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User:Gong Wei

2025-06-20T14:00:17Z

Gong Wei:

=Taoyuan Lei Tea=

==Abstract==

Taoyuan Lei Tea, as an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, carries a profound historical and cultural heritage and has been passed down among the people for thousands of years. Through an in - depth exploration of the historical origin, production process, types and characteristics, cultural connotation and health - promoting efficacy of Taoyuan Lei Tea, this article demonstrates the important significance of this unique drink in Taoyuan area and even in a wider range, in order to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of this precious cultural heritage, and also to let more people understand the rich cultural and health - promoting values of Taoyuan Lei Tea.

==Introduction==

In the food culture of Changde, Hunan, Taoyuan Lei Tea is like a bright pearl, exuding a unique charm. It is not only a kind of drink, but also an important carrier of the local folk culture, deeply integrated into the daily life of the people in Taoyuan, and has become a unique way for them to express their emotions and inherit history. Whether it is a warm moment when relatives and friends get together or a warm occasion to receive distant guests, a bowl of steaming Lei Tea is always essential, carrying deep affection and blessings.

==Historical Origin==

===Legendary Origin===

The most widely spread story about the origin of Taoyuan Lei Tea is related to General Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (49 AD), Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wu of Han to conquer the "Man" tribes in Wuxi. He led his troops to sail up the Yuan River. When the troops passed by Wutou Village (now Taohuayuan), due to the humid climate and the soldiers' inability to adapt to the local conditions, many soldiers were infected with miasma and cold, and countless of them fell ill. At this critical moment, an old woman in the local area presented a family - heirloom secret recipe, the "Three - Ingredient Soup", which was made by pounding raw rice, ginger and raw tea leaves in a mortar and then mixing them with boiling water for the soldiers to drink. Miraculously, after Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, the epidemic was quickly cured and the soldiers' morale was greatly boosted. Since then, the story that the "Three - Ingredient Soup" could cure all kinds of diseases has spread, and it has gradually become a custom in the local area, which is now Taoyuan Lei Tea. This legend is also recorded in "Biography of Ma Yuan" in "History of the Later Han Dynasty": "It happened to be very hot, and many soldiers died of the epidemic. Ma Yuan also fell ill and was trapped." This fully shows the difficult situation the army faced at that time and the crucial role played by Lei Tea.

===Documentary Records===

Apart from legends, many documents also provide strong evidence for the history of Taoyuan Lei Tea. The "Taoyuan County Annals" records: "Lei Tea is made by mixing tea, ginger, sesame, salted rice and dogwood, and drinking it with a mixture of yin and yang water. It is also called Five - Flavor Soup. It is said that Ma Yuan made it to avoid miasma." The "Changde Prefecture Annals" of the Jiajing period records: "Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty once bored a hole in a stone to escape the heat." Du Shaoling in the Tang Dynasty had the poem "Thinking of the Southern Expedition in Wuling", and Bai Letian had the sentence "The old road of General Fubo is still in the wind and smoke". These are all related to the story of Ma Yuan's southern expedition to the Wuxi Man tribes and the route he passed through, indirectly indicating the close connection between Lei Tea and this historical event. From these documentary records, it can be seen that Taoyuan Lei Tea appeared at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been continuously passed down and developed over time, becoming a representative of the unique food culture in the local area.

==Production Process==

===Raw Material Preparation===

The main raw materials for making Taoyuan Lei Tea are raw tea leaves, ginger and raw rice, which are also the core raw materials of the original "Three - Ingredient Soup". Generally, fresh local tea tree leaves are selected as the raw tea leaves. They are rich in ingredients such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, which not only give Lei Tea a unique flavor, but also have the effects of refreshing the mind and relieving heat and summer - heat. Ginger is warm in nature and has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold. It can effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms caused by the inability to adapt to the local conditions or wind - cold. Raw rice can increase the body's heat and provide the necessary energy. In addition, according to personal taste and different types of Lei Tea, fried sesame, peanuts, soybeans and other ingredients may also be added. Sesame is rich in oil and protein, which can add a mellow fragrance to Lei Tea. Peanuts are crispy and delicious, enriching the taste. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, making the nutrition of Lei Tea more comprehensive.

===Tool Selection===

The production of Lei Tea cannot be separated from unique tools. The mortar and pestle are the key among them. The mortar is a kind of earthenware with tooth - shaped patterns on the inner wall, a heavy body, a wide mouth, a constricted belly and a flat bottom. It is shaped like a washbasin, with a diameter generally ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters. Its heavy texture and unique tooth - shaped pattern design enable the raw materials to be better ground and pounded during the pounding process, and it is wear - resistant and not easy to break, which is very suitable for long - time pounding operations. The pestle is mostly made of the wood of the Litsea cubeba tree. The Litsea cubeba tree itself has a special fragrance. During the pounding process, this fragrance will gradually penetrate into the "Lei Tea paste", making the Lei Tea emit a unique and lasting aroma. At the same time, the "paste" pounded with the pestle made of Litsea cubeba wood is not easy to deteriorate or change its taste after being stored for several days, ensuring the quality and taste of Lei Tea.

