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The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"

2016-06-15T18:37:19Z

CharlesStevens:

== Powerpoint Slide ==
[[File:FINAL_DE_The Scar Literature.pptx|thumb]]

[[File:wen1.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen1]]
== Brief Introduction ==
*During the “Cultural Revolution”, many educated youngsters were involved in the “countryside sports”.
The emergence of the "scar literature" directly resulted from it,
which mainly describes the tragic experience of the educated youth, intellectuals, persecuted officials and ordinary people in urban and rural areas.
[[File:wen2.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen2]]

[[File:wen3.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen3]]
== Representative works ==
* The representative works :《The Head Teacher》《The Scar》《Xu Mao and His Daughters》《Kid from the Forest》
One early “Scar Literature” was named “The Class Monitor”，published in 1977,
which was commented to have the similar influence as “The Madman's Diary ” by Lu Xun.
[[File:wen4.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen4]]

[[File:wen5.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen5]]
And other works which talk about the Culture revolution or focus on the trauma of that period are all defined as scar literature.

== General Comment ==
*“The Scar Literature” focused on the superficial description full of emotional anger, lacking in profound thoughts about the tragic.
But it brought up a series of social problems, thus featured with the nature of humanity.
[[File:wen6.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen6]]
[[File:wen7.jpg|600px|thumb|left| wen7]]

*The Scar Literature is the first climate of tragedy in modern Chinese literature.
On the aspect of thought,it has makde great contribution to the negativatioin of the Cultural Revolution;
On the aspect of art, it has first brought the awareness of "tragedy" to the modern Chinese literature circle,
which can be described as the "original color "of the literature in the new era.
And because of this, the depressing asmosphere within that age came out,
which was exactly the significance of the Scar Literature in modern Chinese literature.

*Its historical significance is to reveal the transformation from the extremely radical to the extremely convertional and to push the deepening process of the realism,
all standing on the modern historical process.

*While soon the slogan "looking forward" aws brought up, and it made the Scar Literature almost end halfway,
which caused its failure of historcial content with greater compatibility and masterpieces with great value in beauty of tragedy.
But it has broken the stereotype of the extremely radical from the "Four Gang",
and has described the tragedy where the human nature was destroyed by the autocracy ,
thus becoming the pioneer of the socialistic humanity literature in the new era.

The first exemplar of the genre is generally agreed to be Lu Xinhua's 1978 story "Scar", which attacked official hypocrisy and corruption.Liu Xinwu's 1977 short story "The Class Monitor" has also been described as the pioneer of scar literature, though this assessment is disputed.

Most of the representative authors were in their thirties and forties at the time; they worked as salaried writers and editors, and published their works in state-sponsored literary journals. The moral outrage they expressed in their works resonated with the public, contributing to its popularity.

== Recent Research about Scar Literature ==
At that time,however, scar literature did not entirely receive a free pass from the Party establishment; due to its criticisms of the Communist Party and of Mao himself, as well as its exposure of social problems, it came under attack by conservatives as early as 1979. Events such as the trial of Wei Jingsheng signalled writers that there were limits to the open discussion of the past errors of the Party, and after the end of the trial of the Gang of Four, the political climate chilled significantly.[9] Eventually, the government began to crack down on scar literature as part of a wider campaign against "bourgeois liberalism".[10] Deng Xiaoping himself provided major support for the campaign, even though his return to Chinese politics after his earlier disgrace and his political victory over rival Hua Guofeng relied heavily on the repudiation of ultra-leftist Maoism inherent in scar literature, and its influence on public opinion.[6][10] The campaign against scar literature was itself unusual in that, unlike earlier campaigns against liberalism, official criticisms were generally limited to attacks on its content, rather than denunciations of individuals.[11](selected from Wikipedia)
Nowadays people tend to review the period of cultural revolution and reevaluate those works that show the life of public intellectuals. The symbol of scar literature is the trauma and the pain, but there are more and more people believe that those works intentionally exaggerate the pain of ordinary people to gain sympathy.
And those scar literature is quite depressed and full of complain, but doesn't come up with methods to avoid such tragedy happen again. it's more like the political writing not the literature creation. So more and more critics are focused on the literature then raise their criticism.

