https://bou.de/u/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Chen+KunChina Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-04T11:33:49ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145887Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T10:49:36Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.<br />
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1.Natural Currency to Artificial Currency<br />
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Natural currency is replaced by currency made by human beings. The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. With the development of economy, such kind of currency couldn't satisfy people's needs of exchanging things. Chinese started to make money by themselves instead of relying on the natural currency(Cowry shells). This currency broadened, Cowry shells were replaced totally.<br />
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2.Haphazard Shape to Unified Shape<br />
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From the advent of bronze coins in the Shang dynasty until the Warring States period, China had many shapes of currency. During the Warring States period not only did countries mint their own currency, but also various regions within a vassal state. The famous are the shovel coins of Zhao, the knife coins of Qi, the round square-hole coins of Qin and the ant-nose coins of Chu.<br />
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Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper currency was invented in China in the 9th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.<br />
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3.Local to Central Minted Coins<br />
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At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the counties were allowed to mint money freely, causing confusion over the currency. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu withdrew the right to mint coins from the counties, and the central government unified the minting of the five baht coin, which became the only legal currency at the time. This established the central government's unified management of coin minting and issuance.<br />
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4.Paper Weights to Tung Bao and Yuan Bao<br />
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The coins minted since the Qin and Han dynasties were usually clearly marked with the weight of the money in the text, such as "half tael", "five baht", etc. (twenty-four baht is one tael). In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (621), Li Yuan decided to reform the coinage system, abolishing the ancient coins of different weights and taking the meaning of "opening up a new era" and casting the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a reversal of the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, with no weight written on the coin, which is the evolution of Chinese ancient currency from paper weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is Chinese earliest Tongbao money. After this copper money no longer use the money mark weight, all to Tongbao, Yuanbao, it has been used to the Xinhai Revolution after the "Republic of Tongbao".<br />
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5.Metal Money to Paper Money "Jiaozi"<br />
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During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. When Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, 800,000 Guan of coins were minted annually, which gradually increased later. Because of the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government to make up for the shortage of copper money, in some areas to cast a large number of iron money. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the cast iron money in Sichuan at that time weighed as much as 25 catties and 8 taels. The emergence of "Jiaozi" was an important evolution from metal money to paper money in the history of ancient money.<br />
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6.Modern Chinese Currency<br />
Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.<br />
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With the development of the Internet and globalization, the renminbi is gradually partly replaced by the artificial money.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
'''Brief Introduction'''<br />
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WangShouren (1472-1529), originally known as Wang Yun, also named Wang Yangming, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang was the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of Nanjing Ministry of officials.Wang Shouren was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in the Ming Dynasty.<br />
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In 1499, he was admitted as a jinshi and served as the minister of punishment. He was appointed as the yicheng of Longchang in Guizhou, the county magistrate of Luling, the imperial censor of Youjin capital, the grand coordinators of southern Jiangxi provinces, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the imperial censor of left capital in his political career. He successively pacified the banditry and chaos of southern and Jiangxi provinces, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the chaos of Zhu Chenhao, and was granted the title of new earl. He became one of the three literary ministers who won the title of nobility by virtue of military exploit in the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1529，at the age of 57. <br />
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The basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui improved, and Wang Shouren integrated. Wang Shouren's Yangming School of mind was later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. Its disciples are numerous and are known as "Yaojiang school" in the world. His article is broad and prosperous, and there is a free and easy spirit between the lines. His Complete Works of Duke Wang Wencheng was handed down from generation to generation.<br />
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'''Longchang Enlightment'''<br />
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In the winter of 1506, the eunuch Liu Jin was in charge of political affairs, and arrested more than 20 people for no reason, including the imperial censor of Nanjing. WangShouren was angry with Liu Jin for his wrongdoing of innocent people. He was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 miles northwest of Guiyang) as the manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father, Wang Hua, was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the position of minister of Nanjing.<br />
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During the journey, WangShouren was hunted by Liu Jin, and he forged a diving suicide to avoid being robbed. WangShouren escaped the hunt and secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court has appointed you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set out on his way to Longchang, Guizhou, where "thousands of mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together". At that time, Longchang was still an uncivilized area. WangShouren was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to their customs and was supported by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. WangShouren realized that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from it are wrong." During this period, he wrote "dogma to show all the students in the Longchang", which is called "Longchang Enlightenment" in history.<br />
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'''Unity of Knowledge and Practice'''<br />
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In 1508, WangShouren, the master of philosophy of the mind, gave a lecture at Guiyang Civilization Academy, and put forward the theory of unity of knowledge and Practice for the first time. The so-called "unity of knowledge and practice" is not the relationship between general knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and ideology. "Practice" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical action. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and practice refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some ideas and practical actions. WangShouren's thought of "unity of knowledge and action" includes the following two meanings.<br />
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1. There is practice in knowledge, and there is knowledge in practice. WangShouren believes that practice and knowledge is one thing and cannot be divided into two parts. "Practice and knowledge are two words,but be mentioned at the same time". From the perspective of moral education, WangShouren strongly opposes the disconnection between knowledge and practice and "knowledge but not practice" in moral education, and prominently attributes all morality to the conscious practice of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness is inseparable from moral behavior, and moral behavior is inseparable from moral consciousness. The two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge must be manifested as practice, and failure to do so cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral cognition and moral consciousness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not practice, we cannot be regarded as attaining true knowledge. WangShouren believes that conscience can do nothing but practice consciously, that is, knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.<br />
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2. Knowing is practicing, knowing decides practicing. WangShouren said ,"knowledge is the idea of practice, practicing is the process of knowing; knowing is the beginning of practicing, and practice is the accomplishment of knowledge". It means that morality is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting according to the requirements of morality is the time to reach "conscience". The idea activity under the guidance of morality is the beginning of behavior, and the behavior conforming to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience".<br />
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'''Achievements'''<br />
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WangShouren opposes regarding Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as unchanging commandments, and opposes blindly obeying feudal ethics. Instead, he emphasizes personal initiative. The philosophical proposition of "bringing conscience" and the methodology of "unity of knowledge and practice" put forward by him have the significance of breaking through the feudalistic ideas and calling for the liberation of thought and personality. Wang Shouren received a wide range of disciples to publicize his ideas, which was known as "Yangming school" (also known as "Yaojiang school"). His works, including 38 volumes of the Complete Works of Duke Wang Wencheng , were appraised by the academic circles as the earliest enlightenment philosophy in the late feudal medieval society of China. <br />
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In terms of calligraphy, WangShouRen's calligraphic works are mainly cursive. His calligraphy was mainly based on Wang Xizhi, and also on the bone techniques of Ouyang Xun and Huang Tingjian. He integrated the philosophy of the mind into calligraphy, which enriched Chinese calligraphy theory.<br />
His main works are "University Questions", " Complete Works of Duke Wang Wencheng" and "Chuanxilu ". His works are included in the History of the Ming Dynasty and The Finest of Ancient Prose.<br />
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'''Terms and Expressions'''<br />
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1.jinshi进士<br />
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2.minister of punishment刑部尚书<br />
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3.yicheng of Guizhou Longchang贵州龙场驿丞<br />
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4.magistrate of a county知县<br />
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5.the imperial censor of Youjin capital右佥都御史<br />
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6.grand coordinators巡抚<br />
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7.governor总督；明初在用兵时派往地方巡视监察的官员;清朝始正式成为地方最高长官,一般管辖两省的军事和政治,也有管三省或只管一省的<br />
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8.the minister of Nanjing Military Department南京兵部尚书<br />
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9.pacify平定<br />
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10.banditry土匪行为(或活动)<br />
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11.Zhu Chenhao朱宸濠<br />
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12.new earl新建伯<br />
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13.literary minister文臣<br />
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14.military exploit军功<br />
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15.Chen Xianzhang陈献章<br />
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16.Zhan Ruoshui湛若水<br />
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17.Yaojiang school姚江学派,即阳明学派(明朝中晚期的主流学说)<br />
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18.Longchang Enlightment龙场悟道<br />
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19.Liu Jin刘瑾<br />
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20.take office上任<br />
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21.University《大学》<br />
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22.unity of knowledge and practice知行合一<br />
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23.Guiyang Civilization Academy贵阳文明学院<br />
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24.Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius孔孟之道<br />
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25.Complete Works of Duke Wang Wencheng《王文成公全书》<br />
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26.Wang Xizhi王羲之<br />
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27.Ouyang Xun欧阳询<br />
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28.Huang Tingjian黄庭坚<br />
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29.University Questions《大学问》<br />
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30.Chuanxilu《传习录》<br />
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31.History of the Ming Dynasty《明史》<br />
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32.The Finest of Ancient Prose《古文观止》<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1. What is the basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty?<br />
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2. Where did Wang Shouren comprehend the philosophy of mind?<br />
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3. What theory did WangShouren put forward when he gave lectures in Guiyang?<br />
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4. What does WangShouRen think is the relationship between knowledge and action?<br />
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5. What is the historical significance of the unity of knowledge and action?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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1. 王阳明, 《传习录》;中州古籍出版社2008年1月<br />
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2. 《明史》 列传第八十三 王守仁传,国学网[引用日期2014-01-21]<br />
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3. 当年明月．《明朝那些事儿》：浙江人民出版社，2011年11月第1版<br />
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4. 杨嵘 编著．《王阳明大全集》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2011年<br />
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5. 余姚历史人物——四大先贤 ．浙江在线[引用日期2020-08-20]<br />
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6. 《王守仁》，中国网[引用日期2014-01-20]<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
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Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
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'''Origin'''<br />
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Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
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During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
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In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
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In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
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In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
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After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
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Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
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'''Classification'''<br />
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1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
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Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
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the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
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Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
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2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
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3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
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'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
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1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
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2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
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3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
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'''Significance of content'''<br />
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Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
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2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
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3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
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4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
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•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
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•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
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•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
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'''Introduction''' <br />
<br />
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
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Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
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'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
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Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
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'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
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<br />
https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
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Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
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'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
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In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
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'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
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'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
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The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
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The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
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The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
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The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
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The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
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Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
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Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
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Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
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Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Deyunshe 德云社<br />
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Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
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Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
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Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
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Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
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Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
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Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
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Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
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Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
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The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
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Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
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Xiangua 现挂<br />
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Dougen 逗哏<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
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2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
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3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
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4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
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5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
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''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
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Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
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'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
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In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
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Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
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Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
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jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
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'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
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Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
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'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
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Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
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'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
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There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
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'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
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'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
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Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
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'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
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'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
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The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
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The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
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[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
<br />
[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
<br />
Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
<br />
Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
<br />
Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
<br />
Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
<br />
egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
<br />
Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
<br />
jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
<br />
momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Question'''<br />
<br />
1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
<br />
2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
<br />
3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
===History===<br />
<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Lu Ban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
<br />
===Basic production process===<br />
<br />
The production process and required procedures are different in each region. However, in general, they can be divided into four main steps:<br />
1.Bamboo is selected.<br />
2.The bamboo is crafted and soaked in water. It is then dried in the sun, drilled, threaded and assembled into a skeleton.<br />
3.Washi paper is cut and glued onto the skeleton. It is trimmed, oiled, and exposed to sunlight.<br />
4.Lastly, patterns are painted onto the umbrella.<br />
<br />
===Oil-paper umbrella in customs and cultural ceremonies===<br />
<br />
====Hakka marriage and bride dowry====<br />
<br />
In traditional Hakka marriages, the bride's parents must pay dowry to the husband's family, in which oil-paper umbrella is one of the required dowries. "纸" (Paper) is a homonym for "子" (sons) in Chinese, for the connotation of having sons early. The character "傘" (umbrella), contains five "人" (man) with the connotation of many sons and grandsons. Oil-paper umbrella is straight up, with the symbol to eradicate evil spirits. The circular appearance symbolizes "fullness" connotation of a beautiful marriage. And since the umbrella itself can shield rain and the wind, thus prohibiting evil spirits from entering in. Other dowries that come with the oil-paper umbrella include five colored pants, make up the table, door curtain, and boxes. In wealthier families, dowries could include god and jewelry or high-quality cloth or blankets. In addition, bride family would give vegetables that have homonym with positive words such as 芹菜, 大蒜, 香葱, 韭菜 that are then tied with red rope given as gifts to the husband's family. <br />
<br />
====Hakka second burial funerals====<br />
<br />
Since many of the Hakka populations are in the mountainous areas of China, most corpses are buried on the mountains. Initially, Hakka people do not put up a gravestone, however, after the second time the corpse is buried (usually 3–5 years later), the additional grander ceremony is added. When buying, usually in the eighth month of the Chinese calendar, an experienced burial master is hired to dig the old burial and enter the clean bones for an official and permanent burial at the exact spot. The oil-paper umbrella is used to cover the bones while they are being cleaned.<br />
<br />
====Hakka dance ceremony====<br />
<br />
"Umbrella Dance" is one of the traditional dances of the Hakka culture, during the ceremony, the dancer must be holding a paper umbrella and wearing a blue shirt (traditional Hakka Clothing). Hakka Dance Ceremony is an important part of the Hakka Culture along with "tea leaf drama" and "mountain song".<br />
<br />
====Engagement present of the Yao people====<br />
<br />
In the population of Yao located in Longhui County of Hunan, oil-paper umbrella is used as an engagement present by the men side. When a consensus is built between the two families, the family of the man's side would hire an experienced man to propose a marriage in the woman's house. The first propose does not require any gift but only the permission of the parents of the bride. During the day of engagement, the man's side needs to bring an oil-paper umbrella to the woman's house and place it on the sacred table located in the house; the bride must take the umbrella from the table personally and close the umbrella that is stitched with 12 triangles. Then the experienced man must bring the oil-paper umbrella back to the husband's house for the proof of a successful engagement. On the way back, the experienced man must not open the umbrella himself. If a divorce is made later, the husband must return the string on the stitch back to the bride.<br />
<br />
====Funerals of the Dai people====<br />
<br />
Dai people located in Yunnan use a special type of paper called "嘎拉沙" (Garcia) to make oil-paper umbrella, which is brushed with sesame oil. The Dai believe that the umbrella could lead the dead to heaven. This type of umbrella is still available in a village today.<br />
<br />
===Oil-paper umbrellas in China===<br />
<br />
The art of the Chinese style of oil-paper umbrellas are mostly focused on traditional black and white Chinese painting such as flowers, birds, and scenery. Others include scenes from famous Chinese literature, such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Romance of the Western Chamber. Yet, some have Chinese calligraphy instead of paintings. However, traditional colors are kept on the sticks and the scaffold of the umbrella to maintain the antiquity.<br />
<br />
====Yuhang, Zhejiang====<br />
<br />
In Yuhang District, Zhejiang, oil-paper umbrellas have been produced since the era of the Qianlong Emperor (1769), by Dong Wenyuan, who owned an umbrella shop. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are made with high mechanical skills and top materials, which provide their endurance. Prolonged exposure to sunlight and rain does no damage, thus their popularity among common people. Many travelers who passed through Yuan would buy umbrellas from Dong Wenyuan's umbrella shop as souvenirs for friends and relatives. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are available in a variety of different types and purposes, including those used for fishing or as collectibles.<br />
<br />
In 1951, Zhejiang province has chosen Yuhang as the focused point of the industrial artifact for oil-paper umbrellas and initiated a group for this establishment in 1952. The later established "Artifact Rain Umbrella Industry Co-operations" was the first industry of artifacts in Zhejiang province. This establishment was once in the spotlight of the Chinese media, however, as the popular metallic umbrella appeared on the market and oil-paper umbrellas have faced extinction.<br />
<br />
On December 5, 2006, artisan Liu Youquan met a government official of the Yuhang district and proposed to recover the oil-paper umbrella in Yuhan, with the intention of starting a new pop culture trend and increase local wealth. Liu spent a few hundred RMB and bought some dozens of the bamboo umbrella from a bamboo umbrella factory. But Liu did not have the skills, only to keep these as a "canvas" for 30 some years. A local media reported for a search of an oil-paper umbrella artisan and increased local awareness. Four days later, four artisans: Fang Jinquan, Chen Yue Xiang, Shen Lihua, and Sun Shuigen prompted and have intentions to recover the art (drawing oil paintings on the bamboo umbrella). They have passed their skills and technique to some local bamboo farmers and brought income to them. The governmental officials of Yuhang have listed this art for major protection and important antique artifact (Antiquities Act[1]).<br />
<br />
Production requires skilled hands and technique as well as personal experience. Training to become a master in oil-paper umbrella manufacture requires an apprenticeship and a great deal of practice. Apprentices must practice the skills for three years to officially master this technique. Tools are made by professional blacksmiths. The material of the umbrellas is chosen with care. The umbrella scaffold is made from either bamboo or wood, tied with hair strings. The best umbrellas are made from peach flowers, as the umbrella surface is soaked in persimmon pigment. The persimmon pigment is made from fermenting the juice of green persimmons,[2] which provides a suitable stickiness. The soaked flower petals are stuck to the umbrella scaffold one by one. Paintings or pictures are drawn on the peach flower petals prior to painting tung oil on top. The finalized umbrella is left to dry in a dry dark room. It requires at least 70 steps to produce a well-crafted oil-paper umbrella.<br />
<br />
====Hunan====<br />
<br />
Oil-paper umbrellas in Changsha, Hunan province date back to about 100 years, the earliest oil-paper umbrella shop is 陶恒泰纸伞店, Which is named after Tao Jiqiao, who established the shop during the Qing dynasty.<br />
<br />
In 1900, Liang Jingting, who worked in an umbrella shop in Changsha opened his own umbrella shop called the Lianghongfa San. It produces the old type of oil, black ink umbrella. The beautiful name Xiangtan Muji Jing Gang You San is attributed to its fine features and endurance. In 1921, the Pan Kuiqing (潘馈清) brothers started a factory called Feifei San (菲菲伞) that mass-produces umbrella skin paper. The umbrella skin it produced included traditional flowered ones and many other pictures, these umbrellas were exported to Hong Kong, Macau and South East Asia. The umbrella was awarded in a Chinese exhibition in 1929. The highest production rate was thirty thousand per year, until February 1975 when Jing Gang Yusan She(靖港雨伞社; jìng gǎng yǔsǎn shè) was abolished, and Taohengmao (陶恒茂) oil-paper umbrella production was terminated.<br />
<br />
The raw materials of the Changsha oil-paper umbrella are skin paper, bamboo, cotton silk, rope, tung oil, persimmon water, pigment, cow horn, and wood. The umbrellas produced by Taohengmao are especially fine-featured and commit to abide by the traditional production methods with strict materials.<br />
<br />
====Taiwan====<br />
<br />
Oil-paper umbrella production in Meinong initiation has two rumors.One was that it started during the Japanese rule, during which, Lin Agui and Wu Zhenxing invited oil-paper umbrella artisans from mainland China to Taiwan for the purpose of passing the skills to the locals.The other was that oil-paper umbrella artisan Guo (郭玉琴) have arrived in Taiwan from Guangdong province. Since then, he had permanently stayed in the Meinong district and spread the skills locally. Early Meinong oil-paper umbrella factor was called "廣" (pronounced "Young") for connotations of wealth, wide and progression. In 1960, oil-paper umbrella, tobacco leaves, and rice were Meinong district's major income sources. At that time, it was the renaissance of oil-paper umbrella. It was estimated that there were at least twenty factories producing twenty thousand oil-paper umbrellas annually. However, with the rapid industrialization in Taiwan, mechanically produced Western umbrellas have replaced them in attribute to low cost, longevity, and portability. Taiwan has become the key country of Western umbrella production and forced many traditional handmade oil-paper umbrella factories out of business.<br />
<br />
In 1970, an English journal used the Goung (广进胜) oil-paper umbrella pioneer, Lin Xianglin and his umbrella as the magazine cover, along with a detailed article on the culture and production of oil-paper umbrella. BBC have also included a series of recording of the oil-paper umbrella called the "Long Search". In addition, 1983, famous Hakka movie producer, Lin Fu-De, have incorporated the oil-paper umbrella into his drama, Star Knows My Heart. When the drama was played in the Japanese television, Taiwanese oil-paper umbrella gained impression in the Japanese, who have ordered a large quantity for imports. After 1980, with the increase of Taiwan overall financial status, Meinong's increased tourism, oil-paper umbrella have recovered its utility in the daily life along with its value as a local culture and travel souvenir.<br />
<br />
===Oil-paper umbrellas in foreign countries===<br />
<br />
====Japan====<br />
<br />
Oil-paper umbrellas are often known in Japanese as wagasa, and these with a bull's-eye design are called janomegasa. The handle and scaffold are often colored black, however, sometimes other colors are applied as well. The surface paintings include traditional Japanese culture, gained popularity from the Azuchi–Momoyama period to Edo period.<br />
<br />
====Tailand====<br />
<br />
Oil-paper umbrella art in the Northern Thailand, or Chiang Mai dates back to around two hundred years. The umbrella scaffold is made from green bamboo sticks, the colors and images are abundant including pictures of scenery, animals, people and flowers. The umbrella surfaces can have a square shape in addition to the traditional circular one. Oil-paper umbrellas in Thailand have unique features, which often entice tourists to buy them. Of the several types, the most famous are the ones made in the Bo Sang village. Most farmers produce oil-paper umbrellas during their free time in specialized factories.<br />
<br />
===References===<br />
<br />
1. The Antiquities Act of 1906 (Pub.L. 59–209, 34 Stat. 225, 54 U.S.C. §§ 320301–320303), is an act that was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by Theodore Roosevelt on June 8, 1906. <br />
<br />
2."Hiromi Paper International". hiromipaper.com.<br />
<br />
===Terms===<br />
<br />
1.Yun:云氏<br />
<br />
2.Lu Ban:鲁班<br />
<br />
3.Washi:和纸<br />
<br />
4.Hakka:客家人<br />
<br />
5."Artifact Rain Umbrella Industry Co-operations":雨伞手工业合作社<br />
<br />
6.Lianghongfa San:梁宏发伞<br />
<br />
7.Xiangtan Muji Jing Gang You San:湘潭木屐 靖港油伞<br />
<br />
8.wagasa:(Japanese)和伞, "Japanese umbrella"<br />
<br />
9.janomegasa:(Japanese)蛇の目伞, "snake-eye umbrella"<br />
<br />
===Questions===<br />
<br />
1.What did people in Song Dynasty commonly call the oil-paper umbrella?<br />
<br />
2.What are the general production procedures of oil-paper umbrellas?<br />
<br />
3.Why do Dai People use oil-paper umbrellas in funerals?<br />
<br />
4.What is wagasa?<br />
<br />
===Answers===<br />
<br />
1.It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella".<br />
<br />
2.First, bamboo is selected.Then, the bamboo is crafted and soaked in water. It is then dried in the sun, drilled, threaded and assembled into a skeleton. Next, Washi paper is cut and glued onto the skeleton. It is trimmed, oiled, and exposed to sunlight. Lastly, patterns are painted onto the umbrella.<br />
<br />
3.Because the Dai believe that the umbrella could lead the dead to heaven.<br />
<br />
4.Oil-paper umbrellas are often known in Japanese as wagasa.<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
<br />
'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
<br />
The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
<br />
'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
<br />
Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
<br />
'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
<br />
The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
<br />
1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
<br />
2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
<br />
3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
<br />
4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
<br />
5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
<br />
'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
<br />
1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
<br />
2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
<br />
Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
<br />
3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
<br />
His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
<br />
4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
<br />
His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
<br />
'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
<br />
"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
<br />
'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
<br />
"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
<br />
[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
<br />
1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
<br />
2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.Construction<br />
<br />
The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
<br />
The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
<br />
4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
<br />
5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
<br />
Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
<br />
The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
<br />
'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
<br />
The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
<br />
Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
<br />
Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
<br />
Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
<br />
'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
<br />
The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
<br />
'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
<br />
1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
<br />
In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
<br />
2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
<br />
Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
<br />
3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
<br />
The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
<br />
4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
<br />
Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
<br />
5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
<br />
Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
<br />
'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
<br />
'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
<br />
First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
<br />
[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
<br />
2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
<br />
In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
<br />
3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
<br />
4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
<br />
Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
<br />
China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
<br />
1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
<br />
Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
<br />
Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
<br />
3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
<br />
Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
<br />
4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
<br />
Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
<br />
Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
<br />
5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
<br />
Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
<br />
6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
<br />
Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
<br />
7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
<br />
Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
<br />
8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
<br />
Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
<br />
<br />
9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
<br />
Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
<br />
10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
<br />
11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
<br />
12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
<br />
13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
<br />
<br />
14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
<br />
15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
<br />
16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
<br />
17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
<br />
Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
<br />
37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
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18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
<br />
Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
<br />
19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
<br />
Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
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20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
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Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
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Origin<br />
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The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
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Development<br />
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Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
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Costume<br />
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Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
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Artistic features<br />
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The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
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Tune<br />
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Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
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The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
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The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
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Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
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Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
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Classical Works<br />
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Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
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1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
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Introductions on Lion dance <br />
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The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
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The Origin of Lions<br />
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Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
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The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
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Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
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The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
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The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
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First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
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Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
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The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
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(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
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(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
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(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
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Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
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Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
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(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
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(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
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(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
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(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
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Terms:<br />
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Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
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References:<br />
<br />
中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
<br />
'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
<br />
'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
<br />
'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
<br />
In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
<br />
In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
<br />
With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
<br />
'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
<br />
1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
<br />
In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<br />
Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
<br />
Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
<br />
'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
<br />
After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
<br />
1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
<br />
Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
<br />
In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
<br />
2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
<br />
After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
<br />
'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
<br />
Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
<br />
The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
<br />
The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
<br />
2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
<br />
Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
<br />
Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
<br />
Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
<br />
3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
<br />
Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
<br />
Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
<br />
4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
<br />
By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
<br />
The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
<br />
'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.Creating needs actively.<br />
<br />
Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
<br />
Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
<br />
2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
<br />
User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
<br />
3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
<br />
'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.The crisis of confidence<br />
<br />
Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
<br />
2.The problem of low quality<br />
<br />
Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
<br />
3.The damage of corporate image<br />
<br />
The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
<br />
'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
<br />
1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
<br />
After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
<br />
2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
<br />
If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
<br />
3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
<br />
Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
<br />
4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
<br />
5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
<br />
The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
1.百度百科<br />
<br />
2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
<br />
4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
<br />
5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
<br />
"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
<br />
Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
<br />
2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
<br />
3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
<br />
4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
<br />
5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
7.How to solve these problems?<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==<br />
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Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People<br />
<br />
The Tujia are a long-established ethnic group with their own language, but they do not have their own character and use the character of the Han. In October 1956, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission identified the Tujia as a single ethnic group through ethnic identification. The Tujia call themselves "Bizka（毕兹卡）", "Mikiqa（密基卡）" or "Bejinqa（贝锦卡）", which means "people born and raised in the land". Despite the fact that they do not have a written language, they still have their own cultural identity, especially in the form of marriage and burial customs.<br />
<br />
'''Marriage customs'''<br />
In the history of the Tujia, marriage was relatively free. A man and a woman could marry after free love, with the consent of both parents and the testimony of a Tujia teacher (wizard). On the 12th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, young men and women sang and danced, fell in love with each other and became lifelong partners.<br />
After the reform and conform, the Tujia were forced to carry out arranged marriages by parents and matchmakers. Before liberation, there was the custom of aunts and uncles marrying in table and house marriages. In the case of aunts and uncles, the marriage of an aunt's daughter must marry the son of an uncle's family, also known as "return the bone seed(Huan Guzhong 还骨种)"; brother received sister-in-law after the brother’s death, known as "sitting bed(坐床)". But now these customs have ceased to exist in modern times.<br />
After the nation’s liberation, the people's government promulgated a new marriage law, and since then, the Tujia people have truly enjoyed the happiness of marital autonomy. The marriage rituals of the Tujia family include "proofing（打样）", "marriage proposal（求婚）", "asking for red ginger（讨红庚）", "betrothal" （定亲）(commonly known as "inserting thatched incense"，插茅香), "seeing the date（看期）" and "welcoming the bride（亲迎）". This is similar to the six rites of the Han. The more characteristic marriage rituals are the accompanying of the ten sisters, the accompanying of the ten brothers and the weeping of the bride. As a unique wedding form of the Tujia wedding custom - crying marriage(哭嫁), in the Tujia settlement area for about two to three thousand years of history. According to the analysis of folklore experts, crying marriage is likely to be a matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society in the transition of the "bride snatching" customs of the remaining phenomenon. With the continuous progress of society, cry marriage has long lost the original meaning of bride kidnapping, but has become a traditional custom in the home life of the Tujia people to carry out ritual ethics and marriage education. In fact, it is not the bride alone who cries, but the collective cries of relatives within and outside the family, which is "familial". There are more than 20 procedures in the weeping marriage of the Tujia f, and for each item the bride cries, there are accompanying and opposite weepers. The weeping not only has a lot of content, but also has a long and strict procedure, which is "ceremonial".<br />
<br />
'''Burial Customs'''<br />
The connotation of Tujia funeral culture is rich, which is the attitude of people towards death, and the culture of different forms of funeral customs represents the composition of a nation's culture, which is a unique cultural phenomenon of Tujia. The way of Tujia funeral in the history of the first people to implement cremation, but also rock coffin burial（岩棺葬）, etc. The development of the Tujia funeral has formed a ritual with the characteristics of the nation.<br />
<br />
'''1.The Funeral Dance'''<br />
The funeral dance of the Tujia family has been recorded since the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Tujia people sing and dance wildly in front of the dead, which has become an important way to pay tribute to the dead and comfort the living. The mourning dance has not only its cultural connotation, but also its distinctive artistic characteristics, which are mainly reflected in the musical composition and the singing and movement of the dance.<br />
One of the most important steps of a funeral is Jumping mourning(跳丧).Jumping mourning is specifically when the neighbors in the neighborhood after the death of the elders, dark neighbors will go to this home for jumping mourning, the family of the deceased will vacate the place in advance as well as prepare the tobacco and wine. The coffin of the deceased is placed in the main hall, and then the cowry drum is placed in the wooden foot basin in front of the left side of the coffin. The mourning dance is led by the Taoist priest, and the eldest son holds the deceased father's or mother's spiritual tablet in his hands, leading dozens of mourning men and women to dance vigorously in the courtyard collapse, forming different formations during the dance.<br />
<br />
'''2.The Mourning Hall Singing'''<br />
The funeral form of the Tujia family is also the more important form of mourning and sitting mourning, also called mourning hall singing, which is only singing but not dancing mourning ceremony, sitting night may be several days and nights until the funeral and burial. During the sitting night, the mourning son sits around the pipe. The mourning son sits around the pipe and sings through one or two singers who beat the drums and say auspicious words, and then sings about the deceased's life experiences and achievements, including historical figures and historical allusions, by leading and helping the singers. This ritual song and dance was continued through the centuries, and the funeral song and dance became the main form of expression.<br />
<br />
'''3.Funeral Culture Connotations'''<br />
The mourning ceremony of the Tujia family has a distinct function of social edification and is passed on as a cultural phenomenon, mainly because it has a corresponding social function, and its function in expressing emotions is more significant. The descendants send the bones and souls of their ancestors to the Elysium, which is carried out in a rich jumping mourning, which can also be a great adjustment for the descendants' psychology to settle their souls. On the temporal as well as the spatial level, the selection of auspicious days for the funeral and the sending of the soul to the blissful world are all helpful to appease the soul of the descendants.<br />
<br />
'''Questions''' <br />
1. Do the Tujia have their own ethnic script?<br />
2. Was marriage free in the historical Tujia family?<br />
3. What are the marriage rites of the Tujia?<br />
4. What are the main artistic features of mourning?<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
［1］ 廖从刚.土家族婚俗中的哭嫁习俗.《寻根》,2005年.02期<br />
［2］ ［2］余继平 . 大悲之日 , 欢歌——土家族特殊的丧葬习俗［J］. 中华手工 ,2015 （02）.<br />
［3］ 关于武陵山区土家族葬礼文化探究 邵启富 53_54·《长江丛刊》,2018年.31期<br />
王刚 . 武陵山区土家族葬礼文化初 探［J］. 铜仁职业技术学院学报 ,2017（03）<br />
-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 07:20, 29 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145875Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T09:18:22Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.<br />
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1.Natural Currency to Artificial Currency<br />
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Natural currency is replaced by currency made by human beings. The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. With the development of economy, such kind of currency couldn't satisfy people's needs of exchanging things. Chinese started to make money by themselves instead of relying on the natural currency(Cowry shells). This currency broadened, Cowry shells were replaced totally.<br />
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2.Haphazard Shape to Unified Shape<br />
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From the advent of bronze coins in the Shang dynasty until the Warring States period, China had many shapes of currency. During the Warring States period not only did countries mint their own currency, but also various regions within a vassal state. The famous are the shovel coins of Zhao, the knife coins of Qi, the round square-hole coins of Qin and the ant-nose coins of Chu.<br />
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Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper currency was invented in China in the 9th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.<br />
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3.Local to Central Minted Coins<br />
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At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the counties were allowed to mint money freely, causing confusion over the currency. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu withdrew the right to mint coins from the counties, and the central government unified the minting of the five baht coin, which became the only legal currency at the time. This established the central government's unified management of coin minting and issuance.<br />
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4.Paper Weights to Tung Bao and Yuan Bao<br />
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The coins minted since the Qin and Han dynasties were usually clearly marked with the weight of the money in the text, such as "half tael", "five baht", etc. (twenty-four baht is one tael). In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (621), Li Yuan decided to reform the coinage system, abolishing the ancient coins of different weights and taking the meaning of "opening up a new era" and casting the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a reversal of the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, with no weight written on the coin, which is the evolution of Chinese ancient currency from paper weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is Chinese earliest Tongbao money. After this copper money no longer use the money mark weight, all to Tongbao, Yuanbao, it has been used to the Xinhai Revolution after the "Republic of Tongbao".<br />
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5.Metal Money to Paper Money "Jiaozi"<br />
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During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. When Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, 800,000 Guan of coins were minted annually, which gradually increased later. Because of the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government to make up for the shortage of copper money, in some areas to cast a large number of iron money. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the cast iron money in Sichuan at that time weighed as much as 25 catties and 8 taels. The emergence of "Jiaozi" was an important evolution from metal money to paper money in the history of ancient money.<br />
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6.Modern Chinese Currency<br />
Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.<br />
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With the development of the Internet and globalization, the renminbi is gradually partly replaced by the artificial money.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
'''Brief Introduction'''<br />
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WangShouren (1472-1529), originally known as Wang Yun, also named Wang Yangming, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang was the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of Nanjing Ministry of officials.Wang Shouren was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in the Ming Dynasty.<br />
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In 1499, he was admitted as a jinshi and served as the minister of punishment. He was appointed as the yicheng of Longchang in Guizhou, the county magistrate of Luling, the imperial censor of Youjin capital, the grand coordinators of southern Jiangxi provinces, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the imperial censor of left capital in his political career. He successively pacified the banditry and chaos of southern and Jiangxi provinces, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the chaos of Zhu Chenhao, and was granted the title of new earl. He became one of the three literary ministers who won the title of nobility by virtue of military exploit in the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1529，at the age of 57. <br />
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The basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui improved, and Wang Shouren integrated. Wang Shouren's Yangming School of mind was later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. Its disciples are numerous and are known as "Yaojiang school" in the world. His article is broad and prosperous, and there is a free and easy spirit between the lines. His Complete Works of Wang Wenchenggong was handed down from generation to generation.<br />
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'''Longchang Enlightment'''<br />
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In the winter of 1506, eunuch Liu Jin was good at governing, and arrested more than 20 people, including Dai Mian, the imperial censor of Nanjing geishi. WangShouRen was angry with Liu Jin for his sparring talk about saving him. He was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 miles northwest of Guiyang, Xiuwen County Government) as the post manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father, Wang Hua, was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the position of minister of Nanjing.<br />
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During the journey, WangShouRen was chased and killed by Liu Jin, who forged a diving suicide to avoid being robbed. WangShouRen, who escaped the chase, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court has appointed you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set out on his way to Longchang, Guizhou, where "thousands of mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together". At that time, Longchang was still an uncivilized area. WangShouRen was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to their customs and was loved by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. WangShouRen realized that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from it are wrong.". During this period, he wrote "dogma to show all the students in the dragon field", which is called "dragon field enlightenment" in history.<br />
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'''知行合一'''<br />
In the third year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1508), WangShouRen, a master of mind learning, gave a lecture at Guiyang civilization academy, and put forward the theory of unity of knowledge and Practice for the first time. The so-called "unity of knowledge and practice" is not the relationship between general knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and ideology. "Practice" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical action. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and practice refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some ideas and practical actions. WangShouRen's thought of "unity of knowledge and action" includes the following two meanings.<br />
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1. There is action in knowing, and there is knowledge in doing. WangShouRen believes that knowing and doing is one thing and cannot be divided into two parts. "Knowing and doing are two words, saying one time". From the perspective of moral education, WangShouRen strongly opposes the disconnection between knowledge and practice and "knowledge but not practice" in moral education, and prominently attributes all morality to the conscious action of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness is inseparable from moral behavior, and moral behavior is inseparable from moral consciousness. The two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge must be manifested as action, and failure to do so cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral cognition and moral consciousness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not act, we cannot be regarded as true knowledge. WangShouRen believes that conscience can do nothing but act consciously, that is, knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.<br />
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2. Knowing is doing, knowing decides doing. WangShouRen said, "knowing is the idea of doing, doing is the time of knowing; knowing is the beginning of doing, and doing is the accomplishment of knowing". It means that morality is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting according to the requirements of morality is the time to reach "conscience". The idea activity under the guidance of morality is the beginning of behavior, and the behavior conforming to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience".<br />
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'''Achievements'''<br />
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WangShouRen opposes regarding Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as unchanging commandments, and opposes blindly obeying feudal ethics. Instead, he emphasizes personal initiative. The philosophical proposition of "bringing conscience" and the methodology of "unity of knowledge and action" put forward by him have the significance of breaking through the confinement of fengjiansi and calling for the liberation of thought and personality. Wang Yangming received a wide range of disciples to publicize his ideas, which was known as "Yangming school" (also known as "Yaojiang school"). His works, including 38 volumes of the complete works of wangchengwen Gong, were appraised by the academic circles as the earliest enlightenment philosophy in the late feudal medieval society of China. <br />
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In terms of calligraphy, WangShouRen's calligraphic works are mainly cursive. His calligraphy was mainly based on Wang Xizhi, and also on the bone techniques of ouyangxun and Huang Tingjian. He integrated mind learning into calligraphy, which enriched Chinese calligraphy theory.<br />
His main works are "University questions", "complete works of Wang Yangming" and "biography". His works are included in the history of the Ming Dynasty and the ancient prose.<br />
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'''Terms and Expressions'''<br />
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1. jinshi进士<br />
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2. minister of punishment刑部尚书<br />
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3. yicheng of Guizhou Longchang贵州龙场驿丞<br />
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4. magistrate of a county知县<br />
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5. the imperial censor of Youjin capital右佥都御史<br />
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6. grand coordinators巡抚<br />
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7. governor总督；明初在用兵时派往地方巡视监察的官员;清朝始正式成为地方最高长官,一般管辖两省的军事和政治,也有管三省或只管一省的<br />
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8. the minister of Nanjing Military Department南京兵部尚书<br />
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9. pacify平定<br />
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10. banditry土匪行为(或活动)<br />
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11. Zhu Chenhao朱宸濠<br />
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12. new earl新建伯<br />
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13. literary minister文臣<br />
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14. military exploit军功<br />
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15. Chen Xianzhang陈献章<br />
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16. Zhan Ruoshui湛若水<br />
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17. Yaojiang school姚江学派,即阳明学派(明朝中晚期的主流学说)<br />
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18. Longchang Enlightment龙场悟道<br />
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19. Liu Jin刘瑾<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1. What is the basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty?<br />
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2. Where did Wang Shouren comprehend the philosophy of mind?<br />
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3. What theory did WangShouren put forward when he gave lectures in Guiyang?<br />
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4. What does WangShouRen think is the relationship between knowledge and action?<br />
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5. What is the historical significance of the unity of knowledge and action?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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1. 王阳明, 《传习录》;中州古籍出版社2008年1月<br />
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2. 《明史》 列传第八十三 王守仁传,国学网[引用日期2014-01-21]<br />
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3. 当年明月．《明朝那些事儿》：浙江人民出版社，2011年11月第1版<br />
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4. 杨嵘 编著．《王阳明大全集》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2011年<br />
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5. 余姚历史人物——四大先贤 ．浙江在线[引用日期2020-08-20]<br />
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6. 《王守仁》，中国网[引用日期2014-01-20]<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
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Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
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'''Origin'''<br />
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Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
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During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
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In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
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In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
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In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
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After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
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Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
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'''Classification'''<br />
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1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
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Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
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the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
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Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
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2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
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3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
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'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
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1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
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2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
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3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
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'''Significance of content'''<br />
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Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
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2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
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3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
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4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
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•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
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•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
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•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
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'''Introduction''' <br />
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https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
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Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
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'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
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Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
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'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
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Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
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'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
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In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
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'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
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'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
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The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
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The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
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The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
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The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
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The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
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Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
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Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
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Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
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Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Deyunshe 德云社<br />
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Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
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Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
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Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
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Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
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Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
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Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
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Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
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Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
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The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
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Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
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Xiangua 现挂<br />
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Dougen 逗哏<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
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2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
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3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
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4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
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5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
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''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
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Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
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'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
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In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
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Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
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Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
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jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
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'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
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Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
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'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
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Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
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'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
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There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
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'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
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'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
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Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
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'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
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'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
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The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
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The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
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[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
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[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
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Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
<br />
Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
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Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
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Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
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egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
<br />
Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
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jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
<br />
momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Question'''<br />
<br />
1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
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2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
<br />
3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
===History===<br />
[[File:450px-Higasa_hikone.jpg]]<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Lu Ban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
<br />
'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
<br />
The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
<br />
'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
<br />
Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
<br />
'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
<br />
The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
<br />
1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
<br />
2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
<br />
3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
<br />
4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
<br />
5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
<br />
'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
<br />
1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
<br />
2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
<br />
Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
<br />
3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
<br />
His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
<br />
4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
<br />
His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
<br />
'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
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"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
<br />
'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
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"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
<br />
[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
<br />
1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
<br />
2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.Construction<br />
<br />
The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
<br />
The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
<br />
4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
<br />
5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
<br />
Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
<br />
The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
<br />
'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
<br />
The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
<br />
Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
<br />
Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
<br />
Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
<br />
'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
<br />
The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
<br />
'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
<br />
1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
<br />
In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
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2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
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Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
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3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
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The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
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4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
<br />
Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
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5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
<br />
Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
<br />
'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
<br />
'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
<br />
First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
<br />
[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
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2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
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In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
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3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
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4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
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Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
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Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
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Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
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China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
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1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
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Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
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2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
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Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
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3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
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Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
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4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
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Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
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Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
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5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
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Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
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6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
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Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
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7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
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Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
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8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
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Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
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9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
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Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
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10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
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11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
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Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
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12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
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Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
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13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
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Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
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14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
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15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
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16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
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17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
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Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
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37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
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18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
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Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
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19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
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20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
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Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
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Origin<br />
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The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
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Development<br />
<br />
Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
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Costume<br />
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Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
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Artistic features<br />
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The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
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Tune<br />
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Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
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The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
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The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
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Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
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Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
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Classical Works<br />
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Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
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1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
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Introductions on Lion dance <br />
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The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
<br />
The Origin of Lions<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
<br />
The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
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Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
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The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
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The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
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First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
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Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
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The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
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(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
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(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
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(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
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Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
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Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
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(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
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(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
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(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
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(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
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Terms:<br />
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Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
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References:<br />
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中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
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'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
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'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
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'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
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'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
<br />
'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
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With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
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In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
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In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
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With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
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'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
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1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
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'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
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China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
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In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
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Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
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Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
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'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
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After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
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1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
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Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
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In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
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2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
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After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
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'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
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Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
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Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
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The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
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The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
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2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
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Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
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Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
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Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
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3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
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Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
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Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
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4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
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By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
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The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
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'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.Creating needs actively.<br />
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Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
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Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
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2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
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User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
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3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
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'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.The crisis of confidence<br />
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Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
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2.The problem of low quality<br />
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Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
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3.The damage of corporate image<br />
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The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
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'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
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Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
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1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
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After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
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2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
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If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
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3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
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Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
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4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
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Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
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5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
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The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
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Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
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1.百度百科<br />
<br />
2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
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4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
<br />
5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
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"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
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Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
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2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
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3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
<br />
4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
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5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
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6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
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7.How to solve these problems?<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==<br />
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Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People<br />
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The Tujia are a long-established ethnic group with their own language, but they do not have their own character and use the character of the Han. In October 1956, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission identified the Tujia as a single ethnic group through ethnic identification. The Tujia call themselves "Bizka（毕兹卡）", "Mikiqa（密基卡）" or "Bejinqa（贝锦卡）", which means "people born and raised in the land". Despite the fact that they do not have a written language, they still have their own cultural identity, especially in the form of marriage and burial customs.<br />
<br />
'''Marriage customs'''<br />
In the history of the Tujia, marriage was relatively free. A man and a woman could marry after free love, with the consent of both parents and the testimony of a Tujia teacher (wizard). On the 12th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, young men and women sang and danced, fell in love with each other and became lifelong partners.<br />
After the reform and conform, the Tujia were forced to carry out arranged marriages by parents and matchmakers. Before liberation, there was the custom of aunts and uncles marrying in table and house marriages. In the case of aunts and uncles, the marriage of an aunt's daughter must marry the son of an uncle's family, also known as "return the bone seed(Huan Guzhong 还骨种)"; brother received sister-in-law after the brother’s death, known as "sitting bed(坐床)". But now these customs have ceased to exist in modern times.<br />
After the nation’s liberation, the people's government promulgated a new marriage law, and since then, the Tujia people have truly enjoyed the happiness of marital autonomy. The marriage rituals of the Tujia family include "proofing（打样）", "marriage proposal（求婚）", "asking for red ginger（讨红庚）", "betrothal" （定亲）(commonly known as "inserting thatched incense"，插茅香), "seeing the date（看期）" and "welcoming the bride（亲迎）". This is similar to the six rites of the Han. The more characteristic marriage rituals are the accompanying of the ten sisters, the accompanying of the ten brothers and the weeping of the bride. As a unique wedding form of the Tujia wedding custom - crying marriage(哭嫁), in the Tujia settlement area for about two to three thousand years of history. According to the analysis of folklore experts, crying marriage is likely to be a matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society in the transition of the "bride snatching" customs of the remaining phenomenon. With the continuous progress of society, cry marriage has long lost the original meaning of bride kidnapping, but has become a traditional custom in the home life of the Tujia people to carry out ritual ethics and marriage education. In fact, it is not the bride alone who cries, but the collective cries of relatives within and outside the family, which is "familial". There are more than 20 procedures in the weeping marriage of the Tujia f, and for each item the bride cries, there are accompanying and opposite weepers. The weeping not only has a lot of content, but also has a long and strict procedure, which is "ceremonial".<br />
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'''Burial Customs'''<br />
The connotation of Tujia funeral culture is rich, which is the attitude of people towards death, and the culture of different forms of funeral customs represents the composition of a nation's culture, which is a unique cultural phenomenon of Tujia. The way of Tujia funeral in the history of the first people to implement cremation, but also rock coffin burial（岩棺葬）, etc. The development of the Tujia funeral has formed a ritual with the characteristics of the nation.<br />
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'''1.The Funeral Dance'''<br />
The funeral dance of the Tujia family has been recorded since the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Tujia people sing and dance wildly in front of the dead, which has become an important way to pay tribute to the dead and comfort the living. The mourning dance has not only its cultural connotation, but also its distinctive artistic characteristics, which are mainly reflected in the musical composition and the singing and movement of the dance.<br />
One of the most important steps of a funeral is Jumping mourning(跳丧).Jumping mourning is specifically when the neighbors in the neighborhood after the death of the elders, dark neighbors will go to this home for jumping mourning, the family of the deceased will vacate the place in advance as well as prepare the tobacco and wine. The coffin of the deceased is placed in the main hall, and then the cowry drum is placed in the wooden foot basin in front of the left side of the coffin. The mourning dance is led by the Taoist priest, and the eldest son holds the deceased father's or mother's spiritual tablet in his hands, leading dozens of mourning men and women to dance vigorously in the courtyard collapse, forming different formations during the dance.<br />
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'''2.The Mourning Hall Singing'''<br />
The funeral form of the Tujia family is also the more important form of mourning and sitting mourning, also called mourning hall singing, which is only singing but not dancing mourning ceremony, sitting night may be several days and nights until the funeral and burial. During the sitting night, the mourning son sits around the pipe. The mourning son sits around the pipe and sings through one or two singers who beat the drums and say auspicious words, and then sings about the deceased's life experiences and achievements, including historical figures and historical allusions, by leading and helping the singers. This ritual song and dance was continued through the centuries, and the funeral song and dance became the main form of expression.<br />
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'''3.Funeral Culture Connotations'''<br />
The mourning ceremony of the Tujia family has a distinct function of social edification and is passed on as a cultural phenomenon, mainly because it has a corresponding social function, and its function in expressing emotions is more significant. The descendants send the bones and souls of their ancestors to the Elysium, which is carried out in a rich jumping mourning, which can also be a great adjustment for the descendants' psychology to settle their souls. On the temporal as well as the spatial level, the selection of auspicious days for the funeral and the sending of the soul to the blissful world are all helpful to appease the soul of the descendants.<br />
<br />
'''Questions''' <br />
1. Do the Tujia have their own ethnic script?<br />
2. Was marriage free in the historical Tujia family?<br />
3. What are the marriage rites of the Tujia?<br />
4. What are the main artistic features of mourning?<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
［1］ 廖从刚.土家族婚俗中的哭嫁习俗.《寻根》,2005年.02期<br />
［2］ ［2］余继平 . 大悲之日 , 欢歌——土家族特殊的丧葬习俗［J］. 中华手工 ,2015 （02）.<br />
［3］ 关于武陵山区土家族葬礼文化探究 邵启富 53_54·《长江丛刊》,2018年.31期<br />
王刚 . 武陵山区土家族葬礼文化初 探［J］. 铜仁职业技术学院学报 ,2017（03）<br />
-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 07:20, 29 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145874Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T09:16:13Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.<br />
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1.Natural Currency to Artificial Currency<br />
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Natural currency is replaced by currency made by human beings. The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. With the development of economy, such kind of currency couldn't satisfy people's needs of exchanging things. Chinese started to make money by themselves instead of relying on the natural currency(Cowry shells). This currency broadened, Cowry shells were replaced totally.<br />
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2.Haphazard Shape to Unified Shape<br />
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From the advent of bronze coins in the Shang dynasty until the Warring States period, China had many shapes of currency. During the Warring States period not only did countries mint their own currency, but also various regions within a vassal state. The famous are the shovel coins of Zhao, the knife coins of Qi, the round square-hole coins of Qin and the ant-nose coins of Chu.<br />
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Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper currency was invented in China in the 9th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.<br />
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3.Local to Central Minted Coins<br />
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At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the counties were allowed to mint money freely, causing confusion over the currency. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu withdrew the right to mint coins from the counties, and the central government unified the minting of the five baht coin, which became the only legal currency at the time. This established the central government's unified management of coin minting and issuance.<br />
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4.Paper Weights to Tung Bao and Yuan Bao<br />
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The coins minted since the Qin and Han dynasties were usually clearly marked with the weight of the money in the text, such as "half tael", "five baht", etc. (twenty-four baht is one tael). In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (621), Li Yuan decided to reform the coinage system, abolishing the ancient coins of different weights and taking the meaning of "opening up a new era" and casting the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a reversal of the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, with no weight written on the coin, which is the evolution of Chinese ancient currency from paper weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is Chinese earliest Tongbao money. After this copper money no longer use the money mark weight, all to Tongbao, Yuanbao, it has been used to the Xinhai Revolution after the "Republic of Tongbao".<br />
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5.Metal Money to Paper Money "Jiaozi"<br />
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During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. When Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, 800,000 Guan of coins were minted annually, which gradually increased later. Because of the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government to make up for the shortage of copper money, in some areas to cast a large number of iron money. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the cast iron money in Sichuan at that time weighed as much as 25 catties and 8 taels. The emergence of "Jiaozi" was an important evolution from metal money to paper money in the history of ancient money.<br />
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6.Modern Chinese Currency<br />
Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.<br />