===Production Steps===

First, soak the raw rice in water to make it swell and soften its texture, which is convenient for pounding. Then, put the swollen raw rice, fresh raw tea leaves, ginger and other required raw materials (such as sesame, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) into the mortar together. Next, hold the pestle with both hands and pound it in a clockwise or counter - clockwise direction, circle by circle, with force. During the pounding process, the force and speed need to be continuously adjusted to ensure that all kinds of raw materials are fully mixed and pounded into a fine paste. This process requires a certain amount of patience and skill. The paste - like substance obtained after pounding is the "Lei Tea paste". Finally, pour boiling water into the "Lei Tea paste" and add an appropriate amount of salt or sugar for seasoning according to personal preference. Thus, a cup of Taoyuan Lei Tea with a fragrant smell and a unique taste is made.

==Types and Characteristics==

===Clear - water Lei Tea===

Clear - water Lei Tea generally does not contain rice, and its production is relatively simple. After pounding the various raw materials except rice into the "Lei Tea paste", it can be directly mixed with boiling water for drinking. Its appearance is clear, and the color of the tea soup is yellow - green, showing a tortoise - spot - like shape. The spots move slightly, just like the floating clouds in the sky. It tastes fragrant and mellow, with the scents of tea, ginger and sesame blending with each other, making it refreshing and pleasant. Due to its light taste, it is suitable for most people to drink. Especially in the hot summer, a cup of clear - water Lei Tea can quickly dispel the summer - heat and make people feel relaxed and happy.

===Paste - like Lei Tea===

The production of paste - like Lei Tea is relatively more complicated. When pounding the "Lei Tea paste", in addition to the regular raw materials, cooked rice also needs to be added, and then raw materials such as tea leaves and soybeans are put in and pounded in sequence. After pounding, put the "paste" into a pot, add water and boil it until it becomes a paste. Its fragrance is more intense, and the taste is sticky, with a stronger sense of fullness. In rural areas, during the busy farming season or when there is a banquet at home, people usually choose to drink paste - like Lei Tea. It can not only meet the energy needs after physical exertion, but also serve as a simple and delicious meal. The mellow taste and rich nutrition of paste - like Lei Tea also make it the first - choice drink for local residents to keep out the cold in winter.

==Cultural Connotation==

===The Way of Treating Guests===

China is a country of etiquette, and the people of Taoyuan are especially warm - hearted and hospitable. Drinking Lei Tea is a long - inherited traditional habit and special custom of the people in Taoyuan. Once there are guests visiting, the host will always carefully prepare a sumptuous Lei Tea banquet to warmly receive them. This is not only a dietary behavior, but also a way to express welcome and respect. At the Lei Tea banquet, the host will fill the table with various delicious "accompanying" snacks, and sit around with the guests, chatting while drinking Lei Tea. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious. This kind of communication way with Lei Tea as the link shortens the distance between people and enhances the affection between each other. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives." This vividly describes the important role of Lei Tea in the social life of the people in Taoyuan.

===A Social Medium===

Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only a good product for entertaining guests at home, but also an important medium for relatives and friends to get together and for neighbors to communicate. In Taoyuan, whether it is during the New Year and festivals, weddings and funerals, or in the leisure time on weekdays, people like to get together to hold Lei Tea parties. Everyone sits around, drinks Lei Tea, and shares the joys and sorrows in life. The deep family affection and friendship are passed on in bowls of Lei Tea. This kind of social way is simple and warm, without too many formalities, but full of the flavor of life and human touch. At the Lei Tea party, people communicate with each other and help each other, forming a harmonious neighborhood relationship and a strong community cohesion.

===Cultural Inheritance===

As an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, Taoyuan Lei Tea carries the local historical and cultural memory of thousands of years. It has witnessed the social changes and local customs of Taoyuan area and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in Taoyuan. From the initial folk remedy for treating diseases to the current daily drink and cultural symbol, Lei Tea has continuously incorporated new elements and connotations in the process of inheritance, but has always maintained its unique production process and cultural heritage. Through the production and drinking of Lei Tea, generation after generation of Taoyuan people have passed down this ancient custom, passing on the wisdom and spirit of their ancestors from generation to generation. At the same time, Lei Tea has also attracted many tourists and scholars to explore the cultural mystery behind it, and has become a beautiful business card to show the culture of Taoyuan.

