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User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:48:13Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.

Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi.jpg]]

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).

Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

[[File:Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base.jpg]]

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi2.jpg]]

Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

[[File:Coffee Latte Art.jpg]]

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。

图1 茶百戏

[[File:cha bai xi.jpg]]

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

[[File:Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base2.jpg]]

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图3 茶百戏

[[File:cha bai xi2.jpg]]

图4 咖啡拉花

[[File:Coffee Latte Art2.jpg]]

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献

[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:46:51Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.

Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi.jpg]]

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).

Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

[[File:Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base.jpg]]

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi2.jpg]]

Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

[[File:Coffee Latte Art.jpg]]

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。

图1 茶百戏

[[File:cha bai xi.jpg]]

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

[[File:Example2.jpg]]

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图3 茶百戏

[[File:Example3.jpg]]

图4 咖啡拉花

[[File:Example4.jpg]]

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献

[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

File:Coffee Latte Art.jpg

2025-01-03T08:44:51Z

Fu Xinke:

File:Cha Bai Xi2.jpg

2025-01-03T08:44:37Z

Fu Xinke:

File:Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base.jpg

2025-01-03T08:44:21Z

Fu Xinke:

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:44:07Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.

Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi.jpg]]

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).

Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

[[File:Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base.jpg]]

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi2.jpg]]

Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

[[File:Coffee Latte Art.jpg]]

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献

[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

File:Cha Bai Xi.jpg

2025-01-03T08:42:56Z

Fu Xinke:

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:41:22Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.

Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Cha Bai Xi.jpg]]

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).

Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

[[File:Example.jpg]]

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Example.jpg]]

Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

[[File:Example.jpg]]

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献

[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:38:35Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.

Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Example.jpg]]

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).

Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

[[File:Example.jpg]]

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi

[[File:Example.jpg]]

Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

[[File:Example.jpg]]

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献

[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

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User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:28:05Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).
Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?

A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?

A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?

A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?

A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?

A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献
[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:26:56Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).
Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?
A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?
A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?
A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?
A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?
A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏

傅馨可

摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。

关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义

茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史

茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤

茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。

茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同

能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。

而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护

点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。

宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献
[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).

[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.

[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.

[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.

[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.

[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.

[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

点茶 Dian Cha

咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art

茶筅 tea whisk

茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension

团饼茶 compressed tea

碾茶 tea grinding

茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案

1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？

答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？

答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？

答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？

答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？

答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

AI Statement: 本人承诺本论文未使用AI

User:Fu Xinke

2025-01-03T08:24:12Z

Fu Xinke: /* Dec 31, 2024 */

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art

Finger

Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.

Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi

Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi

The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).

The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).
Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art

The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.

When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi

Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.

As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References

Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).

Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).

Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5

Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.

Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.

Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.

Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.

Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions

茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?
A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?
A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?
A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?
A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?
A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏
傅馨可
摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。
关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义
茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史
茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤
茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。
茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同
能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。
而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护
点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。
宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献
[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).
[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.
[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5
[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.
[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.
[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.
[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.
[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达
茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案
1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？
答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？
答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？
答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？
答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？
答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

User:Fu Xinke

2024-12-31T02:32:10Z

Fu Xinke:

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art
Finger
Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.
Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi
Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi
Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi
The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).
The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).
Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art
The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.
When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi
Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.
As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References
Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).
Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).
Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5
Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.
Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.
Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.
Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions
茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?
A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?
A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?
A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?
A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?
A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏
傅馨可
摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。
关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义
茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史
茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤
茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。
茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同
能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。
而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护
点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。
宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献
[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).
[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.
[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5
[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.
[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.
[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.
[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.
[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达
茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案
1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？
答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？
答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？
答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？
答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？
答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

User:Fu Xinke

2024-12-31T02:31:15Z

Fu Xinke:

My name is Fu Xinke, and I am currently a student at the School of Foreign Languages, Hunan Normal University, pursuing a degree in English Translation and Interpreting. I have always held a fervent passion for translation. Throughout my graduate studies, I have dedicated myself wholeheartedly to the study and practice of translation. Through rigorous theoretical coursework and abundant practical opportunities, I have not only established a solid foundation in English language proficiency but also gained a deep understanding of the essence and techniques of translation.Moreover, I am an avid reader of literary works, with a particular fondness for classic masterpieces, notably China's Four Great Classical Novels. These books have not only enriched my cultural awareness but also broadened my horizons in translation. As I delve into their narratives, I am profoundly struck by the linguistic charm and the profound thoughts embedded within them, which stem from diverse cultural backgrounds.