The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"

2016-06-15T18:22:22Z

CharlesStevens: /* General Comment */

The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"

2016-06-15T18:12:10Z

CharlesStevens: /* Representative works */

Bing Xin

2016-06-15T18:05:20Z

CharlesStevens: /* Enduring Suffering Interrogation */

Bing Xin (1900-1999) ...
[[File:Bing Xin.jpg|600px|thumb|left| Bing Xin]]
[http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=9nEe7ml412gu3iEPesT28fZb5n4P3FojgwFKlFkRQL7lVO3hVKbE2GmM37kgVQvvtbJ2xZfnPHdX00oiQUugB5bGod2RQuEPQqWiJHQ3Lk_]

== General Introduction ==
*Bing xin is a well-known Chinese woman writer, whose true name is Xie Wanying.
== Bin Xin's Prose ==
*Bing Xin’s prose have wide range of topics ,which is very profound.
She through her own experiences and delicate description, reflected the image of some side about unrest complex social life in China those day vividly.
In Bing Xin's prose , we can see the semi-colonial and semi-feudal old China, imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat comprador class
oppressed and ravaged Chinese people so badly and also the people's heroes’ resist.
Meanwhile, Bing Xin prose theme also extends to history, geography, culture, customs, and people in many countries of the world suffering and struggle,
the reader can derive a wealth of international knowledge.
*Bing Bing Xin prose embodies its own unique style emphasized. Bing Xin good at capturing life in fragments, weaving in their emotions among the waves,
with a keen eye and fine emotions, to trigger internal and external affection was dissolved together, combining emotion scene, scenes, to readers lofty beauty.
Bing Xin prose connotation attaches great importance to the beauty. Her prose novel conception just like the idea of dexterity.
== During The Cultural Revolution ==
*After the start of “the Cultural Revolution", Bing Xin was targeted.
In 1970, she was forced to labor until the year 1971. Then she was appointed to translate some foreign masterpiece with others.
During this period, though she had suffered a lot from the farm work, she was still able to create new work. What's more, she was also trying to reflect his previous work and she became ore mature in those story especially for children.
Also this experience strongly influenced her, she started to be aware of politics. None of her later work was bonded with politics.

== Enduring Suffering Interrogation ==
*At that time ,Bing XIn was often asked by the Red Guard like this:
Who did you get in touch with? When? Where? Why? How?
Have you worked with the enemies from Japan or the USA? Confess your crime!
*However, whatever the Red Guard questioned her or even threatened her ,Bing Xin always responsed like this:" I have nothing to confess."
It was kind of a shame and ridiculous when we talk about that interrogation. All those actions were based on the belief of the government, however most people don't ask why, they just follow other people. Bing Xin's reaction was a typical reaction towards those red guards, which certainly brought her much more pain and waste of time.

== Works About The Cultrual Revolution ==
*It was onced believed that Bing Xin's works about "the Cultural Revolution" include only one poem，two essays and two memorial articles.
In fact they are more than those, including two masterpiece. One is called “To my family”, composed of 28 envelopes.
== Daily Writings During The Cultural Revolution ==
*During "the Cultural Revolution", Bing Xin insisted using the greetings when writing envelopes
like "My dear"“Missing you very much”instead of “Long live Chairman Mao”or”Comrade”
== Bing Xin's Children Literature ==
*Bing Xin's children's literature is full of children's love and hope.
Bing Xin combine education with interest by feeling.
*Bing Xin never appeared in the children's education appearance, not to empty preaching, blunting admonition to the education of children,
The way in kind, euphemistic tone, described her life experiences and feelings, and describe it as interesting, so interesting.
Patriotism education for children, and children's self Respect the heart and a sense of national pride.
*Bing Xin's works of children's literature is an important content.
However, Bing Xin's works is not directly stated by our motherland.
Its ingenious design and vivid scenes expressd the love of the motherland.
*In children's literature after the founding of the people's Republic of China, patriotic feelings behaved more intensely.
Bing Xin's personal experience was naturally expressed.