==Health - promoting Efficacy==

===Cognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine===

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, all kinds of raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea have certain medicinal values. Raw rice is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide sufficient energy for the human body. Ginger is recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" as follows: "Ginger is warm in nature, and it can clear the mind, stop phlegm - cough and vomiting, and is extremely effective in promoting appetite." It has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold, and can be used to treat symptoms such as sudden fainting due to pathogenic qi, vomiting due to stomach - cold, and excessive phlegm - cough due to cold pathogen in the lung. Ginger can also enhance appetite and has the effect of promoting digestion. Its peel can promote diuresis and can be used to treat skin edema. Raw tea leaves are also recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea is bitter in nature and can relieve heat - thirst, clear the head and eyes, and promote digestion." It is suitable for treating symptoms such as summer - heat - thirst, dizziness, indigestion, mental fatigue, drowsiness and dysuria. Sesame has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and blood, and moistening the intestines. Peanuts are rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which are helpful for reducing cholesterol and protecting cardiovascular health. Soybeans are rich in soy isoflavones, which are beneficial for women's health. These raw materials are matched with each other, making Lei Tea have many health - promoting effects such as preventing wind - cold, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and moistening the lungs and strengthening the stomach.

===Modern Medical Research===

Modern medical research also shows that regular drinking of Lei Tea has many benefits for human health. The tea polyphenols in tea have the effects of antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, and can prevent cardiovascular diseases and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The gingerol and shogaol in ginger have the effects of anti - inflammation, analgesia, antioxidation and lipid - lowering. The sesamin and vitamin E in sesame are antioxidant substances, which can delay cell aging and protect liver function. The resveratrol in peanuts has the effects of antioxidation, anti - inflammation and anti - tumor. The soybean protein in soybeans is high - quality plant protein, which is helpful for reducing blood lipid and preventing osteoporosis. In addition, Lei Tea can also help remove the greasiness of food, promote the digestion and absorption of food in the body, and is beneficial for preventing and treating constipation. Clinically, Lei Tea has certain adjuvant treatment and health - care functions for some chronic diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dyspepsia and other digestive tract diseases, as well as cold, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.

==Conclusion==

As a traditional drink with a history of thousands of years, Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only famous for its unique production process, rich types and characteristics, and profound cultural connotation, but also attracts much attention because of its remarkable health - promoting efficacy. It is an indispensable part of the life of the people in Taoyuan, carrying their emotions, memories and cultural inheritance. In modern society, with people's attention to traditional culture and the pursuit of a healthy life, Taoyuan Lei Tea has ushered in new development opportunities. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of Taoyuan Lei Tea, an intangible cultural heritage, deeply explore its cultural and health - promoting values, and through innovative development and publicity promotion, let more people understand and love Taoyuan Lei Tea, so that it can shine more brightly in the new era.

==References==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==Terms and Expressions==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==Questions==

1.What are the characteristics of the mortar and pestle, the main tools for making Taoyuan Lei Tea? What roles do these characteristics play in the production of Lei Tea?

2.Describe in detail the complete production steps of Taoyuan Lei Tea from raw material preparation to the finished product.

3.What are the differences in production methods, appearance, and taste between Clear - water Lei Tea and Paste - like Lei Tea?

4.Why is Paste - like Lei Tea more suitable for drinking during busy farming seasons or in winter?

5.How does Taoyuan Lei Tea reflect the warmth and hospitality of the people in Taoyuan in terms of the way of treating guests?

6.As a social medium, what role does Taoyuan Lei Tea play in the daily life of the people in Taoyuan?

7.From the perspective of traditional medicine, what are the medicinal values of the main raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea respectively?

8.Combined with modern medical research, elaborate on the specific benefits of drinking Taoyuan Lei Tea for human health.

==Answers==
1.Mortar (擂钵)
Characteristics:
Made of earthenware with tooth-shaped patterns on the inner wall, heavy body, wide mouth, constricted belly, and flat bottom. Diameter ranges from 30 to 50 cm.
Roles:
The tooth-shaped patterns and heavy texture enable efficient grinding and pounding of raw materials, ensuring they are fully mixed into a fine paste.
Its wear-resistant and durable nature suits long-term pounding operations without breaking easily.
Pestle (擂棍)
Characteristics:
Mostly made of Litsea cubeba tree wood, which has a special fragrance.
Roles:
The wood’s fragrance penetrates into the "Lei Tea paste" during pounding, giving the tea a unique and lasting aroma.
Paste pounded with this pestle resists deterioration and taste changes for several days, preserving quality.