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With the development of the Internet and globalization, the renminbi is gradually partly replaced by the artificial money.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
'''Brief Introduction'''<br />
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WangShouren (1472-1529), originally known as Wang Yun, also named Wang Yangming, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang was the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of Nanjing Ministry of officials.Wang Shouren was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in the Ming Dynasty.<br />
In 1499, he was admitted as a jinshi and served as the minister of punishment. He was appointed as the yicheng of Longchang in Guizhou, the county magistrate of Luling, the imperial censor of Youjin capital, the grand coordinators of southern Jiangxi provinces, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the imperial censor of left capital in his political career. He successively pacified the banditry and chaos of southern and Jiangxi provinces, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the chaos of Zhu Chenhao, and was granted the title of new earl. He became one of the three literary ministers who won the title of nobility by virtue of military exploit in the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1529，at the age of 57. <br />
The basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui improved, and Wang Shouren integrated. Wang Shouren's Yangming School of mind was later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. Its disciples are numerous and are known as "Yaojiang school" in the world. His article is broad and prosperous, and there is a free and easy spirit between the lines. His Complete Works of Wang Wenchenggong was handed down from generation to generation.<br />
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'''Longchang Enlightment'''<br />
In the winter of 1506, eunuch Liu Jin was good at governing, and arrested more than 20 people, including Dai Mian, the imperial censor of Nanjing geishi. WangShouRen was angry with Liu Jin for his sparring talk about saving him. He was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 miles northwest of Guiyang, Xiuwen County Government) as the post manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father, Wang Hua, was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the position of minister of Nanjing.<br />
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During the journey, WangShouRen was chased and killed by Liu Jin, who forged a diving suicide to avoid being robbed. WangShouRen, who escaped the chase, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court has appointed you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set out on his way to Longchang, Guizhou, where "thousands of mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together". At that time, Longchang was still an uncivilized area. WangShouRen was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to their customs and was loved by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. WangShouRen realized that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from it are wrong.". During this period, he wrote "dogma to show all the students in the dragon field", which is called "dragon field enlightenment" in history.<br />
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'''知行合一'''<br />
In the third year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1508), WangShouRen, a master of mind learning, gave a lecture at Guiyang civilization academy, and put forward the theory of unity of knowledge and Practice for the first time. The so-called "unity of knowledge and practice" is not the relationship between general knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and ideology. "Practice" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical action. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and practice refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some ideas and practical actions. WangShouRen's thought of "unity of knowledge and action" includes the following two meanings.<br />
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1. There is action in knowing, and there is knowledge in doing. WangShouRen believes that knowing and doing is one thing and cannot be divided into two parts. "Knowing and doing are two words, saying one time". From the perspective of moral education, WangShouRen strongly opposes the disconnection between knowledge and practice and "knowledge but not practice" in moral education, and prominently attributes all morality to the conscious action of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness is inseparable from moral behavior, and moral behavior is inseparable from moral consciousness. The two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge must be manifested as action, and failure to do so cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral cognition and moral consciousness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not act, we cannot be regarded as true knowledge. WangShouRen believes that conscience can do nothing but act consciously, that is, knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.<br />
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2. Knowing is doing, knowing decides doing. WangShouRen said, "knowing is the idea of doing, doing is the time of knowing; knowing is the beginning of doing, and doing is the accomplishment of knowing". It means that morality is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting according to the requirements of morality is the time to reach "conscience". The idea activity under the guidance of morality is the beginning of behavior, and the behavior conforming to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience".<br />
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'''Achievements'''<br />
WangShouRen opposes regarding Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as unchanging commandments, and opposes blindly obeying feudal ethics. Instead, he emphasizes personal initiative. The philosophical proposition of "bringing conscience" and the methodology of "unity of knowledge and action" put forward by him have the significance of breaking through the confinement of fengjiansi and calling for the liberation of thought and personality. Wang Yangming received a wide range of disciples to publicize his ideas, which was known as "Yangming school" (also known as "Yaojiang school"). His works, including 38 volumes of the complete works of wangchengwen Gong, were appraised by the academic circles as the earliest enlightenment philosophy in the late feudal medieval society of China. <br />
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In terms of calligraphy, WangShouRen's calligraphic works are mainly cursive. His calligraphy was mainly based on Wang Xizhi, and also on the bone techniques of ouyangxun and Huang Tingjian. He integrated mind learning into calligraphy, which enriched Chinese calligraphy theory.<br />
His main works are "University questions", "complete works of Wang Yangming" and "biography". His works are included in the history of the Ming Dynasty and the ancient prose.<br />
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'''Terms and Expressions'''<br />
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1. jinshi进士<br />
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2. minister of punishment刑部尚书<br />
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3. yicheng of Guizhou Longchang贵州龙场驿丞<br />
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4. magistrate of a county知县<br />
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5. the imperial censor of Youjin capital右佥都御史<br />
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6. grand coordinators巡抚<br />
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7. governor总督；明初在用兵时派往地方巡视监察的官员;清朝始正式成为地方最高长官,一般管辖两省的军事和政治,也有管三省或只管一省的<br />
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8. the minister of Nanjing Military Department南京兵部尚书<br />
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9. pacify平定<br />
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10. banditry土匪行为(或活动)<br />
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11. Zhu Chenhao朱宸濠<br />
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12. new earl新建伯<br />
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13. literary minister文臣<br />
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14. military exploit军功<br />
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15. Chen Xianzhang陈献章<br />
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16. Zhan Ruoshui湛若水<br />
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17. Yaojiang school姚江学派,即阳明学派(明朝中晚期的主流学说)<br />
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18. Longchang Enlightment龙场悟道<br />
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19. Liu Jin刘瑾<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1. What is the basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty?<br />
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2. Where did Wang Shouren comprehend the philosophy of mind?<br />
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3. What theory did WangShouren put forward when he gave lectures in Guiyang?<br />
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4. What does WangShouRen think is the relationship between knowledge and action?<br />
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5. What is the historical significance of the unity of knowledge and action?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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1. 王阳明, 《传习录》;中州古籍出版社2008年1月<br />
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2. 《明史》 列传第八十三 王守仁传,国学网[引用日期2014-01-21]<br />
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3. 当年明月．《明朝那些事儿》：浙江人民出版社，2011年11月第1版<br />
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4. 杨嵘 编著．《王阳明大全集》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2011年<br />
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5. 余姚历史人物——四大先贤 ．浙江在线[引用日期2020-08-20]<br />
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6. 《王守仁》，中国网[引用日期2014-01-20]<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
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Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
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'''Origin'''<br />
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Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
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During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
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In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
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In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
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In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
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After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
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Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
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'''Classification'''<br />
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1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
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Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
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the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
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Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
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2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
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3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
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'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
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1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
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2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
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3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
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'''Significance of content'''<br />
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Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
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2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
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3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
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4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
<br />
• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
<br />
•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
<br />
•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
<br />
•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
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'''Introduction''' <br />
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https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
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Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
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'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
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Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
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'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
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<br />
https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
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Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
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'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
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In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
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'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
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<br />
https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
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'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
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The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
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The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
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The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
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The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
<br />
The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
<br />
The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
<br />
The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
Deyunshe 德云社<br />
<br />
Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
<br />
Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
<br />
Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
<br />
Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
<br />
Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
<br />
Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
<br />
Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
<br />
Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
<br />
The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
<br />
Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
<br />
Xiangua 现挂<br />
<br />
Dougen 逗哏<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
<br />
2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
<br />
3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
<br />
4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
<br />
5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
<br />
''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
<br />
Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
<br />
'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
<br />
In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
<br />
Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
<br />
Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
<br />
jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
<br />
'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
<br />
'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
<br />
Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
<br />
'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
<br />
'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
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Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
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'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
<br />
'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
<br />
The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
<br />
The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
<br />
[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
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[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
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<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
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Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
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Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
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Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
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Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
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egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
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Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
<br />
jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
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momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
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<br />
'''Question'''<br />
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1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
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2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
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3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
<br />
5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
===History===<br />
[[File:450px-Higasa_hikone.jpg]]<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Lu Ban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
<br />
'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
<br />
The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
<br />
'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
<br />
Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
<br />
'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
<br />
The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
<br />
1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
<br />
2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
<br />
3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
<br />
4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
<br />
5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
<br />
'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
<br />
1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
<br />
2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
<br />
Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
<br />
3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
<br />
His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
<br />
4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
<br />
His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
<br />
'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
<br />
"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
<br />
'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
<br />
"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
<br />
[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
<br />
1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
<br />
2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.Construction<br />
<br />
The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
<br />
The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
<br />
4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
<br />
5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
<br />
Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
<br />
The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
<br />
'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
<br />
The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
<br />
Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
<br />
Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
<br />
Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
<br />
'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
<br />
The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
<br />
'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
<br />
1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
<br />
In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
<br />
2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
<br />
Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
<br />
3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
<br />
The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
<br />
4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
<br />
Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
<br />
5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
<br />
Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
<br />
'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
<br />
'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
<br />
First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
<br />
[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
<br />
2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
<br />
In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
<br />
3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
<br />
4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
<br />
Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
<br />
China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
<br />
1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
<br />
Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
<br />
Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
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3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
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Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
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4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
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Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
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Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
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5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
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Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
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6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
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Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
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7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
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Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
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8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
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Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
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9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
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Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
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10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
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11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
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Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
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12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
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Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
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13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
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Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
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14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
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15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
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16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
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17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
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Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
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37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
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18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
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Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
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19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
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20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
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Origin<br />
<br />
The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
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Development<br />
<br />
Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
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Costume<br />
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Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
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Artistic features<br />
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The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
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Tune<br />
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Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
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The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
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The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
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Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
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Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
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Classical Works<br />
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Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
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1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
<br />
Introductions on Lion dance <br />
<br />
The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
<br />
The Origin of Lions<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
<br />
The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
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The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
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The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
<br />
First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
<br />
Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
<br />
The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
<br />
(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
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(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
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(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
<br />
Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
<br />
Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
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(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
<br />
(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
<br />
(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
<br />
(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Terms:<br />
<br />
Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
<br />
References:<br />
<br />
中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
<br />
'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
<br />
'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
<br />
'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
<br />
In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
<br />
In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
<br />
With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
<br />
'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
<br />
1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
<br />
In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<br />
Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
<br />
Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
<br />
'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
<br />
After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
<br />
1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
<br />
Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
<br />
In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
<br />
2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
<br />
After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
<br />
'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
<br />
Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
<br />
The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
<br />
The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
<br />
2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
<br />
Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
<br />
Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
<br />
Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
<br />
3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
<br />
Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
<br />
Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
<br />
4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
<br />
By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
<br />
The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
<br />
'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.Creating needs actively.<br />
<br />
Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
<br />
Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
<br />
2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
<br />
User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
<br />
3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
<br />
'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.The crisis of confidence<br />
<br />
Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
<br />
2.The problem of low quality<br />
<br />
Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
<br />
3.The damage of corporate image<br />
<br />
The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
<br />
'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
<br />
1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
<br />
After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
<br />
2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
<br />
If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
<br />
3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
<br />
Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
<br />
4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
<br />
5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
<br />
The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
1.百度百科<br />
<br />
2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
<br />
4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
<br />
5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
<br />
"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
<br />
Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
<br />
2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
<br />
3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
<br />
4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
<br />
5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
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6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
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7.How to solve these problems?<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==<br />
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Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People<br />
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The Tujia are a long-established ethnic group with their own language, but they do not have their own character and use the character of the Han. In October 1956, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission identified the Tujia as a single ethnic group through ethnic identification. The Tujia call themselves "Bizka（毕兹卡）", "Mikiqa（密基卡）" or "Bejinqa（贝锦卡）", which means "people born and raised in the land". Despite the fact that they do not have a written language, they still have their own cultural identity, especially in the form of marriage and burial customs.<br />
<br />
'''Marriage customs'''<br />
In the history of the Tujia, marriage was relatively free. A man and a woman could marry after free love, with the consent of both parents and the testimony of a Tujia teacher (wizard). On the 12th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, young men and women sang and danced, fell in love with each other and became lifelong partners.<br />
After the reform and conform, the Tujia were forced to carry out arranged marriages by parents and matchmakers. Before liberation, there was the custom of aunts and uncles marrying in table and house marriages. In the case of aunts and uncles, the marriage of an aunt's daughter must marry the son of an uncle's family, also known as "return the bone seed(Huan Guzhong 还骨种)"; brother received sister-in-law after the brother’s death, known as "sitting bed(坐床)". But now these customs have ceased to exist in modern times.<br />
After the nation’s liberation, the people's government promulgated a new marriage law, and since then, the Tujia people have truly enjoyed the happiness of marital autonomy. The marriage rituals of the Tujia family include "proofing（打样）", "marriage proposal（求婚）", "asking for red ginger（讨红庚）", "betrothal" （定亲）(commonly known as "inserting thatched incense"，插茅香), "seeing the date（看期）" and "welcoming the bride（亲迎）". This is similar to the six rites of the Han. The more characteristic marriage rituals are the accompanying of the ten sisters, the accompanying of the ten brothers and the weeping of the bride. As a unique wedding form of the Tujia wedding custom - crying marriage(哭嫁), in the Tujia settlement area for about two to three thousand years of history. According to the analysis of folklore experts, crying marriage is likely to be a matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society in the transition of the "bride snatching" customs of the remaining phenomenon. With the continuous progress of society, cry marriage has long lost the original meaning of bride kidnapping, but has become a traditional custom in the home life of the Tujia people to carry out ritual ethics and marriage education. In fact, it is not the bride alone who cries, but the collective cries of relatives within and outside the family, which is "familial". There are more than 20 procedures in the weeping marriage of the Tujia f, and for each item the bride cries, there are accompanying and opposite weepers. The weeping not only has a lot of content, but also has a long and strict procedure, which is "ceremonial".<br />
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'''Burial Customs'''<br />
The connotation of Tujia funeral culture is rich, which is the attitude of people towards death, and the culture of different forms of funeral customs represents the composition of a nation's culture, which is a unique cultural phenomenon of Tujia. The way of Tujia funeral in the history of the first people to implement cremation, but also rock coffin burial（岩棺葬）, etc. The development of the Tujia funeral has formed a ritual with the characteristics of the nation.<br />
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'''1.The Funeral Dance'''<br />
The funeral dance of the Tujia family has been recorded since the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Tujia people sing and dance wildly in front of the dead, which has become an important way to pay tribute to the dead and comfort the living. The mourning dance has not only its cultural connotation, but also its distinctive artistic characteristics, which are mainly reflected in the musical composition and the singing and movement of the dance.<br />
One of the most important steps of a funeral is Jumping mourning(跳丧).Jumping mourning is specifically when the neighbors in the neighborhood after the death of the elders, dark neighbors will go to this home for jumping mourning, the family of the deceased will vacate the place in advance as well as prepare the tobacco and wine. The coffin of the deceased is placed in the main hall, and then the cowry drum is placed in the wooden foot basin in front of the left side of the coffin. The mourning dance is led by the Taoist priest, and the eldest son holds the deceased father's or mother's spiritual tablet in his hands, leading dozens of mourning men and women to dance vigorously in the courtyard collapse, forming different formations during the dance.<br />
<br />
'''2.The Mourning Hall Singing'''<br />
The funeral form of the Tujia family is also the more important form of mourning and sitting mourning, also called mourning hall singing, which is only singing but not dancing mourning ceremony, sitting night may be several days and nights until the funeral and burial. During the sitting night, the mourning son sits around the pipe. The mourning son sits around the pipe and sings through one or two singers who beat the drums and say auspicious words, and then sings about the deceased's life experiences and achievements, including historical figures and historical allusions, by leading and helping the singers. This ritual song and dance was continued through the centuries, and the funeral song and dance became the main form of expression.<br />
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'''3.Funeral Culture Connotations'''<br />
The mourning ceremony of the Tujia family has a distinct function of social edification and is passed on as a cultural phenomenon, mainly because it has a corresponding social function, and its function in expressing emotions is more significant. The descendants send the bones and souls of their ancestors to the Elysium, which is carried out in a rich jumping mourning, which can also be a great adjustment for the descendants' psychology to settle their souls. On the temporal as well as the spatial level, the selection of auspicious days for the funeral and the sending of the soul to the blissful world are all helpful to appease the soul of the descendants.<br />
<br />
'''Questions''' <br />
1. Do the Tujia have their own ethnic script?<br />
2. Was marriage free in the historical Tujia family?<br />
3. What are the marriage rites of the Tujia?<br />
4. What are the main artistic features of mourning?<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
［1］ 廖从刚.土家族婚俗中的哭嫁习俗.《寻根》,2005年.02期<br />
［2］ ［2］余继平 . 大悲之日 , 欢歌——土家族特殊的丧葬习俗［J］. 中华手工 ,2015 （02）.<br />
［3］ 关于武陵山区土家族葬礼文化探究 邵启富 53_54·《长江丛刊》,2018年.31期<br />
王刚 . 武陵山区土家族葬礼文化初 探［J］. 铜仁职业技术学院学报 ,2017（03）<br />
-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 07:20, 29 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145873Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T09:10:33Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.<br />
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1.Natural Currency to Artificial Currency<br />
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Natural currency is replaced by currency made by human beings. The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. With the development of economy, such kind of currency couldn't satisfy people's needs of exchanging things. Chinese started to make money by themselves instead of relying on the natural currency(Cowry shells). This currency broadened, Cowry shells were replaced totally.<br />
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2.Haphazard Shape to Unified Shape<br />
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From the advent of bronze coins in the Shang dynasty until the Warring States period, China had many shapes of currency. During the Warring States period not only did countries mint their own currency, but also various regions within a vassal state. The famous are the shovel coins of Zhao, the knife coins of Qi, the round square-hole coins of Qin and the ant-nose coins of Chu.<br />
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Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper currency was invented in China in the 9th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.<br />
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3.Local to Central Minted Coins<br />
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At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the counties were allowed to mint money freely, causing confusion over the currency. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu withdrew the right to mint coins from the counties, and the central government unified the minting of the five baht coin, which became the only legal currency at the time. This established the central government's unified management of coin minting and issuance.<br />
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4.Paper Weights to Tung Bao and Yuan Bao<br />
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The coins minted since the Qin and Han dynasties were usually clearly marked with the weight of the money in the text, such as "half tael", "five baht", etc. (twenty-four baht is one tael). In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (621), Li Yuan decided to reform the coinage system, abolishing the ancient coins of different weights and taking the meaning of "opening up a new era" and casting the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a reversal of the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, with no weight written on the coin, which is the evolution of Chinese ancient currency from paper weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is Chinese earliest Tongbao money. After this copper money no longer use the money mark weight, all to Tongbao, Yuanbao, it has been used to the Xinhai Revolution after the "Republic of Tongbao".<br />
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5.Metal Money to Paper Money "Jiaozi"<br />
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During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. When Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, 800,000 Guan of coins were minted annually, which gradually increased later. Because of the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government to make up for the shortage of copper money, in some areas to cast a large number of iron money. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the cast iron money in Sichuan at that time weighed as much as 25 catties and 8 taels. The emergence of "Jiaozi" was an important evolution from metal money to paper money in the history of ancient money.<br />
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6.Modern Chinese Currency<br />
Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.<br />
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With the development of the Internet and globalization, the renminbi is gradually partly replaced by the artificial money.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
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WangShouren (1472-1529), originally known as Wang Yun, also named Wang Yangming, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang was the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of Nanjing Ministry of officials.Wang Shouren was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in the Ming Dynasty.<br />
In 1499, he was admitted as a jinshi and served as the minister of punishment. He was appointed as the yicheng of Longchang in Guizhou, the county magistrate of Luling, the imperial censor of Youjin capital, the grand coordinators of southern Jiangxi provinces, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the imperial censor of left capital in his political career. He successively pacified the banditry and chaos of southern and Jiangxi provinces, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the chaos of Zhu Chenhao, and was granted the title of new earl. He became one of the three literary ministers who won the title of nobility by virtue of military exploit in the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1529，at the age of 57. <br />
The basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui improved, and Wang Shouren integrated. Wang Shouren's Yangming School of mind was later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. Its disciples are numerous and are known as "Yaojiang school" in the world. His article is broad and prosperous, and there is a free and easy spirit between the lines. His Complete Works of Wang Wenchenggong was handed down from generation to generation.<br />
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Longchang Enlightment<br />
In the winter of 1506, eunuch Liu Jin was good at governing, and arrested more than 20 people, including Dai Mian, the imperial censor of Nanjing geishi. WangShouRen was angry with Liu Jin for his sparring talk about saving him. He was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 miles northwest of Guiyang, Xiuwen County Government) as the post manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father, Wang Hua, was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the position of minister of Nanjing.<br />
During the journey, WangShouRen was chased and killed by Liu Jin, who forged a diving suicide to avoid being robbed. WangShouRen, who escaped the chase, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court has appointed you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set out on his way to Longchang, Guizhou, where "thousands of mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together". At that time, Longchang was still an uncivilized area. WangShouRen was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to their customs and was loved by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. WangShouRen realized that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from it are wrong.". During this period, he wrote "dogma to show all the students in the dragon field", which is called "dragon field enlightenment" in history.<br />
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知行合一<br />
In the third year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1508), WangShouRen, a master of mind learning, gave a lecture at Guiyang civilization academy, and put forward the theory of unity of knowledge and Practice for the first time. The so-called "unity of knowledge and practice" is not the relationship between general knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and ideology. "Practice" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical action. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and practice refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some ideas and practical actions. WangShouRen's thought of "unity of knowledge and action" includes the following two meanings.<br />
1. There is action in knowing, and there is knowledge in doing. WangShouRen believes that knowing and doing is one thing and cannot be divided into two parts. "Knowing and doing are two words, saying one time". From the perspective of moral education, WangShouRen strongly opposes the disconnection between knowledge and practice and "knowledge but not practice" in moral education, and prominently attributes all morality to the conscious action of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness is inseparable from moral behavior, and moral behavior is inseparable from moral consciousness. The two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge must be manifested as action, and failure to do so cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral cognition and moral consciousness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not act, we cannot be regarded as true knowledge. WangShouRen believes that conscience can do nothing but act consciously, that is, knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.<br />
2. Knowing is doing, knowing decides doing. WangShouRen said, "knowing is the idea of doing, doing is the time of knowing; knowing is the beginning of doing, and doing is the accomplishment of knowing". It means that morality is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting according to the requirements of morality is the time to reach "conscience". The idea activity under the guidance of morality is the beginning of behavior, and the behavior conforming to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience".<br />
Achievements<br />
WangShouRen opposes regarding Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as unchanging commandments, and opposes blindly obeying feudal ethics. Instead, he emphasizes personal initiative. The philosophical proposition of "bringing conscience" and the methodology of "unity of knowledge and action" put forward by him have the significance of breaking through the confinement of fengjiansi and calling for the liberation of thought and personality. Wang Yangming received a wide range of disciples to publicize his ideas, which was known as "Yangming school" (also known as "Yaojiang school"). His works, including 38 volumes of the complete works of wangchengwen Gong, were appraised by the academic circles as the earliest enlightenment philosophy in the late feudal medieval society of China. <br />
In terms of calligraphy, WangShouRen's calligraphic works are mainly cursive. His calligraphy was mainly based on Wang Xizhi, and also on the bone techniques of ouyangxun and Huang Tingjian. He integrated mind learning into calligraphy, which enriched Chinese calligraphy theory.<br />
His main works are "University questions", "complete works of Wang Yangming" and "biography". His works are included in the history of the Ming Dynasty and the ancient prose<br />
Terms and Expressions<br />
1. jinshi进士<br />
2. minister of punishment刑部尚书<br />
3. yicheng of Guizhou Longchang贵州龙场驿丞<br />
4. magistrate of a county知县<br />
5. the imperial censor of Youjin capital右佥都御史<br />
6. grand coordinators巡抚<br />
7. governor总督；明初在用兵时派往地方巡视监察的官员;清朝始正式成为地方最高长官,一般管辖两省的军事和政治,也有管三省或只管一省的<br />
8. the minister of Nanjing Military Department南京兵部尚书<br />
9. pacify平定<br />
10. banditry土匪行为(或活动)<br />
11. Zhu Chenhao朱宸濠<br />
12. new earl新建伯<br />
13. literary minister文臣<br />
14. military exploit军功<br />
15. Chen Xianzhang陈献章<br />
16. Zhan Ruoshui湛若水<br />
17. Yaojiang school姚江学派,即阳明学派(明朝中晚期的主流学说)<br />
18. Longchang Enlightment龙场悟道<br />
19. Liu Jin刘瑾<br />
Questions<br />
1. What is the basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty?<br />
2. Where did Wang Shouren comprehend the philosophy of mind?<br />
3. What theory did WangShouren put forward when he gave lectures in Guiyang?<br />
4. What does WangShouRen think is the relationship between knowledge and action?<br />
5. What is the historical significance of the unity of knowledge and action?<br />
References<br />
1. 王阳明, 《传习录》;中州古籍出版社2008年1月<br />
2. 《明史》 列传第八十三 王守仁传,国学网[引用日期2014-01-21]<br />
3. 当年明月．《明朝那些事儿》：浙江人民出版社，2011年11月第1版<br />
4. 杨嵘 编著．《王阳明大全集》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2011年<br />
5. 余姚历史人物——四大先贤 ．浙江在线[引用日期2020-08-20]<br />
6. 《王守仁》，中国网[引用日期2014-01-20]<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
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Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
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'''Origin'''<br />
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Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
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During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
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In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
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In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
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In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
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After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
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Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
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'''Classification'''<br />
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1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
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Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
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the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
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Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
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2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
<br />
3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
<br />
'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
<br />
1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
<br />
2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
<br />
3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
<br />
'''Significance of content'''<br />
<br />
Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
<br />
2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
<br />
3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
<br />
4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
<br />
•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
<br />
•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
<br />
•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
<br />
'''Introduction''' <br />
<br />
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
<br />
Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
<br />
'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
<br />
'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
<br />
https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
<br />
Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
<br />
'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
<br />
'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
<br />
<br />
https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
<br />
'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
<br />
The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
<br />
The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
<br />
The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
<br />
The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
<br />
The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
<br />
The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
<br />
The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
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Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
<br />
Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
Deyunshe 德云社<br />
<br />
Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
<br />
Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
<br />
Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
<br />
Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
<br />
Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
<br />
Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
<br />
Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
<br />
Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
<br />
The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
<br />
Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
<br />
Xiangua 现挂<br />
<br />
Dougen 逗哏<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
<br />
2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
<br />
3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
<br />
4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
<br />
5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
<br />
''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
<br />
Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
<br />
'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
<br />
In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
<br />
Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
<br />
Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
<br />
jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
<br />
'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
<br />
'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
<br />
Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
<br />
'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
<br />
'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
<br />
'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
<br />
Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
<br />
'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
<br />
'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
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The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
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The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
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[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
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[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
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Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
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Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
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Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
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Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
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egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
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Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
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jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
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momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
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'''Question'''<br />
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1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
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2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
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3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
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4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
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5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
===History===<br />
[[File:450px-Higasa_hikone.jpg]]<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Lu Ban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
<br />
'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
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The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
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'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
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Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
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'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
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The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
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1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
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2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
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3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
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4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
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5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
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'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
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1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
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Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
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Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
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2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
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Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
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3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
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His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
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4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
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His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
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'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
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"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
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'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
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"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
<br />
[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
<br />
1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
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2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
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3.Construction<br />
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The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
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The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
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4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
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5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
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Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
<br />
The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
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==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
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'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
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Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
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The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
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Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
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Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
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Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
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'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
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The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
<br />
'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
<br />
1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
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In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
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2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
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Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
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3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
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The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
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4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
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Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
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5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
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Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
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'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
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'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
<br />
First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
<br />
[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
<br />
2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
<br />
In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
<br />
3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
<br />
4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
<br />
Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
<br />
China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
<br />
1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
<br />
Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
<br />
Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
<br />
3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
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Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
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4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
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Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
<br />
Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
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5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
<br />
Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
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6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
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Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
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7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
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Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
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8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
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Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
<br />
<br />
9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
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Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
<br />
10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
<br />
11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
<br />
Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
<br />
12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
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Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
<br />
13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
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Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
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<br />
14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
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15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
<br />
16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
<br />
17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
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Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
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37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
<br />
18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
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Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
<br />
19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
<br />
Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
<br />
20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
<br />
Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
<br />
Origin<br />
<br />
The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
<br />
Development<br />
<br />
Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
<br />
Costume<br />
<br />
Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
<br />
Artistic features<br />
<br />
The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
<br />
Tune<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
<br />
The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
<br />
The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
<br />
Classical Works<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
<br />
1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
<br />
Introductions on Lion dance <br />
<br />
The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
<br />
The Origin of Lions<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
<br />
The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
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The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
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The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
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First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
<br />
Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
<br />
The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
<br />
(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
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(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
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(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
<br />
Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
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Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
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(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
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(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
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(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
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(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
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<br />
Terms:<br />
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Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
<br />
References:<br />
<br />
中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
<br />
'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
<br />
'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
<br />
'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
<br />
In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
<br />
In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
<br />
With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
<br />
'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
<br />
1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
<br />
In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<br />
Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
<br />
Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
<br />
'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
<br />
After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
<br />
1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
<br />
Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
<br />
In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
<br />
2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
<br />
After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
<br />
'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
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Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
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Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
<br />
The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
<br />
The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
<br />
2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
<br />
Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
<br />
Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
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Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
<br />
3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
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Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
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Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
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4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
<br />
By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
<br />
The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
<br />
'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.Creating needs actively.<br />
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Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
<br />
Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
<br />
2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
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User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
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3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
<br />
'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.The crisis of confidence<br />
<br />
Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
<br />
2.The problem of low quality<br />
<br />
Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
<br />
3.The damage of corporate image<br />
<br />
The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
<br />
'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
<br />
1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
<br />
After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
<br />
2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
<br />
If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
<br />
3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
<br />
Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
<br />
4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
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5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
<br />
The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
1.百度百科<br />
<br />
2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
<br />
4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
<br />
5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
<br />
NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
<br />
"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
<br />
Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
<br />
2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
<br />
3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
<br />
4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
<br />
5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
7.How to solve these problems?<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==<br />
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Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People<br />
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The Tujia are a long-established ethnic group with their own language, but they do not have their own character and use the character of the Han. In October 1956, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission identified the Tujia as a single ethnic group through ethnic identification. The Tujia call themselves "Bizka（毕兹卡）", "Mikiqa（密基卡）" or "Bejinqa（贝锦卡）", which means "people born and raised in the land". Despite the fact that they do not have a written language, they still have their own cultural identity, especially in the form of marriage and burial customs.<br />
<br />
'''Marriage customs'''<br />
In the history of the Tujia, marriage was relatively free. A man and a woman could marry after free love, with the consent of both parents and the testimony of a Tujia teacher (wizard). On the 12th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, young men and women sang and danced, fell in love with each other and became lifelong partners.<br />
After the reform and conform, the Tujia were forced to carry out arranged marriages by parents and matchmakers. Before liberation, there was the custom of aunts and uncles marrying in table and house marriages. In the case of aunts and uncles, the marriage of an aunt's daughter must marry the son of an uncle's family, also known as "return the bone seed(Huan Guzhong 还骨种)"; brother received sister-in-law after the brother’s death, known as "sitting bed(坐床)". But now these customs have ceased to exist in modern times.<br />
After the nation’s liberation, the people's government promulgated a new marriage law, and since then, the Tujia people have truly enjoyed the happiness of marital autonomy. The marriage rituals of the Tujia family include "proofing（打样）", "marriage proposal（求婚）", "asking for red ginger（讨红庚）", "betrothal" （定亲）(commonly known as "inserting thatched incense"，插茅香), "seeing the date（看期）" and "welcoming the bride（亲迎）". This is similar to the six rites of the Han. The more characteristic marriage rituals are the accompanying of the ten sisters, the accompanying of the ten brothers and the weeping of the bride. As a unique wedding form of the Tujia wedding custom - crying marriage(哭嫁), in the Tujia settlement area for about two to three thousand years of history. According to the analysis of folklore experts, crying marriage is likely to be a matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society in the transition of the "bride snatching" customs of the remaining phenomenon. With the continuous progress of society, cry marriage has long lost the original meaning of bride kidnapping, but has become a traditional custom in the home life of the Tujia people to carry out ritual ethics and marriage education. In fact, it is not the bride alone who cries, but the collective cries of relatives within and outside the family, which is "familial". There are more than 20 procedures in the weeping marriage of the Tujia f, and for each item the bride cries, there are accompanying and opposite weepers. The weeping not only has a lot of content, but also has a long and strict procedure, which is "ceremonial".<br />
<br />
'''Burial Customs'''<br />
The connotation of Tujia funeral culture is rich, which is the attitude of people towards death, and the culture of different forms of funeral customs represents the composition of a nation's culture, which is a unique cultural phenomenon of Tujia. The way of Tujia funeral in the history of the first people to implement cremation, but also rock coffin burial（岩棺葬）, etc. The development of the Tujia funeral has formed a ritual with the characteristics of the nation.<br />
<br />
'''1.The Funeral Dance'''<br />
The funeral dance of the Tujia family has been recorded since the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Tujia people sing and dance wildly in front of the dead, which has become an important way to pay tribute to the dead and comfort the living. The mourning dance has not only its cultural connotation, but also its distinctive artistic characteristics, which are mainly reflected in the musical composition and the singing and movement of the dance.<br />
One of the most important steps of a funeral is Jumping mourning(跳丧).Jumping mourning is specifically when the neighbors in the neighborhood after the death of the elders, dark neighbors will go to this home for jumping mourning, the family of the deceased will vacate the place in advance as well as prepare the tobacco and wine. The coffin of the deceased is placed in the main hall, and then the cowry drum is placed in the wooden foot basin in front of the left side of the coffin. The mourning dance is led by the Taoist priest, and the eldest son holds the deceased father's or mother's spiritual tablet in his hands, leading dozens of mourning men and women to dance vigorously in the courtyard collapse, forming different formations during the dance.<br />
<br />
'''2.The Mourning Hall Singing'''<br />
The funeral form of the Tujia family is also the more important form of mourning and sitting mourning, also called mourning hall singing, which is only singing but not dancing mourning ceremony, sitting night may be several days and nights until the funeral and burial. During the sitting night, the mourning son sits around the pipe. The mourning son sits around the pipe and sings through one or two singers who beat the drums and say auspicious words, and then sings about the deceased's life experiences and achievements, including historical figures and historical allusions, by leading and helping the singers. This ritual song and dance was continued through the centuries, and the funeral song and dance became the main form of expression.<br />
<br />
'''3.Funeral Culture Connotations'''<br />
The mourning ceremony of the Tujia family has a distinct function of social edification and is passed on as a cultural phenomenon, mainly because it has a corresponding social function, and its function in expressing emotions is more significant. The descendants send the bones and souls of their ancestors to the Elysium, which is carried out in a rich jumping mourning, which can also be a great adjustment for the descendants' psychology to settle their souls. On the temporal as well as the spatial level, the selection of auspicious days for the funeral and the sending of the soul to the blissful world are all helpful to appease the soul of the descendants.<br />
<br />
'''Questions''' <br />
1. Do the Tujia have their own ethnic script?<br />
2. Was marriage free in the historical Tujia family?<br />
3. What are the marriage rites of the Tujia?<br />
4. What are the main artistic features of mourning?<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
［1］ 廖从刚.土家族婚俗中的哭嫁习俗.《寻根》,2005年.02期<br />
［2］ ［2］余继平 . 大悲之日 , 欢歌——土家族特殊的丧葬习俗［J］. 中华手工 ,2015 （02）.<br />
［3］ 关于武陵山区土家族葬礼文化探究 邵启富 53_54·《长江丛刊》,2018年.31期<br />
王刚 . 武陵山区土家族葬礼文化初 探［J］. 铜仁职业技术学院学报 ,2017（03）<br />
-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 07:20, 29 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145872Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T09:08:50Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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<br />
China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.<br />
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1.Natural Currency to Artificial Currency<br />
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Natural currency is replaced by currency made by human beings. The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. With the development of economy, such kind of currency couldn't satisfy people's needs of exchanging things. Chinese started to make money by themselves instead of relying on the natural currency(Cowry shells). This currency broadened, Cowry shells were replaced totally.<br />
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2.Haphazard Shape to Unified Shape<br />
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From the advent of bronze coins in the Shang dynasty until the Warring States period, China had many shapes of currency. During the Warring States period not only did countries mint their own currency, but also various regions within a vassal state. The famous are the shovel coins of Zhao, the knife coins of Qi, the round square-hole coins of Qin and the ant-nose coins of Chu.<br />
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Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper currency was invented in China in the 9th century, but the base unit of currency remained the copper coin. Copper coins were used as the chief denomination of currency in China until the introduction of the yuan.<br />
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3.Local to Central Minted Coins<br />
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At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the counties were allowed to mint money freely, causing confusion over the currency. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu withdrew the right to mint coins from the counties, and the central government unified the minting of the five baht coin, which became the only legal currency at the time. This established the central government's unified management of coin minting and issuance.<br />
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4.Paper Weights to Tung Bao and Yuan Bao<br />
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The coins minted since the Qin and Han dynasties were usually clearly marked with the weight of the money in the text, such as "half tael", "five baht", etc. (twenty-four baht is one tael). In the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (621), Li Yuan decided to reform the coinage system, abolishing the ancient coins of different weights and taking the meaning of "opening up a new era" and casting the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coin. The "Kaiyuan Tongbao" is a reversal of the old system of the Qin and Han dynasties, with no weight written on the coin, which is the evolution of Chinese ancient currency from paper weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao. "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money is Chinese earliest Tongbao money. After this copper money no longer use the money mark weight, all to Tongbao, Yuanbao, it has been used to the Xinhai Revolution after the "Republic of Tongbao".<br />
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5.Metal Money to Paper Money "Jiaozi"<br />
<br />
During the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development of exchange, the amount of money in circulation increased. When Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, 800,000 Guan of coins were minted annually, which gradually increased later. Because of the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government to make up for the shortage of copper money, in some areas to cast a large number of iron money. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the cast iron money in Sichuan at that time weighed as much as 25 catties and 8 taels. The emergence of "Jiaozi" was an important evolution from metal money to paper money in the history of ancient money.<br />
<br />
6.Modern Chinese Currency<br />
Currently, the renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong or Macau. The special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau use the Hong Kong dollar and the Macanese pataca, respectively. In the Republic of China (ROC), the New Taiwan dollar is the official legal tender in Taiwan since 2000.<br />
<br />
With the development of the Internet and globalization, the renminbi is gradually partly replaced by the artificial money.<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
WangShouren (1472-1529), originally known as Wang Yun, also named Wang Yangming, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province. Wang was the son of Wang Hua, the Minister of Nanjing Ministry of officials.Wang Shouren was an outstanding thinker, litterateur, militarist and educator in the Ming Dynasty.<br />
In 1499, he was admitted as a jinshi and served as the minister of punishment. He was appointed as the yicheng of Longchang in Guizhou, the county magistrate of Luling, the imperial censor of Youjin capital, the grand coordinators of southern Jiangxi provinces, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the minister of Nanjing Military Department, and the imperial censor of left capital in his political career. He successively pacified the banditry and chaos of southern and Jiangxi provinces, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the chaos of Zhu Chenhao, and was granted the title of new earl. He became one of the three literary ministers who won the title of nobility by virtue of military exploit in the Ming Dynasty. He died in 1529，at the age of 57. <br />
The basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty can be summarized as follows: Chen Xianzhang started, Zhan Ruoshui improved, and Wang Shouren integrated. Wang Shouren's Yangming School of mind was later spread to Japan, Korea and other countries. Its disciples are numerous and are known as "Yaojiang school" in the world. His article is broad and prosperous, and there is a free and easy spirit between the lines. His Complete Works of Wang Wenchenggong was handed down from generation to generation.<br />
Longchang Enlightment<br />
In the winter of 1506, eunuch Liu Jin was good at governing, and arrested more than 20 people, including Dai Mian, the imperial censor of Nanjing geishi. WangShouRen was angry with Liu Jin for his sparring talk about saving him. He was demoted to Guizhou Longchang (70 miles northwest of Guiyang, Xiuwen County Government) as the post manager of Longchang post. At the same time, his father, Wang Hua, was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the position of minister of Nanjing.<br />
During the journey, WangShouRen was chased and killed by Liu Jin, who forged a diving suicide to avoid being robbed. WangShouRen, who escaped the chase, secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "since the imperial court has appointed you, you have the responsibility. You'd better take office." Then he set out on his way to Longchang, Guizhou, where "thousands of mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together". At that time, Longchang was still an uncivilized area. WangShouRen was not discouraged. He taught the local people according to their customs and was loved by the people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the University. WangShouRen realized that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from it are wrong.". During this period, he wrote "dogma to show all the students in the dragon field", which is called "dragon field enlightenment" in history.<br />
知行合一<br />
In the third year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1508), WangShouRen, a master of mind learning, gave a lecture at Guiyang civilization academy, and put forward the theory of unity of knowledge and Practice for the first time. The so-called "unity of knowledge and practice" is not the relationship between general knowledge and practice. "Knowledge" mainly refers to people's moral consciousness and ideology. "Practice" mainly refers to people's moral practice and practical action. Therefore, the relationship between knowledge and practice refers to the relationship between moral consciousness and moral practice, and also includes the relationship between some ideas and practical actions. WangShouRen's thought of "unity of knowledge and action" includes the following two meanings.<br />
1. There is action in knowing, and there is knowledge in doing. WangShouRen believes that knowing and doing is one thing and cannot be divided into two parts. "Knowing and doing are two words, saying one time". From the perspective of moral education, WangShouRen strongly opposes the disconnection between knowledge and practice and "knowledge but not practice" in moral education, and prominently attributes all morality to the conscious action of individuals, which is of positive significance. Because from the perspective of moral education, moral consciousness is inseparable from moral behavior, and moral behavior is inseparable from moral consciousness. The two are inseparable from each other. Knowledge must be manifested as action, and failure to do so cannot be regarded as true knowledge. Moral cognition and moral consciousness must be manifested in moral behavior. If we do not act, we cannot be regarded as true knowledge. WangShouRen believes that conscience can do nothing but act consciously, that is, knowledge. This is undoubtedly profound.<br />
2. Knowing is doing, knowing decides doing. WangShouRen said, "knowing is the idea of doing, doing is the time of knowing; knowing is the beginning of doing, and doing is the accomplishment of knowing". It means that morality is the guiding ideology of human behavior, and acting according to the requirements of morality is the time to reach "conscience". The idea activity under the guidance of morality is the beginning of behavior, and the behavior conforming to the requirements of moral norms is the completion of "conscience".<br />
Achievements<br />
WangShouRen opposes regarding Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius as unchanging commandments, and opposes blindly obeying feudal ethics. Instead, he emphasizes personal initiative. The philosophical proposition of "bringing conscience" and the methodology of "unity of knowledge and action" put forward by him have the significance of breaking through the confinement of fengjiansi and calling for the liberation of thought and personality. Wang Yangming received a wide range of disciples to publicize his ideas, which was known as "Yangming school" (also known as "Yaojiang school"). His works, including 38 volumes of the complete works of wangchengwen Gong, were appraised by the academic circles as the earliest enlightenment philosophy in the late feudal medieval society of China. <br />
In terms of calligraphy, WangShouRen's calligraphic works are mainly cursive. His calligraphy was mainly based on Wang Xizhi, and also on the bone techniques of ouyangxun and Huang Tingjian. He integrated mind learning into calligraphy, which enriched Chinese calligraphy theory.<br />
His main works are "University questions", "complete works of Wang Yangming" and "biography". His works are included in the history of the Ming Dynasty and the ancient prose<br />
Terms and Expressions<br />
1. jinshi进士<br />
2. minister of punishment刑部尚书<br />
3. yicheng of Guizhou Longchang贵州龙场驿丞<br />
4. magistrate of a county知县<br />
5. the imperial censor of Youjin capital右佥都御史<br />
6. grand coordinators巡抚<br />
7. governor总督；明初在用兵时派往地方巡视监察的官员;清朝始正式成为地方最高长官,一般管辖两省的军事和政治,也有管三省或只管一省的<br />
8. the minister of Nanjing Military Department南京兵部尚书<br />
9. pacify平定<br />
10. banditry土匪行为(或活动)<br />
11. Zhu Chenhao朱宸濠<br />
12. new earl新建伯<br />
13. literary minister文臣<br />
14. military exploit军功<br />
15. Chen Xianzhang陈献章<br />
16. Zhan Ruoshui湛若水<br />
17. Yaojiang school姚江学派,即阳明学派(明朝中晚期的主流学说)<br />
18. Longchang Enlightment龙场悟道<br />
19. Liu Jin刘瑾<br />
Questions<br />
1. What is the basic course of the development of the philosophy of the mind in the Ming Dynasty?<br />
2. Where did Wang Shouren comprehend the philosophy of mind?<br />
3. What theory did WangShouren put forward when he gave lectures in Guiyang?<br />
4. What does WangShouRen think is the relationship between knowledge and action?<br />
5. What is the historical significance of the unity of knowledge and action?<br />
References<br />
1. 王阳明, 《传习录》;中州古籍出版社2008年1月<br />
2. 《明史》 列传第八十三 王守仁传,国学网[引用日期2014-01-21]<br />
3. 当年明月．《明朝那些事儿》：浙江人民出版社，2011年11月第1版<br />
4. 杨嵘 编著．《王阳明大全集》．北京：中国华侨出版社，2011年<br />
5. 余姚历史人物——四大先贤 ．浙江在线[引用日期2020-08-20]<br />
6. 《王守仁》，中国网[引用日期2014-01-20]<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
<br />
Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
<br />
'''Origin'''<br />
<br />
Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
<br />
During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
<br />
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
<br />
In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
<br />
In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
<br />
After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
<br />
Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
<br />
'''Classification'''<br />
<br />
1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
<br />
Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
<br />
the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
<br />
Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
<br />
2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
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3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
<br />
'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
<br />
1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
<br />
2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
<br />
3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
<br />
'''Significance of content'''<br />
<br />
Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
<br />
2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
<br />
3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
<br />
4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
<br />
•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
<br />
•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
<br />
•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
<br />
•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
<br />
'''Introduction''' <br />
<br />
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
<br />
Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
<br />
'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
<br />
'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
<br />
https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
<br />
Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
<br />
'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
<br />
'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
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Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
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'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
<br />
The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
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The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
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The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
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The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
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The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
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Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
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Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
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Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
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Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
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<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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Deyunshe 德云社<br />
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Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
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Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
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Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
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Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
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Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
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Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
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Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
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Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
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The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
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Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
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Xiangua 现挂<br />
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Dougen 逗哏<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
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2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
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3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
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4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
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5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
<br />
''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
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Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
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'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
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In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
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Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
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Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
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jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
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'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
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Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
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'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
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Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
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'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
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There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
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'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
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'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
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Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
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'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
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'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
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The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
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The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
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[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
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[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
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Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
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Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
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Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
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Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
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egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
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Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
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jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
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momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
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'''Question'''<br />
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1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
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2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
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3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
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4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
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5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
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===History===<br />
[[File:450px-Higasa_hikone.jpg]]<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Lu Ban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
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'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
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The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
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'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
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Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
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'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
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The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
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1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
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2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
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3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
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4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
<br />
5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
<br />
'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
<br />
1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
<br />
Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
<br />
2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
<br />
Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
<br />
3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
<br />
His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
<br />
4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
<br />
His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
<br />
'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
<br />
"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
<br />
'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
<br />
"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
<br />
"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
<br />
"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
<br />
[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
<br />
1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
<br />
2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.Construction<br />
<br />
The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
<br />
The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
<br />
4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
<br />
5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
<br />
Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
<br />
The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
<br />
'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
<br />
The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
<br />
Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
<br />
Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
<br />
Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
<br />
'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
<br />
The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
<br />
'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
<br />
1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
<br />
In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
<br />
2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
<br />
Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
<br />
3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
<br />
The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
<br />
4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
<br />
Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
<br />
5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
<br />
Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
<br />
'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
<br />
'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
<br />
Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
<br />
First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
<br />
[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
<br />
2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
<br />
In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
<br />
3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
<br />
4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
<br />
Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
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Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
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China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
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1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
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Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
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2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
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Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
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3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
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Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
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4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
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Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
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Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
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5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
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Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
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6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
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Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
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7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
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Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
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8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
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Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
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9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
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Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
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10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
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11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
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Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
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12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
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Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
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13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
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Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
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14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
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15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
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16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
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17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
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Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
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37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
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18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
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Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
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19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
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20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
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Origin<br />
<br />
The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
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Development<br />
<br />
Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
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Costume<br />
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Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
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Artistic features<br />
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The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
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Tune<br />
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Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
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The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
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The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
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Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
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Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
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Classical Works<br />
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Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
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1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
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Introductions on Lion dance <br />
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The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
<br />
The Origin of Lions<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
<br />
The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
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The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
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The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
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First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
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Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
<br />
