China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Chen Kuanshun

2024-12-28T10:39:37Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* Jinggang Mountain Spirit */

My name is Chen Kuanshun, from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. I was born on October 25, 2000 and I am 24 years old. My major is Korean translation. It's great to meet everyone.
==Nov 6,2024==
I made a ppt about translating
==Nov 7,2024==
I translated a news article by myself.
==Nov 8,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 9,2024==
I translated some texts.
==Nov 10,2024==
I read an article.
==Nov 11,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 12,2024==
I listened to a news passage.
==Nov 13,2024==
I translated a short text about my experience .
==Nov 14,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 15,2024==
I read an entertainment news article.
==Nov 16,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 17,2024==
I made a ppt of translating case studies
==Nov 18,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 19,2024==
I learned an English song today.
==Nov 20,2024==
I translated a piece of news today.
==Nov 21,2024==
I had a translation class today.
==Nov 22,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 23,2024==
I read two articles today.
==Nov 24,2024==
I watched a spoken Korean video today.
==Nov 25,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 26,2024==
I attended a translation seminar today.
==Nov 27,2024==
I translated an article about scientific and technological innovation today.
==Nov 28,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 29,2024==
I translated an article about Diplomacy.
==Nov 30,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 1,2024==
I took a translation class today.
==Dec 2,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 3,2024==
I read a paper about translation.
==Dec 4,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 5,2024==
I translated an article.
==Dec 6,2024==
I took a translation class today.
==Dec 7,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 8,2024==
I read a paper about religion.
==Dec 9,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 10,2024==
I translated an article about Academic Papers.
==Dec 11,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 12,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 13,2024==
I attended a lecture on translation today
==Dec 14,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 15,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 16,2024==
I had a non-literary translation class today
==Dec 17,2024==
I translated a news article today
==Dec 18,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 19,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Final Paper==
Jinggang Mountain

==Overview==
Jinggang Mountain is located in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, at the midsection of the Luoxiao Mountains, where the provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi meet. In ancient times, it was referred to as "the crossroads of Chen, Heng, Xiang, and Gan, at the heart of the thousand-mile Luoxiao Range." Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the terrain resembles a well, with a small stream flowing nearby. The Hakka people who migrated here from Guangdong referred to the stream as "Jiang" (meaning river) and named the nearby mountain "Jingjiang Mountain" (井江山). The village was also called "Jingjiang Mountain Village." Over time, due to the similarity in pronunciation between "Jiang" (江) and "Gang" (冈) in the Hakka dialect, people began calling it "Jinggang Mountain."
Jinggang Mountain is the cradle of the revolution. The establishment of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base ignited the initial sparks of armed struggle by workers and peasants, opening a new chapter in China's revolutionary history. It fostered the invaluable Jinggang Mountain Spirit, left behind numerous classic red stories, and preserved over 100 revolutionary sites. From that point onward, the Communist Party of China gradually matured, discovered the correct revolutionary path, and embarked on the great journey of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. This laid the foundation for the Party to lead the people in creating the Chinese miracle. In February 2016, during his visit to Jiangxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The most precious legacy from the Jinggang Mountain period is the timeless Jinggang Mountain Spirit.” He further stated, “We must adapt this spirit to the conditions of the new era, adhering to unwavering pursuit of ideals, seeking truth and innovation, overcoming challenges through hard work, and relying on the people for victory. In doing so, we can ensure that the Jinggang Mountain Spirit continues to shine brightly in our times.”

==The History of Jinggang Mountain==
Jinggang Mountain is a mountainous region characterized by its moderate peaks and rugged terrain. It is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, the Jinggang Mountain area belonged to the borderlands of Yongzhou Prefecture in Hunan, Ji’an Prefecture in Jiangxi, and Shaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong, making it a region of significant strategic importance.
In the late Qing Dynasty, as foreign powers invaded China and the Qing government proved increasingly corrupt and incompetent, Chinese society fell into a state of turmoil. Various grassroots resistance movements arose across the country. Jinggang Mountain was no exception. Local farmers and miners frequently staged uprisings against the landlords and local authorities, creating a revolutionary atmosphere that laid the groundwork for the area's later significance in Chinese history.
In the spring of 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising forces led by Mao Zedong launched a rebellion in the Pingjiang area of Hunan Province. However, the uprising was soon defeated by the Kuomintang army. By October 1927, Mao Zedong and his comrades were forced to leave Hunan and retreat to the Jinggang Mountain area in Jiangxi Province. There, they established the first rural revolutionary base in China, centered on Ninggang County, known as the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. They set up Lanhuaping as their stronghold and pioneered the revolutionary strategy of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power through armed struggle," a path uniquely suited to China's conditions. From that moment, the previously obscure Jinggang Mountain was inscribed in the annals of Chinese revolutionary history.
At that time, the Jinggang Mountain region was under blockade and suppression by Kuomintang forces, making life and operations exceedingly difficult for Mao Zedong and his comrades. Despite these hardships, Mao never wavered in his revolutionary faith. He actively mobilized the local population and conducted guerrilla warfare, gradually solidifying the revolutionary base in the Jinggang Mountain region.
Under Mao Zedong's leadership, the revolutionary forces in the Jinggang Mountain region gradually grew stronger. With the support of the local population, they launched a land revolution and fought against imperialism and feudalism. A comprehensive revolutionary government and military organization were established, culminating in the creation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base.
The Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base was the first major revolutionary base established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in southern China. Its establishment marked a significant step forward in the CPC's revolutionary efforts in the region, laying a solid foundation for future successes in the Chinese revolution.
Building on the foundation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong gradually developed a formidable guerrilla force and established a comprehensive revolutionary military organization. Through guerrilla warfare, they consistently struck at Kuomintang forces and landlord militias, expanding the influence of the revolutionary base. Simultaneously, they actively engaged in mobilizing the local population, organizing grassroots bodies such as rural revolutionary committees and workers' movement committees, thereby achieving comprehensive leadership over the local masses.
In 1930, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale campaign to encircle and suppress the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, plunging it into a severe crisis. Despite the challenging circumstances, Mao Zedong and other revolutionary leaders organized the defense of Jinggang Mountain. In this critical battle, they successfully repelled the Kuomintang’s offensive.
The defense of Jinggang Mountain was a pivotal battle in the history of the Chinese Revolution. It marked the consolidation and development of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base and exemplified the unyielding revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China.

==Jinggang Mountain Spirit==
Jinggang Mountain Spirit is one of the core revolutionary spirits born during the Land Revolution period at the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. Its essence can be summarized in five key points:
1. Unwavering revolutionary faith.
2. Absolute adherence to the leadership of the Party.
3. A deep connection with and reliance on the people.
4. A pragmatic approach grounded in reality.
5. A spirit of hard work and perseverance.

(1) Resolute Pursuit of Ideals: The Soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Faith in ideals is not only the spiritual backbone of an individual but also the foundational support for a political party and a nation. “Resolute faith” highlights the essential ideological qualities required of Communist Party members, serving as a significant benchmark for assessing their ideological qualifications. This steadfast belief connects the hearts of the Communist Party of China and the people, forging a close and inseparable bond that constitutes the soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(2) Seeking Truth and Pioneering New Paths: The Core of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Seeking truth from facts is a fundamental principle of Marxism and the essence of Mao Zedong Thought. During the Jinggang Mountain struggle, in the face of repeated military offensives by the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Party led the Red Army to adopt strategies such as “dividing forces to mobilize the masses, concentrating forces to confront the enemy,” and tactical principles like “when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy camps, we harass; when the enemy tires, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue.” These strategies dealt severe blows to the enemy and gradually secured victories. The Party's actions demonstrated that, although these tactics could not be found in books, they were highly effective, showcasing a scientific spirit rooted in practicality and seeking truth from facts.
(3) Hard Work and Perseverance: The Cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
“Self-reliance and hard work” is a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China and the political essence of its members. In 1928, although the revolutionary base achieved a bumper harvest in grain production, shortages of essential supplies like salt, fabric, and medicine remained significant challenges for the Red Army. In response, the Party led soldiers and civilians to extract salt from old walls, collect herbs from the mountains, and manufacture simple weapons using rudimentary tools to address the scarcity of resources. This spirit of self-reliance and perseverance in overcoming difficulties became the cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(4) Relying on the Masses: A Crucial Strategy for Victory
Marxist views on the masses hold that the people are the creators of history. The mass line emphasizes “everything for the people and everything relying on the people.” In the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, where the terrain was complex and natural conditions were harsh, overcoming these challenges and resisting enemy offensives would not have been possible without the support and assistance of the people. The Party’s close connection with the masses, adhering to the principle of serving and relying on the people, was the key to achieving repeated victories in the revolutionary struggle.