2.Raw Material Preparation:
Soak raw rice in water until swollen and softened for easier pounding.
Prepare fresh local tea leaves, ginger, and optional ingredients like fried sesame, peanuts, or soybeans.
Tool Setup:
Use a mortar (earthenware with tooth-shaped inner walls) and a Litsea cubeba wood pestle.
Pounding Process:
Place swollen raw rice, tea leaves, ginger, and optional ingredients into the mortar.
Hold the pestle with both hands and pound in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction, adjusting force and speed to mix and grind ingredients into a fine "Lei Tea paste." This requires patience and skill.
Finishing:
Pour boiling water into the paste and season with salt or sugar to taste.
Stir well to form a fragrant, unique-tasting cup of Lei Tea.

3.Aspect Clear-water Lei Tea Paste-like Lei Tea
Production Method - Omit rice; pound tea leaves, ginger, sesame, etc., into paste, then add boiling water. - Add cooked rice during pounding, then boil the paste with water to form a sticky consistency.
Appearance - Clear, yellow-green tea soup with tortoise-spot patterns that float slightly. - Thick, sticky texture with a more intense aroma.
Taste - Light, fragrant, and mellow, with blended scents of tea, ginger, and sesame. - Richer, stickier taste with a stronger sense of fullness.

4.Energy Supply: Its sticky texture and inclusion of cooked rice provide high calories, quickly replenishing energy after physical labor during farming seasons.
Warmth and Satiety: The thick consistency and warm nature of the ingredients (e.g., ginger) help keep the body warm and satisfy hunger in cold winter months.
Nutritional Density: Contains more carbohydrates and plant proteins (from soybeans and peanuts), making it a filling substitute for a meal during busy times.

5.
Banquet Preparation: When guests visit, hosts prepare a sumptuous "Lei Tea banquet" with various snacks, serving steaming tea to express welcome and respect.
Social Bonding: Guests and hosts sit together, chatting and drinking tea, which shortens social distance. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives," highlighting its role in fostering relationships.
Cultural Etiquette: Serving Lei Tea is not just a dietary act but a ritual that embodies traditional Chinese hospitality and local customs.

6.Community Gathering: Used in festivals, weddings, funerals, and daily leisure to host Lei Tea parties where people share life stories, strengthening family and friendship ties.
Neighborhood Harmony: Promotes communication and mutual help, forming a close-knit community. It lacks formalities but emphasizes warmth and human connection.
Cultural Cohesion: Serves as a shared tradition that reinforces community identity and collective memory.

7.
Raw Rice: Rich in carbohydrates, provides energy.
Ginger:
Warm nature; clears the mind, stops vomiting, dispels wind-cold (《本草纲目》).
Treats stomach cold, cough, and poor appetite; ginger peel promotes diuresis for edema.
Raw Tea Leaves:
Bitter taste; relieves heat-thirst, clears head and eyes, aids digestion (《本草纲目》).
Suitable for summer heat, dizziness, and indigestion.
Sesame: Tonifies liver and kidney, benefits essence and blood, moistens intestines.
Peanuts: Rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, reduces cholesterol, protects cardiovascular health.
Soybeans: Contain soy isoflavones, beneficial for women’s health.

8.
Antioxidant and Anti-disease Effects:
Tea polyphenols: Prevent cardiovascular diseases, inhibit tumor cells, and fight bacteria/viruses.
Gingerol and shogaol in ginger: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering.
Sesamin and vitamin E in sesame: Delay cell aging, protect liver function.
Resveratrol in peanuts: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor.
Digestive and Metabolic Support:
Soybean protein: Lowers blood lipids, prevents osteoporosis.
Lei Tea aids in removing food greasiness, promoting digestion, and preventing constipation.
Adjuvant Therapy:
Benefits chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and dyspepsia (digestive diseases).
Helps with colds, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses.

==AI Statement==

To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: Qwen(通义千问), Doubao(豆包）.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: "Please give me an article introducing Taoyuan Lei Tea", "Please give me the Chinese translation of this article", "Please help me extract the terminology from the article and provide their Chinese and English expressions". This article and its translation have been checked by me, and I found that AI chatbot actually did a great job that almost no mistakes were made.

=桃源擂茶=

==摘要==

桃源擂茶，作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着深厚的历史文化底蕴，在民间传承千年。本文通过对桃源擂茶的历史渊源、制作工艺、种类特色、文化内涵及其养生功效等多方面进行深入探究，展现这一独特饮品在桃源地区乃至更大范围内的重要意义，以期为保护和传承这一珍贵的文化遗产提供参考，同时也让更多人了解桃源擂茶丰富的文化价值与养生价值。

==引言==

在湖南常德的饮食文化中，桃源擂茶犹如一颗璀璨明珠，散发着独特魅力。它不仅是一种饮品，更是当地民俗文化的重要载体，深深融入了桃源人民的日常生活，成为他们表达情感、传承历史的独特方式。无论是在亲朋好友相聚的温馨时刻，还是在接待远方来客的热情场合，一碗热气腾腾的擂茶总是必不可少，承载着浓浓的情谊与祝福。