The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
<br />
(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
<br />
(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
<br />
(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
<br />
Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
<br />
Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
<br />
(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
<br />
(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
<br />
(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
<br />
(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Terms:<br />
<br />
Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
<br />
References:<br />
<br />
中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
<br />
'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
<br />
'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
<br />
'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
<br />
'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
<br />
In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
<br />
In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
<br />
With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
<br />
'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
<br />
1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
<br />
In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<br />
Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
<br />
Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
<br />
'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
<br />
After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
<br />
1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
<br />
Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
<br />
In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
<br />
2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
<br />
After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
<br />
'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
<br />
Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
<br />
The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
<br />
The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
<br />
2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
<br />
Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
<br />
Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
<br />
Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
<br />
3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
<br />
Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
<br />
Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
<br />
4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
<br />
By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
<br />
The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
<br />
'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.Creating needs actively.<br />
<br />
Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
<br />
Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
<br />
2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
<br />
User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
<br />
3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
<br />
Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
<br />
'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
<br />
1.The crisis of confidence<br />
<br />
Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
<br />
2.The problem of low quality<br />
<br />
Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
<br />
3.The damage of corporate image<br />
<br />
The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
<br />
'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
<br />
1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
<br />
After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
<br />
2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
<br />
If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
<br />
3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
<br />
Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
<br />
4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
<br />
5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
<br />
The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
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Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
1.百度百科<br />
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2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
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4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
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5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
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"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
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Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
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1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
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2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
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3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
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4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
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5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
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6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
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7.How to solve these problems?<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==<br />
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Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People<br />
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The Tujia are a long-established ethnic group with their own language, but they do not have their own character and use the character of the Han. In October 1956, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission identified the Tujia as a single ethnic group through ethnic identification. The Tujia call themselves "Bizka（毕兹卡）", "Mikiqa（密基卡）" or "Bejinqa（贝锦卡）", which means "people born and raised in the land". Despite the fact that they do not have a written language, they still have their own cultural identity, especially in the form of marriage and burial customs.<br />
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'''Marriage customs'''<br />
In the history of the Tujia, marriage was relatively free. A man and a woman could marry after free love, with the consent of both parents and the testimony of a Tujia teacher (wizard). On the 12th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, young men and women sang and danced, fell in love with each other and became lifelong partners.<br />
After the reform and conform, the Tujia were forced to carry out arranged marriages by parents and matchmakers. Before liberation, there was the custom of aunts and uncles marrying in table and house marriages. In the case of aunts and uncles, the marriage of an aunt's daughter must marry the son of an uncle's family, also known as "return the bone seed(Huan Guzhong 还骨种)"; brother received sister-in-law after the brother’s death, known as "sitting bed(坐床)". But now these customs have ceased to exist in modern times.<br />
After the nation’s liberation, the people's government promulgated a new marriage law, and since then, the Tujia people have truly enjoyed the happiness of marital autonomy. The marriage rituals of the Tujia family include "proofing（打样）", "marriage proposal（求婚）", "asking for red ginger（讨红庚）", "betrothal" （定亲）(commonly known as "inserting thatched incense"，插茅香), "seeing the date（看期）" and "welcoming the bride（亲迎）". This is similar to the six rites of the Han. The more characteristic marriage rituals are the accompanying of the ten sisters, the accompanying of the ten brothers and the weeping of the bride. As a unique wedding form of the Tujia wedding custom - crying marriage(哭嫁), in the Tujia settlement area for about two to three thousand years of history. According to the analysis of folklore experts, crying marriage is likely to be a matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society in the transition of the "bride snatching" customs of the remaining phenomenon. With the continuous progress of society, cry marriage has long lost the original meaning of bride kidnapping, but has become a traditional custom in the home life of the Tujia people to carry out ritual ethics and marriage education. In fact, it is not the bride alone who cries, but the collective cries of relatives within and outside the family, which is "familial". There are more than 20 procedures in the weeping marriage of the Tujia f, and for each item the bride cries, there are accompanying and opposite weepers. The weeping not only has a lot of content, but also has a long and strict procedure, which is "ceremonial".<br />
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'''Burial Customs'''<br />
The connotation of Tujia funeral culture is rich, which is the attitude of people towards death, and the culture of different forms of funeral customs represents the composition of a nation's culture, which is a unique cultural phenomenon of Tujia. The way of Tujia funeral in the history of the first people to implement cremation, but also rock coffin burial（岩棺葬）, etc. The development of the Tujia funeral has formed a ritual with the characteristics of the nation.<br />
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'''1.The Funeral Dance'''<br />
The funeral dance of the Tujia family has been recorded since the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the Tujia people sing and dance wildly in front of the dead, which has become an important way to pay tribute to the dead and comfort the living. The mourning dance has not only its cultural connotation, but also its distinctive artistic characteristics, which are mainly reflected in the musical composition and the singing and movement of the dance.<br />
One of the most important steps of a funeral is Jumping mourning(跳丧).Jumping mourning is specifically when the neighbors in the neighborhood after the death of the elders, dark neighbors will go to this home for jumping mourning, the family of the deceased will vacate the place in advance as well as prepare the tobacco and wine. The coffin of the deceased is placed in the main hall, and then the cowry drum is placed in the wooden foot basin in front of the left side of the coffin. The mourning dance is led by the Taoist priest, and the eldest son holds the deceased father's or mother's spiritual tablet in his hands, leading dozens of mourning men and women to dance vigorously in the courtyard collapse, forming different formations during the dance.<br />
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'''2.The Mourning Hall Singing'''<br />
The funeral form of the Tujia family is also the more important form of mourning and sitting mourning, also called mourning hall singing, which is only singing but not dancing mourning ceremony, sitting night may be several days and nights until the funeral and burial. During the sitting night, the mourning son sits around the pipe. The mourning son sits around the pipe and sings through one or two singers who beat the drums and say auspicious words, and then sings about the deceased's life experiences and achievements, including historical figures and historical allusions, by leading and helping the singers. This ritual song and dance was continued through the centuries, and the funeral song and dance became the main form of expression.<br />
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'''3.Funeral Culture Connotations'''<br />
The mourning ceremony of the Tujia family has a distinct function of social edification and is passed on as a cultural phenomenon, mainly because it has a corresponding social function, and its function in expressing emotions is more significant. The descendants send the bones and souls of their ancestors to the Elysium, which is carried out in a rich jumping mourning, which can also be a great adjustment for the descendants' psychology to settle their souls. On the temporal as well as the spatial level, the selection of auspicious days for the funeral and the sending of the soul to the blissful world are all helpful to appease the soul of the descendants.<br />
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'''Questions''' <br />
1. Do the Tujia have their own ethnic script?<br />
2. Was marriage free in the historical Tujia family?<br />
3. What are the marriage rites of the Tujia?<br />
4. What are the main artistic features of mourning?<br />
<br />
'''Reference：'''<br />
［1］ 廖从刚.土家族婚俗中的哭嫁习俗.《寻根》,2005年.02期<br />
［2］ ［2］余继平 . 大悲之日 , 欢歌——土家族特殊的丧葬习俗［J］. 中华手工 ,2015 （02）.<br />
［3］ 关于武陵山区土家族葬礼文化探究 邵启富 53_54·《长江丛刊》,2018年.31期<br />
王刚 . 武陵山区土家族葬礼文化初 探［J］. 铜仁职业技术学院学报 ,2017（03）<br />
-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 07:20, 29 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=145840Culture2022 final exam papers2022-06-29T07:11:53Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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<span style="color:red">Every student needs to find a topic, which is not in the textbook and has not been presented in class. Please check your topics in regard of this. All topics are ok except for those with red marks. Please suggest a new topic instead and wait for the teacher to remove the red marks.</span><br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
China's currency not only has a long history, but also a wide variety, creating a unique currency culture.<br />
China's earliest currency was sea shells. By the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, shell coins had completely receded from the historical stage.<br />
The pre-Qin period was an important period in the occurrence and development of Chinese currency. With the expansion and refinement of the division of labour and the development of the commodity economy, primitive money began to appear in the late New Age, acting as a medium of exchange for goods; after that, it entered an era when primitive money, metal-weighed money and minted coins were used together.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Shouren==<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰— Martial Arts:The Development of Chinese Swordsman Spirit==<br />
--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:46, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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the outline of the first paragraph: a brief introduction of Chinese swordsman spirit+my basic understanding of Chinese swordsman spirit +the overall outline(perspectives)of the essays.<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
Luosifen, also called Snail rice noodle, is a Chinese noodle dish with “offensive” oder and a speciality of the city of Liuzhou, in Guangzhou, southern China.<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
'''Chinese Paper Cutting'''<br />
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Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art of cutting patterns on paper with scissors or carving knives to decorate life or to complement other folk activities. In China, paper-cutting has a wide popular base and is interwoven into the social life of people of all ethnic groups, and is an important part of various folklore activities. Its visual images and stylised formats, which continue to be passed down, contain rich cultural and historical information, express the social perceptions, moral concepts, practical experiences, life ideals and aesthetic interests of the general public, and have multiple social values such as cognition, edification, expression, expression, entertainment and communication.<br />
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'''Origin'''<br />
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Paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty, and the art of paper-cutting could not have existed before then, but the use of thin sheets of material to make crafts through the technique of hollowing and carving was popular long before paper appeared. The earliest paper cuttings found in China are five paper cuttings of flowers from the Northern Dynasties (386-581 AD), unearthed near the Flaming Mountains in Turpan, Xinjiang.<br />
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During the Tang Dynasty, paper-cutting was already in a period of great development, and folklore also made use of paper-cutting in the form of funnel printing plates, where people carved thick paper into flower plates and funneled dyes onto cloth to form beautiful patterns.<br />
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During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were already artists who cut paper as a profession. The maturity of the paper-making industry in the Song dynasty, with its wide range of paper products, provided the conditions for the popularity of paper-cutting. For example, they were used as gifts, as window flowers, or as decorations for lanterns and tealights. <br />
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In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the art of paper-cutting matured and reached its heyday. Although the art of paper-cutting came from the folk, it became a universal art in the Qing Dynasty.<br />
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In the early twentieth century, the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advocated by advanced intellectuals such as Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, Liu Hannong and Zhou Zuoren, established the beginnings of Chinese folklore studies. In the 1930s, the artist Chen Zhinong began his research and creation of folkloric paper cutouts in Beijing. He used sketches and silhouettes to depict a large number of customs and folklore in old Beijing, including street vendors, workshops and artisans, food stalls and tea stalls, fairs and temples, and idle people in the marketplace.<br />
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In the 1940s, paper cut-outs based on real-life themes began to appear, and in 1944, for the first time, new folk paper cut-outs from the north-west were exhibited in the Shaanxi-Ganjiang-Ningxia border area, kicking off the development of paper-cutting art after the founding of New China. It can be said that paper-cutting in Yan'an ushered in a new era of paper-cutting in China.<br />
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After the founding of New China, under the guidance of the literary and artistic policy of "blossoming of a hundred flowers, pushing out new ideas", artists created a large number of new paper cuts expressing new socialist ideas and events, opening up the path of paper cutting creation and enriching the form and content of Chinese folk decorative arts. In addition to paper cutouts expressing the new weather in all walks of life, children, sports, acrobatics, songs and dances have also become the most common subjects for paper cutting.<br />
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Since its inception, the art of paper-cutting has been uninterrupted throughout Chinese history. It is one of the richest art forms in Chinese folk history and culture, as it has been incorporated into various folklore activities.<br />
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'''Classification'''<br />
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1. Monochrome Paper Cuttings<br />
Monochrome paper-cutting is the most basic form of paper-cutting, cut in various colours such as red, green, brown, black and gold, and is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. It is mainly used for window decorations and embroidery base patterns. Paper cuttings used for embroidery base patterns are often combined with cut-and-stab techniques. The stabbing is done by using the point of a needle to make small dots in the fine details of the pattern, leaving a 'hidden knife' in some parts, which can be used as a basis for changing stitches when embroidering. Folding paper cuts, silhouettes and torn paper are all forms of monochrome paper cutting.<br />
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Folding Paper-Cutting<br />
Folding paper-cutting is one of the most common methods of folk expression. The so-called folding papercut is a papercut made by folding and cutting in different ways. Folding paper cuttings are simple, easy to make, labor-saving and time-saving, shape general and certain deformation, especially suitable for the performance of structural symmetry of the form and symmetrical pattern, such as people, frogs, butterflies, turtles, reflections, fish, etc., geometric patterns, flowers, scenery, utensils and other subjects can be adapted, and unfolded extremely symmetrical, and can change a variety of suitable shape, two-party continuous, four-party continuous or multi-party continuous, which is it can long be This is one of the main reasons for its longevity, and it has played an important role in the popularisation of paper-cutting and the modelling of craft patterns in China.<br />
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the Silhouette<br />
The silhouette is an ancient form of paper-cutting art, which expresses the shape of people and objects through their outer contours, so it focuses most on the beauty and shape of the outer contours. The tools are mainly scissors and a carving knife, and the paper is usually black or heavy-coloured paper. When expressing the silhouette of a figure, it is usually cut while looking at the object. Silhouettes are well suited to showing translucent effects and are a very distinctive type of paper cutting.<br />
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Three, torn paper<br />
Torn paper is a new type of paper cut out from the traditional folklore. The method is to use different types of paper, using the method of tearing by hand to tear the shape, by hand instead of cutting will naturally be very limited, not suitable to show the effect of delicate work, but it is this limitation, but also shows its unique artistic personality, there is a kind of ancient and elegant simple, bold and majestic tone. In the process of tearing paper there is often a kind of randomness, a natural and natural flavour.<br />
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2. Colourful paper-cutting<br />
With the exploration and development of paper-cutting expression, the form and technique of colour paper-cutting is gradually increasing, with dot-dyeing, overlaying, colour separation, colour filling, wood printing, spray painting, outlining and colour weaving. Each form has its own characteristics and unique features: dot-dye paper cuttings nourishing, decorative strong; set of colour paper cuttings crisp, bright colour blocks; colour paper cuttings divided into distinctive, colourful; colour paper cuttings are simple, clean, sharp, all give people a different feeling.<br />
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3. Three-dimensional paper-cutting<br />
The three-dimensional paper cut-out can be monochrome or coloured. It uses a combination of painting, cutting, folding, gluing and other techniques to produce a new type of paper-cutting close to sculpture, relief, which draws on the skills of modern art, fully embodies the characteristics of realism and art romance, so that paper-cutting from a flat sense into three-dimensional, can be used for ornamental modelling and children's handicrafts [12].<br />
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'''Methods and techniques'''<br />
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1. Folding<br />
Folding paper to produce a repetitive pattern is one of the most basic paper-cutting techniques, and is also an expressive technique used in monochrome paper-cutting. The different effects it produces depend on the number and angle of the folds. When using this technique to cut flowers, the paper can be folded twice or three times before cutting, and the resulting pattern is a four-sided or six-sided flush shape. If you are cutting animals or people, the shape after folding once is symmetrical. The folding paper cut is a symmetrical pattern, so the resulting pattern has a more rhythmic feel. This technique is mostly used for cutting flowers and topiary flowers, etc.<br />
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2. Yin and Yang carving<br />
The basic effect of paper cutting is obtained through the use of yin and yang lines alone or in a mixture.<br />
Yin engraving, also known as engraving, is to carve away the outline of the structure of the object, the method of expressing lines in a large block, the effect is thick, strong, a strong sense of weight, a strong sense of black and white contrast, was cut to carve away the blank composition of the pattern, line and line are not connected.<br />
Yang engraving, also known as hollowing, is the exact opposite of shading, where the blanks are removed and the outline lines are retained. The lines of the pattern are solid, and the lines are connected. This method is smooth, clear and lusciously detailed.<br />
The combination of yin and yang is the best way to express paper cutting. The presence of both yin and yang carving methods in the same piece of work makes for a varied composition and a sharp contrast between black, white and grey in the picture, making it a highly expressive paper-cutting technique.<br />
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3. Three, piercing holes<br />
The basic outline is cut out on the paper with a knife or scissors, and then holes are pierced in the pattern with a needle, mainly to allow multiple layers of paper to be joined, while at the same time seeing the detail in the roughness. This technique is often used to embroider patterns, sometimes symmetrical, such as pillow flowers, shoe flowers, sleeve flowers, etc. When two to four of the same pattern are needed, the paper is cut and pierced with Xuan paper, and when it is unglued, there are several of the same pattern at the same time. The reason for using Xuan paper is that it is easy to adhere and thin enough to be used underneath for embroidery without affecting the aesthetic appeal. A quick and easy alternative to stapling is to use staples and staples, which also have the effect of joining multiple layers of paper.<br />
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'''Significance of content'''<br />
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Folk paper-cutting is good at combining a variety of objects together to produce the desired result. Whether one or more images are used in combination, they are all modelled by "using the image to imply meaning" or "using the meaning to construct the image", rather than according to objective natural forms. The artist is also apt to use similes to create a variety of auspicious objects, combining conventional images to express his own psychology. The pursuit of auspicious metaphors became one of the ultimate aims of the imagery combinations. Geographical isolation and cultural limitations, as well as the intrusion of adversity such as natural disasters, inspired a desire for a happy and fulfilling life. People's simple wish for good food and clothing, prosperity, health and longevity, and for everything to be as it should be, is conveyed through paper-cutting.<br />
There are many images reflecting productive life in folk paper-cutting, and one of the greatest similarities between these works is the exaggeration of the subject, such as a big fish, a big pepper, a big silkworm, a big grain, etc. Through paper-cutting, people make up beautiful images to comfort their hearts, to promote the great creativity of man in conquering nature, to build their ideal world, and to affirm the power of man and inspire the courage to continue the struggle<br />
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'''Questions'''<br />
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1.What are the earliest paper-cutting found in China?<br />
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2. What are the categories of paper-cutting?<br />
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3.What is Yin and Yang carving?<br />
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4.What is the greatest similarity between folk paper-cuttings?<br />
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'''References'''<br />
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• 赵辰昕. 唱响 非物质文化遗产保护专家访谈录[M]. 北京：中国发展出版社, 2012:295-296<br />
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•“非遗保护”在中国 ．人民网．2009-10-20[引用日期2015-10-12<br />
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•教育部办公厅关于公布第一批全国普通高校中华优秀传统文化传承基地名单的通知 ． - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站[引用日期2018-12-06]<br />
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•流行于中国民间的剪纸艺术 ．中国国际广播电台国际在线．2008-12-04[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•剪纸的历史 ．中华五千年[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•漫话剪纸艺术 ．正北方网．2012-03-02[引用日期2015-10-11]<br />
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•刘魁立，张旭. 剪纸[M]. 北京：中国社会出版社, 2008:16-17<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ==<br />
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'''Introduction''' <br />
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https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%91%E7%A4%BE/6675997<br />
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Deyunshe, originally named as the Beijing Conversation Conference, is one of the biggest Chinese crosstalk organizations and folk art performance groups in China. Established in 1995, Deyunshe has been the common abbreviation of Beijing Deyunshe Culture Communication Company Ltd. since its renaming in 2003. Following its key principle of “lead crosstalk back to the theatre”, in these years, Deyunshe has made important contribution to the inheritance and innovation of Chinese crosstalk, opera, pingshu and other forms of folk art performance. <br />
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'''The Development of Deyunshe'''<br />
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Crosstalk is a kind of intangible cultural heritage with a long history in China. Generally believed to be formed during the Emperor Xianfeng(1850-1861) and Emperor Tongzhi(1861-1874) period in Qing dynasty, the crosstalk art once almost disappeared but has been reborn and developed very rapidly especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. However, up to 1990s, crosstalk industry was locked into outmoded adversity again because of the newborn ways of entertainment, the decay of radios, and the obsolescence of the crosstalk content itself, etc.<br />
In 1995, crosstalk artists Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun established the Beijing Conversation Conference and began to perform at Guangde Building, Workers Club, Zhonghe Theatre and other tea houses or small-scale theaters. In 2003, the Beijing Conversation Conference changed its name to Deyunshe. In October 2004, Kaixin Chuaguan (Pleasant Teahouse), a programme of Beijing Joy FM, began to broadcast the live recordings of Deyunshe, showing a new performance form that differs from the traditional crosstalk at gala evenings. In 2010, Deyunshe changed its management methods into corporate governance, and made labor contract with all the artists. In July 2011, Deyunshe inaugurated a new form in the Beizhan Theatre, by using the dialects operas and comic dialogues to interpret crosstalk of various styles from the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China. In April 2013, the first branch of the Chinese crosstalk club, the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch, was established. On 17 July, 2014, Deyunshe started to call for the anti-vulgarity campaign to purify the crosstalk performance. After years of hard work, Deyunshe has come a long way in the resistance of the vulgarity, kitsch and low-brow content by destroying the decay and establishing the fresh. In June 2020, Deyunshe made a contract with Qilu University of Technology, planning to cooperatively build the Deyun College.<br />
Since the establishment of Deyunshe in 1995, Guo Degang and his apprentices always hold some principles to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese crosstalk. For example, they believe crosstalk is essentially a kind of entertainment instead of a way of preaching, and it must appeal to all ages and social groups and root in small-scale theaters where artists can truly interact with audiences and hear the direct feedback voices. In a certain degree, it is the appearance of Guo Degang and his Deyunshe that draws a blueprint for the future development and breathes new life into crosstalk industry.<br />
By 2022, Deyunshe has established many branches at home and abroad, including Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin, Changchun, Nanjing and Melbourne. As the headquarters of Deyunshe, Beijing Deyunshe is comprised of Tianqiao Theater, the birthplace of Beijing-style folk art, Sanlitun Theater, Sanqingyuan Theater, Xinjiekou Theater, Guangdelou Theater and Huguang Guild Hall Theater.<br />
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'''The Mentorship-system of Deyunshe'''<br />
<br />
<br />
https://www.bilibili.com/read/mobile?id=379863<br />
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Up to now, Deyunshe still follows the mentorship-system of traditional Chinese opera and folk art industries and only accepts male apprentices. Most members or artists of Deyunshe are Guo Degang’s and his partner Yu Qian’s apprentices. Following the rank of “Yun, He, Jiu, Xiao, Long, Teng, Si, Hai” (Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea)，every apprentice of Guo Degang will get a stage name after a formal ceremony of being admitted by Guo as his student after years of study.<br />
During the period of learning crosstalk, apprentices do not need to give any tuition to their masters. When eating or shopping together, junior students even do not need to pay their own bills if there are any other seniors. At the same time, apprentices of Deyunshe have to abide by the rules of the club, for example, obeying their masters’ instruction, respecting seniors and other counterparts, visiting their masters personally during the “Three Festivals and Two Birthdays”(the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters), paying attention to self-cultivation, learning the skills assiduously, and abstaining from gambling, prostitution and other illegal acts, etc. If any apprentice violates the regulations, his master will deprive his stage name and dismiss him.<br />
<br />
'''The Fandom Culture and Deyunshe'''<br />
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In recent years, Deyunshe has gained an increasingly larger fan base, and the fandom culture has dramatically influenced the development of Deyunshe. More crosstalk artists of Deyunshe are now regarded as celebrities and even idols. This is an unprecedented event in the history of crosstalk industry. On the one hand, the fandom culture does stimulate Deyunshe’s reformation and innovation. On the other hand, the complexity and pluralism of fans put much more pressure on artists. Sometimes the fans’ behavior such as trolling and invading comment areas and so on will cause heated controversies and damage the artists’ images. <br />
To thank for the fans’ support, Deyunshe holds a special performance, called the “Festival of Gang’s Fans” every September since 2010. Zhang Yunlei, one of Guo Degang’s apprentices, nowadays has enjoyed phenomenal popularity and been called “the Artist of Taiping Lyrics” of post-1990s generation because of his mellifluous and sensational voice, handsome looks and incredible life experience. Guo Degang, Zhang Yunlei, Yue Yunpeng, Meng Hetang, Qin Xiaoxian and other crosstalk artists use their own influence and the power of fans to promote the spread and productive protection of crosstalk and other forms of traditional Chinese folk arts. For example, in many of Zhang’s crosstalk performances, thousands of fans chorused traditional Taiping Lyrics, opera lyrics and songs to echo and support him. In addition, during the “Cultural and Natural Heritage Day” in 2019, the social platform of Weibo invited some artists of Deyunshe, including Zhang Yunlei, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Helun, Meng Hetang, and Zhou Jiuliang, to join a series of activities associated with the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage and disseminate crosstalk, pingshu, pingju (a local opera of north and northeast China), Beijing Opera, jinyun dagu (story- telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment) and so on to broader audience and receivers of traditional Chinese culture. <br />
<br />
'''Representative Artists of Deyunshe'''<br />
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https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E9%83%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B2%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Guo Degang, a famous Chinese crosstalk artist and the founder of Deyunshe, was born in Tianjin in 1973. He began to learn crosstalk, Beijing Opera, pingshu and so on at the age of 8, following his master, Hou Yaowen, a respected Chinese crosstalk artist. The New York Times described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais” in 2011, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.” As one of the the eighth-generation crosstalk performers, Guo Degang tries his best to appeal younger audiences by weeding out the didactic and stale contents and adding fresh contents that conform to the spirit of the age and are much closer to modern life. Based on tradition, he creates many new crosstalk works, including “Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment”, “The Bodyguard”, “Sell Opera Tickets”, and “I want to be on the Spring Festival Gala Evening”, etc.<br />
Yu Qian, the fixed partner of Guo Degang and an apprentice of Chinese crosstalk master Shi Fukuan, is an expert at interacting with audiences and performing “Xiangua” (improvise on jokes in crosstalk). His acting style is cultured and leisurely, differing from but matching with Guo Degang’s lively and theatrical style.<br />
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<br />
https://m.baidu.com/sf/vsearch?pd=image_content&word=%E5%B2%B3%E4%BA%91%E9%B9%8F%20%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F&tn=vsearch&sa=vs_kg_star_toppic&ms=1&from=1001192y&atn=page&fr=tab<br />
<br />
Yue Yunpeng, an apprentice of Guo Degang, mainly performs crosstalk as “Dougen” (the lead actor) with his fixed partner Sun Yue. As an old friend of all different gala evenings and a representative of new-generation crosstalk artist, Yue performed crosstalk at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala for five times. His crosstalk works are always related to social reality, using a humorous way to criticize and roast the hypocrisy and seamy side of today’s society.<br />
<br />
'''Different Ranks of Deyunshe Members'''<br />
<br />
The rank of “wen” (culture): Xie Jin<br />
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The rank of “ming” (bright): Guo Degang, Yu Qian, Gao Feng, Sun Yue, Liu Zhe, Wang Shaoli, Shi Aidong, Liu Chunshan, Yang Jinming, Hou Zhen, Zhang Deyan, Zheng Hao<br />
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The rank of “yun” (cloud): Zhang Yunlei, Kong Yunlong, Luan Yunping, Yu Yunting, Zhu Yunfeng, Yue Yunpeng, Ning Yunxiang, Li Yunjie, Zhao Yunxia, Li Yuntian, Tao Yunsheng, Zhang Yunfan, Yu Yuntian<br />
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The rank of “he” (crane): Cao Heyang, Liu Hexiang, Yan Hexiang, Li Helin, Li Hebiao, Liu Heying, Zhang Helun, Gao Hecai, Zhang Hejun, Ji Hewu, Wu Hechen, Meng Hetang, Ynag Hetong, Liang Hekun, Zhong Hexuan, Ma Heqi, Zhang Hefeng, Yu Hezhen, Liu Heqing, Zhang Hewen, Sun Hebao, Yang Heling, Zhang Hefan, Qi Hetao, Lang Heyan, Guan Hebai, Wang Hejiang, Gao Hepeng, Liu Helong, Li Hedong, Zhang Hejian, Jin Henian, Fang Hedi, Jin Helan, Zhu Hesong, Luan Hehua, Zhang Heluan, Li Hepu, Zhang Heqing, Liu Hean, Huang Hefei, Pi Hean, Xing Hewei, liu Hedan<br />
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The rank of “jiu” (nine): Zhang Jiuling, Li Jiuchun, Zhou Jiuliang, Yang Jiulang, Zhang Jiuchi, Gao Jiucheng, Wang Jiulong, Zhang Jiunan, He Jiuhua, Zheng Jiulian, Li Jiujiang, Sun Jiuxiang, Liu Jiuren, Guan Jiuhai, Shang Jiuxi, Li Jiuchong, Liu Jiuru, Liu Jiusi, Chen Jiufu, Chen Jiupin, Ni Jiutao, Dong Jiuli, Li Jiutian, Chen Jiutong, Cao Jiutai, Zhang Jiutai, Han Jiuming, Dong Jiuhan, Zhang Jiulin, Mei Jiuliang, Sun Jiufang, Ji Jiuxiao, Ma Jiumeng, Yin Jiuyan, Shen Jiuping, Liu Jiuhui<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (sky): Zhang Xiaobai, Wang Xiaoyi, Qin Xiaoxian, Fan Xiaoqi, Fan Xiaotang, E Xiaoxiong, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Wang Xiaohan, Zhang Xiaomo, Yang Xiaofeng, Xiao Xiaoyu, Kang Xiaozhe, Wang Xiaoxiu, Yang Xiaohong, Li Xiaoqiao, Sun Xiaoyao, Ge Xiaoqing, Wu Xiaoze, Wang Xiaokai, Ma Xiaosheng, Ma Xiaorong, Dong Xiaoye, Li Xiaohang, Gao Xiaofei, Ji Xiaotong, Chiwei Xiaotang, Dong Xiaoyuan, Zhang Xiaoting, Liu Xiaohang, Guo Xiaohan, Yang Xiaotai<br />
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The rank of “xiao” (bamboo)(apprentices of the rank of “yun”): Shang Xiaoju, Liu Xiaoting, Gao Xiaobei, Gao Xiaobao, Xu Xiaozhu, Li Xiaokui, Hou Xiaolou, Guo Xiaoqiao, Wang Xiaoge, Yu Xiaohuai<br />
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Apprentices of Yu Qian: Guo Qinlin, Feng Zhaoyang, Li Siming, Tai Rongjian, Guo Fenyang, Wu Suowei, Xiaolong<br />
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Apprentices of Sun Yue: Lu Shuo, Sun Zizhao, Li Shijin<br />
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Apprentices of Gao Feng: Lang Haochen, Miao Haoyu, Song Haoran, Wang Haoyue, Li Haoyang<br />
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Apprentices of Hou Zhen: Zhuang Zijian, Gao Lei, Hong Chen, Zhang Guotang<br />
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<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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Deyunshe 德云社<br />
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Beijing Conversation Conference 北京相声大会<br />
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Cloud, Crane, Nine, Sky, Dragon, Jump, Four, Sea 云鹤九霄，龙腾四海<br />
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Three Festivals and Two Birthdays (the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Spring Festival, the birthday of Confucius and the birthday of their masters) 三节两寿（端午节、中秋节、春节、孔子诞辰以及师父寿辰）<br />
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Festival of Gang’s Fans 钢丝节<br />
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Taiping Lyrics 太平歌词<br />
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Cultural and Natural Heritage Day 文化和自然遗产日<br />
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Jinyun dagu 京韵大鼓<br />
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Yang Naiwu Writes Indictment《杨乃武写状》<br />
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The Bodyguard 《大保镖》<br />
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Sell Opera Tickets 《卖吊票》<br />
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Xiangua 现挂<br />
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Dougen 逗哏<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
1.Hou Baolin, Xue Baokun 侯宝林, 薛宝坤. 《相声溯源》[''The Origin of Crosstalk'']. 人民教育出版社 People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983:1-13.<br />
<br />
2.Xiang Shi 向适. 论相声传统的继承与发展[On the Inheritance and Development of the Crosstalk Tradition]. 湖南第一师范学报 ''Journal of Hunan First Normal College'', 2008(03):155-157.<br />
<br />
3.You Hongxia, Tian Zhaoyuan 游红霞, 田兆元. 粉丝文化背景下非物质文化遗产的传承发展——以德云社相声为例[Inheritance and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage under the Background of Fans Culture—Taking Deyunshe Crosstalk as an Example]. 湖北民族大学学报 ''Hubei Minzu University Journal'', 2020(03):146-152.<br />
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4.Wikipedia 维基百科. Deyunshe 德云社 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyunshe<br />
<br />
5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==<br />
<br />
''' 1.Introduction '''<br />
<br />
Jiaozi are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. Jiaozi are folded to resemble Chinese sycee（元宝） and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. Jiaozi are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, jiaozi are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potsticker in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (锅贴). Potsticker was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book How to Cook and Eat in Chinese, which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried jiaozi with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried jiaozi.<br />
Jiaozi typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished jiaozi can be boiled, steamed, pan fried, or deep fried, and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup.<br />
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'''2.Origin and custom'''<br />
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In China, there are several different folk stories explaining the origin of jiaozi and its name.Traditionally, jiaozi was thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220)[1][2] by Zhang Zhongjing[3] who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. Jiaozi was originally referred to as "tender ears" (Chinese: 娇耳) because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make Jiao'er.[4]<br />
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Other theories suggest that jiaozi may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) jiaozi (饺子) were called jiaozi (角子). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book Guangya by Zhang Yi mentions jiaozi. Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the jiaozi, shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings.[5] Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), jiaozi become more popular, called Bian Shi (扁食). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of jiaozi in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan.[6] 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.[7]<br />
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Jiaozi may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is jiao (角), and jiaozi was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character “饺”, which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component jiāo (交) on the right.[8]<br />
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jiaozi look like yuan bao silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity.[9] Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a jiaozi for the lucky to find.[10]<br />
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'''3.Types of jiaozi'''<br />
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Jiaozi may be divided into various types :<br />
Boiled dumplings (水饺)<br />
Steamed dumplings (蒸饺)<br />
Pan-fried dumplings (煎饺)<br />
Deep fried dumplings (炸饺)<br />
Soup dumplings (汤饺)<br />
egg dumpling (蛋饺)<br />
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'''4.Fillings of dumplings'''<br />
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Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.<br />
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'''5.Folding techniques of jiaozi'''<br />
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There are many ways to fold jiaozi. Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape.[citation needed] Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold.[11] Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi.[12] This is crescent-shaped jiaozi, the most popular shape in China.<br />
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'''6.Variations of jiaozi'''<br />
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'''Guangdong'''<br />
Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to jiaozi, Guangdong gaau ji are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (虾饺), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion gaau ji by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.<br />
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Another Cantonese dumpling is yau gok (油角), which are made with glutinous rice dough and deep fried.<br />
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'''Guotie'''<br />
Guotie (锅贴) are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. Guotie differs from pan fried dumplings, or jianjiao, in that the shape of guotie is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. Guotie is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and jianjiao usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage, scallions, ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term "guotie" is often used as a synonym for the typical jianjiao rather than referring to a particular variety of it.<br />
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'''Gyōza'''<br />
The Japanese word gyōza was derived from the Jilu Mandarin reading of“饺子”, giǎoze, and the Japanese word is often written using the same Chinese characters. Following the Second World War, Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo（满洲国） in northeastern China brought home gyōza recipes.<br />
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The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil (rāyu in Japanese, làyóu (辣油) in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.<br />
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The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called yaki-gyōza, in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call guotie or potstickers (see above). Other popular methods include boiling sui-gyōza and deep frying age-gyōza.<br />
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'''Momo'''<br />
The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo. The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" ,[13] which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavouring. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.<br />
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The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called chutney/achhar[14]), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth).[15] To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.<br />
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'''Reference'''<br />
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[1] “Frozen ears: The story of guozas”. The Malay Mailthe origin of Jiaozi". [2]“Seeking XLB". The Austin Chronicl. [3] "The origin of jiaozi”. people.com.cn.Retrieved 2002-02-07.<br />
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[4]你知道冬至为什么吃饺子吗? 医圣张仲景发明". 人民网. 人民网. 23 December 2015.<br />
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[5]“Archaeologists Discover Ancient Dumplings in China". 16 February 2016.<br />
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[6] "Dumplings served 1,700 years ago in XinjiangDumplings served 1,700 years ago in Xinjiang". China Daily. Xinhua. Retrieved 24 January 2022.<br />
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[7] Hansen 2012, p. 11.<br />
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[8]Norman, Jerry (1988) Chinese, Cambridge University Press, pp. 76–77.<br />
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[9]"Steamed pork dumplings". Graceful Cuisine. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.<br />
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[10]Simonds, Nina (25 January 1995). "Dumplings, for a Lucky Year of the Pig". New York Times.<br />
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[11]Yarvin, Brian (2007). A World of Dumplings. New York: The Countryman Press. Woodstock, Vermont. p. 50. ISBN 9780881507201.<br />
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[12] "饺子的N种时尚新奇包法". 百度经验. 31 December 2012.<br />
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[13] Jīn Péng 金鹏 (ed.): Zàngyǔ jiǎnzhì 藏语简志. Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社, Beijing 1983, p. 31.<br />
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[14] Williams, James. "Momos Chutney Recipe". ReciPickr.com.<br />
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[15]"Anup's Kitchen | Traditional recipes, without shortcuts". Retrieved 2021-09-26.<br />
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'''Terms'''<br />
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Boiled dumplings 水饺<br />
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Steamed dumplings 蒸饺<br />
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Pan-fried dumplings 煎饺<br />
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Deep fried dumplings 炸饺<br />
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Soup dumplings汤饺<br />
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egg dumpling蛋饺<br />
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Nepali Hog Plum南酸枣；尼泊尔猪梅<br />
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jhol achar 将馍馍蒸熟后放入充满汤汁的碗里，汤称为jhol achar<br />
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momo尼泊尔饺子<br />
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'''Question'''<br />
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1.What shape are the dumplings folded into?<br />
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2.In traditional cognition, who invented jiaozi? Why he invented it?<br />
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3.How many types of dumplings are there?<br />
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4.How many variations of dumplings are there?<br />
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5.Do you like eat jiaozi?<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
Outline: 1. the development of P.S. technology in China from the ancient time to present time; 2. The influence of it on China people; 3. The importance of it to China.<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
===History===<br />
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the invention of Yun, wife of Luban. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." Early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. When oil-paper umbrellas first appeared is unknown. Some estimate that they spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil-paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil-paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature. By the 19th century, oil-paper umbrellas were a common item in international trade under the name kittisols.<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文 - stage entertainment:Yuan drama==<br />
<br />
'''The Definition of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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Yuan drama is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure-house of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements. Tang and Song poetry and Yuan drama have become three important milestones of the history of Chinese literature. <br />
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The Yuan Dynasty was the heyday of the Yuan drama. Generally speaking, poetic drama(杂剧) and non-dramatic song(散曲) are collectively called Yuan drama, and both use north drama as a singing form. Non-dramatic song is the main body of Yuan Dynasty literature. However, the achievements and influence of poetic drama far exceed that of non-dramatic song,so some people refer to Yuan drama singlely as "poetic drama", which is also "yuan dynasty opera".[1]<br />
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'''The Rise and development of Yuan Drama'''<br />
<br />
Reasons of rise<br />
The rise and development of Yuan drama has complex reasons. First of all, the fundation of the previous society was the basis for the rise of the Yuanqu.The vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, the prosperity of the city economy, the grand theater, the active book club and the countless audience laid the foundation for the rise of the Yuanqu; Secondly, the cultures of various ethnic groups in Yuan Dynasty exchanged and melted with each other, promoting the formation of Yuan drama; Third, Yuan drama isthe inevitable result of the inheritance and development of the literary tradition and the inherent law of poetry itself.<br />
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Development of Yuan drama<br />
The development of Yuan drama can be divided into three periods.<br />
Early period: The duriation between the founding of Yuan Dynasty and the destruction of Southern Song Dynasty. During this period, Yuan drama had just entered the poetry world from folk colloquial slang, and had distinct colloquial characteristics and a cheerful, simple and natural sentiment.Most of the authors in that period are northerners, among whom Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Wang Shifu, Wang Xiaojun and Bai Pu had the highest achievements.<br />
Middle period: from Zhiyuan period to post-Zhiyuan period. The creation of Yuan darama in this period began to make a comprehensive transition to literalization and specialization. Non-dramatic song became the main genre of poetry. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu, Sui Jingchen, Qiao Ji, Zhang Kejiu and so on.<br />
End: From Zhizheng period to the end of Yuan Dynasty. At this time, the composers of non-dramatic song were specialized in composing. They paid attention to the rhythm of words, deliberately seeking work in art and advocating elegance and delicacy, elegance and beauty. The represented writers are Zhang Yanghao and Xu Zaisi. [2]<br />
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'''Yuan Drama System'''<br />
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The system of Yuan drama is embodied in the following six aspects.<br />
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1.Temple(宫调): Temple refers to the mode of ancient Chinese music, the tune and temple are from court banquet music of Sui and Tang Dynasty.The north and south drama commonly used are five temples and four tones, including Zheng Gong(正宫), Zhonglu Gong(中吕宫), Nanlu Gong(南吕宫), Xianlu Gong(仙吕宫), Huangzhong Gong(黄钟宫) (five temples)(五宫), Damian tone(大面调), Double tone(双调), Shang tone(商调),Yue tone(越调) (four tones)(四调), each temple and tune has its own style. The number of opera sets and non-dramatic song sets in the yuanqu is formed by connecting two different song cards in the same palace key.<br />
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2.Qupai(曲牌): Commonly known as "Quzi", is a general name for various tunes, each with a special name, such as "Dot the red lip"(点绛唇), "Shan Po Yang"(山坡羊), etc. The total number is numerous, and there are 335 North Drama in Yuan Dynasty,each of which has a certain tune and singing method, and also stipulates the number of words, syntax, and pingshu of the song. According to this, people can fill in the new song lyrics, most of the song cards are from the folk, some of them are developed from the words, so Qupai is also the same as Cipai, but the content is not completely consistent. In addition, there are specially played Qupai, but most of them only have tunes and no lyrics.<br />
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3.Rhyme(曲韵): Yuan drama strictly abides by the requirements of the nineteen parts of the "Central China phonology" in terms of rhyme and divides it into flat, up, and go, and has the following characteristics in rhyme: flat rhyme, not avoiding heavy rhyme. It usually uses one rhyme to the end, borrowing rhyme, dark rhyme, redundant rhyme, and losing rhyme.<br />
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4.Level and oblique tones(平仄):Qu is more strict in the use of words than in Ci poetry, and pays special attention to the flatness of each last sentence.<br />
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5.Antithesis(对仗）：The Antithesis of Qu is relatively free, , that means it can use level tone to paralle with oblique tone, and level tone to parallel with level tone. There are thirteen kinds of confrontation forms of qu, such as "two-word pair"(两字对), "end-to-end pair"(首尾对), "serif pair"(衬字对), etc. and there are many characteristics in the use of language and word order combination, mainly manifested in that there are Gong Dui(a neat antithesis) and Kuan Dui(an untidy antithesis), but the phenomenon of Kuan Dui is more common; The sentence is self-contained,such as "loyal subjects are not afraid of death, afraid of death are not disloyal subjects".<br />
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'''Representatives of Yuan Drama '''<br />
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1.Guan Hanqing(关汉卿)<br />
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Guan Hanqing (1234 – c.1300), with courtesy name Hanqing and alias Yizhai(已斋), was a native of Xiezhou(解州) (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was also from Dadu(大都) (present-day Beijing) and Qizhou(祁州) (present-day Anguo, Hebei). The founder of Yuan drama, the first of the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama"(元曲四大家), together with Bai Pu(白朴), Ma Zhiyuan(马致远) and Zheng Guangzu(郑光祖), is known as the "Four Greats of Yuan Drama", and is known as "Qu sheng"(曲圣). <br />
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Guan Hanqing has the greatest achievement in poetic drama, with 67 now known and 18 extant, the most famous of which is "Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》). There are more than 40 Xiaoling(a short form of Yuan drama 小令) and more than 10 sets of scattered songs.<br />
Representatives of his work: "Snow in Summer","Rescued by a courtesan"(《救风尘》),"River-veiwing Pavilion"(《望江亭》),"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》)<br />
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2.Ma Zhiyuan(马致远)<br />
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Ma Zhiyuan, from Dadu (present-day Beijing), according to other research, Ma Zhiyuan is a native of Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, and the Dongguang County Chronicle and the Dongguang Ma Clan Genealogy are recorded. His courtesy name is Qianli(千里), which means "thousand miles" and in his later years, he used "East Fence"(东篱) as his alias to show his admiration for Tao Yuanming's ambition. The representative work is "Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》).<br />
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3.Zheng Guanzu(郑光祖)<br />
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His courtesy name is Dehui(德辉). He was a famous miscellaneous dramatist and composer inYuan Dynasty, and his miscellaneous dramas were "famous in the world and amaze boudoir"(名闻天下，声振闺阁) at that time.18 kinds ofpoetic dramas can be examined.The representative work is "Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》).<br />
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4.Bai Pu(白朴)<br />
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His original name was Heng(恒),and courtesy name was Renfu(仁甫), and later he changed his name to Pu(朴) and courtesy name to Taisu(太素), and his alias is Langu(兰谷). His ancestral home was Suizhou (隩州, near present-day Hequ, Shanxi), later migrated to Zhending(真定) (present-day Zhengding County, Hebei), and lived in Jinling(金陵) (present-day Nanjing) in his later years. He was a famous writer and miscellaneous dramatist of Yuan Dynasty, and one of "Four Greats of Yuan Drama". The masterpiece of him is "Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》).[3]<br />
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'''Four Tragedies of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Snow in Summer"(《窦娥冤》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"Wu Tong Rain"(《梧桐雨》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Han Gong Qiu"(《汉宫秋》) Ma Zhiyuan<br />
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"Chinese Orphan"(《赵氏孤儿》) Ji Junxiang<br />
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'''Four Love Dramas of Yuan Drama'''<br />
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"Worshiping-the-moon Pavilion"(《拜月亭》) Guan Hanqing<br />
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"The West Chamber"(《西厢记》) Wang Shifu(王实甫)<br />
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"Pei Shaojun And Li Qianjun"(《墙头马上》) Bai Pu<br />
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"Qian-nu's Soul Fleeying with Her Lover"(《倩女离魂》) Zheng Guanzu<br />
<br />
'''Reference'''<br />
<br />
[1].https://baike.sogou.com/v144704.htm[Z].<br />
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[2].唐定耀.元曲 针砭时弊[J].神州学人,2019,(03):01-02.<br />
<br />
[3].唱念做打 生旦净末——中国戏曲[J].万象,2019(01):34-37.<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instruments: Erhu==<br />
Music and Instruments:Erhu<br />
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1.A Brief Introduction<br />
The erhu is a Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument. It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It is one of the main bowed string instruments in the Chinese musical family used by various ethnic groups of China. The first Chinese character of the name of the instrument (二, èr, two) is believed to come from the fact that it has two strings. An alternate explanation states that it comes from the fact that it is the second highest huqin in pitch to the gaohu（高胡） in the modern Chinese orchestra. The second character (胡, hú) indicates that it is a member of the Huqin family, with Hu commonly meaning barbarians. The name Huqin literally means "instrument of the Hu peoples", suggesting that the instrument may have originated from regions to the north or west of China generally inhabited by nomadic people on the extremities of past Chinese kingdoms. <br />
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2.The Development of Erhu<br />
The Erhu, with a history more than one thousand years, originated from an ethnic minority in northeast China during the Tang Dynasty. And at that time, Erhu was called as Xiqin. <br />
During the Song Dynasty, it was called as Jiqin and had achieved a high level of performance according to scholar Shen Kuo, it is said that a minister Xu Yan’s had finished his playing with one of the string broken in front of the emperor and other ministers. <br />
During the Yuan Dynasty, people could accurately illustrate the principle of making a huqin, which pave the way for its further development. <br />
During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, Huqin became a main accompaniment instrument for opera which began prevailing. <br />
During Chinese modern times, the instrument was called as Erhu, and its performance has reached a very high level after more than half a century of development and spread. During this period, Liu Tianhua（刘天华） was the one who created Erhu’s new era and was seen as the father of the modern Erhu school. He assured five positions and created the vibrato(huaxian) technique, which expanded Erhu’s register, enriched its expression and made it sound more soft and smooth. He also departed it from accompaniments which laid the foundation for Erhu to enter the hall of elegance. <br />
After the founding of New China, ethnic and folk music developed rapidly. In order to vigorously explore the artistic treasures of folk artists, Hua Yanjun（华彦钧）, Liu Beimao（刘北茂） and other folk artists’ Erhu music was made into records, making the art of Erhu performance mushroom and develop rapidly. <br />
In the 1950s and 1960s, a group of erhu educators and performers represented by Zhang Rui（张锐）, Zhang Shao（张韶） and Wang Yi （王乙）emerged successively. Under their influence, new erhu performers such as Min Huifen（闵惠芬） and Wang Guotong（王国潼） were cultivated. For example, Erhu composer Liu Wenjin's（刘文金） Great Wall Capriccio （《长城随想曲》）gave full play to the performance of the Erhu and deliberately innovated to make the Erhu glow with new vitality and splendor.<br />
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3.Construction<br />
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The Erhu consists of a long vertical stick-like neck, at the top of which are two big tuning pegs, and at the bottom is a small resonator body (sound box) which is covered with python skin on the front (playing) end. Two strings are attached from the pegs to the base, and a small loop of string (Qian Jin) placed around the neck and strings acting as a nut pulls the strings towards the skin, holding a minute wooden bridge in place.<br />
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The parts of the Erhu:<br />
Qín tong (琴筒), sound box or resonator body; it is hexagonal (liu jiao, southern), octagonal (ba jiao, northern), or, less commonly, round.<br />
Qín pí/She pí (琴皮/蛇皮), skin, made from python. The python skin gives the erhu its characteristic sound.<br />
Qín gan (琴杆), neck.<br />
Qín tou (琴头), top or tip of neck, usually a simple curve with a piece of bone or plastic on top, but is sometimes elaborately carved with a dragon's head.<br />
Qín zhou (琴轴). tuning pegs, traditional wooden, or metal machine gear pegs<br />
Qiān jin (千斤), nut, made from string, or, less commonly, a metal hook<br />
Nèi xián (内弦), inside or inner string, usually tuned to D4, nearest to player<br />
Wai xián (外弦), outside or outer string, usually tuned to A4<br />
Qín ma (琴码), bridge, the medium in the vibration between the strings and the skin , made from wood<br />
Qín Gong (琴弓), bow, has screw device to vary bow hair tension<br />
Qín diàn (琴垫), pad, a piece of sponge, felt, or cloth placed between the strings and skin below the bridge to improve its sound<br />
Qín tuō (琴托) – base, a piece of wood attached to the bottom of the qín tong to provide a smooth surface on which to rest on the leg<br />
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4.Playing Technique<br />
(1)Tuning<br />
The erhu is almost always tuned to the interval of a fifth. The inside string (nearest to player) is generally tuned to D4 and the outside string to A4. This is the same as the two middle strings of the violin.<br />
(2)Position<br />
The Erhu is played sitting down, with the sound box placed on the top of the left thigh and the neck held vertically, in the similar fashion as that of a cello or double bass player. However, performers of more recent years have played while standing up using a specially developed belt-clip.<br />
(3)Right hand<br />
The bow is held with an underhand grip. The bow hair is adjusted so it is slightly loose. The fingers of the right hand are used to push the hairs away from the stick in order to create tension in the hairs. The bow hair is placed in between the two strings and both sides of the bow hair are used to produce sound, the player pushes the bow away from the body when bowing the outside string, and pulls it inwards when bowing the inside string.<br />
Aside from the bowing technique used for most pieces, the Erhu can be plucked, usually using the second finger of the right hand. This produces a dry, muted tone (if either of the open strings is plucked, the sound is somewhat more resonant) which is sometimes used in contemporary pieces.<br />
(4)Left hand<br />
The left hand alters the pitch of the strings by pressing on the string at the desired point. Being a fretless instrument, the player has fine control over tuning. Techniques include hua yin (slides滑音), rou xian (vibrato揉弦), and huan ba (changing positions换把).<br />
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5.Ten Chinese Erhu Classics<br />
(1)Er Quan Ying Yue (Moon reflection in Erquan)《二泉映月》<br />
(2)Liang Xiao (The Enchant Evening)《良宵》<br />
(3)Ting Song (Listen to the Pines) 《听松》<br />
(4)Kong Shan Niao Yu (The Birds Sing in Countryside)《空山鸟语》<br />
(5)Han Chun Feng Qu (Cold Spring Wind Song)《寒春风曲》<br />
(6)Yue Ye (Moonlight Night)《月夜》<br />
(7)Liu Bo Qu (Flowing Wave Song)《流波曲》<br />
(8)Bing Zhong Yin (Song by a Sick Man)《病中吟》<br />
(9)San Bao Fo (Buddha Sambo)（三宝佛）<br />
(10)Guang Ming Xing (Marching Toward Brightness)《光明行》<br />
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Reference<br />
[1]赵雪涵.二胡的发展历史与风格[J].北方音乐,2020(03):107-108.<br />
[2]Wikipedia entry<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love==<br />
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The concept of marriage and love is people's views and attitudes towards marriage and love. The views on marriage and love are not invariable, and people's views on marriage and love are different in different periods. The formation of the view of love and marriage has its complicated social and historical factors as well as individual subjective factors.In recent years, due to the influence of China's social and economic development and diversified changes in values, college students' views and understanding of love and marriage have undergone great changes, and many new phenomena have appeared in any previous period.<br />
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==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
'''1.Introduction'''<br />
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Tangyuan, also known as Yuanxiao, is both a traditional Chinese dessert made from glutinous rice flour and a festive food during the Lantern Festival. Tangyuan is sticky, sweet and round in shape. It is made with glutinous rice flour as the skin and the filling is made of sesame, peanuts, red beans, and even fruits. In Chinese, the pronunciation of Tangyuan is similar to "tuanyuan", which has the meaning of reunion, happiness, togetherness and harmony in Chinese, expressing people's hope for a fulfilling and blissful life.<br />
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'''2.The origin of Tangyuan'''<br />
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Tangyuan was originally developed in the Song dynasty(960-1279) in Mingzhou (明州) (current Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). It was also called Yuanxiao, the same name as the Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) in China.<br />
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The Winter Solstice is an important festival before the Chinese Lunar New Year. There was a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival”, which shows that the ancient people paid much attention to this festival. Eating Tangyuan during the winter solstice is a traditional custom in Jiangnan (the region south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River), which symbolizes reunion with family members and good fortune. Eating Tangyuan on the winter solstice is also called “winter solstice dumpling”. There was a saying among the folks that "eating Tangyuan to grow one year older". People not only made them for themselves, but they also send them to relatives and friends to express blessings. During the festival, Chinese people also used Tangyuan as one of the sacrifices to show their respect to Heaven and their ancestors.<br />
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Historically, a number of different names were used to refer to Tangyuan. During the Yongle era of the Ming Dynasty, the name was officially settled as Yuanxiao (derived from the Yuanxiao Festival), which is usually used in northern China. “Yuanxiao” in Chinese means the first full moon night in the new year, so the festival has a remarkable meaning to people in China.<br />
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Regarding the relations between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao, there was a legend in South China. During the regime of Yuan Shikai (1912–1916), he hated the name Yuanxiao because it sounded identical to “remove Yuan” (“袁消”), in Chinese, and thus he gave orders to change the name to Tangyuan (soup balls). [1]<br />
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Nowadays, Tangyuan usually refers to the southern style, while Yuanxiao refers to the northern style.<br />
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'''3. Differences between Tangyuan and Yuanxiao'''<br />
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The fundamental difference lies in their making, fillings, cooking, and storage.<br />
Yuanxiao has sweet and solid fillings and is served in a thick broth. The surface tends to be dry and soft and has a short shelf life. The process of making the dish begins with preparing the solid fillings that are then cut into small pieces. The filling is dipped into water then the dry glutinous rice flour repeatedly, until a round shape is achieved.<br />
Tangyuan can be stuffed with a variety of soft fillings that are either sweet or salty, and is served in a thinner soup. The texture is smooth and glutinous, and can be stored frozen for a long time. Tangyuan is made by wrapping the soft filling in a glutinous rice "dough" and shaping it into a ball. The southern variation is served in a broth that changes depending on the filling. Daikon radish and fish cake broth is used for savory fillings, or tong sui, which is "sugar water," for sweeter options.[2]<br />
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'''4. Types of Tangyuan'''<br />
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There are many types of featured Tangyuan and Yuanxiao throughout China. Here are some of the most prestigious ones:<br />
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1)Ling Tangyuan of Chongqing<br />
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In the 1930s, Mr. Lin Minghe, the founder of Lin Tangyuan, carried his vendor stand selling Tangyuan on the street of Chongqing. As his Tangyuan tasted so well that it soon became a popular snack of the town. Later, Mr. Lin worked with others to expand his business in Chongqing and opened branch restaurants in other cities like Chengdu, Kunming, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanning. Later he became a business tycoon. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, Mr. Lin vigorously funded the then government to fight against Japanese army. And his brand of Lin Tangyuan was renamed to Ling Tangyuan. Up to now, it has become one of the favorite snacks of the people in Chongqing.<br />
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2)Five-colored Tangyuan in Suzhou<br />
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Wumen Rice Noodle Restaurant in Suzhou serves its unique Tangyuan in five colors, which are stuffed with 5 kinds of fillings respectively, including pork, rose with lard, bean paste, sesame, and osmanthus flower with lard. The snack is both sweet and salty with the five colors: pink, green, golden, creamy and deep brown, which come from the natural ingredients like pumpkin, carrot, tea, wheat, etc.<br />
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3)4-flavor Tangyuan in Guangdong Province<br />
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The locals firstly boil or steam mung beans, red beans, candied white gourds, and taro roots respectively. Then peel them, add sugar, sesame, cooked lard and other seasonings to make four kinds of sweet fillings, and stuff them into the glutinous rice balls with different marks on the surface. Cook all the four types of Tangyuan in a pot of boiling water. When it is ready, every bowl will have 4 balls with different fillings. This style of Tangyuan originated in the late Qing Dynasty.<br />
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4)Sisters’ Tangyuan in Changsha<br />
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Sisters’ Tangyuan is a well-known snack in Changsha with a history of 70 years. It was named after the two sisters of Jiang’s family who ran the business years ago. They use hawthorn paste, white sugar, dried osmanthus flowers as filling. The rice balls look snowy white and translucent with a smaller size and exquisite sweet taste.<br />
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5)Chicken Tangyuan in Xingyi of Guizhou Province<br />
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Founded in the late Qing Dynasty and passed down by four generations, it has a history of more than one hundred years and has become one of the four famous snacks in Xingyi area of Guizhou today. Unlike most of the other Tangyuan, the Xingyi Chicken Tangyuan is unique with a salty taste. The sticky rice balls are filled with minced chicken, pork, chicken soup, and sesame paste.[3]<br />
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'''5. Different flavors and fillings for Tangyuan'''<br />
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Tangyuan is a versatile food that can be served plain as glutinous rice balls or stuffed with different fillings. It has both sweet and savory fillings. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, nutlet（果仁）, sesame, osmanthus flowers（桂花）, red beans, bean paste, or jujube paste（枣泥）. Modern Tangyuan fillngs can include chocolate, rose, matcha, and various fruit such as strawberry or durian. A single ingredient or any combination can be used for the filling. Savory fillings are made of crushed peanuts, minced meat, mushroom and cabbage.<br />
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'''6. Steps of making Tangyuan'''<br />
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Making Tangyuan is rather time-consuming, but the results are impressive.<br />
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First, mix black sesame powder with pork belly fat or lard and sugar, heat the mixture a little bit, and put it on the plate. Next, you add some hot or cold water to the glutinous rice flour to form a wet dough and slowly mix it evenly. Then cut the dough into small pieces of similar weight, use hands to roll these pieces into small balls. Then make a hole in the ball, insert the sesame fillings you prepare before and knead it into a ball again in your palm. These balls are then placed into the boiled water one by one. When they float on the soup, turn the flame down and continue to boil for about one minute. Finally, turn the heat off, transfer these lovely balls into a soup bowl and enjoy your delicious meal!<br />
<br />
[1][3]Tang Yuan (Yunanxiao) Recipe, Chinese Glutinous Rice Balls - Easy Tour China<br />
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[2]Tangyuan (food) - Wikipedia<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
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1.Introduction<br />
Snub-nosed monkey, a member of the genus Simiidae, is an IUCN endangered species with large nostrils, upturned lips, thick lips, and no cheek pouches. The snub-nosed monkey lives in broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at altitudes of 1400-3000 meters. They fear the heat, but tolerate the cold, and live in families.<br />
Golden monkeys include Burmese golden monkeys, Sichuan golden monkeys, Yunnan golden monkeys, Guizhou golden monkeys, and Vietnam golden monkeys. Except Burmese golden monkeys and Vietnam golden monkeys, other golden monkeys are rare and unique to China, and are listed as endangered species on the Red List of Species. This paper will introduce three kinds of golden monkeys endemic to China.<br />
<br />
2.Sichuan golden monkeys<br />
Sichuan Golden Monkey: the “Most Beautiful Monkey” among Primates. Only Sichuan snub-nosed monkey can truly match the word "golden silk", the other four species are all gray or black. Adult golden snub-nosed monkeys have colorful fur, with golden-red, red-brown, silver-gray hairs and long hairs around them. The main tone is yellowish-brown, thick and long. Adult male golden snub-nosed monkeys have long golden hairs of up to 30 cm on their back and shoulders. Due to the climate, the color of the golden snub-nosed monkey is also different. Every summer and autumn, they are the most beautiful. Golden brown and red long hairs set off against each other shine in the sunshine, which looks like wearing a golden cloak from a distance, looking majestic.<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys and giant pandas both belong to the treasure animals. Sichuan golden monkeys' colour is gorgeous, unique shape, grace, gentle nature, popular people's favorite, has a lot of appeal to the public, to be able to attract the public attention and get the favour of protection fund, not only can make themselves under the protection of the better, and to jointly protect the smaller species <br />
<br />
In 2019, modern Art magazine took the lead in exclusively planning and organizing the implementation of the series of commemorative activities of "The 150th Anniversary of the Scientific discovery of The Giant Panda and golden Monkey". As the place where the giant panda and golden monkey were discovered, Sichuan has made continuous efforts in recent years to make the giant panda and golden monkey the cultural name card of Sichuan, actively do a good job in the inheritance and protection of the giant panda and golden monkey culture, and promote the development and spread of the Great Beauty of Sichuan, Ecological Sichuan and cultural Sichuan. Sichuan is vigorously developing its cultural tourism industry, comprehensively establishing its cultural tourism brand, and speeding up the construction of a strong cultural province. The successful development and dissemination of the series of themed commemorative activities of "China Double Treasure Sichuan Name Card" is not only a traditional expression of literary and artistic commemoration, but also an innovative cultural tourism publicity practice. It is also the proud work of a series of literary and art works that Sichuan Federation of Literary and art circles around the new slogan of cultural tourism.<br />
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3.Guizhou golden monkeys<br />
Guizhou golden monkey is also known as "grey snub-nosed monkey". However, its body is a bit like Sichuan golden monkey but a slightly smaller, with a long tail like an oxtail, the tail is longer than the body, giving people a particularly funny feeling, so the local people also called it "oxtail monkey". Guizhou golden monkey body back in beige, some yellow tonal, limb lateral hand upward from the shoulders back, the nose and mouth slightly concave down, face the pale gray or pale blue, is blue nose, eyebrows, ridge, shoulder MAO, 160 mm by black gradient for the light beige, under the neck, armpits, and the arms for golden, shares to yellowish gray, The body color changes of upper limbs are the same as that of lower limbs. The tail head is dark gray to the tail is yellowish white or black, the whole body is silver gray, the young is light, the top of the head is gray, the inside of the limbs is milk gray, and it is called "snub-nosed monkey".<br />
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey is a rare species unique to China and one of the rare and endangered species in the world. It was once in a prosperous period in history and was widely distributed in more than 10 provinces and regions around Guizhou. Currently, it is only confined to Fanjing Mountain area in Tongren. The number of pandas is even rarer than that of giant pandas, and it is known as "the only child in the world".<br />
Tongren has rich cultural accumulation and is a tourist city with many unique representative elements. Nowadays, Guizhou golden monkey is known by more and more people, and it is also a national first-class protected animal. Fanjing Mountain in Tongren is a tourist resort. Integrating the natural form elements of Guizhou golden monkey and the characteristic culture of Tongren into the cartoon image design will make the cartoon character more interesting and influential, and make it more accepted and liked by more people. Let people have the opportunity to contact the excellent works with the "flavor" of Tongren area. Relative to foreign complicated cartoon image, Guizhou golden monkey card image can give a person shine at the moment of feeling, careful analysis and use of the advantage resources, can make Guizhou golden monkey cartoon image design of rapid development, even in the future and foreign cartoon image tied, equal, let the cartoon image of Tongren regional culture through inheritance.<br />
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4.Yunnan golden monkeys<br />
Yunnan golden monkey is a national treasure as famous as the giant panda. Yunnan golden monkey is the most human-like animal in the world, with human-like teeth and an unforgettable "flaming red lip". In fact, in addition to the face is very human-like, Yunnan snub-nosed monkey also like human footprints, wide at the front and narrow at the back, but much smaller than human feet. In general, male monkeys have the largest foot, but it is less than half the size of adult male human feet, no more than 15 cm in length, especially indented.<br />
They are also one of the highest altitude distribution and largest primates on the earth. They live in the alpine taiga belt all year round, and are known as the "snow Mountain spirit", mysterious and elegant. Located in a global biodiversity hotspot where "three rivers flow simultaneously" in the Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys live in the narrow mountain range from Mangkam in Xizang province in the north to Yunlong in Dali in the south. Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve is the largest Yunnan golden monkey reserve in China.<br />
Since the first golden monkey appeared, the number of golden monkeys in China has doubled to more than 3,000. Every day, when the monkeys go to sleep, the rangers go home. The next day, before the monkey got up, the ranger was already by the monkey's side, starting a new day of guarding. The first group of monkey keepers began to protect Yunnan golden monkeys at the age of 45 and have been protecting them for 22 years now. Behind the continuation of the whole Yunnan golden monkey species is the blood, sweat and tears of three generations of monkey keepers for decades.<br />
The biodiversity in Yunnan is extremely rich, and the number of species in each major group is close to or more than half of that in China. However, due to the large difference of natural ecological environment, the distribution area of biological population and ecosystem is small, the ecological adaptability is low, and it is very sensitive to external disturbance. In recent years, Yunnan has adhered to the principle of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, strengthened the protection of biodiversity, improved the system of natural protected areas, and improved the quality of ecosystem. The Chinese government and people get world must carefully biodiversity of the management behavior. The story of Yunnan's rescue of the Asian elephant, an endangered species, has warmed the world. The 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) will be held in Kunming. Yunnan accounts for 4.1% of the land area of the country, but it covers the types of ecosystems on the earth except ocean and desert. COP15 is held in Yunnan, which is inseparable from the rich resources and remarkable biodiversity conservation effect of Yunnan.<br />
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Terms and expressions<br />
Simiidaen. 类人猿科<br />
Burmese golden monkeys 缅甸金丝猴<br />
Sichuan golden monkeys 川金丝猴<br />
Guizhou golden monkeys黔金丝猴<br />
Yunnan golden monkeys 滇金丝猴<br />
Vietnam golden monkeys 越南金丝猴<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
How many kinds of golden monkeys are there?<br />
What are the three kinds of golden monkeys unique to China?<br />
How does Sichuan Golden Monkey differ from the other four Golden Monkey species?<br />
Where are the current distribution of The Guizhou Snub-Nosed monkeys?<br />
What animal looks most like a human?<br />
<br />
References<br />
[1] 杨敬元 美丽中国 Beautiful China<br />
[2] 吴 蓉 田 隽 盛佳佳 魏小冲 汪 欣 黔金丝猴元素在铜仁市旅游文创产品中的设计与开发 <br />
[3] 徐元锋 曾智慧 特稿|守护“雪山精灵”滇金丝猴<br />
[4] 新华每日电讯生物多样性保护的云南“画卷”<br />
[5] 百度百科<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
Outside of Internet success stories such as Alibaba’s Jack Ma or Baidu’s Robin Li, China has few if any widely internationally known rich businessmen. Here are some brief introduction to the rich businessmen in China.<br />
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China’s rich businessmen amassed a combined fortune of more than $223 billion this year as the country enjoyed its fastest year of wealth accumulation, even as the world battles its worst economic crisis in decades.China had 60 billionaires below the age of 40 this year, according to the latest Hurun Rich List released last week. Of them, 14 joined the billionaire club for the first time in 2020, as a tech-fuelled stock market surged and a spate of IPOs paved the way for wealth growth amid the coronavirus downturn.<br />
The uptick mirrors a wider unprecedented surge in the fortunes of China’s uber-wealthy, with the country now home to 878 billionaires with a combined wealth of $4 trillion. A decade ago in 2010, the country counted just 189 billionaires.“The world has never seen this much wealth created in just one year. China’s entrepreneurs have done much better than expected. Despite Covid-19, they have risen to record levels,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report chairman and chief researcher.<br />
Now in its 22nd year, the annual Hurun ranking seeks to provide a “snapshot of wealth” in the world’s second-largest economy as of Aug. 28. Focusing on both wealthy individuals who were born and brought up in mainland China, as well as individuals born outside of mainland China but who reside there today, the report draws on data and interviews in what it labels “as much an art as it is a science.”<br />
China’s rich businessmen<br />
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1. Huiyan Yang and family, 39, Country Garden<br />
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Net worth: $33.1 billion<br />
Topping the list again this year is 39-year-old Huiyan Yang and her family. Also considered Asia’s richest woman, Yang is the majority shareholder of Country Garden, a property development company founded by her farmer father, Guoqiang Yang, in Guangdong in 1992.<br />
Despite seeing her wealth surge 29% over the past year, Yang dropped one spot in 2020 to rank as China’s sixth-richest billionaire overall.<br />
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2. Zetian Zhang, 27, JD.com<br />
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Net worth: $23.5 billion<br />
Zetian Zhang, 27, and her husband Qiangdong Liu, 41, saw their combined wealth surge 111% to $23.5 billion in 2020 largely thanks to the meteoric growth of Liu’s e-commerce company JD.com. A businesswoman in her own right, Zhang is an investor who also serves as chief fashion advisor of JD’s luxury business. At 24, she became China’s youngest female billionaire following her marriage to Liu in 2015.<br />
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3. Hao Yan, 34, Pacific Construction Group<br />
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Net worth: $21.3 billion<br />
Hao Yan, 34, is the chairman of Xinjiang-headquartered construction company Pacific Construction Group, the company founded by his father, CEO JieHe Yan in 1986.<br />
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4. Yiming Zhang, 37, ByteDance<br />
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Net worth: $16.2 billion<br />
37-year-old Yiming Zhang is the co-founder and CEO of ByteDance, the Chinese internet company behind video sharing platform TikTok. The platform has shot to prominence outside of China, now surpassing Facebook-owned Instagram to rank as U.S. teens’ preferred social media app after Snap. However, its rapid growth has also sparked national security concerns, prompting the proposed sale of its U.S. operations.<br />
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Zhang Yiming, founder of internet company ByteDance, the parent company of video sharing platform TikTok.<br />
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5. Bangxin Zhang, 39, TAL Education<br />
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Net worth: $14 billion<br />
With an estimated net worth of $14 billion, Bangxin Zhang is the co-founder and chairman of Beijing-headquartered tutoring business TAL Education. Founded in 2003, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2010 and has enjoyed rapid growth in 2020 under coronavirus-induced remote learning policies.<br />
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6. Gang Zhang and family, 39, Xinfalyudian<br />
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Net worth: $8.8 billion<br />
39-year-old Gang Zhang of aluminum company Xinfalyudian has an estimated net worth of $8.8 billion, having grown his fortunes 100% in the past year and jumping up 32 places in the overall 2020 rich list.<br />
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7. Xiaosong Wang, 33, Seazen<br />
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Net worth: $6.4 billion<br />
Xiaosong Wang is the 33-year-old chairman and president of real estate company Seazen. Wang shares the fortune with his father, Zhenhua, 58 whom he replaced in 2019 following accusations of sexual assault.<br />
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8. Qun Wu, 32, Yuwell<br />
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Net worth: $5.3 billion<br />
Qun Wu, 32, is the son of Guangming Wu, 58, founder and chairman of medical equipment maker Yuwell. Together they have a fortune of $5.3 billion, up 50% from last year.<br />
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9. Gang Ye, 39, Sea<br />
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Net worth: $4.9 billion<br />
New to this year’s list is China-born Gang Ye, who was raised in Singapore and made his fortune in the city-state as one of the co-founders of internet company Sea. As the developer behind popular gaming apps such as Free Fire, Sea has benefited from a surge in gaming under lockdowns this year, becoming the world’s best-performing large-cap stock in August.<br />
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10. Hua Su, 38, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.8 billion<br />
Chinese entrepreneur Hua Su founded Kuaishou as a GIF-making app in 2011 but later transformed it into a video sharing platform popular with users particularly in rural China. Before founding the company, he worked as a programmer at Google and Chinese internet search engine Baidu.<br />
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11. Meng Yang, 38, and Li He, 36, Anker<br />
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Net worth: $3.7 billion<br />
Newly-minted billionaires Meng Yang and Li He saw their combined wealth catapult to $3.7 billion this year on the back of their consumer electronics company, Anker. The Apple charger-maker doubled in valuation when it debuted on the public market this August, hitting $8 billion.<br />
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12. Xiang Li, 39, Li Auto<br />
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Net worth: $3.5 billion<br />
Dubbed “China’s Elon Musk,” 39-year-old Xiang Li is the founder of electric vehicle-maker Li Auto. Founded five years ago, the Beijing-headquartered manufacturer went public on the Nasdaq in July 2020 with a valuation of $10 billion, catapulting Li to billionaire status.<br />
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13. Liang Zhang, 38, R&F<br />
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Net worth: $3.45 billion<br />
Liang Zhang is the 38 son of Li Zhang, 68, founder and co-chair of Guanzhou-based developer R&F. Together, their wealth totals more than $3.4 billion.<br />
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14. Tianshi Chen, 35, Cambricon Technologies<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Newcomer to this year’s list is Tianshi Chen, the 35-year-old co-founder and CEO of chipmaker Cambricon Technologies. Launched in 2016, the company’s artificial intelligence-enabled technology has been used in more than 100 million smartphones.<br />
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15. Yixiao Cheng, 35, Kuaishou<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Also new to the list is 35-year-old Yixiao Cheng, co-founder of short video platform Kuaishou. Cheng, who began his career as a software engineer at HP, now has an estimated net worth of more than $3 billion.<br />
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16. Yifeng Wang, 36, Zhejiang Century Huatong Group<br />
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Net worth: $3.1 billion<br />
Yifeng Wang, 36, and father Miaotong Wang, 63, are the vice-chairman and chairman, respectively, of automaker Zhejiang Century Huatong Group. Having recently diversified into games development, the pair has seen their combined wealth surged 83% in the past year.<br />
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17. Wei Cheng, 37, DiDi<br />
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Net worth: $2.8 billion<br />
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37-year-old Wei Cheng is the founder and CEO of ride-hailing giant DiDi. Having spent eight years working at Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group, Cheng launched DiDi in 2012. Today, the company ranks as one of China’s most valuable billion-dollar start-ups and Cheng is worth an estimated $2.8 billion.<br />
Cheng Wei, CEO of taxi-hailing app Didi-Kuaidi, speaks during the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2015 at Dalian International Convention Center on Sept. 9, 2015 in Dalian, China.<br />
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18. Guoyuan Peng, 34, NWY<br />
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Net worth: $2.6 billion<br />
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Guoyuan Peng, 34, is the chairman of education group NWY, worth an estimated $2.6 billion, up 20% from 2019.<br />
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19. Zheng Cao, 37, Hangke Technology<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Zheng Cao, 37, is the vice president of Zhejiang Hanke Technology, the lithium battery producing company founded by his father Ji Cao, 68. With a shared 70% stake in the business, the pair is today worth an estimated $2.5 billion.<br />
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20. Yan Wu, 39, Hakim Unique<br />
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Net worth: $2.5 billion<br />
Yan Wu, 39, and husband Qicheng Wang, 40, are the co-founders of Hakim Unique, an internet, media and real estate company. Together, their fortune is around $2.5 billion.<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Opera: Chinese Local Operas ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
Brief Introduction<br />
<br />
Huangmei opera, formerly known as Huangmei tune and Caicha opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province, and developed and expanded in Anqing, Anhui Province. Huangmei opera, together with Beijing opera, Yueju opera, Pingju opera, and Yuju opera, is one of the "five major opera genres in China", and is also the main local opera genre in Anhui Province.<br />
Huangmei opera singing simple and smooth, to bright and lyrical, with rich expressive power; performance is simple and meticulous, known for real and lively. The song "Matching of Heavenly Fairies" has made Huangmei opera popular in the north and south of China, and has a high reputation in overseas. <br />
On May 20, 2006, Huangmei opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On May 24, 2021, Huangmei opera declared by Hubei Province was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.<br />
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Origin<br />
<br />
The history of Huangmei opera is not considered very long, for the origin of Huangmei opera, there are 5 mainstream statements. In all the testimony, which is recognized version of the Hubei Huangmei said. The reason for this consensus, one is that historical documents record Huangmei County is both a tea song folk song of the country, but also a place where floods and droughts are frequent, including the most vicious floods. Good song of Huangmei people in such an environment to escape around, selling the field to beg. A large number of Huangmei victims who flowed into Anhui Susong, Taihu, Huaining and other counties, received local food, but also returned a rich spiritual food - Huangmei Caicha tune and a variety of folk songs and dances.<br />
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Development<br />
<br />
Huangmei Opera is developed on the basis of the song and dance of Huangmei Caicha tune in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Gan provinces. One of them moved east to Anhui Huaining as the center of the Anqing area Indic language sound singing, known as Huai cavity or Huai tunes. This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei opera." Thus, it can be seen that Huangmei opera was developed on the basis of Huangmei tea opera. "Huangmei Caicha opera traditional singing set" defines Huangmei Caicha opera in this way: "Huangmei Caicha opera, referred to as 'Caicha ', is one of the excellent local opera in Hubei Huangmei Caicha tune floated into the Huaining area with the water, it flowed into a good ecological environment for opera incubation. Many opera singers and scholars call the junction of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces as the "Golden Triangle" of opera, and Huaining County Shipai Town is one of the "opera nest".<br />
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Costume<br />
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Huangmei costumes are generally less extravagant compared to the other Chinese opera branches. There is usually a greater emphasis on the singing than the display. In Hong Kong there is not necessarily a requirement to wear any traditional Chinese opera attire. An example is the cantopop artist Jenny Tseng singing Huangmei style music with Ivy Ling Po in a concert.<br />
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Artistic features<br />
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The melody of Huangmei Opera is a plate-like variant, with three lumens: flower cavity, color cavity, and main tone. The flower cavity is mainly composed of small plays, the tone is healthy and simple, beautiful and cheerful, with a strong sense of life and the color of the folk songs; the color cavity is very popular, and it has been widely used in the small dramas; the main theme is the vocal used in the traditional Chinese drama of Huangmei opera. The Huangmei Opera is pure and fresh, exquisite and moving, with a bright and expressive sensibility, rich in expressiveness, easy to understand, easy to popularize, and deeply loved by people all over China.<br />
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Tune<br />
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Huangmei opera singing voice has three forms: the main cavity, flower cavity, three cavities ("colorful cavity", "fairy cavity", "Yin Si cavity" three cavities collectively).<br />
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The main cadence of Huangmei opera<br />
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The main cavity is the most dramatic expression of a cavity in the traditional singing cavity of Huangmei opera. It is the principle of the musical structure of the board change body (or board cavity body), and it is this main feature that makes it different from the tune embellishment body (or tune body) of the "flower cavity" and both the characteristics of the two systems "three cavities".<br />
The main cavity does not mean that it is predominant in all of Huangmei opera's repertoire. In fact, the main cavity is not used in small plays, and some big plays are not dominated by the main cavity. The reason why this cavity is called the main cavity is its musical form and musical performance function. In addition, from the history of the development of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is also later than the flower cavity and three cavities. This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from a one-act play, two small plays, three small plays to a series of plays and finally can play the whole course of the opera. Therefore, it can be considered that the main cavity is a product of the development of Huangmei opera to a mature stage. Its appearance, marking the basic style of Huangmei opera music frame.<br />
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Huangmei opera's flower cadence<br />
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Huangmei opera originated from folk songs and dances. Mountain and village workers of the labor songs, women and children know the lane songs, lanterns and fires in the song and dance, is the source of Huangmei opera lively. Huangmei opera in the formation of the first stage results - two small opera, three small opera process, also formed more than a hundred small songs and miscellaneous tunes of the "flower cavity" cavity system. Flower cavity from the folk songs, but the role has been not quite the same as folk songs. It has moved from the field to the stage, from a casual song to a prescribed dramatic situation, conveying the voice of the character. The cadences we see today, however similar they may be to folk songs, have been polished by dramatic waves and have some of the qualities of dramatic music, a kind of folk song-style tune system.<br />
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Classical Works<br />
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Huangmei opera's outstanding repertoire are "the fairy match" "cowherd and weaving maiden" "the story of the Sophora" "the female horse harnessed by the side of a horse" "the couple watching the lantern" "hitting pig grass" and so on. One of the most famous is the "match of the immortals", tells a moving love story: the seven immortals defied the rules of heaven, private mortal Dong Yong to marry, and was eventually broken up by the Jade Emperor.<br />
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References<br />
<br />
1. 百度百科 黄梅戏https://baike.baidu.com/item/黄梅戏/2677?fr=aladdin<br />
2. Berry, Michael. [2005] (2005). Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13330-8<br />
3. "Huangmei opera". China intangible cultural heritage digital museum. Retrieved 20 November 2019.<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - The “reference” of Chinese Music==<br />
May 20，2022，with the broadcast of the show "Sister Who Rides the Waves，the “Sweetheart hierarch” Cyndi Wang became popular again by singing her song Love You①. Actually the song Love You is not original，and it was adapted from PAPAYA（a South Korea girl group）’s song，Listen to Me②.<br />
And since the end of last century, many Chinese singers or bands have the experience of "refer" songs from other countries.<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮 - Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance==<br />
<br />
Introductions on Lion dance <br />
<br />
The lion dance is a popular activity among Chinese people of all ethnic groups, and it is a must for festivals and gatherings. The lion dance is a symbol of good luck and good intentions of the people to get rid of disasters and seek good fortune.In May 2006, the Chinese lion dance was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council.<br />
The lion dance has a long history, and the existing lion dances are divided into two categories: cultural lion and martial lion. The martial lion has more difficult acrobatic performances, and the lion is vigorous and fierce, looking at the tiger; the cultural lion is naive and cute, with a lovely form, and mainly performs the lion's life and attitude; according to the different materials and methods of lion modeling, there are many different types of lion dances around the world, and they are very colorful.<br />
The lion dance is usually played by two people, the former holding the lion head props on his head with both hands, playing the lion's head, and the latter leaning over, holding the former's waist with both hands, wearing lion skin decorated with linen, cloth and other materials, playing the lion's body. Two people combined into one large lion, called "Large lion”. There is also a person wearing a lion mask, wearing a fake lion skin, playing a small lion, called "Small lion". In front of the lion, there is a lion, holding a colorful embroidered ball that can be turned to tease, and the dance ball movements include rolling the ball, turning the ball, throwing the ball, shaking the ball and dozens of other kinds, and the lion then makes various dance movements. In some places, the lion dancer wears a big-headed mask and plays a big-headed monk, holding a big fan or even a big knife instead of a ball.<br />
Schools of Lion Dance :With the continuous development of the lion dance movement, the art of lion dance has also been perfected, but because of the different customs in the north and south, the dance method is not the same, so the north and south has formed two major schools, namely the southern school and the northern school, also known as the southern lion and the northern lion. The northern lion's movements are light, mainly jumping and tumbling, with small gongs, drums,and cymbals, etc., mainly in the Central Plains and North China, with representative lions from Hebei, Anhui and Hunan. The southern lion, on the other hand, is a big and powerful lion with big gongs, drums, cymbals, etc. The drum music is majestic and inspiring, and is mainly popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia.<br />
<br />
The Origin of Lions<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of the lion, scholars of all generations have concluded that the lion in the early Middle Kingdom came from the West. There is a large number of documents for evidence, including Jin Guopu’s "Mu Tianzi".It said: " The lion is also called mythical creature , produced by the Western region." The scholar Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": " The lion is out of the Western countries" From the research records of experts and scholars of the past generations, it is clear that China did not produce lions, scholars of the past generations After the study of the literature, It is thought that the lion was introduced from the West as a tribute in the Han Dynasty. Before the Han Dynasty, people do not know what it looks like. According to historical records, the lion was considered useless when it first entered the Middle Kingdom, and was not accepted because of its fierce appearance and habits. During the long history, due to various reasons, especially religious influence, people gradually accepted the lion and made it a mythical beast, together with the legendary dragon, phoenix, and qilin, known as the four spiritual beasts.The lion is known as the king of beasts, but China is generally not affected by lions, so the people have a sense of affinity to the lion, regard it as a symbol of power and good luck, and hope to use the lion's powerful image to drive away evil spirits.<br />
<br />
The Origin and Legend of Lion Dance<br />
<br />
Regarding the origin of lion dance in ancient China, ancient literature and analysis by scholars over the ages show that the origin of lion dance in China is also recognized from the Han Dynasty, but the exact date cannot be determined. Through research and historical analysis, the following statements are more plausible.<br />
The first theory: Chinese lion dance originated from the Han Dynasty, and the lion was imported from foreign countries only after Zhang Sai's mission to the West during the reign of Emperor Wu. Whenever the Western ambassadors visited, he set up songs and dances to cheer, so those dancers put on masks dressed as birds and animals, but the Western ambassadors found that these birds and animals only lacked of lions, after asking, we knew that at that time China had not yet lions. Later.Later the western envoys sent a pair of lions to China, and the lion trainers performed lion training. This lion training performance may be the predecessor of the Chinese lion dance.<br />
<br />
The second theory: the lion dance originated in the Three Kingdoms period and was popular in the North and South Dynasties. Meng Kang, a native of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, wrote in The Elephant Man : If today's play is like shrimp, the lion is also. The Northern Wei Yang From it we can know, the lion not only protects the law to ward off evil, and can guide the way for the Buddha. If we look at the form, this lion guiding its front, very similar to the current lion guide, already slightly with the form of dance.<br />