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Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art
Finger
Abstract: From the perspective of the artistic characteristics and history of Cha Bai Xi, this paper delves into the definition, origin, production techniques, scientific principles, and distinctions between this ancient folk art and coffee latte art. Furthermore, it analyzes the inheritance value and preservation strategies of Cha Bai Xi. The paper elaborates on the production steps and principles of Cha Bai Xi, compares it with coffee latte art, and emphasizes its role in enriching tea culture and meeting the diversified needs of modern society. This paper puts forward suggestions for closely integrating Cha Bai Xi with social demands in the new era and utilizing modern design concepts to promote its inheritance and development.
Keywords: Cha Bai Xi; Dian Cha; Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance

The Definition of Cha Bai Xi
Cha Bai Xi, also known as Fen Cha, water ink painting, tea play, is a folk art form that creates images through patterns in tea. It also belongs to the culture of Dian Cha, characterized by displaying images in tea solely using tea and water, without any other raw materials (Yang Jiangfan 2018, 340). The skill of Cha Bai Xi is based on Dian Cha, utilizing water to paint. The formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the foam produced during the dian cha process. The patterns in Cha Bai Xi mostly depict landscapes, clouds, or flowers, birds, fish, and insects. For specific examples, please refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 Cha Bai Xi

The Origins and History of Cha Bai Xi
Cha Bai Xi first emerged during the Tang Dynasty and gained popularity in the northern Fujian during the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Cha Bai Xi was ranked alongside the qin, chess, and calligraphy as a cultural activity favored and esteemed by scholars and officials. The popularity of Cha Bai Xi in the Song Dynasty was due to the advocacy of the imperial court, as well as the promotion by a large number of literati such as Yang Wanli, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, and Su Shi (Zhang Zhifeng 2013, 59). After Yuan Dynasty, the dian cha method was gradually replaced by the tea-infusion method, and tea division (a form of tea art involving the creation of patterns in tea foam) fell out of fashion. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dian cha method and tea division continued to be practiced in northern Fujian. However, dian cha method was largely lost in later modern times. Through continuous research and exploration, this ancient skill was restored in 2009. The inheritors were able to restore it based on extensive scientific practice. According to records in ancient books, Cha Bai Xi involves using a teapot to pour water or a teaspoon to add water, forming patterns in the tea foam. The inheritors consulted thousands of records about Cha Bai Xi from ancient books, conducted hundreds of experiments using tea paste as raw material, and after numerous failures, finally achieved the creation of patterns in the tea with water.(Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 39).

Steps of Cha Bai Xi
The raw materials used in Cha Bai Xi are mostly compressed teas of oolong, black, white, yellow, and dark tea varieties. Processing these compressed teas into tea powder suitable for dian cha involves several steps: tea roasting (soaking the compressed tea in a clean container with boiling water, scraping off one or two softened layers of the oil paste on the surface after it softens, and then clamping the tea with tea tongs to dry it over a low flame), tea grinding (crushing the tea with a tea pestle, and then grinding it finer with a tea mill), and tea sieving (screening the ground tea powder). The required equipment for this art form includes a tea stove, tea pestle, tea mill, tea sieve, tea bottle and cup, tea whisk, tea basket, and tea spoon (Baidu Baike: Cha Bai Xi).
The show steps of Cha Bai Xi mainly consist of four parts: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking tea, and drawing in tea with water. The first step is to roast compressed tea to enhance its aroma and dry it, making it easier to crush and grind into fine powder, which is then sieved into a very fine texture. The second step involves placing the tea powder into a warm tea cup and adding boiled water to mix it. The third step is to add water again to the tea paste and whisk it with a tea whisk in a circular motion to create a layer of foam that covers the surface of the tea and can remain for some time. Finally, the fourth step is to use a tea spoon to drop water onto the foam of the tea, causing white marks to appear on the dark foam surface of the tea (Wang Liuding 2024, 164).
Figure 2: Cha Bai Xi with Oolong Tea as the Tea Base