==历史渊源==

===传说溯源===

关于桃源擂茶的起源，流传最广的是东汉时期伏波将军马援的故事。东汉建武25年（公元49年），马援奉汉武帝之命征五溪“蛮”，率兵溯沅水而上。当部队路过乌头村（现今的桃花源）时，因当地气候潮湿、水土不服，众多士兵感染瘴气风寒，病倒无数。在这危急时刻，当地一位老妇献出祖传秘方“三生汤”，即把生米、生姜、生茶叶在擂钵中捣碎，用开水冲兑后让士兵服用。神奇的是，马援命全军饮用后，病疫迅速痊愈，士气大振。从此，“三生汤”能治百病的说法便流传开来，并在当地逐渐演变成一种习俗，也就是如今的桃源擂茶。这一传说在《后汉书•马援列传》中也有相关记载：“会署甚，士卒多疫死，援亦中病，遂困。” 足见当时军队所面临的困境以及擂茶发挥的关键作用。

===文献记载===

除传说外，诸多文献也为桃源擂茶的历史提供了有力佐证。《桃源县志》载：“擂茶，合茶、姜、芝麻、盐米、茱萸，以阴阳水和饮之。一名五味汤，相传马援制以避瘴。” 嘉靖常德府志记载：“汉马援尝穿石窍以避暑。” 唐杜少陵诗有“武陵一曲想南征”，白乐天有“伏波故道风烟在”之句，这些都与马援南征五溪蛮的故事以及经过的路线相关，间接表明了擂茶与这一历史事件的紧密联系。从这些文献记载可以看出，桃源擂茶至少在东汉时期就已出现，并随着时间的推移不断传承发展，成为当地独具特色的饮食文化代表。

==制作工艺==

===原料准备===

制作桃源擂茶的主要原料为生茶叶、生姜、生米，这也是最初“三生汤”的核心原料。生茶叶一般选用当地新鲜的茶树鲜叶，其含有丰富的茶多酚、咖啡碱等成分，不仅赋予擂茶独特的风味，还具有提神醒脑、清热解暑等功效；生姜性温，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可有效缓解因水土不服或风寒引起的不适症状；生米则能增加人体热量，提供必要的能量。此外，根据个人口味和不同的擂茶种类，还会加入炒熟的芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等。芝麻富含油脂和蛋白质，能为擂茶增添醇厚的香味；花生仁香脆可口，丰富了口感；黄豆含有丰富的植物蛋白，使擂茶的营养更加全面。

===工具选择===

擂茶的制作离不开独特的工具，擂钵和擂棒是其中的关键。擂钵是一种内壁有牙纹、钵体厚重、阔口、腹收、平底的陶器，形状似脸盆，直径一般为30 - 50公分。其厚重的质地和独特的牙纹设计，能够使原料在擂制过程中更好地被研磨捣碎，且耐磨不易破碎，非常适合长时间的擂制操作。擂棒则多选用山苍籽树木棒，山苍籽树本身具有一种特殊的芳香，在擂制过程中，这种芳香会逐渐渗透到“擂茶脚子”中，使擂茶散发出独特而持久的香气。同时，由山苍籽树木棒擂成的“脚子”存放数日也不易变质变味，保证了擂茶的品质和口感。

===制作步骤===

首先，将生米用水泡胀，使其质地变软，便于擂制。然后，把泡胀的生米、新鲜的生茶叶、生姜以及其他所需原料（如芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等）一起放入擂钵中。接下来，双手握住擂棒，按照顺时针或逆时针方向，一圈一圈地用力擂捣。在擂制过程中，要不断地调整力度和速度，确保各种原料充分混合并被擂成细腻的浆状，这一过程需要一定的耐心和技巧。擂制完成后得到的浆状物，就是“擂茶脚子”。最后，将“擂茶脚子”用开水冲泡，根据个人喜好加入适量的盐或者糖进行调味，一杯香气扑鼻、口感独特的桃源擂茶就制作完成了。

==种类特色==

===清水擂茶===

清水擂茶一般不放大米，制作相对简单。将除大米外的各种原料擂制成“擂茶脚子”后，直接用开水冲兑即可饮用。其外观清澈，茶汤颜色黄绿，呈龟斑状，斑状微动，恰似天上飘浮的云朵。喝起来口味香醇，茶香、姜香、芝麻香等相互交融，清爽宜人。由于其口感清淡，适合大多数人饮用，尤其是在炎热的夏季，一杯清水擂茶能够迅速驱散暑气，让人感到心旷神怡。