==Terms==
Jinggang Mountain 井冈山
Luoxiao Range 罗霄山脉
Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base 井冈山革命根据地
Lanhuaping 兰花坪
Jinggang Mountain Spirit 井冈山精神
Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国共产党
Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起义
Kuomintang 国民党
Unwavering revolutionary faith 坚定不移的革命信念
Seeking truth from facts 实事求是
Relying on the Masses 依靠群众
The mass line 群众路线
Land revolution 土地革命
Rural revolutionary committees 农村革命委员会
Workers' movement committees 工人运动委员会
The defense of Jinggang Mountain 井冈山保卫战

==References==
纪元.党史中的地名：井冈山.中国时政，2021.10
杨世萌.井冈山精神及其当代价值研究.世纪桥，2024.10
史全伟.伟大实践孕育井冈山精神[N].中国青年报，2021-07-23（4）
郭少华，肖发生.习近平对井冈山精神科学内涵的新阐释[J].井冈山大学学报（社会科学版），2020，41（5）：29-34.
井冈山精神，中国知网：https://www.cnki.net
井冈山，百度百科：baidu.com

==Question==
1. Where is the geographical location of Jinggang Mountain?
2. Why is Jinggang Mountain called the "Cradle of the Revolution"?
3. What are the five core elements of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?
4. What did the establishment of the Jinggang Mountain revolutionary base signify?
5. What revolutionary strategies did Mao Zedong implement in the Jinggang Mountain area?
6. Why is relying on the masses an important weapon of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?

==AI statement==
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

==Chinese translation==

概览
井冈山，地处江西省西南部，湘赣两省交界的罗霄山脉中段，古有“郴衡湘赣之交，千里罗霄之腹”之称。由于这里四面环山，地形好像一口井，旁边又有一条小溪流过，迁徙至此的广东客家人称溪为“江”，便把旁边的山叫“井江山”，村子也就叫做“井江山村”。又因客家口音“江”与“冈”同音，天长日久，人们就称之为“井冈山”了。
井冈山是革命的摇篮。井冈山革命根据地的建立，点燃了工农武装割据的星星之火，翻开了中国革命的新篇章，孕育形成了宝贵的井冈山精神，也留下了一大批经典红色故事和100多处革命旧址。自此，中国共产党逐步走向成熟，找到了正确的革命道路，实现了马克思主义中国化的伟大开篇，为党领导人民创造中国奇迹奠定了基础。2016年2月，习近平总书记考察江西时指出，“井冈山时期留给我们最为宝贵的财富就是跨越时空的井冈山精神。”“我们要结合新的时代条件，坚持坚定执着追理想、实事求是闯新路、艰苦奋斗攻难关、依靠群众求胜利，让井冈山精神放射出新的时代光芒。”

井冈山的历史

井冈山是一个山峰不高、地势险峻的山区，地处湖南、江西和广东三省交界处。在清朝时期，井冈山地区属于湖南省永州府、江西省吉安府和广东省韶州府的交界地带，是一个地理位置十分重要的区域。在清朝末年，由于外国列强的侵略和清政府的腐败无能，中国社会处于动荡不安的状态，各种民间反抗运动此起彼伏。井冈山地区也不例外，当地农民和矿工经常发生反抗土地贵族和官府的斗争，形成了一种具有强烈革命性质的民间运动。
1927年春天，毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队在湖南平江县一带发动起义，但不久被国民党军队击败。1927年10月，毛泽东等人被迫离开湖南，逃到了江西井冈山一带，创建以宁冈县为中心的中国第一个农村革命根据地——井冈山革命根据地，建立兰花坪。开辟了“以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权”的具有中国特色的革命道路，从此鲜为人知的井冈山被载入中国革命历史的光荣史册。当时的井冈山地区处于国民党军队的封锁和围剿之中，毛泽东等人的生活和行动都十分困难。但是，毛泽东并没有放弃革命的信念，他积极组织群众，开展游击战争，逐渐巩固了在井冈山地区的革命根据地。
在毛泽东的领导下，井冈山地区的革命力量逐渐壮大。他们在当地群众的支持下，开展了土地革命和反帝反封建的斗争，建立了一套完整的革命政权和军事组织，形成了井冈山革命根据地。井冈山革命根据地是中国共产党在南方地区的第一个较大的革命根据地，它的建立标志着中国共产党在南方地区的革命事业迈出了重要的一步。
在井冈山革命根据地的基础上，毛泽东逐渐发展了一支强大的游击队，并建立了一套完整的革命军事组织。他们通过游击战争，不断地打击国民党军队和地主武装，扩大了革命根据地的影响范围。同时，他们还积极开展群众工作，组织群众建立了农村革命委员会和工人运动委员会等群众组织，实现了对当地群众的全面领导。
1930年，国民党军队对井冈山革命根据地发动了大规模的围剿，井冈山革命根据地陷入了危机之中。毛泽东等革命领袖在极其困难的情况下，组织了井冈山保卫战，最终击退了国民党军队的进攻。井冈山保卫战是中国革命史上的一次重要战役，它标志着井冈山革命根据地的巩固和发展，也展示了中国共产党人顽强不屈的革命精神。

井冈山精神

井冈山精神是红色革命精神之一，诞生于土地革命时期的井冈山根据地。井冈山精神的内涵可以用五句话来概括：一是坚定不移的革命信念。二是坚持党的绝对领导。三是密切联系人民群众的思想作风。四是一切从实际出发的思想路线。五是艰苦奋斗的作风。
（一）坚定执着追理想是井冈山精神的灵魂
理想信念，是一个人的精神支柱，也是一个政党和一个国家的精神支柱。“‘坚定信念’，强调的是共产党人必备的思想素养，它是衡量党员干部思想是否合格的显著标志”。正是这种信念的坚守联结了中国共产党人和广大人民群众的内心，形成了血肉相依的密切关系，铸牢了井冈山精神的灵魂。
（二）实事求是闯新路是井冈山精神的核心
实事求是是马克思主义的根本观点，也是毛泽东思想的精髓。在井冈山斗争时期里，面对国民党反动派一次又一次的军事进攻，我党领导红军实行的“分兵以发动群众，集中以应付敌人”，以及“敌进我退、敌驻我扰、敌疲我打、敌退我追”等战略战术原则，给敌人以沉重打击，逐步取得战斗胜利。我党用实际行动表明这些虽然是在书上找不到的战术，却是红军行之有效的策略，彰显了从实际出发、实事求是的科学精神。
（三）艰苦奋斗攻难关是井冈山精神的基石
“自力更生，艰苦奋斗”是中国共产党的优良传统，也是中国共产党人的政治本色。1928 年，根据地种植的粮食终于获得了大丰收，但是食盐、布匹、药品的缺乏，依然是困扰红军的大问题，为此中国共产党带领军民用老墙上的土熬成硝盐，到山上采集草药，还用简陋的工具制成简单的武器用来缓解当时的物资缺乏情况，在困境中求生存。中国共产党人自力更生、艰苦奋斗的革命精神铸成了井冈山精神的伟大基石。
（四）依靠群众求胜利是井冈山精神的重要法宝
马克思主义群众观认为人民群众是历史的创造者。群众路线，就是一切为了人民、一切依靠人民。由于井冈山革命根据地地形复杂，克服艰难困苦的自然条件，抵御敌人的层层进攻，这一切都离不开人民群众的帮助与支持。我党正是因为有着与人民群众的血肉联系，坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民的人民观，才能在革命斗争中取得一次次的胜利。