The Principle of Cha Bai Xi and Its Difference from Coffee Latte Art
The principle of Cha Bai Xi is rooted in the fact that the froth on the tea surface constitutes a suspension, comprising solid tea powder particles, water, and air bubbles. This suspension serves as the medium for generating patterns. When water is added to the dark-colored tea suspension, the gas particles within it become diluted, turning lighter and whiter, while the unwatered portions remain dark. This creates a noticeable color contrast, leading to the emergence of patterns (Zhang Zhifeng 2024, 58). According to this principle, to practice Cha Bai Xi, one must first create a tea suspension by whisking the tea surface with a tea whisk. The key to forming this suspension lies in the method and intensity of the whisking.
When mentioning Cha Bai Xi, most people might think of coffee latte art. However, the production principles of the two are entirely different. Coffee latte art often requires the coordination of coffee, milk, and water; none is dispensable. In contrast, Cha Bai Xi can depict words and patterns solely with tea and water, due to their distinct foaming methods. The foam in coffee originates from the casein and whey protein in milk (Canning K 2019, 120). When milk is stirred at high speed under high temperature, the whey protein envelops more air, forming individual small bubbles. The fat on the coffee surface generates sufficient surface tension to support the bubble-rich milk froth. Baristas manipulate the direction and speed of the milk froth through latte art techniques, thereby creating various patterns (Zhou Wenting 2022, 27).
Although both Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art involve drawing on beverages, their principles differ. Moreover, the patterns in Cha Bai Xi are mostly inspired by ancient Chinese landscape paintings, with a history predating coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical graphics.

Figure 3 Cha Bai Xi Figure 4 Coffee Latte Art

Inheritance and Protection of Cha Bai Xi
Dian Cha is one of the three major tea-drinking methods in Chinese history, and Cha Bai Xi, belonging to the Dian Cha culture, stands as a prominent representative of Chinese tea (Shigui Z 2015, 411). The restoration and reappearance of Cha Bai Xi have enriched the contemporary tea culture’s connotations and hold significant value for researching Dian Cha culture. Cha Bai Xi’s unique method of expressing calligraphy and painting through liquid gives works dynamic and ever-changing characteristics, evolving the medium for Chinese calligraphy and painting from a single solid material to liquid material, which offers strong artistic appreciation. Cha Bai Xi is a tea-drinking activity that combines appreciation, tasting, and health benefits, catering to contemporary society’s demand for diverse entertainment products and holding great significance in enhancing the status and influence of Wuyi tea culture.
As one of the precious and important skills within the intangible cultural heritage, the Cha Bai Xi of the Song Dynasty embodies the aesthetic characteristics of freehand brushwork and elegance, as well as the rich and profound historical culture and abundant and stable living conditions of that era. In the context of the new era, for intangible cultural heritage such as Cha Bai Xi to possess resilient vitality, it can be closely integrated with social needs, utilizing disciplines such as visual communication design to inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and excavate cultural connotations, enabling the culture of the Song Dynasty’s Cha Bai Xi to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

References
Canning, K. (2019). RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table. Dairy Foods, 120(11).
Shi, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Inheritance and development of handicrafts in agricultural heritages: Taking Chabaixi as an example. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition).
Cha Bai Xi 茶百戏. (n.d.). Baidu Baike. Retrieved from https:// baike. baidu. com/ item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5
Wang, L 王柳丁. (2024). Elegance of the Song Dynasty: Ink paintings on tea [宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青]. Oriental Collections 东方收藏, (04), 163-165.
Yang, J 杨江帆. (2018). Wuyi Tea Encyclopedia 武夷茶大典. Fujian People’s Publishing House.
Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y 章志峰&章业成. (2024). The ever-changing art of Chabaixi on tea [变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏]. Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, (06), 58-59.
Zhang, Z 章志峰. (2013). Chabaixi: The revival of a millennium-old tea art茶百戏复活的千年茶艺. Fujian Education Publishing House.
Zhou, W. (2022). Chabaixi: Tea transforms into unique paintings [茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画]. Scientific Enlightenment科学启蒙, (11), 26-27.

Terms and expressions
茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

Questions and Answers
Q1: What is the foundation of the Cha Bai Xi ?
A1: The art of Cha Bai Xi is based on dian cha. It involves painting with water, and the formation of patterns in the tea is closely related to the froth formed in dian cha.

Q2: How many steps are there in demonstrating Cha Bai Xi, and what are they?
A2: There are four steps: grinding tea powder, preparing tea paste, whisking the tea, and painting with water.