===糊糊擂茶===

糊糊擂茶的制作则相对复杂一些。在擂制“擂茶脚子”时，除了常规原料外，还需加入熟大米，然后依次放入茶叶、黄豆等原料进行擂捣。擂好后，将“脚子”放入锅内加水煮制，煮成糊状方可。其香味更加浓郁，口感粘稠，具有更强的饱腹感。在农村地区，农忙时节或家里开办宴会时，人们通常会选择喝糊糊擂茶，既能满足体力消耗后的能量需求，又能作为一顿简单而美味的餐食。糊糊擂茶的醇厚口感和丰富营养，也使其成为当地居民冬季驱寒保暖的首选饮品。

==文化内涵==

===待客之道===

中国是礼仪之邦，桃源人更是热情好客，喝擂茶是桃源人传承已久的传统习惯和特殊风俗。家中一旦有客人来访，主人总会精心准备一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情款待。这不仅是一种饮食行为，更是一种表达欢迎和尊重的方式。在擂茶宴上，主人会将各种美味的“压桌”小吃摆满一桌，与客人围坐在一起，边喝擂茶边聊天，气氛温馨融洽。这种以擂茶为纽带的交流方式，拉近了人与人之间的距离，增进了彼此的感情。正如俗语所说：“走东家，跑西家，喝擂茶，打哈哈，来来往往结亲家”，生动地描绘了擂茶在桃源人社交生活中的重要作用。

===社交媒介===

桃源擂茶不仅是家庭待客的佳品，也是亲朋好友相聚、左邻右舍交流的重要媒介。在桃源，无论是逢年过节、婚丧嫁娶，还是平日里的闲暇时光，人们都喜欢聚在一起举办擂茶会。大家围坐一堂，喝着擂茶，分享着生活中的喜怒哀乐，浓浓的亲情和友情在一碗碗擂茶中传递。这种社交方式既简单又温馨，没有过多的繁文缛节，却充满了生活的气息和人情味。在擂茶会上，人们相互交流、相互帮助，形成了和谐的邻里关系和紧密的社区凝聚力。

===文化传承===

桃源擂茶作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着当地千年的历史文化记忆。它见证了桃源地区的社会变迁、风土人情，是桃源人民智慧的结晶。从最初的治病良方到如今的日常饮品和文化象征，擂茶在传承过程中不断融入新的元素和内涵，但始终保持着其独特的制作工艺和文化底蕴。通过制作和饮用擂茶，一代又一代的桃源人传承着这一古老的习俗，将先辈们的智慧和精神代代相传。同时，擂茶也吸引了众多游客和学者前来探寻其背后的文化奥秘，成为展示桃源文化的一张亮丽名片。

==养生功效==

===传统医学认知===

从传统医学的角度来看，桃源擂茶的各种原料都具有一定的药用价值。生米富含碳水化合物，能够为人体提供充足的能量。生姜在《本草纲目》中被记载：“生姜性温，通畅神明，痰嗽呕吐，开胃极灵”，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可用于治疗中恶气病突然昏倒、胃寒的呕吐以及肺有寒邪的痰多咳嗽等症状。生姜还能增进食欲，有开胃之功效，其皮能行水，可治皮肤水肿。生茶叶在《本草纲目》中也有记载：“茶茗性苦，热渴能济，上清头目，下消食气”，适用于署热烦渴、头目眩晕、食积不消、精神疲倦、嗜睡及小便不利等症。芝麻具有补肝肾、益精血、润肠燥的功效；花生仁富含蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸，有助于降低胆固醇、保护心血管健康；黄豆含有丰富的大豆异黄酮，对女性健康有益。这些原料相互搭配，使得擂茶具有防风祛寒、清肝明目、润肺健胃等多种养生功效。

===现代医学研究===

现代医学研究也表明，经常饮用擂茶对人体健康有着诸多益处。茶叶中的茶多酚具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒等作用，能够预防心血管疾病、抑制肿瘤细胞生长。生姜中的姜辣素和姜烯酚等成分，具有抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化、降血脂等功效。芝麻中的芝麻素和维生素E等抗氧化物质，能够延缓细胞衰老、保护肝脏功能。花生仁中的白藜芦醇具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等作用。黄豆中的大豆蛋白是优质植物蛋白，有助于降低血脂、预防骨质疏松。此外，擂茶还能帮助祛除食物中的油腻感，促进食物在体内的消化吸收，有利于预防和治疗便秘。在临床中，擂茶对一些慢性疾病，如慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、消化不良等消化道疾病，以及感冒、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾病都有一定的辅助治疗和保健功能。