<br />
The third theory: According to the earliest historical records, the account of the real "lion dance" should be The Book of Ning - Zong Yi Zhuan. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 22nd year of Emperor Wujia's reign (445 A.D.), when the Nanning Army occupied Linyi, and Yi asked to be the leader. The soldiers were unable to resist, saying, "I have heard that the lion is a powerful lion, so I made its shape and fought against the elephant, and the elephant just ran in fear and were scattered. After that, the lion dance was performed in the military and slowly spread to the people, becoming the origin of the lion dance, but at that time it was not called the lion dance but the "Taiping music".According to records, the Taiping music and the modern lion dance are very similar.<br />
There are also various stories and legends about the lion dance in ancient China.<br />
One of the legends is that the "New Year" beast eats green. According to the legend, in ancient times, plague often occurred in China, so countless people died, but fortunately, every time the plague occurred, a divine beast appeared, and the plague disappeared as soon as it appeared. Since this beast "Nian" is so helpful to people, people use bamboo scales and colored cloths to tie into the "Nian" beast during the farming season, and dance in front of each house with majestic drums and music, in order to suppress evil spirits and seek good luck. Because the "New Year" beast likes to eat vegetables, so every family places a plate of vegetables in front of the door for the "New Year" beast to eat. As time goes by, people find that the shape of the "New Year" is very much like a lion. So they called this kind of thing as the lion, and the vegetables were called "Caiqing".<br />
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The Value and Functions of Lion Dance<br />
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First, it connects with emotions. While it is a sport, its more obvious attribute is that it belongs to the category of folklore. The cultural accumulation of each nation is often expressed in folklore activities, and healthy folklore activities not only express the soul of the nation, but also convey the message code of mutual feeling and knowledge between the brothers of the nation. In the case of "lion dance", a folklore activity loaded with the accumulation of feelings of the children of Yanhuang, wherever there is a Chinese settlement, there is a lion dance and a lion dance culture. The lion dance for good luck is often the best way for Chinese people who are wandering around the world to share happiness and feelings.<br />
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Second, it can strengthen the body. The actual operation of lion dance requires good coordination among all the components, and it is a kind of project that combines multiple factors such as music and lion dance. Because of this integration, the lion dance has a strong ornamental and artistic value, which can fully meet people's entertainment and aesthetic needs. At the same time, for the performers, lion dance is a sport that strengthens the body and cultivates the emotions.<br />
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Third, it has educational significance. The lion dance is a traditional culture in China, and it is the inheritance of the culture to carry forward the lion dance. We can understand the history and culture of the region through lion dance.<br />
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Fourth, it has the commercial function. The performance nature of lion dance brings a lot of commercial benefits. In addition, the lion dance brings about the development of tourism and other related industries. In the author's opinion, the commercial function of lion dance is not only this, as the development of cultural industry is gaining momentum today, lion dance with deep cultural heritage will face better development opportunities.<br />
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Fifth, it enriches the spirit of the nation. The spirit of mutual cooperation and solidarity. The participation of dragon dance is very common, and the professional requirements are not very high. It shows a kind of momentum and team spirit, with a few people or even hundreds of people, dancing up and down, surging and inspiring. This requires more than one person to complete the whole set of interlacing, running and jumping, tumbling and other movements, mutual cooperation is particularly important, must maximize the team effect; inherit the spirit of tradition and innovation, although the dragon and lion dance has a long history, but also not unchanging, positive, innovative features nurtured in different ways of performance, reflecting the spirit of never-ending innovation<br />
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Historical Stages of the Development of Traditional Lion Dance<br />
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the traditional lion dance developed to a deeper level <br />
The skills of the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties formed different performance styles and program focuses in the North and South due to geographical barriers and different environments. In the south, the Han regime inherited the 'orthodoxy', and the ideology of Confucianism was changed to Zhuanglao, and the social habits tended to be weak. Therefore, although the Southern Dynasty had the majestic 'White Tiger ' and other programs from the Northern Dynasty, its mainstream was slender and soft.The traditional lion dance began to be performed on the same stage with ceremonial music(the beginning of music) in the Sui Dynasty, and after the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, its artistic image became richer and had a strong folk base, and the court performance became more mature. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the nine music parts of Sui Dynasty were adjusted and increased into "ten music parts". One of the most famous "five lions", also known as "Taiping music".Performers danced and sang "Taiping music", taking the meaning of world peace and good fortune, which was basically the same as the symbolic meaning of today's lion dance. During the Song and Yuan dynasties - a turning point in the development of traditional lion dance technology, the performance form, performance team and program creation of lion dance in the Song dynasty underwent more profound changes. Techniques began to be divided into sections, prompting peer artists to gather for social fires; social fires further united the team and promoted the development of skills, as well as the formation of various genres, creating conditions for the prosperity of the folk lion dance movement. In Yuan Dynasty, "lion dance" also had innovation,.For instance,"high Cui lion dance" in the Yuan Dynasty first seen in the records. Although the Qing Dynasty Palace also had lion dance performances, generally speaking, the scale was not large. Southern and northern lion performances in the Qing Dynasty formed different images and different techniques of performance style. In the north, there were "Large lion" and "Small lion", whose images and performances resembled real lions, while the lion dance in the south had integrated dance, acrobatics and martial arts into one, which was quite new compared to the traditional lion dance methods.<br />
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The Development of Modern Lion Dance<br />
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(A) Before the liberation of the competition between the lion teams in the festive activities of the nature of the competition<br />
In the 1920s and 1930s, the lion dance was generally preceded by the Shaolin and the Five tiger stick , followed by the lion , the vine , the rice-gale , the shuttlecock , and the kong Schools, which started from their respective villages and rushed to the temple. Along the way, whenever they encountered the roadside tea huts or tea points, they should get off the performance. To the temple they worshiped after the incense and performed martial arts. Then they returned along the way, if on the way the temple fair and several villages a few teams met together, this performance was often with the nature of the competition '; in some places gradually formed a regular tournament .In modern times during the festival have a relatively fixed lion team to perform and the lion team also competed and cut martial arts, with the nature of the competition. The lion dance has taken the form of a competitive lion dance.<br />
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(B) Lion dance became a traditional national sport<br />
On February 28, 1934, the first Folk Games of Henan Province, there were more than 20 folk martial arts associations such as dry boat, dragon lantern, lion and kite flying to perform and compete. In 1978, the lion dance was invited as a special performance at the First Folk Games, and it became an official event at the Fourth Agricultural Games. Now there are different events such as National Lion Dance Championship and various kinds of North-South Lion King Competition, National Dragon and Lion Invitation Tournament and Elite Tournament every year, and it has become an official competition item in the National Agricultural Games, National Urban Games and the Third National Sports Congress.<br />
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(C) Lion dance shine on the acrobatic stage<br />
In 1972, Premier Zhou Enlai personally watched the acrobatic performances of six large troupes in Beijing, including China, Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenyang, Xi'an and Warriors, and affirmed the skills of the "lion dance", which were partly choreographed according to the laws of acrobatics.They have been organized to visit Asian, African, American and European countries and become the first team of people's diplomacy. The lion dance skills have developed rapidly on the acrobatic stage, and a series of new and difficult skills have been developed on the basis of inherited traditions. The high skills of acrobatic lion dance have a great influence on the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance, and the traditional folk lion dance and competitive lion dance have absorbed the performance style and props of acrobatic lion dance, enriched their own performance forms, and continuously improved the level of traditional lion dance and competitive lion dance.<br />
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Lion Dance Culture Development Problem<br />
As it is not easy to cultivate talents to inherit the lion dance culture, and the props used to make the lion dance are expensive, the traditional lion dance culture is also facing the crisis of no one inheriting it. As a representative of the excellent traditional culture, how to survive and develop the lion dance culture in the intersection of modern technology and traditional culture is an important issue that contemporary lion dancers have to think about.<br />
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Measures for Solving the Problem <br />
(A) Strengthen corooperation with colleges and universities to carry out lion dance classes<br />
Youth is the future and hope of the country.Vigorously developing traditional culture education for youth, and incorporating lion dance culture into students' curriculum can not only enrich campus culture, but also greatly improve the popularity of lion dance culture and enhance youth's cultural identity and national pride. Students are the successors of the communist cause, the main body of education, and the main body of cultural inheritance and dissemination. Relying on school education to develop lion dance culture, more people can understand and inherit lion dance culture. The rejuvenation of traditional culture and its development on the basis of popularization are the needs of lion dance culture inheritance and the wishes of lion dance lovers.<br />
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(B) Promote the culture and spirit of lion dance through the Internet and mass media<br />
In order to make the lion dance culture develop better, we make use of the development of the whole media to promote the beautiful connotation of the lion dance culture through the Internet and make use of the mass media to vigorously publicize it, so that more people really like the lion dance culture and really enter the lion dance culture; we rely on the Internet to strengthen the cultural exchange among the lion dance enthusiasts all over the country, so as to promote the spread and inheritance of the lion dance culture; we rely on the whole media to carry out the lion dance culture competition, formulate scientific competition rules and generous rewards to arouse people's enthusiasm for participation, so that more people can participate in the promotion of the lion dance culture and promote the spread of the lion dance culture.<br />
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(C) Accelerate the innovation to push the development of lion dance culture<br />
The premise of traditional culture innovation is to first understand its cultural value, grasp the comprehensive traditional cultural content, and then promote the corresponding lion dance culture, so that the folk lion dance is known to more people, even to learn the skills, so that the lion dance is well inherited. In the traditional lion dance culture promotion at the same time, the lion dance team should also be committed to in-depth study of the lion dance culture with the times to drive the value of the economy to achieve the culture to give rise to the economy and the economy in turn to support the culture of mutual assistance and harmony. In such a way wa can break the situation that traditional culture has no successor due to the narrow market prospect, and provide a reference for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture. With the rapid development of the times and the improvement of people's living standards, some connotations of traditional culture are no longer applicable to modern life, so it is necessary to accelerate the promotion of cultural innovation, promote the innovation of lion dance culture, and constantly innovate the form of lion dance culture development and inheritance, so as to attract more people to understand lion dance culture and inherit it.<br />
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(D) Cultivate lion dance culture talents,and pay attention to integration of local culture<br />
To actively carry out lion dance culture promotion activities, select talents from young people who are interested in lion dance culture, make them receive professional training in lion dance culture, develop their interest into a profession, make them become the inheritors of lion dance culture, and promote the inheritance of lion dance culture. In the local lion dance culture, we dig deep into the local culture and explore the cultural heritage, so that the lion dance culture can be well inherited and developed, integrating the traditional lion dance into the local cultural connotation and giving it new vitality. In addition to the local culture, there is also a folk lion dance culture with local characteristics, establishing unique cultural programs, spreading unique cultural values, so that the traditional lion dance culture continues to be inherited.<br />
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(E) Define the cultural positioning, actively implement the "going out" strategy, and promote the lion dance culture to the world<br />
The government should formulate relevant policies to support, position lion dance culture well, and support key projects to promote the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, so that more people can understand lion dance culture and participate in the inheritance of lion dance culture, thus enhancing the social status and influence of lion dance culture. While promoting the inheritance and development of lion dance culture, we should not only spread and develop the inheritance at home, but also actively promote the strategy of "going out" to promote Chinese traditional culture to the world, so that people around the world can understand lion dance culture, learn lion dance culture, inherit and spread lion dance culture, so that lion dance culture can be developed around the world and spread the beautiful connotation of China's excellent traditional culture. The beautiful connotation of excellent traditional culture.<br />
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Terms:<br />
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Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》<br />
the four spiritual beasts 四大灵兽<br />
national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
the State Council 国务院<br />
gongs, drums,and cymbals 大锣、大鼓、大钹<br />
Zhang Sai's mission to the West 张赛出使西域<br />
The Elephant Man 《象人》<br />
Caiqing 采青<br />
orthodoxy 正统<br />
High Cui lion dance 高毳舞狮<br />
Acrobatic Stage 杂技舞台<br />
National Agricultural Games 全国农运会<br />
National Urban Games 全国城运会<br />
The Third National Sports Congress. 第三届全国体育大会<br />
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References:<br />
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中国最独特的舞狮文化 The Most Unique Lion Dance Culture in China 宴姝下一代2019,(04),7<br />
舞狮运动的起源与发展研究[J] The Origin and Development of lion Dance 郭绿杨.当代体育科技 . 2017 (22)<br />
论舞龙舞狮运动塑造学生民族精神的功能[J]. Arguments on the function of dragon and Lion Dance to Shape students' national spirit曹虎愚.成功(教育) . 2012(11)<br />
我国舞狮运动与文化的价值底蕴分析[J]. Analysis on the value of Lion dance and culture in China管罗红.企业家天地(理论版) . 2011(01)<br />
新时代下传统舞狮的传承发展与问题[J]. Inheritance, development and problems of traditional lion Dance in the new era 杨晓坤,代继盟,林宵,于娇.中国民族博览 . 2019(06)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
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'''Development history of mobile games'''<br />
<br />
'''The birth of mobile games'''<br />
In 1997, Gluttonous Snake, preinstalled in Nokia 6110, officially started the history of mobile games. Long ago, Nokia was the dominant player in the mobile phone market. The physical keyboard and screen each occupied half of the mobile phone space. So at that time, mobile games did not get rid of the shackles of physical keyboard, such as early games: Gluttonous Snake(贪吃蛇), Pushing Boxes(推箱子), and Tetris（俄罗斯方块）.<br />
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'''Pre Android'''<br />
After the release of Android phones, with the characteristics of the touch screen, games that need touch control, such as Fruit Ninja, became popular. There were many classic games in this period, including Plants vs. Zombies（植物大战僵尸）, Angry Birds（愤怒的小鸟）, Temple Escape（神庙逃亡）, Subway Parkour （地铁跑酷）and other classic games .At the same time, Minecraft （我的世界）was released on iphone, but due to the high price of iphone, its popularity is far less than Android games.<br />
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'''Pre Tencent period'''<br />
In 2013, two Tencent games: Tiantian Cool Running（天天酷跑） and rhythm master（节奏大师） became popular, quickly surpassing Plants vs. Zombies and angry birds, and firmly ranked first in China's mobile games. At the same time, other Tencent games also took the opportunity to hype up and attract players. For a time, no game company could compete with Tencent.<br />
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'''Scuffle period'''<br />
2011 was the year when smart phone games began to engage in scuffle. Mobile phone stand-alone games developed rapidly. Many players should have experienced Asphalt 5. At that time, the giants of mobile game manufacturers were definitely Gameloft. Modern war and Nova represented the peak of the picture quality of mobile games; In addition, "Assassin's Creed", "cell division 5", "ghost cry 4", "dead space" and other end games have also gradually landed on the mobile game platform; The online games of smart phones have also begun to test the market. A number of hardware manufacturers have begun to strengthen the graphics computing capacity of mobile phones, and the mobile game platform has officially taken shape.<br />
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'''Post Tencent period'''<br />
By november2015, a game was born, breaking the balance in the mobile game industry. Its appearance has changed the pattern of the entire mobile game market. This game is "glory of the king"（王者荣耀）. This game dominates the mobile game rankings only two days after it was launched. Although it was attacked by CF of Netease(网易), it returned to the top in 16 years.<br />
The success of this game also makes other companies start to think about how to make a high-quality mobile game. In 2018, a year of full bloom, various mobile games have sprung up, such as Onmyoji（阴阳师） of Netease，PUBG Mobile（刺激战场） of Tencent，Genshin（原神） impact of MiHoYo etc.. Both the picture quality and the game experience have made a qualitative leap.<br />
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'''Development status and trend of mobile games'''<br />
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With the rapid development of mobile games in China, the market scale has expanded rapidly, and the capital heat is highly focused. It has quickly surpassed end games and page games and become a mainstream game type. From January to June 2021, the actual sales revenue of China's mobile game market was 114.772 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.65%.<br />
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In recent years, the proportion of revenue from PC games and web games has continued to decline. On the contrary, the revenue share of mobile game industry has increased rapidly, and the revenue scale is expected to further expand. From 2014 to 2020, the proportion of mobile games in the sales revenue of the game industry increased rapidly from 24% to 75.2%, and the proportion reached 76.3% in the first half of 2021.<br />
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In the ranking of monthly active number of mobile game apps in September 2021, the monthly active number of glory of the king is far ahead, reaching 149million, followed by Game for peace（和平精英） and Fun Fest（开心消消乐）.<br />
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With the continuous improvement of the ecological environment of China's game industry, the continuous upgrading of the game industry chain, and the development of 5g, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other forward-looking technologies, a number of innovative cultural products and businesses have been created, including cloud games, e-sports, game live broadcasting, etc., which put forward higher development requirements for enterprises in the game industry.<br />
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'''Social impact of Chinese mobile games'''<br />
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1. The development of mobile games has created a large number of related industries and provided more employment opportunities for people.<br />
2. Mobile games provide people with opportunities to have a pleasant mood, social communication and exercise their intelligence.<br />
3. The development of mobile games has put forward higher requirements for mobile phone manufacturing and software engineering, which is conducive to promoting the development of domestic science and technology.<br />
4. The external communication of Chinese mobile games is conducive to vigorously carrying forward Chinese culture and enhancing China's international influence.<br />
5. The development of mobile games makes many people indulge in it, which is easy to waste money and time, and damage their eyesight.<br />
6. The development of the game industry can, to a certain extent, alleviate the pressure of the epidemic on the economy. During the epidemic period, the game industry, which is not affected by the epidemic, will continue to maintain game production and development, which will also have a positive impact on the future economic recovery.<br />
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'''Reference：'''<br />
[1] Development history of mobile games in China, published by China Science Daily on August 22, 2014<br />
[2] Current situation of mobile game industry in 2021, published on Huajing information network on March 2, 2022 10:4 <br />
[3] Development history of mobile games in China (by 2021) in Bilibili.<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
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China enjoys great abundance in resources of flowers. Early in ancient times, Chinese people noted that the value of flowers was diversified, and utilized flowers in various ways. Flowers could be used as ingredients for cuisine, herbal medicine, and decorative items. Moreover, the image of flowers always appeared in poems, proses and articles, highly praised by Chinese literary men for the beauty, fragrance as well as spirits. Throughout history, flowers are of both pragmatic and spiritual significance in Chinese culture.<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinese Dream==<br />
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In November of 2012, soon after the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President Xi Jinping put forward, for the first time, the idea of the Chinese Dream on a visit to “The Road towards National Rejuvenation” exhibition at the National Museum of China. The Chinese dream meant for him the “great renewal of the Chinese nation.” and “is a dream of the whole nation, as well as of every individual,” he said. Since then, use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Xi said that young people should “dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” There are various connotations and interpretations of the term.<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
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Buytogether(PDD), also called Pinduoduo in Chinese, is a mainstream e-commerce application of mobile Internet in China, and a third-party social e-commerce platform focusing on C2M(Customer-to-Manufacturer) group shopping. It was founded in September 2015. Users can buy goods at a lower price by buying them with their friends, families and neighbors together. <br />
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Buytogether aims to enable people to buy better goods at lower prices and gain more benefits and fun by gathering the strength of more people. Its idea in online shopping is unique in that it creates a brand new pattern of social e-commerce: Community E-Commerce.<br />
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'''A.The History of Development'''<br />
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After only three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018. In July 2020, Buytogether ranked the fourth in "The Hurun China’s Top 10 E-commerce 2020". By 2020, Buytogether 's annual active users reached nearly 800 million, and its operating revenue reached 59.492 billion yuan. Reviewing the developing course of Buytogether, we can mainly divide it into the following two stages :<br />
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1.Early Developing Period (2015-2018)<br />
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Aiming at the sinking market, Buytogether came into being. Although e-commerce has great market potential, the competition is also very fierce. After years of development, Taobao, JD and other well-known traditional e-commerce enterprises have occupied a huge market share for a long time. Although having a large market share, they are also bothered by various problems, such as product quality concerns, fake goods, deficient platform supervision and so on, which force them to proceed strategic improvement. For example, in 2015, Taobao cracked down on the fake goods appearing on the platform, hoping to enhance customers' confidence in it by improving the quality of products. But at the same time, the improvement of product quality has brought about the rising of product price, which makes Taobao break away from the highly price-sensitive consumers, who pay more attention to the price rather than the brand. Users in such a sinking market that was unoccupied have become targets of Buytogether.<br />
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In September 2015, Buytogether was officially launched. In February 2016, Buytogether 's monthly turnover exceeded 10 million, and its users exceeded 20 million. In July 2016, Buytogether had more than 100 million users and received a B round of $110 million financing. On October 10,2016, the single-day transaction volume of Buytogether 's anniversary celebration, a big shopping festival, exceeded 100 million yuan. In October 2017, Buytogether occupied the first place in the total number of iOS application downloads under the category of shopping for nearly one month. Buytogether is a dark horse in the early days, constantly showing its edge.<br />
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2.Growing Period (from 2018 to now)<br />
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After three years of development, Buytogether was successfully listed on NASDAQ in July 2018, and has made remarkable achievements. According to CCTV, Buytogether had 385.5 million annual active users in 2018, surpassing JD, the second largest e-commerce platform with its 305.2 million users. In February 2019, Buytogether was included in the MSCI. In June 2019, the " Subsidy of Ten Billion Yuan " activity was launched, and Buytogether was selected as one of " The Forbes Most Innovative Enterprises in China 2019" in the same month. In December 2019, Buytogether launched the train ticket service on its App terminal. In 2019, Buytogether 's operating revenue was about 30.142 billion yuan, and the number of multiannual active users had reached 585.2 million by the end of 2019.According to the 2020 annual report released by Buytogether, it achieved operating revenue of about 59.492 billion yuan in 2020, with a growing rate of 97% compared with 2019. The achievements of Buytogether are amazing to all, creating a miracle among all the e-commerce platforms.<br />
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'''B.The Special Marketing Strategy'''<br />
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Buytogether's success is inseparable from its unique marketing strategy based on community . <br />
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Internet technology breaks the limitation of time and space; various social media provide interactive platforms, strengthening users’ connectivity. The essence of Buytogether's going viral is to take the social media as carriers to carry out e-commerce transactions, namely community e-commerce. Community e-commerce manages the users and potential users of the platform in a new way, paying more attention to providing users with more interactive communication and scenarios, so as to facilitate users to find groups where other people have similar interests and needs to their own and hence exchange shopping information and conduct group shopping at a much lower price. In Buytogether, users can get lower prices when they share the links of what they want to buy with their friends to form a group for shopping. The characteristics of Buytogether's community e-commerce are as follows:<br />
<br />
1.Targeting customers in the sink market.<br />
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The "internet traffic(data)-centered" competing mechanism of traditional e-commerce platforms represented by Taobao and JD makes the main market of online shopping be occupied by leading brands with abundant funds. In the early days of establishment, Buytogether effectively distinguished its main customers from those of traditional e-commerce platforms, and positioned the main customers in the sink market to buffer competition in the industry. Buytogether supplies products at lower prices than other traditional e-commerce platforms by some strategies like “the more you buy, the lower prices are”, shopping in group and enabling users to bargain, thus attracting a large number of consumers in the sink market and small cities. <br />
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The increase of the users attracts a larger number of sellers to flood into the platform in return. With its decentralized internet traffic(data) distribution and low-cost entry threshold, Buytogether has brought opportunities to start-ups and niche enterprises. Many little-known businesses including some self-employed ones have flooded into the platform as well. Both parties of a deal in the sink market are attracted by Buytogether’s low prices and low costs. Consumers gain lower prices and suppliers acquire more customers; the trading system of Buytogether is gradually improved.<br />
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2.Popularizing based on users’ community.<br />
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Buytogether attracts more and more customers depending on social media and users’ social relations. Under the logic of community, the Internet economy is based on human. <br />
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Generally speaking, the formation of different groups is based on interests, kinship, etc. Through third-party social platforms such as WeChat and QQ, consumers establish and join groups where people have similar interests and needs to share and exchange information. In other words, users with similar interest or needs form a community. Buytogether manages these community members, analyzes the characteristics of different communities, captures their needs and interest points, so as to release marketing contents accurately and establish unlimited vertical market segments. <br />
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Also, consumers in the online communities will share their experience of using products with recommendation or criticism, which actually provides the stores and the platform itself with suggestions for improving, assistance in producing and innovative ideas. Consumers are not only loyal "buyers", but also enthusiastic "sharers" and innovative "producers".<br />
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3.Selling in the form of group.<br />
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Buytogether's "group enjoys discounts" selling strategy has attracted many consumers in pursuit of high cost performance. The "buying in group" model has grown full-bloom with the combined promotion of big data, the Internet and the community economy. <br />
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Group shopping brings more benefits to consumers. It is easy to arouse consumers’ desire to buy when their friends share the link of what they want to buy that they also need and has an affordable price. Then the virtuous cycle comes. In order to get lower price, it is inevitable to share the group link with friends. If this cycle continues, more and more people will download Buytogether and buy something. When consumers choose such a social platform where friends gather to share group shopping links, it is easier to form communities and develop the habit of sharing and shopping in group. Group shopping reflects the integration of network technology into real life, bringing mutual benefits and win-win results, which is also an upgrade of consumption form.<br />
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4.Reducing intermediary businesses.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce platforms have broadened online transaction channels, but have not effectively shortened the transaction process between suppliers and customers. Therefore, the profit space of suppliers and consumers has not been totally released. <br />
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By targeting the sink market, Buytogether has attracted a large number of suppliers of different brands to the platform to talk with customers directly. Users can form groups and make orders on Buytogether according to their interests and needs. The platform will skip the procedure of channel distribution and feedback users’ needs to suppliers directly to shorten the decision-making time and reduce the inventory backlog. <br />
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The docking of transaction terminals reduces the profits middlemen can get, releasing the profit space for users and suppliers. Buytogether is committed to shortening the transaction process between users and suppliers, thus attracting more transaction terminals to enter the platform. So it becomes a main advantage of Buytogether that attracts stores and suppliers at lower operating costs.<br />
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'''C.The Advantages of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.Creating needs actively.<br />
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Under the model of traditional e-commerce, users mostly buy goods based on their own needs, which means the platform itself is not active enough in inspiring customers’ demands. But Buytogether attracts new consumers and promotes their demands actively through low prices, recommendation from friends, group shopping and many other ways. <br />
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Users in social media will browse the information of products when they receive links of group shopping from their friends. The products are usually affordable and practical that are necessities for consumers, so they are likely to buy the products as well. Therefore, depending on the relation network of community members, it is easy for Buytogether to dig out and inspire customers’ potential needs.<br />
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2.Connecting users in many ways.<br />
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User connection is a significant advantage of Buytogether. Under the mode of community e-commerce, the relationship between users and sellers or other users is much closer. What community members pursue is not only the material benefits brought by products themselves, but also the interactive communication and emotional connection with others. Therefore, they tend to have a high degree of involvement and loyalty to stores, and spontaneously participate in the activities that contribute to the prosperity of the whole community like collaborative production, reputation building and spreading, content producing and so on, forming a C2B model where users’ demands guide the production, so as to solve the problem of inventory redundancy and optimize trading processes. Under the guidance of opinion leaders, community members are more likely to develop a herd mentality, and gain a sense of belonging and a sense of achievement from their collective actions. Fan economy, opinion leaders and herd effect in community e-commerce open a new vision for businesses to drive users to respond.<br />
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3.Promoting social contacts.<br />
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Traditional e-commerce improves the shopping experiences of individual consumers by issuing allowances, coupons and cross-store discounts. But Buytogether fosters adhesiveness of users through interaction. Buytogether utilizes the interpersonal network of community to innovate forms of discounts, such as inviting friends to help bargain, gain free charge and group price, not only meeting the customers’ practical needs of information acquisition, price concessions and product purchases, but also enabling customers to improve their shopping experiences with interactive entertainment.<br />
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'''D.The problems of Buytogether'''<br />
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1.The crisis of confidence<br />
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Recently, Buytogether has launched zero yuan purchase, cash withdrawal with friends’ help(by sharing links) and other activities that require users to invite their friends to participate in. However, to gain the promised benefits, users have to obey complex procedures and sometimes they get nothing after it. So in the process of these activities, consumers will feel interested and inspired at the beginning, and then they are likely to be disappointed, or even give up midway. Even if they really complete the task, they will feel that the harvest and their efforts are not proportional. In this way, it is easy for users to feel bored about the activity of the platform, seriously affecting their confidence in it.<br />
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2.The problem of low quality<br />
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Since its establishment, Buytogether has been adopting the low-price marketing strategy based on social networking including a series of discount activities, which have continuously compressed the profit space of the settled stores. In order to conform with the platform's low-price strategy as much as possible, these stores have to reduce the costs of raw materials and production, thus causing quality problems. In addition, due to Buytogether’s low entry threshold and loose supervision, the qualifications of its sellers are not all official. Some sellers enter the platform to sell fake and shoddy products, which not only damages the rights and interests of consumers, but also destroys users' trust in the platform.<br />
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3.The damage of corporate image<br />
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The main way for Buytogether to realize its community marketing is to attract new users by making current users constantly share the platform links. Current users frequently forward links to invite friends to help them gain a discount or cash rewards, but sometimes such behavior will bother their friends, the potential customers of Buytogether, and even stir their antipathy for this platform. Therefore, this method of marketing is a double-edged sword, sometimes damaging its corporate image.<br />
<br />
'''E.The Measures for Optimization'''<br />
<br />
Buytogether takes advantage of its unique social e-commerce model to open up its own e-commerce field in the fiercely competitive Chinese e-commerce market with the sinking market as the starting-point. Due to the poor commodity quality, low price and most of the users are price-sensitive in the sinking market, the moat (based on Buffett's moat theory )in intangible assets and customer switching cost is weak. In comparison, it cooperates with WeChat APP and make use of its huge traffic. At the same time, the "social fission" approach to platform promotion and the adoption of the C2M sales model to operate the platform has made it possible for the company to use its unique social e-commerce model to create its blue ocean of e-commerce. Against this background, Buytogether has a deep and wide moat in network effect and cost advantage. Based on the above analysis of the current market environment and the moat theory, I propose the following strategies for the future development of Buytogether :<br />
<br />
1.Optimize marketing rules and enhance users’ confidence.<br />
<br />
After years of accumulation, Buytogether has had a large number of registered users, so the marketing rules can be appropriately optimized based on it. Nowadays, Buytogether no longer needs to rely on fission marketing methods like sharing links to expand the user scale, but needs to improve its own marketing policies, utilize social media more rationally, and formulate marketing activities from the perspective of users. Buytogether can take into consideration increasing the probability of consumers completing their tasks in marketing activities and giving consumers more subsidies and dividends to gain their confidence and foster their loyalty to the platform.<br />
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2.Reinforce supervision and improve the quality of products.<br />
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If Buytogether wants to reduce inferior products, it must supervise its sellers closely. When sellers enter, their qualification and product quality must be strictly checked. In addition, while strengthening the supervision of the sellers, Buytogether is also advised to give more welfare to these sellers to encourage them to pay more attention to product quality, so as to solve related problems from the source. Moreover, Buytogether should also establish an organic system of after-sales service, increase the number of personnel to serve customers, and handle all kinds of complaints from users properly.<br />
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3.Polish up users’comments and improve the corporate image.<br />
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Consumers tend to consider the platform’s corporate image when choosing products. Unfortunately, many consumers have linked Buytogether with "inferior products" at present, so it is emergent for Buytogether to regain users' confidence and trust by improving its corporate image.<br />
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4.Improve the supply chain structure and the back-end service system.<br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's existing supply chain structure has made it possible for customers' demand to stimulate the upstream supply chain to carry out mass production, its accumulation is still not perfect. Besides, the existing investment in the upstream and the empowerment of the whole industry chain are also insufficient. The existing investment in upstream and empowerment of the whole industry chain is also insufficient. If it wants to grow further, Buytogether will need to spend some time and effort on improving its supply chain. In addition to partnering with third-party logistics, it could follow the example of the Yiatong 380 platform and set up hundreds of distribution networks across the country. Otherwise, learning from Alibaba's retail and village tao synergy system and the integrated logistics information management platform of Cainiao parcel even benchmark itself against Jingdong and create its own logistics system to have a more significant say in the upstream supply.<br />
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5.Stop blind expansion of incremental users, fine-tuned operation of stock users.<br />
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The Internet began to shift from a total market to a stock market as early as 2016, but the tapping of sinking traffic has slowed down the process. As the number of Buytogether 's users has reached 800 million, its future development strategy should no longer be to pursue incremental users number but to amplify the business value of individual users. Thus, it can refine the operation of its stock of users to repeat key actions through precise matching, increasing their stickiness and keeping them in a mature stage for a long time. <br />
<br />
Although Buytogether's current single-user purchase level is still low, it also has the potential to improve within the system through live streaming, subsidies, and other actions to improve user stickiness. As its digital, household appliances, and fresh produce categories continue to enrich, the trend of increasing customer unit price is noticeable. Suppose it can maintain the existing scale and development direction. In that case, Buytogether has more room for growth to better cope with the Tao system and other Internet e-commerce. It will allow Buytogether to better cope with the competition between the Tao system and other internet e-commerce companies and continue growing and developing.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''References'''<br />
<br />
1.百度百科<br />
<br />
2.梁艳.基于拼多多发展路径分析如何增强平台用户黏性[J].中国集体经济,2022(10):51-53.<br />
<br />
3.徐佳宁.基于社群经济的电商企业商业模式创新——以拼多多为例[J].现代营销(下旬刊),2022(03):128-130.DOI:10.19932/j.cnki.22-1256/F.2022.03.128.<br />
<br />
4.徐琴.拼多多的社交化营销策略研究[J].上海商业,2022(03):16-17. <br />
<br />
5.Nie Cheng,Xinyu Huang,Jing Qian. Analysis on Pinduoduo Business Model and Future Development Strategy based on Sinking Market[C]//.Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Global Economy and Business Management (GEBM 2021).[出版者不详],2021:279-287.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2021.049927.<br />
<br />
'''Terms'''<br />
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NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations(美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价表)<br />
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"2020 Hurun China Top 10 E-commerce":《2020胡润中国10强电商》<br />
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Sinking market: Small-town and rural markets where the most Chinese population live.<br />
<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
<br />
1.When was Buytogether founded?<br />
<br />
2.When was Buytogether listed on NASDAQ?<br />
<br />
3.What new type of e-commerce did Buytogether create?<br />
<br />
4.Which market does Buytogether target?<br />
<br />
5.What are advantages of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
6.What are problems of Buytogether?<br />
<br />
7.How to solve these problems?<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220523_homework&diff=145719CULTURE2022 20220523 homework2022-06-28T06:11:42Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
接着周瑞媳妇、吴新登媳妇、郑好时媳妇，这几个有年纪长往来的，听见宝玉挨了打，也都进来。袭人忙迎出来，悄悄的笑道：“婶娘们略来迟了一步，二爷睡着了。”说着，一面带他们到那边房里坐了，倒茶与他们吃。那几个媳妇子都悄悄的坐了一回，向袭人说：“等二爷醒了，你替我们说罢。”袭人答应了，送他们出去。刚要回来，只见王夫人使个婆子来口称：“太太叫一个跟二爷的人呢。”<br />
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And then the wife of Zhou Rui's, Wu Xindeng's, Zheng Haoshi's, the elder usually getting along with, having heard Precious Jade getting hurt, came in as well. Xiren welcomed with a rush, snickering and saying, "You have been late...Precious Jade has slept." At the same time, she led them to another room and offered some cups of tea to them. Those women were seated for some time and said to Xiren, "You don't express this until Precious Jade wakes up." Xiren said OK and gave them a warm leaving. When she came back, she saw Mrs. Wang asked an old woman for a person who had to look after Precious Jade.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:17, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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And then the wife of Zhou Rui, Wu Xindeng, Zheng Haoshi, the elder women Precious Jade usually getting along with,hearing Precious Jade getting hurt, came in as well. Aroma welcomed them outside hurriedly, snickering and saying, "You are late...Precious Jade has fell aslept." At the same time, she led them to another room and offered some cups of tea to them. Those women were seated for a while and said to Aroma, "Please express our meaning when Precious Jade wakes up!" Aroma promised and saw them off. When she came back, she saw Lady King asked an old woman for a person who had to look after Precious Jade.--[[User:Chen Kun|Chen Kun]] ([[User talk:Chen Kun|talk]])<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
袭人见说，想了一想，便回身悄悄的告诉晴雯、麝月、秋纹等人说：“太太叫人，你们好生在房里，我去了就来。”说毕，同那婆子一径出了园子，来至上房。王夫人正坐在凉榻上摇着芭蕉扇子，见他来了，说道：“你不管叫个谁来也罢了。又丢下他来了，谁伏侍他呢？”袭人见说，连忙陪笑回道：“二爷才睡安稳了，那四五个丫头，如今也好了，会伏侍二爷了，太太请放心。<br />
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After thinking about it for a while, Aroma turned to Qing Wen, She Yue and Qiu Wen and said in a whisper, "Madam is calling me, please stay here and I will come back soon." After saying that, she walked out of the garden with the old woman , arriving at the upper room. Lady King was sitting on the couch, shaking a plantain fan, when she came, Aroma said, "It doesn't matter who you call. But you left him there, and who's taking care of him?" "The second uncle just slept sweetly," she said. "Those maids are all right now. They are able to serve the second uncle.Please be relieved."<br />
<br />
After thinking about it for a while, Aroma turned to Qing Wen, She Yue and Qiu Wen and said in a whisper, "Madam is calling me, please stay here and I will come back soon." After saying that, she walked out of the garden with the old woman , arriving at the upper room. Lady King was sitting on the couch, fanning a plantain fan, when she came, Aroma said, "It doesn't matter who you call. But you left him there, and who's taking care of him?" " Precious Jade had just slept sweetly," she said. "Those maids are allright now. They are able to serve the him.Please be relieved."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 06:52, 2 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
恐怕太太有什么话吩咐，打发他们来，一时听不明白，到耽误了事。”王夫人道：“也没甚话，白问问他这会子疼的怎么样？”袭人道：“宝姑娘送来的药，我给二爷敷上了，比先好些了。先疼的躺不稳，这会子都睡沉了，可见好些。”王夫人又问：“吃了什么没有？”袭人道：“老太太给的一碗汤，喝了两口，只嚷干渴，要吃酸梅汤。我想酸梅是个收敛东西，刚才挨打，又不许叫喊，自然急的热毒热血未免存在心里，<br />
<br />
I'm afraid that Mistress has something to ask so I require them to be here. Little did I know that they can't understand the requirement and delay the time. Lady King said" It's not a big deal. Just ask him whether he is better now?" Aroma said" I've served him the medicine send by Lady Marshgrass, which makes him better than before. He was so hurt that he couldn't sleep before but now he could fall asleep, which shows the improvement." Lady King then asked" Did he eat something?" Aroma answered" He had the soup sent by Grandma but after having a few taste he argued that it was too dry that he wanted the plum syrup. I think that the plum is not the thing that he is supposed to take right now for he must be mad and wronged because he was beaten just now and wasn't allowed to screamed out,--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 03:40, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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I'm afraid that Mistress has something to ask so I require them to be here. Little did I know that they can't understand the requirement and delay the time. Lady King said" It's not a big deal. Just ask him whether he is better now?" Aroma said" I've served him the medicine send by Lady Marshgrass, which makes him better than before. He was so hurt that he couldn't sleep before but now he could fall asleep, which shows the improvement." Lady King then asked" Did he eat something?" Aroma answered" He had the soup sent by Grandma but after having a few taste he argued that it was too dry that he wanted the plum syrup. I think that the plum is not the thing that he is supposed to take right now for he must be mad and wronged because he was beaten just now and wasn't allowed to screamed out,—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 04:20, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
倘或吃下这个去，激在心里，再弄出大病来，可怎么样？因此我劝了半天，才没吃。只拿那糖腌的玫瑰卤子和了，吃了小半碗，嫌吃絮了，不香甜。”王夫人道：“嗳哟，你何不早来和我说？前日有人送了几瓶子香露来，原要给他一点子的，我怕胡遭塌了，就没给；既是他嫌那玫瑰膏子絮烦，把这个拿两瓶子去，一碗水里，只用挑得一茶匙，就香的了不得呢。”说着，就唤彩云来：“把前日的那几瓶香露拿了来。”<br />
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If he eats it and troubles leading to a disease, what can we do? So I persuaded him of not eating it. He just ate half bowl of roes which are pickled by sugar as the roses are not crisp enough to make him feel sweet.” Lady King said, “Oh! Why don’t you come and tell me earlier? Someone sent me several bottles of fragrant water the day before yesterday. I planning to give him some, am afraid that he couldn’t appreciate them. I didn’t give. Taking two of them if he really dislikes the stale roses. Just one teaspoon in a bowl of water is enough to aromatize it,” she asked Sunset, “Taking some of the fragrant water recently we got.”—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 04:44, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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If he eats it and troubles leading to a disease, what can we do? So I persuaded him of not eating it. He just ate half bowl of roes which are pickled by sugar as the roses are not crisp enough to make him feel sweet.” Lady King said, “Oh! Why don’t you come and tell me earlier? Someone sent me several bottles of fragrant water the day before yesterday. I planning to give him some, am afraid that he couldn’t appreciate them. I didn’t give. Taking two of them if he really dislikes the stale roses. Just one teaspoon in a bowl of water is enough to aromatize it,” she asked Sunset, “Taking some of the fragrant water recently we got.”--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:24, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
袭人道：“只拿两瓶来罢，多也白遭塌；等不够，再来取，也是一样。”彩云听了，去了半日，果然拿了两瓶来，付与袭人。袭人看时，只见两个玻璃小瓶，却有三寸大小，上面螺丝银盖，鹅黄笺上写着“木樨清露”，那一个写着“玫瑰清露”。袭人笑道：“好尊贵东西！这么个小瓶儿，能有多少？”王夫人道：“那是进上的，你没看见鹅黄笺子？你好生替他收着，别遭塌了。”<br />
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She said, "I'll only bring two bottles, it's not enough. When Caiyun heard this, she went away for half a day and really brought two bottles and paid them to Raider. When she looked at them, she saw two small glass bottles, but they were three inches in size, with screwed silver caps, and on the goose yellow paper was written "Muxu Qinglu", and the other one was written "Rose Qinglu". She laughed and said, "What a precious thing! How much can there be in such a small bottle?" Mrs. Wang said, "That's from the top, didn't you see the goose yellow paper? You should keep it for him, don't let it collapse."--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:23, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
袭人答应着，方要走时，王夫人又叫：“站着，我想起一句话来问你。”袭人忙又回来，王夫人见房内无人，便问道：“我恍惚听见宝玉今日捱打，是环儿在老爷跟前说了什么话，你可听见这个话没有？你要听见告诉我，我也不吵出来叫人知道是你说的。”袭人道：“我倒没听见这话，为二爷霸占着戏子，人家来和老爷要，为这个打的。”王夫人摇头说道：“也为这个，还有别的原故。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
袭人道：“别的原故，实在不知道了。今日大胆在太太跟前说句不知好歹的话，论理……”说了半截，却又咽住。王夫人道：“我有什么生气的，你只管说来。”袭人道：“太太别生气，我就说了。”王夫人道：“你说就是了。”袭人道：“论理我们二爷也得老爷教训教训，若老爷再不管，不知将来做出什么事来呢。”王夫人一闻此言，便合掌念声“阿弥陀佛”，由不得赶着袭人叫了一声：“我的儿！亏了你也明白这话，和我的心一样。<br />
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Aroma said: "I really don't know other reason. I dare speak ungrateful words in front of my wife today... " Then she swallowed the sentence. Lady King said, "You can tell me what makes me angry." Aroma said: "the wife don't be angry, I said." Lady King said, "Just tell me." Aroma: "on reason we two ye also get master teach a lesson, if master again no matter, do not know what matter to make in the future come." When Lady King heard this, she clasped her hands and said, "Amitabha Buddha!" She couldn't help crying out, "My son! But thou knowest that, as well as I do.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 08:15, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
我何曾不知管儿子？先时你珠大爷在，我是怎么样管他，难道我如今倒不知管儿子了？只是有个原故：如今我想我已经五十岁的人了，通其剩了他一个，他又长得单弱，况且老太太宝贝似的，若管紧了他，倘或再有好歹，或是老太太气坏了，那时上下不安，岂不倒坏了，所以就纵坏了他。我常常掰着口儿说一阵，劝一阵，哭一阵，彼时他好过，后来还是不相干，端的吃了亏才罢。设若打坏了，将来我靠谁呢！”<br />
<br />
When do I fail to handle my son? How I disciplined my elder son, Bead Merchant, when he was still alive? Don't I know how to teach my son now? Maybe there is one reason: I have already 50 years old now with only one son who is thin and weak. In addition, old lady loves him so much that if anything happens to him or old lady is in a rage because of my puritanical control of him, no one can live peacefully. So, he has been quite spoiled. I often use all kinds of ways to teach him, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by persuasion, and other times by crying. He had been submissive for a while, but returned to be a handful again. He will not learn to be good unless suffers some loss. However, if you hit him injured or disabled, who could I rely on in the future?––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:48, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
When do I fail to handle my son? How I disciplined my elder son, Bead Merchant, when he was still alive? Don't I know how to teach my son now? Maybe there is one reason: I have already 50 years old now with only one son who is thin and weak. In addition, old lady loves him so much that if anything happens to him or old lady is in a rage because of my puritanical control of him, no one can live peacefully. So, he has been quite spoiled. I often use all kinds of ways to teach him, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by persuasion, and other times by crying. He had been submissive for a while, but returned to be a handful again. He will not learn to be good unless suffers some loss. However, if you hit him injured or disabled, who could I rely on in the future?--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 15:26, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
说着，由不得滚下泪来。袭人见王夫人这般悲感，自己也不觉伤了心，陪着落泪。又道：“二爷是太太养的，太太岂不心疼；便是我们做下人的，伏侍一场，大家落个平安，也算是造化了。要这样起来，连平安都不能了。那一日那一时，我不劝二爷？只是再劝不醒。偏生那些人又肯亲近他，也怨不得他这样，总是我们劝的倒不好了。今日太太提起这话来，我还记挂着一件事，<br />
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With this she burst into tears. And Xijen, seeing her distress, wept in sympathy."He' s your son , madam , of course you take this to heart." Even those of us who wait on him would be happy if everyone could keep out of trouble. If thing go on like this we will be peace either. Not a day goes by but I reason with Master Pao, yet it has no effect. It is not bit fault if people of that sort make up to him, and he loses patience when we reason with him. Since you've brought this up, madam, I would like to ask your advice about something that has been worrying me for a long time.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 16:27, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
每要来回太太，讨太太个主意，只是我怕太太疑心，不但我的话白说了，且连葬身之地都没了。”王夫人听了这话内中有因，忙问道：“我的儿！你只管说。近来我因听见众人背前面后都夸你，我只说你不过在宝玉身上留心，或是诸人跟前和气，这些小意思。谁知你方才和我说的话，全是大道理，正合我的心事。你有什么，只管说什么，只别叫别人知道就是了。”<br />
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“I am told to reply to Grandma everytime, asking for ideas from her, which makes me be afraid that were Grandma suspicious of it, all of my effords would be in vain and I would die without a burial place.”Lady King smiled the reasons behind his words, hastening to say, “My son! Just say it out. Recent years I have been hearing that people are prasing you both in front of me and behind me, so I just tell you to watch out Precious Jade and be friendly with others, these sorts of trivial things. What you say just now turned out to be the great truth, which is in line with my worry. So just say what you want to say without hesitation. Be careful not to let it exposed to others.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 09:25, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“Madam, every time I want to come here to ask for your ideas, I am afraid of your suspecting it. In that case, all of my effords would be in vain and I would die without a burial place.” Hearing this, Lady King thought there must be some reason hiding in her words, so hastened to ask, “My girl! Just say it out. Recently I have heard that people all praise you both in front of and behind you, so I just say that you only watch out Precious Jade or are friendly with others, which is a small thing. But what you said just now turns out to be the great truth, which is in line with my worry. So just say what you want to say without hesitation. Be careful not to let it be exposed to others.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 12:04, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
袭人道：“我也没什么别的说，我只想着讨太太一个示下，怎么变个法儿，以后竟还叫二爷搬出园外来住，就好了。”王夫人听了，吃一大惊，忙拉了袭人的手，问道：“宝玉难道和谁作怪了不成？”袭人连忙回道：“太太别多心，并没有这话。这不过是我的小见识：如今二爷也大了，里头姑娘们也大了，况且林姑娘宝姑娘又是两姨姑表姊妹，虽说是姊妹们，到底是男女之分，日夜一处，起坐不方便，由不得叫人悬心，<br />
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Aroma said, “Madam, I have nothing else to say, but want to ask for your idea how to use a new way to make second master move and live outside the garden again. That would be great.” Hearing of it, Lady King, much shocked, hurried to take her hand and asked, “Did Precious Jade have words with else?” “Madam, take it easy. Nothing happens. It is only for my own narrow thought. Now second master has grown up, and so do those girls. Furthermore, Misses Forest and Precious are his cousins. Despite their such relationships, there exists the gender difference and it is unacceptable to stay together day and night any more, which worries people.” answered Aroma in haste.—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 11:48, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma said, “Madam, I have nothing else to say, but want to ask for your idea how to use a new way to make the second master move and live outside the garden again. That would be great.” Hearing that, Lady King, much shocked, hurried to take her hand and asked, “Did Precious Jade have words with else?” “Madam, take it easy. Nothing happened. It is only for my own narrow thought. Now the second master has grown up, and so do those girls. Furthermore, Misses Forest and Precious are his cousins. Despite their such relationships, there exists the gender difference and it is unacceptable to stay together day and night any more, which worries people.” answered Aroma in haste.--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 05:57, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
便是外人看着，也不像大家子的体统。俗语说的好，‘没事常思有事’，世上多少没头脑的事，多半因为无心中做出，有心人看见，当做有心事，反说坏了，只是预先不防着断然不好。二爷素日性格，太太是知道的。他又偏好在我们队里闹，倘或不防，前后错了一点半点，不论真假，人多口杂，那起小人的嘴，有什么避讳，心顺了，说的比菩萨还好；心不顺，就编的连畜生不如。<br />
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Even others who witness, would think indecent. As the saying goes,"It's never too early to get ready for the inevitable." How many unitentional things in the world are fabricated as intentional ones by someone who has plots. Relaxing vigilance in advance is not good. Madam, you know the personality of the second young master. He prefers to play with us. If there's no safeguard, once he makes some mistakes, no matter which is true or false, these mean guys will make up rumors at will. If they are happy, they could glorify him better than Bodhisattva otherwise they could abuse him worse than animals.--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 07:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Even others who witness, would think indecent. As the saying goes,"It's never too early to get ready for the inevitable." How many unitentional things in the world are fabricated as intentional ones by someone who has plots. Relaxing vigilance in advance is not good. Madam, you know the personality of the second young master. He prefers to play with us. If there's no safeguard, once he makes some mistakes, no matter which is true or false, these mean guys will make up rumors at will. If they are happy, they could glorify him better than Bodhisattva otherwise they could abuse him worse than animals. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:52, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
二爷将来倘或有人说好，不过大家直过；设若叫人哼出一声不是来，我们不用说，粉身碎骨，罪有万重，都是平常小事，但后来二爷一生的声名品行，岂不完了？二则太太也难见老爷。俗语又说，‘君子防未然’，不如这会子防避的为是。太太事情多，一时固然想不到；我们想不到则可，既想到了，若不回明太太，罪越重了。近来我为这事，日夜悬心，又不好说与人，惟有灯知道罢了。”<br />
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If Precious Jade was belittled by others even at one time, it doesn’t matter that we was teared apart with ultimate sins, but it matters that his fame in his later life was ruined completely. As the saying goes, “nip in the bud.” It wil be better if he prevents and evades now. You hadn’t had time to think of this as you have too many things to deal with. Since we have thought of this thing, we will be as guilty as hell if we don’t inform you. I was worried a lot about this recently but only the lantern know my concern since it was inappropriate to talk such a thing with others. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:51, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
王夫人听了这话，如雷轰电掣的一般，正触了金钏儿之事，心下越发感爱袭人不尽，忙笑道：“我的儿！你竟有这个心胸，想得这样周全。我何曾又不想到这里？只是这几次有事就忘了。你今日这一番话提醒了我，难为你成全我娘儿两个声名体面，真真我竟不知道你这样好罢了。你且去罢，我自有道理。只是还有一句话，你今既说了这样的话，我就把他交给你了，好歹留心，保全了他，就是保全了我，我自然不辜负你。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
袭人连声答应着去了。回来正值宝玉睡醒，袭人回明香露之事，宝玉喜不自禁，即命调来吃，果然香妙非常。因心下记挂着黛玉，满心里要打发人去，只是怕袭人，便设一法先使袭人往宝钗那里去借书。袭人去了，宝玉便命晴雯来，吩咐道：“你到林姑娘那里，看看他做什么呢。他要问我，只说我好了。”晴雯道：“白眉赤眼儿的，作什么去呢？到底说句话儿，也象一件事。”<br />
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Aroma replied repeatedly. When she came back, Precious Jade just woke up. She answered clearly about the fragrant dew, which made him excited. He then asked others to send it to him, which is really luscious. Keeping thinking about Mascara Jade, he wanted ask others to see her, but feared Aroma. So he tried to let her to borrow books from Precious Hairpin. After she left, he ordered Sunny Cloud Formation to come and said,“ Go to see Miss Lin and look what she is doing. If she asks about me, you can just say I'm ok.” Sunny Cloud Formation said,“ What are you doing with this? It’s only reasonable to talk about other things.”—[[User:Liu Qianyi|Liu Qianyi]] ([[User talk:Liu Qianyi|talk]]) 17:19, 4 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma replied repeatedly and went away. When she came back, Precious Jade just woke up. She answered clearly about the fragrant dew, which made him excited. He then asked others to send it to him, which is really luscious. Keeping thinking about Mascara Jade, he wanted ask others to see her, but feared Aroma. So he tried to let her to borrow books from Precious Hairpin. After she left, he ordered Sunny Cloud Formation to come and said,“ Go to see Miss Lin and look what she is doing. If she asks about me, you can just say I'm ok.” Sunny Cloud Formation said,“ What are you doing with this? It’s only reasonable to talk about other things.”--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 15:18, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
宝玉道：“没有什么可说的。”晴雯道：“若不然或是送件东西，或是取件东西；不然，我去了，怎么样搭赸呢？”宝玉想了一想，便伸手拿了两条手帕子，撂与晴雯，笑道：“也罢，就说我叫你送这个给他去了。”晴雯道：“这又奇了，他要这半新不旧的两条帕子？他又要恼了，说你打趣他。”宝玉笑道：“你放心，他自然知道。”晴雯听了，只得拿了帕子，往潇湘馆来。<br />
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Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to him." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. He wants these two old handkerchiefs? He's annoyed again and says you tease him." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, he naturally knows." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 07:57, 25 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to her." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. who wants these two old handkerchiefs? she is annoyed again and says you tease her." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, she will know." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
只见春纤正在栏杆上晾手帕子，见他进来，忙摇手儿说：“睡下了。”晴雯走进来，满屋漆黑，并未点灯，黛玉已睡在床上，问：“是谁？”晴雯忙答道：“晴雯。”黛玉道：”做什么？”晴雯道：“二爷送手帕子来给姑娘。”黛玉听了，心中发闷，暗想：“做什么送手帕子来给我？”因问：“这帕子是谁送他的，必定是好的，叫他留着送别人罢，我这会不用这个。”晴雯笑道：“不是新的，就是家常旧的。”<br />
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Seeing her hanging handkerchiefs to dry on the balustrade, Cloud Formation held up a finger to warn: “She has fallen sleep.”Cloud Formation slipped into the dark room with the light off. Mascara Jade Forest, lying on the bed, asked:“who is there?”“It is Cloud Formation.” “What is the matter?”“Precious Jade Merchant has sent you some handkerchiefs.” Why does he send me these? Mascara Jade Forest thought. “Where does he get these?” “They are unique. Tell him to send someone else, I do not need them.”“They're not new,”Cloud Formation replied. “he used them a lot.”--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:14, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
黛玉听了，越发闷往。细心搜求，一时方大悟过来，连忙说：“放下，去罢。”晴雯只得放了，抽身回去；一路盘算，不解何意。这林黛玉体贴出手帕子的意思来，不觉神魂驰荡：“宝玉这番苦心能领会我这番苦意，又令我可喜；我这番苦意，不知将来如何，又令我可悲；忽然好好的送两块帕子来，若不是领我深意，单看了这帕子，又令我可笑了。再想到私相传递，我又可惧；我自己每每好哭，想来也无味，又令我可愧。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
如此左思右想，一时五内沸然，由不得余意缠绵，便命掌灯，也想不起嫌疑避讳等事，研墨蘸笔，便向那两块旧帕上写道：眼空蓄泪泪空垂，暗洒闲抛却为谁？尺幅鲛绡劳惠赠，叫人焉得不伤悲！其二抛珠滚玉只偷潸，镇日无心镇日闲；枕上袖边难拂拭，任他点点与斑斑。其三彩线难收面上珠，湘江旧迹已模糊；窗前亦有千竿竹，不识香痕渍也无？林黛玉还要往下写时，觉得浑身火热，面上作烧，<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
走至镜台，揭起锦袱一照，只见腮上通红，真合压倒桃花，却不知病由此萌。一时方上床睡去，犹拿着帕子思索，不在话下。却说袭人来见宝钗，谁知宝钗不在园内，往他母亲那里去了。袭人不便空手回来，等至二更，宝钗方回来。原来宝钗素知薛蟠情性，心中已有一半疑薛蟠挑唆了人来告宝玉的，谁知又听袭人说出来，越发信了。究竟袭人是焙茗说的，那焙茗也是私心窥度，并未据实，大家都是一半猜度，一半据实，竟认准是他说的。<br />
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Walking beside the mirror, she unveiled the cover and saw that her face was totally red which was even more beautiful than peach blossom but she did not know that was how the illness came. So she went to bed at that moment, thinking with handkerchief. Xiren came to see Baochai but she did not know that Baochai was not home and Baochai went to see her mother. It was not convenient for her to go back with her hand empty. Baochai did not come until two o'clock. Baochai always knew that Xuepan's quality so she suspected that it was him who incited someone to tell Baoyu. Moreover, she heard Xiren's words and believed it further. But Xiren was told by Beiming. She was guessing and had not confirm it. Everyone was not convinced and thought it was her who told the story.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 04:55, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Walking beside the mirror, she unveiled the cover and saw that her face was totally red which was even more beautiful than peach blossom but she did not know that was how the illness came. So she went to bed at that moment, thinking with handkerchief. Aroma came to see Baochai but she did not know that Baochai was not home and Baochai went to see her mother. It was not convenient for her to go back with her hand empty. Baochai did not come until two o'clock. Baochai always knew that Xuepan's quality so she suspected that it was him who incited someone to tell Precious Jade. Moreover, she heard Xiren's words and believed it further. But Xiren was told by Beiming. She was guessing and had not confirm it. Everyone was not convinced and thought it was her who told the story.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 15:57, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
那薛蟠因素日有这个名声，其实这一次却不是他干的，被人生生的一口咬死是他，有口难分。这日正从外头吃了酒回来，见过母亲，只见宝钗在这里，说了几句闲话，因问：“听见宝兄弟吃了亏，是为什么？”薛姨妈正为这个不自在，见他问时，便咬着牙道：“不知好歹的冤家，都是你闹的，你还有睑来问！”薛蟠见说，便怔了，忙问道：“我何尝闹什么？”薛姨妈道：“你还装腔呢！人人都知道是你说的，还赖呢。”<br />
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Because Dragon Marshgrass had a bad reputation，actually he hadn’t done it this time，but he was considered to be the one，he can hardly defend himself. That day he was coming back from drinking out，he greeted his mother and found Precious Jade Merchant here，he made a few polite remarks，then asked：“I heard that you，old sport，got screwed，why？” Aunt Marshgrass was in unpleasant for that，hearing that，she gritted her teeth and said，“You are really an ungrateful wretch，it’s all your fault，how dare you ask about this？” Dragon Marshgrass heard that，he became puzzled，and he quickly asked：“What did I do？” Aunt Marshgrass said，“Don’t come the raw prawn！Everyone said it is you said that，you’re still faking it！”[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 16:54, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Because Dragon Marshgrass had a bad reputation, he was firmly considered to be the one who did it and he could hardly defend for himself.Actually he hadn’t done it this time. That day he was coming back from drinking outside，he greeted his mother and found Precious Jade Merchant here，he made a few polite remarks，and then asked：“I heard that your old sport，Precious Jade,got screwed，why？” Aunt Marshgrass was just in unpleasure for that，hearing that，she gritted her teeth and said，“You are really an ungrateful wretch.It was all your fault，how dare you ask about this？”Hearing that, Dragon Marshgrass became puzzled，and he quickly asked：“What on earth did I do？” Aunt Marshgrass said，“Don’t come the raw prawn！Everyone knew it is you who said that，but you’re still faking it！”--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:53, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
薛蟠道：“人人说我杀了人，也就信了罢？”薛姨妈道：“连你妹妹都知道是你说的，难道他也赖你不成？”宝钗忙劝道：“妈妈和哥哥且别叫喊，消消停停的，就有个青红皂白了。”向薛蟠道：“是你说的也罢，不是你说的也罢，事情也过去了，不必较正，把小事弄大了。我只劝你，从此以后，少在外头胡闹，少管别人的事。天天一处大家胡逛，你是个不防头的人，过后沒事就罢了，倘或有事，不是你干的，人人都也疑惑说是你干的。<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass said:"If all accussed that I had killed people, would you choose to follow them?" Aunt Marshgrass said:"Even your sister was clear that you said that,would she also frame you ?" Precious Hairpin immediately persuaded them :"My mom and brother,please stop yelling. Just be soft and the thing will naturally be figured out." Then she turned to Dragon Marshgrass:" No matter you have said that or not, it will be the past. Don't correct it ,or it will be magnified. I just want to exhort you to take control of yourself instead of intervene others ever after. Every day you hang out anywhere,but you are a mindless person.If everything goes well, it is lucky. But when something happens, you will be douted that you do it.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:52, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
不用别人，我先就疑惑你”。薛蟠本是个心直口快的人，见不得这样藏头露尾的事；又是宝钗劝他不要逛去，他母亲又说他犯舌，宝玉之打，是他治的，早已急得乱跳，赌神发誓的分辩。又骂众人：“谁这么编派我？我把那囚攮的牙敲了！分明是为打了宝玉，没的献勤儿，拿我来做幌子。难道宝玉是天王？他父亲打他一顿，一家子定要闹几天！那一回为他不好，姨父打了他两下子，<br />
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"Don't doubt others, I doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't see such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was beaten because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 15:15, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"No need to doubt others, I’d doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't bear such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was kicked because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 14:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
过后儿老太太不知怎么知道了，说是珍大哥治的，好好的叫了去骂了一顿。今日越发拉上我了！既拉上我，也不怕；索性进去把宝玉打死了，我替他偿命，大家干净。”一面嚷，一面找起一根门闩来就跑。慌得薛姨妈拉住骂道：“作死的孽障，你打谁去？你先打我来！”薛蟠的眼急得铜铃一般，嚷道：“何苦来！又不叫我去，又好好的赖我。将来宝玉活一日，我耽一日的口舌，不如大家死了清净。”<br />
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Just after that heaven knows what happened to the old lady, saying it was Precious Brother to blame and gave him a rough lesson.Now it just comes towards me! Since that, I am not afraid; You will be doing me a favor if beaten him to death. I would pay his life with my own, which would save trouble for you.” Saying, he ran forward with a latch. Aunt Marshgrass was frightened, pulling him and rebuking, “you son of bitch, who are you intend to beat? Beat me first!” Dragon Marshgrass eyes were so worried that he shouted, "why bother to come? Don't ask me to go, and rely on me well. In the future, if Precious Jade lives one day, I will lose one day's words. It's better for everyone to die ."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 15:10, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
宝钗忙也上前劝道：“你忍耐些儿罢。妈妈急的这个样儿，你不说来劝，你倒反闹得这样。别说是妈妈，便是旁人来劝你，也为你好，倒把你的性子劝上来。”薛蟠道：“你这会子又说这话。都是你说的！”宝钗道：“你只怨我说，再不怨你那顾前不顾后的形景。”薛蟠道：“你只会怨我顾前不顾后，你怎么不怨宝玉外头招风惹草的呢？别说别的，就拿前日琪官儿的事比给你们听：<br />
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Baochai rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mom is so anxious,you didn't say anything to persuade.instead, you make trouble like this. Don't say it's your mother, even if someone else comes to persuade you, it's also for the goodness of you. But it is somehow incurring your bad temper." Xue Pan said: "You're saying this again now. It's all yours!" Baochai said: "You only blame me for saying it, and don't blame youself for being ignorant of the futurity. Xue Pan said: "You can only blame me for not caring about the futurity, why don't you blame Baoyu for causing trouble outside? Don't say anything else, let's Take the case of Qi Guan'er the day before yesterday and compare it to you.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Hairpin rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mother is so mad, and you didn't say anything soothing. Instead, you make troubles like this. If it is not mother, but someone else comes to persuade you, for the goodness of you, it is somehow stirring your bad temper." Dragon Marshgrass said: "Now you are saying this! It is all because of you" Precious Hairpin said: "You only blame me for saying it out, but justify youself being ignorant of others and futurity." Dragon Marshgrads said: "You can only blame me for not caring about others and futurity. Why don't you say something Precious Jade's flirtation outside? Not to mention anything else, let's take that Actor Jade the day before yesterday and compare this:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:57, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那琪官儿我们见了十来次，他并未和我说一句亲热话，怎么前日他见了，连姓名还不知道，就把汗巾子给他？难道这也是我说的不成？”薛姨妈和宝钗急的说道：“还提这个！可不是为这个打他呢！可见是你说的了。”薛蟠道：“真真的气死人了！赖我说的我不恼，我只为一个宝玉闹的这么天翻地覆的。”宝钗道：“谁闹？你先持刀动仗的闹起来，倒说别人闹。”<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also say this?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who said it out." "How irritating! I won't be angry that you accuse me of doing this. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:44, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also make this up?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you still mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who gave it out." "How irritating! I wouldn't have been angry that you accuse me of making up the story. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who arm yourself to the teeth and start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
薛蟠见宝钗说的话句句有理，难以驳正，比母亲的话反难回答，因此便要设法拿话堵回他去，就无人敢拦自己的话了；也因正在气头上，未曾想话之轻重，便道：“好妹妹，你不用和我闹，我早知道你的心了，从先妈妈和我说，你这金要拣有玉的才可配，你留了心，见宝玉有那劳什子，你自然如今行动护着他。”话未说了，把个宝钗气怔了，拉着薛姨妈哭道：“妈妈，你听哥哥说的是什么话！”<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, seeing that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it, and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, he was then about to think out language to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother told me before that for you with that gold, must be selectively coupled with a jade one. And having reminded this in your heart, and seen that Precious Jade has that trash thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass. “Mother,” she observed, “have you heard what brother says?”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, feeling that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, attempted to say something to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother has told me before with that gold, you must be selectively coupled with one with a jade. And having this in your heart and seeing that Precious Jade has a jade thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass.“Mother,” she cries, “have you heard what my brother said?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 02:09, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
薛蟠见妹子哭了，便知自己冒撞，便赌气走到自己房里安歇不提。宝钗满心委屈气忿，待要怎样，又怕他母亲不安，少不得含泪别了母亲，各自回来，到房里整哭了一夜。次日一早起来，也无心梳洗，胡乱整理。便出来瞧母亲。可巧遇见黛玉，独立在花阴之下，问他：“那里去？’薛宝钗因说：“家去。”口里说着，便只管走。黛玉见他无精打彩的去了，又见眼上好似有哭泣之状，大非往日可比，便在后面笑道：“姐姐也自己保重些儿，就是哭出两缸泪来，也医不好棒疮！”不知薛宝钗如何答对，且听下回分解。<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass konws he has said something offensive as soon as seeing her sister crying,so he goes back to his own room without mentioning what he said while feeling wronged and acting rashly. Although wronged and raged, Precious Hairpin cares so heavily about her mother that she finally refrains from what she initially wants to do and leaves her mother with tears in her eyes. After she and her mother return separately, she crys all that night in her room. On the morrow, Precious Hairpin has no motivation to do makeup and just freshenes herself up hurriedly and casually after getting up. In her way to visit her mother, she meets Mascara Jade coincidentally, who stands alone in the shades of flowers and asks her,"Where are you going?"Precious Hairpin replies," To my mother's room." While she replies to Mascara Jade,her footsteps are still on. Seeing her in the blues and seeming like having cried that is told from her eyes, which make her extremely different from what she is normally, Mascara Jade derides her in the behind,"My elder sister,you'd better take care of yourself more delicately. Even if your tears could feed two crocks to the full,it is impossible to cure the marks from blows!" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's response is still unknown and will be unveiled in the next chapter.—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:27, 24 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass konws he has said something offensive as soon as seeing her sister crying,so he goes back to his own room without mentioning what he said while feeling wronged and acting rashly. Although wronged and raged, Precious Hairpin cares so heavily about her mother that she finally refrains from what she initially wants to do and leaves her mother with tears in her eyes. After she and her mother return separately, she crys all that night in her room. On the morrow, Precious Hairpin has no motivation to do makeup and just freshenes herself up hurriedly and casually after getting up. In her way to visit her mother, she meets Mascara Jade coincidentally, who stands alone in the shades of flowers and asks her,"Where are you going?"Precious Hairpin replies," To my mother's room." While she replies to Mascara Jade,her footsteps are still on. Seeing her in the blues and seeming like having cried that is told from her eyes, which make her extremely different from what she is normally, Mascara Jade derides her in the behind,"My elder sister,you'd better take care of yourself more delicately. Even if your tears could feed two crocks to the full,it is impossible to cure the marks from blows!" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's response is still unknown and will be unveiled in the next chapter.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 15:11, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
◎第三十五回白玉钏亲尝莲叶羹黄金莺巧结梅花络话说宝钗分明听见林黛玉克薄他，因记挂着母亲哥哥，并不回头，一径去了。这里林黛玉还是立于花阴之下，远远的却向怡红院内望着。只见李宫裁、迎春、探春、惜春并各项人等都向怡红院内去过之后，一起一起的散尽了；只不见凤姐儿来。心里自己盘算道：“如何他不来瞧宝玉？便是有事缠住了，他必定也是要来打个花胡哨，讨老太太、太太的好儿才是。今儿这早晚不来，必有原故。“<br />
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Jade Chuan White tastes too the lotus-leaf soup. Golden Oriole Yellow skillfully plaits the plum-blossom-knotted nets. Precious Hairpin had, our story goes, distinctly heard Mascara Jade Forest 's sneer, but in her eagerness to see her mother and brother, she did not so much as turn her head round, but continued straight on her way. During this time, Mascara Jade Forest halted under the shadow of the trees. Upon casting a glance, in the distance towards the Happy Red Court, she observed Li Kung-ts'ai, Spring Pleasure, Seeking-Spring, Chrishing-Spring and various inmates wending their steps in a body in the direction of the I Hung court; but after they had gone past, and company after company of them had dispersed, she only failed to see Sister Phoenix come. "How is it," she cogitated within herself, "that she doesn't come to see Precious Jade? Even supposing that there was some business to detain her, she should also have put in an appearance, so as to curry flavour with our venerable senior madames. But if she hasn't shown herself at this hour of the day, there must certainly be some cause or other."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 09:39, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Jade Chuan White tastes the lotus-leaf soup as well. Golden Oriole Yellow skillfully plaits the plum-blossom-knotted nets. Precious Hairpin had her story goes, distinctly hearing Mascara Jade Forest's sneer, but in her eagerness to see her mother and brother, she did not so much as turn her head around but continued straight on her way. During this time, Mascara Jade Forest halted under the shadow of the trees. Upon casting a glance, in the distance towards the Happy Red Court, she observed Li Kung-Tsai, Spring Pleasure, Seeking-Spring, Cherishing-Spring, and various inmates wending their steps in a body in the direction of the I Hung court; but after they had gone past, and company after company of them had dispersed, she only failed to see Sister Phoenix come. "How is it," she cogitated within herself, "that she doesn't come to see Precious Jade? Even supposing that there was some business to detain her, she should also have put in an appearance, so as to curry favor with our venerable senior madames. But if she hasn't shown herself at this hour of the day, there must certainly be some reasons."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:38, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220523_homework&diff=145717CULTURE2022 20220523 homework2022-06-28T06:11:10Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
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*[[CULTURE2022_20220523_homework|homework of session 14 for session 15 May 30]]<br />
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=Please write your homework directly here=<br />
Just click on the edit button behind your name and add the English translation as a seperate paragraph, separated by blank line. <br />
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Also, please correct the translation of the fellow student above you by pasting a 2nd English paragraph beneath.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
接着周瑞媳妇、吴新登媳妇、郑好时媳妇，这几个有年纪长往来的，听见宝玉挨了打，也都进来。袭人忙迎出来，悄悄的笑道：“婶娘们略来迟了一步，二爷睡着了。”说着，一面带他们到那边房里坐了，倒茶与他们吃。那几个媳妇子都悄悄的坐了一回，向袭人说：“等二爷醒了，你替我们说罢。”袭人答应了，送他们出去。刚要回来，只见王夫人使个婆子来口称：“太太叫一个跟二爷的人呢。”<br />
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And then the wife of Zhou Rui's, Wu Xindeng's, Zheng Haoshi's, the elder usually getting along with, having heard Precious Jade getting hurt, came in as well. Xiren welcomed with a rush, snickering and saying, "You have been late...Precious Jade has slept." At the same time, she led them to another room and offered some cups of tea to them. Those women were seated for some time and said to Xiren, "You don't express this until Precious Jade wakes up." Xiren said OK and gave them a warm leaving. When she came back, she saw Mrs. Wang asked an old woman for a person who had to look after Precious Jade.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:17, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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And then the wife of Zhou Rui, Wu Xindeng, Zheng Haoshi, the elder women Precious Jade usually getting along with,hearing Precious Jade getting hurt, came in as well. Aroma welcomed them outside hurriedly, snickering and saying, "You are late...Precious Jade has fell aslept." At the same time, she led them to another room and offered some cups of tea to them. Those women were seated for a while and said to Aroma, "Please express our meaning when Precious Jade wakes up!" Aroma promised and saw them off. When she came back, she saw Lady King asked an old woman for a person who had to look after Precious Jade.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
袭人见说，想了一想，便回身悄悄的告诉晴雯、麝月、秋纹等人说：“太太叫人，你们好生在房里，我去了就来。”说毕，同那婆子一径出了园子，来至上房。王夫人正坐在凉榻上摇着芭蕉扇子，见他来了，说道：“你不管叫个谁来也罢了。又丢下他来了，谁伏侍他呢？”袭人见说，连忙陪笑回道：“二爷才睡安稳了，那四五个丫头，如今也好了，会伏侍二爷了，太太请放心。<br />
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After thinking about it for a while, Aroma turned to Qing Wen, She Yue and Qiu Wen and said in a whisper, "Madam is calling me, please stay here and I will come back soon." After saying that, she walked out of the garden with the old woman , arriving at the upper room. Lady King was sitting on the couch, shaking a plantain fan, when she came, Aroma said, "It doesn't matter who you call. But you left him there, and who's taking care of him?" "The second uncle just slept sweetly," she said. "Those maids are all right now. They are able to serve the second uncle.Please be relieved."<br />
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After thinking about it for a while, Aroma turned to Qing Wen, She Yue and Qiu Wen and said in a whisper, "Madam is calling me, please stay here and I will come back soon." After saying that, she walked out of the garden with the old woman , arriving at the upper room. Lady King was sitting on the couch, fanning a plantain fan, when she came, Aroma said, "It doesn't matter who you call. But you left him there, and who's taking care of him?" " Precious Jade had just slept sweetly," she said. "Those maids are allright now. They are able to serve the him.Please be relieved."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 06:52, 2 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
恐怕太太有什么话吩咐，打发他们来，一时听不明白，到耽误了事。”王夫人道：“也没甚话，白问问他这会子疼的怎么样？”袭人道：“宝姑娘送来的药，我给二爷敷上了，比先好些了。先疼的躺不稳，这会子都睡沉了，可见好些。”王夫人又问：“吃了什么没有？”袭人道：“老太太给的一碗汤，喝了两口，只嚷干渴，要吃酸梅汤。我想酸梅是个收敛东西，刚才挨打，又不许叫喊，自然急的热毒热血未免存在心里，<br />
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I'm afraid that Mistress has something to ask so I require them to be here. Little did I know that they can't understand the requirement and delay the time. Lady King said" It's not a big deal. Just ask him whether he is better now?" Aroma said" I've served him the medicine send by Lady Marshgrass, which makes him better than before. He was so hurt that he couldn't sleep before but now he could fall asleep, which shows the improvement." Lady King then asked" Did he eat something?" Aroma answered" He had the soup sent by Grandma but after having a few taste he argued that it was too dry that he wanted the plum syrup. I think that the plum is not the thing that he is supposed to take right now for he must be mad and wronged because he was beaten just now and wasn't allowed to screamed out,--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 03:40, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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I'm afraid that Mistress has something to ask so I require them to be here. Little did I know that they can't understand the requirement and delay the time. Lady King said" It's not a big deal. Just ask him whether he is better now?" Aroma said" I've served him the medicine send by Lady Marshgrass, which makes him better than before. He was so hurt that he couldn't sleep before but now he could fall asleep, which shows the improvement." Lady King then asked" Did he eat something?" Aroma answered" He had the soup sent by Grandma but after having a few taste he argued that it was too dry that he wanted the plum syrup. I think that the plum is not the thing that he is supposed to take right now for he must be mad and wronged because he was beaten just now and wasn't allowed to screamed out,—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 04:20, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
倘或吃下这个去，激在心里，再弄出大病来，可怎么样？因此我劝了半天，才没吃。只拿那糖腌的玫瑰卤子和了，吃了小半碗，嫌吃絮了，不香甜。”王夫人道：“嗳哟，你何不早来和我说？前日有人送了几瓶子香露来，原要给他一点子的，我怕胡遭塌了，就没给；既是他嫌那玫瑰膏子絮烦，把这个拿两瓶子去，一碗水里，只用挑得一茶匙，就香的了不得呢。”说着，就唤彩云来：“把前日的那几瓶香露拿了来。”<br />
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If he eats it and troubles leading to a disease, what can we do? So I persuaded him of not eating it. He just ate half bowl of roes which are pickled by sugar as the roses are not crisp enough to make him feel sweet.” Lady King said, “Oh! Why don’t you come and tell me earlier? Someone sent me several bottles of fragrant water the day before yesterday. I planning to give him some, am afraid that he couldn’t appreciate them. I didn’t give. Taking two of them if he really dislikes the stale roses. Just one teaspoon in a bowl of water is enough to aromatize it,” she asked Sunset, “Taking some of the fragrant water recently we got.”—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 04:44, 30 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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If he eats it and troubles leading to a disease, what can we do? So I persuaded him of not eating it. He just ate half bowl of roes which are pickled by sugar as the roses are not crisp enough to make him feel sweet.” Lady King said, “Oh! Why don’t you come and tell me earlier? Someone sent me several bottles of fragrant water the day before yesterday. I planning to give him some, am afraid that he couldn’t appreciate them. I didn’t give. Taking two of them if he really dislikes the stale roses. Just one teaspoon in a bowl of water is enough to aromatize it,” she asked Sunset, “Taking some of the fragrant water recently we got.”--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:24, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
袭人道：“只拿两瓶来罢，多也白遭塌；等不够，再来取，也是一样。”彩云听了，去了半日，果然拿了两瓶来，付与袭人。袭人看时，只见两个玻璃小瓶，却有三寸大小，上面螺丝银盖，鹅黄笺上写着“木樨清露”，那一个写着“玫瑰清露”。袭人笑道：“好尊贵东西！这么个小瓶儿，能有多少？”王夫人道：“那是进上的，你没看见鹅黄笺子？你好生替他收着，别遭塌了。”<br />
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She said, "I'll only bring two bottles, it's not enough. When Caiyun heard this, she went away for half a day and really brought two bottles and paid them to Raider. When she looked at them, she saw two small glass bottles, but they were three inches in size, with screwed silver caps, and on the goose yellow paper was written "Muxu Qinglu", and the other one was written "Rose Qinglu". She laughed and said, "What a precious thing! How much can there be in such a small bottle?" Mrs. Wang said, "That's from the top, didn't you see the goose yellow paper? You should keep it for him, don't let it collapse."--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:23, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
袭人答应着，方要走时，王夫人又叫：“站着，我想起一句话来问你。”袭人忙又回来，王夫人见房内无人，便问道：“我恍惚听见宝玉今日捱打，是环儿在老爷跟前说了什么话，你可听见这个话没有？你要听见告诉我，我也不吵出来叫人知道是你说的。”袭人道：“我倒没听见这话，为二爷霸占着戏子，人家来和老爷要，为这个打的。”王夫人摇头说道：“也为这个，还有别的原故。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
袭人道：“别的原故，实在不知道了。今日大胆在太太跟前说句不知好歹的话，论理……”说了半截，却又咽住。王夫人道：“我有什么生气的，你只管说来。”袭人道：“太太别生气，我就说了。”王夫人道：“你说就是了。”袭人道：“论理我们二爷也得老爷教训教训，若老爷再不管，不知将来做出什么事来呢。”王夫人一闻此言，便合掌念声“阿弥陀佛”，由不得赶着袭人叫了一声：“我的儿！亏了你也明白这话，和我的心一样。<br />
<br />
Aroma said: "I really don't know other reason. I dare speak ungrateful words in front of my wife today... " Then she swallowed the sentence. Lady King said, "You can tell me what makes me angry." Aroma said: "the wife don't be angry, I said." Lady King said, "Just tell me." Aroma: "on reason we two ye also get master teach a lesson, if master again no matter, do not know what matter to make in the future come." When Lady King heard this, she clasped her hands and said, "Amitabha Buddha!" She couldn't help crying out, "My son! But thou knowest that, as well as I do.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 08:15, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
我何曾不知管儿子？先时你珠大爷在，我是怎么样管他，难道我如今倒不知管儿子了？只是有个原故：如今我想我已经五十岁的人了，通其剩了他一个，他又长得单弱，况且老太太宝贝似的，若管紧了他，倘或再有好歹，或是老太太气坏了，那时上下不安，岂不倒坏了，所以就纵坏了他。我常常掰着口儿说一阵，劝一阵，哭一阵，彼时他好过，后来还是不相干，端的吃了亏才罢。设若打坏了，将来我靠谁呢！”<br />
<br />
When do I fail to handle my son? How I disciplined my elder son, Bead Merchant, when he was still alive? Don't I know how to teach my son now? Maybe there is one reason: I have already 50 years old now with only one son who is thin and weak. In addition, old lady loves him so much that if anything happens to him or old lady is in a rage because of my puritanical control of him, no one can live peacefully. So, he has been quite spoiled. I often use all kinds of ways to teach him, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by persuasion, and other times by crying. He had been submissive for a while, but returned to be a handful again. He will not learn to be good unless suffers some loss. However, if you hit him injured or disabled, who could I rely on in the future?––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:48, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
When do I fail to handle my son? How I disciplined my elder son, Bead Merchant, when he was still alive? Don't I know how to teach my son now? Maybe there is one reason: I have already 50 years old now with only one son who is thin and weak. In addition, old lady loves him so much that if anything happens to him or old lady is in a rage because of my puritanical control of him, no one can live peacefully. So, he has been quite spoiled. I often use all kinds of ways to teach him, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by persuasion, and other times by crying. He had been submissive for a while, but returned to be a handful again. He will not learn to be good unless suffers some loss. However, if you hit him injured or disabled, who could I rely on in the future?--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 15:26, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
说着，由不得滚下泪来。袭人见王夫人这般悲感，自己也不觉伤了心，陪着落泪。又道：“二爷是太太养的，太太岂不心疼；便是我们做下人的，伏侍一场，大家落个平安，也算是造化了。要这样起来，连平安都不能了。那一日那一时，我不劝二爷？只是再劝不醒。偏生那些人又肯亲近他，也怨不得他这样，总是我们劝的倒不好了。今日太太提起这话来，我还记挂着一件事，<br />
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With this she burst into tears. And Xijen, seeing her distress, wept in sympathy."He' s your son , madam , of course you take this to heart." Even those of us who wait on him would be happy if everyone could keep out of trouble. If thing go on like this we will be peace either. Not a day goes by but I reason with Master Pao, yet it has no effect. It is not bit fault if people of that sort make up to him, and he loses patience when we reason with him. Since you've brought this up, madam, I would like to ask your advice about something that has been worrying me for a long time.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 16:27, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
每要来回太太，讨太太个主意，只是我怕太太疑心，不但我的话白说了，且连葬身之地都没了。”王夫人听了这话内中有因，忙问道：“我的儿！你只管说。近来我因听见众人背前面后都夸你，我只说你不过在宝玉身上留心，或是诸人跟前和气，这些小意思。谁知你方才和我说的话，全是大道理，正合我的心事。你有什么，只管说什么，只别叫别人知道就是了。”<br />
<br />
“I am told to reply to Grandma everytime, asking for ideas from her, which makes me be afraid that were Grandma suspicious of it, all of my effords would be in vain and I would die without a burial place.”Lady King smiled the reasons behind his words, hastening to say, “My son! Just say it out. Recent years I have been hearing that people are prasing you both in front of me and behind me, so I just tell you to watch out Precious Jade and be friendly with others, these sorts of trivial things. What you say just now turned out to be the great truth, which is in line with my worry. So just say what you want to say without hesitation. Be careful not to let it exposed to others.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 09:25, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
“Madam, every time I want to come here to ask for your ideas, I am afraid of your suspecting it. In that case, all of my effords would be in vain and I would die without a burial place.” Hearing this, Lady King thought there must be some reason hiding in her words, so hastened to ask, “My girl! Just say it out. Recently I have heard that people all praise you both in front of and behind you, so I just say that you only watch out Precious Jade or are friendly with others, which is a small thing. But what you said just now turns out to be the great truth, which is in line with my worry. So just say what you want to say without hesitation. Be careful not to let it be exposed to others.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 12:04, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
袭人道：“我也没什么别的说，我只想着讨太太一个示下，怎么变个法儿，以后竟还叫二爷搬出园外来住，就好了。”王夫人听了，吃一大惊，忙拉了袭人的手，问道：“宝玉难道和谁作怪了不成？”袭人连忙回道：“太太别多心，并没有这话。这不过是我的小见识：如今二爷也大了，里头姑娘们也大了，况且林姑娘宝姑娘又是两姨姑表姊妹，虽说是姊妹们，到底是男女之分，日夜一处，起坐不方便，由不得叫人悬心，<br />
<br />
Aroma said, “Madam, I have nothing else to say, but want to ask for your idea how to use a new way to make second master move and live outside the garden again. That would be great.” Hearing of it, Lady King, much shocked, hurried to take her hand and asked, “Did Precious Jade have words with else?” “Madam, take it easy. Nothing happens. It is only for my own narrow thought. Now second master has grown up, and so do those girls. Furthermore, Misses Forest and Precious are his cousins. Despite their such relationships, there exists the gender difference and it is unacceptable to stay together day and night any more, which worries people.” answered Aroma in haste.—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 11:48, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Aroma said, “Madam, I have nothing else to say, but want to ask for your idea how to use a new way to make the second master move and live outside the garden again. That would be great.” Hearing that, Lady King, much shocked, hurried to take her hand and asked, “Did Precious Jade have words with else?” “Madam, take it easy. Nothing happened. It is only for my own narrow thought. Now the second master has grown up, and so do those girls. Furthermore, Misses Forest and Precious are his cousins. Despite their such relationships, there exists the gender difference and it is unacceptable to stay together day and night any more, which worries people.” answered Aroma in haste.--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 05:57, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
便是外人看着，也不像大家子的体统。俗语说的好，‘没事常思有事’，世上多少没头脑的事，多半因为无心中做出，有心人看见，当做有心事，反说坏了，只是预先不防着断然不好。二爷素日性格，太太是知道的。他又偏好在我们队里闹，倘或不防，前后错了一点半点，不论真假，人多口杂，那起小人的嘴，有什么避讳，心顺了，说的比菩萨还好；心不顺，就编的连畜生不如。<br />
<br />
Even others who witness, would think indecent. As the saying goes,"It's never too early to get ready for the inevitable." How many unitentional things in the world are fabricated as intentional ones by someone who has plots. Relaxing vigilance in advance is not good. Madam, you know the personality of the second young master. He prefers to play with us. If there's no safeguard, once he makes some mistakes, no matter which is true or false, these mean guys will make up rumors at will. If they are happy, they could glorify him better than Bodhisattva otherwise they could abuse him worse than animals.--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 07:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Even others who witness, would think indecent. As the saying goes,"It's never too early to get ready for the inevitable." How many unitentional things in the world are fabricated as intentional ones by someone who has plots. Relaxing vigilance in advance is not good. Madam, you know the personality of the second young master. He prefers to play with us. If there's no safeguard, once he makes some mistakes, no matter which is true or false, these mean guys will make up rumors at will. If they are happy, they could glorify him better than Bodhisattva otherwise they could abuse him worse than animals. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:52, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
二爷将来倘或有人说好，不过大家直过；设若叫人哼出一声不是来，我们不用说，粉身碎骨，罪有万重，都是平常小事，但后来二爷一生的声名品行，岂不完了？二则太太也难见老爷。俗语又说，‘君子防未然’，不如这会子防避的为是。太太事情多，一时固然想不到；我们想不到则可，既想到了，若不回明太太，罪越重了。近来我为这事，日夜悬心，又不好说与人，惟有灯知道罢了。”<br />
<br />
If Precious Jade was belittled by others even at one time, it doesn’t matter that we was teared apart with ultimate sins, but it matters that his fame in his later life was ruined completely. As the saying goes, “nip in the bud.” It wil be better if he prevents and evades now. You hadn’t had time to think of this as you have too many things to deal with. Since we have thought of this thing, we will be as guilty as hell if we don’t inform you. I was worried a lot about this recently but only the lantern know my concern since it was inappropriate to talk such a thing with others. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:51, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
王夫人听了这话，如雷轰电掣的一般，正触了金钏儿之事，心下越发感爱袭人不尽，忙笑道：“我的儿！你竟有这个心胸，想得这样周全。我何曾又不想到这里？只是这几次有事就忘了。你今日这一番话提醒了我，难为你成全我娘儿两个声名体面，真真我竟不知道你这样好罢了。你且去罢，我自有道理。只是还有一句话，你今既说了这样的话，我就把他交给你了，好歹留心，保全了他，就是保全了我，我自然不辜负你。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
袭人连声答应着去了。回来正值宝玉睡醒，袭人回明香露之事，宝玉喜不自禁，即命调来吃，果然香妙非常。因心下记挂着黛玉，满心里要打发人去，只是怕袭人，便设一法先使袭人往宝钗那里去借书。袭人去了，宝玉便命晴雯来，吩咐道：“你到林姑娘那里，看看他做什么呢。他要问我，只说我好了。”晴雯道：“白眉赤眼儿的，作什么去呢？到底说句话儿，也象一件事。”<br />
<br />
Aroma replied repeatedly. When she came back, Precious Jade just woke up. She answered clearly about the fragrant dew, which made him excited. He then asked others to send it to him, which is really luscious. Keeping thinking about Mascara Jade, he wanted ask others to see her, but feared Aroma. So he tried to let her to borrow books from Precious Hairpin. After she left, he ordered Sunny Cloud Formation to come and said,“ Go to see Miss Lin and look what she is doing. If she asks about me, you can just say I'm ok.” Sunny Cloud Formation said,“ What are you doing with this? It’s only reasonable to talk about other things.”—[[User:Liu Qianyi|Liu Qianyi]] ([[User talk:Liu Qianyi|talk]]) 17:19, 4 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Aroma replied repeatedly and went away. When she came back, Precious Jade just woke up. She answered clearly about the fragrant dew, which made him excited. He then asked others to send it to him, which is really luscious. Keeping thinking about Mascara Jade, he wanted ask others to see her, but feared Aroma. So he tried to let her to borrow books from Precious Hairpin. After she left, he ordered Sunny Cloud Formation to come and said,“ Go to see Miss Lin and look what she is doing. If she asks about me, you can just say I'm ok.” Sunny Cloud Formation said,“ What are you doing with this? It’s only reasonable to talk about other things.”--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 15:18, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
宝玉道：“没有什么可说的。”晴雯道：“若不然或是送件东西，或是取件东西；不然，我去了，怎么样搭赸呢？”宝玉想了一想，便伸手拿了两条手帕子，撂与晴雯，笑道：“也罢，就说我叫你送这个给他去了。”晴雯道：“这又奇了，他要这半新不旧的两条帕子？他又要恼了，说你打趣他。”宝玉笑道：“你放心，他自然知道。”晴雯听了，只得拿了帕子，往潇湘馆来。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to him." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. He wants these two old handkerchiefs? He's annoyed again and says you tease him." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, he naturally knows." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 07:57, 25 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to her." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. who wants these two old handkerchiefs? she is annoyed again and says you tease her." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, she will know." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
只见春纤正在栏杆上晾手帕子，见他进来，忙摇手儿说：“睡下了。”晴雯走进来，满屋漆黑，并未点灯，黛玉已睡在床上，问：“是谁？”晴雯忙答道：“晴雯。”黛玉道：”做什么？”晴雯道：“二爷送手帕子来给姑娘。”黛玉听了，心中发闷，暗想：“做什么送手帕子来给我？”因问：“这帕子是谁送他的，必定是好的，叫他留着送别人罢，我这会不用这个。”晴雯笑道：“不是新的，就是家常旧的。”<br />
<br />
Seeing her hanging handkerchiefs to dry on the balustrade, Cloud Formation held up a finger to warn: “She has fallen sleep.”Cloud Formation slipped into the dark room with the light off. Mascara Jade Forest, lying on the bed, asked:“who is there?”“It is Cloud Formation.” “What is the matter?”“Precious Jade Merchant has sent you some handkerchiefs.” Why does he send me these? Mascara Jade Forest thought. “Where does he get these?” “They are unique. Tell him to send someone else, I do not need them.”“They're not new,”Cloud Formation replied. “he used them a lot.”--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:14, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
黛玉听了，越发闷往。细心搜求，一时方大悟过来，连忙说：“放下，去罢。”晴雯只得放了，抽身回去；一路盘算，不解何意。这林黛玉体贴出手帕子的意思来，不觉神魂驰荡：“宝玉这番苦心能领会我这番苦意，又令我可喜；我这番苦意，不知将来如何，又令我可悲；忽然好好的送两块帕子来，若不是领我深意，单看了这帕子，又令我可笑了。再想到私相传递，我又可惧；我自己每每好哭，想来也无味，又令我可愧。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
如此左思右想，一时五内沸然，由不得余意缠绵，便命掌灯，也想不起嫌疑避讳等事，研墨蘸笔，便向那两块旧帕上写道：眼空蓄泪泪空垂，暗洒闲抛却为谁？尺幅鲛绡劳惠赠，叫人焉得不伤悲！其二抛珠滚玉只偷潸，镇日无心镇日闲；枕上袖边难拂拭，任他点点与斑斑。其三彩线难收面上珠，湘江旧迹已模糊；窗前亦有千竿竹，不识香痕渍也无？林黛玉还要往下写时，觉得浑身火热，面上作烧，<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
走至镜台，揭起锦袱一照，只见腮上通红，真合压倒桃花，却不知病由此萌。一时方上床睡去，犹拿着帕子思索，不在话下。却说袭人来见宝钗，谁知宝钗不在园内，往他母亲那里去了。袭人不便空手回来，等至二更，宝钗方回来。原来宝钗素知薛蟠情性，心中已有一半疑薛蟠挑唆了人来告宝玉的，谁知又听袭人说出来，越发信了。究竟袭人是焙茗说的，那焙茗也是私心窥度，并未据实，大家都是一半猜度，一半据实，竟认准是他说的。<br />
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Walking beside the mirror, she unveiled the cover and saw that her face was totally red which was even more beautiful than peach blossom but she did not know that was how the illness came. So she went to bed at that moment, thinking with handkerchief. Xiren came to see Baochai but she did not know that Baochai was not home and Baochai went to see her mother. It was not convenient for her to go back with her hand empty. Baochai did not come until two o'clock. Baochai always knew that Xuepan's quality so she suspected that it was him who incited someone to tell Baoyu. Moreover, she heard Xiren's words and believed it further. But Xiren was told by Beiming. She was guessing and had not confirm it. Everyone was not convinced and thought it was her who told the story.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 04:55, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Walking beside the mirror, she unveiled the cover and saw that her face was totally red which was even more beautiful than peach blossom but she did not know that was how the illness came. So she went to bed at that moment, thinking with handkerchief. Aroma came to see Baochai but she did not know that Baochai was not home and Baochai went to see her mother. It was not convenient for her to go back with her hand empty. Baochai did not come until two o'clock. Baochai always knew that Xuepan's quality so she suspected that it was him who incited someone to tell Precious Jade. Moreover, she heard Xiren's words and believed it further. But Xiren was told by Beiming. She was guessing and had not confirm it. Everyone was not convinced and thought it was her who told the story.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 15:57, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
那薛蟠因素日有这个名声，其实这一次却不是他干的，被人生生的一口咬死是他，有口难分。这日正从外头吃了酒回来，见过母亲，只见宝钗在这里，说了几句闲话，因问：“听见宝兄弟吃了亏，是为什么？”薛姨妈正为这个不自在，见他问时，便咬着牙道：“不知好歹的冤家，都是你闹的，你还有睑来问！”薛蟠见说，便怔了，忙问道：“我何尝闹什么？”薛姨妈道：“你还装腔呢！人人都知道是你说的，还赖呢。”<br />
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Because Dragon Marshgrass had a bad reputation，actually he hadn’t done it this time，but he was considered to be the one，he can hardly defend himself. That day he was coming back from drinking out，he greeted his mother and found Precious Jade Merchant here，he made a few polite remarks，then asked：“I heard that you，old sport，got screwed，why？” Aunt Marshgrass was in unpleasant for that，hearing that，she gritted her teeth and said，“You are really an ungrateful wretch，it’s all your fault，how dare you ask about this？” Dragon Marshgrass heard that，he became puzzled，and he quickly asked：“What did I do？” Aunt Marshgrass said，“Don’t come the raw prawn！Everyone said it is you said that，you’re still faking it！”[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 16:54, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Because Dragon Marshgrass had a bad reputation, he was firmly considered to be the one who did it and he could hardly defend for himself.Actually he hadn’t done it this time. That day he was coming back from drinking outside，he greeted his mother and found Precious Jade Merchant here，he made a few polite remarks，and then asked：“I heard that your old sport，Precious Jade,got screwed，why？” Aunt Marshgrass was just in unpleasure for that，hearing that，she gritted her teeth and said，“You are really an ungrateful wretch.It was all your fault，how dare you ask about this？”Hearing that, Dragon Marshgrass became puzzled，and he quickly asked：“What on earth did I do？” Aunt Marshgrass said，“Don’t come the raw prawn！Everyone knew it is you who said that，but you’re still faking it！”--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:53, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
薛蟠道：“人人说我杀了人，也就信了罢？”薛姨妈道：“连你妹妹都知道是你说的，难道他也赖你不成？”宝钗忙劝道：“妈妈和哥哥且别叫喊，消消停停的，就有个青红皂白了。”向薛蟠道：“是你说的也罢，不是你说的也罢，事情也过去了，不必较正，把小事弄大了。我只劝你，从此以后，少在外头胡闹，少管别人的事。天天一处大家胡逛，你是个不防头的人，过后沒事就罢了，倘或有事，不是你干的，人人都也疑惑说是你干的。<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass said:"If all accussed that I had killed people, would you choose to follow them?" Aunt Marshgrass said:"Even your sister was clear that you said that,would she also frame you ?" Precious Hairpin immediately persuaded them :"My mom and brother,please stop yelling. Just be soft and the thing will naturally be figured out." Then she turned to Dragon Marshgrass:" No matter you have said that or not, it will be the past. Don't correct it ,or it will be magnified. I just want to exhort you to take control of yourself instead of intervene others ever after. Every day you hang out anywhere,but you are a mindless person.If everything goes well, it is lucky. But when something happens, you will be douted that you do it.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:52, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
不用别人，我先就疑惑你”。薛蟠本是个心直口快的人，见不得这样藏头露尾的事；又是宝钗劝他不要逛去，他母亲又说他犯舌，宝玉之打，是他治的，早已急得乱跳，赌神发誓的分辩。又骂众人：“谁这么编派我？我把那囚攮的牙敲了！分明是为打了宝玉，没的献勤儿，拿我来做幌子。难道宝玉是天王？他父亲打他一顿，一家子定要闹几天！那一回为他不好，姨父打了他两下子，<br />