Q3: What are the differences between Cha Bai Xi and coffee latte art?
A3: The principles behind the two are different. The patterns of Cha Bai Xi are mostly ancient Chinese landscape paintings, and its history predates coffee latte art by a century. In contrast, latte art patterns are mostly symmetrical shapes.

Q4: During which period was Cha Bai Xi more popular?
A4: The Song Dynasty.

Q5: How can we better inherit the traditional non-material cultural heritage of Cha Bai Xi?
A5: We can tightly integrate it with social needs, apply disciplines such as visual communication design, inject vitality, explore expression forms, innovate presentation carriers, and explore cultural connotations, allowing the culture of Cha Bai Xi from the Song Dynasty to develop through inheritance and innovate through development.

AI statement
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

茶百戏
傅馨可
摘要：本文从茶百戏的艺术特性与历史沿革的角度出发，深入探讨了这一古老民间艺术的定义、起源、制作工艺、科学原理及其与咖啡拉花的区别，并进一步分析了茶百戏在当代的传承价值与保护策略。文章详细阐述了茶百戏的制作步骤与原理，对比了其与咖啡拉花的差异，并强调了茶百戏在丰富当代茶文化及满足现代社会多元化需求方面的重要作用。同时，本文也提出了在新时代背景下，将茶百戏与社会需求紧密结合，运用现代设计理念促进其传承与发展的建议。
关键词：茶百戏；点茶；非遗传承

茶百戏定义
茶百戏，又称分茶、水丹青、汤戏、茶戏等等，是一种能使茶汤纹脉形成物象的民间艺术，也属于点茶文化的一种，其特点是仅用茶和水，而不用其他的原料能在茶汤中显现出文字和图像（杨江帆，2018）。茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。茶百戏的图案大多是山水云雾，或花鸟鱼虫，具体可见图1。
图1 茶百戏

起源与历史
茶百戏始见于唐，宋代时在闽北茶区较为流行。在宋代，人们把茶百戏与琴、棋、书并列，是士大夫喜爱与崇尚的一种文化活动，宋代茶百戏的流行得益于朝廷的推崇，还有杨万里、陆游、欧阳修、苏轼等大批文人的推广和传播（章志峰，2013）。元代后，由于点茶法逐渐被泡茶法取代，分茶不再盛行。明清时期，闽北一带仍有点茶、分茶流传。近代后点茶法基本失传。经过不断地研究探索，2009年发掘并恢复了这一古老技艺。传承人是依靠大量科学实践才得以将其恢复。根据古籍中的记载可知，茶百戏是采用汤瓶注水或茶匙加水，使茶汤沫饽形成图案的技艺。传承人从古籍中查阅了几千条有关茶百戏的记载，以研膏茶为原料进行了上百次实验，历经无数次失败后，终于实现了清水在茶汤中幻变图案，并对古人清水作画的原理进行了现代科学角度的分析（章志峰，2024）。

茶百戏步骤
茶百戏所用的原料多为乌龙茶、红茶、白茶、黄茶、黑茶类的团饼茶，由团饼茶加工成可以用于点茶的茶粉，需要经过炙茶(将饼茶在洁净容器中用沸力浸渍，待涂在饼茶表面膏油变软时，刮去一两层，再用茶铃夹住饼茶在微火上炙干)、碾茶(先将饼茶用茶臼等接碎后再用茶碾和茶磨碾细)、罗茶(将碾磨后的茶粉过筛)等工序。游艺器具则需要茶炉、茶臼、茶碾、茶筛、茶瓶茶盏(盘)、茶筅、茶箩、茶勺、水孟等（百度百科：茶百戏）。
茶百戏的演示步骤主要有四部分研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。首先第一步，烘烤茶饼，从而达到提香、干燥茶饼的目的，方便将茶饼捣碎并碾磨成细粉，碾碎后筛成细细的茶粉。第二步则是取碾细的茶粉放至温烫的茶盏中，向茶粉注入煮好的热水，调成茶膏。第三步是向茶膏中再次注水，用茶筅回旋搅拌，让茶汤表面形成一层覆满盏面的、能够保存一段时间的泡沫。最后，第四步则是用茶匙向茶汤泡沫中点入清水，茶汤表面的深色泡沫便会出现白色痕迹。以清水为墨，以茶匙为笔，以茶汤沫为纸，由此作画（王柳丁，2024）。