问题

1. 井冈山的地理位置在哪里？
2. 为什么井冈山被称为“革命的摇篮”？
3. 井冈山精神的五个核心内容是什么？
4. 井冈山革命根据地的建立标志着什么？
5. 毛泽东在井冈山地区采取了哪些革命策略？
6. 为什么依靠群众是井冈山精神的重要法宝？

User:Chen Kuanshun

2024-12-28T10:38:01Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* The History of Jinggang Mountain */

My name is Chen Kuanshun, from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. I was born on October 25, 2000 and I am 24 years old. My major is Korean translation. It's great to meet everyone.
==Nov 6,2024==
I made a ppt about translating
==Nov 7,2024==
I translated a news article by myself.
==Nov 8,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 9,2024==
I translated some texts.
==Nov 10,2024==
I read an article.
==Nov 11,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 12,2024==
I listened to a news passage.
==Nov 13,2024==
I translated a short text about my experience .
==Nov 14,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 15,2024==
I read an entertainment news article.
==Nov 16,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 17,2024==
I made a ppt of translating case studies
==Nov 18,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 19,2024==
I learned an English song today.
==Nov 20,2024==
I translated a piece of news today.
==Nov 21,2024==
I had a translation class today.
==Nov 22,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 23,2024==
I read two articles today.
==Nov 24,2024==
I watched a spoken Korean video today.
==Nov 25,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 26,2024==
I attended a translation seminar today.
==Nov 27,2024==
I translated an article about scientific and technological innovation today.
==Nov 28,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Nov 29,2024==
I translated an article about Diplomacy.
==Nov 30,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 1,2024==
I took a translation class today.
==Dec 2,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 3,2024==
I read a paper about translation.
==Dec 4,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 5,2024==
I translated an article.
==Dec 6,2024==
I took a translation class today.
==Dec 7,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 8,2024==
I read a paper about religion.
==Dec 9,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 10,2024==
I translated an article about Academic Papers.
==Dec 11,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 12,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 13,2024==
I attended a lecture on translation today
==Dec 14,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 15,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Dec 16,2024==
I had a non-literary translation class today
==Dec 17,2024==
I translated a news article today
==Dec 18,2024==
I translated an article today.
==Dec 19,2024==
I did not learn anything today.
==Final Paper==
Jinggang Mountain

==Overview==
Jinggang Mountain is located in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, at the midsection of the Luoxiao Mountains, where the provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi meet. In ancient times, it was referred to as "the crossroads of Chen, Heng, Xiang, and Gan, at the heart of the thousand-mile Luoxiao Range." Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the terrain resembles a well, with a small stream flowing nearby. The Hakka people who migrated here from Guangdong referred to the stream as "Jiang" (meaning river) and named the nearby mountain "Jingjiang Mountain" (井江山). The village was also called "Jingjiang Mountain Village." Over time, due to the similarity in pronunciation between "Jiang" (江) and "Gang" (冈) in the Hakka dialect, people began calling it "Jinggang Mountain."
Jinggang Mountain is the cradle of the revolution. The establishment of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base ignited the initial sparks of armed struggle by workers and peasants, opening a new chapter in China's revolutionary history. It fostered the invaluable Jinggang Mountain Spirit, left behind numerous classic red stories, and preserved over 100 revolutionary sites. From that point onward, the Communist Party of China gradually matured, discovered the correct revolutionary path, and embarked on the great journey of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. This laid the foundation for the Party to lead the people in creating the Chinese miracle. In February 2016, during his visit to Jiangxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The most precious legacy from the Jinggang Mountain period is the timeless Jinggang Mountain Spirit.” He further stated, “We must adapt this spirit to the conditions of the new era, adhering to unwavering pursuit of ideals, seeking truth and innovation, overcoming challenges through hard work, and relying on the people for victory. In doing so, we can ensure that the Jinggang Mountain Spirit continues to shine brightly in our times.”

==The History of Jinggang Mountain==
Jinggang Mountain is a mountainous region characterized by its moderate peaks and rugged terrain. It is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, the Jinggang Mountain area belonged to the borderlands of Yongzhou Prefecture in Hunan, Ji’an Prefecture in Jiangxi, and Shaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong, making it a region of significant strategic importance.
In the late Qing Dynasty, as foreign powers invaded China and the Qing government proved increasingly corrupt and incompetent, Chinese society fell into a state of turmoil. Various grassroots resistance movements arose across the country. Jinggang Mountain was no exception. Local farmers and miners frequently staged uprisings against the landlords and local authorities, creating a revolutionary atmosphere that laid the groundwork for the area's later significance in Chinese history.
In the spring of 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising forces led by Mao Zedong launched a rebellion in the Pingjiang area of Hunan Province. However, the uprising was soon defeated by the Kuomintang army. By October 1927, Mao Zedong and his comrades were forced to leave Hunan and retreat to the Jinggang Mountain area in Jiangxi Province. There, they established the first rural revolutionary base in China, centered on Ninggang County, known as the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. They set up Lanhuaping as their stronghold and pioneered the revolutionary strategy of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power through armed struggle," a path uniquely suited to China's conditions. From that moment, the previously obscure Jinggang Mountain was inscribed in the annals of Chinese revolutionary history.
At that time, the Jinggang Mountain region was under blockade and suppression by Kuomintang forces, making life and operations exceedingly difficult for Mao Zedong and his comrades. Despite these hardships, Mao never wavered in his revolutionary faith. He actively mobilized the local population and conducted guerrilla warfare, gradually solidifying the revolutionary base in the Jinggang Mountain region.
Under Mao Zedong's leadership, the revolutionary forces in the Jinggang Mountain region gradually grew stronger. With the support of the local population, they launched a land revolution and fought against imperialism and feudalism. A comprehensive revolutionary government and military organization were established, culminating in the creation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base.
The Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base was the first major revolutionary base established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in southern China. Its establishment marked a significant step forward in the CPC's revolutionary efforts in the region, laying a solid foundation for future successes in the Chinese revolution.
Building on the foundation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong gradually developed a formidable guerrilla force and established a comprehensive revolutionary military organization. Through guerrilla warfare, they consistently struck at Kuomintang forces and landlord militias, expanding the influence of the revolutionary base. Simultaneously, they actively engaged in mobilizing the local population, organizing grassroots bodies such as rural revolutionary committees and workers' movement committees, thereby achieving comprehensive leadership over the local masses.
In 1930, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale campaign to encircle and suppress the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, plunging it into a severe crisis. Despite the challenging circumstances, Mao Zedong and other revolutionary leaders organized the defense of Jinggang Mountain. In this critical battle, they successfully repelled the Kuomintang’s offensive.
The defense of Jinggang Mountain was a pivotal battle in the history of the Chinese Revolution. It marked the consolidation and development of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base and exemplified the unyielding revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China.

==Jinggang Mountain Spirit==
Jinggang Mountain Spirit is one of the core revolutionary spirits born during the Land Revolution period at the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. Its essence can be summarized in five key points:
1. Unwavering revolutionary faith.
2. Absolute adherence to the leadership of the Party.
3. A deep connection with and reliance on the people.
4. A pragmatic approach grounded in reality.
5. A spirit of hard work and perseverance.
(1) Resolute Pursuit of Ideals: The Soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Faith in ideals is not only the spiritual backbone of an individual but also the foundational support for a political party and a nation. “Resolute faith” highlights the essential ideological qualities required of Communist Party members, serving as a significant benchmark for assessing their ideological qualifications. This steadfast belief connects the hearts of the Communist Party of China and the people, forging a close and inseparable bond that constitutes the soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(2) Seeking Truth and Pioneering New Paths: The Core of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Seeking truth from facts is a fundamental principle of Marxism and the essence of Mao Zedong Thought. During the Jinggang Mountain struggle, in the face of repeated military offensives by the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Party led the Red Army to adopt strategies such as “dividing forces to mobilize the masses, concentrating forces to confront the enemy,” and tactical principles like “when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy camps, we harass; when the enemy tires, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue.” These strategies dealt severe blows to the enemy and gradually secured victories. The Party's actions demonstrated that, although these tactics could not be found in books, they were highly effective, showcasing a scientific spirit rooted in practicality and seeking truth from facts.
(3) Hard Work and Perseverance: The Cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
“Self-reliance and hard work” is a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China and the political essence of its members. In 1928, although the revolutionary base achieved a bumper harvest in grain production, shortages of essential supplies like salt, fabric, and medicine remained significant challenges for the Red Army. In response, the Party led soldiers and civilians to extract salt from old walls, collect herbs from the mountains, and manufacture simple weapons using rudimentary tools to address the scarcity of resources. This spirit of self-reliance and perseverance in overcoming difficulties became the cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(4) Relying on the Masses: A Crucial Strategy for Victory
Marxist views on the masses hold that the people are the creators of history. The mass line emphasizes “everything for the people and everything relying on the people.” In the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, where the terrain was complex and natural conditions were harsh, overcoming these challenges and resisting enemy offensives would not have been possible without the support and assistance of the people. The Party’s close connection with the masses, adhering to the principle of serving and relying on the people, was the key to achieving repeated victories in the revolutionary struggle.