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"Don't doubt others, I doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't see such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was beaten because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 15:15, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"No need to doubt others, I’d doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't bear such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was kicked because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 14:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
过后儿老太太不知怎么知道了，说是珍大哥治的，好好的叫了去骂了一顿。今日越发拉上我了！既拉上我，也不怕；索性进去把宝玉打死了，我替他偿命，大家干净。”一面嚷，一面找起一根门闩来就跑。慌得薛姨妈拉住骂道：“作死的孽障，你打谁去？你先打我来！”薛蟠的眼急得铜铃一般，嚷道：“何苦来！又不叫我去，又好好的赖我。将来宝玉活一日，我耽一日的口舌，不如大家死了清净。”<br />
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Just after that heaven knows what happened to the old lady, saying it was Precious Brother to blame and gave him a rough lesson.Now it just comes towards me! Since that, I am not afraid; You will be doing me a favor if beaten him to death. I would pay his life with my own, which would save trouble for you.” Saying, he ran forward with a latch. Aunt Marshgrass was frightened, pulling him and rebuking, “you son of bitch, who are you intend to beat? Beat me first!” Dragon Marshgrass eyes were so worried that he shouted, "why bother to come? Don't ask me to go, and rely on me well. In the future, if Precious Jade lives one day, I will lose one day's words. It's better for everyone to die ."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 15:10, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
宝钗忙也上前劝道：“你忍耐些儿罢。妈妈急的这个样儿，你不说来劝，你倒反闹得这样。别说是妈妈，便是旁人来劝你，也为你好，倒把你的性子劝上来。”薛蟠道：“你这会子又说这话。都是你说的！”宝钗道：“你只怨我说，再不怨你那顾前不顾后的形景。”薛蟠道：“你只会怨我顾前不顾后，你怎么不怨宝玉外头招风惹草的呢？别说别的，就拿前日琪官儿的事比给你们听：<br />
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Baochai rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mom is so anxious,you didn't say anything to persuade.instead, you make trouble like this. Don't say it's your mother, even if someone else comes to persuade you, it's also for the goodness of you. But it is somehow incurring your bad temper." Xue Pan said: "You're saying this again now. It's all yours!" Baochai said: "You only blame me for saying it, and don't blame youself for being ignorant of the futurity. Xue Pan said: "You can only blame me for not caring about the futurity, why don't you blame Baoyu for causing trouble outside? Don't say anything else, let's Take the case of Qi Guan'er the day before yesterday and compare it to you.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Hairpin rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mother is so mad, and you didn't say anything soothing. Instead, you make troubles like this. If it is not mother, but someone else comes to persuade you, for the goodness of you, it is somehow stirring your bad temper." Dragon Marshgrass said: "Now you are saying this! It is all because of you" Precious Hairpin said: "You only blame me for saying it out, but justify youself being ignorant of others and futurity." Dragon Marshgrads said: "You can only blame me for not caring about others and futurity. Why don't you say something Precious Jade's flirtation outside? Not to mention anything else, let's take that Actor Jade the day before yesterday and compare this:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:57, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那琪官儿我们见了十来次，他并未和我说一句亲热话，怎么前日他见了，连姓名还不知道，就把汗巾子给他？难道这也是我说的不成？”薛姨妈和宝钗急的说道：“还提这个！可不是为这个打他呢！可见是你说的了。”薛蟠道：“真真的气死人了！赖我说的我不恼，我只为一个宝玉闹的这么天翻地覆的。”宝钗道：“谁闹？你先持刀动仗的闹起来，倒说别人闹。”<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also say this?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who said it out." "How irritating! I won't be angry that you accuse me of doing this. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:44, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also make this up?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you still mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who gave it out." "How irritating! I wouldn't have been angry that you accuse me of making up the story. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who arm yourself to the teeth and start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
薛蟠见宝钗说的话句句有理，难以驳正，比母亲的话反难回答，因此便要设法拿话堵回他去，就无人敢拦自己的话了；也因正在气头上，未曾想话之轻重，便道：“好妹妹，你不用和我闹，我早知道你的心了，从先妈妈和我说，你这金要拣有玉的才可配，你留了心，见宝玉有那劳什子，你自然如今行动护着他。”话未说了，把个宝钗气怔了，拉着薛姨妈哭道：“妈妈，你听哥哥说的是什么话！”<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, seeing that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it, and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, he was then about to think out language to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother told me before that for you with that gold, must be selectively coupled with a jade one. And having reminded this in your heart, and seen that Precious Jade has that trash thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass. “Mother,” she observed, “have you heard what brother says?”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, feeling that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, attempted to say something to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother has told me before with that gold, you must be selectively coupled with one with a jade. And having this in your heart and seeing that Precious Jade has a jade thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass.“Mother,” she cries, “have you heard what my brother said?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 02:09, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
薛蟠见妹子哭了，便知自己冒撞，便赌气走到自己房里安歇不提。宝钗满心委屈气忿，待要怎样，又怕他母亲不安，少不得含泪别了母亲，各自回来，到房里整哭了一夜。次日一早起来，也无心梳洗，胡乱整理。便出来瞧母亲。可巧遇见黛玉，独立在花阴之下，问他：“那里去？’薛宝钗因说：“家去。”口里说着，便只管走。黛玉见他无精打彩的去了，又见眼上好似有哭泣之状，大非往日可比，便在后面笑道：“姐姐也自己保重些儿，就是哭出两缸泪来，也医不好棒疮！”不知薛宝钗如何答对，且听下回分解。<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass konws he has said something offensive as soon as seeing her sister crying,so he goes back to his own room without mentioning what he said while feeling wronged and acting rashly. Although wronged and raged, Precious Hairpin cares so heavily about her mother that she finally refrains from what she initially wants to do and leaves her mother with tears in her eyes. After she and her mother return separately, she crys all that night in her room. On the morrow, Precious Hairpin has no motivation to do makeup and just freshenes herself up hurriedly and casually after getting up. In her way to visit her mother, she meets Mascara Jade coincidentally, who stands alone in the shades of flowers and asks her,"Where are you going?"Precious Hairpin replies," To my mother's room." While she replies to Mascara Jade,her footsteps are still on. Seeing her in the blues and seeming like having cried that is told from her eyes, which make her extremely different from what she is normally, Mascara Jade derides her in the behind,"My elder sister,you'd better take care of yourself more delicately. Even if your tears could feed two crocks to the full,it is impossible to cure the marks from blows!" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's response is still unknown and will be unveiled in the next chapter.—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:27, 24 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass konws he has said something offensive as soon as seeing her sister crying,so he goes back to his own room without mentioning what he said while feeling wronged and acting rashly. Although wronged and raged, Precious Hairpin cares so heavily about her mother that she finally refrains from what she initially wants to do and leaves her mother with tears in her eyes. After she and her mother return separately, she crys all that night in her room. On the morrow, Precious Hairpin has no motivation to do makeup and just freshenes herself up hurriedly and casually after getting up. In her way to visit her mother, she meets Mascara Jade coincidentally, who stands alone in the shades of flowers and asks her,"Where are you going?"Precious Hairpin replies," To my mother's room." While she replies to Mascara Jade,her footsteps are still on. Seeing her in the blues and seeming like having cried that is told from her eyes, which make her extremely different from what she is normally, Mascara Jade derides her in the behind,"My elder sister,you'd better take care of yourself more delicately. Even if your tears could feed two crocks to the full,it is impossible to cure the marks from blows!" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's response is still unknown and will be unveiled in the next chapter.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 15:11, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
◎第三十五回白玉钏亲尝莲叶羹黄金莺巧结梅花络话说宝钗分明听见林黛玉克薄他，因记挂着母亲哥哥，并不回头，一径去了。这里林黛玉还是立于花阴之下，远远的却向怡红院内望着。只见李宫裁、迎春、探春、惜春并各项人等都向怡红院内去过之后，一起一起的散尽了；只不见凤姐儿来。心里自己盘算道：“如何他不来瞧宝玉？便是有事缠住了，他必定也是要来打个花胡哨，讨老太太、太太的好儿才是。今儿这早晚不来，必有原故。“<br />
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Jade Chuan White tastes too the lotus-leaf soup. Golden Oriole Yellow skillfully plaits the plum-blossom-knotted nets. Precious Hairpin had, our story goes, distinctly heard Mascara Jade Forest 's sneer, but in her eagerness to see her mother and brother, she did not so much as turn her head round, but continued straight on her way. During this time, Mascara Jade Forest halted under the shadow of the trees. Upon casting a glance, in the distance towards the Happy Red Court, she observed Li Kung-ts'ai, Spring Pleasure, Seeking-Spring, Chrishing-Spring and various inmates wending their steps in a body in the direction of the I Hung court; but after they had gone past, and company after company of them had dispersed, she only failed to see Sister Phoenix come. "How is it," she cogitated within herself, "that she doesn't come to see Precious Jade? Even supposing that there was some business to detain her, she should also have put in an appearance, so as to curry flavour with our venerable senior madames. But if she hasn't shown herself at this hour of the day, there must certainly be some cause or other."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 09:39, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Jade Chuan White tastes the lotus-leaf soup as well. Golden Oriole Yellow skillfully plaits the plum-blossom-knotted nets. Precious Hairpin had her story goes, distinctly hearing Mascara Jade Forest's sneer, but in her eagerness to see her mother and brother, she did not so much as turn her head around but continued straight on her way. During this time, Mascara Jade Forest halted under the shadow of the trees. Upon casting a glance, in the distance towards the Happy Red Court, she observed Li Kung-Tsai, Spring Pleasure, Seeking-Spring, Cherishing-Spring, and various inmates wending their steps in a body in the direction of the I Hung court; but after they had gone past, and company after company of them had dispersed, she only failed to see Sister Phoenix come. "How is it," she cogitated within herself, "that she doesn't come to see Precious Jade? Even supposing that there was some business to detain her, she should also have put in an appearance, so as to curry favor with our venerable senior madames. But if she hasn't shown herself at this hour of the day, there must certainly be some reasons."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:38, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220516_homework&diff=145706CULTURE2022 20220516 homework2022-06-28T06:02:21Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220307_homework|homework of session 3 for session 4 Mar 14]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220314_homework|homework of session 4 for session 5 Mar 21]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220321_homework|homework of session 5 for session 6 Mar 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220328_homework|homework of session 6 for session 7 Apr 4]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220404_homework|homework of session 7 for session 8 Apr 11]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220411_homework|homework of session 8 for session 9 Apr 18]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220418_homework|homework of session 9 for session 10 Apr 25]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220425_homework|homework of session 10 for session 11 May 2]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220502_homework|homework of May 2]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220509_homework|homework of session 12 for session 13 May 16]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220516_homework|homework of session 13 for session 14 May 23]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220523_homework|homework of session 14 for session 15 May 30]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
话未说完，把个贾政气得面如金纸，大喝：“拿宝玉来！”面说，一面便往书房去，喝命：“今日再有人来劝我，我把这冠带家私一应就交与他与宝玉过去，我免不得做个罪人，把这几根烦恼鬓毛剃去，寻个干净去处自了，也免得上辱先人、下生逆子之罪！”众门客仆从见贾政这个形景，便知又是为宝玉了，一个个咬指吐舌，连忙退出。贾政喘吁吁直挺挺的坐在椅子上，满面泪痕，一叠连声：<br />
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His words haven't been finished.His face turned some pieces of golden paper because of his anger, shouting, "Take Precious Jade here! At the same time,he went to the study room, ordering, "Today, if someone tries to persuade me again, I will offer these things to him and Precious Jade! I have to be the sinner, shave these troubling sideburns, look for a clean place to take my own life, avoid insulting my ancestors and boring the rebellious son!" Seeing Jia Zheng's condition, the servants, knowing that it is because of Precious Jade again, each bit his fingers and tongue, and hastily withdrew. Jia Zheng panted and sat upright on the chair, full of tears, and saying again and again:<br />
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With his words not finished,his face was fulfilled by anger,turned like golden paper , shouting, "Take Precious Jade here!"At the same time,he went to the study room, ordering, "Today, if someone tries to persuade me, I will offer these things as punishment to him and Precious Jade! I have to be the sinner, shave these troubling sideburns, look for a peaceful place to take my own life, avoid insulting my ancestors and boring the rebellious son!" Seeing Politic Merchant's condition, the servants, knowing that it is because of Precious Jade again, they bit their fingers and tongues, and hastily withdrew. Politic Merchant panted and sat upright on the chair, full of tears, and saying again and again.--[[User:Chen Kun|Chen Kun]] ([[User talk:Chen Kun|talk]])<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
“拿宝玉！拿大棍，拿绳捆上！把门都关上！有人传信到里头去，立刻打死！”众小厮们只得齐声答应着，有几个来找宝玉。那宝玉听见贾政吩咐他“不许动”，早知凶多吉少；那里知道贾环又添了许多的话？正在厅上旋转，怎得个人来往里头捎信，偏生没个人来，连焙茗也不知在那里。正盼望时，只见一个老妈妈出来，宝玉如得了珍宝，便赶上来拉他，说道：“快进去告诉：老爷要打我呢！快去，快去！要紧，要紧！”<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison, a few to look for Precious Jade. When he heard Master Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know Master Merchant had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and Bei Ming did not even know where he was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "go in to tell: master want to beat me! Quickly! It matters!"<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison without other choices, a few to look for Precious Jade. When he heard Master Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know Master Merchant had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and Bei Ming did not even know where he was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "Go and tell: master want to beat me! Quick! Quick! It matters a lot!"--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 11:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉则急了，说话不明白；二则老婆子偏生又耳聋，不曾听见是什么话，把“要紧”二字，只听做“跳井”二字，便笑道：“跳井让他跳去，二爷怕什么？”宝玉见是个聋子，便着急道：“你出去叫我的小厮来罢！”那婆子道：“有什么不了的事？老早的完了，太太又赏了银子，怎么不了事呢？”宝玉急得手脚正没抓寻处，只见贾政的小厮走来，逼着他出去了。贾政一见，眼都红了，<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence is about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:05, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence was about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:32, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
也不暇问他在外流荡优伶，表赠私物，在家荒疏学业，逼淫母婢，只喝命：“堵起嘴来，着实打死！”小厮们不敢违，只得将宝玉按在凳上，举起大板，打了十来下。宝玉自知不能讨饶，只是呜呜的哭。贾政还嫌打的轻，一脚踢开掌板的，自己夺过板子来，狠命的又打了十几下。宝玉生来末经过这样苦楚，起先觉得打的疼不过，还乱嚷乱哭，后来渐渐气弱声嘶，哽咽不出。<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost。--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:22, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
众门客见打的不祥了，赶着上来，恳求夺劝。贾政那里肯听？说道：“你们问问他干的勾当，可饶不可饶！素日皆是你们这些人把他酿坏了，到这步田地，还来劝解。明日酿到他弑父弑君，你们才不劝不成？”众人听这话不好听，知道气急了，忙乱着觅人进去给信。王夫人不敢先回贾母，只得忙穿衣出来，也不顾有人没人，忙忙扶了一个丫头，赶往书房中来。慌得众门客小厮等避之不及。<br />
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The doorkeepers saw that the fight was ominous and rushed up, pleading to take away the advice. Jia Zheng was willing to listen? He said, "Ask him what he has done, can be forgiven or not! You are the ones who have made him bad, to this extent, and still come to explain. Tomorrow, when he has killed his father and his king, will you not advise him?" The people heard the words badly and knew that they were angry and were busy looking for someone to go in and give the letter. Mrs. Wang did not dare to return to Jia mother first, only to busy dress out, and did not care whether there was anyone, busy to help a maid, rushed to the study in. The company's staff is also a part of the company's team.--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:22, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
贾政方要再打，一见王夫人进来，更加火上浇油，那板子越下去的又狠又快。按宝玉的两个小厮，忙松手走开，宝玉早已动弹不得了。贾政还欲打时，早被王夫人抱住板子。贾敢道：“罢了，罢了！今日必定要气死我才罢！”王夫人哭道：“宝玉虽然该打，老爷也要保重。且炎暑天气，老太太身上又不大好，打死宝玉事小，倘或老太太一时不自在了，岂不事大？”贾政冷笑道：“倒休提这话！<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
我养了这不肖的孽障，我已不孝；平昔教训他一番，又有众人护持，不如趁今日结果了他的狗命，以绝将来之患！”说着，便要绳来勒死。王夫人连忙抱住哭道：“老爷虽然应当管教儿子，也要看夫妻分上。我如今已五十岁的人，只有这个孽障，必定苦苦的以他为法，我也不敢深劝。今日越发要他死了，岂不是有意绝我？既要勒死他，快拿绳先勒死我，再勒死他。我们娘儿们不如一同死了，在阴司里也得个倚靠。”<br />
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It is unfilial of me to have bred this unworthy brat; Better to take the life of his dog this day and put an end to the evil that is to come!" So saying, he asked for a rope to strangle him. Lady King quickly embraced her son and cried, "Although you should discipline your son, you should think of me. I am now 50 years old, only have this evil child, I must be bitter to his law, I dare not deeply counsel. Is it not his intention to reject me when he dies all the more today? If you want to strangle him, take the rope and strangle me first, then strangle him. Better we girls die together and have a place to rest in the shade."--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 05:38, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"I am unfilial to have bred this unworthy brat; since lots of people in this family are usually partial to him when I want to teach him a lesson, it is better to end his worthless life today to avoid the recipe for disaster!" Saying that, Master Merchant asked for a rope to strangle him to death. Lady King quickly held her son and cried, "My lord, although you should discipline your son, please think of me. I am now 50 years old with only one spoiled brat that I have to depend on. I dare not counsel you with more words. But it is deliberate way to force me to die, if you want him to die today? If you do want to strangle him, take the rope to strangle me first, then strangle him. It is better for us, a mother and a son, to die together, thus we can still depend on each other when we enter the nether world."--[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 11:25, 22 May 2022 (UTC) <br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
说毕，抱住宝玉，放声大哭起来。贾政听了此话，不觉长叹一声，向椅上坐了，泪如雨下。王夫人抱着宝玉，只见他面白气弱，底下穿着一条绿纱小衣，一片皆是血迹。禁不住解下汗巾去，由腿看至臀胫，或青或紫，或整或破，竟无一点好处，不觉失声大哭起“苦命的儿”来。因哭出“苦命儿”来，又想起贾珠来，便叫着贾珠，哭道：“若有你活着，便死一百个，我也不管了。”<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Heard that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred die."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 10:45, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Hearing that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred deaths."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
此时里面的人闻得王夫人出来，那李宫裁、王熙风与迎春姊妹早已出来了。王夫人哭着贾珠的名字，别人还可，惟有李宫裁禁不住也放声哭了。贾政听了，那泪更似走珠一般滚了下来。正没开交处，忽听丫鬟来说：“老太太来了。”一句话未了，只听窗外颤巍巍的声气说道：“先打死我，再打死他，岂不干净了！”贾政见他母亲来了，又急又痛，连忙迎出来。只见贾母扶着丫头，摇头喘气的走来。<br />
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Lady Wang's departure had roused the inner apartments ,and she had been, joined by Li Wan and Splendid Phoenix King as well as Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant. Jewel Mechant's name did not affect the others so much , but it reduced his widow to sobs. And the chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep more bitterly himself. Amids this commotion, a maid suddenly announced ,“ The old iady is coming !”And they heard her quavering voice outside the window ," Kill me first and then kill him , That will be no annoy. Master Merchant rose in dismay and distress to greet his mother , who entered leaning on a maid's arm , gasping for breath.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 12:35, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Lady Wang’s departure had aroused the attention of inner people, so Li Wan, Splendid Phoenix King, Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant all came out from inside. Lady Wang, crying called out the name of Jewel Merchant, which did not touch others too much, except Li Wan who could not help herself crying. The chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep much more bitterly and fiercely, with tears rolling down like beads. Amid the commotion, a maid suddenly announced, “The old lady is coming!” After her words came the quivering voice from the window, “Kill me first before kill him. There will be no annoyance.” Master Merchant came in dismay and distress, greeting his mother, who leaned on a maid’s arm, panting and shaking.--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 07:38, 23 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
贾政上前躬身陪笑说道：“大暑热天，母亲有何生气的自己走来，有话只叫儿子进去吩咐便了。”贾母听了，便止步喘息，一面厉声道：“你原来和我说话！我倒有话吩咐，只是我一生没养个好儿子，却叫我和谁说去！”贾政听这话不像，忙跪下含泪说道：“为儿的教训儿子，也为的是光宗耀祖。母亲这话，我做儿子的如何当得起？”贾母听说，便啐了一口，说道：“我说了一句话，你就禁不起！<br />
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Master Merchant bowed to her, faking a smile and adding, “What was it that caused Mother so vexed to come to my place in such a hot day. Mother just calls me and I’ll go into your place and apologize.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped and panted, scolding, “You still remember to talk to me. Of cause I have some errands of emergency. However, I spend my whole life in educating my son about filial piety but in vain. So I have no one to talk to.” Master Merchant felt that someing was wrong, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “I lectured my son for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors, as I myself is your son. How could I bear the burden when Mother said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “It was too vulnerable of you to break down since I just said no more than one sentence.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Coming forward and bowing, Master Merchant smiled, “Mother, it is for what that causes you so vexed and come here in such a hot day. If you have any order, just ask me in and tell me.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped to pant and scolded, “It turns out that you talk to me! It’s true that I have some orders. However, I fail to educate my son well in my life. Who can I talk to?” Master Merchant felt that there was something wrong in her words, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “Mother, I lectured my son just for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors. How could I bear the burden as you said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “You are too vulnerable to bear when I have just said no more than one sentence.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 11:05, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
你那样下死手的板子，难道宝玉就禁得起了？你说教训儿子是光宗耀祖，当日你父亲怎么教训你来！”说着，也不觉滚下泪来。贾政又陪笑道：“母亲也不必伤感，皆是做儿子的一时性急，从此以后，再不打他了。”贾母便冷笑几声道：“你也不必和我赌气，你的儿子，自然你要打就打。想来你也厌烦我们娘儿们，不如我们早离了你，大家干净！”说着，便命人：“去看轿！我和你太太、宝玉立刻回南京去。”<br />
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“How can Precious Jade bear the hit of the board you use with such terrible force? Now that you say to give your son a lesson is to make him glorify and illuminate our ancestors, how did your father once do to you?” At saying, Grandma Merchant burst into tears uncontrollably. Master Merchant smiled again, “Mother, it’s not necessary for you to feel sad. That’s all my fault of impatience. From now on, I will never hit him any more.” And Grandma Merchant sneered, “It’s also unnecessary for you to say that. He is your son whom naturally you can hit arbitrarily. From this it seems that you are tired of the two of us. In this case, we’d better keep away from you, thus all of us will feel comfortable!” Then, she ordered, “Go find a sedan chair! I together with your wife and Precious Jade am going back to Nanjing right now.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 10:28, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“How can Precious Jade bear the hit of the board you use with such terrible force? Now you allege that punishing your son is to make our ancestors illistrious, how did your father once treat you?” While speaking, Grandma Merchant burst into tears uncontrollably. Master Merchant smile apologetically again, “Mother, it’s not necessary for you to feel sad. That’s all my fault of impatience. From now on, I will never hit him any more.” And Grandma Merchant sneered, “It’s also unnecessary for you to say that. He is your son whom naturally you can hit arbitrarily. From this it seems that you are tired of the two of us. In this case, we’d better keep away from you, thus all of us will feel comfortable!” Then, she ordered, “Go find a sedan chair! I together with your wife and Precious Jade am going back to Nanjing right now.”--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 05:56, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
家下人只得答应着。贾母又叫王夫人道：“你也不必哭了，如今宝玉年纪小，你疼他；他将来长大，为官作宦的，也未必想着你是他母亲了。你如今倒不要疼他，只怕将来还少生一口气呢！”贾政听说，忙叩头说道：“母亲如此说，儿子无立足之地了！”贾母冷笑道：“你分明使我无立足之地，你反说起你来！只是我们回去了，你心里干净，看有谁来不许你打。”一面说，一面只命：“快打点行李车辆轿马叫去！”<br />
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The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 04:17, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:38, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
贾政直挺挺跪着，叩头认罪。贾母一面说，一面来看宝玉，只见今日这顿打，不比往日，又是心疼，又是生气，也抱着哭个不了。王夫人与凤姐等解劝了一会，方渐渐的止住。早有丫鬟媳妇等，上来要搀宝玉，凤姐便骂：“糊涂东西！也不睁开眼瞧瞧，这个样儿，如何搀着走得？这不快进去把那藤屉子春凳抬出来呢！”众人听了，连忙进去，果然抬出春凳来，将宝玉抬放凳上，随着贾母王夫人等进去，送至贾母房中。<br />
<br />
Jia Zheng knelt straight. As saying, Grandma hurried to see Precious Jade. Seeing that this beating is harsher than ever, she felt heartbreaking and angry and hug her grandson crying, too. She was only gradually calming down by the comforting of Lady King and Wang Xifeng. The maids waiting aside tried to raise Precious Jade to his feet. “Idiots!”said Xifeng, “Do not you have eyes? How could he be raised with such a state! Go and get the wicker summer-bed and put him on that!” The servants hurried in and put Precious Jade on that summer-bed, then send him in to Grandma’s room with Grandma and Xifeng.--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:32, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
彼时贾政见贾母怒气未消，不敢自便，也跟着进来。看看宝玉果然打重了，再看看王夫人一声“肉”一声“儿”的哭道：“你替珠儿早死了，留着珠儿，也免你父亲生气，我也不白操这半世的心了。这会子你倘或有个好歹，丢下我，叫我靠那一个？”数落一场，又哭“不争气的儿”。贾政听了，也就灰心自己不该下毒手打到如此地步。先劝贾母，贾母含泪说道：“儿子不好，原是要管的，不该打到这个分儿。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
你不出去，还在这里做什么！难道于心不足，还要眼看着他死了才去不成？”贾政听说，方退了出来。此时薛姨妈同宝钗、香菱、袭人、史湘云等也都在这里。袭人满心委屈，只不好十分使出来。见众人围着，灌水的灌水，打扇的打扇，自己插不下手去，便索性走出门，到二门前，命小厮们找了焙茗来细问：“方才好端端的，为什么打起来？你也不早来透个信儿！”<br />
<br />
What are you doing here if you don't go out！Do you want to see him die before you've had beaten him enough?” Hearing this, Master Merchant left. At this moment, Aunt Marshgrass was here along with Hairpin, Wiselotus Potterymaker, Aroma and Fragrant-cloud History. She was hurt, but she couldn't express it out. She saw the crowd around. She find herself unable to help, because some were pouring water and others were waving fans. She might as well leave for the second door to ask the servants to find Beiming. And she asked Beiming,“ Just now it was all right. Why did the fight start? You shouldn't have sent a message sooner!”—[[User:Liu Qianyi|Liu Qianyi]] ([[User talk:Liu Qianyi|talk]]) 16:58, 4 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
What are you doing here? Shouldn't you go out！Do you want to see him die after you've hurt him?” Hearing this, Master Merchant left. At this moment, Aunt Marshgrass was here along with Hairpin, Wiselotus Potterymaker, Aroma and Fragrant-cloud History. She was hurt, but she couldn't express it out. She saw the crowd around. She find herself unable to help, because some were pouring water and others were waving fans. She might as well leave for the second door to ask the servants to find Beiming. And she asked Beiming,“ Just now it was all right. Why did the fight start? You shouldn't have sent a message sooner!”--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 15:22, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
焙茗急的说：“偏生我没在跟前，打到中间，我才听见了，忙打听原故，却是为琪官同金钏姐姐的事。”袭人道：“老爷怎么知道的？”焙茗道：“那琪官的事，多半是薛大爷素昔吃醋，没法儿出气，不知在外头挑唆了谁来，在老爷跟前下的火。那金钏儿的事，大约是三爷说的，我也是听见跟老爷的人说。”袭人听了这两件事都对景，心中也就信了八九分，然后回来，只见众人都替宝玉疗治调停完备。<br />
<br />
Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw that everyone had healed and mediated for Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 00:22, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw everyone treating Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:59, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
贾母命：“好生抬到他房内去。”众人一声答应，七手八脚，忙把宝玉送入怡红院内自己床上卧好，又乱了半日，众人渐渐散去，袭人方进前来，经心服侍，问他端的，且听下回分解。◎第三十四回情中情因情感妹妹错里错以错劝哥哥话说袭人见贾母王夫人等去后，便走来宝玉身边坐下，含泪问他：“怎么就打到这步田地？”宝玉叹气说道：“不过为那些事，问他做什么！只是下半截疼得很，你瞧瞧，打坏了那里？”<br />
<br />
The Grandma Merchant ordered:“ carry him carefully back to his own room." All helped to carry him there, and laid him on his bed. After some busy days, the others<br />
left, leaving Aroma caring for him.<br />
The next chapter tells what happens next. CHAPTER 34 Wrongs between each other After their departure, Aroma sat down by his side and asked the reason for the beating with tears. "well, nothing. Why do you ask?" Precious Jade Merchant sighed. "The legs hurts. You see how bad it is."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:56, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
袭人听说，便轻轻的伸手进去，将中衣脱下，略动一动，宝玉便咬着牙叫“嗳哟”，袭人连忙停住手：如此三四次，才褪下来了。袭人看时，只见腿上半段青紫，都有四指阔的僵痕高了起来。袭人咬着牙说道：“我的娘！怎么下这般的狠手！你但凡所我一句话，也不到得这步地位。幸而没动筋骨，倘或打出个残疾来，可叫人怎么样呢？”正说着，只听丫鬟们说：“宝姑娘来了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
袭人听见，知道穿不及中衣，便拿了一床夹纱被，替宝玉盖了。只见宝钗手里托着一丸药走进来，向袭人说道：“晚上把这药用酒研开，替他敷上，把那淤血的热毒散开，可以就好了。”说毕，递与袭人。又问：“这会子可好些？”宝玉一面道谢，说：“好些了。”又让坐。宝钗见他睁开眼说话，不像先时，心中也宽慰了好些，便点头叹道：“早听人一句话，也不至有今日。<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
别说老太太、太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也……”刚说了半句，又忙咽住，自悔说的话太急了，不觉红了脸，低下头来。宝玉听得这话如此亲切稠密，大有深意；忽见他又咽住，不往下说，红了脸，低下头，只管弄衣带，那一种娇羞怯怯，竟难以言语形容，越觉心中感动，将疼痛早已丢在九霄云外去了。想道：“我不过挨了几下打，他们一个个就有这些怜惜之态，令人可亲可敬。<br />
<br />
Not to say Grandma Merchant is that we look, heart also ...... "just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more I feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. I thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 10:42, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Not to say Grandma Merchant is said that we look, heart also ...... " he just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more he feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. he thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 15:53, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
假若我一时竟遭殃横死，他们还不知何等悲感呢！既是他们这样，我便一时死了，得他们如此，一生事业，纵然尽付东流，也无足叹惜矣。”正想着，只听宝钗问袭人道：“怎么好好的动了气，就打起来了？”袭人便把培茗的话说出来了。宝玉原来还不知贾环的话，见袭人说出，方才知道；因又拉上薛蟠，惟恐宝钗沉心，忙又止住袭人道：“薛大哥从来不这样的，你们别混猜度。”<br />
<br />
If I die in an accident，I can’t imagine how sad they are！If I have the achievements like them，I won’t have pity even I die accidentally. As he was thinking，Precious Hairpin asked Aroma ：“Why you get angry and beat him？” Aroma just said what Junger Dienstbote said. Precious Jade didn’t know what Junger Dienstbote said until hearing Aroma said. So he pulled Dragon Marshgras for fear that making Precious Hairpin unhappy. Then he stopped Aroma and said，“Brother Marshgrass never be this，don’t be paranoid.”--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 23:37, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
If I were unlucky to die in an accident，I can’t imagine how sad they are！Since I have the adorement of them，I won’t have a pity even I die accidentally and lose my lifetime achivements. As he was thinking，Precious Hairpin asked Aroma ：“Why do you get angry and beat him without signs before？” Aroma just repeated what Junger Dienstbote said. Precious Jade didn’t know what Junger Dienstbote said until hearing that. So he pulled Dragon Marshgrass for fear that Precious Hairpin was depressed. Then he hurried to stop Aroma and said，“Brother Marshgrass has never behaved like this，so you don’t be paranoid.”--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:54, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝钗听说，便知宝玉是怕他多心，用话拦袭人。因心中暗暗想道：“打得这个形象，疼还顾不过来，还这样细心，怕得罪了人。你既这样用心，何下在外头大事上做工夫，老爷也欢喜了，也不能吃这样亏。你虽然怕我沉心，所以拦袭人的话，难道我就不知我哥哥素日恣心纵欲、毫无防范的那种心性？当日为一个秦钟，还闹的天翻地覆，自然如今比先又加利害了。”<br />
<br />
Upon hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent her worrying too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 10:13, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent that she would worry too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 14:57, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
想毕，因笑道：“你们也不必怨这个怨那个，据我想，到底宝兄弟素日肯和那些人来往，老爷才生气。就是我哥哥说话不防头，一时说出宝兄弟来，也不是有心挑唆：一则也是本来的实话；二则他原不理论这些防赚小事。袭姑娘从小儿只见过宝兄弟这样细心人，你何尝见过我哥哥那天不怕地不怕、心里有什么口里说什么的人呢？”袭人因说出薛蟠来，见宝玉拦他的话，早已明白自己说造次了，恐宝钗没意思；<br />
<br />
After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass thought about it, Laughing: "You don't have to complain about this or that. I think it's because Precious Jade brothers usually like to associate with those people, so the master is angry. Even if my brother speaks freely, he doesn't mean to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth; second, he doesn't care about these small things. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 05:28, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Figured it out, he laughed and said: "You don't have to complain about others. I supposed it's my brother Precious Jade’s association with those people that bothered our master. Even if my brother lacks a cautious to keep the secret, he won’t be meant to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth afterall; second, he doesn't care about these trivial matters. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
听宝钗如此说，更觉羞愧无言。宝玉又听宝钗这番一半是堂皇正大，一半是去己的疑心，更觉比先心动神移。方欲说话时，只见宝钗起身说道：“明日再来看你，好生养着罢。方才我拿了药来，交给袭人，晚上敷上，管就好了。”说着，便走出门去。袭人赶着送出院外，说：“姑娘倒费心了。改日宝二爷好了，亲自来谢了。”宝钗回头笑道：“有什么谢处？你只劝他好生静养，别胡思乱想的就好。<br />
<br />
Aroma couldn’t feel more shamed to hear this and Precious Jade was even more sparked for learning the decency and the equally balanced assurance in Precious Hairpin’s words. Before Precious Jade intended to speak, Precious Hairpin stand up and said, “Have a good rest and I will see you tomorrow. I had handed the medicine I brought with to Aroma. You’ll be alright after using it at night.” Saying, Precious Hairpin walked out of the door. Aroma hurried to attend her outside the Abbey and said, “We really appreciate your caring. Our lord will acknowledge you in person after his recovery.” Precious Hairpin smiled, “No need for you to offer thanks. My advice would only be his enough rest without a bee in his head.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:27, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
要想什么吃的玩的，悄悄的往我那里去取了，不必惊动老太太、太太众人。倘或吹到老爷耳朵里，虽然彼时不怎么样，将来对景，终是要吃亏的。”说着去了。袭人抽身回来，心内着实感激宝钗。进来见宝玉沉思默默，似睡非睡的模样，因而退出房外栉沐。宝玉默默的躺在床上，无奈臀上作痛，如针挑刀挖一般，更热如火炙，略展转时，禁不住“嗳哟”之声。<br />
<br />
If you want something to eat or to play with,just go to my room and fetch them.remember do not disturb the ladies.But if the lord have konwn it,though I don't know how it is in the present ,you would come to a grief sometime in the future."he stops speaking and walks away.Attackers frees herself and comes back ,with many gratitudes for Precious Jade in her heart.coming in and seeing Precious Jade medidating tranquilly in a sleepy not sleeping state,She steps back out of the room to freshen up.Precious Jade lay in bed silently.Suddenly,he feels a pang of stitching and burning pain in his haunch.turning overing slightly,he can not help letting out a cry:"Yaa-hoo"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 04:46, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
If you want something to eat or to play with, just go to my place, and no need to disturb the ladies. If the Lord knows it, though there is no trouble in the present, you would come to a grief sometime in the future." She said this and walked out. Aroma freed herself to come back, and felt grateful for Precious Hairpin. Seeing Precious Jade medidating in a sleepy stupor, Aroma exited the room to freshen up. Precious Jade lay in bed silently when a sudden pang of stitching and burning pain seized him in his haunch. He turned over and could not help letting out a cry "Aye-aye."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那时天色将晚，因见袭人去了，却有两三个丫鬟伺侯，此时并无呼唤之事，因说道：“你们且去梳洗，等我叫时再来。”众人听了，也都退出。这里宝玉昏昏默默，只见蒋玉函走了进来，诉说忠顺府拿他之事；一时又见金钏儿进来，哭说为他投井之情。宝玉半梦半醒，都不在意。忽又觉有人推他，恍恍惚惚，听得有人悲切之声。宝玉从梦中惊醒，睁眼一看，不是别人，却是林黛玉。<br />
<br />
Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed. When I call you you come then." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler of Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, feeling someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not someone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:15, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed; come in when I call you." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler from the Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, and was not able to give his mind to anything that was told him. Unawares, he felt someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not anyone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
犹恐是梦，忙又将身子欠起来，向脸上细细一认，只见他两个眼睛肿得桃儿一般，满面泪光，不是黛玉，却是那个？宝玉还欲看时，怎奈下半截疼痛难禁，支持不住，便“嗳哟”一声，仍旧倒下，叹了一声，说道：“你又做什么来？虽然太阳落下去，那地上的余热未散，倘又受了暑呢，我虽然捱了打，并不觉疼痛。我这个样儿是装出来哄他们，好在外头布散与老爷听。其实是假的，你不可信真。”<br />
<br />
Fearing that it was only a dream, he promptly raised himself, and scrutinized her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it is not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply that finding it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lay himself down again and heaved a sigh. “What do you once more come here for?” he asked. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pains or aches. I behave in this fashion only to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Fearing that it is only a dream, he promptly raises himself, and scrutinizes her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it was not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade has meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply , making it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lies himself down again and heaves a sigh. “What do you come here again for?” he asks. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pain . I pretend so to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
此时林黛玉虽不是嚎啕大哭，然越是这等无声之泣，气噎喉堵，更觉利害。听了宝玉这番话，心中虽有万句言词，只是不能说得，半日，方抽抽噎噎的说道：“你从此可都改了罢！”宝玉听说，便长叹一声道：“你放心，别说这样话。我便为这些人死了，也是情愿的。”一句话未了，只见院外人说：“二奶奶来了。”林黛玉便知是凤姐来了，连忙立起身，说道：“我从后院子里去罢，回来再来。”<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:22, 17 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 15:08, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉一把拉住，道：“这又奇了。好好的怎么怕起他来？”林黛玉急得跺脚，悄悄的说道：“你瞧瞧我的眼睛，又该他们取笑儿开心了。”宝玉听说，赶忙的放了手。黛玉三步两步转过床后，刚出了后院，凤姐从前头已进来了。问宝玉：“可好些了？想什么吃？叫人往我那里取去？”接着薛姨妈又来了。一时贾母又打发了人来。至掌灯时分，宝玉只喝了两口汤，便昏昏沉沉的睡去。<br />
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"This is indeed strange!" exclaimed Precious Jade as he laid hold of her and tried to detain her. "How is it that you've deliberately started living in fear and trembling of her!" Mascara Jade Forest grew impatient and stamped her feet. "Look at my eyes!" she added in an undertone. "Must those people amuse themselves again by poking fun at me?" After this response, Precious Jade speedily let her go. Mascara Jade Forest with hurried step withdrew behind the bed; and no sooner had she issued into the back-court, than Sister Phoenix made her appearance in the room by the front entrance." Are you better?" she asked Precious Jade. "If you fancy anything to eat, mind you send some one over to my place to fetch it for you." Thereupon Aunt Marshgrass also came to pay him a visit. Shortly after, a messenger likewise arrived from Grandma Marchant (to inquire after him).When the time came to prepare the lights, Precious Jade had a couple of mouthfuls of soup to eat, but he felt so drowsy and heavy that he fell asleep.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 09:38, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"This is indeed strange!" exclaimed Precious Jade as he laid hold of her and tried to detain her. "Why are you afraid of these?" Mascara Jade Forest grew impatient and stamped her feet. "Look at my eyes!" she added in an undertone. "Must those people amuse themselves again by poking fun at me?" Hearing this response, Precious Jade quickly let her go. Mascara Jade Forest with hurried steps withdrew behind the bed, and no sooner had she issued into the backcourt than Sister Phoenix made her appearance in the room by the front entrance." Are you better?" she asked Precious Jade. "If you fancy anything to eat, mind you send someone over to my place to fetch it for you?" Thereupon Aunt Marshgrass also came to pay him a visit. Shortly after, a messenger likewise arrived from Grandma Marchant (to inquire after him). When the time came to prepare the lights, Precious Jade had a couple of mouthfuls of soup to eat, but he felt so drowsy and heavy that he fell asleep.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:41, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220516_homework&diff=145702CULTURE2022 20220516 homework2022-06-28T06:01:14Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
话未说完，把个贾政气得面如金纸，大喝：“拿宝玉来！”面说，一面便往书房去，喝命：“今日再有人来劝我，我把这冠带家私一应就交与他与宝玉过去，我免不得做个罪人，把这几根烦恼鬓毛剃去，寻个干净去处自了，也免得上辱先人、下生逆子之罪！”众门客仆从见贾政这个形景，便知又是为宝玉了，一个个咬指吐舌，连忙退出。贾政喘吁吁直挺挺的坐在椅子上，满面泪痕，一叠连声：<br />
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His words haven't been finished.His face turned some pieces of golden paper because of his anger, shouting, "Take Precious Jade here! At the same time,he went to the study room, ordering, "Today, if someone tries to persuade me again, I will offer these things to him and Precious Jade! I have to be the sinner, shave these troubling sideburns, look for a clean place to take my own life, avoid insulting my ancestors and boring the rebellious son!" Seeing Jia Zheng's condition, the servants, knowing that it is because of Precious Jade again, each bit his fingers and tongue, and hastily withdrew. Jia Zheng panted and sat upright on the chair, full of tears, and saying again and again:<br />
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With his words not finished,his face was fulfilled by anger,turned like golden paper , shouting, "Take Precious Jade here!"At the same time,he went to the study room, ordering, "Today, if someone tries to persuade me, I will offer these things as punishment to him and Precious Jade! I have to be the sinner, shave these troubling sideburns, look for a peaceful place to take my own life, avoid insulting my ancestors and boring the rebellious son!" Seeing Politic Merchant's condition, the servants, knowing that it is because of Precious Jade again, they bit their fingers and tongues, and hastily withdrew. Politic Merchant panted and sat upright on the chair, full of tears, and saying again and again.<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
“拿宝玉！拿大棍，拿绳捆上！把门都关上！有人传信到里头去，立刻打死！”众小厮们只得齐声答应着，有几个来找宝玉。那宝玉听见贾政吩咐他“不许动”，早知凶多吉少；那里知道贾环又添了许多的话？正在厅上旋转，怎得个人来往里头捎信，偏生没个人来，连焙茗也不知在那里。正盼望时，只见一个老妈妈出来，宝玉如得了珍宝，便赶上来拉他，说道：“快进去告诉：老爷要打我呢！快去，快去！要紧，要紧！”<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison, a few to look for Precious Jade. When he heard Master Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know Master Merchant had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and Bei Ming did not even know where he was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "go in to tell: master want to beat me! Quickly! It matters!"<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison without other choices, a few to look for Precious Jade. When he heard Master Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know Master Merchant had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and Bei Ming did not even know where he was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "Go and tell: master want to beat me! Quick! Quick! It matters a lot!"--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 11:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉则急了，说话不明白；二则老婆子偏生又耳聋，不曾听见是什么话，把“要紧”二字，只听做“跳井”二字，便笑道：“跳井让他跳去，二爷怕什么？”宝玉见是个聋子，便着急道：“你出去叫我的小厮来罢！”那婆子道：“有什么不了的事？老早的完了，太太又赏了银子，怎么不了事呢？”宝玉急得手脚正没抓寻处，只见贾政的小厮走来，逼着他出去了。贾政一见，眼都红了，<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence is about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:05, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence was about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:32, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
也不暇问他在外流荡优伶，表赠私物，在家荒疏学业，逼淫母婢，只喝命：“堵起嘴来，着实打死！”小厮们不敢违，只得将宝玉按在凳上，举起大板，打了十来下。宝玉自知不能讨饶，只是呜呜的哭。贾政还嫌打的轻，一脚踢开掌板的，自己夺过板子来，狠命的又打了十几下。宝玉生来末经过这样苦楚，起先觉得打的疼不过，还乱嚷乱哭，后来渐渐气弱声嘶，哽咽不出。<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost。--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:22, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
众门客见打的不祥了，赶着上来，恳求夺劝。贾政那里肯听？说道：“你们问问他干的勾当，可饶不可饶！素日皆是你们这些人把他酿坏了，到这步田地，还来劝解。明日酿到他弑父弑君，你们才不劝不成？”众人听这话不好听，知道气急了，忙乱着觅人进去给信。王夫人不敢先回贾母，只得忙穿衣出来，也不顾有人没人，忙忙扶了一个丫头，赶往书房中来。慌得众门客小厮等避之不及。<br />
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The doorkeepers saw that the fight was ominous and rushed up, pleading to take away the advice. Jia Zheng was willing to listen? He said, "Ask him what he has done, can be forgiven or not! You are the ones who have made him bad, to this extent, and still come to explain. Tomorrow, when he has killed his father and his king, will you not advise him?" The people heard the words badly and knew that they were angry and were busy looking for someone to go in and give the letter. Mrs. Wang did not dare to return to Jia mother first, only to busy dress out, and did not care whether there was anyone, busy to help a maid, rushed to the study in. The company's staff is also a part of the company's team.--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:22, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
贾政方要再打，一见王夫人进来，更加火上浇油，那板子越下去的又狠又快。按宝玉的两个小厮，忙松手走开，宝玉早已动弹不得了。贾政还欲打时，早被王夫人抱住板子。贾敢道：“罢了，罢了！今日必定要气死我才罢！”王夫人哭道：“宝玉虽然该打，老爷也要保重。且炎暑天气，老太太身上又不大好，打死宝玉事小，倘或老太太一时不自在了，岂不事大？”贾政冷笑道：“倒休提这话！<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
我养了这不肖的孽障，我已不孝；平昔教训他一番，又有众人护持，不如趁今日结果了他的狗命，以绝将来之患！”说着，便要绳来勒死。王夫人连忙抱住哭道：“老爷虽然应当管教儿子，也要看夫妻分上。我如今已五十岁的人，只有这个孽障，必定苦苦的以他为法，我也不敢深劝。今日越发要他死了，岂不是有意绝我？既要勒死他，快拿绳先勒死我，再勒死他。我们娘儿们不如一同死了，在阴司里也得个倚靠。”<br />
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It is unfilial of me to have bred this unworthy brat; Better to take the life of his dog this day and put an end to the evil that is to come!" So saying, he asked for a rope to strangle him. Lady King quickly embraced her son and cried, "Although you should discipline your son, you should think of me. I am now 50 years old, only have this evil child, I must be bitter to his law, I dare not deeply counsel. Is it not his intention to reject me when he dies all the more today? If you want to strangle him, take the rope and strangle me first, then strangle him. Better we girls die together and have a place to rest in the shade."--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 05:38, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"I am unfilial to have bred this unworthy brat; since lots of people in this family are usually partial to him when I want to teach him a lesson, it is better to end his worthless life today to avoid the recipe for disaster!" Saying that, Master Merchant asked for a rope to strangle him to death. Lady King quickly held her son and cried, "My lord, although you should discipline your son, please think of me. I am now 50 years old with only one spoiled brat that I have to depend on. I dare not counsel you with more words. But it is deliberate way to force me to die, if you want him to die today? If you do want to strangle him, take the rope to strangle me first, then strangle him. It is better for us, a mother and a son, to die together, thus we can still depend on each other when we enter the nether world."--[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 11:25, 22 May 2022 (UTC) <br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
说毕，抱住宝玉，放声大哭起来。贾政听了此话，不觉长叹一声，向椅上坐了，泪如雨下。王夫人抱着宝玉，只见他面白气弱，底下穿着一条绿纱小衣，一片皆是血迹。禁不住解下汗巾去，由腿看至臀胫，或青或紫，或整或破，竟无一点好处，不觉失声大哭起“苦命的儿”来。因哭出“苦命儿”来，又想起贾珠来，便叫着贾珠，哭道：“若有你活着，便死一百个，我也不管了。”<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Heard that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred die."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 10:45, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Hearing that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred deaths."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
此时里面的人闻得王夫人出来，那李宫裁、王熙风与迎春姊妹早已出来了。王夫人哭着贾珠的名字，别人还可，惟有李宫裁禁不住也放声哭了。贾政听了，那泪更似走珠一般滚了下来。正没开交处，忽听丫鬟来说：“老太太来了。”一句话未了，只听窗外颤巍巍的声气说道：“先打死我，再打死他，岂不干净了！”贾政见他母亲来了，又急又痛，连忙迎出来。只见贾母扶着丫头，摇头喘气的走来。<br />
<br />
Lady Wang's departure had roused the inner apartments ,and she had been, joined by Li Wan and Splendid Phoenix King as well as Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant. Jewel Mechant's name did not affect the others so much , but it reduced his widow to sobs. And the chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep more bitterly himself. Amids this commotion, a maid suddenly announced ,“ The old iady is coming !”And they heard her quavering voice outside the window ," Kill me first and then kill him , That will be no annoy. Master Merchant rose in dismay and distress to greet his mother , who entered leaning on a maid's arm , gasping for breath.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 12:35, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Lady Wang’s departure had aroused the attention of inner people, so Li Wan, Splendid Phoenix King, Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant all came out from inside. Lady Wang, crying called out the name of Jewel Merchant, which did not touch others too much, except Li Wan who could not help herself crying. The chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep much more bitterly and fiercely, with tears rolling down like beads. Amid the commotion, a maid suddenly announced, “The old lady is coming!” After her words came the quivering voice from the window, “Kill me first before kill him. There will be no annoyance.” Master Merchant came in dismay and distress, greeting his mother, who leaned on a maid’s arm, panting and shaking.--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 07:38, 23 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
贾政上前躬身陪笑说道：“大暑热天，母亲有何生气的自己走来，有话只叫儿子进去吩咐便了。”贾母听了，便止步喘息，一面厉声道：“你原来和我说话！我倒有话吩咐，只是我一生没养个好儿子，却叫我和谁说去！”贾政听这话不像，忙跪下含泪说道：“为儿的教训儿子，也为的是光宗耀祖。母亲这话，我做儿子的如何当得起？”贾母听说，便啐了一口，说道：“我说了一句话，你就禁不起！<br />
<br />
Master Merchant bowed to her, faking a smile and adding, “What was it that caused Mother so vexed to come to my place in such a hot day. Mother just calls me and I’ll go into your place and apologize.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped and panted, scolding, “You still remember to talk to me. Of cause I have some errands of emergency. However, I spend my whole life in educating my son about filial piety but in vain. So I have no one to talk to.” Master Merchant felt that someing was wrong, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “I lectured my son for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors, as I myself is your son. How could I bear the burden when Mother said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “It was too vulnerable of you to break down since I just said no more than one sentence.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Coming forward and bowing, Master Merchant smiled, “Mother, it is for what that causes you so vexed and come here in such a hot day. If you have any order, just ask me in and tell me.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped to pant and scolded, “It turns out that you talk to me! It’s true that I have some orders. However, I fail to educate my son well in my life. Who can I talk to?” Master Merchant felt that there was something wrong in her words, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “Mother, I lectured my son just for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors. How could I bear the burden as you said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “You are too vulnerable to bear when I have just said no more than one sentence.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 11:05, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
你那样下死手的板子，难道宝玉就禁得起了？你说教训儿子是光宗耀祖，当日你父亲怎么教训你来！”说着，也不觉滚下泪来。贾政又陪笑道：“母亲也不必伤感，皆是做儿子的一时性急，从此以后，再不打他了。”贾母便冷笑几声道：“你也不必和我赌气，你的儿子，自然你要打就打。想来你也厌烦我们娘儿们，不如我们早离了你，大家干净！”说着，便命人：“去看轿！我和你太太、宝玉立刻回南京去。”<br />
<br />
“How can Precious Jade bear the hit of the board you use with such terrible force? Now that you say to give your son a lesson is to make him glorify and illuminate our ancestors, how did your father once do to you?” At saying, Grandma Merchant burst into tears uncontrollably. Master Merchant smiled again, “Mother, it’s not necessary for you to feel sad. That’s all my fault of impatience. From now on, I will never hit him any more.” And Grandma Merchant sneered, “It’s also unnecessary for you to say that. He is your son whom naturally you can hit arbitrarily. From this it seems that you are tired of the two of us. In this case, we’d better keep away from you, thus all of us will feel comfortable!” Then, she ordered, “Go find a sedan chair! I together with your wife and Precious Jade am going back to Nanjing right now.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 10:28, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
“How can Precious Jade bear the hit of the board you use with such terrible force? Now you allege that punishing your son is to make our ancestors illistrious, how did your father once treat you?” While speaking, Grandma Merchant burst into tears uncontrollably. Master Merchant smile apologetically again, “Mother, it’s not necessary for you to feel sad. That’s all my fault of impatience. From now on, I will never hit him any more.” And Grandma Merchant sneered, “It’s also unnecessary for you to say that. He is your son whom naturally you can hit arbitrarily. From this it seems that you are tired of the two of us. In this case, we’d better keep away from you, thus all of us will feel comfortable!” Then, she ordered, “Go find a sedan chair! I together with your wife and Precious Jade am going back to Nanjing right now.”--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 05:56, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
家下人只得答应着。贾母又叫王夫人道：“你也不必哭了，如今宝玉年纪小，你疼他；他将来长大，为官作宦的，也未必想着你是他母亲了。你如今倒不要疼他，只怕将来还少生一口气呢！”贾政听说，忙叩头说道：“母亲如此说，儿子无立足之地了！”贾母冷笑道：“你分明使我无立足之地，你反说起你来！只是我们回去了，你心里干净，看有谁来不许你打。”一面说，一面只命：“快打点行李车辆轿马叫去！”<br />
<br />
The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 04:17, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:38, 19 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
贾政直挺挺跪着，叩头认罪。贾母一面说，一面来看宝玉，只见今日这顿打，不比往日，又是心疼，又是生气，也抱着哭个不了。王夫人与凤姐等解劝了一会，方渐渐的止住。早有丫鬟媳妇等，上来要搀宝玉，凤姐便骂：“糊涂东西！也不睁开眼瞧瞧，这个样儿，如何搀着走得？这不快进去把那藤屉子春凳抬出来呢！”众人听了，连忙进去，果然抬出春凳来，将宝玉抬放凳上，随着贾母王夫人等进去，送至贾母房中。<br />
<br />
Jia Zheng knelt straight. As saying, Grandma hurried to see Precious Jade. Seeing that this beating is harsher than ever, she felt heartbreaking and angry and hug her grandson crying, too. She was only gradually calming down by the comforting of Lady King and Wang Xifeng. The maids waiting aside tried to raise Precious Jade to his feet. “Idiots!”said Xifeng, “Do not you have eyes? How could he be raised with such a state! Go and get the wicker summer-bed and put him on that!” The servants hurried in and put Precious Jade on that summer-bed, then send him in to Grandma’s room with Grandma and Xifeng.--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:32, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
彼时贾政见贾母怒气未消，不敢自便，也跟着进来。看看宝玉果然打重了，再看看王夫人一声“肉”一声“儿”的哭道：“你替珠儿早死了，留着珠儿，也免你父亲生气，我也不白操这半世的心了。这会子你倘或有个好歹，丢下我，叫我靠那一个？”数落一场，又哭“不争气的儿”。贾政听了，也就灰心自己不该下毒手打到如此地步。先劝贾母，贾母含泪说道：“儿子不好，原是要管的，不该打到这个分儿。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
你不出去，还在这里做什么！难道于心不足，还要眼看着他死了才去不成？”贾政听说，方退了出来。此时薛姨妈同宝钗、香菱、袭人、史湘云等也都在这里。袭人满心委屈，只不好十分使出来。见众人围着，灌水的灌水，打扇的打扇，自己插不下手去，便索性走出门，到二门前，命小厮们找了焙茗来细问：“方才好端端的，为什么打起来？你也不早来透个信儿！”<br />
<br />
What are you doing here if you don't go out！Do you want to see him die before you've had beaten him enough?” Hearing this, Master Merchant left. At this moment, Aunt Marshgrass was here along with Hairpin, Wiselotus Potterymaker, Aroma and Fragrant-cloud History. She was hurt, but she couldn't express it out. She saw the crowd around. She find herself unable to help, because some were pouring water and others were waving fans. She might as well leave for the second door to ask the servants to find Beiming. And she asked Beiming,“ Just now it was all right. Why did the fight start? You shouldn't have sent a message sooner!”—[[User:Liu Qianyi|Liu Qianyi]] ([[User talk:Liu Qianyi|talk]]) 16:58, 4 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
What are you doing here? Shouldn't you go out！Do you want to see him die after you've hurt him?” Hearing this, Master Merchant left. At this moment, Aunt Marshgrass was here along with Hairpin, Wiselotus Potterymaker, Aroma and Fragrant-cloud History. She was hurt, but she couldn't express it out. She saw the crowd around. She find herself unable to help, because some were pouring water and others were waving fans. She might as well leave for the second door to ask the servants to find Beiming. And she asked Beiming,“ Just now it was all right. Why did the fight start? You shouldn't have sent a message sooner!”--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 15:22, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
焙茗急的说：“偏生我没在跟前，打到中间，我才听见了，忙打听原故，却是为琪官同金钏姐姐的事。”袭人道：“老爷怎么知道的？”焙茗道：“那琪官的事，多半是薛大爷素昔吃醋，没法儿出气，不知在外头挑唆了谁来，在老爷跟前下的火。那金钏儿的事，大约是三爷说的，我也是听见跟老爷的人说。”袭人听了这两件事都对景，心中也就信了八九分，然后回来，只见众人都替宝玉疗治调停完备。<br />
<br />
Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw that everyone had healed and mediated for Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 00:22, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw everyone treating Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:59, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
贾母命：“好生抬到他房内去。”众人一声答应，七手八脚，忙把宝玉送入怡红院内自己床上卧好，又乱了半日，众人渐渐散去，袭人方进前来，经心服侍，问他端的，且听下回分解。◎第三十四回情中情因情感妹妹错里错以错劝哥哥话说袭人见贾母王夫人等去后，便走来宝玉身边坐下，含泪问他：“怎么就打到这步田地？”宝玉叹气说道：“不过为那些事，问他做什么！只是下半截疼得很，你瞧瞧，打坏了那里？”<br />
<br />
The Grandma Merchant ordered:“ carry him carefully back to his own room." All helped to carry him there, and laid him on his bed. After some busy days, the others<br />
left, leaving Aroma caring for him.<br />
The next chapter tells what happens next. CHAPTER 34 Wrongs between each other After their departure, Aroma sat down by his side and asked the reason for the beating with tears. "well, nothing. Why do you ask?" Precious Jade Merchant sighed. "The legs hurts. You see how bad it is."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:56, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
袭人听说，便轻轻的伸手进去，将中衣脱下，略动一动，宝玉便咬着牙叫“嗳哟”，袭人连忙停住手：如此三四次，才褪下来了。袭人看时，只见腿上半段青紫，都有四指阔的僵痕高了起来。袭人咬着牙说道：“我的娘！怎么下这般的狠手！你但凡所我一句话，也不到得这步地位。幸而没动筋骨，倘或打出个残疾来，可叫人怎么样呢？”正说着，只听丫鬟们说：“宝姑娘来了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
袭人听见，知道穿不及中衣，便拿了一床夹纱被，替宝玉盖了。只见宝钗手里托着一丸药走进来，向袭人说道：“晚上把这药用酒研开，替他敷上，把那淤血的热毒散开，可以就好了。”说毕，递与袭人。又问：“这会子可好些？”宝玉一面道谢，说：“好些了。”又让坐。宝钗见他睁开眼说话，不像先时，心中也宽慰了好些，便点头叹道：“早听人一句话，也不至有今日。<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
别说老太太、太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也……”刚说了半句，又忙咽住，自悔说的话太急了，不觉红了脸，低下头来。宝玉听得这话如此亲切稠密，大有深意；忽见他又咽住，不往下说，红了脸，低下头，只管弄衣带，那一种娇羞怯怯，竟难以言语形容，越觉心中感动，将疼痛早已丢在九霄云外去了。想道：“我不过挨了几下打，他们一个个就有这些怜惜之态，令人可亲可敬。<br />
<br />
Not to say Grandma Merchant is that we look, heart also ...... "just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more I feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. I thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 10:42, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Not to say Grandma Merchant is said that we look, heart also ...... " he just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more he feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. he thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 15:53, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
假若我一时竟遭殃横死，他们还不知何等悲感呢！既是他们这样，我便一时死了，得他们如此，一生事业，纵然尽付东流，也无足叹惜矣。”正想着，只听宝钗问袭人道：“怎么好好的动了气，就打起来了？”袭人便把培茗的话说出来了。宝玉原来还不知贾环的话，见袭人说出，方才知道；因又拉上薛蟠，惟恐宝钗沉心，忙又止住袭人道：“薛大哥从来不这样的，你们别混猜度。”<br />
<br />
If I die in an accident，I can’t imagine how sad they are！If I have the achievements like them，I won’t have pity even I die accidentally. As he was thinking，Precious Hairpin asked Aroma ：“Why you get angry and beat him？” Aroma just said what Junger Dienstbote said. Precious Jade didn’t know what Junger Dienstbote said until hearing Aroma said. So he pulled Dragon Marshgras for fear that making Precious Hairpin unhappy. Then he stopped Aroma and said，“Brother Marshgrass never be this，don’t be paranoid.”--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 23:37, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
If I were unlucky to die in an accident，I can’t imagine how sad they are！Since I have the adorement of them，I won’t have a pity even I die accidentally and lose my lifetime achivements. As he was thinking，Precious Hairpin asked Aroma ：“Why do you get angry and beat him without signs before？” Aroma just repeated what Junger Dienstbote said. Precious Jade didn’t know what Junger Dienstbote said until hearing that. So he pulled Dragon Marshgrass for fear that Precious Hairpin was depressed. Then he hurried to stop Aroma and said，“Brother Marshgrass has never behaved like this，so you don’t be paranoid.”--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:54, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝钗听说，便知宝玉是怕他多心，用话拦袭人。因心中暗暗想道：“打得这个形象，疼还顾不过来，还这样细心，怕得罪了人。你既这样用心，何下在外头大事上做工夫，老爷也欢喜了，也不能吃这样亏。你虽然怕我沉心，所以拦袭人的话，难道我就不知我哥哥素日恣心纵欲、毫无防范的那种心性？当日为一个秦钟，还闹的天翻地覆，自然如今比先又加利害了。”<br />
<br />
Upon hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent her worrying too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 10:13, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent that she would worry too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 14:57, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
想毕，因笑道：“你们也不必怨这个怨那个，据我想，到底宝兄弟素日肯和那些人来往，老爷才生气。就是我哥哥说话不防头，一时说出宝兄弟来，也不是有心挑唆：一则也是本来的实话；二则他原不理论这些防赚小事。袭姑娘从小儿只见过宝兄弟这样细心人，你何尝见过我哥哥那天不怕地不怕、心里有什么口里说什么的人呢？”袭人因说出薛蟠来，见宝玉拦他的话，早已明白自己说造次了，恐宝钗没意思；<br />
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After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass thought about it, Laughing: "You don't have to complain about this or that. I think it's because Precious Jade brothers usually like to associate with those people, so the master is angry. Even if my brother speaks freely, he doesn't mean to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth; second, he doesn't care about these small things. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 05:28, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Figured it out, he laughed and said: "You don't have to complain about others. I supposed it's my brother Precious Jade’s association with those people that bothered our master. Even if my brother lacks a cautious to keep the secret, he won’t be meant to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth afterall; second, he doesn't care about these trivial matters. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
听宝钗如此说，更觉羞愧无言。宝玉又听宝钗这番一半是堂皇正大，一半是去己的疑心，更觉比先心动神移。方欲说话时，只见宝钗起身说道：“明日再来看你，好生养着罢。方才我拿了药来，交给袭人，晚上敷上，管就好了。”说着，便走出门去。袭人赶着送出院外，说：“姑娘倒费心了。改日宝二爷好了，亲自来谢了。”宝钗回头笑道：“有什么谢处？你只劝他好生静养，别胡思乱想的就好。<br />
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Aroma couldn’t feel more shamed to hear this and Precious Jade was even more sparked for learning the decency and the equally balanced assurance in Precious Hairpin’s words. Before Precious Jade intended to speak, Precious Hairpin stand up and said, “Have a good rest and I will see you tomorrow. I had handed the medicine I brought with to Aroma. You’ll be alright after using it at night.” Saying, Precious Hairpin walked out of the door. Aroma hurried to attend her outside the Abbey and said, “We really appreciate your caring. Our lord will acknowledge you in person after his recovery.” Precious Hairpin smiled, “No need for you to offer thanks. My advice would only be his enough rest without a bee in his head.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:27, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
要想什么吃的玩的，悄悄的往我那里去取了，不必惊动老太太、太太众人。倘或吹到老爷耳朵里，虽然彼时不怎么样，将来对景，终是要吃亏的。”说着去了。袭人抽身回来，心内着实感激宝钗。进来见宝玉沉思默默，似睡非睡的模样，因而退出房外栉沐。宝玉默默的躺在床上，无奈臀上作痛，如针挑刀挖一般，更热如火炙，略展转时，禁不住“嗳哟”之声。<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with,just go to my room and fetch them.remember do not disturb the ladies.But if the lord have konwn it,though I don't know how it is in the present ,you would come to a grief sometime in the future."he stops speaking and walks away.Attackers frees herself and comes back ,with many gratitudes for Precious Jade in her heart.coming in and seeing Precious Jade medidating tranquilly in a sleepy not sleeping state,She steps back out of the room to freshen up.Precious Jade lay in bed silently.Suddenly,he feels a pang of stitching and burning pain in his haunch.turning overing slightly,he can not help letting out a cry:"Yaa-hoo"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 04:46, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with, just go to my place, and no need to disturb the ladies. If the Lord knows it, though there is no trouble in the present, you would come to a grief sometime in the future." She said this and walked out. Aroma freed herself to come back, and felt grateful for Precious Hairpin. Seeing Precious Jade medidating in a sleepy stupor, Aroma exited the room to freshen up. Precious Jade lay in bed silently when a sudden pang of stitching and burning pain seized him in his haunch. He turned over and could not help letting out a cry "Aye-aye."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那时天色将晚，因见袭人去了，却有两三个丫鬟伺侯，此时并无呼唤之事，因说道：“你们且去梳洗，等我叫时再来。”众人听了，也都退出。这里宝玉昏昏默默，只见蒋玉函走了进来，诉说忠顺府拿他之事；一时又见金钏儿进来，哭说为他投井之情。宝玉半梦半醒，都不在意。忽又觉有人推他，恍恍惚惚，听得有人悲切之声。宝玉从梦中惊醒，睁眼一看，不是别人，却是林黛玉。<br />
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Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed. When I call you you come then." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler of Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, feeling someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not someone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:15, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed; come in when I call you." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler from the Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, and was not able to give his mind to anything that was told him. Unawares, he felt someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not anyone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
犹恐是梦，忙又将身子欠起来，向脸上细细一认，只见他两个眼睛肿得桃儿一般，满面泪光，不是黛玉，却是那个？宝玉还欲看时，怎奈下半截疼痛难禁，支持不住，便“嗳哟”一声，仍旧倒下，叹了一声，说道：“你又做什么来？虽然太阳落下去，那地上的余热未散，倘又受了暑呢，我虽然捱了打，并不觉疼痛。我这个样儿是装出来哄他们，好在外头布散与老爷听。其实是假的，你不可信真。”<br />
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Fearing that it was only a dream, he promptly raised himself, and scrutinized her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it is not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply that finding it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lay himself down again and heaved a sigh. “What do you once more come here for?” he asked. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pains or aches. I behave in this fashion only to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Fearing that it is only a dream, he promptly raises himself, and scrutinizes her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it was not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade has meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply , making it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lies himself down again and heaves a sigh. “What do you come here again for?” he asks. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pain . I pretend so to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
此时林黛玉虽不是嚎啕大哭，然越是这等无声之泣，气噎喉堵，更觉利害。听了宝玉这番话，心中虽有万句言词，只是不能说得，半日，方抽抽噎噎的说道：“你从此可都改了罢！”宝玉听说，便长叹一声道：“你放心，别说这样话。我便为这些人死了，也是情愿的。”一句话未了，只见院外人说：“二奶奶来了。”林黛玉便知是凤姐来了，连忙立起身，说道：“我从后院子里去罢，回来再来。”<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:22, 17 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 15:08, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉一把拉住，道：“这又奇了。好好的怎么怕起他来？”林黛玉急得跺脚，悄悄的说道：“你瞧瞧我的眼睛，又该他们取笑儿开心了。”宝玉听说，赶忙的放了手。黛玉三步两步转过床后，刚出了后院，凤姐从前头已进来了。问宝玉：“可好些了？想什么吃？叫人往我那里取去？”接着薛姨妈又来了。一时贾母又打发了人来。至掌灯时分，宝玉只喝了两口汤，便昏昏沉沉的睡去。<br />
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"This is indeed strange!" exclaimed Precious Jade as he laid hold of her and tried to detain her. "How is it that you've deliberately started living in fear and trembling of her!" Mascara Jade Forest grew impatient and stamped her feet. "Look at my eyes!" she added in an undertone. "Must those people amuse themselves again by poking fun at me?" After this response, Precious Jade speedily let her go. Mascara Jade Forest with hurried step withdrew behind the bed; and no sooner had she issued into the back-court, than Sister Phoenix made her appearance in the room by the front entrance." Are you better?" she asked Precious Jade. "If you fancy anything to eat, mind you send some one over to my place to fetch it for you." Thereupon Aunt Marshgrass also came to pay him a visit. Shortly after, a messenger likewise arrived from Grandma Marchant (to inquire after him).When the time came to prepare the lights, Precious Jade had a couple of mouthfuls of soup to eat, but he felt so drowsy and heavy that he fell asleep.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 09:38, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"This is indeed strange!" exclaimed Precious Jade as he laid hold of her and tried to detain her. "Why are you afraid of these?" Mascara Jade Forest grew impatient and stamped her feet. "Look at my eyes!" she added in an undertone. "Must those people amuse themselves again by poking fun at me?" Hearing this response, Precious Jade quickly let her go. Mascara Jade Forest with hurried steps withdrew behind the bed, and no sooner had she issued into the backcourt than Sister Phoenix made her appearance in the room by the front entrance." Are you better?" she asked Precious Jade. "If you fancy anything to eat, mind you send someone over to my place to fetch it for you?" Thereupon Aunt Marshgrass also came to pay him a visit. Shortly after, a messenger likewise arrived from Grandma Marchant (to inquire after him). When the time came to prepare the lights, Precious Jade had a couple of mouthfuls of soup to eat, but he felt so drowsy and heavy that he fell asleep.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:41, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220509_homework&diff=145696CULTURE2022 20220509 homework2022-06-28T05:48:20Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
大夫又说好生静养才好，谁还肯烦他做呢？旧年好一年的工夫，做了个香袋儿；今年半年，还没见拿针线呢。”正说着，有人来回说：“兴隆街的大爷来了，老爷叫二爷出去会。”宝玉听了，便知贾雨村来了，心中好不自在。袭人忙去拿衣服。宝玉一面登着靴子，一面抱怨道：“有老爷和他坐着就罢了，回回定要见我。”史湘云一边摇着扇子，笑道：“自然你能会宾接客，老爷才叫你出去呢。”宝玉道：“那里是老爷？都是他自己要请我见的。”湘云笑道：“‘主雅客来勤’，自然你有些警动他的好处，他才要会你。”<br />
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The doctor also said he has to take a good rest to recuperate,but who is willing to bother him to do it? In the past year, a whole year's work made an incense bag; half a year of this year, people have not seen the needle and thread. While talking, someone came back and said: "The grand master of Xinglong Street is here, the master asked the second master to go out to meet." Precious Jade listened and knew Jia Yucun came, with his heart so uncomfortable. The woman was busy getting clothes. The first thing Precious Jade does is to get his boots on and complained, "It is enough for him to sit with the grand master. Why does he have to visit me anytime?" Shi Xiangyun shook her fan and laughed, "Naturally you can receive guests, so the master asked you to go out." Precious Jade said, "Is he the grand master? It was he who asked me to meet him." Xiang Yun laughed and said, "'The master is elegant and the guest is diligent', naturally you have the benefit of alerting him so he wants to meet you."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:34, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Later the doctor said he has to take a good rest to recuperate, so who is willing to bother him to do it? In the past year, a whole year's work made an incense bag; half a year had passed now, he have not ever touch the needle and thread. While talking, someone came back and said: "The grand master of Xinglong Street is here,he asked to meet the second master outside." Precious Jade listened, then knew Jia Yucun came, with his heart so uncomfortable. Aroma was busy getting his clothes. The first thing Precious Jade does is to get his boots on and complained, "It is enough for him to sit with the grand master. Why does he have to visit me every time?" Shi Xiangyun shook her fan and laughed, "Naturally you can receive guests, so the master asked you to do so." Precious Jade said, "Is it asked by the grand master? It was the guests who asked me to meet them." Xiang Yun laughed and said, "'The master is elegant and the guest comes fluently', naturally you have the benefit of alerting him so he wants to meet you."--[[User:Chen Kun|Chen Kun]] ([[User talk:Chen Kun|talk]])<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
宝玉道：“罢，罢！我也不称雅，俗中又俗的一个俗人，并不愿同这些人往来。”湘云笑道：“还是这个情性，改不了。如今大了，你就不愿读书去考举人进士的，也该常会会这些为官作宰的，谈讲谈讲那些仕途经济的学同，也好将来应酬庶务，日后也有个朋友。没见你成年家只在我们队里搅些什么？”宝玉听了，道：“姑娘请别的屋里坐坐，我这里仔细腌臜了你知经济学问的人！”袭人道：“姑娘快别说这话。上回也是宝姑娘也说过一回，他也不管人脸上过得去过不去，他就‘咳’了一声，拿起脚来走了。<br />
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Precious Jade said, "Stop, stop! Though I am not elegant, a vulgar among the vulgar, but I do not want to associate with these people." Fragrant Cloud History laughed and said, "You still can't change your temper. Now when you grow up, even if you do not want to study to take the imperial examination, you should often meet these officials and talk about the knowledge of official career and economy. You can enjoy social affairs in the future and have a friend in the future. Didn't you see what we did when you were an adult?" Precious Jade, hearing this, said, "Girl, please come and sit down in another room, I've made a dirty mark here for you economic circles!" Aroma said: "girl , don't say this. Last time it is also Aunt Treasure said once, he also does not care whether others lose face, he 'cough' came and left.<br />
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Precious Jade said, "Stop, stop! Though I am not elegant but the vulgar among the vulgars, I do not want to associate with these people." Fragrant Cloud History laughed and said, "You still can't change your temper. Now when you grow up, even if you do not want to study to take the imperial examination, you should often meet these officials and talk about the knowledge of official career and economy. You can enjoy social affairs in the future and have a friend in the future. Didn't you see what we did when you were an adult?" Precious Jade, hearing this, said, "Girl, please come and sit down in another room, I've made a dirty mark here for you economic circles!" Aroma said: "girl , don't say this. Last time it is also Aunt Treasure said once, he also does not care whether others lose face, he 'cough' came and left.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 05:13, 16 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
这里宝姑娘的话也没说完，见他走了，登时羞得脸通红．说又不是，不说又不是。幸而是宝姑娘，那要是林姑娘，不知又闹得怎么样，哭得怎么样呢！提起这些话来，宝姑娘叫人敬重，自己过了一会子去了。我倒过不去，只当他恼了，谁知过后还是照旧一样，真真是有涵养，心地宽大的。谁知这一个反倒同他生分了。那林姑娘见他赌气不理，他后来不知赔多少不是呢。”宝玉道：“林姑娘从来说过这些混账话不曾？若他也说过这些混账话，我早和他生分了。”<br />
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Seeing he left, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seems neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth is right. It's lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is very likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass is worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she is! But who knows this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest seeing him and ignoring him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:20, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Seeing he leaving, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seemed neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth was right. It was lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is more likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she was! But who knew this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest saw him and ignored him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:14, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人和湘云都点头笑道：“这原是混帐话？”原来林黛玉知道史湘云在这里，宝玉一定又赶来说麒麟的原故，因心下忖度着，近日宝玉弄来的外传野史，多半才子佳人，都因小巧玩物上撮合，或有鸳鸯，或有凤凰，或玉环金佩，或鲛帕鸾绦：皆由小物而遂终身之愿。今忽见宝玉亦有麟麟，便恐借此生隙，同史湘云也做出那些风流佳事来，因而悄悄走来，见机行事，以察二人之意。不想刚走来，正听见史湘云说“经济”一事，宝玉又说：“林妹妹不说这样混账话，若说这话，我也同他生分了。”<br />
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Aroma And River Cloud nodded and smiled, “Is that ridiculous?” Actually, Mascara Jade Forest knew that Fragrant-cloud History stayed here, and Precious Jade must have come to ask the reasons about Kylin. She knew that recently Precious Jade had got some Haider and unofficial historical books which record that mostly wits and beauties acquainted and wedded through small and exquisite things that includes mandarin, phoenix, jade bracelets, golden wears and silk handkerchiefs with fish or a bird. When she saw that Precious Jade had had a kylin, she was afraid that their relationship would turn sour and Precious Jade would have an affair with Fragrant-cloud History. Therefore, she reckoned that she had to fleet into in case of that. Unexpectedly, on her entering, Fragrant-cloud History talked about “the economic”. Then Precious Jade said, “I supposed that Sister Forest wouldn’t say such ridiculous words. If did, we would be aloof.”—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:08, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma And River Cloud nodded and smiled, “Is that ridiculous?” Actually, Mascara Jade Forest knew that Fragrant-cloud History stayed here, and Precious Jade must have come to ask the reasons about Kylin. She knew that recently Precious Jade had got some Haider and unofficial historical books which record that mostly wits and beauties acquainted and wedded through small and exquisite things that includes mandarin, phoenix, jade bracelets, golden wears and silk handkerchiefs with fish or a bird. When she saw that Precious Jade had had a kylin, she was afraid that their relationship would turn sour and Precious Jade would have an affair with Fragrant-cloud History. Therefore, she reckoned that she had to fleet into in case of that. Unexpectedly, on her entering, Fragrant-cloud History talked about “the economic”. Then Precious Jade said, “I supposed that Sister Forest wouldn’t say such ridiculous words. If did, we would be aloof.”--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:21, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
林黛玉听了这话，不觉又喜又惊，又悲又叹。所喜者，果然自己眼力不错，素日认他是个知己，果然是个知己。所惊者，他在人前一片私心称扬于我，其亲热厚密，竟不避嫌疑。所叹者，你既为我之知己，自然我亦可为你的知己，既你我为知己，则又何必有“金玉”之论呢？既有“金玉”之论，也该你我有之，又何必来一宝钗呢？所悲者，父母早逝，虽有铭心刻骨之言，无人为我主张；况近日每觉神思恍惚，病已渐成，医者更云：“气弱血亏，恐致劳怯之症。”<br />
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When Lin Daiyu heard these words, she felt happy and surprised, sad and sighing. The first is that she has a good eye, and she has recognized him as a confidant, and he is indeed a confidant. I was surprised to learn that he had praised me in front of people with his own heart, and that he was so intimate and generous that he did not avoid suspicion. I was amazed at the way he praised me in front of people with a private heart, and how he was so intimate and generous that he did not avoid suspicion. The "gold and jade" theory, you and I should have it, and why is it necessary to come to a Baochai? I am sad that my parents died early, although I have heartfelt words, no one to advocate for me; moreover, recently I feel in a trance, the disease has gradually become, the doctor even said: "weak qi and blood deficiency, fear of labor and cowardice."--[[User:Deng Lulu|Deng Lulu]] ([[User talk:Deng Lulu|talk]]) 15:20, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
我虽为你的知己，但恐不能久待；你纵为我知己，奈我薄命何！想到此间，不禁滚下泪来。待进去相见，自觉无味，便一面拭泪，一面抽身回去了。这里宝玉忙忙的穿了衣裳出来，忽见黛玉在前面慢慢的走着，似乎有拭泪之状，便忙赶着上来笑道：“妹妹往那里去？怎么又哭了？又是谁得罪了你？”林黛玉回头见是宝玉，便勉强笑道：“好好的，我何曾哭了。”宝玉笑道：“你瞧瞧，眼睛上的泪珠儿未干，还撒谎呢。”一面说，一面禁不住抬起手来，替他拭泪。<br />
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Although I am your true love, I fear I may not be able to stay there. And even though you are mine, you can do nothing to alter my fate. At that point in her reflections she began to weep. Feeling in no fit state to be seen, she turned away from the door and began to make her way back again. Precious Jade had finished his hasty dressing and now came out of the house. He saw Mascara Jade slowly walking on ahead of him and, judging by her appearance from behind, wiping her eyes. He hurried forward to catch up with her. “Where are you off to? Are you crying again? Who has upset you this time?” Mascara Jade turned and saw that it was Precious Jade. “I’m perfectly all right,” she said, forcing a smile. “How could I be crying.” “Look at yourself! The tears are still wet on your face. How can you tell such lies?” Impulsively he stretched out his hand to wipe them.--[[User:Deng Ruixin|Deng Ruixin]] ([[User talk:Deng Ruixin|talk]]) 06:10, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Although I am your confidant, I fear I may not be able to stay there. And even though you are mine confidant, you can do nothing to alter my poor fate. At that point in her reflections she began to weep. Feeling in no fit state to be seen, she turned back again. Precious Jade had finished his hasty dressing and now came out of the house. He saw Mascara Jade slowly walking on ahead of him and, judging by her appearance from behind, wiping her eyes. He hurried forward to catch up with her. “Where are you off to? Are you crying again? Who has upset you this time?” Mascara Jade turned and saw that it was Precious Jade. “I’m perfectly all right,” she said, forcing a smile. “How could I be crying.” “Look at yourself! The tears are still wet on your face. How can you tell such lies?” Impulsively he stretched out his hand to wipe them.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 15:00, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
林黛玉忙向后退了几步，说道：“你又要死了！做什么，这么动手动脚的。”宝玉笑道：“说话忘了情，不觉的动了手，也就顾不得死活。”林黛玉道：“死了倒不值什么，只是丢下了什么‘金’，又是什么‘麒麟’，可怎么好呢！”一句话，又把宝玉说急了，赶上来问道：“你还说这话，到底是咒我还是气我呢？”林黛玉见问，方想起前日的事来，遂自悔自己又说造次了，忙笑道：“你别着急，我原说错了。这有什么，筋都叠暴起来，急得一脸汗！”一面说，一面禁不住近前伸手着他拭面上的汗。<br />
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Mascara Jade Forest quickly stepped back and said, "You are going to die? Why make such a move." Precious Jade said with a smile, "I forgot my feelings when I was talking. "Mascara Jade Forest said, "It's nothing to die of. I just left behind some 'gold' and some 'kylin'. How wonderful!" Precious Jade was so upset that she came up to him and asked, "Do you still say that to curse me or to annoy me?" "Don't worry," Mascara Jade Forest said with a smile, "I made a mistake. This have what, the muscle all fold violent rise, nasty get a face sweat!" As he spoke, he could not help reaching closer to wipe the sweat from his face.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 14:54, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Mascara Jade Forest quickly stepped back and said, "Are you going to die? Do not paw me!" Precious Jade said with a smile, "I forgot to behave when I was talking. I couldn't help to touch you whatever the outcomes. "Mascara Jade Forest said, "If you want to die, go for it. It's not a big deal. While I just wander what to do when you were dead but leave the 'gold' and the 'kylin'." These words made Precious Jade was so upset that he asked, "So you said these just to curse me or to burn me?" It was not until hearing that that Mascara Jade Forest remembered what happened <br />
the day before yesterday. So she soon began to regret that her remarks were beyond the pale again. "Don't be angry," Mascara Jade Forest said with a smile in a hurry, "I said the wrong thing. So what? Look at you! You are so anxious that your veins have bulged and your face is running with sweat. get a face sweat!" As she spoke, she could not help reaching closer to wipe the sweat from his face.--[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 02:32, 16 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
宝玉瞅了半天，方说道：“你放心。”黛玉听了，怔了半天，说道：“我有什么不放心？我不明白你这话。你倒说说，怎么放心不放心？”宝玉叹了一口气，问道：“你果然不明白这话？难道我素日在你身上的心都用错了？连你的意思若体贴不着，就难怪你天天为我生气了！”林黛玉道：“果然我不明白放心不放心的话。”宝玉点头叹道：“好妹妹，你别哄我；果然不明白这话，不但我素日之意白用了，且连你素日待我之意也都辜负了。你皆因多是不放心的原故，才弄了一身的病。<br />
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Precious Jade had gazed at Mascara Jade for a long time, then said:"You can rest easy." Hearing that, Mascara Jade had been in a daze for a while and said:"What am I afraid of? I can't understand your words. Tell me how can I be relaxed?" Precious Jade signed and asked, "Sure enough, Can't you understand me? Isn't it wrong for me to make a real effort to be nice to you every day? If I cannot even know what you mean, it is not strange are upset with me daily." "I don't understand your words of 'resting easy' as I've expected." Mascara Jade said. Nodded, Precious Jade said with a sign, "My dear sister, do not have me on. If you really cannot understand my words, all my efforts will go for nothing and your usual feeling for me will always be disappointed. Your illness must come from your restlessness and sentimentality."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:32, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade had stared at Mascara Jade for a long time, then said:"You can rest easy." Hearing that, Mascara Jade had been in a daze for a while and said:"What am I afraid of? I can't understand your words. Tell me how can I be relaxed?" Precious Jade signed and asked, "Sure enough, Can't you understand me? Isn't it wrong for me to make a real effort to be nice to you every day? If I cannot even know what you mean, it is not strange are upset with me daily." "I don't understand your words of 'resting easy' as I've expected." Mascara Jade said. Nodded, Precious Jade said with a sign, "My dear sister, do not have me on. If you really cannot understand my words, all my efforts will go for nothing and your usual feeling for me will always be disappointed. Your illness must come from your restlessness and sentimentality."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 11:06, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
但凡宽慰些，这病也不得一日重似一日。”林黛玉听了这话，如轰雷掣电，细细思之，竟比自己肺腑中掏出来的还觉恳切，竟有万句言语，满心要说，只是半个字也不能吐，却怔怔的望着他。此时宝玉心中有万句言词，不知一时从那一句说起，却也怔怔的望着黛玉。两个人怔了半天，林黛玉只“咳”了一声，两眼不觉滚下泪来，回身便要走。宝玉忙上前拉住道：“好妹妹，且略站住，我说一句话再走。”黛玉一面拭泪，一面将手推开，说道：“有什么可说的？你的话我都知道了。”<br />
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If you would take less things to heart, your illness wouldn't worse day by day.Hearing his words, Lin Daiyu was shocked,and after thinking carefully, felt the words were even more honesty than what she wante to express in her heart. Even though she had thousands of words to say, she could not speak out one word, and only staring him still. Meanwhile, Paoyu also have many words to talk to Daiyu, but he did not know how to begin, and staring at her as well. So they transfixed for some time. Then Daiyu gave a choking cough and the teard rolled down her face.She was turning to go when Paoyu hold of her.<br />
"Dear cousin, wait.Just let me say one word." Daiyu sweeped her tears with one hand, and pulled him away with another hand, saying: "What more is there to say? I understand."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 16:43, 26 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
If you would take less things to heart, your illness wouldn't go worse day by day. Hearing his words, Mascara Jade Forest was shocked, and after thinking carefully, she felt the words were even more honest than what she wanted to express in her heart. Even though she had thousands of words to say, she could not speak out one word, only staring at him still. Meanwhile, Precious Jade also have many words to talk to Mascara Jade Forest, but he did not know how to begin, staring at her as well. So they transfixed for some time. Then Mascara Jade Forest gave a choking cough and tears rolled down her face.She was turning to go when Precious Jade hold of her.<br />
"Dear cousin, wait.Just let me say one word." Mascara Jade Forest sweeped her tears with one hand, and pulled him away with another hand, saying: "What's more to say? I understand."--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 15:18, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
口里说着，却头也不回，竟去了。宝玉望着只管发起呆来。原来方才出来慌忙，不曾带得扇子，袭人怕他热，忙拿了扇子，赶来送与他；忽抬头见了林黛玉和他站着，一时黛玉走了，他还站着不动，因而赶上来说道：“你也不带了扇子去，亏我看见，赶了送来。”宝玉出了神，见袭人和他说话，并未看出是何人来，便一把拉住，说道：“好妹妹，我的这心事，从来也不敢说，今日我胆大说出来，死也甘心！我为你也弄了一身的病，在这里又不敢告诉人，只好捱着。<br />
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While she was saying, Mascara Jade Forest went away without turning her head. Precious Jade was in a daze, gazing at her. He forgot to bring his fan because he was in a hurry just now. Afraid of he being hot, Aroma took the fan and gave it to Precious Jade rushly. She looked up in a sudden, finding Mascara Jade was staying with Precious Jade. And now Mascara Jade was leaving while Precious Jade was standing still. So Aroma came to say, “You left your fan. It was thanks to me that I brought it to you in time.” Precious Jade was mind-absent, not recognizing the person talking to him. He seized the person and said, “My sister, I never dare to reveal my true feeling to anybody. Now I pick up the courage and speak it out, and even though death comes to me I am unregretful. Because of you I catch a bunch of illnesses, but I don’t want to tell others, only waiting and waiting.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:31, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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While saying, Mascara Jade Forest went away without turning her head back. Precious Jade was just in a daze, gazing at her. He went out in a hurry just now so forgot to bring his fan. And Aroma, who was afraid of him being hot, took the fan and sent it to him rushly. She looked up in a sudden, finding Mascara Jade was staying with Precious Jade. After Mascara Jade left, Precious Jade was still standing there. So Aroma came forward and said, “You left your fan. It is thanks to me that I bring it to you in time.” Precious Jade was mind-absent, not recognizing the person talking to him. He seized the person and said, “My precious sister, I never dare to reveal my true feeling to anybody. Now I pick up the courage and speak it out. Even though death comes to me I am unregretful. Because of you I catch a bunch of illnesses, but I don’t dare to tell anyone here, only waiting and waiting.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 08:53, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
等你的病好了，只怕我的病才得好呢。睡里梦里也忘不了你！”袭人听了，吓得惊疑不止，只叫“神天菩萨，坑死我了！”便推他道：“这是那里的话，敢是中了邪？还不快去！”宝玉一时醒过来，方知是袭人送扇；宝玉羞得满面紫涨，夺了扇子，便抽身的跑了。这里袭人见他去了，自思方才之言，一定是因林黛玉而起，如此看来，将来难免不才之事，令人可惊可畏。想到此间，也不觉怔怔的滴下泪来。心下暗度如何处治，方能免此丑祸。正裁疑问，忽有宝钗从那里走来，笑道：“大毒日头地下，出什么神？”<br />
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“I’m afraid that I will not be well until you have recovered. There exists your figure even in my dreams!” Hearing of it, Aroma, much shocked, only said “God!” Then she pushed Precious Jade, “Where did you hear about such words? Are you bewitched? Make the evil leave you!” So, Precious Jade woke up and it was at that moment that he knew the person who sent the fan was Aroma; his face turned purple for embarrassment and he ran away after seizing the fan. Seeing his figure disappear, Aroma thought that what Precious Jade had said must refer to Mascara Jade Forest, and further, that there would be something indecent in the future, which horrified her. So, her tears dropped uncontrollably. When she was considering how to avoid such a scandal, suddenly there came Precious Hairpin who smiled, “Why are you lost in thought in the hot sun?”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 08:36, 8 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“I’m afraid that I will not be well until you have recovered. I cannot forget you even in my dreams!” Hearing that, Aroma, much shocked, only said “God!” Then she pushed him and said “What are you talking about? Are you bewitched? Go away!”Precious Jade was suddenly wide awake,realizing the person who sent the fan was Aroma; his face turned purple for embarrassment and he ran away after snatching the fan. Seeing his figure disappear, Aroma thought that what Precious Jade had said must refer to Mascara Jade Forest, and further, that there would be something indecent in the future, which horrified her. So, her tears dropped uncontrollably. When she was considering how to avoid such a scandal, suddenly there came Precious Hairpin who smiled, “Why are you lost in thought in the hot sun?”--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 05:49, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
袭人见问，忙笑道：“那两个雀儿打架，倒也好玩儿，我就看住了。”宝钗道：“宝兄弟这会子穿了衣服，忙忙的那里去了？我才看见走过去，倒要叫住问他呢。他如今说话越发没了经纬，我故此没叫他，由他过去罢。”袭人道：“老爷叫他出去。”宝钗听了，忙说道：“嗳哟！这么黄天暑热的，叫他做什么？别是想起什么来，生了气，叫他出去教训一场罢？”袭人笑道：“不是这个，想是有客要会。”宝钗笑道：“这个客也没意思，这么热天，不在家里凉快，还跑些什么！”<br />
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Having seen that, Aroma laughed,"The two birds was fighting. It is so funny and attracted me." Precious Hairpin said,"Brother Precious was dressing just now. But where is he now? I was seeing him passing and wanted to call him to stop. But thinking about that his words are increasingly ridiculous so I didn't do that. Let him go!" Aroma said, "Milord called him out." Precious Hairpin heard that, saying immediately," Oh! Why did milord call him? It's so hot! The milord couldn't think of something, angering and had called him to blame?" Aroma laughed," No. Maybe they were to receive a visitor." Precious Hairpin smiled," How bored the visitor is! You see such a hot day, why doesn't he just stay at home but visit us now!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 17:03, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Having seen that, Aroma laughed,"The two birds was fighting. It is so funny and attracted me." Precious Hairpin said,"Brother Precious was dressing just now. But where is he now? I was seeing him passing and wanted to call him to stop. But thinking about that his words are increasingly ridiculous so I didn't do that. Let him go!" Aroma said, "Milord called him out." Precious Hairpin heard that, saying immediately," Oh! Why did milord call him? It's so hot! The milord couldn't think of something, angering and had called him to blame?" Aroma laughed," No. Maybe they were to receive a visitor." Precious Hairpin smiled," How bored the visitor is! You see such a hot day, why doesn't he just stay at home but visit us now!"--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:18, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
袭人笑道：“你可说么！”宝钗因而问道：“云丫头在你们家做什么呢？”袭人笑道：“才说了一会子闲话，你瞧，我前日粘的那双鞋子，明日求他做去。”宝钗听见这话，便两边回头，看无人来往，笑道：“你这么个明白人，怎么一时半刻的就不会体谅人情？我近来看着云姑娘的神情，风里言风里语的，听起来，在家里一点点做不得主。他们家嫌费用大，竟不用那些针线上的人，差不多儿的东西都是他们娘儿们动手。为什么这几次他来了，他和我说话儿，见没人在跟前，他就说家里累得很。<br />
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Then Bao Chai asked, “what was Yun doing in yours?” Aroma said, “we were just having a chat. See, I would ask him to sew the shoe for me.” Hearing about this and seeing around that there was nobody, Baochai said, “why do you such an intelligent girl can not understand? Lately I saw Yun’s expressions and found that she can not control her own life in her home. They do not use the professional seamstresses and all the sewing was done by the women in their home for the sake of the large expense. That that’s why , whenever she was alone with me, she told me how tired she was at home . --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:17, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
我再问他两句家常过日子的话，他就连眼圈儿都红了，嘴里含含糊糊，待说不说的。想其形景，自然从小没爹娘的苦。我看他也不觉的伤起心来。”袭人见说这话，将手一拍，道：“是了，是了。怪道上月我求他打十根蝴蝶儿结子，过了那些日子，才打发人送来，还说：‘这是粗打的，且在别处将就使罢；要匀净的，等明日来住着，再好生打罢。’如今听姑娘这话，想来我们求他，他不好推辞不知他在家里怎么三更半夜的做呢！可是我也糊涂了，早知道是这样，我也不该求他的。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
宝钗道：“上次他告诉我，说在家里做活做到三更天，若是替别人做一点半点，他家的那些奶奶太太们，还不受用呢。”袭人道：“偏生我们那个牛心左性的小爷，凭着小的大的活计，一概不要家里这些活计上的人做，我又弄不开这些。”宝钗笑道：“你理他呢！只管叫人做去，就是了。”袭人道：“那里哄得过他？他才是认得出来呢。说不得我只好慢慢的累去罢了。”宝钗笑道：“你不必忙，我替你做些何如？”袭人笑道：“当真的？这样就是我的造化了。晚上我亲自过来。”<br />
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Precious Hairpin said," Last time she told me that she worked at home until the next day, and if she did a little bit of work for others, the grandmothers and wives of her family would be angry about that." Aroma said," Our arrogant young master forbids other servants in our family who are involved in the work to do all the small or big things, but there are too much work for me." Precious Hairpin smiled," Just ignore him and ask someone else to do those things." Aroma said," It's hard to coax him! He can recognize them. I had no idea about that, only to do those things slowly by myself."Precious Hairpin smiled again," I can help you do those things so that you can relax." Aroma laughed," Really? I'm so lucky! I will came at night."--[[User:Liu Qianyi|Liu Qianyi]] ([[User talk:Liu Qianyi|talk]]) 05:52, 16 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Hairpin said," Last time he told me that he worked at home until the next day 3 o'clock, and if he did a little bit of work for others, the grandmothers and wives of his family would be angry about that." Aroma said," Our arrogant young master forbids other servants in our family who are involved in the work to do all the small or big things, but there are too much work for me." Precious Hairpin smiled," Just ignore him and ask someone else to do those things." Aroma said," It's hard to coax him! He can recognize them. I had no idea about that, only to do those things slowly by myself."Precious Hairpin smiled again," I can help you do those things so that you can relax." Aroma laughed," Really? I'm so lucky! I will came at night."--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 11:00, 19 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
一句话未了，忽见一个老婆子忙忙走来，说道：“这是那里说起！金钏儿姑娘好好投井死了！”袭人听得，唬了一跳，忙问：“那个金钏儿？”那老婆子道：“那里还有两个金钏儿呢？就是太太屋里的。前日不知为什么撵他出去，在家里哭天抹沮的，也都不理会他，谁知找不着他，才有打水的人说：‘那东南角上井里打水，见一个尸首。’赶着叫人打捞起来，谁知是他。他们还只管乱着要救活，那里中用了？”宝钗道：“这也奇了。”袭人听说，点头赞叹，想素日同气之情，不觉流下泪来。<br />
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Before saying a word, suddenly an old woman hurried up and said, "that's where it comes from! <br />
Golden Bracelet threw herself into the well and died!" After hearing this, Aroma startled and hurriedly asked, "which Golden Bracelet?" The old woman said, "Are there still two gold bracelets? She is the one of Lady King. They drove her out for some reason the day before yesterday. She cried at home but everyone ignored her. When they couldn't find her, then someone who drew water said, 'I drew water from the well in the southeast corner and saw a corpse.' they hurried to salvage, but who knew it was her. They just wanted to hurriedly save her. This is certainly not feasible" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said, "it's strange." Aroma nodded and thought of the friendship of colleagues in the past. She couldn't help bursting into tears.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 02:36, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Before saying a word, suddenly an old woman hurried up and said, "that's where it comes from! <br />
Golden Bracelet drowned herself into the well and died!" After hearing this, Aroma startled and hurriedly asked, "which Golden Bracelet?" The old woman said, "Are there still two gold bracelets? they belong to Lady King. They drove her out for some reason the day before yesterday. She cried at home but everyone ignored her. When they couldn't find her, then someone who drew water said, 'I drew water from the well in the southeast corner and saw a corpse.' they hurried to salvage, but who knew it was her. They just wanted to hurriedly save her. This is certainly not feasible" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said, "it's strange." Aroma nodded and thought of the friendship of colleagues in the past. She couldn't help bursting into tears.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:29, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
宝钗听见这话，忙向王夫人处来安慰。这里袭人回去不提。却说宝钗来至王夫人房里，只见鸦雀无闻，独有王夫人在里间房内坐着垂泪。宝钗便不好提这事，只得一旁坐了。王夫人便问：“你从那里来？”宝钗道：“从园里来。”王夫人道：你从园里来，可曾见你宝兄弟？”宝钗道：“才倒看见了他，穿着衣服出去了，不知那里去。”王夫人点头叹道：“你可知道一桩奇事？金钏儿忽然投井死了！”宝钗见说，道：“怎么好好的投井？这也奇了。”王夫人道：“原是前日他把我一件东西弄坏了，我一时生气，打了一下，撵了他下去。<br />
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Aroma went back. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was here to console Miss Wang. All was quiet, where she sat shedding tears. Not wanting to mention the suicide, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass sat by her in silence for a long time and asked: “where did you come from? "From the garden." "Did you see your Jade Merchant?" "Yeah, I saw him just now going out in clothes, but I don't know where he has been to. Miss Wang nodded. "Did you know that Jinchuaner suddenly drowning herself in the well?" "Why should she do that for no reason? So strange." "One day she broke my things, and out of rage I beat her and sent her away. "--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:26, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
我只说气他几天，还叫他上来，谁知他这么气性大，就投井死了，岂不是我的罪过。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘是慈善人，固然是这样想；据我看来，他并不是赌气投井，多半他下去住着，或是在井跟前玩，失了脚掉下去的。他在上头拘束惯了，这一出去，自然要到各处去玩玩逛逛，岂有这样大气的理？纵然有这样大气，也不过是个糊涂人，也不为可惜。”王夫人点头叹道：“这话虽然如此，到底我心不安。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘也不劳关心，十分过不去，不过多赏他几两银子，发送他，也就尽主仆之情了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
王夫人道：“才刚我赏了五十两银子与他娘，原要还把你姊妹们的新衣服给他装裹，谁知各丫头可巧都没有什么新做的衣服，只有你林妹妹做生日的两套。我想你林妹妹那个孩子，素日是个有心的，况且他原也三灾八难的，既说了给他过生日，这会子又给人去装裹，岂不忌讳？因为这么样，我才现叫裁缝赶着做一套给他。要是别的丫头，赏他几两银子，也就完了。金钏儿虽然是个丫头，素日在我跟前，比我的女儿也差不多。”口里说着，不觉流下泪来。<br />
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Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wang Rou|Wang Rou]] ([[User talk:Wang Rou|talk]]) 03:33, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:34, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
宝钗忙道：“姨娘这会子又何用叫裁缝赶去，我前日倒做了两套，拿来给他，岂不省事？况且他活的时候也穿过我的旧衣服，身量又相对。”王夫人道：“虽然这样，难道你不忌讳？”宝钗笑道：“姨娘放心，我从来不计较这些。”一面说，一面起身就走。王夫人忙叫了两个人跟宝姑娘去。一时宝钗取了衣服回来，只见宝玉在王夫人旁边坐着垂泪。王夫人正才说他，因见宝钗来了，就掩住口不说了。宝钗见此景况，察言观色，早知觉了七八分。于是将衣服交明，王夫人将他母亲叫来拿了去。再看下回分解。<br />
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Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said in a hurry:"Aunt, it is useless to order the tailor to make clothes as soon as possible. I made clothes a few days ago, it will be convenient if I give which to him. Moreover, he wore my old clothes when he was alive. The size fits him." Mrs. King said:"Though it is appropriate to do so, will you abstain from that?" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass smiled:" Please feel at ease. I never bargain about these." saying and leaving. Mrs King hurried to call two servants to go with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass fetched the clothes, she saw Baoyu crying beside Mrs.King. Mrs. King was talking about him but stopped for seeing Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's coming. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass saw the situation, observed her closely and knew seven or eight over ten. So she gave the clothes to her. Mrs.Wang called his mother to take it away. Please watch it from the next round--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 14:27, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said in a hurry:"Aunt, it is no need to order the tailor to make clothes as soon as possible. I made clothes a few days ago, it will be convenient if I give which to him. Moreover, he wore my old clothes when he was alive. The size fits him." Mrs. King said:"Though it is appropriate to do so, won’t you abstain from that?" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass smiled:" Take it easy. I never bargain about these." saying and leaving. Mrs King hurried to call two servants to go with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass fetched the clothes, she saw Precious Jade crying beside Mrs.King. Mrs. King was talking about him but stopped for seeing Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's coming. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass saw the situation, observed her closely and knew seven or eight over ten. So she gave the clothes to her. Mrs.Wang called his mother to take it away. Please watch it from the next round.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 15:49, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
◎第三十三回手足眈眈小动唇舌不肖种种大承笞挞却说王夫人唤上他母亲来，拿几件簪环，当面赏与，又吩咐：“请几众僧人念经超度他。”他母亲磕头，谢了出去。原来宝玉会过雨村回来，听见了金钏儿含羞自尽，心中早已五内摧伤，进来又被王夫人教说教训了一番，也无可回说。看见宝钗进来，方得便走出，茫然不知何往，背着手，低若头，一面感叹，一面慢慢的信步来至厅上。刚转过屏门，不想对面来了一人，正往里走，可巧撞了一个满怀。<br />
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Chapter33 Brothers hated each other and quarrelled with each other. Merchant Jade was flogged for his unworthy behaviors.<br />
As mentioned，Mrs.Wang called his mother and gave her several hairpins and earrings，and told her：“Ask some monks to redeem him.” His mother kowtowed，and thanked her，then she left. Merchant Jade met Merchant Rain Village and went back，he was extremely sad after hearing the message that Golden Bracelet was died with grivance. When he walked in，he was scolded by Mrs.Wang and had no words to say. He got the chance to went out when Precious Hairpin Marshgrass in. He was at a loss and didn’t know where to go，he put his hands back and lowered his hand. He sighed as he walked slowly into the hall. He had just reached the court gate when a man who was walking in approached him. They hit each other full.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 12:01, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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As mentioned，Mrs.Wang called his mother and gave her several hairpins and earrings，and told her：“Ask some monks to redeem him.” His mother kowtowed，thanked her，and then she left. It turned out that Precious Jade had no words to say since he met Merchant Rain Village and went back，he was extremely sad after hearing the message that Golden Bracelet was died with grivance. Worse,he was scolded by Mrs.Wang when he walked in . He didn't get the chance to go out untill Precious Hairpin came in. He was at a loss and didn’t know where to go，so he put his hands back and lowered his hand. He sighed as he walked slowly into the hall. He had just reached the court gate when a man who was walking in approached him. They hit each other full.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 12:51, 27 June 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
只听那人喝一声：“站住！”宝玉唬了一跳，抬头看时，不是别人，却是他父亲，早不觉倒抽了一口气，只得垂手一旁站了。贾政道：“好端端的，你垂头丧气嗐些什么？方才雨村来了，要见你，那半天才出来；既出来了，全无一点慷慨挥洒的谈吐，仍是葳葳蕤蕤的。我看你脸上一团私欲愁闷气色，这会子又嗳声叹气，你那些还不足，还不自在？无故这样，却是为何？”宝玉素日虽然口角伶俐，只是此时一心总为金钏儿感伤，恨不得此时也身亡命殒，跟了金钏儿去，如今见他父亲说这些话，究竟不曾听见，只是怔怔的站着。<br />
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A shout was recieved firstly:"Stop!"Precious Jade was startled by this to raise his hand immediately,only to see no one but his father. At that time ,he gasped and stood by with his hands down.Master Merchant said:"Why are you crestfallen with no reason? Just now Yucun came to see you.But you delayed for a long time to come out.Since out, you have been still down without generous and voluable talk.I see your face was wrriten by the sadness. Now you even signed in despair. You are unsatisfied with what you have owned, aren't you? If it's not right,tell me why." Though Precious Jade was talkative, this time he was still trapped in the pain of Golden Bracelet.He had an itch to die and perish following her.So he just stood with shock after hearing those words never told by his father before.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 08:25, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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A shout was recieved firstly:"Stop!"Precious Jade was startled by this to raise his hand immediately,only to see no one but his father. At that time ,he gasped and stood by with his hands down.Master Merchant said:"Why are you crestfallen with no reason? Just now Yucun came to see you.But you delayed for a long time to come out.Since out, you have been still down without generous and voluable talk.I see your face was wrriten by the sadness. Now you even signed in despair. You are unsatisfied with what you have owned, aren't you? If it's not right,tell me why." Though Precious Jade was talkative, this time he was still trapped in the pain of Golden Bracelet.He had an itch to die and perish following her.So he just stood with shock after hearing those words never told by his father before.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 06:46, 16 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
贾政见他惶悚，应对不似往日，原本无气的，这一来，倒生了三分气。方欲说话，忽有回事人来回：“忠顺亲王府里有人来，要见老爷。”贾政听了，心下疑惑，暗暗思忖道：“素日并不与忠顺府来往，为什么今日打发人来？”一面想，一面命：“快请厅上坐。”急忙进内更衣。出来接见时，却是忠顺府长府官，一面彼此见了礼，归坐献茶。未及叙谈，那长府官先就说道：“下官此来，并非擅造潭府，皆因奉命而来，有一件事相求。看王爷面上，敢烦老先生做主。不但王爷知情，且连下官辈亦感谢不尽。”<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as before. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back and said, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." After hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. When he came out to meet him, he was the head of Zhongshun mansion. They saw each other and offered the tea. Before we could talk, the chief official said: "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 12:25, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as usual. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back reporting, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." Hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. As came out, Master Merchant met the messenger serving as the head of Zhongshun mansion, for whom he offered a cuppa. The chief official said at first, "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:56, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
贾政听了这话，摸不着头脑，忙陪笑起身问道：“大人既奉王命而来，不知有何见谕？望大人宣明，学生好遵谕承办。”那长府官冷笑道：“也不必承办，只用老先生一句话就完了。我们府里有一个做小旦的琪官，一向好好在府，如今竟三五日不见回去，各处去找，又摸不着他的道路，因此各处察访。这一城内，十停人倒有八停人都说，他近日和衔玉的那位令郎相与甚厚。下官辈听了，尊府不比别家，可以擅来索取，因此启明王爷。王爷亦说：‘若是别的戏子呢，一百个也罢了；<br />
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Hearing this, Master Merchant was quiet confused. Hurriedly, he stood up with a flattering smile and asked, “My lord since you are under the king’s command, I am wondering what it is. It would be very kind of you to let me know the order, which allows me to cater.” The chief official sneered, “No need to cater. Just a word form the old gentleman is enough. An Actor named Jade Organ used to serve obediently in the mansion, where now he haven’t showed up for a few days. We have searched everywhere without any idea of his whereabouts while hearing from people living in this city talking about his intimacy with your son. Having acknowledged your mansion is superior to those arbitrarily rummaged , we have claimed to our lord. Our lord made it clear that if Jade Organ was like other actors he wouldn’t feel pity evening losing one hundred.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:50, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing this, Master Merchant was quiet confused. Hurriedly, he stood up with a flattering smile and asked, “My lord since you are under the king’s command, I am wondering what it is. It would be very kind of you to let me know the order, which allows me to cater.” The chief official sneered, “No need to cater. Just a word form the old gentleman is enough. An Actor named Jade Organ used to serve obediently in the mansion, where now he haven’t showed up for a few days. We have searched everywhere without any idea of his whereabouts while hearing from people living in this city talking about his intimacy with your son. Having acknowledged your mansion is superior to those arbitrarily rummaged , we have claimed to our lord. Our lord made it clear that if Jade Organ was like other actors he wouldn’t feel pity evening losing one hundred.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 09:05, 18 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
只是这琪官，随机应答，谨慎老成，甚合我老人家的心境，断断少不得此人。’故此求老先生转达令郎，请将琪官放回，一则可慰王爷谆谆奉恳之意，二则下官辈也可免操劳求觅之苦。”说毕，忙打一躬。贾政听了这话，又惊又气，即命唤宝玉出来。宝玉也不知是何原故，忙忙赶来，贾政便问：“该死的奴才！你在家不读书也罢了，怎么又做出这些无法无天的事来！那琪官现是忠顺王爷驾前承奉的人，你是何等草莽，无故引逗他出来，如今祸及于我。”<br />
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The Jade Organ responded with shrewdness and was tactful and deft,which is to my liking.We must hold this guy.Hence,we beg you to convey our kindess to your son and to send him(Jade Organ) back.For onething,it is a good way to recieve and apprehend lord's earness and sincerity.For another thing,the official career of youur next life would go well and far away from the pain of toiling and bustling around.Saying this ,He bowed in respect.Merchant Polictics was suprised and indignant after hearing this and called Precious Jade out at once.PreciousJade came hastily obviously having no idea of what was going on .Merchant Politics reprimanded him severely:"you little bastard.It is tolerable that you stayed at home and idle away time not coming to books.But how dare you are to have done such rude and impertinent things.the Jade Organ is the very person flattering LOrd ZhongShun.It is extremely reckless of you to tease him out for no reason and bring misfortune to me"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:39, 12 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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This Actor Jade always plays it by ear, sophisticated, tactful and deft, which is to my great pleasure. He can not be absent.' Hence, it's requested that Your Master ask Young Master to send Actor Jade back, on the one hand, comforting the sincerity of our Master, on the other saving the anguish of our searching." He bowed in respect. Master Merchant was suprised and indignant after hearing this, calling Precious Jade out at once. Precious Jade came hastily, having no idea of what was going on. Master Merchant reprimanded him severely, "You scamp! It is merely tolerable that you idle at home and read no books. How dare you have done such impertinent, reckless things! That Actor Jade is now serving Lord Loyal Obedience.It is so unreasonable of you to entice him without sake, now bringing misfortune to me."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 04:09, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
宝玉听了，唬了一跳，忙回道：“实在不知此事。究竟‘琪官’两个字，不知为何物，况更加以‘引逗’二字！”说着便哭。贾政木及开口，只见那长府官冷笑道：“公子也不必隐饰，或藏在家，或知其下落，早说了出来，我们也不受些辛苦，岂不念公子之德？”宝玉连说：“实在不知。恐是讹传，也未见得。”那长府官冷笑两声道：“现有证据，必定当着老大人说了出来，公子岂不吃亏？既说不知此人，那红汗巾子怎得到了公子腰里？”宝玉听了这话，不觉轰了魂魄，目瞪口呆，心下自思：<br />
<br />