图2 以乌龙茶为茶汤底的茶百戏

茶百戏原理以及与咖啡拉花的不同
能用清水在茶汤上作画的原理其实是，茶汤表面的沫饽是一种悬浮液，由固体茶粉微粒、水和气泡构成，这是产生图案的介质。当清水加入深色茶汤悬浮液，其中的气体微粒便会因稀释而变浅变白，而未加水部分仍为深色，两者间形成明显色差，从而出现图案（章志峰，2024）。那么根据其原理，若想做茶百戏，那么首先要形成茶汤悬浮液，茶汤悬浮液则是用茶筅在茶汤表面搅打茶汤形成的，其中形成关键就是在于搅动的方法和力度。
而说起茶百戏，大部分人可能会想到咖啡拉花，其实两者之间的制作原理完全不一样。咖啡拉花往往需要咖啡、牛奶和水的“配合”，缺一不可。相比之下，茶百戏仅用茶和水就能演绎出文字和图案，这是因为两者的起泡方式不同。咖啡中的泡沫来自牛奶中的酪蛋白和乳清蛋白（Canning K，2019：120）。当牛奶在高温下经过高速搅拌后，乳清蛋白会包裹更多空气，从而形成一个个单独的小气泡，而咖啡表面的脂肪可以形成足够大的表面张力，从而托起富含气泡的奶泡。咖啡师通过拉花手法让奶泡的流向、流速发生变化，进而形成各种拉花图案（周文婷，2022：27）。茶百戏和咖啡拉花虽然两者都是在在饮品上作画，但两者原理是不一样的，而且茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

图4 茶百戏图5 咖啡拉花

茶百戏的传承与保护
点茶是中国历史上三大饮茶方式之一，茶百戏属于点茶文化，还是中国茶的突出代表（Shigui Z, 2019）。茶百戏的恢复与再现，丰富了当代茶文化内涵，对于研究点茶文化具有重要价值。茶百戏以液体表现字画的独特方式，赋予作品灵动和变幻的特征，使中国字画表现的载体由单一的固体材料发展到液体材料，具有很强的艺术观赏性。茶百戏是欣赏、品饮、保健兼备的饮茶活动，适应当代社会人们对娱乐产品多元素的需求，对于提升武夷茶文化的地位和影响力具有重要意义。
宋代茶百戏作为非遗文化中珍贵且重要的技艺之一，蕴含着宋代写意雅致的美学特征、浓厚悠久的历史文化与富足安定的生活状态。在新时代语境下，茶百戏这类非物质文化遗产要想拥有顽强生命力，可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

参考文献
[1]Canning K .RTD coffee and tea playing at the hot table[J].Dairy Foods, 2019,120(11).
[2]Shigui Z , Jieling Z .Inheritance and Development of Handicrafts in Agricultural Heritages:Taking Chabaixi as an Example[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2015.
[3]百度百科：茶百戏 https://baike.baidu.com/item/茶百戏/1799677#reference-5
[4]王柳丁.宋时风雅——茶汤上的水墨丹青[J].东方收藏,2024,(04):163-165.
[5]杨江帆.武夷茶大典[M].福州：福建人民出版社, 2018.11:340.
[6]章志峰,章业成.变幻无穷的茶汤茶百戏[J].知识就是力量,2024,(04):58-59.
[7]章志峰.茶百戏复活的千年茶艺[M].福建教育出版社,2013.
[8]周文婷.茶百戏:茶汤幻化出别样的图画[J].科学启蒙,2022,(11):26-27.

术语和表达
茶百戏 Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art 点茶 Dian Cha
咖啡拉花 Coffee Latte Art 茶筅 tea whisk
茶汤悬浮液 tea suspension 团饼茶 compressed tea
碾茶 tea grinding 茶膏 tea paste

问题及答案
1.茶百戏的技艺是以什么为基础的？
答案：茶百戏的技艺是以点茶为基础，用清水画画，其茶汤图案的形成也与点茶茶汤形成的茶沫有密切关系。

2.茶百戏的演示步骤有几步，分别是什么？
答案：四步，分别是研磨茶粉、调制茶膏、击拂茶汤和清水作画。

3.茶百戏和咖啡拉花有什么不同？
答案：两者原理是不一样的，茶百戏的图案大都是中国古代山水画，其历史也早于咖啡拉花一百年，而拉花的的图案大多是对称的图形。

4.茶百戏在哪个时期比较流行？
答案：宋代

5.如何更好传承茶百戏这一非遗传统文化？
答案：可以将其和社会需求紧密融合，运用视觉传达设计等学科知识，注入活态力量、探索表达形式、创新表现载体、挖掘文化内涵，使宋代茶百戏文化在传承中发展，在发展中创新。