==结语==

桃源擂茶作为一种具有千年历史的传统饮品，不仅以其独特的制作工艺、丰富的种类特色和浓郁的文化内涵而闻名，更因其显著的养生功效而备受关注。它是桃源人民生活中不可或缺的一部分，承载着他们的情感、记忆和文化传承。在现代社会，随着人们对传统文化的重视和对健康生活的追求，桃源擂茶迎来了新的发展机遇。我们应当加强对桃源擂茶这一非物质文化遗产的保护和传承，深入挖掘其文化价值和养生价值，通过创新发展和宣传推广，让更多的人了解和喜爱桃源擂茶，使其在新时代焕发出更加耀眼的光芒。
制作桃源擂茶的主要工具擂钵和擂棒有何特点？这些特点对擂茶制作有什么作用？

==参考文献==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==生词表==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==问题==
1.擂茶的主要工具——擂钵和擂棍有哪些特点？这些特点在擂茶制作中起到什么作用？

2.详细描述桃源擂茶从原料准备到成品的完整制作步骤是怎样的？

3.汉清水擂茶和糊糊擂茶在制作方法、外观和口感上分别有哪些不同？

4.为什么糊糊擂茶更适合农忙时节或冬季饮用？

5.桃源擂茶在待客之道方面是如何体现桃源人民热情好客的？

6.桃源擂茶作为社交媒介，在桃源人的日常生活中发挥着怎样的作用？

7.从传统医学角度，桃源擂茶的各主要原料分别具有哪些药用价值？

8.结合现代医学研究，阐述饮用桃源擂茶对人体健康的具体益处有哪些？

==答案==
1.
擂钵
特点：由陶土制成，内壁有齿状纹路，质地厚重，口宽、腹窄、底平，直径一般在 30 到 50 厘米之间。
作用：
齿状纹路和厚重质地有助于高效研磨和捣碎原料，确保原料充分混合成细腻的糊状。
其耐磨耐用的特性，适合长时间的捣制操作，不易破损。
擂棍
特点：多由山苍子树的木材制成，本身带有特殊香气。
作用：
在捣制过程中，木材的香气会渗入 “擂茶膏” 中，赋予擂茶独特且持久的香味。
用山苍子木擂棍捣制的擂茶膏，储存数天也不易变质或变味，保证了擂茶的品质和口感。

2.

原料准备：
将生米用水浸泡，使其膨胀、质地变软，便于捣制。
准备新鲜的本地茶叶、生姜，以及炒芝麻、花生、黄豆等可选配料。
工具准备：
使用内壁有齿状纹路的陶制擂钵和山苍子木擂棍。
捣制过程：
将泡胀的生米、新鲜茶叶、生姜及其他所需原料放入擂钵。
双手握住擂棍，顺时针或逆时针方向一圈圈用力捣制，过程中需不断调整力度和速度，确保所有原料充分混合并捣成细腻的 “擂茶膏”，此步骤需要一定的耐心和技巧。
成品制作：
往 “擂茶膏” 中倒入沸水，根据个人口味加入适量的盐或糖调味。
充分搅拌，一杯香气扑鼻、口味独特的桃源擂茶便制作完成。

3.
方面清水擂茶糊糊擂茶
制作方法 - 不含米，将茶叶、生姜、芝麻等原料捣成 “擂茶膏” 后直接加沸水冲饮。 - 捣制 “擂茶膏” 时加入熟米，再依次放入茶叶、黄豆等原料捣碎，最后加水熬煮成糊状。
外观 - 茶汤清澈，呈黄绿色，有类似龟甲纹路的斑点微微浮动。 - 质地浓稠黏腻，香气更为浓郁。
口感 - 口感清淡、香气醇厚，茶叶、生姜和芝麻的香味相互交融。 - 味道更浓郁，口感黏稠，饱腹感更强。

4.

补充能量：其黏稠的质地和熟米的加入，能提供高热量，快速补充农忙时体力劳动消耗的能量。
保暖充饥：浓稠的质地和生姜等温热食材，有助于在寒冷的冬季保暖并满足饱腹感。
营养丰富：富含碳水化合物和植物蛋白（来自黄豆、花生等），在忙碌时可作为简单且营养丰富的代餐。

5.
盛宴准备：有客人来访时，主人会精心准备丰盛的 “擂茶宴”，搭配各种美味小吃，端上热气腾腾的擂茶，以此表达欢迎与尊重。
社交联结：主客围坐在一起，边喝茶边聊天，缩短了人与人之间的距离。正如俗语所说：“东家走，西家串，喝擂茶，聊家常，一来二去成亲戚”，凸显了擂茶在增进关系中的作用。
文化礼仪：奉上擂茶不仅是饮食行为，更是一种仪式，体现了中国传统待客之道和当地风俗。

6.
社区聚会：在节日、婚丧嫁娶或平日闲暇时，人们通过举办擂茶聚会分享生活点滴，巩固亲情和友情。
邻里和谐：促进交流互助，形成紧密的社区氛围，虽不讲究繁复礼节，却充满生活气息与人情味。
文化凝聚：作为共同的传统，强化了社区认同感和集体记忆。

7.
生米：富含碳水化合物，为人体提供能量。
生姜：
性温，可提神醒脑、止呕、驱寒（《本草纲目》）。
用于治疗胃寒呕吐、咳嗽等症状，生姜皮可利尿消肿。
茶叶：
味苦，能清热解渴、清头目、助消化（《本草纲目》）。
适合缓解夏季暑热、头晕、消化不良等症状。
芝麻：滋补肝肾、益精血、润肠。
花生：富含蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸，有助于降低胆固醇、保护心血管健康。
黄豆：含有大豆异黄酮，对女性健康有益。

8.