Bing Xin

2016-06-15T18:01:20Z

CharlesStevens: /* During The Cultural Revolution */

Bing Xin (1900-1999) ...
[[File:Bing Xin.jpg|600px|thumb|left| Bing Xin]]
[http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=9nEe7ml412gu3iEPesT28fZb5n4P3FojgwFKlFkRQL7lVO3hVKbE2GmM37kgVQvvtbJ2xZfnPHdX00oiQUugB5bGod2RQuEPQqWiJHQ3Lk_]

== General Introduction ==
*Bing xin is a well-known Chinese woman writer, whose true name is Xie Wanying.
== Bin Xin's Prose ==
*Bing Xin’s prose have wide range of topics ,which is very profound.
She through her own experiences and delicate description, reflected the image of some side about unrest complex social life in China those day vividly.
In Bing Xin's prose , we can see the semi-colonial and semi-feudal old China, imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat comprador class
oppressed and ravaged Chinese people so badly and also the people's heroes’ resist.
Meanwhile, Bing Xin prose theme also extends to history, geography, culture, customs, and people in many countries of the world suffering and struggle,
the reader can derive a wealth of international knowledge.
*Bing Bing Xin prose embodies its own unique style emphasized. Bing Xin good at capturing life in fragments, weaving in their emotions among the waves,
with a keen eye and fine emotions, to trigger internal and external affection was dissolved together, combining emotion scene, scenes, to readers lofty beauty.
Bing Xin prose connotation attaches great importance to the beauty. Her prose novel conception just like the idea of dexterity.
== During The Cultural Revolution ==
*After the start of “the Cultural Revolution", Bing Xin was targeted.
In 1970, she was forced to labor until the year 1971. Then she was appointed to translate some foreign masterpiece with others.
During this period, though she had suffered a lot from the farm work, she was still able to create new work. What's more, she was also trying to reflect his previous work and she became ore mature in those story especially for children.
Also this experience strongly influenced her, she started to be aware of politics. None of her later work was bonded with politics.

== Enduring Suffering Interrogation ==
*At that time ,Bing XIn was often asked by the Red Guard like this:
Who did you get in touch with? When? Where? Why? How?
Have you worked with the enemies from Japan or the USA? Confess your crime!
*However, whatever the Red Guard questioned her or even threatened her ,Bing Xin always responsed like this:" I have nothing to confess."
== Works About The Cultrual Revolution ==
*It was onced believed that Bing Xin's works about "the Cultural Revolution" include only one poem，two essays and two memorial articles.
In fact they are more than those, including two masterpiece. One is called “To my family”, composed of 28 envelopes.
== Daily Writings During The Cultural Revolution ==
*During "the Cultural Revolution", Bing Xin insisted using the greetings when writing envelopes
like "My dear"“Missing you very much”instead of “Long live Chairman Mao”or”Comrade”
== Bing Xin's Children Literature ==
*Bing Xin's children's literature is full of children's love and hope.
Bing Xin combine education with interest by feeling.
*Bing Xin never appeared in the children's education appearance, not to empty preaching, blunting admonition to the education of children,
The way in kind, euphemistic tone, described her life experiences and feelings, and describe it as interesting, so interesting.
Patriotism education for children, and children's self Respect the heart and a sense of national pride.
*Bing Xin's works of children's literature is an important content.
However, Bing Xin's works is not directly stated by our motherland.
Its ingenious design and vivid scenes expressd the love of the motherland.
*In children's literature after the founding of the people's Republic of China, patriotic feelings behaved more intensely.
Bing Xin's personal experience was naturally expressed.