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Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-11-02T03:54:51Z

Fu Xinke: /* Student roll */

[[Media:]]Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Long Jiayu
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
*Liu Zeyu
*Liao Wenyao
*Peng Lu
*Liu Yi2
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "porcellain" in the textbook.
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "Erhu" in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）

52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)

53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）

54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）

55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）

56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)

57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）

59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)

61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)

63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)

64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)

65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.

67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)

68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)

69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）

71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）

72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]

=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=

137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]

138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]

=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki) [[Media:Hot Pot_2024.pptx]]

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]

=Student roll=
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a
*Chen Kuanshun n
*Chen Mengzhu a
*Chen Pingan -
*Chen Shanshan a
*Chen Weiping a
*Chen Zilan a
*Cheng Linjia a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a
*Gong Tao n
*Guo Zibin n
*Han Yaxuan -
*He Chuwen n
*Hu ShanShan a
*Hu Zetao a
*Hu Zheng n
*Huang Mengyan -
*Huang Qi n
*Huang Zechen a
*Jiang Caiyun a
*Jiang Chenmei n
*Jiang Yaping a
*Jiao Mengting a
*Kuang Jing a
*Le Yuxuan a
*Li Dinghao a
*Li Jia a
*Li Ru a
*Li Songlin a
*Li Xiaosu a
*Liang Dan a
*Liao Wenyao a
*Liu Huixuan a
*Liu Jieyu a
*Liu Li2 -
*Liu Peinan a
*Liu Xinyu2 -
*Liu Yi2 a
*Liu Zeyu a
*Liu Zhehui -
*Liu Zhouli -
*Liu Zhuofan a
*Long Jiayu a
*Lv Di a
*Ma Ruiqing a
*Pan Yilin a
*Peng Jiayi -
*Peng Lu a
*Peng Yingying -
*Peng Yixin a
*Sha Lijia a
*Shi Zhanning a
*Shu Lin2 a
*Su Yi a
*Tang Xinyan a
*Tang Xinyu a
*Tang Yuewei a
*Tao Yu a
*Wang Xuan2 a
*Wang Xudong -
*Wang Yan2 a
*Wang Yue a
*Wang Yujiao a
*Wu Jiaying a
*Wu Jing a
*Wu Ziyi a
*Xia Rong -
*Xiao Feiyan a
*Xiao Yixuan a
*Xie Ke -
*Yang Fan a
*Yang Hanxu a
*Yang Lingyue a
*Yao Yiyun a
*Yu Yi n
*Zeng Man n
*Zeng Wenjing n
*Zeng Xin a
*Zhang Mengzhe n
*Zhang Rui3 n
*Zhang Shuai a
*Zhang Yange a
*Zhao Jing a
*Zhao Siyao a
*Zhou Jing a
*Zhou Ranran -
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -
*Zhou Xukai a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -

=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).

The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.

By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.

Task 1: Please decide whether you

- want to use

- or not want to use

an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.

The groups should almost be equally large.

The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.

==AI group==
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a
*Chen Shanshan a
*Chen Weiping a
*Chen Zilan a
*Cheng Linjia a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a
*Hu ShanShan a
*Hu Zetao a
*Huang Zechen a
*Jiang Caiyun a
*Jiang Yaping a
*Jiao Mengting a
*Kuang Jing a
*Le Yuxuan a
*Li Dinghao a
*Li Jia a
*Li Ru a
*Li Songlin a
*Li Xiaosu a
*Liang Dan a
*Liao Wenyao a
*Liu Huixuan a
*Liu Jieyu a
*Liu Peinan a
*Liu Yi2 a
*Liu Zeyu a
*Liu Zhuofan a
*Long Jiayu a
*Lv Di a
*Ma Ruiqing a
*Pan Yilin a
*Peng Lu a
*Peng Yixin a
*Sha Lijia a
*Shi Zhanning a
*Shu Lin2 a
*Su Yi a
*Tang Xinyan a
*Tang Xinyu a
*Tang Yuewei a
*Tao Yu a
*Wang Xuan2 a
*Wang Yan2 a
*Wang Yue a
*Wang Yujiao a
*Wu Jiaying a
*Wu Jing a
*Wu Ziyi a
*Xiao Feiyan a
*Xiao Yixuan a
*Yang Fan a
*Yang Hanxu a
*Yang Lingyue a
*Yao Yiyun a
*Zeng Xin a
*Zhang Shuai a
*Zhang Yange a
*Zhao Jing a
*Zhao Siyao a
*Zhou Jing a
*Zhou Xukai a