==Terms==
Jinggang Mountain 井冈山
Luoxiao Range 罗霄山脉
Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base 井冈山革命根据地
Lanhuaping 兰花坪
Jinggang Mountain Spirit 井冈山精神
Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国共产党
Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起义
Kuomintang 国民党
Unwavering revolutionary faith 坚定不移的革命信念
Seeking truth from facts 实事求是
Relying on the Masses 依靠群众
The mass line 群众路线
Land revolution 土地革命
Rural revolutionary committees 农村革命委员会
Workers' movement committees 工人运动委员会
The defense of Jinggang Mountain 井冈山保卫战

==References==
纪元.党史中的地名：井冈山.中国时政，2021.10
杨世萌.井冈山精神及其当代价值研究.世纪桥，2024.10
史全伟.伟大实践孕育井冈山精神[N].中国青年报，2021-07-23（4）
郭少华，肖发生.习近平对井冈山精神科学内涵的新阐释[J].井冈山大学学报（社会科学版），2020，41（5）：29-34.
井冈山精神，中国知网：https://www.cnki.net
井冈山，百度百科：baidu.com

==Question==
1. Where is the geographical location of Jinggang Mountain?
2. Why is Jinggang Mountain called the "Cradle of the Revolution"?
3. What are the five core elements of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?
4. What did the establishment of the Jinggang Mountain revolutionary base signify?
5. What revolutionary strategies did Mao Zedong implement in the Jinggang Mountain area?
6. Why is relying on the masses an important weapon of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?

==AI statement==
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

==Chinese translation==

概览
井冈山，地处江西省西南部，湘赣两省交界的罗霄山脉中段，古有“郴衡湘赣之交，千里罗霄之腹”之称。由于这里四面环山，地形好像一口井，旁边又有一条小溪流过，迁徙至此的广东客家人称溪为“江”，便把旁边的山叫“井江山”，村子也就叫做“井江山村”。又因客家口音“江”与“冈”同音，天长日久，人们就称之为“井冈山”了。
井冈山是革命的摇篮。井冈山革命根据地的建立，点燃了工农武装割据的星星之火，翻开了中国革命的新篇章，孕育形成了宝贵的井冈山精神，也留下了一大批经典红色故事和100多处革命旧址。自此，中国共产党逐步走向成熟，找到了正确的革命道路，实现了马克思主义中国化的伟大开篇，为党领导人民创造中国奇迹奠定了基础。2016年2月，习近平总书记考察江西时指出，“井冈山时期留给我们最为宝贵的财富就是跨越时空的井冈山精神。”“我们要结合新的时代条件，坚持坚定执着追理想、实事求是闯新路、艰苦奋斗攻难关、依靠群众求胜利，让井冈山精神放射出新的时代光芒。”

井冈山的历史

井冈山是一个山峰不高、地势险峻的山区，地处湖南、江西和广东三省交界处。在清朝时期，井冈山地区属于湖南省永州府、江西省吉安府和广东省韶州府的交界地带，是一个地理位置十分重要的区域。在清朝末年，由于外国列强的侵略和清政府的腐败无能，中国社会处于动荡不安的状态，各种民间反抗运动此起彼伏。井冈山地区也不例外，当地农民和矿工经常发生反抗土地贵族和官府的斗争，形成了一种具有强烈革命性质的民间运动。
1927年春天，毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队在湖南平江县一带发动起义，但不久被国民党军队击败。1927年10月，毛泽东等人被迫离开湖南，逃到了江西井冈山一带，创建以宁冈县为中心的中国第一个农村革命根据地——井冈山革命根据地，建立兰花坪。开辟了“以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权”的具有中国特色的革命道路，从此鲜为人知的井冈山被载入中国革命历史的光荣史册。当时的井冈山地区处于国民党军队的封锁和围剿之中，毛泽东等人的生活和行动都十分困难。但是，毛泽东并没有放弃革命的信念，他积极组织群众，开展游击战争，逐渐巩固了在井冈山地区的革命根据地。
在毛泽东的领导下，井冈山地区的革命力量逐渐壮大。他们在当地群众的支持下，开展了土地革命和反帝反封建的斗争，建立了一套完整的革命政权和军事组织，形成了井冈山革命根据地。井冈山革命根据地是中国共产党在南方地区的第一个较大的革命根据地，它的建立标志着中国共产党在南方地区的革命事业迈出了重要的一步。
在井冈山革命根据地的基础上，毛泽东逐渐发展了一支强大的游击队，并建立了一套完整的革命军事组织。他们通过游击战争，不断地打击国民党军队和地主武装，扩大了革命根据地的影响范围。同时，他们还积极开展群众工作，组织群众建立了农村革命委员会和工人运动委员会等群众组织，实现了对当地群众的全面领导。
1930年，国民党军队对井冈山革命根据地发动了大规模的围剿，井冈山革命根据地陷入了危机之中。毛泽东等革命领袖在极其困难的情况下，组织了井冈山保卫战，最终击退了国民党军队的进攻。井冈山保卫战是中国革命史上的一次重要战役，它标志着井冈山革命根据地的巩固和发展，也展示了中国共产党人顽强不屈的革命精神。

井冈山精神

井冈山精神是红色革命精神之一，诞生于土地革命时期的井冈山根据地。井冈山精神的内涵可以用五句话来概括：一是坚定不移的革命信念。二是坚持党的绝对领导。三是密切联系人民群众的思想作风。四是一切从实际出发的思想路线。五是艰苦奋斗的作风。
（一）坚定执着追理想是井冈山精神的灵魂
理想信念，是一个人的精神支柱，也是一个政党和一个国家的精神支柱。“‘坚定信念’，强调的是共产党人必备的思想素养，它是衡量党员干部思想是否合格的显著标志”。正是这种信念的坚守联结了中国共产党人和广大人民群众的内心，形成了血肉相依的密切关系，铸牢了井冈山精神的灵魂。
（二）实事求是闯新路是井冈山精神的核心
实事求是是马克思主义的根本观点，也是毛泽东思想的精髓。在井冈山斗争时期里，面对国民党反动派一次又一次的军事进攻，我党领导红军实行的“分兵以发动群众，集中以应付敌人”，以及“敌进我退、敌驻我扰、敌疲我打、敌退我追”等战略战术原则，给敌人以沉重打击，逐步取得战斗胜利。我党用实际行动表明这些虽然是在书上找不到的战术，却是红军行之有效的策略，彰显了从实际出发、实事求是的科学精神。
（三）艰苦奋斗攻难关是井冈山精神的基石
“自力更生，艰苦奋斗”是中国共产党的优良传统，也是中国共产党人的政治本色。1928 年，根据地种植的粮食终于获得了大丰收，但是食盐、布匹、药品的缺乏，依然是困扰红军的大问题，为此中国共产党带领军民用老墙上的土熬成硝盐，到山上采集草药，还用简陋的工具制成简单的武器用来缓解当时的物资缺乏情况，在困境中求生存。中国共产党人自力更生、艰苦奋斗的革命精神铸成了井冈山精神的伟大基石。
（四）依靠群众求胜利是井冈山精神的重要法宝
马克思主义群众观认为人民群众是历史的创造者。群众路线，就是一切为了人民、一切依靠人民。由于井冈山革命根据地地形复杂，克服艰难困苦的自然条件，抵御敌人的层层进攻，这一切都离不开人民群众的帮助与支持。我党正是因为有着与人民群众的血肉联系，坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民的人民观，才能在革命斗争中取得一次次的胜利。