Precious Jade heard this, startled, promptly replied that, "I know nothing about this at all. I know not what on earth 'Actor Jade' stands for, not to mention to entice!" He said with tears bursting out. Some words were on the tip of Master Merchant's tongue, while the butler sneered and said, "Young Master need not disguise. If Young Master hides him at home, or knows his whereabouts, Young Master can say it out early, saving us from meaningless hard work, which will make us grateful." Precious Jade replied quickly, "I have no idea about that. I'm afraid it's rumor, one might say." The butler gave a brittle laugh, "There's evidence. If I present it in front of the Master, Young Master would be embarrassed. You not knowing this man, how to explain the red kerchief hanging at your waist?" Upon hearing this, Precious Jade was frightened out of life, with eyes and mouth fixed. He thought to himself:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 14:51, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade heard this, startled, promptly replied that, "I know nothing about this at all. I know not what on earth 'Actor Jade' stands for, not to mention to entice!" He said with tears bursting out. Some words were on the tip of Master Merchant's tongue, while the butler sneered and said, "Young Master need not disguise. If Young Master hides him at home, or knows his whereabouts, Young Master can say it out early, saving us from meaningless hard work, which will make us grateful." Precious Jade replied quickly, "I have no idea about that. I'm afraid it's rumor, one might say." The butler gave a brittle laugh, "There's evidence. If I present it in front of the Master, Young Master would be embarrassed. You not knowing this man, how to explain the red kerchief hanging at your waist?" Upon hearing this, Precious Jade was frightened out of life, with eyes and mouth fixed. He thought to himself:--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
“这话他如何得知？他既连这样机密事都知道了，大约别的瞒他不过，不如打发他去了，免得再说出别的事来。”因说道：“大人既知他的底细，如何连他置买房舍这样大事倒不晓得了？听得说，他如今在东郊离城二十里有个什么紫檀堡，他在那里置了几亩田地，几间房舍。想是在那里，也未可知。”那长府官听了，笑道：“这样说，一定是在那里。我且去找一回，若有了便罢；若没有，还要来请教。”说着，便忙忙的告辞走了。贾政此时气得目瞪口歪，一面送那官员，一面回头命宝玉：“不许动！回来有话同你！”<br />
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“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that despite your knowledge with all these details, you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found in that locality; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must for be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave walked off with hurried step. Master Merchant was by this time so angry that his eyes stared, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not budge. “I have,” he said, “to ask you something on my return.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that you knowing all these details, but you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found there; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave with hurried step. Master Merchant is by this time so angry that glares, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not to budge. “I have,” he said, “something to ask you when return .”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 10:16, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
一直送那官员去了。才回身，忽见贾环带着几个小厮一阵乱跑，贾政喝命小厮：“给我快打！”贾环见了他父亲，吓得骨软筋酥，赶忙低头站住。贾政便问：“你跑什么？带着你的那些人都不管你，不知往那里去，由你野马一般！”喝叫：“跟上学的人呢？”贾环见他父亲甚怒，便乘机说道：“方才原不曾跑，只因从那井边一过，那井里淹死了一个丫头，我看人头这样大，身子这样粗，泡得实在可怕，所以才赶着跑了过来。”贾政听了，惊疑问道：“好端端，谁去跳井？我家从无这样事情，自祖宗以来，皆是宽柔待下。<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:35, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
大约我近年于家务疏懒，自然执事人操克夺之权，致使弄出这暴殒轻生的祸患。若外人知道，祖宗的颜面何在！”喝命：“叫贾琏、赖大来！”小厮们答应了一声，方欲去叫，贾环忙上前，拉住贾政袍襟，贴膝跪下，道：“父亲不用生气。此事除太太房里的人，别人一点也不知道，我听见我母亲说……”说到这句，便回头四顾一看；贾政知其意，将眼色一丢，小厮们明白，都往两边后面退去。贾环便悄悄说道：“我母亲告诉我说，宝玉哥哥前日在太太房里，拉着太太的丫头金钏儿，强奸不遂，打了一顿，金钏儿便赌气投井死了。”<br />
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I expect that I must of late have become remiss in my domestic affairs, and that the managers must have arrogated to themselves the right of domineering and so been the cause of bringing about such calamities as violent deaths and disregard of life. Were these things to reach the ears of people outside, what will become of the reputation of our seniors? Call Romance Merchant and Big Rely here!" he shouted. The servant-lads signified their obedience, with one voice. They were about to go and summon them, when Ring Merchant hastened to press forward. Grasping the lapel of Master Merchant's coat, and clinging to his knees, he knelt down. "Father, why need you be angry?" he said. "Excluding the people in Lady King's rooms, this occurrence is entirely unknown to any of the rest; and I have heard my mother mention...." At this point, he turned his head, and cast a glance in all four quarters. Master Merchant guessed his meaning, and made a sign with his eyes. The young boys grasped his purpose and drew far back on either side. Ring Merchant resumed his confidences in a low tone of voice. "My mother," he resumed, "told me that when brother Precious Jade was, the other day, in Lady King's apartments, he seized her servant-maid Golden Bracelet with the intent of raping her. That as he failed to carry out his design, he gave her a thrashing, which so exasperated Golden Bracelet that she threw herself into the well and committed suicide...."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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I expect that I must have become remiss in my domestic affairs and that the managers must have arrogated to themselves the right of domineering and so been the cause of bringing about such calamities as violent deaths and disregard for life. Were these things to reach the ears of people outside, what will become of the reputation of our seniors? Call Romance Merchant and Big Rely here!" he shouted. The servant-lads signified their obedience, with one voice. They were about to go and summon them when Ring Merchant hastened to press forward. Grasping the lapel of Master Merchant's coat, and clinging to his knees, he knelt down. "Father, why need you to be angry?" he said. "Excluding the people in Lady King's rooms, this occurrence is entirely unknown to any of the rest; and I have heard my mother has mentioned...." At this point, he turned his head and cast a glance in all four quarters. Master Merchant guessed his meaning and made a sign with his eyes. The young boy grasped his purpose and drew far back on either side. Ring Merchant resumed his confidence in a low tone of voice. "My mother," he resumed, "told me that when brother Precious Jade was, the other day, in Lady King's apartments, he seized her servant-maid Golden Bracelet with the intent of raping her. That as he failed to carry out his design, he gave her a thrashing, which so exasperated Golden Bracelet that she threw herself into the well and committed suicide...."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 14:44, 27 June 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220523_homework&diff=143720CULTURE2022 20220523 homework2022-05-30T02:20:46Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
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*[[CULTURE2022_20220509_homework|homework of session 12 for session 13 May 16]]<br />
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*[[CULTURE2022_20220523_homework|homework of session 14 for session 15 May 30]]<br />
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=Please write your homework directly here=<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
接着周瑞媳妇、吴新登媳妇、郑好时媳妇，这几个有年纪长往来的，听见宝玉挨了打，也都进来。袭人忙迎出来，悄悄的笑道：“婶娘们略来迟了一步，二爷睡着了。”说着，一面带他们到那边房里坐了，倒茶与他们吃。那几个媳妇子都悄悄的坐了一回，向袭人说：“等二爷醒了，你替我们说罢。”袭人答应了，送他们出去。刚要回来，只见王夫人使个婆子来口称：“太太叫一个跟二爷的人呢。”<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
袭人见说，想了一想，便回身悄悄的告诉晴雯、麝月、秋纹等人说：“太太叫人，你们好生在房里，我去了就来。”说毕，同那婆子一径出了园子，来至上房。王夫人正坐在凉榻上摇着芭蕉扇子，见他来了，说道：“你不管叫个谁来也罢了。又丢下他来了，谁伏侍他呢？”袭人见说，连忙陪笑回道：“二爷才睡安稳了，那四五个丫头，如今也好了，会伏侍二爷了，太太请放心。<br />
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After thinking about it for a while, Aroma turned to Qing Wen, She Yue and Qiu Wen and said in a whisper, "Madam is calling me, please stay here and I will come back soon." After saying that, she walked out of the garden with the old woman , arriving at the upper room. Lady King was sitting on the couch, shaking a plantain fan, when she came, Aroma said, "It doesn't matter who you call. But you left him there, and who's taking care of him?" "The second uncle just slept sweetly," she said. "Those maids are all right now. They are able to serve the second uncle.Please be relieved."<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
恐怕太太有什么话吩咐，打发他们来，一时听不明白，到耽误了事。”王夫人道：“也没甚话，白问问他这会子疼的怎么样？”袭人道：“宝姑娘送来的药，我给二爷敷上了，比先好些了。先疼的躺不稳，这会子都睡沉了，可见好些。”王夫人又问：“吃了什么没有？”袭人道：“老太太给的一碗汤，喝了两口，只嚷干渴，要吃酸梅汤。我想酸梅是个收敛东西，刚才挨打，又不许叫喊，自然急的热毒热血未免存在心里，<br />
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I'm afraid that Mistress has something to ask so I require them to be here. Little did I know that they can't understand the requirement and delay the time. Lady King said" It's not a big deal. Just ask him whether he is better now?" Aroma said" I've served him the medicine send by Lady Marshgrass, which makes him better than before. He was so hurt that he couldn't sleep before but now he could fall asleep, which shows the improvement." Lady King then asked" Did he eat something?" Aroma answered" He had the soup sent by Grandma but after having a few taste he argued that it was too dry that he wanted the plum syrup. I think that the plum is not the thing that he is supposed to take right now for he must be mad and wronged because he was beaten just now and wasn't allowed to screamed out,--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 03:40, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
倘或吃下这个去，激在心里，再弄出大病来，可怎么样？因此我劝了半天，才没吃。只拿那糖腌的玫瑰卤子和了，吃了小半碗，嫌吃絮了，不香甜。”王夫人道：“嗳哟，你何不早来和我说？前日有人送了几瓶子香露来，原要给他一点子的，我怕胡遭塌了，就没给；既是他嫌那玫瑰膏子絮烦，把这个拿两瓶子去，一碗水里，只用挑得一茶匙，就香的了不得呢。”说着，就唤彩云来：“把前日的那几瓶香露拿了来。”<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
袭人道：“只拿两瓶来罢，多也白遭塌；等不够，再来取，也是一样。”彩云听了，去了半日，果然拿了两瓶来，付与袭人。袭人看时，只见两个玻璃小瓶，却有三寸大小，上面螺丝银盖，鹅黄笺上写着“木樨清露”，那一个写着“玫瑰清露”。袭人笑道：“好尊贵东西！这么个小瓶儿，能有多少？”王夫人道：“那是进上的，你没看见鹅黄笺子？你好生替他收着，别遭塌了。”<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
袭人答应着，方要走时，王夫人又叫：“站着，我想起一句话来问你。”袭人忙又回来，王夫人见房内无人，便问道：“我恍惚听见宝玉今日捱打，是环儿在老爷跟前说了什么话，你可听见这个话没有？你要听见告诉我，我也不吵出来叫人知道是你说的。”袭人道：“我倒没听见这话，为二爷霸占着戏子，人家来和老爷要，为这个打的。”王夫人摇头说道：“也为这个，还有别的原故。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
袭人道：“别的原故，实在不知道了。今日大胆在太太跟前说句不知好歹的话，论理……”说了半截，却又咽住。王夫人道：“我有什么生气的，你只管说来。”袭人道：“太太别生气，我就说了。”王夫人道：“你说就是了。”袭人道：“论理我们二爷也得老爷教训教训，若老爷再不管，不知将来做出什么事来呢。”王夫人一闻此言，便合掌念声“阿弥陀佛”，由不得赶着袭人叫了一声：“我的儿！亏了你也明白这话，和我的心一样。<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
我何曾不知管儿子？先时你珠大爷在，我是怎么样管他，难道我如今倒不知管儿子了？只是有个原故：如今我想我已经五十岁的人了，通其剩了他一个，他又长得单弱，况且老太太宝贝似的，若管紧了他，倘或再有好歹，或是老太太气坏了，那时上下不安，岂不倒坏了，所以就纵坏了他。我常常掰着口儿说一阵，劝一阵，哭一阵，彼时他好过，后来还是不相干，端的吃了亏才罢。设若打坏了，将来我靠谁呢！”<br />
<br />
When do I fail to handle my son? How I disciplined my elder son, Bead Merchant, when he was still alive? Don't I know how to teach my son now? Maybe there is one reason: I have already 50 years old now with only one son who is thin and weak. In addition, old lady loves him so much that if anything happens to him or old lady is in a rage because of my puritanical control of him, no one can live peacefully. So, he has been quite spoiled. I often use all kinds of ways to teach him, sometimes by speaking, sometimes by persuasion, and other times by crying. He had been submissive for a while, but returned to be a handful again. He will not learn to be good unless suffers some loss. However, if you hit him injured or disabled, who could I rely on in the future?––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:48, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
说着，由不得滚下泪来。袭人见王夫人这般悲感，自己也不觉伤了心，陪着落泪。又道：“二爷是太太养的，太太岂不心疼；便是我们做下人的，伏侍一场，大家落个平安，也算是造化了。要这样起来，连平安都不能了。那一日那一时，我不劝二爷？只是再劝不醒。偏生那些人又肯亲近他，也怨不得他这样，总是我们劝的倒不好了。今日太太提起这话来，我还记挂着一件事，<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
每要来回太太，讨太太个主意，只是我怕太太疑心，不但我的话白说了，且连葬身之地都没了。”王夫人听了这话内中有因，忙问道：“我的儿！你只管说。近来我因听见众人背前面后都夸你，我只说你不过在宝玉身上留心，或是诸人跟前和气，这些小意思。谁知你方才和我说的话，全是大道理，正合我的心事。你有什么，只管说什么，只别叫别人知道就是了。”<br />
<br />
“I am told to reply to Grandma everytime, asking for ideas from her, which makes me be afraid that were Grandma suspicious of it, all of my effords would be in vain and I would die without a burial place.”Lady King smiled the reasons behind his words, hastening to say, “My son! Just say it out. Recent years I have been hearing that people are prasing you both in front of me and behind me, so I just tell you to watch out Precious Jade and be friendly with others, these sorts of trivial things. What you say just now turned out to be the great truth, which is in line with my worry. So just say what you want to say without hesitation. Be careful not to let it exposed to others.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 09:25, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
袭人道：“我也没什么别的说，我只想着讨太太一个示下，怎么变个法儿，以后竟还叫二爷搬出园外来住，就好了。”王夫人听了，吃一大惊，忙拉了袭人的手，问道：“宝玉难道和谁作怪了不成？”袭人连忙回道：“太太别多心，并没有这话。这不过是我的小见识：如今二爷也大了，里头姑娘们也大了，况且林姑娘宝姑娘又是两姨姑表姊妹，虽说是姊妹们，到底是男女之分，日夜一处，起坐不方便，由不得叫人悬心，<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
便是外人看着，也不像大家子的体统。俗语说的好，‘没事常思有事’，世上多少没头脑的事，多半因为无心中做出，有心人看见，当做有心事，反说坏了，只是预先不防着断然不好。二爷素日性格，太太是知道的。他又偏好在我们队里闹，倘或不防，前后错了一点半点，不论真假，人多口杂，那起小人的嘴，有什么避讳，心顺了，说的比菩萨还好；心不顺，就编的连畜生不如。<br />
<br />
Even others who witness, would think indecent. As the saying goes,"It's never too early to get ready for the inevitable." How many unitentional things in the world are fabricated as intentional ones by someone who has plots. Relaxing vigilance in advance is not good. Madam, you know the personality of the second young master. He prefers to play with us. If there's no safeguard, once he makes some mistakes, no matter which is true or false, these mean guys will make up rumors at will. If they are happy, they could glorify him better than Bodhisattva otherwise they could abuse him worse than animals.--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 07:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
二爷将来倘或有人说好，不过大家直过；设若叫人哼出一声不是来，我们不用说，粉身碎骨，罪有万重，都是平常小事，但后来二爷一生的声名品行，岂不完了？二则太太也难见老爷。俗语又说，‘君子防未然’，不如这会子防避的为是。太太事情多，一时固然想不到；我们想不到则可，既想到了，若不回明太太，罪越重了。近来我为这事，日夜悬心，又不好说与人，惟有灯知道罢了。”<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
王夫人听了这话，如雷轰电掣的一般，正触了金钏儿之事，心下越发感爱袭人不尽，忙笑道：“我的儿！你竟有这个心胸，想得这样周全。我何曾又不想到这里？只是这几次有事就忘了。你今日这一番话提醒了我，难为你成全我娘儿两个声名体面，真真我竟不知道你这样好罢了。你且去罢，我自有道理。只是还有一句话，你今既说了这样的话，我就把他交给你了，好歹留心，保全了他，就是保全了我，我自然不辜负你。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
袭人连声答应着去了。回来正值宝玉睡醒，袭人回明香露之事，宝玉喜不自禁，即命调来吃，果然香妙非常。因心下记挂着黛玉，满心里要打发人去，只是怕袭人，便设一法先使袭人往宝钗那里去借书。袭人去了，宝玉便命晴雯来，吩咐道：“你到林姑娘那里，看看他做什么呢。他要问我，只说我好了。”晴雯道：“白眉赤眼儿的，作什么去呢？到底说句话儿，也象一件事。”<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
宝玉道：“没有什么可说的。”晴雯道：“若不然或是送件东西，或是取件东西；不然，我去了，怎么样搭赸呢？”宝玉想了一想，便伸手拿了两条手帕子，撂与晴雯，笑道：“也罢，就说我叫你送这个给他去了。”晴雯道：“这又奇了，他要这半新不旧的两条帕子？他又要恼了，说你打趣他。”宝玉笑道：“你放心，他自然知道。”晴雯听了，只得拿了帕子，往潇湘馆来。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to him." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. He wants these two old handkerchiefs? He's annoyed again and says you tease him." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, he naturally knows." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 07:57, 25 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Precious Jade Merchant said, "there's nothing to say." Sunny Cloud Formation said, "if not, either send something or take something; otherwise, if I go, how can I take it?" Precious Jade Merchant thought for a moment, then reached out and took two handkerchiefs, put them down with Cloud Formation and said with a smile, "well, I told you to send this to her." Cloud Formation said, "it's strange. who wants these two old handkerchiefs? she is annoyed again and says you tease her." Precious Jade Merchant said with a smile, "don't worry, she will know." Hearing this, Cloud Formation took handkerchiefs and come to Bamboo Lodge.--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:18, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
只见春纤正在栏杆上晾手帕子，见他进来，忙摇手儿说：“睡下了。”晴雯走进来，满屋漆黑，并未点灯，黛玉已睡在床上，问：“是谁？”晴雯忙答道：“晴雯。”黛玉道：”做什么？”晴雯道：“二爷送手帕子来给姑娘。”黛玉听了，心中发闷，暗想：“做什么送手帕子来给我？”因问：“这帕子是谁送他的，必定是好的，叫他留着送别人罢，我这会不用这个。”晴雯笑道：“不是新的，就是家常旧的。”<br />
<br />
Seeing her hanging handkerchiefs to dry on the balustrade, Cloud Formation held up a finger to warn: “She has fallen sleep.”Cloud Formation slipped into the dark room with the light off. Mascara Jade Forest, lying on the bed, asked:“who is there?”“It is Cloud Formation.” “What is the matter?”“Precious Jade Merchant has sent you some handkerchiefs.” Why does he send me these? Mascara Jade Forest thought. “Where does he get these?” “They are unique. Tell him to send someone else, I do not need them.”“They're not new,”Cloud Formation replied. “he used them a lot.”--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 00:14, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
黛玉听了，越发闷往。细心搜求，一时方大悟过来，连忙说：“放下，去罢。”晴雯只得放了，抽身回去；一路盘算，不解何意。这林黛玉体贴出手帕子的意思来，不觉神魂驰荡：“宝玉这番苦心能领会我这番苦意，又令我可喜；我这番苦意，不知将来如何，又令我可悲；忽然好好的送两块帕子来，若不是领我深意，单看了这帕子，又令我可笑了。再想到私相传递，我又可惧；我自己每每好哭，想来也无味，又令我可愧。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
如此左思右想，一时五内沸然，由不得余意缠绵，便命掌灯，也想不起嫌疑避讳等事，研墨蘸笔，便向那两块旧帕上写道：眼空蓄泪泪空垂，暗洒闲抛却为谁？尺幅鲛绡劳惠赠，叫人焉得不伤悲！其二抛珠滚玉只偷潸，镇日无心镇日闲；枕上袖边难拂拭，任他点点与斑斑。其三彩线难收面上珠，湘江旧迹已模糊；窗前亦有千竿竹，不识香痕渍也无？林黛玉还要往下写时，觉得浑身火热，面上作烧，<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
走至镜台，揭起锦袱一照，只见腮上通红，真合压倒桃花，却不知病由此萌。一时方上床睡去，犹拿着帕子思索，不在话下。却说袭人来见宝钗，谁知宝钗不在园内，往他母亲那里去了。袭人不便空手回来，等至二更，宝钗方回来。原来宝钗素知薛蟠情性，心中已有一半疑薛蟠挑唆了人来告宝玉的，谁知又听袭人说出来，越发信了。究竟袭人是焙茗说的，那焙茗也是私心窥度，并未据实，大家都是一半猜度，一半据实，竟认准是他说的。<br />
<br />
Walking beside the mirror, she unveiled the cover and saw that her face was totally red which was even more beautiful than peach blossom but she did not know that was how the illness came. So she went to bed at that moment, thinking with handkerchief. Xiren came to see Baochai but she did not know that Baochai was not home and Baochai went to see her mother. It was not convenient for her to go back with her hand empty. Baochai did not come until two o'clock. Baochai always knew that Xuepan's quality so she suspected that it was him who incited someone to tell Baoyu. Moreover, she heard Xiren's words and believed it further. But Xiren was told by Beiming. She was guessing and had not confirm it. Everyone was not convinced and thought it was her who told the story.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 04:55, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
那薛蟠因素日有这个名声，其实这一次却不是他干的，被人生生的一口咬死是他，有口难分。这日正从外头吃了酒回来，见过母亲，只见宝钗在这里，说了几句闲话，因问：“听见宝兄弟吃了亏，是为什么？”薛姨妈正为这个不自在，见他问时，便咬着牙道：“不知好歹的冤家，都是你闹的，你还有睑来问！”薛蟠见说，便怔了，忙问道：“我何尝闹什么？”薛姨妈道：“你还装腔呢！人人都知道是你说的，还赖呢。”<br />
<br />
Because Dragon Marshgrass had a bad reputation，actually he hadn’t done it this time，but he was considered to be the one，he can hardly defend himself. That day he was coming back from drinking out，he greeted his mother and found Precious Jade Merchant here，he made a few polite remarks，then asked：“I heard that you，old sport，got screwed，why？” Aunt Marshgrass was in unpleasant for that，hearing that，she gritted her teeth and said，“You are really an ungrateful wretch，it’s all your fault，how dare you ask about this？” Dragon Marshgrass heard that，he became puzzled，and he quickly asked：“What did I do？” Aunt Marshgrass said，“Don’t come the raw prawn！Everyone said it is you said that，you’re still faking it！”[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 16:54, 29 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
薛蟠道：“人人说我杀了人，也就信了罢？”薛姨妈道：“连你妹妹都知道是你说的，难道他也赖你不成？”宝钗忙劝道：“妈妈和哥哥且别叫喊，消消停停的，就有个青红皂白了。”向薛蟠道：“是你说的也罢，不是你说的也罢，事情也过去了，不必较正，把小事弄大了。我只劝你，从此以后，少在外头胡闹，少管别人的事。天天一处大家胡??，你是个不防头的人，过后沒事就罢了，倘或有事，不是你干的，人人都也疑惑说是你干的。<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
不用别人，我先就疑惑你”。薛蟠本是个心直口快的人，见不得这样藏头露尾的事；又是宝钗劝他不要逛去，他母亲又说他犯舌，宝玉之打，是他治的，早已急得乱跳，赌神发誓的分辩。又骂众人：“谁这么编派我？我把那囚攮的牙敲了！分明是为打了宝玉，没的献勤儿，拿我来做幌子。难道宝玉是天王？他父亲打他一顿，一家子定要闹几天！那一回为他不好，姨父打了他两下子，<br />
<br />
<br />
"Don't doubt others, I doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't see such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was beaten because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 15:15, 26 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
"No need to doubt others, I’d doubt you first". Dragon Marshgrass was an outspoken man. He couldn't bear such a sneaky thing; It was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass who advised him not to go there again. His mother said that he talked a lot and that Precious Jade was kicked because of him. Therefore, he had been so anxious that he jumped around and swore to heaven. He also scolded the crowd: "who framed me like this? I knocked the teeth of the prisoner's child! Someone obviously beat Precious Jade. I don't know who to pay attention to and took me as a shield. Is Precious Jade the king of heaven? His father beat him, and the family will make trouble for a few days! That time, because he was bad, uncle beat him several times.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 14:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
过后儿老太太不知怎么知道了，说是珍大哥治的，好好的叫了去骂了一顿。今日越发拉上我了！既拉上我，也不怕；索性进去把宝玉打死了，我替他偿命，大家干净。”一面嚷，一面找起一根门闩来就跑。慌得薛姨妈拉住骂道：“作死的孽障，你打谁去？你先打我来！”薛蟠的眼急得铜铃一般，嚷道：“何苦来！又不叫我去，又好好的赖我。将来宝玉活一日，我耽一日的口舌，不如大家死了清净。”<br />
<br />
Just after that heaven knows what happened to the old lady, saying it was Precious Brother to blame and gave him a rough lesson.Now it just comes towards me! Since that, I am not afraid; You will be doing me a favor if beaten him to death. I would pay his life with my own, which would save trouble for you.” Saying, he ran forward with a latch. Aunt Marshgrass was frightened, pulling him and rebuking, “you son of bitch, who are you intend to beat? Beat me first!” Dragon Marshgrass eyes were so worried that he shouted, "why bother to come? Don't ask me to go, and rely on me well. In the future, if Precious Jade lives one day, I will lose one day's words. It's better for everyone to die ."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 15:10, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
宝钗忙也上前劝道：“你忍耐些儿罢。妈妈急的这个样儿，你不说来劝，你倒反闹得这样。别说是妈妈，便是旁人来劝你，也为你好，倒把你的性子劝上来。”薛蟠道：“你这会子又说这话。都是你说的！”宝钗道：“你只怨我说，再不怨你那顾前不顾后的形景。”薛蟠道：“你只会怨我顾前不顾后，你怎么不怨宝玉外头招风惹草的呢？别说别的，就拿前日琪官儿的事比给你们听：<br />
<br />
Baochai rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mom is so anxious,you didn't say anything to persuade.instead, you make trouble like this. Don't say it's your mother, even if someone else comes to persuade you, it's also for the goodness of you. But it is somehow incurring your bad temper." Xue Pan said: "You're saying this again now. It's all yours!" Baochai said: "You only blame me for saying it, and don't blame youself for being ignorant of the futurity. Xue Pan said: "You can only blame me for not caring about the futurity, why don't you blame Baoyu for causing trouble outside? Don't say anything else, let's Take the case of Qi Guan'er the day before yesterday and compare it to you.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:56, 27 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Precious Hairpin rushed forward and persuaded: "Just be patient. Mother is so mad, and you didn't say anything soothing. Instead, you make troubles like this. If it is not mother, but someone else comes to persuade you, for the goodness of you, it is somehow stirring your bad temper." Dragon Marshgrass said: "Now you are saying this! It is all because of you" Precious Hairpin said: "You only blame me for saying it out, but justify youself being ignorant of others and futurity." Dragon Marshgrads said: "You can only blame me for not caring about others and futurity. Why don't you say something Precious Jade's flirtation outside? Not to mention anything else, let's take that Actor Jade the day before yesterday and compare this:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:57, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那琪官儿我们见了十来次，他并未和我说一句亲热话，怎么前日他见了，连姓名还不知道，就把汗巾子给他？难道这也是我说的不成？”薛姨妈和宝钗急的说道：“还提这个！可不是为这个打他呢！可见是你说的了。”薛蟠道：“真真的气死人了！赖我说的我不恼，我只为一个宝玉闹的这么天翻地覆的。”宝钗道：“谁闹？你先持刀动仗的闹起来，倒说别人闹。”<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also say this?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who said it out." "How irritating! I won't be angry that you accuse me of doing this. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:44, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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We have seen that Actor Jade for more than ten times, and he didn't say anything intimate to me. How could it be that he knew not Precious Jade, but when several days ago they met he gave the handkerchief to him? Did I also make this up?" Infuriated, Aunt Marshgrass and Precious Hairpin said, "How dare you still mention this! This is exactly why Precious Jade got punished! Definitely it is you who gave it out." "How irritating! I wouldn't have been angry that you accuse me of making up the story. But the fact that the whole thing is turned inside out for Precious Jade really repulses me." Dragon Marshgrass said. Precious Hairpin continued, "Who is turning inside out? It is you who arm yourself to the teeth and start it! Now you are blaming others!"--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
薛蟠见宝钗说的话句句有理，难以驳正，比母亲的话反难回答，因此便要设法拿话堵回他去，就无人敢拦自己的话了；也因正在气头上，未曾想话之轻重，便道：“好妹妹，你不用和我闹，我早知道你的心了，从先妈妈和我说，你这金要拣有玉的才可配，你留了心，见宝玉有那劳什子，你自然如今行动护着他。”话未说了，把个宝钗气怔了，拉着薛姨妈哭道：“妈妈，你听哥哥说的是什么话！”<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, seeing that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it, and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, he was then about to think out language to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother told me before that for you with that gold, must be selectively coupled with a jade one. And having reminded this in your heart, and seen that Precious Jade has that trash thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass. “Mother,” she observed, “have you heard what brother says?”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass, feeling that every word of Precious Hairpin is so reasonable that he could hardly refute it and that her words were even harder for him to reply to than his mother’s, attempted to say something to silence her, so as to have no one bold enough to stop his speaking; but his temper being up, he didn’t weigh his speech. “Dear Sister!” he therefore said, “you needn’t be annoyed with me! I’ve long known your feelings. Mother has told me before with that gold, you must be selectively coupled with one with a jade. And having this in your heart and seeing that Precious Jade has a jade thing, you naturally now act to protect him…” Before he could finish, Precious Hairpin trembled with anger, and crying toward Mrs. Marshgrass.“Mother,” she cries, “have you heard what my brother said?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 02:09, 28 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
薛蟠见妹子哭了，便知自己冒撞，便赌气走到自己房里安歇不提。宝钗满心委屈气忿，待要怎样，又怕他母亲不安，少不得含泪别了母亲，各自回来，到房里整哭了一夜。次日一早起来，也无心梳洗，胡乱整理。便出来瞧母亲。可巧遇见黛玉，独立在花阴之下，问他：“那里去？’薛宝钗因说：“家去。”口里说着，便只管走。黛玉见他无精打彩的去了，又见眼上好似有哭泣之状，大非往日可比，便在后面笑道：“姐姐也自己保重些儿，就是哭出两缸泪来，也医不好棒疮！”不知薛宝钗如何答对，且听下回分解。<br />
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Dragon Marshgrass konws he has said something offensive as soon as seeing her sister crying,so he goes back to his own room without mentioning what he said while feeling wronged and acting rashly. Although wronged and raged, Precious Hairpin cares so heavily about her mother that she finally refrains from what she initially wants to do and leaves her mother with tears in her eyes. After she and her mother return separately, she crys all that night in her room. On the morrow, Precious Hairpin has no motivation to do makeup and just freshenes herself up hurriedly and casually after getting up. In her way to visit her mother, she meets Mascara Jade coincidentally, who stands alone in the shades of flowers and asks her,"Where are you going?"Precious Hairpin replies," To my mother's room." While she replies to Mascara Jade,her footsteps are still on. Seeing her in the blues and seeming like having cried that is told from her eyes, which make her extremely different from what she is normally, Mascara Jade derides her in the behind,"My elder sister,you'd better take care of yourself more delicately. Even if your tears could feed two crocks to the full,it is impossible to cure the marks from blows!" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's response is still unknown and will be unveiled in the next chapter.—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:27, 24 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
◎第三十五回白玉钏亲尝莲叶羹黄金莺巧结梅花络话说宝钗分明听见林黛玉克薄他，因记挂着母亲哥哥，并不回头，一径去了。这里林黛玉还是立于花阴之下，远远的却向怡红院内望着。只见李宫裁、迎春、探春、惜春并各项人等都向怡红院内去过之后，一起一起的散尽了；只不见凤姐儿来。心里自己盘算道：“如何他不来瞧宝玉？便是有事缠住了，他必定也是要来打个花胡哨，讨老太太、太太的好儿才是。今儿这早晚不来，必有原故。“<br />
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Jade Chuan White tastes too the lotus-leaf soup. Golden Oriole Yellow skillfully plaits the plum-blossom-knotted nets. Precious Hairpin had, our story goes, distinctly heard Mascara Jade Forest 's sneer, but in her eagerness to see her mother and brother, she did not so much as turn her head round, but continued straight on her way. During this time, Mascara Jade Forest halted under the shadow of the trees. Upon casting a glance, in the distance towards the Happy Red Court, she observed Li Kung-ts'ai, Spring Pleasure, Seeking-Spring, Chrishing-Spring and various inmates wending their steps in a body in the direction of the I Hung court; but after they had gone past, and company after company of them had dispersed, she only failed to see Sister Phoenix come. "How is it," she cogitated within herself, "that she doesn't come to see Precious Jade? Even supposing that there was some business to detain her, she should also have put in an appearance, so as to curry flavour with our venerable senior madames. But if she hasn't shown herself at this hour of the day, there must certainly be some cause or other."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 09:39, 26 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220516_homework&diff=143224CULTURE2022 20220516 homework2022-05-22T14:04:57Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
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=Please write your homework directly here=<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
话未说完，把个贾政气得面如金纸，大喝：“拿宝玉来！”面说，一面便往书房去，喝命：“今日再有人来劝我，我把这冠带家私一应就交与他与宝玉过去，我免不得做个罪人，把这几根烦恼鬓毛剃去，寻个干净去处自了，也免得上辱先人、下生逆子之罪！”众门客仆从见贾政这个形景，便知又是为宝玉了，一个个咬指吐舌，连忙退出。贾政喘吁吁直挺挺的坐在椅子上，满面泪痕，一叠连声：<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
“拿宝玉！拿大棍，拿绳捆上！把门都关上！有人传信到里头去，立刻打死！”众小厮们只得齐声答应着，有几个来找宝玉。那宝玉听见贾政吩咐他“不许动”，早知凶多吉少；那里知道贾环又添了许多的话？正在厅上旋转，怎得个人来往里头捎信，偏生没个人来，连焙茗也不知在那里。正盼望时，只见一个老妈妈出来，宝玉如得了珍宝，便赶上来拉他，说道：“快进去告诉：老爷要打我呢！快去，快去！要紧，要紧！”<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison, a few to look for Precious Jade. When he heard Master Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know Master Merchant had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and Bei Ming did not even know where he was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "go in to tell: master want to beat me! Quickly! It matters!"<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉则急了，说话不明白；二则老婆子偏生又耳聋，不曾听见是什么话，把“要紧”二字，只听做“跳井”二字，便笑道：“跳井让他跳去，二爷怕什么？”宝玉见是个聋子，便着急道：“你出去叫我的小厮来罢！”那婆子道：“有什么不了的事？老早的完了，太太又赏了银子，怎么不了事呢？”宝玉急得手脚正没抓寻处，只见贾政的小厮走来，逼着他出去了。贾政一见，眼都红了，<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence is about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:05, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence was about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:32, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
也不暇问他在外流荡优伶，表赠私物，在家荒疏学业，逼淫母婢，只喝命：“堵起嘴来，着实打死！”小厮们不敢违，只得将宝玉按在凳上，举起大板，打了十来下。宝玉自知不能讨饶，只是呜呜的哭。贾政还嫌打的轻，一脚踢开掌板的，自己夺过板子来，狠命的又打了十几下。宝玉生来末经过这样苦楚，起先觉得打的疼不过，还乱嚷乱哭，后来渐渐气弱声嘶，哽咽不出。<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
众门客见打的不祥了，赶着上来，恳求夺劝。贾政那里肯听？说道：“你们问问他干的勾当，可饶不可饶！素日皆是你们这些人把他酿坏了，到这步田地，还来劝解。明日酿到他弑父弑君，你们才不劝不成？”众人听这话不好听，知道气急了，忙乱着觅人进去给信。王夫人不敢先回贾母，只得忙穿衣出来，也不顾有人没人，忙忙扶了一个丫头，赶往书房中来。慌得众门客小厮等避之不及。<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
贾政方要再打，一见王夫人进来，更加火上浇油，那板子越下去的又狠又快。按宝玉的两个小厮，忙松手走开，宝玉早已动弹不得了。贾政还欲打时，早被王夫人抱住板子。贾敢道：“罢了，罢了！今日必定要气死我才罢！”王夫人哭道：“宝玉虽然该打，老爷也要保重。且炎暑天气，老太太身上又不大好，打死宝玉事小，倘或老太太一时不自在了，岂不事大？”贾政冷笑道：“倒休提这话！<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
我养了这不肖的孽障，我已不孝；平昔教训他一番，又有众人护持，不如趁今日结果了他的狗命，以绝将来之患！”说着，便要绳来勒死。王夫人连忙抱住哭道：“老爷虽然应当管教儿子，也要看夫妻分上。我如今已五十岁的人，只有这个孽障，必定苦苦的以他为法，我也不敢深劝。今日越发要他死了，岂不是有意绝我？既要勒死他，快拿绳先勒死我，再勒死他。我们娘儿们不如一同死了，在阴司里也得个倚靠。”<br />
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It is unfilial of me to have bred this unworthy brat; Better to take the life of his dog this day and put an end to the evil that is to come!" So saying, he asked for a rope to strangle him. Lady King quickly embraced her son and cried, "Although you should discipline your son, you should think of me. I am now 50 years old, only have this evil child, I must be bitter to his law, I dare not deeply counsel. Is it not his intention to reject me when he dies all the more today? If you want to strangle him, take the rope and strangle me first, then strangle him. Better we girls die together and have a place to rest in the shade."--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 05:38, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"I am unfilial to have bred this unworthy brat; since lots of people in this family are usually partial to him when I want to teach him a lesson, it is better to end his worthless life today to avoid the recipe for disaster!" Saying that, Master Merchant asked for a rope to strangle him to death. Lady King quickly held her son and cried, "My lord, although you should discipline your son, please think of me. I am now 50 years old with only one spoiled brat that I have to depend on. I dare not counsel you with more words. But it is deliberate way to force me to die, if you want him to die today? If you do want to strangle him, take the rope to strangle me first, then strangle him. It is better for us, a mother and a son, to die together, thus we can still depend on each other when we enter the nether world."--[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 11:25, 22 May 2022 (UTC) <br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
说毕，抱住宝玉，放声大哭起来。贾政听了此话，不觉长叹一声，向椅上坐了，泪如雨下。王夫人抱着宝玉，只见他面白气弱，底下穿着一条绿纱小衣，一片皆是血迹。禁不住解下汗巾去，由腿看至臀胫，或青或紫，或整或破，竟无一点好处，不觉失声大哭起“苦命的儿”来。因哭出“苦命儿”来，又想起贾珠来，便叫着贾珠，哭道：“若有你活着，便死一百个，我也不管了。”<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Heard that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred die."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 10:45, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Hearing that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred deaths."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
此时里面的人闻得王夫人出来，那李宫裁、王熙风与迎春姊妹早已出来了。王夫人哭着贾珠的名字，别人还可，惟有李宫裁禁不住也放声哭了。贾政听了，那泪更似走珠一般滚了下来。正没开交处，忽听丫鬟来说：“老太太来了。”一句话未了，只听窗外颤巍巍的声气说道：“先打死我，再打死他，岂不干净了！”贾政见他母亲来了，又急又痛，连忙迎出来。只见贾母扶着丫头，摇头喘气的走来。<br />
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Lady Wang's departure had roused the inner apartments ,and she had been, joined by Li Wan and Splendid Phoenix King as well as Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant. Jewel Mechant's name did not affect the others so much , but it reduced his widow to sobs. And the chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep more bitterly himself. Amids this commotion, a maid suddenly announced ,“ The old iady is coming !”And they heard her quavering voice outside the window ," Kill me first and then kill him , That will be no annoy. Master Merchant rose in dismay and distress to greet his mother , who entered leaning on a maid's arm , gasping for breath.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 12:35, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
贾政上前躬身陪笑说道：“大暑热天，母亲有何生气的自己走来，有话只叫儿子进去吩咐便了。”贾母听了，便止步喘息，一面厉声道：“你原来和我说话！我倒有话吩咐，只是我一生没养个好儿子，却叫我和谁说去！”贾政听这话不像，忙跪下含泪说道：“为儿的教训儿子，也为的是光宗耀祖。母亲这话，我做儿子的如何当得起？”贾母听说，便啐了一口，说道：“我说了一句话，你就禁不起！<br />
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Master Merchant bowed to her, faking a smile and adding, “What was it that caused Mother so vexed to come to my place in such a hot day. Mother just calls me and I’ll go into your place and apologize.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped and panted, scolding, “You still remember to talk to me. Of cause I have some errands of emergency. However, I spend my whole life in educating my son about filial piety but in vain. So I have no one to talk to.” Master Merchant felt that someing was wrong, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “I lectured my son for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors, as I myself is your son. How could I bear the burden when Mother said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “It was too vulnerable of you to break down since I just said no more than one sentence.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
你那样下死手的板子，难道宝玉就禁得起了？你说教训儿子是光宗耀祖，当日你父亲怎么教训你来！”说着，也不觉滚下泪来。贾政又陪笑道：“母亲也不必伤感，皆是做儿子的一时性急，从此以后，再不打他了。”贾母便冷笑几声道：“你也不必和我赌气，你的儿子，自然你要打就打。想来你也厌烦我们娘儿们，不如我们早离了你，大家干净！”说着，便命人：“去看轿！我和你太太、宝玉立刻回南京去。”<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
家下人只得答应着。贾母又叫王夫人道：“你也不必哭了，如今宝玉年纪小，你疼他；他将来长大，为官作宦的，也未必想着你是他母亲了。你如今倒不要疼他，只怕将来还少生一口气呢！”贾政听说，忙叩头说道：“母亲如此说，儿子无立足之地了！”贾母冷笑道：“你分明使我无立足之地，你反说起你来！只是我们回去了，你心里干净，看有谁来不许你打。”一面说，一面只命：“快打点行李车辆轿马叫去！”<br />
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The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 04:17, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
贾政直挺挺跪着，叩头认罪。贾母一面说，一面来看宝玉，只见今日这顿打，不比往日，又是心疼，又是生气，也抱着哭个不了。王夫人与凤姐等解劝了一会，方渐渐的止住。早有丫鬟媳妇等，上来要搀宝玉，凤姐便骂：“糊涂东西！也不睁开眼瞧瞧，这个样儿，如何搀着走得？这不快进去把那藤屉子春凳抬出来呢！”众人听了，连忙进去，果然抬出春凳来，将宝玉抬放凳上，随着贾母王夫人等进去，送至贾母房中。<br />
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Jia Zheng knelt straight. As saying, Grandma hurried to see Precious Jade. Seeing that this beating is harsher than ever, she felt heartbreaking and angry and hug her grandson crying, too. She was only gradually calming down by the comforting of Lady King and Wang Xifeng. The maids waiting aside tried to raise Precious Jade to his feet. “Idiots!”said Xifeng, “Do not you have eyes? How could he be raised with such a state! Go and get the wicker summer-bed and put him on that!” The servants hurried in and put Precious Jade on that summer-bed, then send him in to Grandma’s room with Grandma and Xifeng.--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:32, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
彼时贾政见贾母怒气未消，不敢自便，也跟着进来。看看宝玉果然打重了，再看看王夫人一声“肉”一声“儿”的哭道：“你替珠儿早死了，留着珠儿，也免你父亲生气，我也不白操这半世的心了。这会子你倘或有个好歹，丢下我，叫我靠那一个？”数落一场，又哭“不争气的儿”。贾政听了，也就灰心自己不该下毒手打到如此地步。先劝贾母，贾母含泪说道：“儿子不好，原是要管的，不该打到这个分儿。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
你不出去，还在这里做什么！难道于心不足，还要眼看着他死了才去不成？”贾政听说，方退了出来。此时薛姨妈同宝钗、香菱、袭人、史湘云等也都在这里。袭人满心委屈，只不好十分使出来。见众人围着，灌水的灌水，打扇的打扇，自己插不下手去，便索性走出门，到二门前，命小厮们找了焙茗来细问：“方才好端端的，为什么打起来？你也不早来透个信儿！”<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
焙茗急的说：“偏生我没在跟前，打到中间，我才听见了，忙打听原故，却是为琪官同金钏姐姐的事。”袭人道：“老爷怎么知道的？”焙茗道：“那琪官的事，多半是薛大爷素昔吃醋，没法儿出气，不知在外头挑唆了谁来，在老爷跟前下的火。那金钏儿的事，大约是三爷说的，我也是听见跟老爷的人说。”袭人听了这两件事都对景，心中也就信了八九分，然后回来，只见众人都替宝玉疗治调停完备。<br />
<br />
Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw that everyone had healed and mediated for Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 00:22, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
贾母命：“好生抬到他房内去。”众人一声答应，七手八脚，忙把宝玉送入怡红院内自己床上卧好，又乱了半日，众人渐渐散去，袭人方进前来，经心服侍，问他端的，且听下回分解。◎第三十四回情中情因情感妹妹错里错以错劝哥哥话说袭人见贾母王夫人等去后，便走来宝玉身边坐下，含泪问他：“怎么就打到这步田地？”宝玉叹气说道：“不过为那些事，问他做什么！只是下半截疼得很，你瞧瞧，打坏了那里？”<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
袭人听说，便轻轻的伸手进去，将中衣脱下，略动一动，宝玉便咬着牙叫“嗳哟”，袭人连忙停住手：如此三四次，才褪下来了。袭人看时，只见腿上半段青紫，都有四指阔的僵痕高了起来。袭人咬着牙说道：“我的娘！怎么下这般的狠手！你但凡所我一句话，也不到得这步地位。幸而没动筋骨，倘或打出个残疾来，可叫人怎么样呢？”正说着，只听丫鬟们说：“宝姑娘来了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
袭人听见，知道穿不及中衣，便拿了一床夹纱被，替宝玉盖了。只见宝钗手里托着一丸药走进来，向袭人说道：“晚上把这药用酒研开，替他敷上，把那淤血的热毒散开，可以就好了。”说毕，递与袭人。又问：“这会子可好些？”宝玉一面道谢，说：“好些了。”又让坐。宝钗见他睁开眼说话，不像先时，心中也宽慰了好些，便点头叹道：“早听人一句话，也不至有今日。<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
别说老太太、太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也……”刚说了半句，又忙咽住，自悔说的话太急了，不觉红了脸，低下头来。宝玉听得这话如此亲切稠密，大有深意；忽见他又咽住，不往下说，红了脸，低下头，只管弄衣带，那一种娇羞怯怯，竟难以言语形容，越觉心中感动，将疼痛早已丢在九霄云外去了。想道：“我不过挨了几下打，他们一个个就有这些怜惜之态，令人可亲可敬。<br />
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Not to say Grandma Merchant is that we look, heart also ...... "just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more I feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. I thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 10:42, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
假若我一时竟遭殃横死，他们还不知何等悲感呢！既是他们这样，我便一时死了，得他们如此，一生事业，纵然尽付东流，也无足叹惜矣。”正想着，只听宝钗问袭人道：“怎么好好的动了气，就打起来了？”袭人便把培茗的话说出来了。宝玉原来还不知贾环的话，见袭人说出，方才知道；因又拉上薛蟠，惟恐宝钗沉心，忙又止住袭人道：“薛大哥从来不这样的，你们别混猜度。”<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝钗听说，便知宝玉是怕他多心，用话拦袭人。因心中暗暗想道：“打得这个形象，疼还顾不过来，还这样细心，怕得罪了人。你既这样用心，何下在外头大事上做工夫，老爷也欢喜了，也不能吃这样亏。你虽然怕我沉心，所以拦袭人的话，难道我就不知我哥哥素日恣心纵欲、毫无防范的那种心性？当日为一个秦钟，还闹的天翻地覆，自然如今比先又加利害了。”<br />
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Upon hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent her worrying too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 10:13, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
想毕，因笑道：“你们也不必怨这个怨那个，据我想，到底宝兄弟素日肯和那些人来往，老爷才生气。就是我哥哥说话不防头，一时说出宝兄弟来，也不是有心挑唆：一则也是本来的实话；二则他原不理论这些防赚小事。袭姑娘从小儿只见过宝兄弟这样细心人，你何尝见过我哥哥那天不怕地不怕、心里有什么口里说什么的人呢？”袭人因说出薛蟠来，见宝玉拦他的话，早已明白自己说造次了，恐宝钗没意思；<br />
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After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass thought about it, Laughing: "You don't have to complain about this or that. I think it's because Precious Jade brothers usually like to associate with those people, so the master is angry. Even if my brother speaks freely, he doesn't mean to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth; second, he doesn't care about these small things. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 05:28, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Figured it out, he laughed and said: "You don't have to complain about others. I supposed it's my brother Precious Jade’s association with those people that bothered our master. Even if my brother lacks a cautious to keep the secret, he won’t be meant to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth afterall; second, he doesn't care about these trivial matters. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
听宝钗如此说，更觉羞愧无言。宝玉又听宝钗这番一半是堂皇正大，一半是去己的疑心，更觉比先心动神移。方欲说话时，只见宝钗起身说道：“明日再来看你，好生养着罢。方才我拿了药来，交给袭人，晚上敷上，管就好了。”说着，便走出门去。袭人赶着送出院外，说：“姑娘倒费心了。改日宝二爷好了，亲自来谢了。”宝钗回头笑道：“有什么谢处？你只劝他好生静养，别胡思乱想的就好。<br />
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Aroma couldn’t feel more shamed to hear this and Precious Jade was even more sparked for learning the decency and the equally balanced assurance in Precious Hairpin’s words. Before Precious Jade intended to speak, Precious Hairpin stand up and said, “Have a good rest and I will see you tomorrow. I had handed the medicine I brought with to Aroma. You’ll be alright after using it at night.” Saying, Precious Hairpin walked out of the door. Aroma hurried to attend her outside the Abbey and said, “We really appreciate your caring. Our lord will acknowledge you in person after his recovery.” Precious Hairpin smiled, “No need for you to offer thanks. My advice would only be his enough rest without a bee in his head.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:27, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
要想什么吃的玩的，悄悄的往我那里去取了，不必惊动老太太、太太众人。倘或吹到老爷耳朵里，虽然彼时不怎么样，将来对景，终是要吃亏的。”说着去了。袭人抽身回来，心内着实感激宝钗。进来见宝玉沉思默默，似睡非睡的模样，因而退出房外栉沐。宝玉默默的躺在床上，无奈臀上作痛，如针挑刀挖一般，更热如火炙，略展转时，禁不住“嗳哟”之声。<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with,just go to my room and fetch them.remember do not disturb the ladies.But if the lord have konwn it,though I don't know how it is in the present ,you would come to a grief sometime in the future."he stops speaking and walks away.Attackers frees herself and comes back ,with many gratitudes for Precious Jade in her heart.coming in and seeing Precious Jade medidating tranquilly in a sleepy not sleeping state,She steps back out of the room to freshen up.Precious Jade lay in bed silently.Suddenly,he feels a pang of stitching and burning pain in his haunch.turning overing slightly,he can not help letting out a cry:"Yaa-hoo"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 04:46, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with, just go to my place, and no need to disturb the ladies. If the Lord knows it, though there is no trouble in the present, you would come to a grief sometime in the future." She said this and walked out. Aroma freed herself to come back, and felt grateful for Precious Hairpin. Seeing Precious Jade medidating in a sleepy stupor, Aroma exited the room to freshen up. Precious Jade lay in bed silently when a sudden pang of stitching and burning pain seized him in his haunch. He turned over and could not help letting out a cry "Aye-aye."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那时天色将晚，因见袭人去了，却有两三个丫鬟伺侯，此时并无呼唤之事，因说道：“你们且去梳洗，等我叫时再来。”众人听了，也都退出。这里宝玉昏昏默默，只见蒋玉函走了进来，诉说忠顺府拿他之事；一时又见金钏儿进来，哭说为他投井之情。宝玉半梦半醒，都不在意。忽又觉有人推他，恍恍惚惚，听得有人悲切之声。宝玉从梦中惊醒，睁眼一看，不是别人，却是林黛玉。<br />
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Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed. When I call you you come then." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler of Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, feeling someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not someone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:15, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
犹恐是梦，忙又将身子欠起来，向脸上细细一认，只见他两个眼睛肿得桃儿一般，满面泪光，不是黛玉，却是那个？宝玉还欲看时，怎奈下半截疼痛难禁，支持不住，便“嗳哟”一声，仍旧倒下，叹了一声，说道：“你又做什么来？虽然太阳落下去，那地上的余热未散，倘又受了暑呢，我虽然捱了打，并不觉疼痛。我这个样儿是装出来哄他们，好在外头布散与老爷听。其实是假的，你不可信真。”<br />
Fearing that it was only a dream, he promptly raised himself, and scrutinized her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it is not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply that finding it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lay himself down again and heaved a sigh. “What do you once more come here for?” he asked. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pains or aches. I behave in this fashion only to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Fearing that it is only a dream, he promptly raises himself, and scrutinizes her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it was not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade has meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply , making it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lies himself down again and heaves a sigh. “What do you come here again for?” he asks. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pain . I pretend so to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
此时林黛玉虽不是嚎啕大哭，然越是这等无声之泣，气噎喉堵，更觉利害。听了宝玉这番话，心中虽有万句言词，只是不能说得，半日，方抽抽噎噎的说道：“你从此可都改了罢！”宝玉听说，便长叹一声道：“你放心，别说这样话。我便为这些人死了，也是情愿的。”一句话未了，只见院外人说：“二奶奶来了。”林黛玉便知是凤姐来了，连忙立起身，说道：“我从后院子里去罢，回来再来。”<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:22, 17 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉一把拉住，道：“这又奇了。好好的怎么怕起他来？”林黛玉急得跺脚，悄悄的说道：“你瞧瞧我的眼睛，又该他们取笑儿开心了。”宝玉听说，赶忙的放了手。黛玉三步两步转过床后，刚出了后院，凤姐从前头已进来了。问宝玉：“可好些了？想什么吃？叫人往我那里取去？”接着薛姨妈又来了。一时贾母又打发了人来。至掌灯时分，宝玉只喝了两口汤，便昏昏沉沉的睡去。</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220516_homework&diff=143223CULTURE2022 20220516 homework2022-05-22T14:01:21Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
话未说完，把个贾政气得面如金纸，大喝：“拿宝玉来！”面说，一面便往书房去，喝命：“今日再有人来劝我，我把这冠带家私一应就交与他与宝玉过去，我免不得做个罪人，把这几根烦恼鬓毛剃去，寻个干净去处自了，也免得上辱先人、下生逆子之罪！”众门客仆从见贾政这个形景，便知又是为宝玉了，一个个咬指吐舌，连忙退出。贾政喘吁吁直挺挺的坐在椅子上，满面泪痕，一叠连声：<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
“拿宝玉！拿大棍，拿绳捆上！把门都关上！有人传信到里头去，立刻打死！”众小厮们只得齐声答应着，有几个来找宝玉。那宝玉听见贾政吩咐他“不许动”，早知凶多吉少；那里知道贾环又添了许多的话？正在厅上旋转，怎得个人来往里头捎信，偏生没个人来，连焙茗也不知在那里。正盼望时，只见一个老妈妈出来，宝玉如得了珍宝，便赶上来拉他，说道：“快进去告诉：老爷要打我呢！快去，快去！要紧，要紧！”<br />
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"Bring Precious Jade here! Get the big stick and tie him with the rope! Shut the doors! If anyone inside sends a message, kill him at once!" All the servants had to agree in unison, a few to find Precious Jade. When he heard Politic Merchant say, "Don't move," he knew he would be in trouble. And he didn't know jia Huan had a lot to swear at him. He was delivering messages to the rest of the class in the hall, but no one came, and I did not even know where the tea was. When looking around,he see an old nanny come out, whom he treat as treasure, Precious Jade catch up to pull her and say: "go in to tell: master want to beat me! Quickly! It matters!"<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉则急了，说话不明白；二则老婆子偏生又耳聋，不曾听见是什么话，把“要紧”二字，只听做“跳井”二字，便笑道：“跳井让他跳去，二爷怕什么？”宝玉见是个聋子，便着急道：“你出去叫我的小厮来罢！”那婆子道：“有什么不了的事？老早的完了，太太又赏了银子，怎么不了事呢？”宝玉急得手脚正没抓寻处，只见贾政的小厮走来，逼着他出去了。贾政一见，眼都红了，<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence is about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:05, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade then became anxious and couldn't get him across; And the old lady by coincidence was about to be deaf and so she couldn't hear him clearly. Taking the word "important" as the word "jump into the well", she laughed "Just let him jump if he wanted! What does the second master fear!" Precious Jade then knew that she is deaf so he required impatiently "You go and call my servant here!" The old lady said "Every thing has it's ending. This thing has ended long time ago! And Grandma Merchant has already grant sliver, so why can't it end ?" Precious Jade was then very anxious that he couldn't find someone to unbossom himself. So when the servant of master merchant came, he forced him to go outside. Master merchant caught sight of it and became very mad.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:32, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
也不暇问他在外流荡优伶，表赠私物，在家荒疏学业，逼淫母婢，只喝命：“堵起嘴来，着实打死！”小厮们不敢违，只得将宝玉按在凳上，举起大板，打了十来下。宝玉自知不能讨饶，只是呜呜的哭。贾政还嫌打的轻，一脚踢开掌板的，自己夺过板子来，狠命的又打了十几下。宝玉生来末经过这样苦楚，起先觉得打的疼不过，还乱嚷乱哭，后来渐渐气弱声嘶，哽咽不出。<br />
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He didn’t blame Precious Jade Merchant who outside acquainted with an actor and exchanged private thing with him, besides inside neglected his studies and made the maids of his mother prostitute. He scolded, “Jamming his mouth and you bat him heavily!” Servants had no choice but to put Precious Jade upon the desk, rise the plank and beat several times. Precious Jade knew that he couldn’t give in and cry in anguish. Policy Merchant was discontent with servant’s gentleness, kicking the one off, seized the plank and beat Precious Jade lethally. Precious Jade didn’t suffer such roughness. At first, he felt so painful that he cried out. Then generally his breath shortened even seemingly lost.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
众门客见打的不祥了，赶着上来，恳求夺劝。贾政那里肯听？说道：“你们问问他干的勾当，可饶不可饶！素日皆是你们这些人把他酿坏了，到这步田地，还来劝解。明日酿到他弑父弑君，你们才不劝不成？”众人听这话不好听，知道气急了，忙乱着觅人进去给信。王夫人不敢先回贾母，只得忙穿衣出来，也不顾有人没人，忙忙扶了一个丫头，赶往书房中来。慌得众门客小厮等避之不及。<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
贾政方要再打，一见王夫人进来，更加火上浇油，那板子越下去的又狠又快。按宝玉的两个小厮，忙松手走开，宝玉早已动弹不得了。贾政还欲打时，早被王夫人抱住板子。贾敢道：“罢了，罢了！今日必定要气死我才罢！”王夫人哭道：“宝玉虽然该打，老爷也要保重。且炎暑天气，老太太身上又不大好，打死宝玉事小，倘或老太太一时不自在了，岂不事大？”贾政冷笑道：“倒休提这话！<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
我养了这不肖的孽障，我已不孝；平昔教训他一番，又有众人护持，不如趁今日结果了他的狗命，以绝将来之患！”说着，便要绳来勒死。王夫人连忙抱住哭道：“老爷虽然应当管教儿子，也要看夫妻分上。我如今已五十岁的人，只有这个孽障，必定苦苦的以他为法，我也不敢深劝。今日越发要他死了，岂不是有意绝我？既要勒死他，快拿绳先勒死我，再勒死他。我们娘儿们不如一同死了，在阴司里也得个倚靠。”<br />
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It is unfilial of me to have bred this unworthy brat; Better to take the life of his dog this day and put an end to the evil that is to come!" So saying, he asked for a rope to strangle him. Lady King quickly embraced her son and cried, "Although you should discipline your son, you should think of me. I am now 50 years old, only have this evil child, I must be bitter to his law, I dare not deeply counsel. Is it not his intention to reject me when he dies all the more today? If you want to strangle him, take the rope and strangle me first, then strangle him. Better we girls die together and have a place to rest in the shade."--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 05:38, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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"I am unfilial to have bred this unworthy brat; since lots of people in this family are usually partial to him when I want to teach him a lesson, it is better to end his worthless life today to avoid the recipe for disaster!" Saying that, Master Merchant asked for a rope to strangle him to death. Lady King quickly held her son and cried, "My lord, although you should discipline your son, please think of me. I am now 50 years old with only one spoiled brat that I have to depend on. I dare not counsel you with more words. But it is deliberate way to force me to die, if you want him to die today? If you do want to strangle him, take the rope to strangle me first, then strangle him. It is better for us, a mother and a son, to die together, thus we can still depend on each other when we enter the nether world."--[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 11:25, 22 May 2022 (UTC) <br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
说毕，抱住宝玉，放声大哭起来。贾政听了此话，不觉长叹一声，向椅上坐了，泪如雨下。王夫人抱着宝玉，只见他面白气弱，底下穿着一条绿纱小衣，一片皆是血迹。禁不住解下汗巾去，由腿看至臀胫，或青或紫，或整或破，竟无一点好处，不觉失声大哭起“苦命的儿”来。因哭出“苦命儿”来，又想起贾珠来，便叫着贾珠，哭道：“若有你活着，便死一百个，我也不管了。”<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Heard that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred die."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 10:45, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After saying that, Lady King put her arms around Precious Jade, crying loudly. Hearing that, with a unconscious sign, Master Merchant sat on the chair, and then tears were pouring down his face. Holding Precious Jade, Lady King found he had a pale complexion and was almost out of breath. Lady King couldn't help to untying the Hanjin of Precious Jade after she saw his green-yarn underwear was soaked through by blood. When she discovered that from he was covered in bumps and bruises from his legs to his buttocks, Lady king suddenly broke down and wept, "My poor son!" Then, she thought of her another poor kid—Bead Merchant, so she began to call the name of Bead Merchant, and cried,"If you were alive, I would not be worried even one hundred deaths."--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 11:10, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
此时里面的人闻得王夫人出来，那李宫裁、王熙风与迎春姊妹早已出来了。王夫人哭着贾珠的名字，别人还可，惟有李宫裁禁不住也放声哭了。贾政听了，那泪更似走珠一般滚了下来。正没开交处，忽听丫鬟来说：“老太太来了。”一句话未了，只听窗外颤巍巍的声气说道：“先打死我，再打死他，岂不干净了！”贾政见他母亲来了，又急又痛，连忙迎出来。只见贾母扶着丫头，摇头喘气的走来。<br />
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Lady Wang's departure had roused the inner apartments ,and she had been, joined by Li Wan and Splendid Phoenix King as well as Spring Pleasure Merchant and Seeking-Spring Merchant. Jewel Mechant's name did not affect the others so much , but it reduced his widow to sobs. And the chorus of lamentation made Master Merchant weep more bitterly himself. Amids this commotion, a maid suddenly announced ,“ The old iady is coming !”And they heard her quavering voice outside the window ," Kill me first and then kill him , That will be no annoy. Master Merchant rose in dismay and distress to greet his mother , who entered leaning on a maid's arm , gasping for breath.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 12:35, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
贾政上前躬身陪笑说道：“大暑热天，母亲有何生气的自己走来，有话只叫儿子进去吩咐便了。”贾母听了，便止步喘息，一面厉声道：“你原来和我说话！我倒有话吩咐，只是我一生没养个好儿子，却叫我和谁说去！”贾政听这话不像，忙跪下含泪说道：“为儿的教训儿子，也为的是光宗耀祖。母亲这话，我做儿子的如何当得起？”贾母听说，便啐了一口，说道：“我说了一句话，你就禁不起！<br />
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Master Merchant bowed to her, faking a smile and adding, “What was it that caused Mother so vexed to come to my place in such a hot day. Mother just calls me and I’ll go into your place and apologize.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchant stopped and panted, scolding, “You still remember to talk to me. Of cause I have some errands of emergency. However, I spend my whole life in educating my son about filial piety but in vain. So I have no one to talk to.” Master Merchant felt that someing was wrong, hastening to kneel down and exclaimed with tears, “I lectured my son for the purpose of glorifying and illuminating the ancestors, as I myself is your son. How could I bear the burden when Mother said such words.” Hearing this, Grandma Merchan spat and uttered, “It was too vulnerable of you to break down since I just said no more than one sentence.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
你那样下死手的板子，难道宝玉就禁得起了？你说教训儿子是光宗耀祖，当日你父亲怎么教训你来！”说着，也不觉滚下泪来。贾政又陪笑道：“母亲也不必伤感，皆是做儿子的一时性急，从此以后，再不打他了。”贾母便冷笑几声道：“你也不必和我赌气，你的儿子，自然你要打就打。想来你也厌烦我们娘儿们，不如我们早离了你，大家干净！”说着，便命人：“去看轿！我和你太太、宝玉立刻回南京去。”<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
家下人只得答应着。贾母又叫王夫人道：“你也不必哭了，如今宝玉年纪小，你疼他；他将来长大，为官作宦的，也未必想着你是他母亲了。你如今倒不要疼他，只怕将来还少生一口气呢！”贾政听说，忙叩头说道：“母亲如此说，儿子无立足之地了！”贾母冷笑道：“你分明使我无立足之地，你反说起你来！只是我们回去了，你心里干净，看有谁来不许你打。”一面说，一面只命：“快打点行李车辆轿马叫去！”<br />
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The servants had to echo. Grandma Merchant talked to Lady King,"Don't cry. When Precious Jade is young, you spoil him. But when he grow up in the future, being an official, he may not care about you, his natural mother. Now you'd better not care about him. Then you will be less angry in the future." Merchant Zheng kneeled immediately to say," What you say let me ashamed!" Grandma Merchant sneered,"It is you that let me ashamed! How dare you say that! You will feel peaceful without our presence. Then who are dare to stop you hit him!" Saying that, she ordered,"Pack and prepare carriage now! Hurry up!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 04:17, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
贾政直挺挺跪着，叩头认罪。贾母一面说，一面来看宝玉，只见今日这顿打，不比往日，又是心疼，又是生气，也抱着哭个不了。王夫人与凤姐等解劝了一会，方渐渐的止住。早有丫鬟媳妇等，上来要搀宝玉，凤姐便骂：“糊涂东西！也不睁开眼瞧瞧，这个样儿，如何搀着走得？这不快进去把那藤屉子春凳抬出来呢！”众人听了，连忙进去，果然抬出春凳来，将宝玉抬放凳上，随着贾母王夫人等进去，送至贾母房中。<br />
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Jia Zheng knelt straight. As saying, Grandma hurried to see Precious Jade. Seeing that this beating is harsher than ever, she felt heartbreaking and angry and hug her grandson crying, too. She was only gradually calming down by the comforting of Lady King and Wang Xifeng. The maids waiting aside tried to raise Precious Jade to his feet. “Idiots!”said Xifeng, “Do not you have eyes? How could he be raised with such a state! Go and get the wicker summer-bed and put him on that!” The servants hurried in and put Precious Jade on that summer-bed, then send him in to Grandma’s room with Grandma and Xifeng.--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 15:32, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
彼时贾政见贾母怒气未消，不敢自便，也跟着进来。看看宝玉果然打重了，再看看王夫人一声“肉”一声“儿”的哭道：“你替珠儿早死了，留着珠儿，也免你父亲生气，我也不白操这半世的心了。这会子你倘或有个好歹，丢下我，叫我靠那一个？”数落一场，又哭“不争气的儿”。贾政听了，也就灰心自己不该下毒手打到如此地步。先劝贾母，贾母含泪说道：“儿子不好，原是要管的，不该打到这个分儿。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
你不出去，还在这里做什么！难道于心不足，还要眼看着他死了才去不成？”贾政听说，方退了出来。此时薛姨妈同宝钗、香菱、袭人、史湘云等也都在这里。袭人满心委屈，只不好十分使出来。见众人围着，灌水的灌水，打扇的打扇，自己插不下手去，便索性走出门，到二门前，命小厮们找了焙茗来细问：“方才好端端的，为什么打起来？你也不早来透个信儿！”<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
焙茗急的说：“偏生我没在跟前，打到中间，我才听见了，忙打听原故，却是为琪官同金钏姐姐的事。”袭人道：“老爷怎么知道的？”焙茗道：“那琪官的事，多半是薛大爷素昔吃醋，没法儿出气，不知在外头挑唆了谁来，在老爷跟前下的火。那金钏儿的事，大约是三爷说的，我也是听见跟老爷的人说。”袭人听了这两件事都对景，心中也就信了八九分，然后回来，只见众人都替宝玉疗治调停完备。<br />
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Junger Dienstbote said anxiously, "it's just that I didn't come. I heard it when I come into the middle. Busily asking about the reason, it's about sister Fine Jade and Golden Bracelet. Aroma: "how did the master know?" Junger Dienstbote said, "the matter about Fine Jade is that uncle Xue used to be jealous and couldn't vent his anger who instigated the fire in front of the master. The matter about Golden Bracelet was said by the third master, and I heard it from the people who told the master." After hearing that both of these two things were reasonable, Aroma nearly believed in her heart. Then she came back and saw that everyone had healed and mediated for Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 00:22, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
贾母命：“好生抬到他房内去。”众人一声答应，七手八脚，忙把宝玉送入怡红院内自己床上卧好，又乱了半日，众人渐渐散去，袭人方进前来，经心服侍，问他端的，且听下回分解。◎第三十四回情中情因情感妹妹错里错以错劝哥哥话说袭人见贾母王夫人等去后，便走来宝玉身边坐下，含泪问他：“怎么就打到这步田地？”宝玉叹气说道：“不过为那些事，问他做什么！只是下半截疼得很，你瞧瞧，打坏了那里？”<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
袭人听说，便轻轻的伸手进去，将中衣脱下，略动一动，宝玉便咬着牙叫“嗳哟”，袭人连忙停住手：如此三四次，才褪下来了。袭人看时，只见腿上半段青紫，都有四指阔的僵痕高了起来。袭人咬着牙说道：“我的娘！怎么下这般的狠手！你但凡所我一句话，也不到得这步地位。幸而没动筋骨，倘或打出个残疾来，可叫人怎么样呢？”正说着，只听丫鬟们说：“宝姑娘来了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
袭人听见，知道穿不及中衣，便拿了一床夹纱被，替宝玉盖了。只见宝钗手里托着一丸药走进来，向袭人说道：“晚上把这药用酒研开，替他敷上，把那淤血的热毒散开，可以就好了。”说毕，递与袭人。又问：“这会子可好些？”宝玉一面道谢，说：“好些了。”又让坐。宝钗见他睁开眼说话，不像先时，心中也宽慰了好些，便点头叹道：“早听人一句话，也不至有今日。<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
别说老太太、太太心疼，就是我们看着，心里也……”刚说了半句，又忙咽住，自悔说的话太急了，不觉红了脸，低下头来。宝玉听得这话如此亲切稠密，大有深意；忽见他又咽住，不往下说，红了脸，低下头，只管弄衣带，那一种娇羞怯怯，竟难以言语形容，越觉心中感动，将疼痛早已丢在九霄云外去了。想道：“我不过挨了几下打，他们一个个就有这些怜惜之态，令人可亲可敬。<br />
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Not to say Grandma Merchant is that we look, heart also ...... "just said half a sentence, and busy swallowed, self-repentant to say the words too quickly, do not feel red face, lowered his head. The first time I heard the words so kind and thick, there is a deep meaning; suddenly see him again swallowed, do not go on, red face, lowered his head, just get the sash, that a kind of shyness and timidity, it is difficult to describe, the more I feel touched in the heart, the pain has long been left in the ninth cloud to go. I thought: "I just received a few beatings, they all have such a compassionate attitude, which is relatable and respectable.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 10:42, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
假若我一时竟遭殃横死，他们还不知何等悲感呢！既是他们这样，我便一时死了，得他们如此，一生事业，纵然尽付东流，也无足叹惜矣。”正想着，只听宝钗问袭人道：“怎么好好的动了气，就打起来了？”袭人便把培茗的话说出来了。宝玉原来还不知贾环的话，见袭人说出，方才知道；因又拉上薛蟠，惟恐宝钗沉心，忙又止住袭人道：“薛大哥从来不这样的，你们别混猜度。”<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝钗听说，便知宝玉是怕他多心，用话拦袭人。因心中暗暗想道：“打得这个形象，疼还顾不过来，还这样细心，怕得罪了人。你既这样用心，何下在外头大事上做工夫，老爷也欢喜了，也不能吃这样亏。你虽然怕我沉心，所以拦袭人的话，难道我就不知我哥哥素日恣心纵欲、毫无防范的那种心性？当日为一个秦钟，还闹的天翻地覆，自然如今比先又加利害了。”<br />
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Upon hearing that, Precious Hairpin perceived that Precious Jade was impeding Aroma to continue saying in order to prevent her worrying too much. Then she said to herself:"One person can't deal with his pain when hurt to this degree while he was careful enough to worry offending others.Since you are so attentive, why not devote more on the great events for achievements.In that case, when your father is satisfied , the grievance can be avoided. Though you interrupt Aroma to reduce my worries,don't I know my elder brother? He did whatever he wants and had no scruples.Ever since,he could get into an uproar just for Qin Zhong. It's not surprising that his behavior is more terrible now. "--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 10:13, 22 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
想毕，因笑道：“你们也不必怨这个怨那个，据我想，到底宝兄弟素日肯和那些人来往，老爷才生气。就是我哥哥说话不防头，一时说出宝兄弟来，也不是有心挑唆：一则也是本来的实话；二则他原不理论这些防赚小事。袭姑娘从小儿只见过宝兄弟这样细心人，你何尝见过我哥哥那天不怕地不怕、心里有什么口里说什么的人呢？”袭人因说出薛蟠来，见宝玉拦他的话，早已明白自己说造次了，恐宝钗没意思；<br />
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After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass thought about it, Laughing: "You don't have to complain about this or that. I think it's because Precious Jade brothers usually like to associate with those people, so the master is angry. Even if my brother speaks freely, he doesn't mean to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth; second, he doesn't care about these small things. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 05:28, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Figured it out, he laughed and said: "You don't have to complain about others. I supposed it's my brother Precious Jade’s association with those people that bothered our master. Even if my brother lacks a cautious to keep the secret, he won’t be meant to instigate when he tells brother Jade: first, he's telling the truth afterall; second, he doesn't care about these trivial matters. Aroma, you've only seen such careful people as Precious Jade when you were a child. You've never seen my brother who doesn't care about anything and who is not afraid to say whatever he has in mind? " Because she said Dragon Marshgrass and saw Precious Jade stop him, she had already understood what she had said and was worried that Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was unhappy;--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
听宝钗如此说，更觉羞愧无言。宝玉又听宝钗这番一半是堂皇正大，一半是去己的疑心，更觉比先心动神移。方欲说话时，只见宝钗起身说道：“明日再来看你，好生养着罢。方才我拿了药来，交给袭人，晚上敷上，管就好了。”说着，便走出门去。袭人赶着送出院外，说：“姑娘倒费心了。改日宝二爷好了，亲自来谢了。”宝钗回头笑道：“有什么谢处？你只劝他好生静养，别胡思乱想的就好。<br />
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Aroma couldn’t feel more shamed to hear this and Precious Jade was even more sparked for learning the decency and the equally balanced assurance in Precious Hairpin’s words. Before Precious Jade intended to speak, Precious Hairpin stand up and said, “Have a good rest and I will see you tomorrow. I had handed the medicine I brought with to Aroma. You’ll be alright after using it at night.” Saying, Precious Hairpin walked out of the door. Aroma hurried to attend her outside the Abbey and said, “We really appreciate your caring. Our lord will acknowledge you in person after his recovery.” Precious Hairpin smiled, “No need for you to offer thanks. My advice would only be his enough rest without a bee in his head.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:27, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
要想什么吃的玩的，悄悄的往我那里去取了，不必惊动老太太、太太众人。倘或吹到老爷耳朵里，虽然彼时不怎么样，将来对景，终是要吃亏的。”说着去了。袭人抽身回来，心内着实感激宝钗。进来见宝玉沉思默默，似睡非睡的模样，因而退出房外栉沐。宝玉默默的躺在床上，无奈臀上作痛，如针挑刀挖一般，更热如火炙，略展转时，禁不住“嗳哟”之声。<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with,just go to my room and fetch them.remember do not disturb the ladies.But if the lord have konwn it,though I don't know how it is in the present ,you would come to a grief sometime in the future."he stops speaking and walks away.Attackers frees herself and comes back ,with many gratitudes for Precious Jade in her heart.coming in and seeing Precious Jade medidating tranquilly in a sleepy not sleeping state,She steps back out of the room to freshen up.Precious Jade lay in bed silently.Suddenly,he feels a pang of stitching and burning pain in his haunch.turning overing slightly,he can not help letting out a cry:"Yaa-hoo"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 04:46, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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If you want something to eat or to play with, just go to my place, and no need to disturb the ladies. If the Lord knows it, though there is no trouble in the present, you would come to a grief sometime in the future." She said this and walked out. Aroma freed herself to come back, and felt grateful for Precious Hairpin. Seeing Precious Jade medidating in a sleepy stupor, Aroma exited the room to freshen up. Precious Jade lay in bed silently when a sudden pang of stitching and burning pain seized him in his haunch. He turned over and could not help letting out a cry "Aye-aye."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:35, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
那时天色将晚，因见袭人去了，却有两三个丫鬟伺侯，此时并无呼唤之事，因说道：“你们且去梳洗，等我叫时再来。”众人听了，也都退出。这里宝玉昏昏默默，只见蒋玉函走了进来，诉说忠顺府拿他之事；一时又见金钏儿进来，哭说为他投井之情。宝玉半梦半醒，都不在意。忽又觉有人推他，恍恍惚惚，听得有人悲切之声。宝玉从梦中惊醒，睁眼一看，不是别人，却是林黛玉。<br />
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Later that day, Precious Jade saw Aroma was gone, and several servant girls were serving, but there was nothing to ask for. Therefore he said, "You can go to wash and get changed. When I call you you come then." The servant girls heard this and went out. Precious Jade felt dizzy right now, seeing Jade Lotus Jiang coming in, telling about the butler of Loyal Obedience catching him; then he saw Golden Bracelet coming in, crying about her drowning herself in the well for him. Precious Jade was in somewhere between sleep and lucidity, feeling someone was pushing him. In a trance he heard some sobbing of melancholy. Precious Jade awakened from terror, opened his eyes, and saw it was not someone else but Mascara Jade.--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 03:15, 21 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
犹恐是梦，忙又将身子欠起来，向脸上细细一认，只见他两个眼睛肿得桃儿一般，满面泪光，不是黛玉，却是那个？宝玉还欲看时，怎奈下半截疼痛难禁，支持不住，便“嗳哟”一声，仍旧倒下，叹了一声，说道：“你又做什么来？虽然太阳落下去，那地上的余热未散，倘又受了暑呢，我虽然捱了打，并不觉疼痛。我这个样儿是装出来哄他们，好在外头布散与老爷听。其实是假的，你不可信真。”<br />
Fearing that it was only a dream, he promptly raised himself, and scrutinized her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it is not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply that finding it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lay himself down again and heaved a sigh. “What do you once more come here for?” he asked. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pains or aches. I behave in this fashion only to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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Fearing that it is only a dream, he promptly raises himself, and scrutinizes her face. Seeing her two eyes swollen like big peaches, and her face glistening all over with tears, if it was not Mascara Jade, who else could it be? Precious Jade has meant to continue his scrutiny, but the lower part of his body aches sharply , making it hard to keep up. With a shout of “Ai-yo,” he lies himself down again and heaves a sigh. “What do you come here again for?” he asks. “Though the sun has set, the heat remaining on the ground hasn’t yet gone, so you may get another sunstroke by that. Of course, I’ve got a thrashing but I don’t feel any pain . I pretend so to beguile them into believing, so that they may go and spread that outside to reach my father’s ear. It’s actually all pretense, so you mustn’t treat it as a fact.”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:53, 20 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
此时林黛玉虽不是嚎啕大哭，然越是这等无声之泣，气噎喉堵，更觉利害。听了宝玉这番话，心中虽有万句言词，只是不能说得，半日，方抽抽噎噎的说道：“你从此可都改了罢！”宝玉听说，便长叹一声道：“你放心，别说这样话。我便为这些人死了，也是情愿的。”一句话未了，只见院外人说：“二奶奶来了。”林黛玉便知是凤姐来了，连忙立起身，说道：“我从后院子里去罢，回来再来。”<br />
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Though Mascara Jade Forest isn't wailing, such silent sob nearly to choke-up is far more bitter. Hearing what Precious Jade said,Mascara Jade Forest has abundence to say but has to hold back. After a comparatively long time, she finally says while choking,"Please get rid of all your bad behaviors!" Hearing it, Precious Jade has a deep sigh,saying," You can set your mind at rest, but please don't say anything like that anymore! I would have no complaint even if I died for them." Hardly had his voice faded away, someone in the outer court says," The second wife is coming!" Mascara Jade Forest gets to be aware immediately that it's Sister.Phoenix, so she stands up hurriedly, saying,"I'd better go back through the backyard. I will come to you next time."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:22, 17 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉一把拉住，道：“这又奇了。好好的怎么怕起他来？”林黛玉急得跺脚，悄悄的说道：“你瞧瞧我的眼睛，又该他们取笑儿开心了。”宝玉听说，赶忙的放了手。黛玉三步两步转过床后，刚出了后院，凤姐从前头已进来了。问宝玉：“可好些了？想什么吃？叫人往我那里取去？”接着薛姨妈又来了。一时贾母又打发了人来。至掌灯时分，宝玉只喝了两口汤，便昏昏沉沉的睡去。</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=143084Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-18T23:56:37Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming= */</p>
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<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
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1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming==<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
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==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
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==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
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==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - <span style="color:gold">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142923Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:44:00Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - <span style="color:gold">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142922Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:43:17Z<p>Chen Kun: </p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - <span style="color:blonde">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142921Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:36:54Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
<span style="color:blonde">==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142920Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:31:11Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming= */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 - History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - <span style="color:green">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142919Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:30:25Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - <span style="color:green">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
== Headline text ==<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: BuyTogether（PDD)==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142915Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:26:53Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-<span style="color:green">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142914Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:26:07Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-<span style="color:green and red">Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142913Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:24:09Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
=====Yu Jinbo 喻锦博-Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example=====<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142912Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:22:44Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟-History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142910Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:18:29Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic: History : Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142909Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:17:07Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic:History:Wang Yangming */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142908Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:15:37Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic:History:Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142906Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:14:27Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic:History: Wang Yangming */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
===History: Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142905Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:12:21Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic:History: Wang Yangming */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
===topic:History: Wang Yangming===<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142904Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:10:48Z<p>Chen Kun: /* History: Wang Yangming */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
==topic:History: Wang Yangming==<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella==<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142902Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:09:17Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
==History: Wang Yangming==<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Opera: Kun Opera==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic:Aesthetic ideals and social customs:Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142901Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:07:19Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
==History: Wang Yangming==<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Opera: Kun Opera==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example.===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142900Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T07:05:27Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
==History: Wang Yangming==<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Opera: Kun Opera==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: rich businessmen==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
==Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China:taking Da Sima(金轮) as an example.==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Culture2022_final_exam_papers&diff=142898Culture2022 final exam papers2022-05-16T06:56:50Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 - Literature: Ancient Literature: Du Fu */</p>
<hr />
<div>Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|course homepage]].<br />
<br />
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟 ==<br />
==History: Wang Yangming==<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡 - Cuisine: Luosifen==<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露 - Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Philosophical Schools: Mohism ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe ==<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ==<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Photoshop technology culture in China ==<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉 - Opera: Kun Opera==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文 - Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹 - Music and instrument: Erhu==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪 - Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan==<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣 - Animals：Golden Monkey==<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲 - Chinese Economy: Chinese millionaire==<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆 - Politics: Increasing national seclusion and isolation of contemporary China ==<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔 - The Chinese tradition of worship==<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷 - Opera: Huangmei opera ==<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮 - <span style="color:red">Please choose a topic.</span>==<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊 - Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）==<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝 - Clothing: Vintage Clothing ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example. ==<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers==<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵 - National Belief: the Chinesse Dream==<br />
<span style="color:red">Please report on this from a scholarly, not from a political perspective.</span><br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿 - Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ==<br />
<span style="color:red">This is already existing, please choose a new topic.</span><br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿 -Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ==</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142846Final exam2022-05-16T04:35:03Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: Economy: Chinese Currency Changes===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
==topic==:Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
=== ''' topic:Cuisine: Luosifen''' ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic:Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic:Philosophical Schools:Mohism ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: Entertainment:Deyunshe ===<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]===topic:Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic:Photoshop technology in China ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: Opera: Kun Opera===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
==='''topic: Traditional Cuisine:Tangyuan'''===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Golden Monkey===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: the Chinese tradition of worship===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic:Opera:Huangmei opera ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
<math>Insert formula here</math>==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: National Belief: the Chinesse Dream===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142845Final exam2022-05-16T04:33:25Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: Economy: Chinese Currency Changes===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
topic:Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
=== ''' topic:Cuisine: Luosifen''' ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic:Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic:Philosophical Schools:Mohism ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: Entertainment:Deyunshe ===<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]===topic:Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic:Photoshop technology in China ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: Opera: Kun Opera===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
==='''topic: Traditional Cuisine:Tangyuan'''===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Golden Monkey===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: the Chinese tradition of worship===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic:Opera:Huangmei opera ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
<math>Insert formula here</math>==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: National Belief: the Chinesse Dream===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142844Final exam2022-05-16T04:32:13Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: Economy: Chinese Currency Changes===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic:Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
=== ''' topic:Cuisine: Luosifen''' ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic:Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic:Philosophical Schools:Mohism ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: Entertainment:Deyunshe ===<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]===topic:Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic:Photoshop technology in China ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: Opera: Kun Opera===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
==='''topic: Traditional Cuisine:Tangyuan'''===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Golden Monkey===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: the Chinese tradition of worship===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic:Opera:Huangmei opera ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
<math>Insert formula here</math>==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: National Belief: the Chinesse Dream===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142843Final exam2022-05-16T04:28:45Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic:Science and Technology:Best KPL player——AG超玩会.一诺 */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: Economy: Chinese Currency Changes===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]===topic:Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
=== ''' topic:Cuisine: Luosifen''' ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic:Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic:Philosophical Schools:Mohism ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: Entertainment:Deyunshe ===<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
[[Media:Example.ogg]]===topic:Traditional Cuisine: Dumpling ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic:Photoshop technology in China ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: Opera: Kun Opera===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
==='''topic: Traditional Cuisine:Tangyuan'''===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Golden Monkey===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: the Chinese tradition of worship===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic:Opera:Huangmei opera ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
<math>Insert formula here</math>==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: National Belief: the Chinesse Dream===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220509_homework&diff=142800CULTURE2022 20220509 homework2022-05-15T12:09:48Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|Back to the overview of all homework webpages]]<br />
<br />
Quicklinks: [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[CULTURE2022_20220603_final_exam|final exam page]]<br />
<br />
This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
<br />
Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
<br />
This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220307_homework|homework of session 3 for session 4 Mar 14]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220314_homework|homework of session 4 for session 5 Mar 21]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220321_homework|homework of session 5 for session 6 Mar 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220328_homework|homework of session 6 for session 7 Apr 4]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220404_homework|homework of session 7 for session 8 Apr 11]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220411_homework|homework of session 8 for session 9 Apr 18]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220418_homework|homework of session 9 for session 10 Apr 25]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220425_homework|homework of session 10 for session 11 May 2]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220502_homework|homework of session 11 for session 12 May 9]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220509_homework|homework of session 12 for session 13 May 16]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220516_homework|homework of session 13 for session 14 May 23]]<br />
<br />
<br />
PLEASE ALSO READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] <br />
<br />
=Please write your homework directly here=<br />
Just click on the edit button behind your name and add the English translation as a seperate paragraph, separated by blank line. <br />
<br />
While translating, please do not use Pinyin to transcribe names, but use the names by meaning we agreed upon in our [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] list.<br />
<br />
When you have finished writing your homework, please do not forget to click the "save" button and type in the password "wikicaptcha".<br />
<br />
Also, please correct the translation of the fellow student above you by pasting a 2nd English paragraph beneath.<br />
<nowiki></nowiki><br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
大夫又说好生静养才好，谁还肯烦他做呢？旧年好一年的工夫，做了个香袋儿；今年半年，还没见拿针线呢。”正说着，有人来回说：“兴隆街的大爷来了，老爷叫二爷出去会。”宝玉听了，便知贾雨村来了，心中好不自在。袭人忙去拿衣服。宝玉一面登着靴子，一面抱怨道：“有老爷和他坐着就罢了，回回定要见我。”史湘云一边摇着扇子，笑道：“自然你能会宾接客，老爷才叫你出去呢。”宝玉道：“那里是老爷？都是他自己要请我见的。”湘云笑道：“‘主雅客来勤’，自然你有些警动他的好处，他才要会你。”<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
宝玉道：“罢，罢！我也不称雅，俗中又俗的一个俗人，并不愿同这些人往来。”湘云笑道：“还是这个情性，改不了。如今大了，你就不愿读书去考举人进士的，也该常会会这些为官作宰的，谈讲谈讲那些仕途经济的学同，也好将来应酬庶务，日后也有个朋友。没见你成年家只在我们队里搅些什么？”宝玉听了，道：“姑娘请别的屋里坐坐，我这里仔细腌臜了你知经济学问的人！”袭人道：“姑娘快别说这话。上回也是宝姑娘也说过一回，他也不管人脸上过得去过不去，他就‘咳’了一声，拿起脚来走了。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade said, "Stop, stop! Though I am not elegant, a vulgar among the vulgar, but I do not want to associate with these people." Fragrant Cloud History laughed and said, "You still can't change your temper. Now when you grow up, even if you do not want to study to take the imperial examination, you should often meet these officials and talk about the knowledge of official career and economy. You can enjoy social affairs in the future and have a friend in the future. Didn't you see what we did when you were an adult?" Precious Jade, hearing this, said, "Girl, please come and sit down in another room, I've made a dirty mark here for you economic circles!" Aroma said: "girl , don't say this. Last time it is also Aunt Treasure said once, he also does not care whether others lose face, he 'cough' came and left.<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
这里宝姑娘的话也没说完，见他走了，登时羞得脸通红．说又不是，不说又不是。幸而是宝姑娘，那要是林姑娘，不知又闹得怎么样，哭得怎么样呢！提起这些话来，宝姑娘叫人敬重，自己过了一会子去了。我倒过不去，只当他恼了，谁知过后还是照旧一样，真真是有涵养，心地宽大的。谁知这一个反倒同他生分了。那林姑娘见他赌气不理，他后来不知赔多少不是呢。”宝玉道：“林姑娘从来说过这些混账话不曾？若他也说过这些混账话，我早和他生分了。”<br />
<br />
Seeing he left, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seems neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth is right. It's lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is very likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass is worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she is! But who knows this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest seeing him and ignoring him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:20, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Seeing he leaving, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seemed neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth was right. It was lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is more likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she was! But who knew this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest saw him and ignored him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:14, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人和湘云都点头笑道：“这原是混帐话？”原来林黛玉知道史湘云在这里，宝玉一定又赶来说麒麟的原故，因心下忖度着，近日宝玉弄来的外传野史，多半才子佳人，都因小巧玩物上撮合，或有鸳鸯，或有凤凰，或玉环金佩，或鲛帕鸾绦：皆由小物而遂终身之愿。今忽见宝玉亦有麟麟，便恐借此生隙，同史湘云也做出那些风流佳事来，因而悄悄走来，见机行事，以察二人之意。不想刚走来，正听见史湘云说“经济”一事，宝玉又说：“林妹妹不说这样混账话，若说这话，我也同他生分了。”<br />
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Aroma And River Cloud nodded and smiled, “Is that ridiculous?” Actually, Mascara Jade Forest knew that Fragrant-cloud History stayed here, and Precious Jade must have come to ask the reasons about Kylin. She knew that recently Precious Jade had got some Haider and unofficial historical books which record that mostly wits and beauties acquainted and wedded through small and exquisite things that includes mandarin, phoenix, jade bracelets, golden wears and silk handkerchiefs with fish or a bird. When she saw that Precious Jade had had a kylin, she was afraid that their relationship would turn sour and Precious Jade would have an affair with Fragrant-cloud History. Therefore, she reckoned that she had to fleet into in case of that. Unexpectedly, on her entering, Fragrant-cloud History talked about “the economic”. Then Precious Jade said, “I supposed that Sister Forest wouldn’t say such ridiculous words. If did, we would be aloof.”—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:08, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
林黛玉听了这话，不觉又喜又惊，又悲又叹。所喜者，果然自己眼力不错，素日认他是个知己，果然是个知己。所惊者，他在人前一片私心称扬于我，其亲热厚密，竟不避嫌疑。所叹者，你既为我之知己，自然我亦可为你的知己，既你我为知己，则又何必有“金玉”之论呢？既有“金玉”之论，也该你我有之，又何必来一宝钗呢？所悲者，父母早逝，虽有铭心刻骨之言，无人为我主张；况近日每觉神思恍惚，病已渐成，医者更云：“气弱血亏，恐致劳怯之症。”<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
我虽为你的知己，但恐不能久待；你纵为我知己，奈我薄命何！想到此间，不禁滚下泪来。待进去相见，自觉无味，便一面拭泪，一面抽身回去了。这里宝玉忙忙的穿了衣裳出来，忽见黛玉在前面慢慢的走着，似乎有拭泪之状，便忙赶着上来笑道：“妹妹往那里去？怎么又哭了？又是谁得罪了你？”林黛玉回头见是宝玉，便勉强笑道：“好好的，我何曾哭了。”宝玉笑道：“你瞧瞧，眼睛上的泪珠儿未干，还撒谎呢。”一面说，一面禁不住抬起手来，替他拭泪。<br />
<br />
Although I am your true love, I fear I may not be able to stay there. And even though you are mine, you can do nothing to alter my fate. At that point in her reflections she began to weep. Feeling in no fit state to be seen, she turned away from the door and began to make her way back again. Precious Jade had finished his hasty dressing and now came out of the house. He saw Mascara Jade slowly walking on ahead of him and, judging by her appearance from behind, wiping her eyes. He hurried forward to catch up with her. “Where are you off to? Are you crying again? Who has upset you this time?” Mascara Jade turned and saw that it was Precious Jade. “I’m perfectly all right,” she said, forcing a smile. “How could I be crying.” “Look at yourself! The tears are still wet on your face. How can you tell such lies?” Impulsively he stretched out his hand to wipe them.--[[User:Deng Ruixin|Deng Ruixin]] ([[User talk:Deng Ruixin|talk]]) 06:10, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
林黛玉忙向后退了几步，说道：“你又要死了！做什么，这么动手动脚的。”宝玉笑道：“说话忘了情，不觉的动了手，也就顾不得死活。”林黛玉道：“死了倒不值什么，只是丢下了什么‘金’，又是什么‘麒麟’，可怎么好呢！”一句话，又把宝玉说急了，赶上来问道：“你还说这话，到底是咒我还是气我呢？”林黛玉见问，方想起前日的事来，遂自悔自己又说造次了，忙笑道：“你别着急，我原说错了。这有什么，筋都叠暴起来，急得一脸汗！”一面说，一面禁不住近前伸手着他拭面上的汗。<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
宝玉瞅了半天，方说道：“你放心。”黛玉听了，怔了半天，说道：“我有什么不放心？我不明白你这话。你倒说说，怎么放心不放心？”宝玉叹了一口气，问道：“你果然不明白这话？难道我素日在你身上的心都用错了？连你的意思若体贴不着，就难怪你天天为我生气了！”林黛玉道：“果然我不明白放心不放心的话。”宝玉点头叹道：“好妹妹，你别哄我；果然不明白这话，不但我素日之意白用了，且连你素日待我之意也都辜负了。你皆因多是不放心的原故，才弄了一身的病。<br />
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Precious Jade had gazed at Mascara Jade for a long time, then said:"You can rest easy." Hearing that, Mascara Jade had been in a daze for a while and said:"What am I afraid of? I can't understand your words. Tell me how can I be relaxed?" Precious Jade signed and asked, "Sure enough, Can't you understand me? Isn't it wrong for me to make a real effort to be nice to you every day? If I cannot even know what you mean, it is not strange are upset with me daily." "I don't understand your words of 'resting easy' as I've expected." Mascara Jade said. Nodded, Precious Jade said with a sign, "My dear sister, do not have me on. If you really cannot understand my words, all my efforts will go for nothing and your usual feeling for me will always be disappointed. Your illness must come from your restlessness and sentimentality."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:32, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
但凡宽慰些，这病也不得一日重似一日。”林黛玉听了这话，如轰雷掣电，细细思之，竟比自己肺腑中掏出来的还觉恳切，竟有万句言语，满心要说，只是半个字也不能吐，却怔怔的望着他。此时宝玉心中有万句言词，不知一时从那一句说起，却也怔怔的望着黛玉。两个人怔了半天，林黛玉只“咳”了一声，两眼不觉滚下泪来，回身便要走。宝玉忙上前拉住道：“好妹妹，且略站住，我说一句话再走。”黛玉一面拭泪，一面将手推开，说道：“有什么可说的？你的话我都知道了。”<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
口里说着，却头也不回，竟去了。宝玉望着只管发起呆来。原来方才出来慌忙，不曾带得扇子，袭人怕他热，忙拿了扇子，赶来送与他；忽抬头见了林黛玉和他站着，一时黛玉走了，他还站着不动，因而赶上来说道：“你也不带了扇子去，亏我看见，赶了送来。”宝玉出了神，见袭人和他说话，并未看出是何人来，便一把拉住，说道：“好妹妹，我的这心事，从来也不敢说，今日我胆大说出来，死也甘心！我为你也弄了一身的病，在这里又不敢告诉人，只好捱着。<br />
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While she was saying, Mascara Jade Forest went away without turning her head. Precious Jade was in a daze, gazing at her. He forgot to bring his fan because he was in a hurry just now. Afraid of he being hot, Aroma took the fan and gave it to Precious Jade rushly. She looked up in a sudden, finding Mascara Jade was staying with Precious Jade. And now Mascara Jade was leaving while Precious Jade was standing still. So Aroma came to say, “You left your fan. It was thanks to me that I brought it to you in time.” Precious Jade was mind-absent, not recognizing the person talking to him. He seized the person and said, “My sister, I never dare to reveal my true feeling to anybody. Now I pick up the courage and speak it out, and even though death comes to me I am unregretful. Because of you I catch a bunch of illnesses, but I don’t want to tell others, only waiting and waiting.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:31, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
等你的病好了，只怕我的病才得好呢。睡里梦里也忘不了你！”袭人听了，吓得惊疑不止，只叫“神天菩萨，坑死我了！”便推他道：“这是那里的话，敢是中了邪？还不快去！”宝玉一时醒过来，方知是袭人送扇；宝玉羞得满面紫涨，夺了扇子，便抽身的跑了。这里袭人见他去了，自思方才之言，一定是因林黛玉而起，如此看来，将来难免不才之事，令人可惊可畏。想到此间，也不觉怔怔的滴下泪来。心下暗度如何处治，方能免此丑祸。正裁疑问，忽有宝钗从那里走来，笑道：“大毒日头地下，出什么神？”<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
袭人见问，忙笑道：“那两个雀儿打架，倒也好玩儿，我就看住了。”宝钗道：“宝兄弟这会子穿了衣服，忙忙的那里去了？我才看见走过去，倒要叫住问他呢。他如今说话越发没了经纬，我故此没叫他，由他过去罢。”袭人道：“老爷叫他出去。”宝钗听了，忙说道：“嗳哟！这么黄天暑热的，叫他做什么？别是想起什么来，生了气，叫他出去教训一场罢？”袭人笑道：“不是这个，想是有客要会。”宝钗笑道：“这个客也没意思，这么热天，不在家里凉快，还跑些什么！”<br />
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Having seen that, Aroma laughed,"The two birds was fighting. It is so funny and attracted me." Precious Hairpin said,"Brother Precious was dressing just now. But where is he now? I was seeing him passing and wanted to call him to stop. But thinking about that his words are increasingly ridiculous so I didn't do that. Let him go!" Aroma said, "Milord called him out." Precious Hairpin heard that, saying immediately," Oh! Why did milord call him? It's so hot! The milord couldn't think of something, angering and had called him to blame?" Aroma laughed," No. Maybe they were to receive a visitor." Precious Hairpin smiled," How bored the visitor is! You see such a hot day, why doesn't he just stay at home but visit us now!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 17:03, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
袭人笑道：“你可说么！”宝钗因而问道：“云丫头在你们家做什么呢？”袭人笑道：“才说了一会子闲话，你瞧，我前日粘的那双鞋子，明日求他做去。”宝钗听见这话，便两边回头，看无人来往，笑道：“你这么个明白人，怎么一时半刻的就不会体谅人情？我近来看着云姑娘的神情，风里言风里语的，听起来，在家里一点点做不得主。他们家嫌费用大，竟不用那些针线上的人，差不多儿的东西都是他们娘儿们动手。为什么这几次他来了，他和我说话儿，见没人在跟前，他就说家里累得很。<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
我再问他两句家常过日子的话，他就连眼圈儿都红了，嘴里含含糊糊，待说不说的。想其形景，自然从小没爹娘的苦。我看他也不觉的伤起心来。”袭人见说这话，将手一拍，道：“是了，是了。怪道上月我求他打十根蝴蝶儿结子，过了那些日子，才打发人送来，还说：‘这是粗打的，且在别处将就使罢；要匀净的，等明日来住着，再好生打罢。’如今听姑娘这话，想来我们求他，他不好推辞不知他在家里怎么三更半夜的做呢！可是我也糊涂了，早知道是这样，我也不该求他的。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
宝钗道：“上次他告诉我，说在家里做活做到三更天，若是替别人做一点半点，他家的那些奶奶太太们，还不受用呢。”袭人道：“偏生我们那个牛心左性的小爷，凭着小的大的活计，一概不要家里这些活计上的人做，我又弄不开这些。”宝钗笑道：“你理他呢！只管叫人做去，就是了。”袭人道：“那里哄得过他？他才是认得出来呢。说不得我只好慢慢的累去罢了。”宝钗笑道：“你不必忙，我替你做些何如？”袭人笑道：“当真的？这样就是我的造化了。晚上我亲自过来。”<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
一句话未了，忽见一个老婆子忙忙走来，说道：“这是那里说起！金钏儿姑娘好好投井死了！”袭人听得，唬了一跳，忙问：“那个金钏儿？”那老婆子道：“那里还有两个金钏儿呢？就是太太屋里的。前日不知为什么撵他出去，在家里哭天抹沮的，也都不理会他，谁知找不着他，才有打水的人说：‘那东南角上井里打水，见一个尸首。’赶着叫人打捞起来，谁知是他。他们还只管乱着要救活，那里中用了？”宝钗道：“这也奇了。”袭人听说，点头赞叹，想素日同气之情，不觉流下泪来。<br />
<br />
Before saying a word, suddenly an old woman hurried up and said, "that's where it comes from! <br />
Golden Bracelet threw herself into the well and died!" After hearing this, Aroma startled and hurriedly asked, "which Golden Bracelet?" The old woman said, "Are there still two gold bracelets? She is the one of Lady King. They drove her out for some reason the day before yesterday. She cried at home but everyone ignored her. When they couldn't find her, then someone who drew water said, 'I drew water from the well in the southeast corner and saw a corpse.' they hurried to salvage, but who knew it was her. They just wanted to hurriedly save her. This is certainly not feasible" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said, "it's strange." Aroma nodded and thought of the friendship of colleagues in the past. She couldn't help bursting into tears.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 02:36, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
宝钗听见这话，忙向王夫人处来安慰。这里袭人回去不提。却说宝钗来至王夫人房里，只见鸦雀无闻，独有王夫人在里间房内坐着垂泪。宝钗便不好提这事，只得一旁坐了。王夫人便问：“你从那里来？”宝钗道：“从园里来。”王夫人道：你从园里来，可曾见你宝兄弟？”宝钗道：“才倒看见了他，穿着衣服出去了，不知那里去。”王夫人点头叹道：“你可知道一桩奇事？金钏儿忽然投井死了！”宝钗见说，道：“怎么好好的投井？这也奇了。”王夫人道：“原是前日他把我一件东西弄坏了，我一时生气，打了一下，撵了他下去。<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
我只说气他几天，还叫他上来，谁知他这么气性大，就投井死了，岂不是我的罪过。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘是慈善人，固然是这样想；据我看来，他并不是赌气投井，多半他下去住着，或是在井跟前玩，失了脚掉下去的。他在上头拘束惯了，这一出去，自然要到各处去玩玩逛逛，岂有这样大气的理？纵然有这样大气，也不过是个糊涂人，也不为可惜。”王夫人点头叹道：“这话虽然如此，到底我心不安。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘也不劳关心，十分过不去，不过多赏他几两银子，发送他，也就尽主仆之情了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
王夫人道：“才刚我赏了五十两银子与他娘，原要还把你姊妹们的新衣服给他装裹，谁知各丫头可巧都没有什么新做的衣服，只有你林妹妹做生日的两套。我想你林妹妹那个孩子，素日是个有心的，况且他原也三灾八难的，既说了给他过生日，这会子又给人去装裹，岂不忌讳？因为这么样，我才现叫裁缝赶着做一套给他。要是别的丫头，赏他几两银子，也就完了。金钏儿虽然是个丫头，素日在我跟前，比我的女儿也差不多。”口里说着，不觉流下泪来。<br />
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Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wang Rou|Wang Rou]] ([[User talk:Wang Rou|talk]]) 03:33, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:34, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
宝钗忙道：“姨娘这会子又何用叫裁缝赶去，我前日倒做了两套，拿来给他，岂不省事？况且他活的时候也穿过我的旧衣服，身量又相对。”王夫人道：“虽然这样，难道你不忌讳？”宝钗笑道：“姨娘放心，我从来不计较这些。”一面说，一面起身就走。王夫人忙叫了两个人跟宝姑娘去。一时宝钗取了衣服回来，只见宝玉在王夫人旁边坐着垂泪。王夫人正才说他，因见宝钗来了，就掩住口不说了。宝钗见此景况，察言观色，早知觉了七八分。于是将衣服交明，王夫人将他母亲叫来拿了去。再看下回分解。<br />
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Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said in a hurry:"Aunt, it is useless to order the tailor to make clothes as soon as possible. I made clothes a few days ago, it will be convenient if I give which to him. Moreover, he wore my old clothes when he was alive. The size fits him." Mrs. King said:"Though it is appropriate to do so, will you abstain from that?" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass smiled:" Please feel at ease. I never bargain about these." saying and leaving. Mrs King hurried to call two servants to go with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass fetched the clothes, she saw Baoyu crying beside Mrs.King. Mrs. King was talking about him but stopped for seeing Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's coming. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass saw the situation, observed her closely and knew seven or eight over ten. So she gave the clothes to her. Mrs.Wang called his mother to take it away. Please watch it from the next round--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 14:27, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
◎第三十三回手足眈眈小动唇舌不肖种种大承笞挞却说王夫人唤上他母亲来，拿几件簪环，当面赏与，又吩咐：“请几众僧人念经超度他。”他母亲磕头，谢了出去。原来宝玉会过雨村回来，听见了金钏儿含羞自尽，心中早已五内摧伤，进来又被王夫人教说教训了一番，也无可回说。看见宝钗进来，方得便走出，茫然不知何往，背着手，低若头，一面感叹，一面慢慢的信步来至厅上。刚转过屏门，不想对面来了一人，正往里走，可巧撞了一个满怀。<br />
<br />
Chapter33 Brothers hated each other and quarrelled with each other. Merchant Jade was flogged for his unworthy behaviors.<br />
As mentioned，Mrs.Wang called his mother and gave her several hairpins and earrings，and told her：“Ask some monks to redeem him.” His mother kowtowed，and thanked her，then she left. Merchant Jade met Merchant Rain Village and went back，he was extremely sad after hearing the message that Golden Bracelet was died with grivance. When he walked in，he was scolded by Mrs.Wang and had no words to say. He got the chance to went out when Precious Hairpin Marshgrass in. He was at a loss and didn’t know where to go，he put his hands back and lowered his hand. He sighed as he walked slowly into the hall. He had just reached the court gate when a man who was walking in approached him. They hit each other full.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 12:01, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
只听那人喝一声：“站住！”宝玉唬了一跳，抬头看时，不是别人，却是他父亲，早不觉倒抽了一口气，只得垂手一旁站了。贾政道：“好端端的，你垂头丧气嗐些什么？方才雨村来了，要见你，那半天才出来；既出来了，全无一点慷慨挥洒的谈吐，仍是葳葳蕤蕤的。我看你脸上一团私欲愁闷气色，这会子又嗳声叹气，你那些还不足，还不自在？无故这样，却是为何？”宝玉素日虽然口角伶俐，只是此时一心总为金钏儿感伤，恨不得此时也身亡命殒，跟了金钏儿去，如今见他父亲说这些话，究竟不曾听见，只是怔怔的站着。<br />
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A shout was recieved firstly:"Stop!"Precious Jade was startled by this to raise his hand immediately,only to see no one but his father. At that time ,he gasped and stood by with his hands down.Master Merchant said:"Why are you crestfallen with no reason? Just now Yucun came to see you.But you delayed for a long time to come out.Since out, you have been still down without generous and voluable talk.I see your face was wrriten by the sadness. Now you even signed in despair. You are unsatisfied with what you have owned, aren't you? If it's not right,tell me why." Though Precious Jade was talkative, this time he was still trapped in the pain of Golden Bracelet.He had an itch to die and perish following her.So he just stood with shock after hearing those words never told by his father before.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 08:25, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
贾政见他惶悚，应对不似往日，原本无气的，这一来，倒生了三分气。方欲说话，忽有回事人来回：“忠顺亲王府里有人来，要见老爷。”贾政听了，心下疑惑，暗暗思忖道：“素日并不与忠顺府来往，为什么今日打发人来？”一面想，一面命：“快请厅上坐。”急忙进内更衣。出来接见时，却是忠顺府长府官，一面彼此见了礼，归坐献茶。未及叙谈，那长府官先就说道：“下官此来，并非擅造潭府，皆因奉命而来，有一件事相求。看王爷面上，敢烦老先生做主。不但王爷知情，且连下官辈亦感谢不尽。”<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as before. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back and said, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." After hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. When he came out to meet him, he was the head of Zhongshun mansion. They saw each other and offered the tea. Before we could talk, the chief official said: "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 12:25, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as usual. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back reporting, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." Hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. As came out, Master Merchant met the messenger serving as the head of Zhongshun mansion, for whom he offered a cuppa. The chief official said at first, "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:56, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
贾政听了这话，摸不着头脑，忙陪笑起身问道：“大人既奉王命而来，不知有何见谕？望大人宣明，学生好遵谕承办。”那长府官冷笑道：“也不必承办，只用老先生一句话就完了。我们府里有一个做小旦的琪官，一向好好在府，如今竟三五日不见回去，各处去找，又摸不着他的道路，因此各处察访。这一城内，十停人倒有八停人都说，他近日和衔玉的那位令郎相与甚厚。下官辈听了，尊府不比别家，可以擅来索取，因此启明王爷。王爷亦说：‘若是别的戏子呢，一百个也罢了；<br />
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Hearing this, Master Merchant was quiet confused. Hurriedly, he stood up with a flattering smile and asked, “My lord since you are under the king’s command, I am wondering what it is. It would be very kind of you to let me know the order, which allows me to cater.” The chief official sneered, “No need to cater. Just a word form the old gentleman is enough. An Actor named Jade Organ used to serve obediently in the mansion, where now he haven’t showed up for a few days. We have searched everywhere without any idea of his whereabouts while hearing from people living in this city talking about his intimacy with your son. Having acknowledged your mansion is superior to those arbitrarily rummaged , we have claimed to our lord. Our lord made it clear that if Jade Organ was like other actors he wouldn’t feel pity evening losing one hundred.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:50, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
只是这琪官，随机应答，谨慎老成，甚合我老人家的心境，断断少不得此人。’故此求老先生转达令郎，请将琪官放回，一则可慰王爷谆谆奉恳之意，二则下官辈也可免操劳求觅之苦。”说毕，忙打一躬。贾政听了这话，又惊又气，即命唤宝玉出来。宝玉也不知是何原故，忙忙赶来，贾政便问：“该死的奴才！你在家不读书也罢了，怎么又做出这些无法无天的事来！那琪官现是忠顺王爷驾前承奉的人，你是何等草莽，无故引逗他出来，如今祸及于我。”<br />
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The Jade Organ responded with shrewdness and was tactful and deft,which is to my liking.We must hold this guy.Hence,we beg you to convey our kindess to your son and to send him(Jade Organ) back.For onething,it is a good way to recieve and apprehend lord's earness and sincerity.For another thing,the official career of youur next life would go well and far away from the pain of toiling and bustling around.Saying this ,He bowed in respect.Merchant Polictics was suprised and indignant after hearing this and called Precious Jade out at once.PreciousJade came hastily obviously having no idea of what was going on .Merchant Politics reprimanded him severely:"you little bastard.It is tolerable that you stayed at home and idle away time not coming to books.But how dare you are to have done such rude and impertinent things.the Jade Organ is the very person flattering LOrd ZhongShun.It is extremely reckless of you to tease him out for no reason and bring misfortune to me"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:39, 12 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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This Actor Jade always plays it by ear, sophisticated, tactful and deft, which is to my great pleasure. He can not be absent.' Hence, it's requested that Your Master ask Young Master to send Actor Jade back, on the one hand, comforting the sincerity of our Master, on the other saving the anguish of our searching." He bowed in respect. Master Merchant was suprised and indignant after hearing this, calling Precious Jade out at once. Precious Jade came hastily, having no idea of what was going on. Master Merchant reprimanded him severely, "You scamp! It is merely tolerable that you idle at home and read no books. How dare you have done such impertinent, reckless things! That Actor Jade is now serving Lord Loyal Obedience.It is so unreasonable of you to entice him without sake, now bringing misfortune to me."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 04:09, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
宝玉听了，唬了一跳，忙回道：“实在不知此事。究竟‘琪官’两个字，不知为何物，况更加以‘引逗’二字！”说着便哭。贾政木及开口，只见那长府官冷笑道：“公子也不必隐饰，或藏在家，或知其下落，早说了出来，我们也不受些辛苦，岂不念公子之德？”宝玉连说：“实在不知。恐是讹传，也未见得。”那长府官冷笑两声道：“现有证据，必定当着老大人说了出来，公子岂不吃亏？既说不知此人，那红汗巾子怎得到了公子腰里？”宝玉听了这话，不觉轰了魂魄，目瞪口呆，心下自思：<br />
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Precious Jade heard this, startled, promptly replied that, "I know nothing about this at all. I know not what on earth 'Actor Jade' stands for, not to mention to entice!" He said with tears bursting out. Some words were on the tip of Master Merchant's tongue, while the butler sneered and said, "Young Master need not disguise. If Young Master hides him at home, or knows his whereabouts, Young Master can say it out early, saving us from meaningless hard work, which will make us grateful." Precious Jade replied quickly, "I have no idea about that. I'm afraid it's rumor, one might say." The butler gave a brittle laugh, "There's evidence. If I present it in front of the Master, Young Master would be embarrassed. You not knowing this man, how to explain the red kerchief hanging at your waist?" Upon hearing this, Precious Jade was frightened out of life, with eyes and mouth fixed. He thought to himself:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 14:51, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
“这话他如何得知？他既连这样机密事都知道了，大约别的瞒他不过，不如打发他去了，免得再说出别的事来。”因说道：“大人既知他的底细，如何连他置买房舍这样大事倒不晓得了？听得说，他如今在东郊离城二十里有个什么紫檀堡，他在那里置了几亩田地，几间房舍。想是在那里，也未可知。”那长府官听了，笑道：“这样说，一定是在那里。我且去找一回，若有了便罢；若没有，还要来请教。”说着，便忙忙的告辞走了。贾政此时气得目瞪口歪，一面送那官员，一面回头命宝玉：“不许动！回来有话同你！”<br />
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“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that despite your knowledge with all these details, you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found in that locality; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must for be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave walked off with hurried step. Master Merchant was by this time so angry that his eyes stared, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not budge. “I have,” he said, “to ask you something on my return.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that you knowing all these details, but you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found there; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave with hurried step. Master Merchant is by this time so angry that glares, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not to budge. “I have,” he said, “something to ask you when return .”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 10:16, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
一直送那官员去了。才回身，忽见贾环带着几个小厮一阵乱跑，贾政喝命小厮：“给我快打！”贾环见了他父亲，吓得骨软筋酥，赶忙低头站住。贾政便问：“你跑什么？带着你的那些人都不管你，不知往那里去，由你野马一般！”喝叫：“跟上学的人呢？”贾环见他父亲甚怒，便乘机说道：“方才原不曾跑，只因从那井边一过，那井里淹死了一个丫头，我看人头这样大，身子这样粗，泡得实在可怕，所以才赶着跑了过来。”贾政听了，惊疑问道：“好端端，谁去跳井？我家从无这样事情，自祖宗以来，皆是宽柔待下。<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:35, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
大约我近年于家务疏懒，自然执事人操克夺之权，致使弄出这暴殒轻生的祸患。若外人知道，祖宗的颜面何在！”喝命：“叫贾琏、赖大来！”小厮们答应了一声，方欲去叫，贾环忙上前，拉住贾政袍襟，贴膝跪下，道：“父亲不用生气。此事除太太房里的人，别人一点也不知道，我听见我母亲说……”说到这句，便回头四顾一看；贾政知其意，将眼色一丢，小厮们明白，都往两边后面退去。贾环便悄悄说道：“我母亲告诉我说，宝玉哥哥前日在太太房里，拉着太太的丫头金钏儿，强奸不遂，打了一顿，金钏儿便赌气投井死了。”<br />
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I expect that I must of late have become remiss in my domestic affairs, and that the managers must have arrogated to themselves the right of domineering and so been the cause of bringing about such calamities as violent deaths and disregard of life. Were these things to reach the ears of people outside, what will become of the reputation of our seniors? Call Romance Merchant and Big Rely here!" he shouted. The servant-lads signified their obedience, with one voice. They were about to go and summon them, when Ring Merchant hastened to press forward. Grasping the lapel of Master Merchant's coat, and clinging to his knees, he knelt down. "Father, why need you be angry?" he said. "Excluding the people in Lady King's rooms, this occurrence is entirely unknown to any of the rest; and I have heard my mother mention...." At this point, he turned his head, and cast a glance in all four quarters. Master Merchant guessed his meaning, and made a sign with his eyes. The young boys grasped his purpose and drew far back on either side. Ring Merchant resumed his confidences in a low tone of voice. "My mother," he resumed, "told me that when brother Precious Jade was, the other day, in Lady King's apartments, he seized her servant-maid Golden Bracelet with the intent of raping her. That as he failed to carry out his design, he gave her a thrashing, which so exasperated Golden Bracelet that she threw herself into the well and committed suicide...."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220509_homework&diff=142798CULTURE2022 20220509 homework2022-05-15T12:04:59Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
大夫又说好生静养才好，谁还肯烦他做呢？旧年好一年的工夫，做了个香袋儿；今年半年，还没见拿针线呢。”正说着，有人来回说：“兴隆街的大爷来了，老爷叫二爷出去会。”宝玉听了，便知贾雨村来了，心中好不自在。袭人忙去拿衣服。宝玉一面登着靴子，一面抱怨道：“有老爷和他坐着就罢了，回回定要见我。”史湘云一边摇着扇子，笑道：“自然你能会宾接客，老爷才叫你出去呢。”宝玉道：“那里是老爷？都是他自己要请我见的。”湘云笑道：“‘主雅客来勤’，自然你有些警动他的好处，他才要会你。”<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
宝玉道：“罢，罢！我也不称雅，俗中又俗的一个俗人，并不愿同这些人往来。”湘云笑道：“还是这个情性，改不了。如今大了，你就不愿读书去考举人进士的，也该常会会这些为官作宰的，谈讲谈讲那些仕途经济的学同，也好将来应酬庶务，日后也有个朋友。没见你成年家只在我们队里搅些什么？”宝玉听了，道：“姑娘请别的屋里坐坐，我这里仔细腌臜了你知经济学问的人！”袭人道：“姑娘快别说这话。上回也是宝姑娘也说过一回，他也不管人脸上过得去过不去，他就‘咳’了一声，拿起脚来走了。<br />
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Precious Jade said, "Stop, stop! Though I am not elegant, a vulgar among the vulgar, but I do not want to associate with these people." Jia laughed and said, "You still can't change your temper. Now when you grow up, even if you do not want to study to take the imperial examination, you should often meet these officials and talk about the knowledge of official career and economy. You can enjoy social affairs in the future and have a friend in the future. Didn't you see what we did when you were an adult?" Precious Jade, hearing this, said, "Girl, please come and sit down in another room, I've made a dirty mark here for you economic circles!" Aroma said: "girl , don't say this. Last time it is also Aunt Treasure said once, he also does not care whether others lose face, he 'cough' came and left.<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
这里宝姑娘的话也没说完，见他走了，登时羞得脸通红．说又不是，不说又不是。幸而是宝姑娘，那要是林姑娘，不知又闹得怎么样，哭得怎么样呢！提起这些话来，宝姑娘叫人敬重，自己过了一会子去了。我倒过不去，只当他恼了，谁知过后还是照旧一样，真真是有涵养，心地宽大的。谁知这一个反倒同他生分了。那林姑娘见他赌气不理，他后来不知赔多少不是呢。”宝玉道：“林姑娘从来说过这些混账话不曾？若他也说过这些混账话，我早和他生分了。”<br />
<br />
Seeing he left, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seems neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth is right. It's lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is very likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass is worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she is! But who knows this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest seeing him and ignoring him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:20, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Seeing he leaving, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass hadn't finished her words and suddenly became so shy that her face was burning. It seemed neither speaking it out nor shutting her mouth was right. It was lucky that it was Precious Hairpin Marshgrass instead of Mascara Jade Forest, who is more likely to be mad and cry in this case. Went it comes to this, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was worthy of respect. She just ignored it later on. But I can't neglect it and take it as she was mad. And I was surprised that she was just as the same after this thing. How gentle and tolerant she was! But who knew this one had become mad and alienated to him. Mascara Jade Forest saw him and ignored him coldly. You have no ideas how many times he had apologized to her!" Precious Jade said " Did Mascara Jade Forest say something rude like this before? If she did, I wouldn't be close to her."—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:14, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人和湘云都点头笑道：“这原是混帐话？”原来林黛玉知道史湘云在这里，宝玉一定又赶来说麒麟的原故，因心下忖度着，近日宝玉弄来的外传野史，多半才子佳人，都因小巧玩物上撮合，或有鸳鸯，或有凤凰，或玉环金佩，或鲛帕鸾绦：皆由小物而遂终身之愿。今忽见宝玉亦有麟麟，便恐借此生隙，同史湘云也做出那些风流佳事来，因而悄悄走来，见机行事，以察二人之意。不想刚走来，正听见史湘云说“经济”一事，宝玉又说：“林妹妹不说这样混账话，若说这话，我也同他生分了。”<br />