==Human group==
*Cai Yingchu -
*Chen Kuanshun n
*Chen Pingan -
*Gong Tao n
*Guo Zibin n
*Han Yaxuan -
*He Chuwen n
*Hu Zheng n
*Huang Mengyan -
*Huang Qi n
*Jiang Chenmei n
*Liu Li2 -
*Liu Xinyu2 -
*Liu Zhehui -
*Liu Zhouli -
*Peng Jiayi -
*Peng Yingying -
*Wang Xudong -
*Xia Rong -
*Xie Ke -
*Yu Yi n
*Zeng Man n
*Zeng Wenjing n
*Zhang Mengzhe n
*Zhang Rui3 n
*Zhou Ranran -
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou Yicen -

==Task 2==
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write "Today I did not do anything for my language learning."

How to find your homepage?

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei

or

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2

Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write

Also, in the name list of the groups, please add "f" or "m" for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from "city" or "land", from "Changsha" or from a different city

\= Oct 31, 2024 \=

Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.

==Student Presentations today==
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]

169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao_2024.pptx]]

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-11-02T03:52:59Z

Fu Xinke: /* AI group */

[[Media:]]Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Long Jiayu
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
*Liu Zeyu
*Liao Wenyao
*Peng Lu
*Liu Yi2
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "porcellain" in the textbook.
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "Erhu" in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）

52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)

53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）

54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）

55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）

56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)

57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）

59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)

61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)

63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)

64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)

65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.

67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)

68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)

69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）

71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）

72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]

=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=

137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]

138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]

=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki) [[Media:Hot Pot_2024.pptx]]

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]

=Student roll=
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a
*Chen Kuanshun n
*Chen Mengzhu a
*Chen Pingan -
*Chen Shanshan a
*Chen Weiping a
*Chen Zilan a
*Cheng Linjia a
*Fu Xinke a
*Gong Tao n
*Guo Zibin n
*Han Yaxuan -
*He Chuwen n
*Hu ShanShan a
*Hu Zetao a
*Hu Zheng n
*Huang Mengyan -
*Huang Qi n
*Huang Zechen a
*Jiang Caiyun a
*Jiang Chenmei n
*Jiang Yaping a
*Jiao Mengting a
*Kuang Jing a
*Le Yuxuan a
*Li Dinghao a
*Li Jia a
*Li Ru a
*Li Songlin a
*Li Xiaosu a
*Liang Dan a
*Liao Wenyao a
*Liu Huixuan a
*Liu Jieyu a
*Liu Li2 -
*Liu Peinan a
*Liu Xinyu2 -
*Liu Yi2 a
*Liu Zeyu a
*Liu Zhehui -
*Liu Zhouli -
*Liu Zhuofan a
*Long Jiayu a
*Lv Di a
*Ma Ruiqing a
*Pan Yilin a
*Peng Jiayi -
*Peng Lu a
*Peng Yingying -
*Peng Yixin a
*Sha Lijia a
*Shi Zhanning a
*Shu Lin2 a
*Su Yi a
*Tang Xinyan a
*Tang Xinyu a
*Tang Yuewei a
*Tao Yu a
*Wang Xuan2 a
*Wang Xudong -
*Wang Yan2 a
*Wang Yue a
*Wang Yujiao a
*Wu Jiaying a
*Wu Jing a
*Wu Ziyi a
*Xia Rong -
*Xiao Feiyan a
*Xiao Yixuan a
*Xie Ke -
*Yang Fan a
*Yang Hanxu a
*Yang Lingyue a
*Yao Yiyun a
*Yu Yi n
*Zeng Man n
*Zeng Wenjing n
*Zeng Xin a
*Zhang Mengzhe n
*Zhang Rui3 n
*Zhang Shuai a
*Zhang Yange a
*Zhao Jing a
*Zhao Siyao a
*Zhou Jing a
*Zhou Ranran -
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -
*Zhou Xukai a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -

=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).