问题

1. 井冈山的地理位置在哪里？
2. 为什么井冈山被称为“革命的摇篮”？
3. 井冈山精神的五个核心内容是什么？
4. 井冈山革命根据地的建立标志着什么？
5. 毛泽东在井冈山地区采取了哪些革命策略？
6. 为什么依靠群众是井冈山精神的重要法宝？

User:Chen Kuanshun

2024-12-28T10:37:12Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* Overview */

My name is Chen Kuanshun, from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. I was born on October 25, 2000 and I am 24 years old. My major is Korean translation. It's great to meet everyone.
==Nov 6,2024==
I made a ppt about translating
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I translated a news article by myself.
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==Final Paper==
Jinggang Mountain

==Overview==
Jinggang Mountain is located in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, at the midsection of the Luoxiao Mountains, where the provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi meet. In ancient times, it was referred to as "the crossroads of Chen, Heng, Xiang, and Gan, at the heart of the thousand-mile Luoxiao Range." Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the terrain resembles a well, with a small stream flowing nearby. The Hakka people who migrated here from Guangdong referred to the stream as "Jiang" (meaning river) and named the nearby mountain "Jingjiang Mountain" (井江山). The village was also called "Jingjiang Mountain Village." Over time, due to the similarity in pronunciation between "Jiang" (江) and "Gang" (冈) in the Hakka dialect, people began calling it "Jinggang Mountain."
Jinggang Mountain is the cradle of the revolution. The establishment of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base ignited the initial sparks of armed struggle by workers and peasants, opening a new chapter in China's revolutionary history. It fostered the invaluable Jinggang Mountain Spirit, left behind numerous classic red stories, and preserved over 100 revolutionary sites. From that point onward, the Communist Party of China gradually matured, discovered the correct revolutionary path, and embarked on the great journey of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. This laid the foundation for the Party to lead the people in creating the Chinese miracle. In February 2016, during his visit to Jiangxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The most precious legacy from the Jinggang Mountain period is the timeless Jinggang Mountain Spirit.” He further stated, “We must adapt this spirit to the conditions of the new era, adhering to unwavering pursuit of ideals, seeking truth and innovation, overcoming challenges through hard work, and relying on the people for victory. In doing so, we can ensure that the Jinggang Mountain Spirit continues to shine brightly in our times.”

==The History of Jinggang Mountain==
Jinggang Mountain is a mountainous region characterized by its moderate peaks and rugged terrain. It is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, the Jinggang Mountain area belonged to the borderlands of Yongzhou Prefecture in Hunan, Ji’an Prefecture in Jiangxi, and Shaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong, making it a region of significant strategic importance.
In the late Qing Dynasty, as foreign powers invaded China and the Qing government proved increasingly corrupt and incompetent, Chinese society fell into a state of turmoil. Various grassroots resistance movements arose across the country. Jinggang Mountain was no exception. Local farmers and miners frequently staged uprisings against the landlords and local authorities, creating a revolutionary atmosphere that laid the groundwork for the area's later significance in Chinese history.
In the spring of 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising forces led by Mao Zedong launched a rebellion in the Pingjiang area of Hunan Province. However, the uprising was soon defeated by the Kuomintang army. By October 1927, Mao Zedong and his comrades were forced to leave Hunan and retreat to the Jinggang Mountain area in Jiangxi Province. There, they established the first rural revolutionary base in China, centered on Ninggang County, known as the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. They set up Lanhuaping as their stronghold and pioneered the revolutionary strategy of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power through armed struggle," a path uniquely suited to China's conditions. From that moment, the previously obscure Jinggang Mountain was inscribed in the annals of Chinese revolutionary history.
At that time, the Jinggang Mountain region was under blockade and suppression by Kuomintang forces, making life and operations exceedingly difficult for Mao Zedong and his comrades. Despite these hardships, Mao never wavered in his revolutionary faith. He actively mobilized the local population and conducted guerrilla warfare, gradually solidifying the revolutionary base in the Jinggang Mountain region.
Under Mao Zedong's leadership, the revolutionary forces in the Jinggang Mountain region gradually grew stronger. With the support of the local population, they launched a land revolution and fought against imperialism and feudalism. A comprehensive revolutionary government and military organization were established, culminating in the creation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base.
The Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base was the first major revolutionary base established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in southern China. Its establishment marked a significant step forward in the CPC's revolutionary efforts in the region, laying a solid foundation for future successes in the Chinese revolution.
Building on the foundation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong gradually developed a formidable guerrilla force and established a comprehensive revolutionary military organization. Through guerrilla warfare, they consistently struck at Kuomintang forces and landlord militias, expanding the influence of the revolutionary base. Simultaneously, they actively engaged in mobilizing the local population, organizing grassroots bodies such as rural revolutionary committees and workers' movement committees, thereby achieving comprehensive leadership over the local masses.
In 1930, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale campaign to encircle and suppress the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, plunging it into a severe crisis. Despite the challenging circumstances, Mao Zedong and other revolutionary leaders organized the defense of Jinggang Mountain. In this critical battle, they successfully repelled the Kuomintang’s offensive.
The defense of Jinggang Mountain was a pivotal battle in the history of the Chinese Revolution. It marked the consolidation and development of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base and exemplified the unyielding revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China.

==Jinggang Mountain Spirit==
Jinggang Mountain Spirit is one of the core revolutionary spirits born during the Land Revolution period at the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. Its essence can be summarized in five key points:
1. Unwavering revolutionary faith.
2. Absolute adherence to the leadership of the Party.
3. A deep connection with and reliance on the people.
4. A pragmatic approach grounded in reality.
5. A spirit of hard work and perseverance.
(1) Resolute Pursuit of Ideals: The Soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Faith in ideals is not only the spiritual backbone of an individual but also the foundational support for a political party and a nation. “Resolute faith” highlights the essential ideological qualities required of Communist Party members, serving as a significant benchmark for assessing their ideological qualifications. This steadfast belief connects the hearts of the Communist Party of China and the people, forging a close and inseparable bond that constitutes the soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(2) Seeking Truth and Pioneering New Paths: The Core of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Seeking truth from facts is a fundamental principle of Marxism and the essence of Mao Zedong Thought. During the Jinggang Mountain struggle, in the face of repeated military offensives by the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Party led the Red Army to adopt strategies such as “dividing forces to mobilize the masses, concentrating forces to confront the enemy,” and tactical principles like “when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy camps, we harass; when the enemy tires, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue.” These strategies dealt severe blows to the enemy and gradually secured victories. The Party's actions demonstrated that, although these tactics could not be found in books, they were highly effective, showcasing a scientific spirit rooted in practicality and seeking truth from facts.
(3) Hard Work and Perseverance: The Cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
“Self-reliance and hard work” is a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China and the political essence of its members. In 1928, although the revolutionary base achieved a bumper harvest in grain production, shortages of essential supplies like salt, fabric, and medicine remained significant challenges for the Red Army. In response, the Party led soldiers and civilians to extract salt from old walls, collect herbs from the mountains, and manufacture simple weapons using rudimentary tools to address the scarcity of resources. This spirit of self-reliance and perseverance in overcoming difficulties became the cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(4) Relying on the Masses: A Crucial Strategy for Victory
Marxist views on the masses hold that the people are the creators of history. The mass line emphasizes “everything for the people and everything relying on the people.” In the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, where the terrain was complex and natural conditions were harsh, overcoming these challenges and resisting enemy offensives would not have been possible without the support and assistance of the people. The Party’s close connection with the masses, adhering to the principle of serving and relying on the people, was the key to achieving repeated victories in the revolutionary struggle.