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Aroma And River Cloud nodded and smiled, “Is that ridiculous?” Actually, Mascara Jade Forest knew that Fragrant-cloud History stayed here, and Precious Jade must have come to ask the reasons about Kylin. She knew that recently Precious Jade had got some Haider and unofficial historical books which record that mostly wits and beauties acquainted and wedded through small and exquisite things that includes mandarin, phoenix, jade bracelets, golden wears and silk handkerchiefs with fish or a bird. When she saw that Precious Jade had had a kylin, she was afraid that their relationship would turn sour and Precious Jade would have an affair with Fragrant-cloud History. Therefore, she reckoned that she had to fleet into in case of that. Unexpectedly, on her entering, Fragrant-cloud History talked about “the economic”. Then Precious Jade said, “I supposed that Sister Forest wouldn’t say such ridiculous words. If did, we would be aloof.”—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 17:08, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
林黛玉听了这话，不觉又喜又惊，又悲又叹。所喜者，果然自己眼力不错，素日认他是个知己，果然是个知己。所惊者，他在人前一片私心称扬于我，其亲热厚密，竟不避嫌疑。所叹者，你既为我之知己，自然我亦可为你的知己，既你我为知己，则又何必有“金玉”之论呢？既有“金玉”之论，也该你我有之，又何必来一宝钗呢？所悲者，父母早逝，虽有铭心刻骨之言，无人为我主张；况近日每觉神思恍惚，病已渐成，医者更云：“气弱血亏，恐致劳怯之症。”<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
我虽为你的知己，但恐不能久待；你纵为我知己，奈我薄命何！想到此间，不禁滚下泪来。待进去相见，自觉无味，便一面拭泪，一面抽身回去了。这里宝玉忙忙的穿了衣裳出来，忽见黛玉在前面慢慢的走着，似乎有拭泪之状，便忙赶着上来笑道：“妹妹往那里去？怎么又哭了？又是谁得罪了你？”林黛玉回头见是宝玉，便勉强笑道：“好好的，我何曾哭了。”宝玉笑道：“你瞧瞧，眼睛上的泪珠儿未干，还撒谎呢。”一面说，一面禁不住抬起手来，替他拭泪。<br />
<br />
Although I am your true love, I fear I may not be able to stay there. And even though you are mine, you can do nothing to alter my fate. At that point in her reflections she began to weep. Feeling in no fit state to be seen, she turned away from the door and began to make her way back again. Precious Jade had finished his hasty dressing and now came out of the house. He saw Mascara Jade slowly walking on ahead of him and, judging by her appearance from behind, wiping her eyes. He hurried forward to catch up with her. “Where are you off to? Are you crying again? Who has upset you this time?” Mascara Jade turned and saw that it was Precious Jade. “I’m perfectly all right,” she said, forcing a smile. “How could I be crying.” “Look at yourself! The tears are still wet on your face. How can you tell such lies?” Impulsively he stretched out his hand to wipe them.--[[User:Deng Ruixin|Deng Ruixin]] ([[User talk:Deng Ruixin|talk]]) 06:10, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
林黛玉忙向后退了几步，说道：“你又要死了！做什么，这么动手动脚的。”宝玉笑道：“说话忘了情，不觉的动了手，也就顾不得死活。”林黛玉道：“死了倒不值什么，只是丢下了什么‘金’，又是什么‘麒麟’，可怎么好呢！”一句话，又把宝玉说急了，赶上来问道：“你还说这话，到底是咒我还是气我呢？”林黛玉见问，方想起前日的事来，遂自悔自己又说造次了，忙笑道：“你别着急，我原说错了。这有什么，筋都叠暴起来，急得一脸汗！”一面说，一面禁不住近前伸手着他拭面上的汗。<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
宝玉瞅了半天，方说道：“你放心。”黛玉听了，怔了半天，说道：“我有什么不放心？我不明白你这话。你倒说说，怎么放心不放心？”宝玉叹了一口气，问道：“你果然不明白这话？难道我素日在你身上的心都用错了？连你的意思若体贴不着，就难怪你天天为我生气了！”林黛玉道：“果然我不明白放心不放心的话。”宝玉点头叹道：“好妹妹，你别哄我；果然不明白这话，不但我素日之意白用了，且连你素日待我之意也都辜负了。你皆因多是不放心的原故，才弄了一身的病。<br />
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Precious Jade had gazed at Mascara Jade for a long time, then said:"You can rest easy." Hearing that, Mascara Jade had been in a daze for a while and said:"What am I afraid of? I can't understand your words. Tell me how can I be relaxed?" Precious Jade signed and asked, "Sure enough, Can't you understand me? Isn't it wrong for me to make a real effort to be nice to you every day? If I cannot even know what you mean, it is not strange are upset with me daily." "I don't understand your words of 'resting easy' as I've expected." Mascara Jade said. Nodded, Precious Jade said with a sign, "My dear sister, do not have me on. If you really cannot understand my words, all my efforts will go for nothing and your usual feeling for me will always be disappointed. Your illness must come from your restlessness and sentimentality."––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:32, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
但凡宽慰些，这病也不得一日重似一日。”林黛玉听了这话，如轰雷掣电，细细思之，竟比自己肺腑中掏出来的还觉恳切，竟有万句言语，满心要说，只是半个字也不能吐，却怔怔的望着他。此时宝玉心中有万句言词，不知一时从那一句说起，却也怔怔的望着黛玉。两个人怔了半天，林黛玉只“咳”了一声，两眼不觉滚下泪来，回身便要走。宝玉忙上前拉住道：“好妹妹，且略站住，我说一句话再走。”黛玉一面拭泪，一面将手推开，说道：“有什么可说的？你的话我都知道了。”<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
口里说着，却头也不回，竟去了。宝玉望着只管发起呆来。原来方才出来慌忙，不曾带得扇子，袭人怕他热，忙拿了扇子，赶来送与他；忽抬头见了林黛玉和他站着，一时黛玉走了，他还站着不动，因而赶上来说道：“你也不带了扇子去，亏我看见，赶了送来。”宝玉出了神，见袭人和他说话，并未看出是何人来，便一把拉住，说道：“好妹妹，我的这心事，从来也不敢说，今日我胆大说出来，死也甘心！我为你也弄了一身的病，在这里又不敢告诉人，只好捱着。<br />
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While she was saying, Mascara Jade Forest went away without turning her head. Precious Jade was in a daze, gazing at her. He forgot to bring his fan because he was in a hurry just now. Afraid of he being hot, Aroma took the fan and gave it to Precious Jade rushly. She looked up in a sudden, finding Mascara Jade was staying with Precious Jade. And now Mascara Jade was leaving while Precious Jade was standing still. So Aroma came to say, “You left your fan. It was thanks to me that I brought it to you in time.” Precious Jade was mind-absent, not recognizing the person talking to him. He seized the person and said, “My sister, I never dare to reveal my true feeling to anybody. Now I pick up the courage and speak it out, and even though death comes to me I am unregretful. Because of you I catch a bunch of illnesses, but I don’t want to tell others, only waiting and waiting.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:31, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
等你的病好了，只怕我的病才得好呢。睡里梦里也忘不了你！”袭人听了，吓得惊疑不止，只叫“神天菩萨，坑死我了！”便推他道：“这是那里的话，敢是中了邪？还不快去！”宝玉一时醒过来，方知是袭人送扇；宝玉羞得满面紫涨，夺了扇子，便抽身的跑了。这里袭人见他去了，自思方才之言，一定是因林黛玉而起，如此看来，将来难免不才之事，令人可惊可畏。想到此间，也不觉怔怔的滴下泪来。心下暗度如何处治，方能免此丑祸。正裁疑问，忽有宝钗从那里走来，笑道：“大毒日头地下，出什么神？”<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
袭人见问，忙笑道：“那两个雀儿打架，倒也好玩儿，我就看住了。”宝钗道：“宝兄弟这会子穿了衣服，忙忙的那里去了？我才看见走过去，倒要叫住问他呢。他如今说话越发没了经纬，我故此没叫他，由他过去罢。”袭人道：“老爷叫他出去。”宝钗听了，忙说道：“嗳哟！这么黄天暑热的，叫他做什么？别是想起什么来，生了气，叫他出去教训一场罢？”袭人笑道：“不是这个，想是有客要会。”宝钗笑道：“这个客也没意思，这么热天，不在家里凉快，还跑些什么！”<br />
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Having seen that, Aroma laughed,"The two birds was fighting. It is so funny and attracted me." Precious Hairpin said,"Brother Precious was dressing just now. But where is he now? I was seeing him passing and wanted to call him to stop. But thinking about that his words are increasingly ridiculous so I didn't do that. Let him go!" Aroma said, "Milord called him out." Precious Hairpin heard that, saying immediately," Oh! Why did milord call him? It's so hot! The milord couldn't think of something, angering and had called him to blame?" Aroma laughed," No. Maybe they were to receive a visitor." Precious Hairpin smiled," How bored the visitor is! You see such a hot day, why doesn't he just stay at home but visit us now!"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 17:03, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
袭人笑道：“你可说么！”宝钗因而问道：“云丫头在你们家做什么呢？”袭人笑道：“才说了一会子闲话，你瞧，我前日粘的那双鞋子，明日求他做去。”宝钗听见这话，便两边回头，看无人来往，笑道：“你这么个明白人，怎么一时半刻的就不会体谅人情？我近来看着云姑娘的神情，风里言风里语的，听起来，在家里一点点做不得主。他们家嫌费用大，竟不用那些针线上的人，差不多儿的东西都是他们娘儿们动手。为什么这几次他来了，他和我说话儿，见没人在跟前，他就说家里累得很。<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
我再问他两句家常过日子的话，他就连眼圈儿都红了，嘴里含含糊糊，待说不说的。想其形景，自然从小没爹娘的苦。我看他也不觉的伤起心来。”袭人见说这话，将手一拍，道：“是了，是了。怪道上月我求他打十根蝴蝶儿结子，过了那些日子，才打发人送来，还说：‘这是粗打的，且在别处将就使罢；要匀净的，等明日来住着，再好生打罢。’如今听姑娘这话，想来我们求他，他不好推辞不知他在家里怎么三更半夜的做呢！可是我也糊涂了，早知道是这样，我也不该求他的。”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
宝钗道：“上次他告诉我，说在家里做活做到三更天，若是替别人做一点半点，他家的那些奶奶太太们，还不受用呢。”袭人道：“偏生我们那个牛心左性的小爷，凭着小的大的活计，一概不要家里这些活计上的人做，我又弄不开这些。”宝钗笑道：“你理他呢！只管叫人做去，就是了。”袭人道：“那里哄得过他？他才是认得出来呢。说不得我只好慢慢的累去罢了。”宝钗笑道：“你不必忙，我替你做些何如？”袭人笑道：“当真的？这样就是我的造化了。晚上我亲自过来。”<br />
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==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
一句话未了，忽见一个老婆子忙忙走来，说道：“这是那里说起！金钏儿姑娘好好投井死了！”袭人听得，唬了一跳，忙问：“那个金钏儿？”那老婆子道：“那里还有两个金钏儿呢？就是太太屋里的。前日不知为什么撵他出去，在家里哭天抹沮的，也都不理会他，谁知找不着他，才有打水的人说：‘那东南角上井里打水，见一个尸首。’赶着叫人打捞起来，谁知是他。他们还只管乱着要救活，那里中用了？”宝钗道：“这也奇了。”袭人听说，点头赞叹，想素日同气之情，不觉流下泪来。<br />
<br />
Before saying a word, suddenly an old woman hurried up and said, "that's where it comes from! <br />
Golden Bracelet threw herself into the well and died!" After hearing this, Aroma startled and hurriedly asked, "which Golden Bracelet?" The old woman said, "Are there still two gold bracelets? She is the one of Lady King. They drove her out for some reason the day before yesterday. She cried at home but everyone ignored her. When they couldn't find her, then someone who drew water said, 'I drew water from the well in the southeast corner and saw a corpse.' they hurried to salvage, but who knew it was her. They just wanted to hurriedly save her. This is certainly not feasible" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said, "it's strange." Aroma nodded and thought of the friendship of colleagues in the past. She couldn't help bursting into tears.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 02:36, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
宝钗听见这话，忙向王夫人处来安慰。这里袭人回去不提。却说宝钗来至王夫人房里，只见鸦雀无闻，独有王夫人在里间房内坐着垂泪。宝钗便不好提这事，只得一旁坐了。王夫人便问：“你从那里来？”宝钗道：“从园里来。”王夫人道：你从园里来，可曾见你宝兄弟？”宝钗道：“才倒看见了他，穿着衣服出去了，不知那里去。”王夫人点头叹道：“你可知道一桩奇事？金钏儿忽然投井死了！”宝钗见说，道：“怎么好好的投井？这也奇了。”王夫人道：“原是前日他把我一件东西弄坏了，我一时生气，打了一下，撵了他下去。<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
我只说气他几天，还叫他上来，谁知他这么气性大，就投井死了，岂不是我的罪过。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘是慈善人，固然是这样想；据我看来，他并不是赌气投井，多半他下去住着，或是在井跟前玩，失了脚掉下去的。他在上头拘束惯了，这一出去，自然要到各处去玩玩逛逛，岂有这样大气的理？纵然有这样大气，也不过是个糊涂人，也不为可惜。”王夫人点头叹道：“这话虽然如此，到底我心不安。”宝钗笑道：“姨娘也不劳关心，十分过不去，不过多赏他几两银子，发送他，也就尽主仆之情了。”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
王夫人道：“才刚我赏了五十两银子与他娘，原要还把你姊妹们的新衣服给他装裹，谁知各丫头可巧都没有什么新做的衣服，只有你林妹妹做生日的两套。我想你林妹妹那个孩子，素日是个有心的，况且他原也三灾八难的，既说了给他过生日，这会子又给人去装裹，岂不忌讳？因为这么样，我才现叫裁缝赶着做一套给他。要是别的丫头，赏他几两银子，也就完了。金钏儿虽然是个丫头，素日在我跟前，比我的女儿也差不多。”口里说着，不觉流下泪来。<br />
<br />
Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wang Rou|Wang Rou]] ([[User talk:Wang Rou|talk]]) 03:33, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
Miss Wang syas, I just gave her mother five hundred ounces of silver as a reward, and was to give your sisters' cloth to her as decoration, Not considering that the girls happen to not have any new clothes, But for Lin's, which was made for her birthday. Lin is always serious, besides, she's gone through so many difficulties in the past. Now that I promised To give her those clothes for her birthday celebration, but now take those for other's death decoration, how can that not be offensive? Due to this, I made the dressmaker rush to make a new set for her. If it's other girls, I'll give her some money, And it's all over. But Jinchuaner, though is a maid-servent, she was always by my side, and Is just like my own daughter. Talking about all this, Miss Wang can't help weeping.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:34, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
宝钗忙道：“姨娘这会子又何用叫裁缝赶去，我前日倒做了两套，拿来给他，岂不省事？况且他活的时候也穿过我的旧衣服，身量又相对。”王夫人道：“虽然这样，难道你不忌讳？”宝钗笑道：“姨娘放心，我从来不计较这些。”一面说，一面起身就走。王夫人忙叫了两个人跟宝姑娘去。一时宝钗取了衣服回来，只见宝玉在王夫人旁边坐着垂泪。王夫人正才说他，因见宝钗来了，就掩住口不说了。宝钗见此景况，察言观色，早知觉了七八分。于是将衣服交明，王夫人将他母亲叫来拿了去。再看下回分解。<br />
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Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said in a hurry:"Aunt, it is useless to order the tailor to make clothes as soon as possible. I made clothes a few days ago, it will be convenient if I give which to him. Moreover, he wore my old clothes when he was alive. The size fits him." Mrs. King said:"Though it is appropriate to do so, will you abstain from that?" Precious Hairpin Marshgrass smiled:" Please feel at ease. I never bargain about these." saying and leaving. Mrs King hurried to call two servants to go with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass fetched the clothes, she saw Baoyu crying beside Mrs.King. Mrs. King was talking about him but stopped for seeing Precious Hairpin Marshgrass's coming. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass saw the situation, observed her closely and knew seven or eight over ten. So she gave the clothes to her. Mrs.Wang called his mother to take it away. Please watch it from the next round--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 14:27, 11 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
◎第三十三回手足眈眈小动唇舌不肖种种大承笞挞却说王夫人唤上他母亲来，拿几件簪环，当面赏与，又吩咐：“请几众僧人念经超度他。”他母亲磕头，谢了出去。原来宝玉会过雨村回来，听见了金钏儿含羞自尽，心中早已五内摧伤，进来又被王夫人教说教训了一番，也无可回说。看见宝钗进来，方得便走出，茫然不知何往，背着手，低若头，一面感叹，一面慢慢的信步来至厅上。刚转过屏门，不想对面来了一人，正往里走，可巧撞了一个满怀。<br />
<br />
Chapter33 Brothers hated each other and quarrelled with each other. Merchant Jade was flogged for his unworthy behaviors.<br />
As mentioned，Mrs.Wang called his mother and gave her several hairpins and earrings，and told her：“Ask some monks to redeem him.” His mother kowtowed，and thanked her，then she left. Merchant Jade met Merchant Rain Village and went back，he was extremely sad after hearing the message that Golden Bracelet was died with grivance. When he walked in，he was scolded by Mrs.Wang and had no words to say. He got the chance to went out when Precious Hairpin Marshgrass in. He was at a loss and didn’t know where to go，he put his hands back and lowered his hand. He sighed as he walked slowly into the hall. He had just reached the court gate when a man who was walking in approached him. They hit each other full.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 12:01, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
只听那人喝一声：“站住！”宝玉唬了一跳，抬头看时，不是别人，却是他父亲，早不觉倒抽了一口气，只得垂手一旁站了。贾政道：“好端端的，你垂头丧气嗐些什么？方才雨村来了，要见你，那半天才出来；既出来了，全无一点慷慨挥洒的谈吐，仍是葳葳蕤蕤的。我看你脸上一团私欲愁闷气色，这会子又嗳声叹气，你那些还不足，还不自在？无故这样，却是为何？”宝玉素日虽然口角伶俐，只是此时一心总为金钏儿感伤，恨不得此时也身亡命殒，跟了金钏儿去，如今见他父亲说这些话，究竟不曾听见，只是怔怔的站着。<br />
<br />
A shout was recieved firstly:"Stop!"Precious Jade was startled by this to raise his hand immediately,only to see no one but his father. At that time ,he gasped and stood by with his hands down.Master Merchant said:"Why are you crestfallen with no reason? Just now Yucun came to see you.But you delayed for a long time to come out.Since out, you have been still down without generous and voluable talk.I see your face was wrriten by the sadness. Now you even signed in despair. You are unsatisfied with what you have owned, aren't you? If it's not right,tell me why." Though Precious Jade was talkative, this time he was still trapped in the pain of Golden Bracelet.He had an itch to die and perish following her.So he just stood with shock after hearing those words never told by his father before.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 08:25, 15 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
贾政见他惶悚，应对不似往日，原本无气的，这一来，倒生了三分气。方欲说话，忽有回事人来回：“忠顺亲王府里有人来，要见老爷。”贾政听了，心下疑惑，暗暗思忖道：“素日并不与忠顺府来往，为什么今日打发人来？”一面想，一面命：“快请厅上坐。”急忙进内更衣。出来接见时，却是忠顺府长府官，一面彼此见了礼，归坐献茶。未及叙谈，那长府官先就说道：“下官此来，并非擅造潭府，皆因奉命而来，有一件事相求。看王爷面上，敢烦老先生做主。不但王爷知情，且连下官辈亦感谢不尽。”<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as before. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back and said, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." After hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. When he came out to meet him, he was the head of Zhongshun mansion. They saw each other and offered the tea. Before we could talk, the chief official said: "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 12:25, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Master Merchant saw that Precious Jade was terrified, and his response was not as fluent as usual. He was originally lifeless, but now he looked a little alive. Master Merchant was about to speak. Suddenly a message people came back reporting, "someone from Prince Zhongshun's house wants to see the master." Hearing this, Master Merchant was puzzled and thought to himself, "I didn't have any contact with Zhongshun mansion in the past. Why did they send someone today?" While thinking, he ordered: "please sit in the hall," and hurried into the room to change clothes. As came out, Master Merchant met the messenger serving as the head of Zhongshun mansion, for whom he offered a cuppa. The chief official said at first, "I'm not here to disturb your house without permission. I'm here because I'm ordered. I have one thing to ask for your help. For the Lord's sake, I dare to bother the old man to make the decision. Not only the Lord has received your kindness, but also me the lower officials thank you so much."--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:56, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
贾政听了这话，摸不着头脑，忙陪笑起身问道：“大人既奉王命而来，不知有何见谕？望大人宣明，学生好遵谕承办。”那长府官冷笑道：“也不必承办，只用老先生一句话就完了。我们府里有一个做小旦的琪官，一向好好在府，如今竟三五日不见回去，各处去找，又摸不着他的道路，因此各处察访。这一城内，十停人倒有八停人都说，他近日和衔玉的那位令郎相与甚厚。下官辈听了，尊府不比别家，可以擅来索取，因此启明王爷。王爷亦说：‘若是别的戏子呢，一百个也罢了；<br />
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Hearing this, Master Merchant was quiet confused. Hurriedly, he stood up with a flattering smile and asked, “My lord since you are under the king’s command, I am wondering what it is. It would be very kind of you to let me know the order, which allows me to cater.” The chief official sneered, “No need to cater. Just a word form the old gentleman is enough. An Actor named Jade Organ used to serve obediently in the mansion, where now he haven’t showed up for a few days. We have searched everywhere without any idea of his whereabouts while hearing from people living in this city talking about his intimacy with your son. Having acknowledged your mansion is superior to those arbitrarily rummaged , we have claimed to our lord. Our lord made it clear that if Jade Organ was like other actors he wouldn’t feel pity evening losing one hundred.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 04:50, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
只是这琪官，随机应答，谨慎老成，甚合我老人家的心境，断断少不得此人。’故此求老先生转达令郎，请将琪官放回，一则可慰王爷谆谆奉恳之意，二则下官辈也可免操劳求觅之苦。”说毕，忙打一躬。贾政听了这话，又惊又气，即命唤宝玉出来。宝玉也不知是何原故，忙忙赶来，贾政便问：“该死的奴才！你在家不读书也罢了，怎么又做出这些无法无天的事来！那琪官现是忠顺王爷驾前承奉的人，你是何等草莽，无故引逗他出来，如今祸及于我。”<br />
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The Jade Organ responded with shrewdness and was tactful and deft,which is to my liking.We must hold this guy.Hence,we beg you to convey our kindess to your son and to send him(Jade Organ) back.For onething,it is a good way to recieve and apprehend lord's earness and sincerity.For another thing,the official career of youur next life would go well and far away from the pain of toiling and bustling around.Saying this ,He bowed in respect.Merchant Polictics was suprised and indignant after hearing this and called Precious Jade out at once.PreciousJade came hastily obviously having no idea of what was going on .Merchant Politics reprimanded him severely:"you little bastard.It is tolerable that you stayed at home and idle away time not coming to books.But how dare you are to have done such rude and impertinent things.the Jade Organ is the very person flattering LOrd ZhongShun.It is extremely reckless of you to tease him out for no reason and bring misfortune to me"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 03:39, 12 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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This Actor Jade always plays it by ear, sophisticated, tactful and deft, which is to my great pleasure. He can not be absent.' Hence, it's requested that Your Master ask Young Master to send Actor Jade back, on the one hand, comforting the sincerity of our Master, on the other saving the anguish of our searching." He bowed in respect. Master Merchant was suprised and indignant after hearing this, calling Precious Jade out at once. Precious Jade came hastily, having no idea of what was going on. Master Merchant reprimanded him severely, "You scamp! It is merely tolerable that you idle at home and read no books. How dare you have done such impertinent, reckless things! That Actor Jade is now serving Lord Loyal Obedience.It is so unreasonable of you to entice him without sake, now bringing misfortune to me."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 04:09, 14 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
宝玉听了，唬了一跳，忙回道：“实在不知此事。究竟‘琪官’两个字，不知为何物，况更加以‘引逗’二字！”说着便哭。贾政木及开口，只见那长府官冷笑道：“公子也不必隐饰，或藏在家，或知其下落，早说了出来，我们也不受些辛苦，岂不念公子之德？”宝玉连说：“实在不知。恐是讹传，也未见得。”那长府官冷笑两声道：“现有证据，必定当着老大人说了出来，公子岂不吃亏？既说不知此人，那红汗巾子怎得到了公子腰里？”宝玉听了这话，不觉轰了魂魄，目瞪口呆，心下自思：<br />
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Precious Jade heard this, startled, promptly replied that, "I know nothing about this at all. I know not what on earth 'Actor Jade' stands for, not to mention to entice!" He said with tears bursting out. Some words were on the tip of Master Merchant's tongue, while the butler sneered and said, "Young Master need not disguise. If Young Master hides him at home, or knows his whereabouts, Young Master can say it out early, saving us from meaningless hard work, which will make us grateful." Precious Jade replied quickly, "I have no idea about that. I'm afraid it's rumor, one might say." The butler gave a brittle laugh, "There's evidence. If I present it in front of the Master, Young Master would be embarrassed. You not knowing this man, how to explain the red kerchief hanging at your waist?" Upon hearing this, Precious Jade was frightened out of life, with eyes and mouth fixed. He thought to himself:--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 14:51, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
“这话他如何得知？他既连这样机密事都知道了，大约别的瞒他不过，不如打发他去了，免得再说出别的事来。”因说道：“大人既知他的底细，如何连他置买房舍这样大事倒不晓得了？听得说，他如今在东郊离城二十里有个什么紫檀堡，他在那里置了几亩田地，几间房舍。想是在那里，也未可知。”那长府官听了，笑道：“这样说，一定是在那里。我且去找一回，若有了便罢；若没有，还要来请教。”说着，便忙忙的告辞走了。贾政此时气得目瞪口歪，一面送那官员，一面回头命宝玉：“不许动！回来有话同你！”<br />
<br />
“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that despite your knowledge with all these details, you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found in that locality; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must for be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave walked off with hurried step. Master Merchant was by this time so angry that his eyes stared, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not budge. “I have,” he said, “to ask you something on my return.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“How has he come to know this! But since he knows all these secrets, I cannot, I expect, put him off in other points; so wouldn’t it be better for me to pack him off, in order to obviate his blubbering anything more?” “Sir,” he consequently remarked, “how is it that you knowing all these details, but you have no idea of the essential point that he has purchased a house? I’ve heard that he’s, at present, staying in the eastern suburbs at a distance of twenty li from the city; at some place or other called Red Sandalwood Fort, and that he has bought there several acres of land and a few houses. So I presume he’s to be found there; but of course there’s no sure.” “According to that,” smiled the senior officer, as soon as he heard his explanation, “he must be there. I shall therefore go and look for him. If he’s there, well and good; but if not, I shall come again and request you.” While saying so, he took his leave with hurried step. Master Merchant is by this time so angry that glares, and his mouth opened; and as he escorted the officer out, he turned his head and asked Precious Jade not to budge. “I have,” he said, “something to ask you when return .”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 10:16, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
一直送那官员去了。才回身，忽见贾环带着几个小厮一阵乱跑，贾政喝命小厮：“给我快打！”贾环见了他父亲，吓得骨软筋酥，赶忙低头站住。贾政便问：“你跑什么？带着你的那些人都不管你，不知往那里去，由你野马一般！”喝叫：“跟上学的人呢？”贾环见他父亲甚怒，便乘机说道：“方才原不曾跑，只因从那井边一过，那井里淹死了一个丫头，我看人头这样大，身子这样粗，泡得实在可怕，所以才赶着跑了过来。”贾政听了，惊疑问道：“好端端，谁去跳井？我家从无这样事情，自祖宗以来，皆是宽柔待下。<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:35, 10 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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After seeing the officer off, Master Merchant turned around. Suddenly, he catches Ring Merchant running hurriedly with several maids and then he shouts to the maids," Plank him right now!" Seeing his father, Ring Merchant is terrified to nearly paralyzed and standing still with his head ducked. Master Merchant asks him," Why are you running? Those with you just let you go and you are hence like a wild horse that run aimlessly!" He shouts angrily," Where are those going to school with you!" Seeing his father so raged,Ring Merchant says seizing this chance,"I didn't run just now. I run because I have seen a girl drowned in that well when I passed. Her head and body are swollen in water! It is so horrifying that I wanna escape as quicky as possible!" Hearing it,Master Merchant asks with shock and doubt," While everything goes well, who would jump into the well? Such a thing never happened before in my house. We masters have been treating all maids tolerantly and gently just as what our ancestors did."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
大约我近年于家务疏懒，自然执事人操克夺之权，致使弄出这暴殒轻生的祸患。若外人知道，祖宗的颜面何在！”喝命：“叫贾琏、赖大来！”小厮们答应了一声，方欲去叫，贾环忙上前，拉住贾政袍襟，贴膝跪下，道：“父亲不用生气。此事除太太房里的人，别人一点也不知道，我听见我母亲说……”说到这句，便回头四顾一看；贾政知其意，将眼色一丢，小厮们明白，都往两边后面退去。贾环便悄悄说道：“我母亲告诉我说，宝玉哥哥前日在太太房里，拉着太太的丫头金钏儿，强奸不遂，打了一顿，金钏儿便赌气投井死了。”<br />
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I expect that I must of late have become remiss in my domestic affairs, and that the managers must have arrogated to themselves the right of domineering and so been the cause of bringing about such calamities as violent deaths and disregard of life. Were these things to reach the ears of people outside, what will become of the reputation of our seniors? Call Romance Merchant and Big Rely here!" he shouted. The servant-lads signified their obedience, with one voice. They were about to go and summon them, when Ring Merchant hastened to press forward. Grasping the lapel of Master Merchant's coat, and clinging to his knees, he knelt down. "Father, why need you be angry?" he said. "Excluding the people in Lady King's rooms, this occurrence is entirely unknown to any of the rest; and I have heard my mother mention...." At this point, he turned his head, and cast a glance in all four quarters. Master Merchant guessed his meaning, and made a sign with his eyes. The young boys grasped his purpose and drew far back on either side. Ring Merchant resumed his confidences in a low tone of voice. "My mother," he resumed, "told me that when brother Precious Jade was, the other day, in Lady King's apartments, he seized her servant-maid Golden Bracelet with the intent of raping her. That as he failed to carry out his design, he gave her a thrashing, which so exasperated Golden Bracelet that she threw herself into the well and committed suicide...."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 14:45, 13 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142250Final exam2022-05-09T23:45:10Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
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2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
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*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: Economy: Chinese Currency Changes===<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic:Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu===<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
=== ''' topic:Cuisine: Luosifen''' ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic:Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
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==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic:Philosophical Schools:Mohism ===<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: Entertainment:Deyunshe ===<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic:Photoshop technology in China ===<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: Opera: Kun Opera===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese painting: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
==='''topic: Traditional Cuisine:Tangyuan'''===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Golden Monkey===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic:Cuisine: lotus root===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游）===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
<math>Insert formula here</math>==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: National Belief: the Chinesse Dream===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142159Final exam2022-05-09T07:13:59Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic: */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen —[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 06:40, 9 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Music and Instruments: Chinese Zither<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Tiger===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,taking Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
National Belief: the Chinesse Dream<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142158Final exam2022-05-09T07:12:55Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic: */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen —[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 06:40, 9 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Music and Instruments: Chinese Zither<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Tiger===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs:<br />
Faggotry Culture in China,take Jin Lun as an example.<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
National Belief: the Chinesse Dream<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Final_exam&diff=142156Final exam2022-05-09T07:04:29Z<p>Chen Kun: /* topic: */</p>
<hr />
<div>1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. <br />
<br />
2. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) . Please proof read a fellow students' paper by copying each paragraph and make your corrections in the paragraph. In a final step, the original author of the paper has to decide, what of the corrections he/she will accept and work into the paper. The final version submitted on the deadline should not carry any of the fellow student's paragraphs and comments.<br />
<br />
*You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). You only need to write Text A (like "Longevity Noodles") or Text B ("Mooncakes"), not a whole Unit. But please try to find fellow students who topics fit under the same Unit title ("Festival Meals") and arrange it accordingly.<br />
*In the topic, please write the category, then the topic - your name and student no.<br />
*For the text, please indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. <br />
*Add a section at the end called "References". <br />
*Please also add a list "Terms and Expressions".<br />
*Please add a "Questions" section.<br />
*Please add a "Answers" section.<br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚 ==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Literature:Ancient Literature:Du Fu<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen —[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 06:40, 9 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
Music and Instruments: Chinese Zither<br />
<br />
==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
===topic: Chinese landscape painting ===<br />
<br />
==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
===topic: Music and instrument: Erhu===<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
===topic: Animals：Tiger===<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
===topic: Clothing:Vintage Clothing ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
===topic: ===<br />
<br />
==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
===topic: Science and Technology: bilibili（哔哩哔哩） ===<br />
<br />
==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
===topic: ===</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220502_homework&diff=142091CULTURE2022 20220502 homework2022-05-08T12:06:11Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|Back to the overview of all homework webpages]]<br />
<br />
Quicklinks: [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[CULTURE2022_20220603_final_exam|final exam page]]<br />
<br />
This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
<br />
Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
<br />
This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220307_homework|homework of session 3 for session 4 Mar 14]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220314_homework|homework of session 4 for session 5 Mar 21]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220321_homework|homework of session 5 for session 6 Mar 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220328_homework|homework of session 6 for session 7 Apr 4]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220404_homework|homework of session 7 for session 8 Apr 11]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220411_homework|homework of session 8 for session 9 Apr 18]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220418_homework|homework of session 9 for session 10 Apr 25]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220425_homework|homework of session 10 for session 11 May 2]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220502_homework|homework of session 11 for session 12 May 9]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220509_homework|homework of session 12 for session 13 May 9]]<br />
<br />
PLEASE ALSO READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] <br />
<br />
=Please write your homework directly here=<br />
Just click on the edit button behind your name and add the English translation as a seperate paragraph, separated by blank line. <br />
<br />
While translating, please do not use Pinyin to transcribe names, but use the names by meaning we agreed upon in our [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] list.<br />
<br />
When you have finished writing your homework, please do not forget to click the "save" button and type in the password "wikicaptcha".<br />
<br />
Also, please correct the translation of the fellow student above you by pasting a 2nd English paragraph beneath.<br />
<nowiki></nowiki><br />
<br />
==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
袭人推他道：“姑娘，你闹什么？我们一个丫头，姑娘只是混说。”黛玉笑道：“你说你是丫头，我只拿你当嫂子待。”宝玉道：“你何苦来替他招骂名儿。饶这么着，还有人说闲话，还搁得住你来说这话！”袭人笑道：“林姑娘，你不知道我的心事，除非一口气不来，死了，倒也罢了。”林黛玉笑道：“你死了，别人不知怎么样，我先就哭死了。”宝玉笑道：“你死了，我做和尚去。”袭人道：“你老实些罢！何苦还说这些话。”<br />
<br />
Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, what are you making a scene? One of our maids, I just blabbed." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I only take you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody to make gossip. At that time, there will be no room for you to speak like this." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how others react, but I will first cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will be a monk." Aroma: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:43, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, why are you making such a frolic? She is one of our maids, she is just joking." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I treat you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody making idle talk. At that time, there will be no room for you to say that." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how is others' reaction, but I will cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will become a monk." Aroma said: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--[[User:Chen Kun|Chen Kun]] ([[User talk:Chen Kun|talk]]) 12:06, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
林黛玉将两个指头一伸，抿嘴笑道：“做了两个和尚了！我从今以后，都记着你做和尚的遭数儿。”宝玉听了，知道是他点前日的话，自己一笑，也就罢了。一时黛玉去了，就有人来说：“薛大爷请。”宝玉只得去了，原来是吃酒，不能推辞，只得尽席而散。晚间回来，已带了几分酒，踉跄来至自己院内，只见院中早把乘凉的枕榻设下，榻上有个人睡着。宝玉只当是袭人，一面在榻沿上坐下，一面推他，问道：“疼的好些了？”只见那人翻身起来，说：“何苦来，又招我！<br />
Mascara Jade Forest stretched her two fingers and said with a chuckle: "Two monks! I will remember your experience as a monk from now on." When Precious Jade heard this, she realized that it was he who had spoken the words of the day before. When Mascara Jade has gone, someone said, "Grandpa Marshgrass, please." Precious Jade had to go. She could not refuse because she was having wine. When he returned in the evening, he had brought some wine with him, and staggered to his own courtyard, where he found a couch set for cooling and a man asleep. Taking it as a threat, Precious Jade sat down on the couch and pushed him. "Is the pain better?" she asked. The man stood up and said, "Why bother to recruit me again?"<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉一看，原来不是袭人，却是晴雯。宝玉将他一拉，拉在身旁坐下，笑道：“你的性子越发惯娇了，早起就是跌了扇子，我不过说了那么两句，你就说上那些话。你说我也罢了，袭人好意劝，你又刮拉上他。你自己想想，该不滚？”晴雯道：“怪热的，拉拉扯扯做什么！叫人来看见像什么！我这身子也不配坐在这里。”宝玉笑道：“你既知道不配，为什么睡着呢？”晴雯没的说，“嗤”的又笑了，说道：“你不来使得，你来了就不配了。起来，让我洗澡去。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade took a look and discovered that it's not Aroma but Sunny Cloud Formation. Precious Jade smiled and pulled her to sit down next to him "You have become more and more spoiled. You dropped the fan this morning and I just put a few words on it. Then you said something rude.And it's okay if you blamed on me only. Aroma was just trying to help but you were also mad at her. You think about it---Is it right? Sunny Cloud Formation said" It's so hot! Don't pull and push me! It's not decent if people see us! And also,I'm not qualified to sit here." Precious Jade laughed and said" Then why you fell asleep here if you know you're not qualified?" Sunny Cloud Formation couldn't say anything but laughed out loud" I was qualified until you came here. Get up and let me take a shower."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:09, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人麝月都洗了澡，我叫了他们来。”宝玉笑道：“我才又吃了好些酒，还得诜一洗。你既没有洗，拿了水来，咱们两个洗。”晴雯摇手笑道：“罢，罢！我不敢惹爷。还记得碧痕打发你洗澡，足有两三个时辰，也不知道做什么呢；我们也不好进去的。后来洗完了，进去瞧瞧，地下的水，掩着床腿，连席子上都汪着水，也不知是怎么洗了。笑了几天。我也没功夫收拾水，你也不用同我洗去。今日也凉快，那会子洗了，这会子可以不用，我倒舀一盆水来你洗洗脸，通通头。<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
才鸳鸯送了好些果子来，都湃在那水晶缸里呢。叫他们打发你吃。”宝玉笑道：“既这么着，你也不许洗去，只洗洗手，拿果子来吃罢。”晴雯笑道：“我慌张的连扇子还跌折了，那里还配打发吃果子。倘或再打破盘子，还更了不得呢！”宝玉笑道：“你爱打就打。这些东西，原不过是借人所用，你爱这样，我爱那样，各自性情不同；比如那扇子，原是搧的，你要撕着玩。也可以使得，只是不可生气时拿他出气；就如杯盘，原是盛东西的，<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
你喜欢听那一声响，就故意砸了，也可以使得，只别在生气时拿他出气。这就是爱物了。”晴雯听了，笑道：“既这么说，你就拿了扇子来我撕。我最喜欢听撕的。”宝玉听了，便笑着递与他。晴雯果然接过来，“嗤”的一声，撕了两半。接着又听“嗤”“嗤”几声。宝玉在旁笑着说：“撕得好！再撕响些。”正说着，只见麝月走过来，笑道：“少作些孽罢！”宝玉赶上来，一把将他手里的扇子也夺了递与晴雯。晴雯接了，也撕作几半子，二人都大笑。麝月道：“这是怎么说？拿我的东西开心儿。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
宝玉笑道：“打开扇子匣子你拣了去，什么好东西！”麝月道：“既这么说，就把扇子搬出来，让他尽力撕岂不好？”宝玉笑道：“你就搬去。”麝月道：“我可不造这样孽！他没撕折了手，叫他自己搬去。”晴雯笑着，便倚在床上，说道：“我也乏了，明日再撕罢。”宝玉笑道：“古人云，‘千金难买一笑’，几把扇子，能值几何？”一面说着，一面叫袭人。袭人才换了衣服走出来，小丫头佳蕙过来拾去破扇，大家乘凉，不消细说。至次日午间、王夫人、薛宝钗、林黛玉众姐妹正在贾母房内坐着，<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
就有人回：“史大姑娘来了。”一时，果见史湘云带领众多丫鬟媳妇走进院来。宝钗黛玉等忙迎至阶下相见。青年姊妹间，经月不见，一旦相逢，其亲密自不消说得。一时进入房中，请安同好，都见过了。贾母因说：“天热，把外头的衣服脱脱罢。”史湘云忙起身宽衣。王夫人因而笑道：“也没见穿上这些做什么？”史湘云笑道：“都是二婶娘叫穿的，谁愿意穿这些。”宝钗一旁笑道：“姨妈不知道：他穿衣裳，还更爱穿那别人的衣裳，<br />
<br />
Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile. ––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:30, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:42, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
可记得旧年三四月里，他在这里住着，把宝兄弟的袍子穿上，靴子也穿上，额子也勒上，猛一瞧，倒像是宝兄弟，就是多两个坠子。他站在那椅子背后，哄的老太太只是叫：‘宝玉，你过来，仔细那上头挂的灯穗子招下灰来，迷了眼。’他只是笑，也不过去。后来大家忍不住笑了，老太太才笑了说：‘扮作男人好看了。’”林黛玉道：“这算什么！惟有前年正月里接了他来，住了没两日，下起雪来，老太太和舅母那日想是才拜了影回来，<br />
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During her visit here in March and April last year,she put on cousin Precious's gown and boots,as well as his chaplet. At a instant glance, she just looke like her cousin Precious--except for two extra earrrings.She stood behind the chair, making the old lady call her. "Precious Jade, come here. Don't let the dust from the lantero tassels over your head get in your eyes." She just smiled and didn't move. Then we all burst out laughing and the old lady laughed too. " You look even better dressed as a boy." "You don't know the half of it! " Mascara Jade Forest said. "The year before last she was fetched in the first month, and she'd only been here a couple of days when it started to snow.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:34, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
老太太的一个新新的大红猩猩毡斗篷放在那，谁知跟不见他就披了，又大又长，他就拿两个汗巾子拦腰系上，和丫头们在后院子扑雪人儿去，一跤栽倒沟跟前，弄了一身泥。”说着，大家想着前情，都笑了。宝钗笑问那周奶妈道：“周妈，你们姑娘还那么淘气不淘气了？”周奶妈也笑了。迎春笑道：“淘气也罢了，我就嫌他爱说话；也没见睡在那里还是咭咭呱呱，笑一阵，说一阵，也不知是那里来的那些谎话！”王夫人道：“只怕如今好了。前日有人家来相看，眼见有婆婆家了，还是那么着？”<br />
<br />
“The old lady’s brand-new and scarlet cloak was there, which she put on without being noticed. It looked so large and long for her that she tied two handkerchieves about her waist. Then she went to build a snowman with maids in the back yard, falling over a ditch with dirt and mud on her whole body.”Hearing this and rethinking what happened just now, everyone burst into laughing. Precious Hairpin smiled to Nanny Zhou, “Nanny, are those girls still naughty or not?” Nanny Zhou was amused, too. Spring Pleasure Merchant laughed, “Naughty as they are, their constant talking is what harasses me most. Even though at the bed time they are always gossiping, taliking and laughing. I don’t figure out where they hear from those gossips.” Lady King said, “They are much better now. I heared there was someone coming to date the other day. Is one of them engaged or not?”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:37, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
贾母因问：“今日还是住着，还是家去呢？”周奶妈笑道：“老太太没有看见，衣裳都带了来了，可不住两天。”湘云问道：“宝玉哥哥不在家么？”宝钗笑道：“他再不想着别人，只想宝兄弟，两个人好玩的，这可见还没改了淘气。”贾母道：“如今你们大了，别提小名儿了。”刚说着，只见宝玉来了，笑道：“云妹妹来了！怎么前日打发人接你去，不来？”王夫人道：“这里老太太才说这一个，他又来提名道姓的了。”林黛玉道：“你哥哥有好东西等着你呢。”<br />
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So Grandma Merchant asked, “Would you like to live here or go back home today?” Nanny Surrounding smiled, “You don’t see it that she has brought clothes with her. Apparently, she is going to live here for two days.” “Is Brother Precious Jade not at home?” asked Fragrant-cloud. Precious Hairpin smiled, “She doesn’t think of anyone else but Brother Precious. They two did play well and it suggests that she is still arbitrary.” “Nowadays you all grow up, so don’t talk about others’ nicknames.” As soon as Grandma Merchant was saying, Precious Jade came. He laughed, “Here comes Sister Cloud! Why did you refuse to come here when I sent someone to invite you the other day?” Lady King said, “Grandma was talking about not using nicknames just now and you happened to refer to one.” Mascara Jade Forest said, “There is something nice ahead of you that your brother prepared.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 06:12, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
湘云道：“什么好东西？”宝玉笑道：“你信他！几日不见，越发高了。”湘云笑道：“袭人姐姐好？”宝玉道：“好，多谢你想着。”湘云道：“我给他带了好东西来了。”说着，拿出手帕子来，挽着一个扢搭。宝玉道：“什么好的？你倒不如把前日送来的那绛纹石的戒指儿带两个给他。”湘云笑道：“这是什么？”说着便打开，众人看时，果然是上次送来的那绛纹戒指，一包四个。林黛玉笑道：“你们瞧瞧他这个人，前日一般的打发人给我们送来，你就把他的也带了来，岂不省事？<br />
<br />
Fragrant-cloud said,"What fun thing it is?" Precious Jade laughed,"Don't believe him! A few days no see, he became increasingly naughty." Fragrant-cloud laughed,"How is sister Aroma?" "She is fine. Thank you for your care about her," said Precious Jade. Fragrant-cloud. said,"I bring her something treasured." Then she took out her handkerchief, which wrapping a lump. Precious Jade said," What is the treasured thing? It's better to give her the rings made by red stones that you brought a few days ago." Fragrant-cloud smiled and asked,"So what is this?" Then she opened the handkerchief with laughter. It was the very ring that she brought last time. There were four in total. Mascara Jade laughed,"You see her! Why didn't you brought these to Aroma with that given us the day before yesterday. It saved trouble, wouldn't it?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 08:27, 5 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
今日巴巴儿的自己带了来，我当又是什么新奇东西，原来还是他。真真的是个糊涂人。”史湘云笑道：“你才糊涂呢！我把这理说出来，大家评一评谁期涂。给你们送东西，就是使来的人不用说话，拿进来一看，自然就知是送姑娘们的了，要带了他们的这东西，须得我告诉来人，这是那一个丫头的，那是那一个丫头的。那使来的人明白还好，再糊涂些，丫头的名字也记不得，混闹胡说的，反连你们的东西都搅糊涂了。若是打发个女人来还罢了，偏前日又打发小子来，可怎么说丫头们的名字呢？<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
还是我来给他们带来，岂不清白！”说着，把四个戒指放下，说道：“袭人姐姐一个，鸳鸯姐姐一个，金钏儿姐姐一个，平儿姐姐一个；这倒是四个人的，难道小子们也记得这么清白？”众人听了，都笑道：“果然明白。”宝玉笑道：“还是这么会说话，不让人。”林黛玉听了，冷笑道：“他不会说话，就配带‘金麒麟’了。”一面说着，便起身走了。幸而诸人都不曾听见，只有薛宝钗抿嘴一笑。宝玉听见了，倒自己后悔又说错了话；忽见宝钗一笑，由不得也一笑。宝钗见宝玉笑了，忙起身走开，找了黛玉说笑去了。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
贾母因向湘云道：“吃了茶，歇一歇，瞧瞧你嫂子们去。园里也凉快，同你姐姐们去逛逛。”湘云答应了，因将三个戒指包上，歇了一歇，便起身要瞧凤姐等去。众奶娘丫头跟着，到了凤姐那里，说笑了一回。出来，便往大观园来，见过了李宫裁，少坐片时，便往怡红院来找袭人。因回头说道：“你们不必跟着，只管瞧你们的朋友亲戚去。留下翠缕伏侍就是了。”众人听了，自去寻姑觅嫂，单剩下湘云翠缕两个。翠缕道：“这荷花怎么还不开？”史湘云道：“时候还没到呢。”<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
翠缕道：“这也和咱们家池子里的一样，也是楼子花。”湘云道：“他们这个还不如咱们的。”翠缕道：“他们那边有棵石榴，接连四五枝，真是楼子上起楼子，这也难为他长。”史湘云道：“花草也是同人一样，气脉充足，长的就好。”翠缕把脸一扭，说道：“我不信这话！若说同人一样，我怎么不见头上又长出一个头来的人？”湘云听了，由不得一笑，说道：“我说你不用说话，你偏好说。这叫人怎么好答言？天地间都赋阴阳二气所生，或正或邪，或奇或怪，千变万化，都是阴阳顺逆；<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pool. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are the same as people. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "I said you don't have to talk. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 03:13, 4 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pond. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are like human beings. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "Just be quiet and not so loud. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, and both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:51, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
就是一生出来，人人罕见的，究竟道理还是一样。”翠缕道。“这么说起来，从古至今，开天辟地，都是些阴阳了？”湘云笑道：“糊涂东西，越说越放屁。什么‘都是些阴阳’！况且‘阴’‘阳’两个字，还只是一个字：阳尽了，就成阴，阴尽了，就成阳；不是阴尽了又有一个阳生出来，阳尽了又有个阴生出来。”翠缕道：“这糊涂死我了！什么是个阴阳，没影没形的？我只问姑娘：这阴阳是怎么个样儿？”湘云道：“这阴阳不过是个气罢了。器物赋了，才成形质。譬如天是阳，地就是阴；水是阴，火就是阳；日是阳，月就是阴。”<br />
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Whatever, everything comes from the two things.”Asked Kingfishe. “You mean everything comes into being forced by the two things since the creation?”Fragrant-cloud History anwered: “That is shit. what do they mean by “yin” and “yang”? Nevertheless, the two could be combined into one. When one runs out, it turns into the opposite one. The other follows the same way.Kingfishe asked: “What do you mean? I still could not get it. I just want to ask the girl: what are “yin” and “yang” like? ”Fragrant-cloud answered:"It is just about the two spirits. Spirits are the element of everything. “yin” is like the solar thing and “yang” is like the lunar thing. For instance, sky is about the solar thing, and earth is about the lunar thing. water is about the lunar thing, and fire is about the solar thing and sun is solar thing and moon is lunar thing."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:44, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
翠缕听了，笑道：“是了，是了！我今日可明白了。怪道人都管着日头叫‘太阳’呢，算命的管着月亮叫什么‘太阴星’，就是这个理了。“湘云笑道：“阿弥陀佛！刚刚明白了。”翠缕道：“这些东西有阴阳也罢了，难道那些蚊子、虼蚤、蠓虫儿、花儿、草儿、瓦片儿、砖头儿，也有阴阳不成？”湘云道：“怎么没有呢！比如那一个树叶儿，还分阴阳呢，那边向上朝阳的就是阳，这边背阴覆下的就是阴。”翠缕听了，点头笑道：“原来这样，我可明白了。只是咱们这手里的扇子，怎么是阳，怎么是阴呢？”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
湘云道：“这边正面就为阳，那反面就为阴。”翠缕又点头笑了。还要拿几件东西要问，因想不起什么来，猛低头看见湘云官绦上的金麒麟，便提起来，笑道：“姑娘，这个难道也有阴阳？”湘云道：“走兽飞禽，雄为阳，雌为阴；牝为阴，牡为阳。怎么没有呢？”翠缕道：“这是公的，还是母的呢？”湘云啐道：“什么‘公’的‘母’的！又胡说了。”翠缕道：“这也罢了，怎么东西都有阴阳，咱们人倒没有阴阳呢？”湘云沉了脸说道：“下流东西，好生走罢！越问越说出好的来了！”翠缕道：“这有什么不告诉我的呢？我也知道了，不用难我。”<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
湘云“扑嗤”的笑道：“你知道什么？”翠缕道：“姑娘是阳，我就是阴。”湘云拿手帕子掩着嘴笑起来。翠缕道：“说的是了，就笑的这么样？”湘云道：“很是，很是！”翠缕道：“人家说主子为阳，奴才为阴，我连这个大道理也不懂得？”湘云笑道：“你很懂得。”正说着，只见蔷薇架下金晃晃的一件东西，湘云指着问道：“你看那是什么？”翠缕听了，忙赶去拾起来，看着笑道：“可分出阴阳来了！”说着，先拿史湘云的麒麟瞧。史湘云要他拣的瞧瞧，翠缕只管不放手，笑道：“是件宝贝，姑娘瞧不得！<br />
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Fragrant-cloud History burst out laughing and said:"What do you know?" Kingfisher said that:"If lady you are masculine, I will be feminine." Fragrant-cloud History laughed hiding her face with a handkerchief. Kingfisher said:"Somebody says that the master is masculine and the slaves are feminine. How should I do not know it?" Fragrant-cloud History laughed:"You did know." While saying, she saw an shining object under the framework of rose.Fragrant-cloud History asked:"Look, what is that?" Kingfisher heard that and hurried to pick it up. She looked at it and smiled:"Have you distinguished which is the masculine one and the feminine one?" Saying, she looked at Fragrant-cloud History.Fragrant-cloud History wanted to look hers.Kingfisher did not lose her grip smiling:"It is treasure."--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:44, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
这是从那里来的？好奇怪！我只从来在这里没见人有这个。”湘云道：“拿来我瞧瞧。”翠缕将手一撒，笑道：“姑娘请看。”湘云举目一验，却是文彩辉煌的一个金麒麟，比自己佩的又大又有文彩。湘云伸手擎在掌上，只是默默不语，正自出神，忽见宝玉从那边来了，笑道：“你两个在这日头底下做什么呢？怎么不找袭人去呢？”史湘云连忙将那麒麟藏起，道：“正要去呢，咱们一处走。”说着，大家进人怡红院来。袭人正在阶下倚槛迎风，忽见湘云来了，连忙迎下来，携手笑说一向别情，一面进来归坐。<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen one of these around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Please let me have a look.” Kingfisher threw up his hands，smiled and said，“Look，girl.” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant literary talent，which was bigger and more literary than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand on her palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you two doing？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to，let’s go.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud came and greeted her. She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 11:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen others having this before around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Give it to me to have a look.” Kingfisher threw up one of her hands，smiled and said，“Plese enjoy it .” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant and gorgeous lustre，which was bigger and more magnificent than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand to take over it on the palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you doing under the sun？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to.Then let’s go together.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the handrail to feel the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud come and hastedly greeted her . She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:24, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝玉因问道：“你该早来，我得了一件好东西，专等你呢。”说着，一面在身上掏上半天，“嗳呀”了一声，便向袭人：“那个东西你收起来了么？”袭人道：“什么东西？”宝玉道：“前日得的麒麟。”袭人道：“你天天带在身上的，怎么问我？”宝玉听了，将手一拍，说道：“这可丢了！往那里找去？”就要起身自己寻去。史湘云听了，方知是他遗落的，便笑问道：“你几时又有个麒麟了？”宝玉道：“前日好容易得的呢！不知多早晚丢了，我也糊涂了。”史湘云笑道：“幸而是个玩的东西，还是这么慌张。”<br />
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Then Precious Jade said:"You should come earlier to see my great treasure which is specially for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"Which one do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along every day.Now why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade claped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get a unicorn again?" Precious Jade said:"It consumed me much energy to get it.But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and contiued:"Luckily it was a plaything.But you have become so nervous."--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:08, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade said "you should have come early. I got a treasure for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"what do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along with you every day.So why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade clapped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get it?" Precious Jade said:"I had a hard time getting it before!But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and continued:"Luckily it was just a plaything.And you have become so flustered."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 11:52, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
说着，将手一撒，笑道：“你瞧瞧，是这个不是？”宝玉一见，由不得欢喜非常。要知欢喜的事，下回分解。◎第三十二回诉肺腑心迷活宝玉含耻辱情烈死金钏话说宝玉见那麒麟，心中甚是欢喜，便伸手来拿，笑道：“亏你拣着了！你是何时拾的？”史湘云笑道：“幸而是这个，明日倘或把印也丢了，难道也就罢了不成？”宝玉笑道：“倒是丢了印平常，若丢了这个，我就该死了。”袭人斟了茶来与史湘云吃，一面笑道：“大姑娘，我听前日你大喜呀。”史湘云红了脸吃茶，一声也不答应。<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter. ◎ in Chapter 32, when the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "fortunately, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 13:40, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter (Chapter 32). When the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "luckily, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering. --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:45, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
袭人笑道：“这会子又害臊了？你还记得十年前，咱们在西边暖阁上住着，晚上你同我说的话儿？那会子不害臊，这会子怎么又臊了？”史相云笑道：“你还说呢！那会子咱们那么好，后来我们太太没了，我家去住了一程子，怎么就把你派了跟二哥哥；我来了，你就不象先待我了。”袭人笑道：“你还说呢！先‘姐姐’长，‘姐姐’短哄着我替你梳头洗脸，做这个，弄那个；如今大了，就拿出小姐的款儿来。你既拿小姐的款，我怎么敢亲近呢？”史湘云道：“阿弥陀佛，冤枉冤哉！我要这样，就立刻死了。<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrass now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust for you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:28, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrassed now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust of you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:54, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
你瞧瞧，这么大热天，我来了，必定赶来先瞧瞧你。你不信，你问缕儿，我在家时时刻刻，那一回不念你几声。”话犹未了，袭人和宝玉都劝道：“说玩话儿，你又认真了。还是这么性急。”史湘云道：“你不说你的话咽人，倒说人性急。”一面说，一而打开手帕子，将戒指递与袭人。袭人感谢不尽，因笑道：“你前日送你姐姐们的，我已得了；今日你亲自又送来，可见是没忘了我。只这个就试出你来了。戒指儿能值多少，可见你的心真。”史湘云道：“是谁给你的？”袭人道：“是宝姑娘给我的。”<br />
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looky there,In such a hot day,I have come here and I will never pass up a good chance to meet you.If you do not believe me ,you could ask Lver.I miss you every moment at home."at the words,Attackers and precious jade advised that:"We are joking,but you take it seriously again.Your impatience remains the same."XiangYun Shi said:".You mention my impatience but ignore your annoyinng words".while saying ,she unfold the handkerchief and pass the ring to Attackers.Attackers is extremely grateful and says with smiles:"I am aware of that you have sent many nice things to sisters.Your sending it to me in person implies that you have me in your heart.The ring is not worth a pin but Your sincerity is well tested and brought out through the case"XiangYun Shi asked:"who gave this to you?"Attackers replied:"Precious gave me this."--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:50, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
湘云叹道：“我只当林姐姐送你的，原来是宝姐姐给了你。我天天在家里想着，这些姐姐们，再没一个比宝姐姐好的。可惜我们不是一个娘养的，我但凡有这么个亲姐姐，就是没了父母，也没妨碍的。”说着，眼圈儿就红了。宝玉道：“罢，罢，罢！不用提起这个话了。”史湘云道：“提这个便怎么？我知道你的心病：恐怕你的林妹妹听见，又嗔我赞了宝姐姐了。可是为这个不是？”袭人在旁“嗤”的一笑，说道：“云姑娘，你如今大了，越发心直嘴快了。”宝玉笑道：我说你们这几个人难说话，果然不错。”<br />
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Fragrant-cloud sighed, "It was Sister Precious. I thought it was Sister Forest who gave you this. All these sisters are no better than her. Unfortunately we have not the same parents. Had I had a elder sister like her, loss of parents would have mattered little." The rims of her eyes went red. Precious Jade said, "Enough, enough, enough. No need to mention this." Fragrant-cloud said, "What if I had mentioned it? I know what you're thinking about--if your Sister Forest heard this, she would be unhappy that I spoke highly of Sister Precious. Aren't you concerning this?" Aroma chuckled and said, "Miss Cloud, now you're growing older and more straightforward." Precious Jade replied, smiling, "I was never wrong saying that it difficult to talk with you girls."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 16:26, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
史湘云道：“好哥哥，你不必说话叫我恶心；只会在我跟前说话，见了你林妹妹，又不知怎么好了。”袭人道：“且别说玩话，正有一件事要求你呢。”史湘云便问：“什么事？”袭人道：“有一双鞋，抠了垫心子，我这两日身上不好，不得做，你可有工夫替我做做？”史湘云道：“这又奇了。你家放着这些巧人不算，还有什么针线上的，裁剪上的，怎么叫我做起来？你的活计叫人做，谁好意思不做呢？”袭人笑道：“你又糊涂了！你难道不知道：我们这屋里的针线，是不要那些针线上的人做的。”<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t you say that! You’ll provoke me to displeasure. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would once more not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma. “I have a favor to plead with you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to work at them. If you have any leisure to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “Putting aside all the skillful girls serving in your household, you have besides some people for doing needlework and others for tailoring and cutting; and how is it you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask anyone to do your work, who could very well refuse to do it?” “Here you are in another stupid mood!” laughs Aroma. “Can it be that you don’t know that our sewing in these rooms mayn’t be done by those needleworkers.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t say that! You’ll provoke my disgust. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma, “I have a favor to plead you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to finish them. Maybe you have any leisure time to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “ why do you put aside all the ingenious girls serving in your household and people for doing needlework and for tailoring and cutting; and why do you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask those people to do your work, who would refuse?” “Here you are in a stupid mood again!” laughs Aroma. “Don’t you know that the sewing in our rooms can’t be done by those needleworkers?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:26, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
史湘云听了，便知是宝玉的鞋，因笑道：“既这么说，我就替你做做罢。只是一件，你的我才做，别人的我可不能。”袭人笑道：“又来了！我是个什么儿，就敢烦你做鞋了。实告诉你：可不是我的，你别管是谁的，横竖我领情就是了。”史湘云道：“论理，你的东西也不知烦我做了多少。今日我倒不做的原故，你必定也知道。”袭人道：“我倒也不知道。”史湘云冷笑道：“前日我听见把我做的扇套儿拿着和人家比，赌气又铰了。我早就听见了，你还瞒我？这会子又叫我做，我成了你们奴才了。”<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:22, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:20, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉忙笑道：“前日的那事本不知是你做的。”袭人也笑道：“他本不知是你做的，是我哄他的话，说是新近外头有个会做活的，扎的绝出奇的好花儿，我叫他们拿了一个扇套儿试试看好不好，他就信了，拿出去给这个瞧、那个看的。不知怎么又惹恼了那一位，铰了两段。回来他还叫赶着做去，我才说了是你做的，他后悔的什么似的。”史湘云道：“这越发奇了。林姑娘也犯不上生气，他既会剪，就叫他做。”袭人道：“他可不做呢。饶这么着，老太太还怕他劳碌着了。<br />
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"As to what occurred the other day," hastily explained Precious Jade smiling, "I positively had no idea that that thing was your handiwork." "He never knew that you'd done it," Aroma also laughed. "I deceived him by telling him that there had been of late some capital hands at needlework outside, who could execute any embroidery with surpassing beauty, and that I had asked them to bring a fan-case so as to try them and to see whether they could actually work well or not. He at once believed what I said. But as he produced the case and gave it to this one and that one to look at, he somehow or other, I don't know how, managed again to put some one's back up, and she cut it into two. On his return, however, he bade me hurry the men to make another; and when at length I explained to him that it had been worked by you, he felt, I can't tell you, what keen regret!" "This is getting stranger and stranger!" said Fragrant-cloud History . "It wasn't worth the while for Miss Lin to lose her temper about it. But as she plies the scissors so admirably, why, you might as well tell her to finish the shoes for you." "She couldn't," replied Aroma, "for besides other things our venerable lady is still in fear and trembling lest she should tire herself in any way.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:19, 8 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220502_homework&diff=142090CULTURE2022 20220502 homework2022-05-08T12:05:19Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
袭人推他道：“姑娘，你闹什么？我们一个丫头，姑娘只是混说。”黛玉笑道：“你说你是丫头，我只拿你当嫂子待。”宝玉道：“你何苦来替他招骂名儿。饶这么着，还有人说闲话，还搁得住你来说这话！”袭人笑道：“林姑娘，你不知道我的心事，除非一口气不来，死了，倒也罢了。”林黛玉笑道：“你死了，别人不知怎么样，我先就哭死了。”宝玉笑道：“你死了，我做和尚去。”袭人道：“你老实些罢！何苦还说这些话。”<br />
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Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, what are you making a scene? One of our maids, I just blabbed." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I only take you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody to make gossip. At that time, there will be no room for you to speak like this." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how others react, but I will first cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will be a monk." Aroma: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:43, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, why are you making such a frolic? She is one of our maids, she is just joking." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I treat you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody making idle talk. At that time, there will be no room for you to say that." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how is others' reaction, but I will cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will become a monk." Aroma said: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--～～～～<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
林黛玉将两个指头一伸，抿嘴笑道：“做了两个和尚了！我从今以后，都记着你做和尚的遭数儿。”宝玉听了，知道是他点前日的话，自己一笑，也就罢了。一时黛玉去了，就有人来说：“薛大爷请。”宝玉只得去了，原来是吃酒，不能推辞，只得尽席而散。晚间回来，已带了几分酒，踉跄来至自己院内，只见院中早把乘凉的枕榻设下，榻上有个人睡着。宝玉只当是袭人，一面在榻沿上坐下，一面推他，问道：“疼的好些了？”只见那人翻身起来，说：“何苦来，又招我！<br />
Mascara Jade Forest stretched her two fingers and said with a chuckle: "Two monks! I will remember your experience as a monk from now on." When Precious Jade heard this, she realized that it was he who had spoken the words of the day before. When Mascara Jade has gone, someone said, "Grandpa Marshgrass, please." Precious Jade had to go. She could not refuse because she was having wine. When he returned in the evening, he had brought some wine with him, and staggered to his own courtyard, where he found a couch set for cooling and a man asleep. Taking it as a threat, Precious Jade sat down on the couch and pushed him. "Is the pain better?" she asked. The man stood up and said, "Why bother to recruit me again?"<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉一看，原来不是袭人，却是晴雯。宝玉将他一拉，拉在身旁坐下，笑道：“你的性子越发惯娇了，早起就是跌了扇子，我不过说了那么两句，你就说上那些话。你说我也罢了，袭人好意劝，你又刮拉上他。你自己想想，该不滚？”晴雯道：“怪热的，拉拉扯扯做什么！叫人来看见像什么！我这身子也不配坐在这里。”宝玉笑道：“你既知道不配，为什么睡着呢？”晴雯没的说，“嗤”的又笑了，说道：“你不来使得，你来了就不配了。起来，让我洗澡去。<br />
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Precious Jade took a look and discovered that it's not Aroma but Sunny Cloud Formation. Precious Jade smiled and pulled her to sit down next to him "You have become more and more spoiled. You dropped the fan this morning and I just put a few words on it. Then you said something rude.And it's okay if you blamed on me only. Aroma was just trying to help but you were also mad at her. You think about it---Is it right? Sunny Cloud Formation said" It's so hot! Don't pull and push me! It's not decent if people see us! And also,I'm not qualified to sit here." Precious Jade laughed and said" Then why you fell asleep here if you know you're not qualified?" Sunny Cloud Formation couldn't say anything but laughed out loud" I was qualified until you came here. Get up and let me take a shower."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:09, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人麝月都洗了澡，我叫了他们来。”宝玉笑道：“我才又吃了好些酒，还得诜一洗。你既没有洗，拿了水来，咱们两个洗。”晴雯摇手笑道：“罢，罢！我不敢惹爷。还记得碧痕打发你洗澡，足有两三个时辰，也不知道做什么呢；我们也不好进去的。后来洗完了，进去瞧瞧，地下的水，掩着床腿，连席子上都汪着水，也不知是怎么洗了。笑了几天。我也没功夫收拾水，你也不用同我洗去。今日也凉快，那会子洗了，这会子可以不用，我倒舀一盆水来你洗洗脸，通通头。<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
才鸳鸯送了好些果子来，都湃在那水晶缸里呢。叫他们打发你吃。”宝玉笑道：“既这么着，你也不许洗去，只洗洗手，拿果子来吃罢。”晴雯笑道：“我慌张的连扇子还跌折了，那里还配打发吃果子。倘或再打破盘子，还更了不得呢！”宝玉笑道：“你爱打就打。这些东西，原不过是借人所用，你爱这样，我爱那样，各自性情不同；比如那扇子，原是搧的，你要撕着玩。也可以使得，只是不可生气时拿他出气；就如杯盘，原是盛东西的，<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
你喜欢听那一声响，就故意砸了，也可以使得，只别在生气时拿他出气。这就是爱物了。”晴雯听了，笑道：“既这么说，你就拿了扇子来我撕。我最喜欢听撕的。”宝玉听了，便笑着递与他。晴雯果然接过来，“嗤”的一声，撕了两半。接着又听“嗤”“嗤”几声。宝玉在旁笑着说：“撕得好！再撕响些。”正说着，只见麝月走过来，笑道：“少作些孽罢！”宝玉赶上来，一把将他手里的扇子也夺了递与晴雯。晴雯接了，也撕作几半子，二人都大笑。麝月道：“这是怎么说？拿我的东西开心儿。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
宝玉笑道：“打开扇子匣子你拣了去，什么好东西！”麝月道：“既这么说，就把扇子搬出来，让他尽力撕岂不好？”宝玉笑道：“你就搬去。”麝月道：“我可不造这样孽！他没撕折了手，叫他自己搬去。”晴雯笑着，便倚在床上，说道：“我也乏了，明日再撕罢。”宝玉笑道：“古人云，‘千金难买一笑’，几把扇子，能值几何？”一面说着，一面叫袭人。袭人才换了衣服走出来，小丫头佳蕙过来拾去破扇，大家乘凉，不消细说。至次日午间、王夫人、薛宝钗、林黛玉众姐妹正在贾母房内坐着，<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
就有人回：“史大姑娘来了。”一时，果见史湘云带领众多丫鬟媳妇走进院来。宝钗黛玉等忙迎至阶下相见。青年姊妹间，经月不见，一旦相逢，其亲密自不消说得。一时进入房中，请安同好，都见过了。贾母因说：“天热，把外头的衣服脱脱罢。”史湘云忙起身宽衣。王夫人因而笑道：“也没见穿上这些做什么？”史湘云笑道：“都是二婶娘叫穿的，谁愿意穿这些。”宝钗一旁笑道：“姨妈不知道：他穿衣裳，还更爱穿那别人的衣裳，<br />
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Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile. ––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:30, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:42, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
可记得旧年三四月里，他在这里住着，把宝兄弟的袍子穿上，靴子也穿上，额子也勒上，猛一瞧，倒像是宝兄弟，就是多两个坠子。他站在那椅子背后，哄的老太太只是叫：‘宝玉，你过来，仔细那上头挂的灯穗子招下灰来，迷了眼。’他只是笑，也不过去。后来大家忍不住笑了，老太太才笑了说：‘扮作男人好看了。’”林黛玉道：“这算什么！惟有前年正月里接了他来，住了没两日，下起雪来，老太太和舅母那日想是才拜了影回来，<br />
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During her visit here in March and April last year,she put on cousin Precious's gown and boots,as well as his chaplet. At a instant glance, she just looke like her cousin Precious--except for two extra earrrings.She stood behind the chair, making the old lady call her. "Precious Jade, come here. Don't let the dust from the lantero tassels over your head get in your eyes." She just smiled and didn't move. Then we all burst out laughing and the old lady laughed too. " You look even better dressed as a boy." "You don't know the half of it! " Mascara Jade Forest said. "The year before last she was fetched in the first month, and she'd only been here a couple of days when it started to snow.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:34, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
老太太的一个新新的大红猩猩毡斗篷放在那，谁知跟不见他就披了，又大又长，他就拿两个汗巾子拦腰系上，和丫头们在后院子扑雪人儿去，一跤栽倒沟跟前，弄了一身泥。”说着，大家想着前情，都笑了。宝钗笑问那周奶妈道：“周妈，你们姑娘还那么淘气不淘气了？”周奶妈也笑了。迎春笑道：“淘气也罢了，我就嫌他爱说话；也没见睡在那里还是咭咭呱呱，笑一阵，说一阵，也不知是那里来的那些谎话！”王夫人道：“只怕如今好了。前日有人家来相看，眼见有婆婆家了，还是那么着？”<br />
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“The old lady’s brand-new and scarlet cloak was there, which she put on without being noticed. It looked so large and long for her that she tied two handkerchieves about her waist. Then she went to build a snowman with maids in the back yard, falling over a ditch with dirt and mud on her whole body.”Hearing this and rethinking what happened just now, everyone burst into laughing. Precious Hairpin smiled to Nanny Zhou, “Nanny, are those girls still naughty or not?” Nanny Zhou was amused, too. Spring Pleasure Merchant laughed, “Naughty as they are, their constant talking is what harasses me most. Even though at the bed time they are always gossiping, taliking and laughing. I don’t figure out where they hear from those gossips.” Lady King said, “They are much better now. I heared there was someone coming to date the other day. Is one of them engaged or not?”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:37, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
贾母因问：“今日还是住着，还是家去呢？”周奶妈笑道：“老太太没有看见，衣裳都带了来了，可不住两天。”湘云问道：“宝玉哥哥不在家么？”宝钗笑道：“他再不想着别人，只想宝兄弟，两个人好玩的，这可见还没改了淘气。”贾母道：“如今你们大了，别提小名儿了。”刚说着，只见宝玉来了，笑道：“云妹妹来了！怎么前日打发人接你去，不来？”王夫人道：“这里老太太才说这一个，他又来提名道姓的了。”林黛玉道：“你哥哥有好东西等着你呢。”<br />
<br />
So Grandma Merchant asked, “Would you like to live here or go back home today?” Nanny Surrounding smiled, “You don’t see it that she has brought clothes with her. Apparently, she is going to live here for two days.” “Is Brother Precious Jade not at home?” asked Fragrant-cloud. Precious Hairpin smiled, “She doesn’t think of anyone else but Brother Precious. They two did play well and it suggests that she is still arbitrary.” “Nowadays you all grow up, so don’t talk about others’ nicknames.” As soon as Grandma Merchant was saying, Precious Jade came. He laughed, “Here comes Sister Cloud! Why did you refuse to come here when I sent someone to invite you the other day?” Lady King said, “Grandma was talking about not using nicknames just now and you happened to refer to one.” Mascara Jade Forest said, “There is something nice ahead of you that your brother prepared.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 06:12, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
湘云道：“什么好东西？”宝玉笑道：“你信他！几日不见，越发高了。”湘云笑道：“袭人姐姐好？”宝玉道：“好，多谢你想着。”湘云道：“我给他带了好东西来了。”说着，拿出手帕子来，挽着一个扢搭。宝玉道：“什么好的？你倒不如把前日送来的那绛纹石的戒指儿带两个给他。”湘云笑道：“这是什么？”说着便打开，众人看时，果然是上次送来的那绛纹戒指，一包四个。林黛玉笑道：“你们瞧瞧他这个人，前日一般的打发人给我们送来，你就把他的也带了来，岂不省事？<br />
<br />
Fragrant-cloud said,"What fun thing it is?" Precious Jade laughed,"Don't believe him! A few days no see, he became increasingly naughty." Fragrant-cloud laughed,"How is sister Aroma?" "She is fine. Thank you for your care about her," said Precious Jade. Fragrant-cloud. said,"I bring her something treasured." Then she took out her handkerchief, which wrapping a lump. Precious Jade said," What is the treasured thing? It's better to give her the rings made by red stones that you brought a few days ago." Fragrant-cloud smiled and asked,"So what is this?" Then she opened the handkerchief with laughter. It was the very ring that she brought last time. There were four in total. Mascara Jade laughed,"You see her! Why didn't you brought these to Aroma with that given us the day before yesterday. It saved trouble, wouldn't it?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 08:27, 5 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
今日巴巴儿的自己带了来，我当又是什么新奇东西，原来还是他。真真的是个糊涂人。”史湘云笑道：“你才糊涂呢！我把这理说出来，大家评一评谁期涂。给你们送东西，就是使来的人不用说话，拿进来一看，自然就知是送姑娘们的了，要带了他们的这东西，须得我告诉来人，这是那一个丫头的，那是那一个丫头的。那使来的人明白还好，再糊涂些，丫头的名字也记不得，混闹胡说的，反连你们的东西都搅糊涂了。若是打发个女人来还罢了，偏前日又打发小子来，可怎么说丫头们的名字呢？<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
还是我来给他们带来，岂不清白！”说着，把四个戒指放下，说道：“袭人姐姐一个，鸳鸯姐姐一个，金钏儿姐姐一个，平儿姐姐一个；这倒是四个人的，难道小子们也记得这么清白？”众人听了，都笑道：“果然明白。”宝玉笑道：“还是这么会说话，不让人。”林黛玉听了，冷笑道：“他不会说话，就配带‘金麒麟’了。”一面说着，便起身走了。幸而诸人都不曾听见，只有薛宝钗抿嘴一笑。宝玉听见了，倒自己后悔又说错了话；忽见宝钗一笑，由不得也一笑。宝钗见宝玉笑了，忙起身走开，找了黛玉说笑去了。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
贾母因向湘云道：“吃了茶，歇一歇，瞧瞧你嫂子们去。园里也凉快，同你姐姐们去逛逛。”湘云答应了，因将三个戒指包上，歇了一歇，便起身要瞧凤姐等去。众奶娘丫头跟着，到了凤姐那里，说笑了一回。出来，便往大观园来，见过了李宫裁，少坐片时，便往怡红院来找袭人。因回头说道：“你们不必跟着，只管瞧你们的朋友亲戚去。留下翠缕伏侍就是了。”众人听了，自去寻姑觅嫂，单剩下湘云翠缕两个。翠缕道：“这荷花怎么还不开？”史湘云道：“时候还没到呢。”<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
翠缕道：“这也和咱们家池子里的一样，也是楼子花。”湘云道：“他们这个还不如咱们的。”翠缕道：“他们那边有棵石榴，接连四五枝，真是楼子上起楼子，这也难为他长。”史湘云道：“花草也是同人一样，气脉充足，长的就好。”翠缕把脸一扭，说道：“我不信这话！若说同人一样，我怎么不见头上又长出一个头来的人？”湘云听了，由不得一笑，说道：“我说你不用说话，你偏好说。这叫人怎么好答言？天地间都赋阴阳二气所生，或正或邪，或奇或怪，千变万化，都是阴阳顺逆；<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pool. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are the same as people. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "I said you don't have to talk. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 03:13, 4 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pond. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are like human beings. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "Just be quiet and not so loud. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, and both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:51, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
就是一生出来，人人罕见的，究竟道理还是一样。”翠缕道。“这么说起来，从古至今，开天辟地，都是些阴阳了？”湘云笑道：“糊涂东西，越说越放屁。什么‘都是些阴阳’！况且‘阴’‘阳’两个字，还只是一个字：阳尽了，就成阴，阴尽了，就成阳；不是阴尽了又有一个阳生出来，阳尽了又有个阴生出来。”翠缕道：“这糊涂死我了！什么是个阴阳，没影没形的？我只问姑娘：这阴阳是怎么个样儿？”湘云道：“这阴阳不过是个气罢了。器物赋了，才成形质。譬如天是阳，地就是阴；水是阴，火就是阳；日是阳，月就是阴。”<br />
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Whatever, everything comes from the two things.”Asked Kingfishe. “You mean everything comes into being forced by the two things since the creation?”Fragrant-cloud History anwered: “That is shit. what do they mean by “yin” and “yang”? Nevertheless, the two could be combined into one. When one runs out, it turns into the opposite one. The other follows the same way.Kingfishe asked: “What do you mean? I still could not get it. I just want to ask the girl: what are “yin” and “yang” like? ”Fragrant-cloud answered:"It is just about the two spirits. Spirits are the element of everything. “yin” is like the solar thing and “yang” is like the lunar thing. For instance, sky is about the solar thing, and earth is about the lunar thing. water is about the lunar thing, and fire is about the solar thing and sun is solar thing and moon is lunar thing."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:44, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
翠缕听了，笑道：“是了，是了！我今日可明白了。怪道人都管着日头叫‘太阳’呢，算命的管着月亮叫什么‘太阴星’，就是这个理了。“湘云笑道：“阿弥陀佛！刚刚明白了。”翠缕道：“这些东西有阴阳也罢了，难道那些蚊子、虼蚤、蠓虫儿、花儿、草儿、瓦片儿、砖头儿，也有阴阳不成？”湘云道：“怎么没有呢！比如那一个树叶儿，还分阴阳呢，那边向上朝阳的就是阳，这边背阴覆下的就是阴。”翠缕听了，点头笑道：“原来这样，我可明白了。只是咱们这手里的扇子，怎么是阳，怎么是阴呢？”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
湘云道：“这边正面就为阳，那反面就为阴。”翠缕又点头笑了。还要拿几件东西要问，因想不起什么来，猛低头看见湘云官绦上的金麒麟，便提起来，笑道：“姑娘，这个难道也有阴阳？”湘云道：“走兽飞禽，雄为阳，雌为阴；牝为阴，牡为阳。怎么没有呢？”翠缕道：“这是公的，还是母的呢？”湘云啐道：“什么‘公’的‘母’的！又胡说了。”翠缕道：“这也罢了，怎么东西都有阴阳，咱们人倒没有阴阳呢？”湘云沉了脸说道：“下流东西，好生走罢！越问越说出好的来了！”翠缕道：“这有什么不告诉我的呢？我也知道了，不用难我。”<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
湘云“扑嗤”的笑道：“你知道什么？”翠缕道：“姑娘是阳，我就是阴。”湘云拿手帕子掩着嘴笑起来。翠缕道：“说的是了，就笑的这么样？”湘云道：“很是，很是！”翠缕道：“人家说主子为阳，奴才为阴，我连这个大道理也不懂得？”湘云笑道：“你很懂得。”正说着，只见蔷薇架下金晃晃的一件东西，湘云指着问道：“你看那是什么？”翠缕听了，忙赶去拾起来，看着笑道：“可分出阴阳来了！”说着，先拿史湘云的麒麟瞧。史湘云要他拣的瞧瞧，翠缕只管不放手，笑道：“是件宝贝，姑娘瞧不得！<br />
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Fragrant-cloud History burst out laughing and said:"What do you know?" Kingfisher said that:"If lady you are masculine, I will be feminine." Fragrant-cloud History laughed hiding her face with a handkerchief. Kingfisher said:"Somebody says that the master is masculine and the slaves are feminine. How should I do not know it?" Fragrant-cloud History laughed:"You did know." While saying, she saw an shining object under the framework of rose.Fragrant-cloud History asked:"Look, what is that?" Kingfisher heard that and hurried to pick it up. She looked at it and smiled:"Have you distinguished which is the masculine one and the feminine one?" Saying, she looked at Fragrant-cloud History.Fragrant-cloud History wanted to look hers.Kingfisher did not lose her grip smiling:"It is treasure."--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:44, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
这是从那里来的？好奇怪！我只从来在这里没见人有这个。”湘云道：“拿来我瞧瞧。”翠缕将手一撒，笑道：“姑娘请看。”湘云举目一验，却是文彩辉煌的一个金麒麟，比自己佩的又大又有文彩。湘云伸手擎在掌上，只是默默不语，正自出神，忽见宝玉从那边来了，笑道：“你两个在这日头底下做什么呢？怎么不找袭人去呢？”史湘云连忙将那麒麟藏起，道：“正要去呢，咱们一处走。”说着，大家进人怡红院来。袭人正在阶下倚槛迎风，忽见湘云来了，连忙迎下来，携手笑说一向别情，一面进来归坐。<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen one of these around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Please let me have a look.” Kingfisher threw up his hands，smiled and said，“Look，girl.” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant literary talent，which was bigger and more literary than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand on her palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you two doing？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to，let’s go.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud came and greeted her. She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 11:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen others having this before around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Give it to me to have a look.” Kingfisher threw up one of her hands，smiled and said，“Plese enjoy it .” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant and gorgeous lustre，which was bigger and more magnificent than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand to take over it on the palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you doing under the sun？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to.Then let’s go together.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the handrail to feel the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud come and hastedly greeted her . She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:24, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝玉因问道：“你该早来，我得了一件好东西，专等你呢。”说着，一面在身上掏上半天，“嗳呀”了一声，便向袭人：“那个东西你收起来了么？”袭人道：“什么东西？”宝玉道：“前日得的麒麟。”袭人道：“你天天带在身上的，怎么问我？”宝玉听了，将手一拍，说道：“这可丢了！往那里找去？”就要起身自己寻去。史湘云听了，方知是他遗落的，便笑问道：“你几时又有个麒麟了？”宝玉道：“前日好容易得的呢！不知多早晚丢了，我也糊涂了。”史湘云笑道：“幸而是个玩的东西，还是这么慌张。”<br />
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Then Precious Jade said:"You should come earlier to see my great treasure which is specially for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"Which one do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along every day.Now why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade claped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get a unicorn again?" Precious Jade said:"It consumed me much energy to get it.But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and contiued:"Luckily it was a plaything.But you have become so nervous."--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:08, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade said "you should have come early. I got a treasure for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"what do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along with you every day.So why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade clapped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get it?" Precious Jade said:"I had a hard time getting it before!But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and continued:"Luckily it was just a plaything.And you have become so flustered."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 11:52, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
说着，将手一撒，笑道：“你瞧瞧，是这个不是？”宝玉一见，由不得欢喜非常。要知欢喜的事，下回分解。◎第三十二回诉肺腑心迷活宝玉含耻辱情烈死金钏话说宝玉见那麒麟，心中甚是欢喜，便伸手来拿，笑道：“亏你拣着了！你是何时拾的？”史湘云笑道：“幸而是这个，明日倘或把印也丢了，难道也就罢了不成？”宝玉笑道：“倒是丢了印平常，若丢了这个，我就该死了。”袭人斟了茶来与史湘云吃，一面笑道：“大姑娘，我听前日你大喜呀。”史湘云红了脸吃茶，一声也不答应。<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter. ◎ in Chapter 32, when the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "fortunately, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 13:40, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter (Chapter 32). When the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "luckily, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering. --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:45, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
袭人笑道：“这会子又害臊了？你还记得十年前，咱们在西边暖阁上住着，晚上你同我说的话儿？那会子不害臊，这会子怎么又臊了？”史相云笑道：“你还说呢！那会子咱们那么好，后来我们太太没了，我家去住了一程子，怎么就把你派了跟二哥哥；我来了，你就不象先待我了。”袭人笑道：“你还说呢！先‘姐姐’长，‘姐姐’短哄着我替你梳头洗脸，做这个，弄那个；如今大了，就拿出小姐的款儿来。你既拿小姐的款，我怎么敢亲近呢？”史湘云道：“阿弥陀佛，冤枉冤哉！我要这样，就立刻死了。<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrass now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust for you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:28, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrassed now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust of you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:54, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
你瞧瞧，这么大热天，我来了，必定赶来先瞧瞧你。你不信，你问缕儿，我在家时时刻刻，那一回不念你几声。”话犹未了，袭人和宝玉都劝道：“说玩话儿，你又认真了。还是这么性急。”史湘云道：“你不说你的话咽人，倒说人性急。”一面说，一而打开手帕子，将戒指递与袭人。袭人感谢不尽，因笑道：“你前日送你姐姐们的，我已得了；今日你亲自又送来，可见是没忘了我。只这个就试出你来了。戒指儿能值多少，可见你的心真。”史湘云道：“是谁给你的？”袭人道：“是宝姑娘给我的。”<br />
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<br />
looky there,In such a hot day,I have come here and I will never pass up a good chance to meet you.If you do not believe me ,you could ask Lver.I miss you every moment at home."at the words,Attackers and precious jade advised that:"We are joking,but you take it seriously again.Your impatience remains the same."XiangYun Shi said:".You mention my impatience but ignore your annoyinng words".while saying ,she unfold the handkerchief and pass the ring to Attackers.Attackers is extremely grateful and says with smiles:"I am aware of that you have sent many nice things to sisters.Your sending it to me in person implies that you have me in your heart.The ring is not worth a pin but Your sincerity is well tested and brought out through the case"XiangYun Shi asked:"who gave this to you?"Attackers replied:"Precious gave me this."--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:50, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
湘云叹道：“我只当林姐姐送你的，原来是宝姐姐给了你。我天天在家里想着，这些姐姐们，再没一个比宝姐姐好的。可惜我们不是一个娘养的，我但凡有这么个亲姐姐，就是没了父母，也没妨碍的。”说着，眼圈儿就红了。宝玉道：“罢，罢，罢！不用提起这个话了。”史湘云道：“提这个便怎么？我知道你的心病：恐怕你的林妹妹听见，又嗔我赞了宝姐姐了。可是为这个不是？”袭人在旁“嗤”的一笑，说道：“云姑娘，你如今大了，越发心直嘴快了。”宝玉笑道：我说你们这几个人难说话，果然不错。”<br />
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Fragrant-cloud sighed, "It was Sister Precious. I thought it was Sister Forest who gave you this. All these sisters are no better than her. Unfortunately we have not the same parents. Had I had a elder sister like her, loss of parents would have mattered little." The rims of her eyes went red. Precious Jade said, "Enough, enough, enough. No need to mention this." Fragrant-cloud said, "What if I had mentioned it? I know what you're thinking about--if your Sister Forest heard this, she would be unhappy that I spoke highly of Sister Precious. Aren't you concerning this?" Aroma chuckled and said, "Miss Cloud, now you're growing older and more straightforward." Precious Jade replied, smiling, "I was never wrong saying that it difficult to talk with you girls."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 16:26, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
史湘云道：“好哥哥，你不必说话叫我恶心；只会在我跟前说话，见了你林妹妹，又不知怎么好了。”袭人道：“且别说玩话，正有一件事要求你呢。”史湘云便问：“什么事？”袭人道：“有一双鞋，抠了垫心子，我这两日身上不好，不得做，你可有工夫替我做做？”史湘云道：“这又奇了。你家放着这些巧人不算，还有什么针线上的，裁剪上的，怎么叫我做起来？你的活计叫人做，谁好意思不做呢？”袭人笑道：“你又糊涂了！你难道不知道：我们这屋里的针线，是不要那些针线上的人做的。”<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t you say that! You’ll provoke me to displeasure. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would once more not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma. “I have a favor to plead with you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to work at them. If you have any leisure to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “Putting aside all the skillful girls serving in your household, you have besides some people for doing needlework and others for tailoring and cutting; and how is it you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask anyone to do your work, who could very well refuse to do it?” “Here you are in another stupid mood!” laughs Aroma. “Can it be that you don’t know that our sewing in these rooms mayn’t be done by those needleworkers.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t say that! You’ll provoke my disgust. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma, “I have a favor to plead you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to finish them. Maybe you have any leisure time to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “ why do you put aside all the ingenious girls serving in your household and people for doing needlework and for tailoring and cutting; and why do you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask those people to do your work, who would refuse?” “Here you are in a stupid mood again!” laughs Aroma. “Don’t you know that the sewing in our rooms can’t be done by those needleworkers?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:26, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
史湘云听了，便知是宝玉的鞋，因笑道：“既这么说，我就替你做做罢。只是一件，你的我才做，别人的我可不能。”袭人笑道：“又来了！我是个什么儿，就敢烦你做鞋了。实告诉你：可不是我的，你别管是谁的，横竖我领情就是了。”史湘云道：“论理，你的东西也不知烦我做了多少。今日我倒不做的原故，你必定也知道。”袭人道：“我倒也不知道。”史湘云冷笑道：“前日我听见把我做的扇套儿拿着和人家比，赌气又铰了。我早就听见了，你还瞒我？这会子又叫我做，我成了你们奴才了。”<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:22, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:20, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉忙笑道：“前日的那事本不知是你做的。”袭人也笑道：“他本不知是你做的，是我哄他的话，说是新近外头有个会做活的，扎的绝出奇的好花儿，我叫他们拿了一个扇套儿试试看好不好，他就信了，拿出去给这个瞧、那个看的。不知怎么又惹恼了那一位，铰了两段。回来他还叫赶着做去，我才说了是你做的，他后悔的什么似的。”史湘云道：“这越发奇了。林姑娘也犯不上生气，他既会剪，就叫他做。”袭人道：“他可不做呢。饶这么着，老太太还怕他劳碌着了。<br />
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"As to what occurred the other day," hastily explained Precious Jade smiling, "I positively had no idea that that thing was your handiwork." "He never knew that you'd done it," Aroma also laughed. "I deceived him by telling him that there had been of late some capital hands at needlework outside, who could execute any embroidery with surpassing beauty, and that I had asked them to bring a fan-case so as to try them and to see whether they could actually work well or not. He at once believed what I said. But as he produced the case and gave it to this one and that one to look at, he somehow or other, I don't know how, managed again to put some one's back up, and she cut it into two. On his return, however, he bade me hurry the men to make another; and when at length I explained to him that it had been worked by you, he felt, I can't tell you, what keen regret!" "This is getting stranger and stranger!" said Fragrant-cloud History . "It wasn't worth the while for Miss Lin to lose her temper about it. But as she plies the scissors so admirably, why, you might as well tell her to finish the shoes for you." "She couldn't," replied Aroma, "for besides other things our venerable lady is still in fear and trembling lest she should tire herself in any way.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:19, 8 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220502_homework&diff=142088CULTURE2022 20220502 homework2022-05-08T12:03:57Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
袭人推他道：“姑娘，你闹什么？我们一个丫头，姑娘只是混说。”黛玉笑道：“你说你是丫头，我只拿你当嫂子待。”宝玉道：“你何苦来替他招骂名儿。饶这么着，还有人说闲话，还搁得住你来说这话！”袭人笑道：“林姑娘，你不知道我的心事，除非一口气不来，死了，倒也罢了。”林黛玉笑道：“你死了，别人不知怎么样，我先就哭死了。”宝玉笑道：“你死了，我做和尚去。”袭人道：“你老实些罢！何苦还说这些话。”<br />
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Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, what are you making a scene? One of our maids, I just blabbed." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I only take you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody to make gossip. At that time, there will be no room for you to speak like this." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how others react, but I will first cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will be a monk." Aroma: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:43, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, why are you making such a frolic? She is one of our maids, she is just joking." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I treat you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody making idle talk. At that time, there will be no room for you to say that." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how is others' reaction, but I will cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will become a monk." Aroma said: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
林黛玉将两个指头一伸，抿嘴笑道：“做了两个和尚了！我从今以后，都记着你做和尚的遭数儿。”宝玉听了，知道是他点前日的话，自己一笑，也就罢了。一时黛玉去了，就有人来说：“薛大爷请。”宝玉只得去了，原来是吃酒，不能推辞，只得尽席而散。晚间回来，已带了几分酒，踉跄来至自己院内，只见院中早把乘凉的枕榻设下，榻上有个人睡着。宝玉只当是袭人，一面在榻沿上坐下，一面推他，问道：“疼的好些了？”只见那人翻身起来，说：“何苦来，又招我！<br />
Mascara Jade Forest stretched her two fingers and said with a chuckle: "Two monks! I will remember your experience as a monk from now on." When Precious Jade heard this, she realized that it was he who had spoken the words of the day before. When Mascara Jade has gone, someone said, "Grandpa Marshgrass, please." Precious Jade had to go. She could not refuse because she was having wine. When he returned in the evening, he had brought some wine with him, and staggered to his own courtyard, where he found a couch set for cooling and a man asleep. Taking it as a threat, Precious Jade sat down on the couch and pushed him. "Is the pain better?" she asked. The man stood up and said, "Why bother to recruit me again?"<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉一看，原来不是袭人，却是晴雯。宝玉将他一拉，拉在身旁坐下，笑道：“你的性子越发惯娇了，早起就是跌了扇子，我不过说了那么两句，你就说上那些话。你说我也罢了，袭人好意劝，你又刮拉上他。你自己想想，该不滚？”晴雯道：“怪热的，拉拉扯扯做什么！叫人来看见像什么！我这身子也不配坐在这里。”宝玉笑道：“你既知道不配，为什么睡着呢？”晴雯没的说，“嗤”的又笑了，说道：“你不来使得，你来了就不配了。起来，让我洗澡去。<br />
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Precious Jade took a look and discovered that it's not Aroma but Sunny Cloud Formation. Precious Jade smiled and pulled her to sit down next to him "You have become more and more spoiled. You dropped the fan this morning and I just put a few words on it. Then you said something rude.And it's okay if you blamed on me only. Aroma was just trying to help but you were also mad at her. You think about it---Is it right? Sunny Cloud Formation said" It's so hot! Don't pull and push me! It's not decent if people see us! And also,I'm not qualified to sit here." Precious Jade laughed and said" Then why you fell asleep here if you know you're not qualified?" Sunny Cloud Formation couldn't say anything but laughed out loud" I was qualified until you came here. Get up and let me take a shower."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:09, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人麝月都洗了澡，我叫了他们来。”宝玉笑道：“我才又吃了好些酒，还得诜一洗。你既没有洗，拿了水来，咱们两个洗。”晴雯摇手笑道：“罢，罢！我不敢惹爷。还记得碧痕打发你洗澡，足有两三个时辰，也不知道做什么呢；我们也不好进去的。后来洗完了，进去瞧瞧，地下的水，掩着床腿，连席子上都汪着水，也不知是怎么洗了。笑了几天。我也没功夫收拾水，你也不用同我洗去。今日也凉快，那会子洗了，这会子可以不用，我倒舀一盆水来你洗洗脸，通通头。<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
才鸳鸯送了好些果子来，都湃在那水晶缸里呢。叫他们打发你吃。”宝玉笑道：“既这么着，你也不许洗去，只洗洗手，拿果子来吃罢。”晴雯笑道：“我慌张的连扇子还跌折了，那里还配打发吃果子。倘或再打破盘子，还更了不得呢！”宝玉笑道：“你爱打就打。这些东西，原不过是借人所用，你爱这样，我爱那样，各自性情不同；比如那扇子，原是搧的，你要撕着玩。也可以使得，只是不可生气时拿他出气；就如杯盘，原是盛东西的，<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
你喜欢听那一声响，就故意砸了，也可以使得，只别在生气时拿他出气。这就是爱物了。”晴雯听了，笑道：“既这么说，你就拿了扇子来我撕。我最喜欢听撕的。”宝玉听了，便笑着递与他。晴雯果然接过来，“嗤”的一声，撕了两半。接着又听“嗤”“嗤”几声。宝玉在旁笑着说：“撕得好！再撕响些。”正说着，只见麝月走过来，笑道：“少作些孽罢！”宝玉赶上来，一把将他手里的扇子也夺了递与晴雯。晴雯接了，也撕作几半子，二人都大笑。麝月道：“这是怎么说？拿我的东西开心儿。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
宝玉笑道：“打开扇子匣子你拣了去，什么好东西！”麝月道：“既这么说，就把扇子搬出来，让他尽力撕岂不好？”宝玉笑道：“你就搬去。”麝月道：“我可不造这样孽！他没撕折了手，叫他自己搬去。”晴雯笑着，便倚在床上，说道：“我也乏了，明日再撕罢。”宝玉笑道：“古人云，‘千金难买一笑’，几把扇子，能值几何？”一面说着，一面叫袭人。袭人才换了衣服走出来，小丫头佳蕙过来拾去破扇，大家乘凉，不消细说。至次日午间、王夫人、薛宝钗、林黛玉众姐妹正在贾母房内坐着，<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
就有人回：“史大姑娘来了。”一时，果见史湘云带领众多丫鬟媳妇走进院来。宝钗黛玉等忙迎至阶下相见。青年姊妹间，经月不见，一旦相逢，其亲密自不消说得。一时进入房中，请安同好，都见过了。贾母因说：“天热，把外头的衣服脱脱罢。”史湘云忙起身宽衣。王夫人因而笑道：“也没见穿上这些做什么？”史湘云笑道：“都是二婶娘叫穿的，谁愿意穿这些。”宝钗一旁笑道：“姨妈不知道：他穿衣裳，还更爱穿那别人的衣裳，<br />
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Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile. ––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:30, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:42, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
可记得旧年三四月里，他在这里住着，把宝兄弟的袍子穿上，靴子也穿上，额子也勒上，猛一瞧，倒像是宝兄弟，就是多两个坠子。他站在那椅子背后，哄的老太太只是叫：‘宝玉，你过来，仔细那上头挂的灯穗子招下灰来，迷了眼。’他只是笑，也不过去。后来大家忍不住笑了，老太太才笑了说：‘扮作男人好看了。’”林黛玉道：“这算什么！惟有前年正月里接了他来，住了没两日，下起雪来，老太太和舅母那日想是才拜了影回来，<br />
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During her visit here in March and April last year,she put on cousin Precious's gown and boots,as well as his chaplet. At a instant glance, she just looke like her cousin Precious--except for two extra earrrings.She stood behind the chair, making the old lady call her. "Precious Jade, come here. Don't let the dust from the lantero tassels over your head get in your eyes." She just smiled and didn't move. Then we all burst out laughing and the old lady laughed too. " You look even better dressed as a boy." "You don't know the half of it! " Mascara Jade Forest said. "The year before last she was fetched in the first month, and she'd only been here a couple of days when it started to snow.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:34, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
老太太的一个新新的大红猩猩毡斗篷放在那，谁知跟不见他就披了，又大又长，他就拿两个汗巾子拦腰系上，和丫头们在后院子扑雪人儿去，一跤栽倒沟跟前，弄了一身泥。”说着，大家想着前情，都笑了。宝钗笑问那周奶妈道：“周妈，你们姑娘还那么淘气不淘气了？”周奶妈也笑了。迎春笑道：“淘气也罢了，我就嫌他爱说话；也没见睡在那里还是咭咭呱呱，笑一阵，说一阵，也不知是那里来的那些谎话！”王夫人道：“只怕如今好了。前日有人家来相看，眼见有婆婆家了，还是那么着？”<br />
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“The old lady’s brand-new and scarlet cloak was there, which she put on without being noticed. It looked so large and long for her that she tied two handkerchieves about her waist. Then she went to build a snowman with maids in the back yard, falling over a ditch with dirt and mud on her whole body.”Hearing this and rethinking what happened just now, everyone burst into laughing. Precious Hairpin smiled to Nanny Zhou, “Nanny, are those girls still naughty or not?” Nanny Zhou was amused, too. Spring Pleasure Merchant laughed, “Naughty as they are, their constant talking is what harasses me most. Even though at the bed time they are always gossiping, taliking and laughing. I don’t figure out where they hear from those gossips.” Lady King said, “They are much better now. I heared there was someone coming to date the other day. Is one of them engaged or not?”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:37, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
贾母因问：“今日还是住着，还是家去呢？”周奶妈笑道：“老太太没有看见，衣裳都带了来了，可不住两天。”湘云问道：“宝玉哥哥不在家么？”宝钗笑道：“他再不想着别人，只想宝兄弟，两个人好玩的，这可见还没改了淘气。”贾母道：“如今你们大了，别提小名儿了。”刚说着，只见宝玉来了，笑道：“云妹妹来了！怎么前日打发人接你去，不来？”王夫人道：“这里老太太才说这一个，他又来提名道姓的了。”林黛玉道：“你哥哥有好东西等着你呢。”<br />
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So Grandma Merchant asked, “Would you like to live here or go back home today?” Nanny Surrounding smiled, “You don’t see it that she has brought clothes with her. Apparently, she is going to live here for two days.” “Is Brother Precious Jade not at home?” asked Fragrant-cloud. Precious Hairpin smiled, “She doesn’t think of anyone else but Brother Precious. They two did play well and it suggests that she is still arbitrary.” “Nowadays you all grow up, so don’t talk about others’ nicknames.” As soon as Grandma Merchant was saying, Precious Jade came. He laughed, “Here comes Sister Cloud! Why did you refuse to come here when I sent someone to invite you the other day?” Lady King said, “Grandma was talking about not using nicknames just now and you happened to refer to one.” Mascara Jade Forest said, “There is something nice ahead of you that your brother prepared.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 06:12, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
湘云道：“什么好东西？”宝玉笑道：“你信他！几日不见，越发高了。”湘云笑道：“袭人姐姐好？”宝玉道：“好，多谢你想着。”湘云道：“我给他带了好东西来了。”说着，拿出手帕子来，挽着一个扢搭。宝玉道：“什么好的？你倒不如把前日送来的那绛纹石的戒指儿带两个给他。”湘云笑道：“这是什么？”说着便打开，众人看时，果然是上次送来的那绛纹戒指，一包四个。林黛玉笑道：“你们瞧瞧他这个人，前日一般的打发人给我们送来，你就把他的也带了来，岂不省事？<br />
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Fragrant-cloud said,"What fun thing it is?" Precious Jade laughed,"Don't believe him! A few days no see, he became increasingly naughty." Fragrant-cloud laughed,"How is sister Aroma?" "She is fine. Thank you for your care about her," said Precious Jade. Fragrant-cloud. said,"I bring her something treasured." Then she took out her handkerchief, which wrapping a lump. Precious Jade said," What is the treasured thing? It's better to give her the rings made by red stones that you brought a few days ago." Fragrant-cloud smiled and asked,"So what is this?" Then she opened the handkerchief with laughter. It was the very ring that she brought last time. There were four in total. Mascara Jade laughed,"You see her! Why didn't you brought these to Aroma with that given us the day before yesterday. It saved trouble, wouldn't it?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 08:27, 5 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
今日巴巴儿的自己带了来，我当又是什么新奇东西，原来还是他。真真的是个糊涂人。”史湘云笑道：“你才糊涂呢！我把这理说出来，大家评一评谁期涂。给你们送东西，就是使来的人不用说话，拿进来一看，自然就知是送姑娘们的了，要带了他们的这东西，须得我告诉来人，这是那一个丫头的，那是那一个丫头的。那使来的人明白还好，再糊涂些，丫头的名字也记不得，混闹胡说的，反连你们的东西都搅糊涂了。若是打发个女人来还罢了，偏前日又打发小子来，可怎么说丫头们的名字呢？<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
还是我来给他们带来，岂不清白！”说着，把四个戒指放下，说道：“袭人姐姐一个，鸳鸯姐姐一个，金钏儿姐姐一个，平儿姐姐一个；这倒是四个人的，难道小子们也记得这么清白？”众人听了，都笑道：“果然明白。”宝玉笑道：“还是这么会说话，不让人。”林黛玉听了，冷笑道：“他不会说话，就配带‘金麒麟’了。”一面说着，便起身走了。幸而诸人都不曾听见，只有薛宝钗抿嘴一笑。宝玉听见了，倒自己后悔又说错了话；忽见宝钗一笑，由不得也一笑。宝钗见宝玉笑了，忙起身走开，找了黛玉说笑去了。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
贾母因向湘云道：“吃了茶，歇一歇，瞧瞧你嫂子们去。园里也凉快，同你姐姐们去逛逛。”湘云答应了，因将三个戒指包上，歇了一歇，便起身要瞧凤姐等去。众奶娘丫头跟着，到了凤姐那里，说笑了一回。出来，便往大观园来，见过了李宫裁，少坐片时，便往怡红院来找袭人。因回头说道：“你们不必跟着，只管瞧你们的朋友亲戚去。留下翠缕伏侍就是了。”众人听了，自去寻姑觅嫂，单剩下湘云翠缕两个。翠缕道：“这荷花怎么还不开？”史湘云道：“时候还没到呢。”<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
翠缕道：“这也和咱们家池子里的一样，也是楼子花。”湘云道：“他们这个还不如咱们的。”翠缕道：“他们那边有棵石榴，接连四五枝，真是楼子上起楼子，这也难为他长。”史湘云道：“花草也是同人一样，气脉充足，长的就好。”翠缕把脸一扭，说道：“我不信这话！若说同人一样，我怎么不见头上又长出一个头来的人？”湘云听了，由不得一笑，说道：“我说你不用说话，你偏好说。这叫人怎么好答言？天地间都赋阴阳二气所生，或正或邪，或奇或怪，千变万化，都是阴阳顺逆；<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pool. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are the same as people. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "I said you don't have to talk. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 03:13, 4 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pond. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are like human beings. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "Just be quiet and not so loud. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, and both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:51, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
就是一生出来，人人罕见的，究竟道理还是一样。”翠缕道。“这么说起来，从古至今，开天辟地，都是些阴阳了？”湘云笑道：“糊涂东西，越说越放屁。什么‘都是些阴阳’！况且‘阴’‘阳’两个字，还只是一个字：阳尽了，就成阴，阴尽了，就成阳；不是阴尽了又有一个阳生出来，阳尽了又有个阴生出来。”翠缕道：“这糊涂死我了！什么是个阴阳，没影没形的？我只问姑娘：这阴阳是怎么个样儿？”湘云道：“这阴阳不过是个气罢了。器物赋了，才成形质。譬如天是阳，地就是阴；水是阴，火就是阳；日是阳，月就是阴。”<br />
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Whatever, everything comes from the two things.”Asked Kingfishe. “You mean everything comes into being forced by the two things since the creation?”Fragrant-cloud History anwered: “That is shit. what do they mean by “yin” and “yang”? Nevertheless, the two could be combined into one. When one runs out, it turns into the opposite one. The other follows the same way.Kingfishe asked: “What do you mean? I still could not get it. I just want to ask the girl: what are “yin” and “yang” like? ”Fragrant-cloud answered:"It is just about the two spirits. Spirits are the element of everything. “yin” is like the solar thing and “yang” is like the lunar thing. For instance, sky is about the solar thing, and earth is about the lunar thing. water is about the lunar thing, and fire is about the solar thing and sun is solar thing and moon is lunar thing."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:44, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
翠缕听了，笑道：“是了，是了！我今日可明白了。怪道人都管着日头叫‘太阳’呢，算命的管着月亮叫什么‘太阴星’，就是这个理了。“湘云笑道：“阿弥陀佛！刚刚明白了。”翠缕道：“这些东西有阴阳也罢了，难道那些蚊子、虼蚤、蠓虫儿、花儿、草儿、瓦片儿、砖头儿，也有阴阳不成？”湘云道：“怎么没有呢！比如那一个树叶儿，还分阴阳呢，那边向上朝阳的就是阳，这边背阴覆下的就是阴。”翠缕听了，点头笑道：“原来这样，我可明白了。只是咱们这手里的扇子，怎么是阳，怎么是阴呢？”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
湘云道：“这边正面就为阳，那反面就为阴。”翠缕又点头笑了。还要拿几件东西要问，因想不起什么来，猛低头看见湘云官绦上的金麒麟，便提起来，笑道：“姑娘，这个难道也有阴阳？”湘云道：“走兽飞禽，雄为阳，雌为阴；牝为阴，牡为阳。怎么没有呢？”翠缕道：“这是公的，还是母的呢？”湘云啐道：“什么‘公’的‘母’的！又胡说了。”翠缕道：“这也罢了，怎么东西都有阴阳，咱们人倒没有阴阳呢？”湘云沉了脸说道：“下流东西，好生走罢！越问越说出好的来了！”翠缕道：“这有什么不告诉我的呢？我也知道了，不用难我。”<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
湘云“扑嗤”的笑道：“你知道什么？”翠缕道：“姑娘是阳，我就是阴。”湘云拿手帕子掩着嘴笑起来。翠缕道：“说的是了，就笑的这么样？”湘云道：“很是，很是！”翠缕道：“人家说主子为阳，奴才为阴，我连这个大道理也不懂得？”湘云笑道：“你很懂得。”正说着，只见蔷薇架下金晃晃的一件东西，湘云指着问道：“你看那是什么？”翠缕听了，忙赶去拾起来，看着笑道：“可分出阴阳来了！”说着，先拿史湘云的麒麟瞧。史湘云要他拣的瞧瞧，翠缕只管不放手，笑道：“是件宝贝，姑娘瞧不得！<br />
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Fragrant-cloud History burst out laughing and said:"What do you know?" Kingfisher said that:"If lady you are masculine, I will be feminine." Fragrant-cloud History laughed hiding her face with a handkerchief. Kingfisher said:"Somebody says that the master is masculine and the slaves are feminine. How should I do not know it?" Fragrant-cloud History laughed:"You did know." While saying, she saw an shining object under the framework of rose.Fragrant-cloud History asked:"Look, what is that?" Kingfisher heard that and hurried to pick it up. She looked at it and smiled:"Have you distinguished which is the masculine one and the feminine one?" Saying, she looked at Fragrant-cloud History.Fragrant-cloud History wanted to look hers.Kingfisher did not lose her grip smiling:"It is treasure."--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:44, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
这是从那里来的？好奇怪！我只从来在这里没见人有这个。”湘云道：“拿来我瞧瞧。”翠缕将手一撒，笑道：“姑娘请看。”湘云举目一验，却是文彩辉煌的一个金麒麟，比自己佩的又大又有文彩。湘云伸手擎在掌上，只是默默不语，正自出神，忽见宝玉从那边来了，笑道：“你两个在这日头底下做什么呢？怎么不找袭人去呢？”史湘云连忙将那麒麟藏起，道：“正要去呢，咱们一处走。”说着，大家进人怡红院来。袭人正在阶下倚槛迎风，忽见湘云来了，连忙迎下来，携手笑说一向别情，一面进来归坐。<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen one of these around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Please let me have a look.” Kingfisher threw up his hands，smiled and said，“Look，girl.” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant literary talent，which was bigger and more literary than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand on her palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you two doing？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to，let’s go.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud came and greeted her. She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 11:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen others having this before around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Give it to me to have a look.” Kingfisher threw up one of her hands，smiled and said，“Plese enjoy it .” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant and gorgeous lustre，which was bigger and more magnificent than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand to take over it on the palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you doing under the sun？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to.Then let’s go together.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the handrail to feel the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud come and hastedly greeted her . She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:24, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝玉因问道：“你该早来，我得了一件好东西，专等你呢。”说着，一面在身上掏上半天，“嗳呀”了一声，便向袭人：“那个东西你收起来了么？”袭人道：“什么东西？”宝玉道：“前日得的麒麟。”袭人道：“你天天带在身上的，怎么问我？”宝玉听了，将手一拍，说道：“这可丢了！往那里找去？”就要起身自己寻去。史湘云听了，方知是他遗落的，便笑问道：“你几时又有个麒麟了？”宝玉道：“前日好容易得的呢！不知多早晚丢了，我也糊涂了。”史湘云笑道：“幸而是个玩的东西，还是这么慌张。”<br />
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Then Precious Jade said:"You should come earlier to see my great treasure which is specially for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"Which one do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along every day.Now why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade claped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get a unicorn again?" Precious Jade said:"It consumed me much energy to get it.But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and contiued:"Luckily it was a plaything.But you have become so nervous."--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:08, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade said "you should have come early. I got a treasure for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"what do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along with you every day.So why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade clapped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get it?" Precious Jade said:"I had a hard time getting it before!But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and continued:"Luckily it was just a plaything.And you have become so flustered."--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 11:52, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
说着，将手一撒，笑道：“你瞧瞧，是这个不是？”宝玉一见，由不得欢喜非常。要知欢喜的事，下回分解。◎第三十二回诉肺腑心迷活宝玉含耻辱情烈死金钏话说宝玉见那麒麟，心中甚是欢喜，便伸手来拿，笑道：“亏你拣着了！你是何时拾的？”史湘云笑道：“幸而是这个，明日倘或把印也丢了，难道也就罢了不成？”宝玉笑道：“倒是丢了印平常，若丢了这个，我就该死了。”袭人斟了茶来与史湘云吃，一面笑道：“大姑娘，我听前日你大喜呀。”史湘云红了脸吃茶，一声也不答应。<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter. ◎ in Chapter 32, when the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "fortunately, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 13:40, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter (Chapter 32). When the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "luckily, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering. --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:45, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
袭人笑道：“这会子又害臊了？你还记得十年前，咱们在西边暖阁上住着，晚上你同我说的话儿？那会子不害臊，这会子怎么又臊了？”史相云笑道：“你还说呢！那会子咱们那么好，后来我们太太没了，我家去住了一程子，怎么就把你派了跟二哥哥；我来了，你就不象先待我了。”袭人笑道：“你还说呢！先‘姐姐’长，‘姐姐’短哄着我替你梳头洗脸，做这个，弄那个；如今大了，就拿出小姐的款儿来。你既拿小姐的款，我怎么敢亲近呢？”史湘云道：“阿弥陀佛，冤枉冤哉！我要这样，就立刻死了。<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrass now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust for you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:28, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrassed now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust of you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:54, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
你瞧瞧，这么大热天，我来了，必定赶来先瞧瞧你。你不信，你问缕儿，我在家时时刻刻，那一回不念你几声。”话犹未了，袭人和宝玉都劝道：“说玩话儿，你又认真了。还是这么性急。”史湘云道：“你不说你的话咽人，倒说人性急。”一面说，一而打开手帕子，将戒指递与袭人。袭人感谢不尽，因笑道：“你前日送你姐姐们的，我已得了；今日你亲自又送来，可见是没忘了我。只这个就试出你来了。戒指儿能值多少，可见你的心真。”史湘云道：“是谁给你的？”袭人道：“是宝姑娘给我的。”<br />
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looky there,In such a hot day,I have come here and I will never pass up a good chance to meet you.If you do not believe me ,you could ask Lver.I miss you every moment at home."at the words,Attackers and precious jade advised that:"We are joking,but you take it seriously again.Your impatience remains the same."XiangYun Shi said:".You mention my impatience but ignore your annoyinng words".while saying ,she unfold the handkerchief and pass the ring to Attackers.Attackers is extremely grateful and says with smiles:"I am aware of that you have sent many nice things to sisters.Your sending it to me in person implies that you have me in your heart.The ring is not worth a pin but Your sincerity is well tested and brought out through the case"XiangYun Shi asked:"who gave this to you?"Attackers replied:"Precious gave me this."--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:50, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
湘云叹道：“我只当林姐姐送你的，原来是宝姐姐给了你。我天天在家里想着，这些姐姐们，再没一个比宝姐姐好的。可惜我们不是一个娘养的，我但凡有这么个亲姐姐，就是没了父母，也没妨碍的。”说着，眼圈儿就红了。宝玉道：“罢，罢，罢！不用提起这个话了。”史湘云道：“提这个便怎么？我知道你的心病：恐怕你的林妹妹听见，又嗔我赞了宝姐姐了。可是为这个不是？”袭人在旁“嗤”的一笑，说道：“云姑娘，你如今大了，越发心直嘴快了。”宝玉笑道：我说你们这几个人难说话，果然不错。”<br />
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Fragrant-cloud sighed, "It was Sister Precious. I thought it was Sister Forest who gave you this. All these sisters are no better than her. Unfortunately we have not the same parents. Had I had a elder sister like her, loss of parents would have mattered little." The rims of her eyes went red. Precious Jade said, "Enough, enough, enough. No need to mention this." Fragrant-cloud said, "What if I had mentioned it? I know what you're thinking about--if your Sister Forest heard this, she would be unhappy that I spoke highly of Sister Precious. Aren't you concerning this?" Aroma chuckled and said, "Miss Cloud, now you're growing older and more straightforward." Precious Jade replied, smiling, "I was never wrong saying that it difficult to talk with you girls."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 16:26, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
史湘云道：“好哥哥，你不必说话叫我恶心；只会在我跟前说话，见了你林妹妹，又不知怎么好了。”袭人道：“且别说玩话，正有一件事要求你呢。”史湘云便问：“什么事？”袭人道：“有一双鞋，抠了垫心子，我这两日身上不好，不得做，你可有工夫替我做做？”史湘云道：“这又奇了。你家放着这些巧人不算，还有什么针线上的，裁剪上的，怎么叫我做起来？你的活计叫人做，谁好意思不做呢？”袭人笑道：“你又糊涂了！你难道不知道：我们这屋里的针线，是不要那些针线上的人做的。”<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t you say that! You’ll provoke me to displeasure. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would once more not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma. “I have a favor to plead with you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to work at them. If you have any leisure to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “Putting aside all the skillful girls serving in your household, you have besides some people for doing needlework and others for tailoring and cutting; and how is it you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask anyone to do your work, who could very well refuse to do it?” “Here you are in another stupid mood!” laughs Aroma. “Can it be that you don’t know that our sewing in these rooms mayn’t be done by those needleworkers.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t say that! You’ll provoke my disgust. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma, “I have a favor to plead you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to finish them. Maybe you have any leisure time to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “ why do you put aside all the ingenious girls serving in your household and people for doing needlework and for tailoring and cutting; and why do you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask those people to do your work, who would refuse?” “Here you are in a stupid mood again!” laughs Aroma. “Don’t you know that the sewing in our rooms can’t be done by those needleworkers?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:26, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
史湘云听了，便知是宝玉的鞋，因笑道：“既这么说，我就替你做做罢。只是一件，你的我才做，别人的我可不能。”袭人笑道：“又来了！我是个什么儿，就敢烦你做鞋了。实告诉你：可不是我的，你别管是谁的，横竖我领情就是了。”史湘云道：“论理，你的东西也不知烦我做了多少。今日我倒不做的原故，你必定也知道。”袭人道：“我倒也不知道。”史湘云冷笑道：“前日我听见把我做的扇套儿拿着和人家比，赌气又铰了。我早就听见了，你还瞒我？这会子又叫我做，我成了你们奴才了。”<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:22, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:20, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉忙笑道：“前日的那事本不知是你做的。”袭人也笑道：“他本不知是你做的，是我哄他的话，说是新近外头有个会做活的，扎的绝出奇的好花儿，我叫他们拿了一个扇套儿试试看好不好，他就信了，拿出去给这个瞧、那个看的。不知怎么又惹恼了那一位，铰了两段。回来他还叫赶着做去，我才说了是你做的，他后悔的什么似的。”史湘云道：“这越发奇了。林姑娘也犯不上生气，他既会剪，就叫他做。”袭人道：“他可不做呢。饶这么着，老太太还怕他劳碌着了。<br />
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"As to what occurred the other day," hastily explained Precious Jade smiling, "I positively had no idea that that thing was your handiwork." "He never knew that you'd done it," Aroma also laughed. "I deceived him by telling him that there had been of late some capital hands at needlework outside, who could execute any embroidery with surpassing beauty, and that I had asked them to bring a fan-case so as to try them and to see whether they could actually work well or not. He at once believed what I said. But as he produced the case and gave it to this one and that one to look at, he somehow or other, I don't know how, managed again to put some one's back up, and she cut it into two. On his return, however, he bade me hurry the men to make another; and when at length I explained to him that it had been worked by you, he felt, I can't tell you, what keen regret!" "This is getting stranger and stranger!" said Fragrant-cloud History . "It wasn't worth the while for Miss Lin to lose her temper about it. But as she plies the scissors so admirably, why, you might as well tell her to finish the shoes for you." "She couldn't," replied Aroma, "for besides other things our venerable lady is still in fear and trembling lest she should tire herself in any way.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:19, 8 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220425_homework&diff=142080CULTURE2022 20220425 homework2022-05-08T11:50:47Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
二人正说着，可巧小丫头靓儿因不见了扇子，和宝钗笑道：“必是宝姑娘藏了我的。好姑娘，赏我罢。”宝钗指他道：“你要仔细！我和谁玩过，你来疑我？和你素日嘻皮笑脸的那些姑娘们，你该问他们去。”说的靓儿跑了。宝玉自知又把话说造次了，当着许多人，更比才在黛玉跟前更不好意思，便急回身，又同别人搭赸去了。黛玉听见宝玉奚落宝钗，心中着实得意，才要搭言，也趁势取个笑，不想靓儿因找扇子，宝钗又发了两句话，他便改口说道：“宝姐姐，你听了两出什么戏？<br />
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The two are talking, but coincidentally the little girl Lian'er lost her fan. And with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass laughing and talking, "It must be you who hid mine. Sweetie, give it back to me." Precious Hairpin Marshgrass pointed to her and said: "You have to be careful! You know who I have played with. This time you doubt me? The girls who have been smiling and laughing with you, you should ask them." Liang'er ran away because of this chat. Precious Jade knew he said wrong things again, especially in public rather than before Mascara Jade Forest so he rushed back and talked with others. When Mascara Jade Forest heard what Precious Jade had said, she became happier to talk with and laugh at them. However, she changed her words and said "What dramas have you watched, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass?" after Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said something because Liang'er had to look for her fan.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:53, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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When the two are talking, coincidentally the little girl Liang'er lost her fan. And with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass laughing and talking, "It must be you who hid my fan. Sweetie, give it back to me." Precious Hairpin Marshgrass pointed to her and said: "You must be careful! Who I have played with that you doubt me? It's the girls who have been smiling and laughing with you, you should ask them." Liang'er ran away hearing this. Precious Jade knew he had said wrong things again, especially shameful in public rather than before Mascara Jade Forest so he rushed back and talked with others. When Mascara Jade Forest heard what Precious Jade had said, she became happier to talk with and laugh at them. However, she changed her words and said "What dramas have you watched, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass?" after Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said something because Liang'er had to look for her fan.--[[User:Chen Kun|Chen Kun]] ([[User talk:Chen Kun|talk]]) 11:50, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
”宝钗因见黛玉面上有得意之态，一定是听了宝玉方才奚落之言，遂了他的心愿，忽又见问他这话，便笑道：“我看的是李逵骂了宋江，后来又赔不是。”宝玉便笑道：“姐姐通今博古，色色都知道，怎么连这一出戏的名儿也不知道，就说了这么一串。这叫做‘负荆请罪’。”宝钗笑道：“原来这叫‘负荆请罪’！你们通今博古，才知道‘负荆请罪’，我不知什么叫‘负荆请罪’。”一句话未说了，宝玉黛玉二人心里有病，听了这话，早把脸羞红了。<br />
Seeing that Mascara Jade looked pleased, Jade Hairpin Marsh grass must have listened to Precious Jade's taunts and given him what he wanted. Suddenly she asked him what he had said and said with a smile, "What I saw is that Li Kui scolded Song Jiang and then apologized." Precious Jade laughed and said, "My sister knows everything about this play, but she doesn't even know the name of the play, so she just talked about it. It's called 'offer a humble apology'."Jade Hairpin Marshgrass laughed and said, "Ahh,this is called 'offer a humble apology'! Until now, you have known the 'offer a humble apology'. I do not know what it means." Before she said that, Both Precious Jade and Mascara Jade were sick and blushed at this.<br />
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Seeing that Mascara Jade looked pleased, Jade Hairpin Marsh grass must have listened to Precious Jade's taunts and given him what he wanted. Listened to this suddenly, he then smiled "What I saw is that Li Kui scolded Song Jiang and then apologized." Precious Jade laughed and said, "Oh!My sister! You know everything about this play, how could you don't even know the name of the play and say so much about it? It's called 'offer a humble apology'."Jade Hairpin Marshgrass laughed and said, "Ahh,this is called 'offer a humble apology'! Until now, you have known the 'offer a humble apology'. I do not know what it means." Before she finished her sentence, both Precious Jade and Mascara Jade blushed at this since I they have secrets.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:57, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
凤姐这些上虽不通，但只看他三人形景，便知其意，也笑问道：“这们大热的天，谁还吃生姜呢？”众人不解，便说道：“没有吃生姜的。”凤姐故意用手摸着腮，咤异道：“既没人吃生姜，怎么这样辣辣的？”宝玉黛玉二人听见这话，越发不好意思了。宝钗再欲说话，见宝玉十分羞愧，形景改变，也就不好再说，只得一笑收住。别人总未解得他四个人的言语，因此付之一笑。一时宝钗凤姐去了，黛玉笑向宝玉道：“你也试着比我利害的人了。谁都象我心拙口夯的，由着人说呢！<br />
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Though Sister Phoenix didn't know much about this thing, she figured it out only by looking at these three and laughed " Who is eating ginger in such a hot day?" Everyone puzzled and said " Nobody is eating ginger." Sister Phoenix deliberately touched her cheeks and said surprisedly "Then why is it so hot if no one is eating ginger?" Precious Jade and Jade Forests felt more shy after listening to this. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was about to say something but seeing Precious Jade felt ashamed she had no choice but to swallowed it down and replaced it with a decent smile. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass and Sister Phoenix left, Jade Forests said to Precious Jade, joking " Everyone is more eloquent than me. Nobody's so inexpressive like me and could bear whatever others say."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:04, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Though Sister Phoenix didn't know much about this thing, she figured it out only by looking at these three and laughed " Who will eat ginger in such a hot day?" Everyone puzzled and said " Nobody is eating ginger." Sister Phoenix deliberately touched her cheeks and said surprisedly "Then why is it so hot if no one is eating ginger?" Precious Jade and Jade Forests felt more shy after listening to this. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was about to say something but seeing Precious Jade felt ashamed she had no choice but to swallow it down and replaced it with a decent smile. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass and Sister Phoenix left, Jade Forests said to Precious Jade, joking " Everyone is more eloquent than me. Nobody's so inexpressive like me and could bear whatever others say."—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
”宝玉正因宝钗多心，自己没趣，又见黛玉问着他，越发没好气起来。欲待要说两句，又怕黛玉多心，说不得忍气，无精打彩，一直出来。谁知目今盛暑之际，又当早饭已过，各处主仆人等多半都因日长神倦，宝玉背着手，到一处，一处鸦雀无声。从贾母这里出来，往西走过了穿堂，便是凤姐的院落。到他院门前，只见院门掩着，知道凤姐素日的规矩，每到天热，午间要歇一个时辰的，进去不便，遂进角门，来到王夫人上房内。只见几个丫头手里拿着针线，却打盹儿。<br />