The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.

By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.

Task 1: Please decide whether you

- want to use

- or not want to use

an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.

The groups should almost be equally large.

The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.

==AI group==
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a
*Chen Shanshan a
*Chen Weiping a
*Chen Zilan a
*Cheng Linjia a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a
*Hu ShanShan a
*Hu Zetao a
*Huang Zechen a
*Jiang Caiyun a
*Jiang Yaping a
*Jiao Mengting a
*Kuang Jing a
*Le Yuxuan a
*Li Dinghao a
*Li Jia a
*Li Ru a
*Li Songlin a
*Li Xiaosu a
*Liang Dan a
*Liao Wenyao a
*Liu Huixuan a
*Liu Jieyu a
*Liu Peinan a
*Liu Yi2 a
*Liu Zeyu a
*Liu Zhuofan a
*Long Jiayu a
*Lv Di a
*Ma Ruiqing a
*Pan Yilin a
*Peng Lu a
*Peng Yixin a
*Sha Lijia a
*Shi Zhanning a
*Shu Lin2 a
*Su Yi a
*Tang Xinyan a
*Tang Xinyu a
*Tang Yuewei a
*Tao Yu a
*Wang Xuan2 a
*Wang Yan2 a
*Wang Yue a
*Wang Yujiao a
*Wu Jiaying a
*Wu Jing a
*Wu Ziyi a
*Xiao Feiyan a
*Xiao Yixuan a
*Yang Fan a
*Yang Hanxu a
*Yang Lingyue a
*Yao Yiyun a
*Zeng Xin a
*Zhang Shuai a
*Zhang Yange a
*Zhao Jing a
*Zhao Siyao a
*Zhou Jing a
*Zhou Xukai a

==Human group==
*Cai Yingchu -
*Chen Kuanshun n
*Chen Pingan -
*Gong Tao n
*Guo Zibin n
*Han Yaxuan -
*He Chuwen n
*Hu Zheng n
*Huang Mengyan -
*Huang Qi n
*Jiang Chenmei n
*Liu Li2 -
*Liu Xinyu2 -
*Liu Zhehui -
*Liu Zhouli -
*Peng Jiayi -
*Peng Yingying -
*Wang Xudong -
*Xia Rong -
*Xie Ke -
*Yu Yi n
*Zeng Man n
*Zeng Wenjing n
*Zhang Mengzhe n
*Zhang Rui3 n
*Zhou Ranran -
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou Yicen -

==Task 2==
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write "Today I did not do anything for my language learning."

How to find your homepage?

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei

or

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2

Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write

Also, in the name list of the groups, please add "f" or "m" for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from "city" or "land", from "Changsha" or from a different city

\= Oct 31, 2024 \=

Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.

==Student Presentations today==
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]

169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao_2024.pptx]]

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-24T12:59:26Z

Fu Xinke: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)

5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)

6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Chinese mortise and tenon craftsmanship（中国榫卯工艺）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T12:49:59Z

Fu Xinke: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Chen Weiping/Jackie)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Estrella/Tang Xinyan)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019.

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T12:28:52Z

Fu Xinke: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211(Zeng Man/Emily)

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509(Lv Di)

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Chen Weiping/Jackie)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601(Chen Zilan/Landy)

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019.

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T12:08:45Z

Fu Xinke: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zehchen
*Zachary
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211(Zeng Man/Emily)

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Chen Weiping/Jackie)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601(Chen Zilan/Landy)

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019.

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T11:56:44Z

Fu Xinke: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zehchen
*Zachary
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211(Zeng Man/Emily)

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Chen Weiping/Jackie)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601(Chen Zilan/Landy)

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836（Guo Zibin/Anne）
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki> (Zhou Xiaoqiao)
204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019. (Su Yi/ Suri)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Zeng Xin）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T11:40:46Z

Fu Xinke: /* Headline text */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

== Headline text ==

----
[[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 （Rachel）

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211Chen Shanshan(Rebecca)

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Zeng Xin）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T03:13:36Z

Fu Xinke: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041

224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 Xiao Feiyan

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T03:12:12Z

Fu Xinke: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041

224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 Xiao Feiyan

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T03:09:57Z

Fu Xinke: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041

224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 Xiao Feiyan

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

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