==Terms==
Jinggang Mountain 井冈山
Luoxiao Range 罗霄山脉
Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base 井冈山革命根据地
Lanhuaping 兰花坪
Jinggang Mountain Spirit 井冈山精神
Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国共产党
Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起义
Kuomintang 国民党
Unwavering revolutionary faith 坚定不移的革命信念
Seeking truth from facts 实事求是
Relying on the Masses 依靠群众
The mass line 群众路线
Land revolution 土地革命
Rural revolutionary committees 农村革命委员会
Workers' movement committees 工人运动委员会
The defense of Jinggang Mountain 井冈山保卫战

==References==
纪元.党史中的地名：井冈山.中国时政，2021.10
杨世萌.井冈山精神及其当代价值研究.世纪桥，2024.10
史全伟.伟大实践孕育井冈山精神[N].中国青年报，2021-07-23（4）
郭少华，肖发生.习近平对井冈山精神科学内涵的新阐释[J].井冈山大学学报（社会科学版），2020，41（5）：29-34.
井冈山精神，中国知网：https://www.cnki.net
井冈山，百度百科：baidu.com

==Question==
1. Where is the geographical location of Jinggang Mountain?
2. Why is Jinggang Mountain called the "Cradle of the Revolution"?
3. What are the five core elements of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?
4. What did the establishment of the Jinggang Mountain revolutionary base signify?
5. What revolutionary strategies did Mao Zedong implement in the Jinggang Mountain area?
6. Why is relying on the masses an important weapon of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?

==AI statement==
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

==Chinese translation==

概览
井冈山，地处江西省西南部，湘赣两省交界的罗霄山脉中段，古有“郴衡湘赣之交，千里罗霄之腹”之称。由于这里四面环山，地形好像一口井，旁边又有一条小溪流过，迁徙至此的广东客家人称溪为“江”，便把旁边的山叫“井江山”，村子也就叫做“井江山村”。又因客家口音“江”与“冈”同音，天长日久，人们就称之为“井冈山”了。
井冈山是革命的摇篮。井冈山革命根据地的建立，点燃了工农武装割据的星星之火，翻开了中国革命的新篇章，孕育形成了宝贵的井冈山精神，也留下了一大批经典红色故事和100多处革命旧址。自此，中国共产党逐步走向成熟，找到了正确的革命道路，实现了马克思主义中国化的伟大开篇，为党领导人民创造中国奇迹奠定了基础。2016年2月，习近平总书记考察江西时指出，“井冈山时期留给我们最为宝贵的财富就是跨越时空的井冈山精神。”“我们要结合新的时代条件，坚持坚定执着追理想、实事求是闯新路、艰苦奋斗攻难关、依靠群众求胜利，让井冈山精神放射出新的时代光芒。”

井冈山的历史

井冈山是一个山峰不高、地势险峻的山区，地处湖南、江西和广东三省交界处。在清朝时期，井冈山地区属于湖南省永州府、江西省吉安府和广东省韶州府的交界地带，是一个地理位置十分重要的区域。在清朝末年，由于外国列强的侵略和清政府的腐败无能，中国社会处于动荡不安的状态，各种民间反抗运动此起彼伏。井冈山地区也不例外，当地农民和矿工经常发生反抗土地贵族和官府的斗争，形成了一种具有强烈革命性质的民间运动。
1927年春天，毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队在湖南平江县一带发动起义，但不久被国民党军队击败。1927年10月，毛泽东等人被迫离开湖南，逃到了江西井冈山一带，创建以宁冈县为中心的中国第一个农村革命根据地——井冈山革命根据地，建立兰花坪。开辟了“以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权”的具有中国特色的革命道路，从此鲜为人知的井冈山被载入中国革命历史的光荣史册。当时的井冈山地区处于国民党军队的封锁和围剿之中，毛泽东等人的生活和行动都十分困难。但是，毛泽东并没有放弃革命的信念，他积极组织群众，开展游击战争，逐渐巩固了在井冈山地区的革命根据地。
在毛泽东的领导下，井冈山地区的革命力量逐渐壮大。他们在当地群众的支持下，开展了土地革命和反帝反封建的斗争，建立了一套完整的革命政权和军事组织，形成了井冈山革命根据地。井冈山革命根据地是中国共产党在南方地区的第一个较大的革命根据地，它的建立标志着中国共产党在南方地区的革命事业迈出了重要的一步。
在井冈山革命根据地的基础上，毛泽东逐渐发展了一支强大的游击队，并建立了一套完整的革命军事组织。他们通过游击战争，不断地打击国民党军队和地主武装，扩大了革命根据地的影响范围。同时，他们还积极开展群众工作，组织群众建立了农村革命委员会和工人运动委员会等群众组织，实现了对当地群众的全面领导。
1930年，国民党军队对井冈山革命根据地发动了大规模的围剿，井冈山革命根据地陷入了危机之中。毛泽东等革命领袖在极其困难的情况下，组织了井冈山保卫战，最终击退了国民党军队的进攻。井冈山保卫战是中国革命史上的一次重要战役，它标志着井冈山革命根据地的巩固和发展，也展示了中国共产党人顽强不屈的革命精神。

井冈山精神

井冈山精神是红色革命精神之一，诞生于土地革命时期的井冈山根据地。井冈山精神的内涵可以用五句话来概括：一是坚定不移的革命信念。二是坚持党的绝对领导。三是密切联系人民群众的思想作风。四是一切从实际出发的思想路线。五是艰苦奋斗的作风。
（一）坚定执着追理想是井冈山精神的灵魂
理想信念，是一个人的精神支柱，也是一个政党和一个国家的精神支柱。“‘坚定信念’，强调的是共产党人必备的思想素养，它是衡量党员干部思想是否合格的显著标志”。正是这种信念的坚守联结了中国共产党人和广大人民群众的内心，形成了血肉相依的密切关系，铸牢了井冈山精神的灵魂。
（二）实事求是闯新路是井冈山精神的核心
实事求是是马克思主义的根本观点，也是毛泽东思想的精髓。在井冈山斗争时期里，面对国民党反动派一次又一次的军事进攻，我党领导红军实行的“分兵以发动群众，集中以应付敌人”，以及“敌进我退、敌驻我扰、敌疲我打、敌退我追”等战略战术原则，给敌人以沉重打击，逐步取得战斗胜利。我党用实际行动表明这些虽然是在书上找不到的战术，却是红军行之有效的策略，彰显了从实际出发、实事求是的科学精神。
（三）艰苦奋斗攻难关是井冈山精神的基石
“自力更生，艰苦奋斗”是中国共产党的优良传统，也是中国共产党人的政治本色。1928 年，根据地种植的粮食终于获得了大丰收，但是食盐、布匹、药品的缺乏，依然是困扰红军的大问题，为此中国共产党带领军民用老墙上的土熬成硝盐，到山上采集草药，还用简陋的工具制成简单的武器用来缓解当时的物资缺乏情况，在困境中求生存。中国共产党人自力更生、艰苦奋斗的革命精神铸成了井冈山精神的伟大基石。
（四）依靠群众求胜利是井冈山精神的重要法宝
马克思主义群众观认为人民群众是历史的创造者。群众路线，就是一切为了人民、一切依靠人民。由于井冈山革命根据地地形复杂，克服艰难困苦的自然条件，抵御敌人的层层进攻，这一切都离不开人民群众的帮助与支持。我党正是因为有着与人民群众的血肉联系，坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民的人民观，才能在革命斗争中取得一次次的胜利。

问题

1. 井冈山的地理位置在哪里？
2. 为什么井冈山被称为“革命的摇篮”？
3. 井冈山精神的五个核心内容是什么？
4. 井冈山革命根据地的建立标志着什么？
5. 毛泽东在井冈山地区采取了哪些革命策略？
6. 为什么依靠群众是井冈山精神的重要法宝？

User:Chen Kuanshun

2024-12-28T10:35:30Z

Chen Kuanshun:

My name is Chen Kuanshun, from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. I was born on October 25, 2000 and I am 24 years old. My major is Korean translation. It's great to meet everyone.
==Nov 6,2024==
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==Final Paper==
Jinggang Mountain