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Precious Jade bored to think about Precious Hairpin was annoyed when Mascara Jade asked him. He was going to say but stopped in case of suspicion of Mascara Jade. He couldn’t say nothing but swallowed. Frustrating until he went out. However, he didn’t notice it was the time that scorching summer came and breakfast went. Near a half of servants were tired due to the long and hot days. With his hands clasped behind back, Precious Jade came to a place that was extremely silent. Coming from Grandma Merchant’s, he walked westward through the hall to Sister Phoenix’s house. It was closed when he achieved. He knew Sister Phoenix’s rules that if the day is hot, she will have a rest for two hours. It was not convenient to get in. He changed, through the corner door, to Lady King’s but found several maids who were napping with needles.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
王夫人在里间凉床上睡着，金钏儿坐在傍边捶腿，也乜斜着眼乱恍。宝玉轻轻的走到跟前，把他耳上带的坠子一摘，金钏儿睁跟，见是宝玉。宝玉便悄悄的笑道：“就困的这么着？”金钏抿嘴一笑，摆手令他出去，仍合上眼。宝玉见了他，就有些恋恋不舍的，悄悄的探头瞧瞧王夫人合着眼，便自己向身边荷包里带的香雪润津丹掏了一丸出来，便向金钏儿口里一送，金钏儿并不睁眼，只管噙了。宝玉上来，便拉着手，悄悄的笑道：“我和太太讨你，咱们在一处吧。”金钏儿不答。<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
宝玉又道：“不然，等太太醒来，我就讨。”金钏儿睁开眼，将宝玉一推，笑道：“你忙什么？‘金簪儿掉在井里头，有你的只是有你的。’连这句俗语难道也不明白？我告诉你个巧方儿，你往东小院子里拿环哥儿同彩云去。”宝玉笑道：“凭他怎么去罢，我只守着你。”只见王夫人翻身起来，照盘钏儿脸上就打了一个嘴巴子，指着骂道：“下作小娼妇！好好爷们，都叫你们教坏了！”宝玉见王夫人起来，早一溜烟去了。这里金钏儿半边脸火热，一声不敢言语。<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
登时众丫头们听见王夫人醒了，都忙进来。王夫人便叫：“玉钏儿，把你妈叫上来，带出你姐姐去。”金钏儿听见，忙跪下哭道：“我再不敢了！太太要打要骂，只管发落，别叫我出去，就是天恩了。我跟了太太十来年，这会子撵出去，我还见人不见人呢！”王夫人固然是个宽仁慈厚的人，从来不曾打过丫头们一下，今忽见金钏儿行此无耻之事，此乃平生最恨者，故气忿不过，打了一下子，骂了几句。虽金钏儿苦求，也不肯收留；到底唤了金钏儿之母白老媳妇领了下去。<br />
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At that moment the maids heard that Lady King was awake, so hurried in. Lady King called, "Jade Bracelet, call your mother in and take your sister away." Golden Bracelet heard that, knelt down and cried: "I dare not again! If you wants to beat or scold me, just let it go, but don't send me out. I've been with you for ten years, and I'll see nobody if I was kicked out." Lady King was indeed a kind person, and had never beaten her maids. Now she was indignant and excepting Golden Bracelet -- she had hated the most in her life -- and excepting also a few harsh words. Though Golden Bracelet excepted her also, Finally called Golden Bracelet's mother white old wife led down.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 14:27, 2 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
那金制儿含羞忍辱的出去，不在话下。且说宝玉见王夫人醒了，自己没趣，忙进大观园来。只见赤日当无，树阴合地，满耳蝉声，静无人语。刚到了蔷薇架，只听见有人哽噎之声，宝玉心中疑惑，便站住细听，果然架下那边有人。此时正是五月，那蔷薇花叶茂盛之际，宝玉悄悄的隔着篱笆洞儿一看，只见一个女孩子蹲在花下，手里拿着根绾头的簪子在地下抠土，一面悄悄的流泪呢。宝玉心中想道：“难道这也是十痴丫头，又象颦儿来葬花不成！<br />
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Golden Bracelet went out with shame and feelings of humiliation. Precious Jade saw that Lady King had woken up, feeling bored, and went to the Daguan Gardens.<br />
The hot sun was high in the sky and the shadow covered the ground. There was no sounds of human but the songs of cicadas. Walking nearly to the rose bushes, Precious Jade heard someone was chocking. Confused, he stopped to distinguish the cry. Someone was there! It was in May, the month that roses were blossoming and leafy, and Precious Jade saw from the hole of the fence quietly and found a crouched girl crying silently while using the hair clasp to dig at the earth. Precious Jade wondered:" Is this also a perfect fool girl like Frown burying flowers?"––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Golden Bracelet went out with shame and feelings of humiliation. Precious Jade saw that Lady King had woken up, feeling bored, and went to the Daguan Gardens.<br />
The hot sun was high in the sky and the shadow covered the ground. There was no sounds of human but the songs of cicadas. Walking nearly to the rose bushes, Precious Jade heard someone was chocking. Confused, he stopped to distinguish the cry. Someone was there! It was in May, the month that roses were blossoming and leafy, and Precious Jade saw from the hole of the fence quietly and found a crouched girl crying silently while using the hair clasp to dig at the earth. Precious Jade wondered:" Is this also a perfect fool girl like Frown burying flowers?"––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
”因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓‘东施效颦’，不但不为新特，而且更是可厌了。”想毕，便要叫那女子，说：“你不用跟着林姑娘学了。”话未出口，幸而再看时，这女孩子面生，不是个侍儿，倒像是那十二个学戏的女孩子之内一个，却辨不出他是生、旦、净、丑那一个脚色来。宝玉忙忙把舌头一伸，将口掩住，自己想道：“幸而不曾造次，上两回皆因造次了，颦儿也生气，宝儿也多心，如今再得罪了他们，越发没意思了。”一面想，一面又恨认不得这个是谁。<br />
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Precious Jade laughed:"If she also inhumes flowers, that might be called awkward imitation. The behavior is not surprising but disgusting." Thinking for a while, he was on the point of calling to her, "You don't need to imitate miss Lin." When Precious Jade noticed her face inadvertently, he found that the girl looked unfamiliar. She wasn't a maid but seemed like one of the 12 girls who were learning opera,even if Precious Jade could not distinguish which role that she played. He stopped his tongue and covered his mouth. "It's my fortune that I still don't speak out." Precious Jade held himself. Last two times, I failed to hold my mouth, displeasing Jade Forests and annoying Precious Hairpin Marshgrass . It would be no sense to offend any of these girls. Precious Jade was thinking by himself while was upset that he could not identified who she was.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 06:38, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade laughed, “It might be called awkward imitation if she also infumes flowers, which is not surprising but disgusting.” Thinking for a while, he called her, “There is no need for you to learn from Miss Forest.” When Precious Jade stared at her face closely, he found the girl looked unfamiliar, who didn’t resemble a maid but looked like one of the twelve girls learning opera. However, Precious Jade could not distinguish which role she played, the Sheng, the Dan, the JIng or the clown. He stuck his tongue hastily and covered his mouth. “It’s my fortune that I don’t speak it out,” Precious Jade thought, “Last two times I failed to hold my mouth, displeasing and provoking both Jade Forest and Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. It would be nonsensical to offend any of them.” Precious Jade was thinking while was upset about himself for failing to identify the girl.--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 10:19, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
再留神细看，只见这女孩子眉蹙春山，眼颦秋水，面薄腰纤，袅袅婷婷，大有林黛玉之态。宝玉早又不忍弃他而去，只管痴看，只见他虽然用金簪画地，并不是掘士埋花，竟是向土上画字。宝玉用眼随着簪子的起落，一直到底，一画、一点、一勾的看了去，数一数，十八笔，自己又在手心里用指头接着他方才下笔的规矩写了，猜是个什么字。写成一想，原来就是个蔷薇花的“蔷”字。宝玉想道：“必定是他也要做诗填词，这会子见这花，因有所感，或者偶成一两句，一时兴至，怕忘，在地下画着推敲，也未可知。<br />
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Precious Jade paid close attention to watching and found the girl’s eyebrows were as lush as spring mountains, her eyes as crystal as autumn waters, her face thin, her waist slender and her posture elegant that was much like Mascara Jade Forest. Precious Jade couldn’t make his mind to leave her alone, so he was just obsessed with gazing at her. She dug the earth ground by her hairpin, not digging the dirt to plant flowers but writing characters on the ground. Precious Jade’s eyeballs moved around with the hairpin’s rising and falling straight to the end. Every horizontal stroke, every dot and every hook, all 18 strokes, were watch by Precious Jade. Precious Jade then drew in his palm by his finger according to the stroke order, wondering what she had written. It turned out to be the “rosa” of “rosa multiflora”. Precious Jade thought, “She must have been composing a poem. Whether she was enchanted by the flowers or some verses came into her mind so she wrote it down lest she should forget, it was hard to tell.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 11:54, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade paid close attention to watching and found the girl’s eyebrows were as lush as spring mountains, her eyes as crystal as autumn waters, her face thin, her waist slender and her posture elegant that was much like Mascara Jade Forest. Precious Jade has already not borne to leave her alone, so he was just obsessed with gazing at her. She dug the earth ground by her hairpin, not for digging the dirt to plant flowers but writing characters on the ground. Precious Jade’s eyeballs moved with the hairpin’s rising, falling and straight to the end. Every horizontal stroke, every dot and every hook, all 18 strokes, were watch by Precious Jade. He then drew in his palm by his finger according to her stroke order, wondering what she had written. It turned out to be the “Rosa” of rosa multiflora. Precious Jade thought, “She must have been composing a poem. Whether she was enchanted by the flower or some verses coming into her mind so she wrote it down lest she should forget was hard to tell.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 03:01, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
且看他底下再写什么。”一面想，一面又看，只见那女孩子还在那里画呢。画来画去，还是个“蔷”字。再看，还是个“蔷”字。里面的原是早已痴了，画完一个“蔷”又画一个“蔷”，已经画了有几十个。外面的不觉也看痴了，两个眼睛珠儿只管随着簪子动，心里却想：“这女孩子一定有什么说不出的大心事，才这么个形景。外面他既是这个形景，心里不知怎么熬煎呢！看他的横样儿，这般单薄，心里那里还搁得住熬煎？可恨我不能替你分些过来。”<br />
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“……I’d like to see what she is going to write later.” He was wondering while watching, that girl still writing over there. She kept writing which turned out to be a word of “Rose”. And when he stared at it, it was the word of “Rose” as well. The girl inside has already been obsessed with it, writing the word of “Rose” one after another, which added up to dozens. At the same time, the person outside also watched obsessively, the two eyes of whom were just moving with the hairpin. And he thought, “The reason why she is doing so must be that she has something in the bottom of her heart that is hardly exposed to others. Now that she presents herself as such an appearance, how mentally insufferable she is! With such a thin figure, can she withstand her inner suffering? It is so pitiful that I am unable to share your suffering.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 02:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
伏中阴晴不定，片云可以致雨，忽然凉风过了，飒飒的落下一阵雨来。宝玉看那女子头上滴下水来，纱衣裳登时湿了。宝玉想道：“这是下雨了，他这个身子，如何禁得骧雨一激。”因此禁不住便说道：“不用写了。你看下大雨，身上都湿了。”那女孩子听说，倒唬了一跳，抬头一看，只见花外一个人叫他“不要写下大雨了”，一则宝玉脸面俊秀；二则花叶繁茂，上下俱被枝叶隐住，刚露着半边脸，那女孩子只当是个丫头，再不想是宝玉，因笑道：“多谢姐姐提醒了我，难道姐姐在外头有什么遮雨的？”<br />
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The weather was very mixed in midsummer. A few clouds could bring about precipitation. Suddenly, a cool breeze blew, the rain falling. Seeing some raindrops dripped down from the girl's head and wetted her tissue embroidered, Precious Jade thought," It is raining. How can her delicate body withstand such a heavy rain." Therefore, he couldn't help saying,"Don't continue writing! It is raining so heavily and you have already got wet." That girl was startled by his voice, looking up and seeing a man was reminding her that "stop writing. It is raining heavily." Due to Precious Jade's handsome appearance, and the luxuriant trees and flowers, by which Precious Jade was almost hidden, baring only half of his face,that girl just thought him as a servant girl but Precious Jade. So she laughed," Thanks for your reminding. But do you have something to shelter form the rian?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 06:39, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
The weather was very mixed in midsummer. A few clouds could bring about precipitation. Suddenly, a cool breeze blew, the rain falling. Seeing some raindrops dripped down from the girl's head and wetted her tissue embroidered, Precious Jade thought," It is raining. How can her delicate body withstand such a heavy rain." Therefore, he couldn't help saying,"Don't continue writing! It is raining so heavily and you have already got wet." That girl was startled by his voice, looking up and seeing a man was reminding her that "stop writing. It is raining heavily." Due to Precious Jade's handsome appearance, and the luxuriant trees and flowers, by which Precious Jade was almost hidden, baring only half of his face,that girl just thought him as a servant girl but Precious Jade. So she laughed," Thanks for your reminding. But do you have something to shelter form the rian?"--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 11:56, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
一句提醒了宝玉，“嗳哟”了一声，才觉得浑身冰凉。低头看看自己身上，也都湿了。说：“不好！”只得一气跑回怡红院去了，心里却还记挂着那女孩子没处避雨。原来明日是端阳节，那文官等十二个女孩子都放了学，进园来各处玩耍，可巧小生宝官正旦玉官两个女孩子，正在怡红院和袭人玩笑，被雨阻住，大家把沟堵了，水积在院内，把些绿头鸭、花???、彩鸳鸯，捉的捉，赶的赶，缝了翅膀，放在院内玩耍，将院门关了。袭人等都在游廊上嘻笑。<br />
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This reminded Precious Jade. “Aiyo!”then he felt a gust of coldness across his body.When he looked down, he found that he had got totally wet. “Oh, my god!”he had to run back to , but he still worried about that girl has nowhere to shelter the rain. Tomorrow is the Double Fifth festival, the twelve girls have come back from school and played in the garden. Two of the girls named Bao Guan and Yu Guan was playing with Aroma in . They happened to be blocked by the rain. They blocked up the gutters and made the water collect in the courtyard. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 11:53, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
宝玉见关着门，便用手扣门，里面诸人只顾笑，那里听见？叫了半日，拍得门山响，里面方听见了。料着宝玉这会子再不回来的，袭人笑道：“谁这会子叫门？没人开去。”宝玉道：“是我。”麝月道：“是宝姑娘的声音。”晴雯道：“胡说！宝姑娘这会子做什么来？”袭人道：“让我隔着门缝儿瞧瞧，可开就开，别叫他淋着回击。”说着，便顺着游廊到门前往外一瞧，只见宝玉淋得“雨打鸡”一般。袭人见了，又是着忙，又足可笑，忙开了门，笑着，弯腰拍手道：“那里知道是爷回来了！你怎么大雨里跑了来？”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
宝玉一肚子没好气，满心里要把开门的踢几脚，方开了门，并不看真是谁，还只当是那些小丫头们，便抬腿踢在肋上，袭人“嗳哟”了一声。宝玉还骂道：“下流东西们！我素日担待你们得了意，一点儿也不怕，越发拿着我取笑儿了！”口里说着，一低头见是袭人哭了，方知踢错了。忙笑道：“嗳哟”是你来了！踢在那里了？”袭人从来不曾受过一句大话儿的，今忽见宝玉生气踢他一下，又当着许多人，又是羞，又是气，又是疼，真一时置身无地。<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
待要怎么样，料着宝玉未必是安心踢他，少不得忍着说道：“没有踢着，还不换衣裳去！”宝玉一面进房来解衣，一面笑道：“我长了这么大，今日是头一遭儿生气打人，不想偏生遇见了你！”袭人一面忍痛换衣裳，一面笑道：“我是个起头儿的人，也不论事大事小，是好是歹，自然也该从我起。但只是别说打了我，明日顺了手，也打起别人来。”宝玉道：“我才也不是安心。”袭人道：“谁说是安心呢！素日开门关门的都是那起小丫头们的事，他们是憨皮惯了的，早已恨得人牙痒痒，他们也没个怕惧，你打量是他们，踢一下子唬唬也好。<br />
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What will the Aroma do？Precious Jade Merchant wasn't consciously to kick. Aroma had to bear to say, "Change your clothes, you haven't kicked me !" Precious Jade Merchant came into the room to undress and said with a smile, "Till now, today is the first time I beat. To my surprise, I meet you!" Aroma helped change clothes in pain and said with a smile: "I'm the person who starts. No matter what's big or small, good or bad, it should start from me. But you don't hit me today, and tomorrow hit others." Precious Jade Merchant said, "I'm not at ease." Aroma: "who says it's reassuring! It's all about the little girls who open and close the door in the past. They were naughty and hated by people. They don't have any fear. You can look at them and kick them to make them scared at once.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 07:10, 26 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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What will the Aroma do？Precious Jade Merchant did not kick deliberately. Aroma had to bear to say, "Change your clothes, you haven't kicked me !" Precious Jade Merchant came into the room to undress and said with a smile, "Till now, today is the first time I have beaten. To my surprise, I meet you!" Aroma helped change clothes in pain and said with a smile: "I'm the person who starts. No matter what's big or small, good or bad, it should start from me. But you don't hit me today, and tomorrow hit others." Precious Jade Merchant said, "I'm not at ease." Aroma: "who says it's reassuring! It's all about the little girls who open and close the door in the past. They were naughty and hated by people. They don't have any fear. You can look at them and kick them to make them scared at once.—[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:34, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
刚才是我淘气，不叫开门的。”说着，那雨已住了，宝官玉官也早去了。袭人只觉肋上疼得心里发闹，晚饭也不曾吃。至晚间洗澡脱了衣服，只见肋上青了碗大一块，自己倒唬了一跳，又不好声张。一时睡下，梦中作痛，由不得“嗳哟”之声，从睡中哼出。宝玉虽说不是安心，因见袭人懒懒的，也不安稳。忽夜里闻得“嗳哟”，便知踢重了，自己下床来，悄悄的秉灯来照。刚到床前，只见袭人嗽了两声，吐出一口痰来，“嗳哟”一声，睁眼见了宝玉，倒唬一跳，道：“作什么？”<br />
<br />
I played a joke and just did not allow someone else to get the door.” He said when rain gradually stopped. They have gone early. With pain in the ribs, Aroma was not herself. When she took off her clothes, she was startled by the bruise, which was on the ribs. The pain made her scream when she fell asleep. Hearing this, Precious Jade Merchant felt uncomfortable and nervous although he did not mean to. So he got out of bed, held the lamp and went to her bedside. Aroma coughed and spitted and suddenly opened her eyes screaming. “What are you doing?” She asked.—[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:28, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
宝玉道：“你梦里‘嗳哟’，必是踢重了，我瞧瞧。”袭人道：“我头上发晕，嗓子里又腥又甜，你倒照一照地下罢。”宝玉听说，果然持灯向地下一照，只见一口鲜血在地。宝玉慌了，只说：“了不得了！”袭人见了，也就心冷了半截。要知端的，下回分解。◎第三十一回撕扇子作千金一笑因麒麟伏白首双星话说袭人见了自己吐的鲜血在地，也就冷了半截，想着往日常听人说：“少年吐血，年月不保；纵然命长，终是废人了。”想起此言，不觉将素日想着后来争荣夸耀之心，尽皆灰了，眼中不觉的滴下泪来。<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
宝玉见他哭了，也不觉心酸起来，因问道：“你心里觉着怎么样？”袭人勉强笑道：“好好的，觉怎么样呢。”宝玉的意思即刻便要叫人烫黄酒，要山羊血黎峒丸来。袭人拉了他的手，笑道：“你这一闹不大紧，闹起多少人来，倒抱怨我轻狂。分明人不知道，倒闹得人知道了，你也不好，我也不好。正经明日你打发小子问问王太医去，弄点子药吃吃就好了。人不知鬼不觉的，可不好？”宝玉听了有理，也只得罢了；向案上斟了茶来，给袭人漱了口。<br />
<br />
Seeing her cry, Precious Merchant Jade can't help feeling sad. Thus, he asks, "What do you think deep in heart?" "So fine am I. How else could I feel?" Precious Merchant Jade wants to get her some warm yellow rice wine as well as the Goat blood Lidong pill. Xiren takes his hand and says with a smile, "It does not matter that you bother to do this. What if we wake up all others? They will complain that I'm frivolous. People didn't know about it, but this will inform them, and that's good for neither of us. Tomorrow, you send the boy to ask Dr. Wang to get some medicine to eat. It's not good for people to go unnoticed? " Precious Merchant Jade was justified, but he had to pour tea on the case and wash Xiren's mouth.--[[User:Wang Rou|Wang Rou]] ([[User talk:Wang Rou|talk]]) 03:06, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Seeing her cry, Precious Merchant Jade can't help feeling sad. Thus, he asks, "What do you think deep in heart?" "So fine am I. How else could I feel?" Precious Merchant Jade wants to get her some warm yellow rice wine as well as the Goat blood Lidong pill. Xiren takes his hand and says with a smile, "It does not matter that you bother to do this. What if we wake up all others? They will complain that I'm frivolous. People didn't know about it, but this will inform them, and that's good for neither of us. Tomorrow, you send the boy to ask Dr. Wang to get some medicine to eat. It's not good for people to go unnoticed? " Precious Merchant Jade was justified, but he had to pour tea on the case and wash Xiren's mouth.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 03:34, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
袭人知宝玉心内也不安稳的，待要不叫他伏侍，他又必不依；二则定要惊动别人，小如且由他去罢：因此倚在榻上，由宝玉去伏侍。一交五更，宝玉也顾不得梳洗，忙穿衣出来，将王济仁叫来，亲自确问。王济仁问其原故，不过是伤损，便说了个丸药的名字，怎么服，怎么敷。宝玉记了，回园来，依方调治，不在话下。这日正是端阳佳节，蒲艾簪门，虎符系臂，午间王夫人治了酒席，请薛家母女等赏午。宝玉见宝锓淡淡的，也不和他说话，自知是昨日的原故。<br />
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Aroma knew that Precious Jade Merchant felt nervous but if she asked him not to stay here for taking care, he would have rejected. Moreover, it may horrify others so it would be better to let him feel free to do so: thus, she lounged on the bed and Precious Jade Merchant attended to her. Time passed quickly and it was 5 o'clock. Precious Jade Merchant had no time to tidy up himself and quickly wore his clothes asking Wang Ji'ren to come to confirm in his person. Wang JI'ren asked the reason and said that it was merely small hurt then mentioned the name of a pill which he told Baoyu how to take in and apply to. Baoyu forgot it. After coming back to his dwelling, he made the pill according to the prescription easily. It was the Dragon Boat Festival that day, every household put mugwort upon the lintel and everyone applied tiger tally onto arms.During the noon, Mrs. Wang prepared a banquet for mother and daughter of Xue and so on to admire the noon. Baoyu saw that Baoqin was quite indifferent and unwilling to talk to him. He knew it was the sake of yesterday that fumed her.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 02:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
王夫人见宝玉没精打彩。也只当是昨日金钏儿之事，他没好意思的，越发不理他。林黛玉见宝玉懒懒的，只当是他因为得罪了宝钗的原故，心中不自在，形容也就懒懒的。凤姐昨日晚问王夫人就告诉了他宝玉金钏的事，知道王夫人不自在，自己如何敢说笑，也就随着王夫人气色行事，更觉淡淡的。迎春姐妹见众人无意思，也都无意思了。因此，大家坐了一坐，就散了。林黛玉天性喜散不喜聚，他想得也有个道理。他说：“人有聚就有散，聚时欢喜，到散时岂不清冷？<br />
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Lady King found Precious Jade listless and just attributed it to King Bracelet’s event happened yesterday. He was embarrassed and tried to ignore him. Mascara Jade Forest saw Precious Jade was lazy and just attributed it to his offence to Precious Hairpin. He was under pressure so he looked lazy. Splendid Phoenix King asked Lady King and told her the event between Precious Jade and King Bracrlet，and she knew Lady King was upset，how dare she to tell jokes？She could only watch what Lady King was doing and saying to do things，so she also felt boring. Therefore，they sat down for a while and then<br />
dispersed. It was Mascara Jade Forest’s to like dispersion and dislike accumulation. She thought there was a reason. She said，“Where there is gathering，there is dispersion，how happy you are when gathering，then how lonely you are when dispersion.”--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 13:33, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
既清冷则生感伤，所以不如倒是不聚的好。比如那花开时令人爱慕，谢时便增惆怅，所以倒是不开的好。”故此，人以为欢喜时，他反以为悲。那宝玉的情性只愿常聚，生怕一时散了；那花只愿常开，生怕一时谢了；只到筵散花谢，虽有万种悲伤，也就无可如何了。因此今日之筵，大家无兴散了，林黛玉倒不觉得，倒是宝玉心中闷闷不乐，回至自己房中，长吁短叹。偏生晴雯上来换衣服，不防又把扇子失了手，掉在地下，将骨子跌折。<br />
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Since the feeling of sadness was triggered by loniness, it is more pacified without this gathering. It is the same with the growth of flowers.It only adds to the depression when a flower withers, despite its endearing but transitory blossom,which is no better than non-flowering." Because of this, she was sad while others all enjoyed themselves.As Precious Jade's temperament, he greatly longed for gathering all the time with worries of its unprepared ending.In this way,he would rather wish the flowers bloom all the time with worries of its withering. There was no alternative until the gathering ended like the flower's fading, though his heart was full of countless sadness. So for this gathering, Mascara Jade didn't think more after pepole departed with the interest fading away.Instead,Precious Jade was so sullen that he returned to his room to sign deeply. What was worse,Sunny Cloud Formation carelessly dropped the fan on the ground and broke the framework of the fan when she came to change clothes for him.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 03:58, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
Since the feeling of sadness was triggered by loniness, it is more pacified without this gathering. It is the same with the growth of flowers.It only adds to the depression when a flower withers, despite its endearing but transitory blossom,which is no better than non-flowering." Because of this, she was sad while others all enjoyed themselves.As Precious Jade's temperament, he greatly longed for gathering all the time with worries of its unprepared ending.In this way,he would rather wish the flowers bloom all the time with worries of its withering. There was no alternative until the gathering ended like the flower's fading, though his heart was full of countless sadness. So for this gathering, Mascara Jade didn't think more after pepole departed with the interest fading away.Instead,Precious Jade was so sullen that he returned to his room and signed deeply. What's worse,Sunny Cloud Formation carelessly dropped the fan on the ground and broke it when she came to change clothes for him.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 03:45, 2 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
宝玉因叹道：“蠢才，蠢才！将来怎么样？明日你自己当家立业，难道也是这么顾前不顾后的？”晴雯冷笑道：“二爷近来气大得很，行动就给脸子瞧。前日连袭人都打了，今日又来寻我们的不是。要踢要打凭爷去。就是跌了扇子，也是平常的事；先时连那么样的玻璃缸、玛瑙碗，不知弄坏了多少，也没见个大气儿。这会子一把扇子就这么着了。何苦来！嫌我们就打发了我们，再挑好的使。好离好散的倒不好？”宝玉听了这些话，气的浑身乱战。<br />
<br />
<br />
Therefore, Precious Jade sighed, "fool, fool! What will happen in the future? In the future, you will be in charge of your own family and business. Is it that you care about the past and ignore what will happen in the future?" Sunny Cloud Formation sneered: "Master, you've been so testy recently that you always show us how angry you are. You even hit Aroma before, and now you're in trouble with us again. You can beat me or kick me away if you want. It's normal to break the fan. I don't know how many glass jars and agate bowls were broken by you before. It's Just a fan which was broken again. Why do you bother? If you dislike us, send us away and choose the right person for yourself. Can't we be separated well? " Precious Jade trembled with anger after hearing these words.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 10:42, 28 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Therefore, Precious Jade sighed, "fool, fool! What will happen in the future? In the future, you will be in charge of your own family and business. Is it that you care about the past and ignore what will happen in the future?" Sunny Cloud Formation sneered: "Master, you've been so testy recently that you always show us your anger. You even hit Aroma before, and now you're finding trouble with us again. You can beat me or kick me away if you want. It's normal to break the fan. I can't calculate how many glass jars and agate bowls were broken by you before. It's just a fan which was broken again. Why do you bother? If you dislike us, send us away and choose the right person for yourself. Can't we be separated well? " Precious Jade trembled with anger after hearing these words.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 09:30, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
因此说道：“你不用忙，将来有散的日子！”袭人在那边早已听见，忙赶过来，向宝玉道：“好好的，又怎么了？可是我说的：‘一时我不到就有事故儿。’”晴雯听了冷笑道：“姐姐既会说，就该早来，也省了爷生气。自古以来，就只是你一个人伏侍爷的，我们原没伏侍过。因为你伏侍的好，昨日才挨窝心脚；我们不会伏侍的，明日还不知是个什么罪呢？”袭人听了这话，又是恼，又是愧；待要说几句话，因见宝玉已经气的黄了脸，少不得自己忍个性子，推晴雯道：“好妹妹，你出去逛逛，原是我们的不是。”<br />
<br />
Then he said, “it wouldn’t bother you, one day we are bound to depart!” Aroma hurried here as she heard them talking, “what’s going on? Are you arguing my saying ‘I was away for only a second?’” Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, “sister should came early in that you had indicated, which would save the temper for our lord. It seems that you are the only maid who had been severed our lord, which earned you a hurtful strike. We dare not to sever, who knows what’s waiting for us the next time.” Hearing this, Aroma was rather raged and ashamed,. She was about to say something, but only to swallowed it back as she saw Precious Jade’s angry face. Aroma dauted Sunny Cloud Formation and said, “My sister, it has been our fault, just go outside and relax.” --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 09:26, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
晴雯听了他说“我们”两字，自然是他和宝玉了，不觉又添了醋意，冷笑几声道：“我倒不知道，你们是谁？别叫我替你们害臊了！便是你们鬼鬼祟祟干的那事，也瞒不过我去。那里就称起‘我们’来了！那明公正道，连个姑娘还没挣上去呢，也不过和我似的，那里就称上‘我们’了！”袭人羞得脸紫涨起来，想一想，原是自己把话说错了。宝玉一面说道：“你们气不忿，我明日偏抬举他。”袭人忙拉了宝玉的手道：“他一个糊涂人，你和他分证什么？况且你素日又是有担待的，比这大的，过去了多少，今日是怎么了？”<br />
<br />
QingWen heard him say "we",she is aware that it naturally refers to Precious Jade and him and unconsciously felt jealous,sneering and saying:"I have no idea of who you are?don't make me feel ashamed of you.It makes no sense that you could hide those sneaky things from me.How dare you are to claim "we"the god is watching and you are no more than a humble servant with no status and on a par with me,hpw dare you are to proclaim "we"." Attacker felt bashful and blushed instantaneously.after a quick consideration she realized that she had sayed the wrong words.Precious Jade defended that:"You are unreasonbly jealous and outrageous,and I would continue to vibe with her and be partial to her."Attacker held his hand and sayed:"She is a woodenhead and there is no need to quarrel with her.You are a benevolent person with a lot of torlerance.what's wrong with you to fuss at such a trifle"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 11:11, 28 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation heard she said "we", thought it must be Precious Jade and herselves, and unconsciously felt jealous. She sneered and said: "It seems that I don't know who you are. Don't make me feel ashamed of you. You could never hide those sneaky things from me. How dare you claim to be 'we'! By rights you are not the connecting-house-maid, but no more than a humble servant girl with no status on a par with me, yet you are professing you two as 'we'!" Aroma felt embarrassed and a blush rose to her cheeks. Thinking about it, she realized that she had sayed the wrong thing. Precious Jade defended, "You are unreasonbly jealous and outrageous, I'll rather raise her." Aroma held his hand and said, "He is such a woodenhead that there is no need to quarrel with him. You are sensible and tolerant all the time, and have already tolerated even worse. What's wrong with you to fuss at such a trifle?"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 08:47, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
晴雯冷笑道：“我原是糊涂人，那里配和我说话！我不过奴才罢咧。”袭人听说，道：“姑娘到底是和我拌嘴，是和二爷拌嘴呢？要是心里恼我，你只和我说，不犯着当着二爷吵；要是恼二爷，不该这么吵的万人知道。我才也不过为了事，进来劝开了，大家保重。姑娘倒寻上我的晦气！又不像是恼我，又不像是恼二爷，夹枪带棒，终久是个什么主意？我就不说，让你说去。”说着便往外走。宝玉向晴雯道：“你也不用生气，我也猜着你的心事了。我回太太去，你也大了，打发你出去，可好不好？”<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, "Such a fool I am who doesn't deserve speaking to, just a servant." Aroma replied, "I don't you're bickering with me or the Young Master. If you're angry with me, just tell me, and there's no need to stage a play in front of the Young Master. If you're annoyed with the Young Master, save the noisy fuss that reaches everyone. For settling the matter I come to mediate, doing everyone's good. Unexpectedly you target at me. It seems like it is neither the Young Master nor me who you're mad at. For all those bitter, biting wording, what on earth are you contemplating? I'm no longer saying anything. You can say whatever pleases you." She said while heading outside. Precious Jade said to Sunny Cloud Formation, "You don't need to be this inflamed. I know your thoughts and I will tell to the Lady this matter that you're old enough to be dismissed from the Mansion to for your benefit. All right?"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:52, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, "Such a fool I am who doesn't deserve speaking to, just a servant." Aroma replied, "I don't know whether you're bickering with me or the Young Master. If you're angry with me, just tell me, and there's no need to stage a play in front of the Young Master. If you're annoyed with the Young Master, save the noisy fuss that reaches everyone. For settling the matter I come to mediate, doing everyone's good. Unexpectedly you target at me. It seems like it is neither the Young Master nor me who you're mad at. For all those bitter, biting wording, what on earth are you contemplating? I'm no longer saying anything. You can say whatever pleases you." She said while heading outside. Precious Jade said to Sunny Cloud Formation, "You don't need to be this inflamed. I know your thoughts and I will tell to the Lady this matter that you're old enough to be dismissed from the Mansion for your benefit. All right?"--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
晴雯听了这话，不觉又伤起心来，含泪说道：“我为什么出去？要嫌我，变着法儿打发我去，也不能够的。”宝玉道：“我何曾经过这样吵闹？一定是你要出去了。不如回太太，打发你去罢。”说着，站起来就要走。袭人忙回身拦住，笑道：“往那里去？”宝玉道：“回太太去！”袭人笑道：“好没意思！认真的去回，你也不怕臊了他？便是他认真要去，也等把这气下去了，等无事中说话儿回了太太也不迟。这会子急急的当一件正经事去回，岂不叫太太犯疑？”<br />
<br />
This allusion makes Sunny Cloud Formation unconsciously feel again hurt at heart. “Why should I leave?” she asks with tears, “Even if you so dislike me as to pack me off in various means, you won’t succeed.” “I’ve never seen such brawling!” Precious Jade exclaims. “You’re definitely bent on leaving! I might as well let lady know so as to send you off!” While saying, he stands up and is about to go at once. Aroma immediately turns round and stops him. “Where are you off to?” she smiles. “I’m going to tell my lady.” answers Precious Jade. “What do you mean?” Aroma smiles, “Aren’t you afraid of shaming her if you go and tell lady in earnest? Even if she truly means to leave, you can as well wait until you have calmed from that anger. It won’t be late for you to explain until later during talking, the whole case to our lady. But if you now go hastily and tell her as an urgent matter, will it not misgive our lady?”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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This allusion makes Sunny Cloud Formation unconsciously feel hurt and heartbroken again . “Why should I leave?” she asks with tears, “Even if you so dislike me as to pack me off in various means, you won’t succeed.” “I’ve never seen such brawling!” Precious Jade exclaims, “You’re definitely bent on leaving! I might as well let lady know so as to send you off!” While saying, he stands up and is about to go at once. Aroma immediately turns round and stops him. “Where are you off to?” she smiles. “I’m going to tell my lady.” answers Precious Jade. “What do you mean?” Aroma smiles, “Aren’t you afraid of shaming her if you go and tell lady in earnest? Even if she truly means to leave, you can as well wait until you have calmed from that anger. It won’t be late for you to reply until you calm down , the whole case to our lady. But if you now go hastily and tell her as an urgent matter, will not it misgive our lady?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 10:27, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
宝玉道：“太太必不犯疑，我只明说是他闹着要去的。”晴雯哭道：“我多早晚闹着要去了？饶生了气，还拿话压派我。只管去回，我一头碰死了，也不出这门儿。”宝玉道：“这又奇了。你又不去，你又闹些什么？我经不起这吵，不如去了，倒干净。”说着，一定要去回。袭人见拦不住，只得跪下了。碧痕、秋纹、麝月等众丫鬟见吵闹得利害，都鸦雀无闻的在外头听消息，这会子听见袭人跪下央求，便一齐进来，都跪下了。宝玉忙把袭人拉起来，叹了一声，在床上坐下，叫众人起去。<br />
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Precious Jade says,"The Mistress will trust me definitely for I am going to tell her it is Sunny Cloud Formation herself that cries for leave.” Sunny Cloud Formation is crying,"When did I cry for leave? Not only is you angry but also threaten me with such words. Ok, go and tell the Mistress! I would crash myself to death here rather than get out of this room." Precious Jade says," I am curious about it. If you aren't willing to leave, what are you making a noise for? Your noise is so bothering and intolerable for me that you'd better leave to make it peaceful and harmonious." It is obvious that he insists on telling the Mistress that Sunny Cloud Formation wants to leave. Failing to stop Precious Jade, Aroma goes down her kneels. The argument so heated, maidgirls including Turquoise Mark,Autumn Vein, Deer Month were waiting outside silently and paying close attention to them. Aware that Aroma is begging Precious Jade and kneeling down, they all enter the room and put their kneels down. Precious Jade pulls up Aroma in a hurry, sighing and sitting on the bed, and then asks everyone to get up and out of the room.—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 08:06, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade says,"The Mistress will trust me definitely for I am going to tell her it is Sunny Cloud Formation herself that cries for leave.” Sunny Cloud Formation is crying,"When did I cry for leave? Not only is you angry but also threaten me with such words. Ok, go and tell the Mistress! I would crash myself to death here rather than get out of this room." Precious Jade says," I am curious about it. If you aren't willing to leave, what are you making a noise for? Your noise is so bothering and intolerable for me that you'd better leave to make it peaceful and harmonious." It is obvious that he insists on telling the Mistress that Sunny Cloud Formation wants to leave. Failing to stop Precious Jade, Aroma goes down her kneels. The argument so heated, maidgirls including Turquoise Mark,Autumn Vein, Deer Month were waiting outside silently and paying close attention to them. Aware that Aroma is begging Precious Jade and kneeling down, they all enter the room and put their kneels down. Precious Jade pulls up Aroma in a hurry, sighing and sitting on the bed, and then asks everyone to get up and out of the room.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 13:57, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
向袭人道：“叫我怎么样才好！这个心使碎了，也没人知道。”说着，不觉滴下泪来。袭人见宝玉流下泪来，自己也就哭了。晴雯在旁哭着，方欲说话，只见黛玉进来，便出去了。林黛玉笑道：“大节下，怎么好好的哭起来？难道是为争粽子吃，争恼了不成？”宝玉和袭人“嗤”的一笑。林黛玉道：“二哥哥不告诉我，我不问你也就知道了。”一面说，一面拍着袭人的肩，笑道：“好嫂子，你告诉我，必定是你们两个拌了嘴。告诉妹妹，替你们和劝和劝。”<br />
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What would you have me do?" he asked, addressing himself to Aroma. "This heart of mine has been rent to pieces, and no one has any idea about it!" While speaking, tears of a sudden rolled down his cheek. At the sight of Precious Jade weeping, Aroma also melted into a fit of crying. Ch'ing Wen was standing by them, with watery eyes. She was on the point of reasoning with them, when espying Mascara Jade Forest step into the room, she speedily walked out." On a grand holiday like this," remonstrated Mascara Jade Forest smiling, "how is it that you're snivelling away, and all for nothing? Is it likely that high words have resulted all through that 'dumpling' contest?" Precious Jade and Mascara Jade Forest blurted out laughing. "You don't tell me, cousin," Mascara Jade Forest put in, "but I know all about it, even though I have asked no questions." Now she spoke, and now she patted Aroma on the shoulder. "My dear sister-in-law," she smiled, "just you tell me! It must surely be that you two have had a quarrel. Confide in me, your cousin, so that I might reconcile you."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 13:56, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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What would you have me do?" he asked, addressing himself to Aroma. "My heart has been cut to pieces, and no one has any idea about it!" While her speaking, tears of a sudden rolled down his cheek. At the sight of Precious Jade weeping, Aroma also melted into a fit of crying. Sunny Cloud Formation was standing by them, with watery eyes. She was on the point of reasoning with them, when espying Mascara Jade Forest stepped into the room, she speedily walked out." On a grand holiday like this," remonstrated Mascara Jade Forest smiling, "how is it that you're sniveling away, and all for nothing? Is it likely that high words have resulted all through that 'dumpling' contest?" Precious Jade and Mascara Jade Forest blurted out laughing. "You don't tell me, cousin," Mascara Jade Forest put in, "but I know all about it, even though I have asked no questions." Now she spoke, and now she patted Aroma on the shoulder. "My dear sister-in-law," she smiled, "just you tell me! It must surely be that you two have had a quarrel. Confide in me, your cousin, so that I might reconcile you."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:55, 6 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220425_homework&diff=142079CULTURE2022 20220425 homework2022-05-08T11:50:02Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 */</p>
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Quicklinks: [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[CULTURE2022_20220603_final_exam|final exam page]]<br />
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
二人正说着，可巧小丫头靓儿因不见了扇子，和宝钗笑道：“必是宝姑娘藏了我的。好姑娘，赏我罢。”宝钗指他道：“你要仔细！我和谁玩过，你来疑我？和你素日嘻皮笑脸的那些姑娘们，你该问他们去。”说的靓儿跑了。宝玉自知又把话说造次了，当着许多人，更比才在黛玉跟前更不好意思，便急回身，又同别人搭赸去了。黛玉听见宝玉奚落宝钗，心中着实得意，才要搭言，也趁势取个笑，不想靓儿因找扇子，宝钗又发了两句话，他便改口说道：“宝姐姐，你听了两出什么戏？<br />
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The two are talking, but coincidentally the little girl Lian'er lost her fan. And with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass laughing and talking, "It must be you who hid mine. Sweetie, give it back to me." Precious Hairpin Marshgrass pointed to her and said: "You have to be careful! You know who I have played with. This time you doubt me? The girls who have been smiling and laughing with you, you should ask them." Liang'er ran away because of this chat. Precious Jade knew he said wrong things again, especially in public rather than before Mascara Jade Forest so he rushed back and talked with others. When Mascara Jade Forest heard what Precious Jade had said, she became happier to talk with and laugh at them. However, she changed her words and said "What dramas have you watched, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass?" after Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said something because Liang'er had to look for her fan.--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:53, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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When the two are talking, coincidentally the little girl Liang'er lost her fan. And with Precious Hairpin Marshgrass laughing and talking, "It must be you who hid my fan. Sweetie, give it back to me." Precious Hairpin Marshgrass pointed to her and said: "You must be careful! Who I have played with that you doubt me? It's the girls who have been smiling and laughing with you, you should ask them." Liang'er ran away hearing this. Precious Jade knew he had said wrong things again, especially shameful in public rather than before Mascara Jade Forest so he rushed back and talked with others. When Mascara Jade Forest heard what Precious Jade had said, she became happier to talk with and laugh at them. However, she changed her words and said "What dramas have you watched, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass?" after Precious Hairpin Marshgrass said something because Liang'er had to look for her fan.<br />
<br />
==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
”宝钗因见黛玉面上有得意之态，一定是听了宝玉方才奚落之言，遂了他的心愿，忽又见问他这话，便笑道：“我看的是李逵骂了宋江，后来又赔不是。”宝玉便笑道：“姐姐通今博古，色色都知道，怎么连这一出戏的名儿也不知道，就说了这么一串。这叫做‘负荆请罪’。”宝钗笑道：“原来这叫‘负荆请罪’！你们通今博古，才知道‘负荆请罪’，我不知什么叫‘负荆请罪’。”一句话未说了，宝玉黛玉二人心里有病，听了这话，早把脸羞红了。<br />
Seeing that Mascara Jade looked pleased, Jade Hairpin Marsh grass must have listened to Precious Jade's taunts and given him what he wanted. Suddenly she asked him what he had said and said with a smile, "What I saw is that Li Kui scolded Song Jiang and then apologized." Precious Jade laughed and said, "My sister knows everything about this play, but she doesn't even know the name of the play, so she just talked about it. It's called 'offer a humble apology'."Jade Hairpin Marshgrass laughed and said, "Ahh,this is called 'offer a humble apology'! Until now, you have known the 'offer a humble apology'. I do not know what it means." Before she said that, Both Precious Jade and Mascara Jade were sick and blushed at this.<br />
<br />
Seeing that Mascara Jade looked pleased, Jade Hairpin Marsh grass must have listened to Precious Jade's taunts and given him what he wanted. Listened to this suddenly, he then smiled "What I saw is that Li Kui scolded Song Jiang and then apologized." Precious Jade laughed and said, "Oh!My sister! You know everything about this play, how could you don't even know the name of the play and say so much about it? It's called 'offer a humble apology'."Jade Hairpin Marshgrass laughed and said, "Ahh,this is called 'offer a humble apology'! Until now, you have known the 'offer a humble apology'. I do not know what it means." Before she finished her sentence, both Precious Jade and Mascara Jade blushed at this since I they have secrets.--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 04:57, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
凤姐这些上虽不通，但只看他三人形景，便知其意，也笑问道：“这们大热的天，谁还吃生姜呢？”众人不解，便说道：“没有吃生姜的。”凤姐故意用手摸着腮，咤异道：“既没人吃生姜，怎么这样辣辣的？”宝玉黛玉二人听见这话，越发不好意思了。宝钗再欲说话，见宝玉十分羞愧，形景改变，也就不好再说，只得一笑收住。别人总未解得他四个人的言语，因此付之一笑。一时宝钗凤姐去了，黛玉笑向宝玉道：“你也试着比我利害的人了。谁都象我心拙口夯的，由着人说呢！<br />
<br />
Though Sister Phoenix didn't know much about this thing, she figured it out only by looking at these three and laughed " Who is eating ginger in such a hot day?" Everyone puzzled and said " Nobody is eating ginger." Sister Phoenix deliberately touched her cheeks and said surprisedly "Then why is it so hot if no one is eating ginger?" Precious Jade and Jade Forests felt more shy after listening to this. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was about to say something but seeing Precious Jade felt ashamed she had no choice but to swallowed it down and replaced it with a decent smile. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass and Sister Phoenix left, Jade Forests said to Precious Jade, joking " Everyone is more eloquent than me. Nobody's so inexpressive like me and could bear whatever others say."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:04, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Though Sister Phoenix didn't know much about this thing, she figured it out only by looking at these three and laughed " Who will eat ginger in such a hot day?" Everyone puzzled and said " Nobody is eating ginger." Sister Phoenix deliberately touched her cheeks and said surprisedly "Then why is it so hot if no one is eating ginger?" Precious Jade and Jade Forests felt more shy after listening to this. Precious Hairpin Marshgrass was about to say something but seeing Precious Jade felt ashamed she had no choice but to swallow it down and replaced it with a decent smile. After Precious Hairpin Marshgrass and Sister Phoenix left, Jade Forests said to Precious Jade, joking " Everyone is more eloquent than me. Nobody's so inexpressive like me and could bear whatever others say."—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
”宝玉正因宝钗多心，自己没趣，又见黛玉问着他，越发没好气起来。欲待要说两句，又怕黛玉多心，说不得忍气，无精打彩，一直出来。谁知目今盛暑之际，又当早饭已过，各处主仆人等多半都因日长神倦，宝玉背着手，到一处，一处鸦雀无声。从贾母这里出来，往西走过了穿堂，便是凤姐的院落。到他院门前，只见院门掩着，知道凤姐素日的规矩，每到天热，午间要歇一个时辰的，进去不便，遂进角门，来到王夫人上房内。只见几个丫头手里拿着针线，却打盹儿。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade bored to think about Precious Hairpin was annoyed when Mascara Jade asked him. He was going to say but stopped in case of suspicion of Mascara Jade. He couldn’t say nothing but swallowed. Frustrating until he went out. However, he didn’t notice it was the time that scorching summer came and breakfast went. Near a half of servants were tired due to the long and hot days. With his hands clasped behind back, Precious Jade came to a place that was extremely silent. Coming from Grandma Merchant’s, he walked westward through the hall to Sister Phoenix’s house. It was closed when he achieved. He knew Sister Phoenix’s rules that if the day is hot, she will have a rest for two hours. It was not convenient to get in. He changed, through the corner door, to Lady King’s but found several maids who were napping with needles.—[[User:Chen Xinyi1|Chen Xinyi1]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi1|talk]]) 16:30, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
王夫人在里间凉床上睡着，金钏儿坐在傍边捶腿，也乜斜着眼乱恍。宝玉轻轻的走到跟前，把他耳上带的坠子一摘，金钏儿睁跟，见是宝玉。宝玉便悄悄的笑道：“就困的这么着？”金钏抿嘴一笑，摆手令他出去，仍合上眼。宝玉见了他，就有些恋恋不舍的，悄悄的探头瞧瞧王夫人合着眼，便自己向身边荷包里带的香雪润津丹掏了一丸出来，便向金钏儿口里一送，金钏儿并不睁眼，只管噙了。宝玉上来，便拉着手，悄悄的笑道：“我和太太讨你，咱们在一处吧。”金钏儿不答。<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
宝玉又道：“不然，等太太醒来，我就讨。”金钏儿睁开眼，将宝玉一推，笑道：“你忙什么？‘金簪儿掉在井里头，有你的只是有你的。’连这句俗语难道也不明白？我告诉你个巧方儿，你往东小院子里拿环哥儿同彩云去。”宝玉笑道：“凭他怎么去罢，我只守着你。”只见王夫人翻身起来，照盘钏儿脸上就打了一个嘴巴子，指着骂道：“下作小娼妇！好好爷们，都叫你们教坏了！”宝玉见王夫人起来，早一溜烟去了。这里金钏儿半边脸火热，一声不敢言语。<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
登时众丫头们听见王夫人醒了，都忙进来。王夫人便叫：“玉钏儿，把你妈叫上来，带出你姐姐去。”金钏儿听见，忙跪下哭道：“我再不敢了！太太要打要骂，只管发落，别叫我出去，就是天恩了。我跟了太太十来年，这会子撵出去，我还见人不见人呢！”王夫人固然是个宽仁慈厚的人，从来不曾打过丫头们一下，今忽见金钏儿行此无耻之事，此乃平生最恨者，故气忿不过，打了一下子，骂了几句。虽金钏儿苦求，也不肯收留；到底唤了金钏儿之母白老媳妇领了下去。<br />
<br />
At that moment the maids heard that Lady King was awake, so hurried in. Lady King called, "Jade Bracelet, call your mother in and take your sister away." Golden Bracelet heard that, knelt down and cried: "I dare not again! If you wants to beat or scold me, just let it go, but don't send me out. I've been with you for ten years, and I'll see nobody if I was kicked out." Lady King was indeed a kind person, and had never beaten her maids. Now she was indignant and excepting Golden Bracelet -- she had hated the most in her life -- and excepting also a few harsh words. Though Golden Bracelet excepted her also, Finally called Golden Bracelet's mother white old wife led down.--[[User:Guo Zirui|Guo Zirui]] ([[User talk:Guo Zirui|talk]]) 14:27, 2 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
那金制儿含羞忍辱的出去，不在话下。且说宝玉见王夫人醒了，自己没趣，忙进大观园来。只见赤日当无，树阴合地，满耳蝉声，静无人语。刚到了蔷薇架，只听见有人哽噎之声，宝玉心中疑惑，便站住细听，果然架下那边有人。此时正是五月，那蔷薇花叶茂盛之际，宝玉悄悄的隔着篱笆洞儿一看，只见一个女孩子蹲在花下，手里拿着根绾头的簪子在地下抠土，一面悄悄的流泪呢。宝玉心中想道：“难道这也是十痴丫头，又象颦儿来葬花不成！<br />
<br />
Golden Bracelet went out with shame and feelings of humiliation. Precious Jade saw that Lady King had woken up, feeling bored, and went to the Daguan Gardens.<br />
The hot sun was high in the sky and the shadow covered the ground. There was no sounds of human but the songs of cicadas. Walking nearly to the rose bushes, Precious Jade heard someone was chocking. Confused, he stopped to distinguish the cry. Someone was there! It was in May, the month that roses were blossoming and leafy, and Precious Jade saw from the hole of the fence quietly and found a crouched girl crying silently while using the hair clasp to dig at the earth. Precious Jade wondered:" Is this also a perfect fool girl like Frown burying flowers?"––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Golden Bracelet went out with shame and feelings of humiliation. Precious Jade saw that Lady King had woken up, feeling bored, and went to the Daguan Gardens.<br />
The hot sun was high in the sky and the shadow covered the ground. There was no sounds of human but the songs of cicadas. Walking nearly to the rose bushes, Precious Jade heard someone was chocking. Confused, he stopped to distinguish the cry. Someone was there! It was in May, the month that roses were blossoming and leafy, and Precious Jade saw from the hole of the fence quietly and found a crouched girl crying silently while using the hair clasp to dig at the earth. Precious Jade wondered:" Is this also a perfect fool girl like Frown burying flowers?"––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 15:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
”因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓‘东施效颦’，不但不为新特，而且更是可厌了。”想毕，便要叫那女子，说：“你不用跟着林姑娘学了。”话未出口，幸而再看时，这女孩子面生，不是个侍儿，倒像是那十二个学戏的女孩子之内一个，却辨不出他是生、旦、净、丑那一个脚色来。宝玉忙忙把舌头一伸，将口掩住，自己想道：“幸而不曾造次，上两回皆因造次了，颦儿也生气，宝儿也多心，如今再得罪了他们，越发没意思了。”一面想，一面又恨认不得这个是谁。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade laughed:"If she also inhumes flowers, that might be called awkward imitation. The behavior is not surprising but disgusting." Thinking for a while, he was on the point of calling to her, "You don't need to imitate miss Lin." When Precious Jade noticed her face inadvertently, he found that the girl looked unfamiliar. She wasn't a maid but seemed like one of the 12 girls who were learning opera,even if Precious Jade could not distinguish which role that she played. He stopped his tongue and covered his mouth. "It's my fortune that I still don't speak out." Precious Jade held himself. Last two times, I failed to hold my mouth, displeasing Jade Forests and annoying Precious Hairpin Marshgrass . It would be no sense to offend any of these girls. Precious Jade was thinking by himself while was upset that he could not identified who she was.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 06:38, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Precious Jade laughed, “It might be called awkward imitation if she also infumes flowers, which is not surprising but disgusting.” Thinking for a while, he called her, “There is no need for you to learn from Miss Forest.” When Precious Jade stared at her face closely, he found the girl looked unfamiliar, who didn’t resemble a maid but looked like one of the twelve girls learning opera. However, Precious Jade could not distinguish which role she played, the Sheng, the Dan, the JIng or the clown. He stuck his tongue hastily and covered his mouth. “It’s my fortune that I don’t speak it out,” Precious Jade thought, “Last two times I failed to hold my mouth, displeasing and provoking both Jade Forest and Precious Hairpin Marshgrass. It would be nonsensical to offend any of them.” Precious Jade was thinking while was upset about himself for failing to identify the girl.--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 10:19, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
再留神细看，只见这女孩子眉蹙春山，眼颦秋水，面薄腰纤，袅袅婷婷，大有林黛玉之态。宝玉早又不忍弃他而去，只管痴看，只见他虽然用金簪画地，并不是掘士埋花，竟是向土上画字。宝玉用眼随着簪子的起落，一直到底，一画、一点、一勾的看了去，数一数，十八笔，自己又在手心里用指头接着他方才下笔的规矩写了，猜是个什么字。写成一想，原来就是个蔷薇花的“蔷”字。宝玉想道：“必定是他也要做诗填词，这会子见这花，因有所感，或者偶成一两句，一时兴至，怕忘，在地下画着推敲，也未可知。<br />
<br />
Precious Jade paid close attention to watching and found the girl’s eyebrows were as lush as spring mountains, her eyes as crystal as autumn waters, her face thin, her waist slender and her posture elegant that was much like Mascara Jade Forest. Precious Jade couldn’t make his mind to leave her alone, so he was just obsessed with gazing at her. She dug the earth ground by her hairpin, not digging the dirt to plant flowers but writing characters on the ground. Precious Jade’s eyeballs moved around with the hairpin’s rising and falling straight to the end. Every horizontal stroke, every dot and every hook, all 18 strokes, were watch by Precious Jade. Precious Jade then drew in his palm by his finger according to the stroke order, wondering what she had written. It turned out to be the “rosa” of “rosa multiflora”. Precious Jade thought, “She must have been composing a poem. Whether she was enchanted by the flowers or some verses came into her mind so she wrote it down lest she should forget, it was hard to tell.”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 11:54, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Precious Jade paid close attention to watching and found the girl’s eyebrows were as lush as spring mountains, her eyes as crystal as autumn waters, her face thin, her waist slender and her posture elegant that was much like Mascara Jade Forest. Precious Jade has already not borne to leave her alone, so he was just obsessed with gazing at her. She dug the earth ground by her hairpin, not for digging the dirt to plant flowers but writing characters on the ground. Precious Jade’s eyeballs moved with the hairpin’s rising, falling and straight to the end. Every horizontal stroke, every dot and every hook, all 18 strokes, were watch by Precious Jade. He then drew in his palm by his finger according to her stroke order, wondering what she had written. It turned out to be the “Rosa” of rosa multiflora. Precious Jade thought, “She must have been composing a poem. Whether she was enchanted by the flower or some verses coming into her mind so she wrote it down lest she should forget was hard to tell.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 03:01, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
且看他底下再写什么。”一面想，一面又看，只见那女孩子还在那里画呢。画来画去，还是个“蔷”字。再看，还是个“蔷”字。里面的原是早已痴了，画完一个“蔷”又画一个“蔷”，已经画了有几十个。外面的不觉也看痴了，两个眼睛珠儿只管随着簪子动，心里却想：“这女孩子一定有什么说不出的大心事，才这么个形景。外面他既是这个形景，心里不知怎么熬煎呢！看他的横样儿，这般单薄，心里那里还搁得住熬煎？可恨我不能替你分些过来。”<br />
<br />
“……I’d like to see what she is going to write later.” He was wondering while watching, that girl still writing over there. She kept writing which turned out to be a word of “Rose”. And when he stared at it, it was the word of “Rose” as well. The girl inside has already been obsessed with it, writing the word of “Rose” one after another, which added up to dozens. At the same time, the person outside also watched obsessively, the two eyes of whom were just moving with the hairpin. And he thought, “The reason why she is doing so must be that she has something in the bottom of her heart that is hardly exposed to others. Now that she presents herself as such an appearance, how mentally insufferable she is! With such a thin figure, can she withstand her inner suffering? It is so pitiful that I am unable to share your suffering.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 02:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
伏中阴晴不定，片云可以致雨，忽然凉风过了，飒飒的落下一阵雨来。宝玉看那女子头上滴下水来，纱衣裳登时湿了。宝玉想道：“这是下雨了，他这个身子，如何禁得骧雨一激。”因此禁不住便说道：“不用写了。你看下大雨，身上都湿了。”那女孩子听说，倒唬了一跳，抬头一看，只见花外一个人叫他“不要写下大雨了”，一则宝玉脸面俊秀；二则花叶繁茂，上下俱被枝叶隐住，刚露着半边脸，那女孩子只当是个丫头，再不想是宝玉，因笑道：“多谢姐姐提醒了我，难道姐姐在外头有什么遮雨的？”<br />
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The weather was very mixed in midsummer. A few clouds could bring about precipitation. Suddenly, a cool breeze blew, the rain falling. Seeing some raindrops dripped down from the girl's head and wetted her tissue embroidered, Precious Jade thought," It is raining. How can her delicate body withstand such a heavy rain." Therefore, he couldn't help saying,"Don't continue writing! It is raining so heavily and you have already got wet." That girl was startled by his voice, looking up and seeing a man was reminding her that "stop writing. It is raining heavily." Due to Precious Jade's handsome appearance, and the luxuriant trees and flowers, by which Precious Jade was almost hidden, baring only half of his face,that girl just thought him as a servant girl but Precious Jade. So she laughed," Thanks for your reminding. But do you have something to shelter form the rian?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 06:39, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
The weather was very mixed in midsummer. A few clouds could bring about precipitation. Suddenly, a cool breeze blew, the rain falling. Seeing some raindrops dripped down from the girl's head and wetted her tissue embroidered, Precious Jade thought," It is raining. How can her delicate body withstand such a heavy rain." Therefore, he couldn't help saying,"Don't continue writing! It is raining so heavily and you have already got wet." That girl was startled by his voice, looking up and seeing a man was reminding her that "stop writing. It is raining heavily." Due to Precious Jade's handsome appearance, and the luxuriant trees and flowers, by which Precious Jade was almost hidden, baring only half of his face,that girl just thought him as a servant girl but Precious Jade. So she laughed," Thanks for your reminding. But do you have something to shelter form the rian?"--[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 11:56, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
一句提醒了宝玉，“嗳哟”了一声，才觉得浑身冰凉。低头看看自己身上，也都湿了。说：“不好！”只得一气跑回怡红院去了，心里却还记挂着那女孩子没处避雨。原来明日是端阳节，那文官等十二个女孩子都放了学，进园来各处玩耍，可巧小生宝官正旦玉官两个女孩子，正在怡红院和袭人玩笑，被雨阻住，大家把沟堵了，水积在院内，把些绿头鸭、花???、彩鸳鸯，捉的捉，赶的赶，缝了翅膀，放在院内玩耍，将院门关了。袭人等都在游廊上嘻笑。<br />
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This reminded Precious Jade. “Aiyo!”then he felt a gust of coldness across his body.When he looked down, he found that he had got totally wet. “Oh, my god!”he had to run back to , but he still worried about that girl has nowhere to shelter the rain. Tomorrow is the Double Fifth festival, the twelve girls have come back from school and played in the garden. Two of the girls named Bao Guan and Yu Guan was playing with Aroma in . They happened to be blocked by the rain. They blocked up the gutters and made the water collect in the courtyard. --[[User:Li Wanying|Li Wanying]] ([[User talk:Li Wanying|talk]]) 11:53, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
宝玉见关着门，便用手扣门，里面诸人只顾笑，那里听见？叫了半日，拍得门山响，里面方听见了。料着宝玉这会子再不回来的，袭人笑道：“谁这会子叫门？没人开去。”宝玉道：“是我。”麝月道：“是宝姑娘的声音。”晴雯道：“胡说！宝姑娘这会子做什么来？”袭人道：“让我隔着门缝儿瞧瞧，可开就开，别叫他淋着回击。”说着，便顺着游廊到门前往外一瞧，只见宝玉淋得“雨打鸡”一般。袭人见了，又是着忙，又足可笑，忙开了门，笑着，弯腰拍手道：“那里知道是爷回来了！你怎么大雨里跑了来？”<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
宝玉一肚子没好气，满心里要把开门的踢几脚，方开了门，并不看真是谁，还只当是那些小丫头们，便抬腿踢在肋上，袭人“嗳哟”了一声。宝玉还骂道：“下流东西们！我素日担待你们得了意，一点儿也不怕，越发拿着我取笑儿了！”口里说着，一低头见是袭人哭了，方知踢错了。忙笑道：“嗳哟”是你来了！踢在那里了？”袭人从来不曾受过一句大话儿的，今忽见宝玉生气踢他一下，又当着许多人，又是羞，又是气，又是疼，真一时置身无地。<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
待要怎么样，料着宝玉未必是安心踢他，少不得忍着说道：“没有踢着，还不换衣裳去！”宝玉一面进房来解衣，一面笑道：“我长了这么大，今日是头一遭儿生气打人，不想偏生遇见了你！”袭人一面忍痛换衣裳，一面笑道：“我是个起头儿的人，也不论事大事小，是好是歹，自然也该从我起。但只是别说打了我，明日顺了手，也打起别人来。”宝玉道：“我才也不是安心。”袭人道：“谁说是安心呢！素日开门关门的都是那起小丫头们的事，他们是憨皮惯了的，早已恨得人牙痒痒，他们也没个怕惧，你打量是他们，踢一下子唬唬也好。<br />
<br />
What will the Aroma do？Precious Jade Merchant wasn't consciously to kick. Aroma had to bear to say, "Change your clothes, you haven't kicked me !" Precious Jade Merchant came into the room to undress and said with a smile, "Till now, today is the first time I beat. To my surprise, I meet you!" Aroma helped change clothes in pain and said with a smile: "I'm the person who starts. No matter what's big or small, good or bad, it should start from me. But you don't hit me today, and tomorrow hit others." Precious Jade Merchant said, "I'm not at ease." Aroma: "who says it's reassuring! It's all about the little girls who open and close the door in the past. They were naughty and hated by people. They don't have any fear. You can look at them and kick them to make them scared at once.--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 07:10, 26 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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What will the Aroma do？Precious Jade Merchant did not kick deliberately. Aroma had to bear to say, "Change your clothes, you haven't kicked me !" Precious Jade Merchant came into the room to undress and said with a smile, "Till now, today is the first time I have beaten. To my surprise, I meet you!" Aroma helped change clothes in pain and said with a smile: "I'm the person who starts. No matter what's big or small, good or bad, it should start from me. But you don't hit me today, and tomorrow hit others." Precious Jade Merchant said, "I'm not at ease." Aroma: "who says it's reassuring! It's all about the little girls who open and close the door in the past. They were naughty and hated by people. They don't have any fear. You can look at them and kick them to make them scared at once.—[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:34, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
刚才是我淘气，不叫开门的。”说着，那雨已住了，宝官玉官也早去了。袭人只觉肋上疼得心里发闹，晚饭也不曾吃。至晚间洗澡脱了衣服，只见肋上青了碗大一块，自己倒唬了一跳，又不好声张。一时睡下，梦中作痛，由不得“嗳哟”之声，从睡中哼出。宝玉虽说不是安心，因见袭人懒懒的，也不安稳。忽夜里闻得“嗳哟”，便知踢重了，自己下床来，悄悄的秉灯来照。刚到床前，只见袭人嗽了两声，吐出一口痰来，“嗳哟”一声，睁眼见了宝玉，倒唬一跳，道：“作什么？”<br />
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I played a joke and just did not allow someone else to get the door.” He said when rain gradually stopped. They have gone early. With pain in the ribs, Aroma was not herself. When she took off her clothes, she was startled by the bruise, which was on the ribs. The pain made her scream when she fell asleep. Hearing this, Precious Jade Merchant felt uncomfortable and nervous although he did not mean to. So he got out of bed, held the lamp and went to her bedside. Aroma coughed and spitted and suddenly opened her eyes screaming. “What are you doing?” She asked.—[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 01:28, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
宝玉道：“你梦里‘嗳哟’，必是踢重了，我瞧瞧。”袭人道：“我头上发晕，嗓子里又腥又甜，你倒照一照地下罢。”宝玉听说，果然持灯向地下一照，只见一口鲜血在地。宝玉慌了，只说：“了不得了！”袭人见了，也就心冷了半截。要知端的，下回分解。◎第三十一回撕扇子作千金一笑因麒麟伏白首双星话说袭人见了自己吐的鲜血在地，也就冷了半截，想着往日常听人说：“少年吐血，年月不保；纵然命长，终是废人了。”想起此言，不觉将素日想着后来争荣夸耀之心，尽皆灰了，眼中不觉的滴下泪来。<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
宝玉见他哭了，也不觉心酸起来，因问道：“你心里觉着怎么样？”袭人勉强笑道：“好好的，觉怎么样呢。”宝玉的意思即刻便要叫人烫黄酒，要山羊血黎峒丸来。袭人拉了他的手，笑道：“你这一闹不大紧，闹起多少人来，倒抱怨我轻狂。分明人不知道，倒闹得人知道了，你也不好，我也不好。正经明日你打发小子问问王太医去，弄点子药吃吃就好了。人不知鬼不觉的，可不好？”宝玉听了有理，也只得罢了；向案上斟了茶来，给袭人漱了口。<br />
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Seeing her cry, Precious Merchant Jade can't help feeling sad. Thus, he asks, "What do you think deep in heart?" "So fine am I. How else could I feel?" Precious Merchant Jade wants to get her some warm yellow rice wine as well as the Goat blood Lidong pill. Xiren takes his hand and says with a smile, "It does not matter that you bother to do this. What if we wake up all others? They will complain that I'm frivolous. People didn't know about it, but this will inform them, and that's good for neither of us. Tomorrow, you send the boy to ask Dr. Wang to get some medicine to eat. It's not good for people to go unnoticed? " Precious Merchant Jade was justified, but he had to pour tea on the case and wash Xiren's mouth.--[[User:Wang Rou|Wang Rou]] ([[User talk:Wang Rou|talk]]) 03:06, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Seeing her cry, Precious Merchant Jade can't help feeling sad. Thus, he asks, "What do you think deep in heart?" "So fine am I. How else could I feel?" Precious Merchant Jade wants to get her some warm yellow rice wine as well as the Goat blood Lidong pill. Xiren takes his hand and says with a smile, "It does not matter that you bother to do this. What if we wake up all others? They will complain that I'm frivolous. People didn't know about it, but this will inform them, and that's good for neither of us. Tomorrow, you send the boy to ask Dr. Wang to get some medicine to eat. It's not good for people to go unnoticed? " Precious Merchant Jade was justified, but he had to pour tea on the case and wash Xiren's mouth.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 03:34, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
袭人知宝玉心内也不安稳的，待要不叫他伏侍，他又必不依；二则定要惊动别人，小如且由他去罢：因此倚在榻上，由宝玉去伏侍。一交五更，宝玉也顾不得梳洗，忙穿衣出来，将王济仁叫来，亲自确问。王济仁问其原故，不过是伤损，便说了个丸药的名字，怎么服，怎么敷。宝玉记了，回园来，依方调治，不在话下。这日正是端阳佳节，蒲艾簪门，虎符系臂，午间王夫人治了酒席，请薛家母女等赏午。宝玉见宝锓淡淡的，也不和他说话，自知是昨日的原故。<br />
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Aroma knew that Precious Jade Merchant felt nervous but if she asked him not to stay here for taking care, he would have rejected. Moreover, it may horrify others so it would be better to let him feel free to do so: thus, she lounged on the bed and Precious Jade Merchant attended to her. Time passed quickly and it was 5 o'clock. Precious Jade Merchant had no time to tidy up himself and quickly wore his clothes asking Wang Ji'ren to come to confirm in his person. Wang JI'ren asked the reason and said that it was merely small hurt then mentioned the name of a pill which he told Baoyu how to take in and apply to. Baoyu forgot it. After coming back to his dwelling, he made the pill according to the prescription easily. It was the Dragon Boat Festival that day, every household put mugwort upon the lintel and everyone applied tiger tally onto arms.During the noon, Mrs. Wang prepared a banquet for mother and daughter of Xue and so on to admire the noon. Baoyu saw that Baoqin was quite indifferent and unwilling to talk to him. He knew it was the sake of yesterday that fumed her.--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 02:35, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
王夫人见宝玉没精打彩。也只当是昨日金钏儿之事，他没好意思的，越发不理他。林黛玉见宝玉懒懒的，只当是他因为得罪了宝钗的原故，心中不自在，形容也就懒懒的。凤姐昨日晚问王夫人就告诉了他宝玉金钏的事，知道王夫人不自在，自己如何敢说笑，也就随着王夫人气色行事，更觉淡淡的。迎春姐妹见众人无意思，也都无意思了。因此，大家坐了一坐，就散了。林黛玉天性喜散不喜聚，他想得也有个道理。他说：“人有聚就有散，聚时欢喜，到散时岂不清冷？<br />
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Lady King found Precious Jade listless and just attributed it to King Bracelet’s event happened yesterday. He was embarrassed and tried to ignore him. Mascara Jade Forest saw Precious Jade was lazy and just attributed it to his offence to Precious Hairpin. He was under pressure so he looked lazy. Splendid Phoenix King asked Lady King and told her the event between Precious Jade and King Bracrlet，and she knew Lady King was upset，how dare she to tell jokes？She could only watch what Lady King was doing and saying to do things，so she also felt boring. Therefore，they sat down for a while and then<br />
dispersed. It was Mascara Jade Forest’s to like dispersion and dislike accumulation. She thought there was a reason. She said，“Where there is gathering，there is dispersion，how happy you are when gathering，then how lonely you are when dispersion.”--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 13:33, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
既清冷则生感伤，所以不如倒是不聚的好。比如那花开时令人爱慕，谢时便增惆怅，所以倒是不开的好。”故此，人以为欢喜时，他反以为悲。那宝玉的情性只愿常聚，生怕一时散了；那花只愿常开，生怕一时谢了；只到筵散花谢，虽有万种悲伤，也就无可如何了。因此今日之筵，大家无兴散了，林黛玉倒不觉得，倒是宝玉心中闷闷不乐，回至自己房中，长吁短叹。偏生晴雯上来换衣服，不防又把扇子失了手，掉在地下，将骨子跌折。<br />
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Since the feeling of sadness was triggered by loniness, it is more pacified without this gathering. It is the same with the growth of flowers.It only adds to the depression when a flower withers, despite its endearing but transitory blossom,which is no better than non-flowering." Because of this, she was sad while others all enjoyed themselves.As Precious Jade's temperament, he greatly longed for gathering all the time with worries of its unprepared ending.In this way,he would rather wish the flowers bloom all the time with worries of its withering. There was no alternative until the gathering ended like the flower's fading, though his heart was full of countless sadness. So for this gathering, Mascara Jade didn't think more after pepole departed with the interest fading away.Instead,Precious Jade was so sullen that he returned to his room to sign deeply. What was worse,Sunny Cloud Formation carelessly dropped the fan on the ground and broke the framework of the fan when she came to change clothes for him.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 03:58, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
<br />
Since the feeling of sadness was triggered by loniness, it is more pacified without this gathering. It is the same with the growth of flowers.It only adds to the depression when a flower withers, despite its endearing but transitory blossom,which is no better than non-flowering." Because of this, she was sad while others all enjoyed themselves.As Precious Jade's temperament, he greatly longed for gathering all the time with worries of its unprepared ending.In this way,he would rather wish the flowers bloom all the time with worries of its withering. There was no alternative until the gathering ended like the flower's fading, though his heart was full of countless sadness. So for this gathering, Mascara Jade didn't think more after pepole departed with the interest fading away.Instead,Precious Jade was so sullen that he returned to his room and signed deeply. What's worse,Sunny Cloud Formation carelessly dropped the fan on the ground and broke it when she came to change clothes for him.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 03:45, 2 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
宝玉因叹道：“蠢才，蠢才！将来怎么样？明日你自己当家立业，难道也是这么顾前不顾后的？”晴雯冷笑道：“二爷近来气大得很，行动就给脸子瞧。前日连袭人都打了，今日又来寻我们的不是。要踢要打凭爷去。就是跌了扇子，也是平常的事；先时连那么样的玻璃缸、玛瑙碗，不知弄坏了多少，也没见个大气儿。这会子一把扇子就这么着了。何苦来！嫌我们就打发了我们，再挑好的使。好离好散的倒不好？”宝玉听了这些话，气的浑身乱战。<br />
<br />
<br />
Therefore, Precious Jade sighed, "fool, fool! What will happen in the future? In the future, you will be in charge of your own family and business. Is it that you care about the past and ignore what will happen in the future?" Sunny Cloud Formation sneered: "Master, you've been so testy recently that you always show us how angry you are. You even hit Aroma before, and now you're in trouble with us again. You can beat me or kick me away if you want. It's normal to break the fan. I don't know how many glass jars and agate bowls were broken by you before. It's Just a fan which was broken again. Why do you bother? If you dislike us, send us away and choose the right person for yourself. Can't we be separated well? " Precious Jade trembled with anger after hearing these words.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 10:42, 28 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Therefore, Precious Jade sighed, "fool, fool! What will happen in the future? In the future, you will be in charge of your own family and business. Is it that you care about the past and ignore what will happen in the future?" Sunny Cloud Formation sneered: "Master, you've been so testy recently that you always show us your anger. You even hit Aroma before, and now you're finding trouble with us again. You can beat me or kick me away if you want. It's normal to break the fan. I can't calculate how many glass jars and agate bowls were broken by you before. It's just a fan which was broken again. Why do you bother? If you dislike us, send us away and choose the right person for yourself. Can't we be separated well? " Precious Jade trembled with anger after hearing these words.--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 09:30, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
因此说道：“你不用忙，将来有散的日子！”袭人在那边早已听见，忙赶过来，向宝玉道：“好好的，又怎么了？可是我说的：‘一时我不到就有事故儿。’”晴雯听了冷笑道：“姐姐既会说，就该早来，也省了爷生气。自古以来，就只是你一个人伏侍爷的，我们原没伏侍过。因为你伏侍的好，昨日才挨窝心脚；我们不会伏侍的，明日还不知是个什么罪呢？”袭人听了这话，又是恼，又是愧；待要说几句话，因见宝玉已经气的黄了脸，少不得自己忍个性子，推晴雯道：“好妹妹，你出去逛逛，原是我们的不是。”<br />
<br />
Then he said, “it wouldn’t bother you, one day we are bound to depart!” Aroma hurried here as she heard them talking, “what’s going on? Are you arguing my saying ‘I was away for only a second?’” Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, “sister should came early in that you had indicated, which would save the temper for our lord. It seems that you are the only maid who had been severed our lord, which earned you a hurtful strike. We dare not to sever, who knows what’s waiting for us the next time.” Hearing this, Aroma was rather raged and ashamed,. She was about to say something, but only to swallowed it back as she saw Precious Jade’s angry face. Aroma dauted Sunny Cloud Formation and said, “My sister, it has been our fault, just go outside and relax.” --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 09:26, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
晴雯听了他说“我们”两字，自然是他和宝玉了，不觉又添了醋意，冷笑几声道：“我倒不知道，你们是谁？别叫我替你们害臊了！便是你们鬼鬼祟祟干的那事，也瞒不过我去。那里就称起‘我们’来了！那明公正道，连个姑娘还没挣上去呢，也不过和我似的，那里就称上‘我们’了！”袭人羞得脸紫涨起来，想一想，原是自己把话说错了。宝玉一面说道：“你们气不忿，我明日偏抬举他。”袭人忙拉了宝玉的手道：“他一个糊涂人，你和他分证什么？况且你素日又是有担待的，比这大的，过去了多少，今日是怎么了？”<br />
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QingWen heard him say "we",she is aware that it naturally refers to Precious Jade and him and unconsciously felt jealous,sneering and saying:"I have no idea of who you are?don't make me feel ashamed of you.It makes no sense that you could hide those sneaky things from me.How dare you are to claim "we"the god is watching and you are no more than a humble servant with no status and on a par with me,hpw dare you are to proclaim "we"." Attacker felt bashful and blushed instantaneously.after a quick consideration she realized that she had sayed the wrong words.Precious Jade defended that:"You are unreasonbly jealous and outrageous,and I would continue to vibe with her and be partial to her."Attacker held his hand and sayed:"She is a woodenhead and there is no need to quarrel with her.You are a benevolent person with a lot of torlerance.what's wrong with you to fuss at such a trifle"--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 11:11, 28 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation heard she said "we", thought it must be Precious Jade and herselves, and unconsciously felt jealous. She sneered and said: "It seems that I don't know who you are. Don't make me feel ashamed of you. You could never hide those sneaky things from me. How dare you claim to be 'we'! By rights you are not the connecting-house-maid, but no more than a humble servant girl with no status on a par with me, yet you are professing you two as 'we'!" Aroma felt embarrassed and a blush rose to her cheeks. Thinking about it, she realized that she had sayed the wrong thing. Precious Jade defended, "You are unreasonbly jealous and outrageous, I'll rather raise her." Aroma held his hand and said, "He is such a woodenhead that there is no need to quarrel with him. You are sensible and tolerant all the time, and have already tolerated even worse. What's wrong with you to fuss at such a trifle?"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 08:47, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
晴雯冷笑道：“我原是糊涂人，那里配和我说话！我不过奴才罢咧。”袭人听说，道：“姑娘到底是和我拌嘴，是和二爷拌嘴呢？要是心里恼我，你只和我说，不犯着当着二爷吵；要是恼二爷，不该这么吵的万人知道。我才也不过为了事，进来劝开了，大家保重。姑娘倒寻上我的晦气！又不像是恼我，又不像是恼二爷，夹枪带棒，终久是个什么主意？我就不说，让你说去。”说着便往外走。宝玉向晴雯道：“你也不用生气，我也猜着你的心事了。我回太太去，你也大了，打发你出去，可好不好？”<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, "Such a fool I am who doesn't deserve speaking to, just a servant." Aroma replied, "I don't you're bickering with me or the Young Master. If you're angry with me, just tell me, and there's no need to stage a play in front of the Young Master. If you're annoyed with the Young Master, save the noisy fuss that reaches everyone. For settling the matter I come to mediate, doing everyone's good. Unexpectedly you target at me. It seems like it is neither the Young Master nor me who you're mad at. For all those bitter, biting wording, what on earth are you contemplating? I'm no longer saying anything. You can say whatever pleases you." She said while heading outside. Precious Jade said to Sunny Cloud Formation, "You don't need to be this inflamed. I know your thoughts and I will tell to the Lady this matter that you're old enough to be dismissed from the Mansion to for your benefit. All right?"--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 05:52, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Sunny Cloud Formation gave a cynical smile and said, "Such a fool I am who doesn't deserve speaking to, just a servant." Aroma replied, "I don't know whether you're bickering with me or the Young Master. If you're angry with me, just tell me, and there's no need to stage a play in front of the Young Master. If you're annoyed with the Young Master, save the noisy fuss that reaches everyone. For settling the matter I come to mediate, doing everyone's good. Unexpectedly you target at me. It seems like it is neither the Young Master nor me who you're mad at. For all those bitter, biting wording, what on earth are you contemplating? I'm no longer saying anything. You can say whatever pleases you." She said while heading outside. Precious Jade said to Sunny Cloud Formation, "You don't need to be this inflamed. I know your thoughts and I will tell to the Lady this matter that you're old enough to be dismissed from the Mansion for your benefit. All right?"--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
晴雯听了这话，不觉又伤起心来，含泪说道：“我为什么出去？要嫌我，变着法儿打发我去，也不能够的。”宝玉道：“我何曾经过这样吵闹？一定是你要出去了。不如回太太，打发你去罢。”说着，站起来就要走。袭人忙回身拦住，笑道：“往那里去？”宝玉道：“回太太去！”袭人笑道：“好没意思！认真的去回，你也不怕臊了他？便是他认真要去，也等把这气下去了，等无事中说话儿回了太太也不迟。这会子急急的当一件正经事去回，岂不叫太太犯疑？”<br />
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This allusion makes Sunny Cloud Formation unconsciously feel again hurt at heart. “Why should I leave?” she asks with tears, “Even if you so dislike me as to pack me off in various means, you won’t succeed.” “I’ve never seen such brawling!” Precious Jade exclaims. “You’re definitely bent on leaving! I might as well let lady know so as to send you off!” While saying, he stands up and is about to go at once. Aroma immediately turns round and stops him. “Where are you off to?” she smiles. “I’m going to tell my lady.” answers Precious Jade. “What do you mean?” Aroma smiles, “Aren’t you afraid of shaming her if you go and tell lady in earnest? Even if she truly means to leave, you can as well wait until you have calmed from that anger. It won’t be late for you to explain until later during talking, the whole case to our lady. But if you now go hastily and tell her as an urgent matter, will it not misgive our lady?”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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This allusion makes Sunny Cloud Formation unconsciously feel hurt and heartbroken again . “Why should I leave?” she asks with tears, “Even if you so dislike me as to pack me off in various means, you won’t succeed.” “I’ve never seen such brawling!” Precious Jade exclaims, “You’re definitely bent on leaving! I might as well let lady know so as to send you off!” While saying, he stands up and is about to go at once. Aroma immediately turns round and stops him. “Where are you off to?” she smiles. “I’m going to tell my lady.” answers Precious Jade. “What do you mean?” Aroma smiles, “Aren’t you afraid of shaming her if you go and tell lady in earnest? Even if she truly means to leave, you can as well wait until you have calmed from that anger. It won’t be late for you to reply until you calm down , the whole case to our lady. But if you now go hastily and tell her as an urgent matter, will not it misgive our lady?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 10:27, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
宝玉道：“太太必不犯疑，我只明说是他闹着要去的。”晴雯哭道：“我多早晚闹着要去了？饶生了气，还拿话压派我。只管去回，我一头碰死了，也不出这门儿。”宝玉道：“这又奇了。你又不去，你又闹些什么？我经不起这吵，不如去了，倒干净。”说着，一定要去回。袭人见拦不住，只得跪下了。碧痕、秋纹、麝月等众丫鬟见吵闹得利害，都鸦雀无闻的在外头听消息，这会子听见袭人跪下央求，便一齐进来，都跪下了。宝玉忙把袭人拉起来，叹了一声，在床上坐下，叫众人起去。<br />
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Precious Jade says,"The Mistress will trust me definitely for I am going to tell her it is Sunny Cloud Formation herself that cries for leave.” Sunny Cloud Formation is crying,"When did I cry for leave? Not only is you angry but also threaten me with such words. Ok, go and tell the Mistress! I would crash myself to death here rather than get out of this room." Precious Jade says," I am curious about it. If you aren't willing to leave, what are you making a noise for? Your noise is so bothering and intolerable for me that you'd better leave to make it peaceful and harmonious." It is obvious that he insists on telling the Mistress that Sunny Cloud Formation wants to leave. Failing to stop Precious Jade, Aroma goes down her kneels. The argument so heated, maidgirls including Turquoise Mark,Autumn Vein, Deer Month were waiting outside silently and paying close attention to them. Aware that Aroma is begging Precious Jade and kneeling down, they all enter the room and put their kneels down. Precious Jade pulls up Aroma in a hurry, sighing and sitting on the bed, and then asks everyone to get up and out of the room.—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 08:06, 29 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Precious Jade says,"The Mistress will trust me definitely for I am going to tell her it is Sunny Cloud Formation herself that cries for leave.” Sunny Cloud Formation is crying,"When did I cry for leave? Not only is you angry but also threaten me with such words. Ok, go and tell the Mistress! I would crash myself to death here rather than get out of this room." Precious Jade says," I am curious about it. If you aren't willing to leave, what are you making a noise for? Your noise is so bothering and intolerable for me that you'd better leave to make it peaceful and harmonious." It is obvious that he insists on telling the Mistress that Sunny Cloud Formation wants to leave. Failing to stop Precious Jade, Aroma goes down her kneels. The argument so heated, maidgirls including Turquoise Mark,Autumn Vein, Deer Month were waiting outside silently and paying close attention to them. Aware that Aroma is begging Precious Jade and kneeling down, they all enter the room and put their kneels down. Precious Jade pulls up Aroma in a hurry, sighing and sitting on the bed, and then asks everyone to get up and out of the room.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 13:57, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
向袭人道：“叫我怎么样才好！这个心使碎了，也没人知道。”说着，不觉滴下泪来。袭人见宝玉流下泪来，自己也就哭了。晴雯在旁哭着，方欲说话，只见黛玉进来，便出去了。林黛玉笑道：“大节下，怎么好好的哭起来？难道是为争粽子吃，争恼了不成？”宝玉和袭人“嗤”的一笑。林黛玉道：“二哥哥不告诉我，我不问你也就知道了。”一面说，一面拍着袭人的肩，笑道：“好嫂子，你告诉我，必定是你们两个拌了嘴。告诉妹妹，替你们和劝和劝。”<br />
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What would you have me do?" he asked, addressing himself to Aroma. "This heart of mine has been rent to pieces, and no one has any idea about it!" While speaking, tears of a sudden rolled down his cheek. At the sight of Precious Jade weeping, Aroma also melted into a fit of crying. Ch'ing Wen was standing by them, with watery eyes. She was on the point of reasoning with them, when espying Mascara Jade Forest step into the room, she speedily walked out." On a grand holiday like this," remonstrated Mascara Jade Forest smiling, "how is it that you're snivelling away, and all for nothing? Is it likely that high words have resulted all through that 'dumpling' contest?" Precious Jade and Mascara Jade Forest blurted out laughing. "You don't tell me, cousin," Mascara Jade Forest put in, "but I know all about it, even though I have asked no questions." Now she spoke, and now she patted Aroma on the shoulder. "My dear sister-in-law," she smiled, "just you tell me! It must surely be that you two have had a quarrel. Confide in me, your cousin, so that I might reconcile you."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 13:56, 30 April 2022 (UTC)<br />
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What would you have me do?" he asked, addressing himself to Aroma. "My heart has been cut to pieces, and no one has any idea about it!" While her speaking, tears of a sudden rolled down his cheek. At the sight of Precious Jade weeping, Aroma also melted into a fit of crying. Sunny Cloud Formation was standing by them, with watery eyes. She was on the point of reasoning with them, when espying Mascara Jade Forest stepped into the room, she speedily walked out." On a grand holiday like this," remonstrated Mascara Jade Forest smiling, "how is it that you're sniveling away, and all for nothing? Is it likely that high words have resulted all through that 'dumpling' contest?" Precious Jade and Mascara Jade Forest blurted out laughing. "You don't tell me, cousin," Mascara Jade Forest put in, "but I know all about it, even though I have asked no questions." Now she spoke, and now she patted Aroma on the shoulder. "My dear sister-in-law," she smiled, "just you tell me! It must surely be that you two have had a quarrel. Confide in me, your cousin, so that I might reconcile you."--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:55, 6 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kunhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=CULTURE2022_20220502_homework&diff=142071CULTURE2022 20220502 homework2022-05-08T11:35:44Z<p>Chen Kun: /* Chen Kun 陈锟 */</p>
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This homework page shows all translation homework during spring term 2022.<br />
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Please read the [[CULTURE2022_LIST_OF_HOMEWORKS|earlier chapters until 23]].<br />
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This is the new homework for spring semester starting from chapter 24:<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220221_homework|homework of session 1 for session 2 Feb 28]]<br />
*[[CULTURE2022_20220228_homework|homework of session 2 for session 3 Mar 7]]<br />
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==Chen Cheng 陈诚==<br />
袭人推他道：“姑娘，你闹什么？我们一个丫头，姑娘只是混说。”黛玉笑道：“你说你是丫头，我只拿你当嫂子待。”宝玉道：“你何苦来替他招骂名儿。饶这么着，还有人说闲话，还搁得住你来说这话！”袭人笑道：“林姑娘，你不知道我的心事，除非一口气不来，死了，倒也罢了。”林黛玉笑道：“你死了，别人不知怎么样，我先就哭死了。”宝玉笑道：“你死了，我做和尚去。”袭人道：“你老实些罢！何苦还说这些话。”<br />
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Aroma pushed her and said, "Girl, what are you making a scene? One of our maids, I just blabbed." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "You say you are just a maid, however, I only take you as sister-in-law." Precious Jade Merchant said: "Why do you have to come for her to incur the name. If it was true, there will be somebody making idle talk. At that time, there will be no room for you to speak like this." Aroma laughed: "Mascara Jade Forest, you do not know my heart. Unless a breath does not come, I will die and it doesn't mean anything." Mascara Jade Forest laughed: "If you die, I won't know how others react, but I will first cry to death." Precious Jade Merchant laughed: "If you die, I will be a monk." Aroma: "You honestly stop! Why do you still say such things?"--[[User:Chen Cheng|Chen Cheng]] ([[User talk:Chen Cheng|talk]]) 08:43, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Kun 陈锟==<br />
林黛玉将两个指头一伸，抿嘴笑道：“做了两个和尚了！我从今以后，都记着你做和尚的遭数儿。”宝玉听了，知道是他点前日的话，自己一笑，也就罢了。一时黛玉去了，就有人来说：“薛大爷请。”宝玉只得去了，原来是吃酒，不能推辞，只得尽席而散。晚间回来，已带了几分酒，踉跄来至自己院内，只见院中早把乘凉的枕榻设下，榻上有个人睡着。宝玉只当是袭人，一面在榻沿上坐下，一面推他，问道：“疼的好些了？”只见那人翻身起来，说：“何苦来，又招我！<br />
Mascara Jade Forest stretched her two fingers and said with a chuckle: "Two monks! I will remember your experience as a monk from now on." When Precious Jade heard this, she realized that it was he who had spoken the words of the day before. When Mascara Jade has gone, someone said, "Grandpa Marshgrass, please." Precious Jade had to go. She could not refuse because she was having wine. When he returned in the evening, he had brought some wine with him, and staggered to his own courtyard, where he found a couch set for cooling and a man asleep. Taking it as a threat, Precious Jade sat down on the couch and pushed him. "Is the pain better?" she asked. The man stood up and said, "Why bother to recruit me again?"<br />
<br />
==Chen Tianyu 陈天钰==<br />
宝玉一看，原来不是袭人，却是晴雯。宝玉将他一拉，拉在身旁坐下，笑道：“你的性子越发惯娇了，早起就是跌了扇子，我不过说了那么两句，你就说上那些话。你说我也罢了，袭人好意劝，你又刮拉上他。你自己想想，该不滚？”晴雯道：“怪热的，拉拉扯扯做什么！叫人来看见像什么！我这身子也不配坐在这里。”宝玉笑道：“你既知道不配，为什么睡着呢？”晴雯没的说，“嗤”的又笑了，说道：“你不来使得，你来了就不配了。起来，让我洗澡去。<br />
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Precious Jade took a look and discovered that it's not Aroma but Sunny Cloud Formation. Precious Jade smiled and pulled her to sit down next to him "You have become more and more spoiled. You dropped the fan this morning and I just put a few words on it. Then you said something rude.And it's okay if you blamed on me only. Aroma was just trying to help but you were also mad at her. You think about it---Is it right? Sunny Cloud Formation said" It's so hot! Don't pull and push me! It's not decent if people see us! And also,I'm not qualified to sit here." Precious Jade laughed and said" Then why you fell asleep here if you know you're not qualified?" Sunny Cloud Formation couldn't say anything but laughed out loud" I was qualified until you came here. Get up and let me take a shower."--[[User:Chen Tianyu|Chen Tianyu]] ([[User talk:Chen Tianyu|talk]]) 02:09, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Chen Xinyi 陈心怡==<br />
袭人麝月都洗了澡，我叫了他们来。”宝玉笑道：“我才又吃了好些酒，还得诜一洗。你既没有洗，拿了水来，咱们两个洗。”晴雯摇手笑道：“罢，罢！我不敢惹爷。还记得碧痕打发你洗澡，足有两三个时辰，也不知道做什么呢；我们也不好进去的。后来洗完了，进去瞧瞧，地下的水，掩着床腿，连席子上都汪着水，也不知是怎么洗了。笑了几天。我也没功夫收拾水，你也不用同我洗去。今日也凉快，那会子洗了，这会子可以不用，我倒舀一盆水来你洗洗脸，通通头。<br />
==Deng Lulu 邓鲁露==<br />
才鸳鸯送了好些果子来，都湃在那水晶缸里呢。叫他们打发你吃。”宝玉笑道：“既这么着，你也不许洗去，只洗洗手，拿果子来吃罢。”晴雯笑道：“我慌张的连扇子还跌折了，那里还配打发吃果子。倘或再打破盘子，还更了不得呢！”宝玉笑道：“你爱打就打。这些东西，原不过是借人所用，你爱这样，我爱那样，各自性情不同；比如那扇子，原是搧的，你要撕着玩。也可以使得，只是不可生气时拿他出气；就如杯盘，原是盛东西的，<br />
==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣==<br />
你喜欢听那一声响，就故意砸了，也可以使得，只别在生气时拿他出气。这就是爱物了。”晴雯听了，笑道：“既这么说，你就拿了扇子来我撕。我最喜欢听撕的。”宝玉听了，便笑着递与他。晴雯果然接过来，“嗤”的一声，撕了两半。接着又听“嗤”“嗤”几声。宝玉在旁笑着说：“撕得好！再撕响些。”正说着，只见麝月走过来，笑道：“少作些孽罢！”宝玉赶上来，一把将他手里的扇子也夺了递与晴雯。晴雯接了，也撕作几半子，二人都大笑。麝月道：“这是怎么说？拿我的东西开心儿。”<br />
==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞==<br />
宝玉笑道：“打开扇子匣子你拣了去，什么好东西！”麝月道：“既这么说，就把扇子搬出来，让他尽力撕岂不好？”宝玉笑道：“你就搬去。”麝月道：“我可不造这样孽！他没撕折了手，叫他自己搬去。”晴雯笑着，便倚在床上，说道：“我也乏了，明日再撕罢。”宝玉笑道：“古人云，‘千金难买一笑’，几把扇子，能值几何？”一面说着，一面叫袭人。袭人才换了衣服走出来，小丫头佳蕙过来拾去破扇，大家乘凉，不消细说。至次日午间、王夫人、薛宝钗、林黛玉众姐妹正在贾母房内坐着，<br />
==Han Jingru 韩静茹==<br />
就有人回：“史大姑娘来了。”一时，果见史湘云带领众多丫鬟媳妇走进院来。宝钗黛玉等忙迎至阶下相见。青年姊妹间，经月不见，一旦相逢，其亲密自不消说得。一时进入房中，请安同好，都见过了。贾母因说：“天热，把外头的衣服脱脱罢。”史湘云忙起身宽衣。王夫人因而笑道：“也没见穿上这些做什么？”史湘云笑道：“都是二婶娘叫穿的，谁愿意穿这些。”宝钗一旁笑道：“姨妈不知道：他穿衣裳，还更爱穿那别人的衣裳，<br />
<br />
Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile. ––[[User:Han Jingru|Han Jingru]] ([[User talk:Han Jingru|talk]]) 14:30, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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<br />
Someone said: " Lady History has come back." At that moment, followed by numerous maids and servants, Fragrant-cloud History went into the yard. Mascara Jade, Precious Hairpin and so on hurried walked down the steps to welcome Fragrant-cloud. Hadn't seen each other for several months, when these young sisters met, they were so close and happy. Then, they entered the room, greeted and curtsied to the elders. Grandma Merchant said:" It's hot. Take off your coat." Hearing that, Fragrant-cloud History stood up to strip her outwear. Lady King smiled and said:" There is no need to wear so much." Fragrant-cloud History answered with laughter:" Who is willing to wear these? It is my second aunt ask me to dress." "Aunt, you don't know that she likes dressing, especially dressing other people's clothes." Precious Hairpin said with a smile.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:42, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==He Minghui 何明慧==<br />
可记得旧年三四月里，他在这里住着，把宝兄弟的袍子穿上，靴子也穿上，额子也勒上，猛一瞧，倒像是宝兄弟，就是多两个坠子。他站在那椅子背后，哄的老太太只是叫：‘宝玉，你过来，仔细那上头挂的灯穗子招下灰来，迷了眼。’他只是笑，也不过去。后来大家忍不住笑了，老太太才笑了说：‘扮作男人好看了。’”林黛玉道：“这算什么！惟有前年正月里接了他来，住了没两日，下起雪来，老太太和舅母那日想是才拜了影回来，<br />
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During her visit here in March and April last year,she put on cousin Precious's gown and boots,as well as his chaplet. At a instant glance, she just looke like her cousin Precious--except for two extra earrrings.She stood behind the chair, making the old lady call her. "Precious Jade, come here. Don't let the dust from the lantero tassels over your head get in your eyes." She just smiled and didn't move. Then we all burst out laughing and the old lady laughed too. " You look even better dressed as a boy." "You don't know the half of it! " Mascara Jade Forest said. "The year before last she was fetched in the first month, and she'd only been here a couple of days when it started to snow.--[[User:He Minghui|He Minghui]] ([[User talk:He Minghui|talk]]) 14:34, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Lei Heng 雷珩==<br />
老太太的一个新新的大红猩猩毡斗篷放在那，谁知跟不见他就披了，又大又长，他就拿两个汗巾子拦腰系上，和丫头们在后院子扑雪人儿去，一跤栽倒沟跟前，弄了一身泥。”说着，大家想着前情，都笑了。宝钗笑问那周奶妈道：“周妈，你们姑娘还那么淘气不淘气了？”周奶妈也笑了。迎春笑道：“淘气也罢了，我就嫌他爱说话；也没见睡在那里还是咭咭呱呱，笑一阵，说一阵，也不知是那里来的那些谎话！”王夫人道：“只怕如今好了。前日有人家来相看，眼见有婆婆家了，还是那么着？”<br />
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“The old lady’s brand-new and scarlet cloak was there, which she put on without being noticed. It looked so large and long for her that she tied two handkerchieves about her waist. Then she went to build a snowman with maids in the back yard, falling over a ditch with dirt and mud on her whole body.”Hearing this and rethinking what happened just now, everyone burst into laughing. Precious Hairpin smiled to Nanny Zhou, “Nanny, are those girls still naughty or not?” Nanny Zhou was amused, too. Spring Pleasure Merchant laughed, “Naughty as they are, their constant talking is what harasses me most. Even though at the bed time they are always gossiping, taliking and laughing. I don’t figure out where they hear from those gossips.” Lady King said, “They are much better now. I heared there was someone coming to date the other day. Is one of them engaged or not?”--[[User:Lei Heng|Lei Heng]] ([[User talk:Lei Heng|talk]]) 03:37, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li LinYu 李琳玉==<br />
贾母因问：“今日还是住着，还是家去呢？”周奶妈笑道：“老太太没有看见，衣裳都带了来了，可不住两天。”湘云问道：“宝玉哥哥不在家么？”宝钗笑道：“他再不想着别人，只想宝兄弟，两个人好玩的，这可见还没改了淘气。”贾母道：“如今你们大了，别提小名儿了。”刚说着，只见宝玉来了，笑道：“云妹妹来了！怎么前日打发人接你去，不来？”王夫人道：“这里老太太才说这一个，他又来提名道姓的了。”林黛玉道：“你哥哥有好东西等着你呢。”<br />
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So Grandma Merchant asked, “Would you like to live here or go back home today?” Nanny Surrounding smiled, “You don’t see it that she has brought clothes with her. Apparently, she is going to live here for two days.” “Is Brother Precious Jade not at home?” asked Fragrant-cloud. Precious Hairpin smiled, “She doesn’t think of anyone else but Brother Precious. They two did play well and it suggests that she is still arbitrary.” “Nowadays you all grow up, so don’t talk about others’ nicknames.” As soon as Grandma Merchant was saying, Precious Jade came. He laughed, “Here comes Sister Cloud! Why did you refuse to come here when I sent someone to invite you the other day?” Lady King said, “Grandma was talking about not using nicknames just now and you happened to refer to one.” Mascara Jade Forest said, “There is something nice ahead of you that your brother prepared.”—[[User:Li Linyu|Li Linyu]] ([[User talk:Li Linyu|talk]]) 06:12, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Siwen 李思文==<br />
湘云道：“什么好东西？”宝玉笑道：“你信他！几日不见，越发高了。”湘云笑道：“袭人姐姐好？”宝玉道：“好，多谢你想着。”湘云道：“我给他带了好东西来了。”说着，拿出手帕子来，挽着一个扢搭。宝玉道：“什么好的？你倒不如把前日送来的那绛纹石的戒指儿带两个给他。”湘云笑道：“这是什么？”说着便打开，众人看时，果然是上次送来的那绛纹戒指，一包四个。林黛玉笑道：“你们瞧瞧他这个人，前日一般的打发人给我们送来，你就把他的也带了来，岂不省事？<br />
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Fragrant-cloud said,"What fun thing it is?" Precious Jade laughed,"Don't believe him! A few days no see, he became increasingly naughty." Fragrant-cloud laughed,"How is sister Aroma?" "She is fine. Thank you for your care about her," said Precious Jade. Fragrant-cloud. said,"I bring her something treasured." Then she took out her handkerchief, which wrapping a lump. Precious Jade said," What is the treasured thing? It's better to give her the rings made by red stones that you brought a few days ago." Fragrant-cloud smiled and asked,"So what is this?" Then she opened the handkerchief with laughter. It was the very ring that she brought last time. There were four in total. Mascara Jade laughed,"You see her! Why didn't you brought these to Aroma with that given us the day before yesterday. It saved trouble, wouldn't it?"--[[User:Li Siwen|Li Siwen]] ([[User talk:Li Siwen|talk]]) 08:27, 5 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Li Wanying 李婉莹==<br />
今日巴巴儿的自己带了来，我当又是什么新奇东西，原来还是他。真真的是个糊涂人。”史湘云笑道：“你才糊涂呢！我把这理说出来，大家评一评谁期涂。给你们送东西，就是使来的人不用说话，拿进来一看，自然就知是送姑娘们的了，要带了他们的这东西，须得我告诉来人，这是那一个丫头的，那是那一个丫头的。那使来的人明白还好，再糊涂些，丫头的名字也记不得，混闹胡说的，反连你们的东西都搅糊涂了。若是打发个女人来还罢了，偏前日又打发小子来，可怎么说丫头们的名字呢？<br />
==Liu Keyi 刘可仪==<br />
还是我来给他们带来，岂不清白！”说着，把四个戒指放下，说道：“袭人姐姐一个，鸳鸯姐姐一个，金钏儿姐姐一个，平儿姐姐一个；这倒是四个人的，难道小子们也记得这么清白？”众人听了，都笑道：“果然明白。”宝玉笑道：“还是这么会说话，不让人。”林黛玉听了，冷笑道：“他不会说话，就配带‘金麒麟’了。”一面说着，便起身走了。幸而诸人都不曾听见，只有薛宝钗抿嘴一笑。宝玉听见了，倒自己后悔又说错了话；忽见宝钗一笑，由不得也一笑。宝钗见宝玉笑了，忙起身走开，找了黛玉说笑去了。<br />
==Liu Qianyi 刘倩仪==<br />
贾母因向湘云道：“吃了茶，歇一歇，瞧瞧你嫂子们去。园里也凉快，同你姐姐们去逛逛。”湘云答应了，因将三个戒指包上，歇了一歇，便起身要瞧凤姐等去。众奶娘丫头跟着，到了凤姐那里，说笑了一回。出来，便往大观园来，见过了李宫裁，少坐片时，便往怡红院来找袭人。因回头说道：“你们不必跟着，只管瞧你们的朋友亲戚去。留下翠缕伏侍就是了。”众人听了，自去寻姑觅嫂，单剩下湘云翠缕两个。翠缕道：“这荷花怎么还不开？”史湘云道：“时候还没到呢。”<br />
==Liu Yixin 刘亦欣==<br />
翠缕道：“这也和咱们家池子里的一样，也是楼子花。”湘云道：“他们这个还不如咱们的。”翠缕道：“他们那边有棵石榴，接连四五枝，真是楼子上起楼子，这也难为他长。”史湘云道：“花草也是同人一样，气脉充足，长的就好。”翠缕把脸一扭，说道：“我不信这话！若说同人一样，我怎么不见头上又长出一个头来的人？”湘云听了，由不得一笑，说道：“我说你不用说话，你偏好说。这叫人怎么好答言？天地间都赋阴阳二气所生，或正或邪，或奇或怪，千变万化，都是阴阳顺逆；<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pool. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are the same as people. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "I said you don't have to talk. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Liu Yixin|Liu Yixin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yixin|talk]]) 03:13, 4 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Kingfisher said, "it's the same as the one in our pond. It's also a floor flower." Fragrant-cloud History said, "they are not as good as ours." Kingfisher said, "there is a pomegranate over there, four or five branches in succession. It's really difficult for it to grow up." Fragrant-cloud History said, "flowers are like human beings. They grow well if they have sufficient nutrition." Kingfisher twisted her face and said, "I don't believe that! If they are as same as people, why don't I see another person with a head growing on his head?" When Fragrant-cloud History heard this, she couldn't help laughing and said, "Just be quiet and not so loud. You prefer to talk. How can I answer this? Heaven and earth are endowed with Yin and Yang, either positive or evil, special or strange. They are changeable, and both yin and yang are positive and negative;--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:51, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ma Feifei 马菲菲==<br />
就是一生出来，人人罕见的，究竟道理还是一样。”翠缕道。“这么说起来，从古至今，开天辟地，都是些阴阳了？”湘云笑道：“糊涂东西，越说越放屁。什么‘都是些阴阳’！况且‘阴’‘阳’两个字，还只是一个字：阳尽了，就成阴，阴尽了，就成阳；不是阴尽了又有一个阳生出来，阳尽了又有个阴生出来。”翠缕道：“这糊涂死我了！什么是个阴阳，没影没形的？我只问姑娘：这阴阳是怎么个样儿？”湘云道：“这阴阳不过是个气罢了。器物赋了，才成形质。譬如天是阳，地就是阴；水是阴，火就是阳；日是阳，月就是阴。”<br />
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Whatever, everything comes from the two things.”Asked Kingfishe. “You mean everything comes into being forced by the two things since the creation?”Fragrant-cloud History anwered: “That is shit. what do they mean by “yin” and “yang”? Nevertheless, the two could be combined into one. When one runs out, it turns into the opposite one. The other follows the same way.Kingfishe asked: “What do you mean? I still could not get it. I just want to ask the girl: what are “yin” and “yang” like? ”Fragrant-cloud answered:"It is just about the two spirits. Spirits are the element of everything. “yin” is like the solar thing and “yang” is like the lunar thing. For instance, sky is about the solar thing, and earth is about the lunar thing. water is about the lunar thing, and fire is about the solar thing and sun is solar thing and moon is lunar thing."--[[User:Ma Feifei|Ma Feifei]] ([[User talk:Ma Feifei|talk]]) 12:44, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Ou Xinyu 欧欣榆==<br />
翠缕听了，笑道：“是了，是了！我今日可明白了。怪道人都管着日头叫‘太阳’呢，算命的管着月亮叫什么‘太阴星’，就是这个理了。“湘云笑道：“阿弥陀佛！刚刚明白了。”翠缕道：“这些东西有阴阳也罢了，难道那些蚊子、虼蚤、蠓虫儿、花儿、草儿、瓦片儿、砖头儿，也有阴阳不成？”湘云道：“怎么没有呢！比如那一个树叶儿，还分阴阳呢，那边向上朝阳的就是阳，这边背阴覆下的就是阴。”翠缕听了，点头笑道：“原来这样，我可明白了。只是咱们这手里的扇子，怎么是阳，怎么是阴呢？”<br />
==Wang Rou 汪柔==<br />
湘云道：“这边正面就为阳，那反面就为阴。”翠缕又点头笑了。还要拿几件东西要问，因想不起什么来，猛低头看见湘云官绦上的金麒麟，便提起来，笑道：“姑娘，这个难道也有阴阳？”湘云道：“走兽飞禽，雄为阳，雌为阴；牝为阴，牡为阳。怎么没有呢？”翠缕道：“这是公的，还是母的呢？”湘云啐道：“什么‘公’的‘母’的！又胡说了。”翠缕道：“这也罢了，怎么东西都有阴阳，咱们人倒没有阴阳呢？”湘云沉了脸说道：“下流东西，好生走罢！越问越说出好的来了！”翠缕道：“这有什么不告诉我的呢？我也知道了，不用难我。”<br />
==Wei Jingting 魏静婷==<br />
湘云“扑嗤”的笑道：“你知道什么？”翠缕道：“姑娘是阳，我就是阴。”湘云拿手帕子掩着嘴笑起来。翠缕道：“说的是了，就笑的这么样？”湘云道：“很是，很是！”翠缕道：“人家说主子为阳，奴才为阴，我连这个大道理也不懂得？”湘云笑道：“你很懂得。”正说着，只见蔷薇架下金晃晃的一件东西，湘云指着问道：“你看那是什么？”翠缕听了，忙赶去拾起来，看着笑道：“可分出阴阳来了！”说着，先拿史湘云的麒麟瞧。史湘云要他拣的瞧瞧，翠缕只管不放手，笑道：“是件宝贝，姑娘瞧不得！<br />
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Fragrant-cloud History burst out laughing and said:"What do you know?" Kingfisher said that:"If lady you are masculine, I will be feminine." Fragrant-cloud History laughed hiding her face with a handkerchief. Kingfisher said:"Somebody says that the master is masculine and the slaves are feminine. How should I do not know it?" Fragrant-cloud History laughed:"You did know." While saying, she saw an shining object under the framework of rose.Fragrant-cloud History asked:"Look, what is that?" Kingfisher heard that and hurried to pick it up. She looked at it and smiled:"Have you distinguished which is the masculine one and the feminine one?" Saying, she looked at Fragrant-cloud History.Fragrant-cloud History wanted to look hers.Kingfisher did not lose her grip smiling:"It is treasure."--[[User:Wei Jingting|Wei Jingting]] ([[User talk:Wei Jingting|talk]]) 09:44, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Xu Zhiyuan 徐致远==<br />
这是从那里来的？好奇怪！我只从来在这里没见人有这个。”湘云道：“拿来我瞧瞧。”翠缕将手一撒，笑道：“姑娘请看。”湘云举目一验，却是文彩辉煌的一个金麒麟，比自己佩的又大又有文彩。湘云伸手擎在掌上，只是默默不语，正自出神，忽见宝玉从那边来了，笑道：“你两个在这日头底下做什么呢？怎么不找袭人去呢？”史湘云连忙将那麒麟藏起，道：“正要去呢，咱们一处走。”说着，大家进人怡红院来。袭人正在阶下倚槛迎风，忽见湘云来了，连忙迎下来，携手笑说一向别情，一面进来归坐。<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen one of these around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Please let me have a look.” Kingfisher threw up his hands，smiled and said，“Look，girl.” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant literary talent，which was bigger and more literary than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand on her palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you two doing？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to，let’s go.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud came and greeted her. She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Xu Zhiyuan|Xu Zhiyuan]] ([[User talk:Xu Zhiyuan|talk]]) 11:46, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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“Where is this from？How strange! I've never seen others having this before around here.”Fragrant-cloud said，“Give it to me to have a look.” Kingfisher threw up one of her hands，smiled and said，“Plese enjoy it .” Fragrant-cloud glared at it and saw a golden unicorn with brilliant and gorgeous lustre，which was bigger and more magnificent than hers. Fragrant-cloud put one hand to take over it on the palm，silently，with her mind empty. Suddenly Merchant Jade came there，he smiled and said，“ What are you doing under the sun？Why don’t you go and play with Aroma？” Fragrant-cloud History quickly hid the unicorn and said，“We are going to.Then let’s go together.” At the same time，they entered the Happy Red Court. Aroma was leaning against the handrail to feel the wind at the foot of the steps. She saw Fragrant-cloud come and hastedly greeted her . She held Fragrant-cloud’s hand and went to the seat.--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:24, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yan Ni 燕妮==<br />
宝玉因问道：“你该早来，我得了一件好东西，专等你呢。”说着，一面在身上掏上半天，“嗳呀”了一声，便向袭人：“那个东西你收起来了么？”袭人道：“什么东西？”宝玉道：“前日得的麒麟。”袭人道：“你天天带在身上的，怎么问我？”宝玉听了，将手一拍，说道：“这可丢了！往那里找去？”就要起身自己寻去。史湘云听了，方知是他遗落的，便笑问道：“你几时又有个麒麟了？”宝玉道：“前日好容易得的呢！不知多早晚丢了，我也糊涂了。”史湘云笑道：“幸而是个玩的东西，还是这么慌张。”<br />
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Then Precious Jade said:"You should come earlier to see my great treasure which is specially for you." While saying,he was having a rummage through his body for a while,only followed by his scream "Oh".Then he turned to Amora:"Have you put it away ?"Amora said:"Which one do you mean?" Precious Jade said:"The ‘unicorn'I got few days ago." Amora said:" You take it along every day.Now why do you ask me?"Hearing that ,Precious Jade claped his hand and said:" How can I find it if it is lost?" At the same time,he was planning to search for it himself.Fragrant-cloud heard it and realized that gadget was just lost by him,so she asked with a smile:"When did you get a unicorn again?" Precious Jade said:"It consumed me much energy to get it.But now I was so perplexed to make it missing." Fragrant-cloud was still smiled and contiued:"Luckily it was a plaything.But you have become so nervous."--[[User:Yan Ni|Yan Ni]] ([[User talk:Yan Ni|talk]]) 07:08, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yang Lei 杨磊==<br />
说着，将手一撒，笑道：“你瞧瞧，是这个不是？”宝玉一见，由不得欢喜非常。要知欢喜的事，下回分解。◎第三十二回诉肺腑心迷活宝玉含耻辱情烈死金钏话说宝玉见那麒麟，心中甚是欢喜，便伸手来拿，笑道：“亏你拣着了！你是何时拾的？”史湘云笑道：“幸而是这个，明日倘或把印也丢了，难道也就罢了不成？”宝玉笑道：“倒是丢了印平常，若丢了这个，我就该死了。”袭人斟了茶来与史湘云吃，一面笑道：“大姑娘，我听前日你大喜呀。”史湘云红了脸吃茶，一声也不答应。<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter. ◎ in Chapter 32, when the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "fortunately, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering.--[[User:Yang Lei|Yang Lei]] ([[User talk:Yang Lei|talk]]) 13:40, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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She opened her hand and said with a smile, "look, is it this?" Precious Jade was overjoyed at the sight. If you want to know why he was so happy, see it in the next chapter (Chapter 32). When the amorous Precious Jade complained to his heart, he was confused and lost his mind. Golden Bracelet had a strong temperament and died in shame. When Precious Jade saw the Kirin, he was very happy. He reached out for it and said with a smile, "fortunately, you found it! When did you pick it up?" Fragrant-cloud History said with a smile, "luckily, it's what you want. If you lose your seal in the future, won't you care?" Precious Jade said with a smile, "it's no big deal to lose the seal. If I lose this, I'll die." Aroma poured tea and drank with Fragrant-cloud History. He smiled and said, "good girl, I heard that you had a big wedding the day before yesterday." Fragrant-cloud History blushed and drank tea without answering. --[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:45, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==You Xinning 由馨凝==<br />
袭人笑道：“这会子又害臊了？你还记得十年前，咱们在西边暖阁上住着，晚上你同我说的话儿？那会子不害臊，这会子怎么又臊了？”史相云笑道：“你还说呢！那会子咱们那么好，后来我们太太没了，我家去住了一程子，怎么就把你派了跟二哥哥；我来了，你就不象先待我了。”袭人笑道：“你还说呢！先‘姐姐’长，‘姐姐’短哄着我替你梳头洗脸，做这个，弄那个；如今大了，就拿出小姐的款儿来。你既拿小姐的款，我怎么敢亲近呢？”史湘云道：“阿弥陀佛，冤枉冤哉！我要这样，就立刻死了。<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrass now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust for you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.”--[[User:You Xinning|You Xinning]] ([[User talk:You Xinning|talk]]) 07:28, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Aroma smiled and said, “now you feel shameful? Do you remember the talks between us ten years ago while we were living in the warm chamber in the south? You didn’t feel shameful at that time, why do you feel embarrassed now?” Fragrant-cloud History laughed, “You are just saying it! We were such good friends at that time, why would you be sent to serve my brother after my living at home since our madame died?” Aroma grinned, “Now you are saying that! You coaxed me ‘sister’ to wash your face and your hair, doing this and that; now you have grown up and put on airs, how dare I get close to you ?” Fragrant-cloud History said, “Amitabha, it’s unjust of you to say that! If I had behaved in that way, I should die now.--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:54, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Jinbo 喻锦博==<br />
你瞧瞧，这么大热天，我来了，必定赶来先瞧瞧你。你不信，你问缕儿，我在家时时刻刻，那一回不念你几声。”话犹未了，袭人和宝玉都劝道：“说玩话儿，你又认真了。还是这么性急。”史湘云道：“你不说你的话咽人，倒说人性急。”一面说，一而打开手帕子，将戒指递与袭人。袭人感谢不尽，因笑道：“你前日送你姐姐们的，我已得了；今日你亲自又送来，可见是没忘了我。只这个就试出你来了。戒指儿能值多少，可见你的心真。”史湘云道：“是谁给你的？”袭人道：“是宝姑娘给我的。”<br />
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looky there,In such a hot day,I have come here and I will never pass up a good chance to meet you.If you do not believe me ,you could ask Lver.I miss you every moment at home."at the words,Attackers and precious jade advised that:"We are joking,but you take it seriously again.Your impatience remains the same."XiangYun Shi said:".You mention my impatience but ignore your annoyinng words".while saying ,she unfold the handkerchief and pass the ring to Attackers.Attackers is extremely grateful and says with smiles:"I am aware of that you have sent many nice things to sisters.Your sending it to me in person implies that you have me in your heart.The ring is not worth a pin but Your sincerity is well tested and brought out through the case"XiangYun Shi asked:"who gave this to you?"Attackers replied:"Precious gave me this."--[[User:Yu Jinbo|Yu Jinbo]] ([[User talk:Yu Jinbo|talk]]) 10:50, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yu Ziqi 禹紫琪==<br />
湘云叹道：“我只当林姐姐送你的，原来是宝姐姐给了你。我天天在家里想着，这些姐姐们，再没一个比宝姐姐好的。可惜我们不是一个娘养的，我但凡有这么个亲姐姐，就是没了父母，也没妨碍的。”说着，眼圈儿就红了。宝玉道：“罢，罢，罢！不用提起这个话了。”史湘云道：“提这个便怎么？我知道你的心病：恐怕你的林妹妹听见，又嗔我赞了宝姐姐了。可是为这个不是？”袭人在旁“嗤”的一笑，说道：“云姑娘，你如今大了，越发心直嘴快了。”宝玉笑道：我说你们这几个人难说话，果然不错。”<br />
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Fragrant-cloud sighed, "It was Sister Precious. I thought it was Sister Forest who gave you this. All these sisters are no better than her. Unfortunately we have not the same parents. Had I had a elder sister like her, loss of parents would have mattered little." The rims of her eyes went red. Precious Jade said, "Enough, enough, enough. No need to mention this." Fragrant-cloud said, "What if I had mentioned it? I know what you're thinking about--if your Sister Forest heard this, she would be unhappy that I spoke highly of Sister Precious. Aren't you concerning this?" Aroma chuckled and said, "Miss Cloud, now you're growing older and more straightforward." Precious Jade replied, smiling, "I was never wrong saying that it difficult to talk with you girls."--[[User:Yu Ziqi|Yu Ziqi]] ([[User talk:Yu Ziqi|talk]]) 16:26, 7 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Yuan Ling 袁灵==<br />
史湘云道：“好哥哥，你不必说话叫我恶心；只会在我跟前说话，见了你林妹妹，又不知怎么好了。”袭人道：“且别说玩话，正有一件事要求你呢。”史湘云便问：“什么事？”袭人道：“有一双鞋，抠了垫心子，我这两日身上不好，不得做，你可有工夫替我做做？”史湘云道：“这又奇了。你家放着这些巧人不算，还有什么针线上的，裁剪上的，怎么叫我做起来？你的活计叫人做，谁好意思不做呢？”袭人笑道：“你又糊涂了！你难道不知道：我们这屋里的针线，是不要那些针线上的人做的。”<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t you say that! You’ll provoke me to displeasure. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would once more not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma. “I have a favor to plead with you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to work at them. If you have any leisure to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “Putting aside all the skillful girls serving in your household, you have besides some people for doing needlework and others for tailoring and cutting; and how is it you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask anyone to do your work, who could very well refuse to do it?” “Here you are in another stupid mood!” laughs Aroma. “Can it be that you don’t know that our sewing in these rooms mayn’t be done by those needleworkers.”--[[User:Yuan Ling|Yuan Ling]] ([[User talk:Yuan Ling|talk]])<br />
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“My dear cousin,” says Fragrant-cloud History, “don’t say that! You’ll provoke my disgust. When you are with me, you’ll do all these talks; but were you to catch a glimpse of your sister Forest, you would not know what best to do!” “Now, enough of your jokes!” says Aroma, “I have a favor to plead you.” “What is it?” inquires Fragrant-cloud History. “There’s a pair of shoes,” answers Aroma, “for which I’ve stuck the vamp together; but I’m not feeling good these days, so I haven’t been able to finish them. Maybe you have any leisure time to finish them for me?” “This is indeed strange!” exclaims Fragrant-cloud History, “ why do you put aside all the ingenious girls serving in your household and people for doing needlework and for tailoring and cutting; and why do you appeal to me for it? Were you to ask those people to do your work, who would refuse?” “Here you are in a stupid mood again!” laughs Aroma. “Don’t you know that the sewing in our rooms can’t be done by those needleworkers?”—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 09:26, 6 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zhou Sirui 周思睿==<br />
史湘云听了，便知是宝玉的鞋，因笑道：“既这么说，我就替你做做罢。只是一件，你的我才做，别人的我可不能。”袭人笑道：“又来了！我是个什么儿，就敢烦你做鞋了。实告诉你：可不是我的，你别管是谁的，横竖我领情就是了。”史湘云道：“论理，你的东西也不知烦我做了多少。今日我倒不做的原故，你必定也知道。”袭人道：“我倒也不知道。”史湘云冷笑道：“前日我听见把我做的扇套儿拿着和人家比，赌气又铰了。我早就听见了，你还瞒我？这会子又叫我做，我成了你们奴才了。”<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."—[[User:Zhou Sirui|Zhou Sirui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Sirui|talk]]) 14:22, 3 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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Hearing it,Fragrant-cloud History becomes aware that the shoes she mentioned belong to Precious Jade,so she says with smile," Now that you give me such a reason, I will do it for you. But there is still one thing to say that I will only sew your shoes and I am not likely to do it for others." Aroma replies," Here you say something so ridiculous again! As nobody, how dare I bother you to sew shoes for me? To be honest: the shoes are not mine,but it's also unnecessary for you to figure out whom the shoes belong to. Anyway I will appreciate your kindness and remember your devotion for me. Fragrant-cloud History says," Normally, I have done a great deal of needlework for you,so I believe you know the exact reason why I refuse to do today." Aroma replies," Actually, I am not clear." Fragrant-cloud History responds with a sneer," Days ago, I heard that you competed the fan sheath I made with other's and then you ruined it with scissors out of indignation. I've heard about it. How can you still hide it from me? And that you ask me to do the needlework again now makes me like your maid."-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:20, 8 May 2022 (UTC)<br />
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==Zou Xiangrui 邹享睿==<br />
宝玉忙笑道：“前日的那事本不知是你做的。”袭人也笑道：“他本不知是你做的，是我哄他的话，说是新近外头有个会做活的，扎的绝出奇的好花儿，我叫他们拿了一个扇套儿试试看好不好，他就信了，拿出去给这个瞧、那个看的。不知怎么又惹恼了那一位，铰了两段。回来他还叫赶着做去，我才说了是你做的，他后悔的什么似的。”史湘云道：“这越发奇了。林姑娘也犯不上生气，他既会剪，就叫他做。”袭人道：“他可不做呢。饶这么着，老太太还怕他劳碌着了。<br />
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"As to what occurred the other day," hastily explained Precious Jade smiling, "I positively had no idea that that thing was your handiwork." "He never knew that you'd done it," Aroma also laughed. "I deceived him by telling him that there had been of late some capital hands at needlework outside, who could execute any embroidery with surpassing beauty, and that I had asked them to bring a fan-case so as to try them and to see whether they could actually work well or not. He at once believed what I said. But as he produced the case and gave it to this one and that one to look at, he somehow or other, I don't know how, managed again to put some one's back up, and she cut it into two. On his return, however, he bade me hurry the men to make another; and when at length I explained to him that it had been worked by you, he felt, I can't tell you, what keen regret!" "This is getting stranger and stranger!" said Fragrant-cloud History . "It wasn't worth the while for Miss Lin to lose her temper about it. But as she plies the scissors so admirably, why, you might as well tell her to finish the shoes for you." "She couldn't," replied Aroma, "for besides other things our venerable lady is still in fear and trembling lest she should tire herself in any way.-[[User:Zou Xiangrui|Zou Xiangrui]] ([[User talk:Zou Xiangrui|talk]]) 03:19, 8 May 2022 (UTC)</div>Chen Kun