==Overview==
Jinggang Mountain is located in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, at the midsection of the Luoxiao Mountains, where the provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi meet. In ancient times, it was referred to as "the crossroads of Chen, Heng, Xiang, and Gan, at the heart of the thousand-mile Luoxiao Range." Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the terrain resembles a well, with a small stream flowing nearby. The Hakka people who migrated here from Guangdong referred to the stream as "Jiang" (meaning river) and named the nearby mountain "Jingjiang Mountain" (井江山). The village was also called "Jingjiang Mountain Village." Over time, due to the similarity in pronunciation between "Jiang" (江) and "Gang" (冈) in the Hakka dialect, people began calling it "Jinggang Mountain."
Jinggang Mountain is the cradle of the revolution. The establishment of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base ignited the initial sparks of armed struggle by workers and peasants, opening a new chapter in China's revolutionary history. It fostered the invaluable Jinggang Mountain Spirit, left behind numerous classic red stories, and preserved over 100 revolutionary sites. From that point onward, the Communist Party of China gradually matured, discovered the correct revolutionary path, and embarked on the great journey of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. This laid the foundation for the Party to lead the people in creating the Chinese miracle. In February 2016, during his visit to Jiangxi, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The most precious legacy from the Jinggang Mountain period is the timeless Jinggang Mountain Spirit.” He further stated, “We must adapt this spirit to the conditions of the new era, adhering to unwavering pursuit of ideals, seeking truth and innovation, overcoming challenges through hard work, and relying on the people for victory. In doing so, we can ensure that the Jinggang Mountain Spirit continues to shine brightly in our times.”

==The History of Jinggang Mountain==
Jinggang Mountain is a mountainous region characterized by its moderate peaks and rugged terrain. It is located at the junction of Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, the Jinggang Mountain area belonged to the borderlands of Yongzhou Prefecture in Hunan, Ji’an Prefecture in Jiangxi, and Shaozhou Prefecture in Guangdong, making it a region of significant strategic importance.
In the late Qing Dynasty, as foreign powers invaded China and the Qing government proved increasingly corrupt and incompetent, Chinese society fell into a state of turmoil. Various grassroots resistance movements arose across the country. Jinggang Mountain was no exception. Local farmers and miners frequently staged uprisings against the landlords and local authorities, creating a revolutionary atmosphere that laid the groundwork for the area's later significance in Chinese history.
In the spring of 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising forces led by Mao Zedong launched a rebellion in the Pingjiang area of Hunan Province. However, the uprising was soon defeated by the Kuomintang army. By October 1927, Mao Zedong and his comrades were forced to leave Hunan and retreat to the Jinggang Mountain area in Jiangxi Province. There, they established the first rural revolutionary base in China, centered on Ninggang County, known as the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. They set up Lanhuaping as their stronghold and pioneered the revolutionary strategy of "encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power through armed struggle," a path uniquely suited to China's conditions. From that moment, the previously obscure Jinggang Mountain was inscribed in the annals of Chinese revolutionary history.
At that time, the Jinggang Mountain region was under blockade and suppression by Kuomintang forces, making life and operations exceedingly difficult for Mao Zedong and his comrades. Despite these hardships, Mao never wavered in his revolutionary faith. He actively mobilized the local population and conducted guerrilla warfare, gradually solidifying the revolutionary base in the Jinggang Mountain region.
Under Mao Zedong's leadership, the revolutionary forces in the Jinggang Mountain region gradually grew stronger. With the support of the local population, they launched a land revolution and fought against imperialism and feudalism. A comprehensive revolutionary government and military organization were established, culminating in the creation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base.
The Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base was the first major revolutionary base established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in southern China. Its establishment marked a significant step forward in the CPC's revolutionary efforts in the region, laying a solid foundation for future successes in the Chinese revolution.
Building on the foundation of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, Mao Zedong gradually developed a formidable guerrilla force and established a comprehensive revolutionary military organization. Through guerrilla warfare, they consistently struck at Kuomintang forces and landlord militias, expanding the influence of the revolutionary base. Simultaneously, they actively engaged in mobilizing the local population, organizing grassroots bodies such as rural revolutionary committees and workers' movement committees, thereby achieving comprehensive leadership over the local masses.
In 1930, the Kuomintang launched a large-scale campaign to encircle and suppress the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, plunging it into a severe crisis. Despite the challenging circumstances, Mao Zedong and other revolutionary leaders organized the defense of Jinggang Mountain. In this critical battle, they successfully repelled the Kuomintang’s offensive.
The defense of Jinggang Mountain was a pivotal battle in the history of the Chinese Revolution. It marked the consolidation and development of the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base and exemplified the unyielding revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China.

==Jinggang Mountain Spirit==
Jinggang Mountain Spirit is one of the core revolutionary spirits born during the Land Revolution period at the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base. Its essence can be summarized in five key points:
1. Unwavering revolutionary faith.
2. Absolute adherence to the leadership of the Party.
3. A deep connection with and reliance on the people.
4. A pragmatic approach grounded in reality.
5. A spirit of hard work and perseverance.
(1) Resolute Pursuit of Ideals: The Soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Faith in ideals is not only the spiritual backbone of an individual but also the foundational support for a political party and a nation. “Resolute faith” highlights the essential ideological qualities required of Communist Party members, serving as a significant benchmark for assessing their ideological qualifications. This steadfast belief connects the hearts of the Communist Party of China and the people, forging a close and inseparable bond that constitutes the soul of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(2) Seeking Truth and Pioneering New Paths: The Core of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
Seeking truth from facts is a fundamental principle of Marxism and the essence of Mao Zedong Thought. During the Jinggang Mountain struggle, in the face of repeated military offensives by the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Party led the Red Army to adopt strategies such as “dividing forces to mobilize the masses, concentrating forces to confront the enemy,” and tactical principles like “when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy camps, we harass; when the enemy tires, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue.” These strategies dealt severe blows to the enemy and gradually secured victories. The Party's actions demonstrated that, although these tactics could not be found in books, they were highly effective, showcasing a scientific spirit rooted in practicality and seeking truth from facts.
(3) Hard Work and Perseverance: The Cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit
“Self-reliance and hard work” is a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China and the political essence of its members. In 1928, although the revolutionary base achieved a bumper harvest in grain production, shortages of essential supplies like salt, fabric, and medicine remained significant challenges for the Red Army. In response, the Party led soldiers and civilians to extract salt from old walls, collect herbs from the mountains, and manufacture simple weapons using rudimentary tools to address the scarcity of resources. This spirit of self-reliance and perseverance in overcoming difficulties became the cornerstone of Jinggang Mountain Spirit.
(4) Relying on the Masses: A Crucial Strategy for Victory
Marxist views on the masses hold that the people are the creators of history. The mass line emphasizes “everything for the people and everything relying on the people.” In the Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base, where the terrain was complex and natural conditions were harsh, overcoming these challenges and resisting enemy offensives would not have been possible without the support and assistance of the people. The Party’s close connection with the masses, adhering to the principle of serving and relying on the people, was the key to achieving repeated victories in the revolutionary struggle.

==Terms==
Jinggang Mountain 井冈山
Luoxiao Range 罗霄山脉
Jinggang Mountain Revolutionary Base 井冈山革命根据地
Lanhuaping 兰花坪
Jinggang Mountain Spirit 井冈山精神
Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国共产党
Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起义
Kuomintang 国民党
Unwavering revolutionary faith 坚定不移的革命信念
Seeking truth from facts 实事求是
Relying on the Masses 依靠群众
The mass line 群众路线
Land revolution 土地革命
Rural revolutionary committees 农村革命委员会
Workers' movement committees 工人运动委员会
The defense of Jinggang Mountain 井冈山保卫战

==References==
纪元.党史中的地名：井冈山.中国时政，2021.10
杨世萌.井冈山精神及其当代价值研究.世纪桥，2024.10
史全伟.伟大实践孕育井冈山精神[N].中国青年报，2021-07-23（4）
郭少华，肖发生.习近平对井冈山精神科学内涵的新阐释[J].井冈山大学学报（社会科学版），2020，41（5）：29-34.
井冈山精神，中国知网：https://www.cnki.net
井冈山，百度百科：baidu.com

==Question==
1. Where is the geographical location of Jinggang Mountain?
2. Why is Jinggang Mountain called the "Cradle of the Revolution"?
3. What are the five core elements of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?
4. What did the establishment of the Jinggang Mountain revolutionary base signify?
5. What revolutionary strategies did Mao Zedong implement in the Jinggang Mountain area?
6. Why is relying on the masses an important weapon of the Jinggang Mountain Spirit?

==AI statement==
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

==Chinese translation==

概览
井冈山，地处江西省西南部，湘赣两省交界的罗霄山脉中段，古有“郴衡湘赣之交，千里罗霄之腹”之称。由于这里四面环山，地形好像一口井，旁边又有一条小溪流过，迁徙至此的广东客家人称溪为“江”，便把旁边的山叫“井江山”，村子也就叫做“井江山村”。又因客家口音“江”与“冈”同音，天长日久，人们就称之为“井冈山”了。
井冈山是革命的摇篮。井冈山革命根据地的建立，点燃了工农武装割据的星星之火，翻开了中国革命的新篇章，孕育形成了宝贵的井冈山精神，也留下了一大批经典红色故事和100多处革命旧址。自此，中国共产党逐步走向成熟，找到了正确的革命道路，实现了马克思主义中国化的伟大开篇，为党领导人民创造中国奇迹奠定了基础。2016年2月，习近平总书记考察江西时指出，“井冈山时期留给我们最为宝贵的财富就是跨越时空的井冈山精神。”“我们要结合新的时代条件，坚持坚定执着追理想、实事求是闯新路、艰苦奋斗攻难关、依靠群众求胜利，让井冈山精神放射出新的时代光芒。”

井冈山的历史

井冈山是一个山峰不高、地势险峻的山区，地处湖南、江西和广东三省交界处。在清朝时期，井冈山地区属于湖南省永州府、江西省吉安府和广东省韶州府的交界地带，是一个地理位置十分重要的区域。在清朝末年，由于外国列强的侵略和清政府的腐败无能，中国社会处于动荡不安的状态，各种民间反抗运动此起彼伏。井冈山地区也不例外，当地农民和矿工经常发生反抗土地贵族和官府的斗争，形成了一种具有强烈革命性质的民间运动。
1927年春天，毛泽东率领的秋收起义部队在湖南平江县一带发动起义，但不久被国民党军队击败。1927年10月，毛泽东等人被迫离开湖南，逃到了江西井冈山一带，创建以宁冈县为中心的中国第一个农村革命根据地——井冈山革命根据地，建立兰花坪。开辟了“以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权”的具有中国特色的革命道路，从此鲜为人知的井冈山被载入中国革命历史的光荣史册。当时的井冈山地区处于国民党军队的封锁和围剿之中，毛泽东等人的生活和行动都十分困难。但是，毛泽东并没有放弃革命的信念，他积极组织群众，开展游击战争，逐渐巩固了在井冈山地区的革命根据地。
在毛泽东的领导下，井冈山地区的革命力量逐渐壮大。他们在当地群众的支持下，开展了土地革命和反帝反封建的斗争，建立了一套完整的革命政权和军事组织，形成了井冈山革命根据地。井冈山革命根据地是中国共产党在南方地区的第一个较大的革命根据地，它的建立标志着中国共产党在南方地区的革命事业迈出了重要的一步。
在井冈山革命根据地的基础上，毛泽东逐渐发展了一支强大的游击队，并建立了一套完整的革命军事组织。他们通过游击战争，不断地打击国民党军队和地主武装，扩大了革命根据地的影响范围。同时，他们还积极开展群众工作，组织群众建立了农村革命委员会和工人运动委员会等群众组织，实现了对当地群众的全面领导。
1930年，国民党军队对井冈山革命根据地发动了大规模的围剿，井冈山革命根据地陷入了危机之中。毛泽东等革命领袖在极其困难的情况下，组织了井冈山保卫战，最终击退了国民党军队的进攻。井冈山保卫战是中国革命史上的一次重要战役，它标志着井冈山革命根据地的巩固和发展，也展示了中国共产党人顽强不屈的革命精神。

井冈山精神

井冈山精神是红色革命精神之一，诞生于土地革命时期的井冈山根据地。井冈山精神的内涵可以用五句话来概括：一是坚定不移的革命信念。二是坚持党的绝对领导。三是密切联系人民群众的思想作风。四是一切从实际出发的思想路线。五是艰苦奋斗的作风。
（一）坚定执着追理想是井冈山精神的灵魂
理想信念，是一个人的精神支柱，也是一个政党和一个国家的精神支柱。“‘坚定信念’，强调的是共产党人必备的思想素养，它是衡量党员干部思想是否合格的显著标志”。正是这种信念的坚守联结了中国共产党人和广大人民群众的内心，形成了血肉相依的密切关系，铸牢了井冈山精神的灵魂。
（二）实事求是闯新路是井冈山精神的核心
实事求是是马克思主义的根本观点，也是毛泽东思想的精髓。在井冈山斗争时期里，面对国民党反动派一次又一次的军事进攻，我党领导红军实行的“分兵以发动群众，集中以应付敌人”，以及“敌进我退、敌驻我扰、敌疲我打、敌退我追”等战略战术原则，给敌人以沉重打击，逐步取得战斗胜利。我党用实际行动表明这些虽然是在书上找不到的战术，却是红军行之有效的策略，彰显了从实际出发、实事求是的科学精神。
（三）艰苦奋斗攻难关是井冈山精神的基石
“自力更生，艰苦奋斗”是中国共产党的优良传统，也是中国共产党人的政治本色。1928 年，根据地种植的粮食终于获得了大丰收，但是食盐、布匹、药品的缺乏，依然是困扰红军的大问题，为此中国共产党带领军民用老墙上的土熬成硝盐，到山上采集草药，还用简陋的工具制成简单的武器用来缓解当时的物资缺乏情况，在困境中求生存。中国共产党人自力更生、艰苦奋斗的革命精神铸成了井冈山精神的伟大基石。
（四）依靠群众求胜利是井冈山精神的重要法宝
马克思主义群众观认为人民群众是历史的创造者。群众路线，就是一切为了人民、一切依靠人民。由于井冈山革命根据地地形复杂，克服艰难困苦的自然条件，抵御敌人的层层进攻，这一切都离不开人民群众的帮助与支持。我党正是因为有着与人民群众的血肉联系，坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民的人民观，才能在革命斗争中取得一次次的胜利。

问题

1. 井冈山的地理位置在哪里？
2. 为什么井冈山被称为“革命的摇篮”？
3. 井冈山精神的五个核心内容是什么？
4. 井冈山革命根据地的建立标志着什么？
5. 毛泽东在井冈山地区采取了哪些革命策略？
6. 为什么依靠群众是井冈山精神的重要法宝？

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Chen Kuanshun: /* Nov 7,2024 */

My name is Chen Kuanshun, from Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province. I was born on October 25, 2000 and I am 24 years old. My major is Korean translation. It's great to meet everyone.
==Nov 7,2024==
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Chinese Language and Culture 2024

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Chen Kuanshun: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Long Jiayu
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)

6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Tourism:"Special Forces" Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne)

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica)

45. Velvet flowers(绒花）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.oilpaper umbrella(油纸伞）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）

52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917
（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-10-09T14:53:11Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Long Jiayu
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)

6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Tourism:"Special Forces" Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne)

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica)

45. Velvet flowers(绒花）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.oilpaper umbrella(油纸伞）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917
（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]

File:Tea-pickingOpera 2024.pdf

2024-10-09T14:11:35Z

Chen Kuanshun:

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-10-09T13:14:02Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35 */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)

6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Tourism:"Special Forces" Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne)

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica)

45. Velvet flowers(绒花）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.oilpaper umbrella(油纸伞）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917
（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T14:44:56Z

Chen Kuanshun: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Estrella/Tang Xinyan)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019.

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=