抗氧化与抗病：
茶叶中的茶多酚：预防心血管疾病、抑制肿瘤细胞，抗菌抗病毒。
生姜中的姜辣素和姜烯酚：抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化、降血脂。
芝麻中的芝麻素和维生素 E：延缓细胞衰老、保护肝功能。
花生中的白藜芦醇：抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤。
消化与代谢：
大豆蛋白：降低血脂、预防骨质疏松。
擂茶有助于解油腻、促进消化吸收、预防便秘。
辅助治疗：
对慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、消化不良等消化道疾病有辅助治疗作用。
有助于缓解感冒、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾病。

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-20T03:20:16Z

Gong Wei:

=Taoyuan Lei Tea=

==Abstract==

Taoyuan Lei Tea, as an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, carries a profound historical and cultural heritage and has been passed down among the people for thousands of years. Through an in - depth exploration of the historical origin, production process, types and characteristics, cultural connotation and health - promoting efficacy of Taoyuan Lei Tea, this article demonstrates the important significance of this unique drink in Taoyuan area and even in a wider range, in order to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of this precious cultural heritage, and also to let more people understand the rich cultural and health - promoting values of Taoyuan Lei Tea.

==Introduction==

In the food culture of Changde, Hunan, Taoyuan Lei Tea is like a bright pearl, exuding a unique charm. It is not only a kind of drink, but also an important carrier of the local folk culture, deeply integrated into the daily life of the people in Taoyuan, and has become a unique way for them to express their emotions and inherit history. Whether it is a warm moment when relatives and friends get together or a warm occasion to receive distant guests, a bowl of steaming Lei Tea is always essential, carrying deep affection and blessings.

==Historical Origin==

===Legendary Origin===

The most widely spread story about the origin of Taoyuan Lei Tea is related to General Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (49 AD), Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wu of Han to conquer the "Man" tribes in Wuxi. He led his troops to sail up the Yuan River. When the troops passed by Wutou Village (now Taohuayuan), due to the humid climate and the soldiers' inability to adapt to the local conditions, many soldiers were infected with miasma and cold, and countless of them fell ill. At this critical moment, an old woman in the local area presented a family - heirloom secret recipe, the "Three - Ingredient Soup", which was made by pounding raw rice, ginger and raw tea leaves in a mortar and then mixing them with boiling water for the soldiers to drink. Miraculously, after Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, the epidemic was quickly cured and the soldiers' morale was greatly boosted. Since then, the story that the "Three - Ingredient Soup" could cure all kinds of diseases has spread, and it has gradually become a custom in the local area, which is now Taoyuan Lei Tea. This legend is also recorded in "Biography of Ma Yuan" in "History of the Later Han Dynasty": "It happened to be very hot, and many soldiers died of the epidemic. Ma Yuan also fell ill and was trapped." This fully shows the difficult situation the army faced at that time and the crucial role played by Lei Tea.

===Documentary Records===

Apart from legends, many documents also provide strong evidence for the history of Taoyuan Lei Tea. The "Taoyuan County Annals" records: "Lei Tea is made by mixing tea, ginger, sesame, salted rice and dogwood, and drinking it with a mixture of yin and yang water. It is also called Five - Flavor Soup. It is said that Ma Yuan made it to avoid miasma." The "Changde Prefecture Annals" of the Jiajing period records: "Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty once bored a hole in a stone to escape the heat." Du Shaoling in the Tang Dynasty had the poem "Thinking of the Southern Expedition in Wuling", and Bai Letian had the sentence "The old road of General Fubo is still in the wind and smoke". These are all related to the story of Ma Yuan's southern expedition to the Wuxi Man tribes and the route he passed through, indirectly indicating the close connection between Lei Tea and this historical event. From these documentary records, it can be seen that Taoyuan Lei Tea appeared at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been continuously passed down and developed over time, becoming a representative of the unique food culture in the local area.

==Production Process==

===Raw Material Preparation===

The main raw materials for making Taoyuan Lei Tea are raw tea leaves, ginger and raw rice, which are also the core raw materials of the original "Three - Ingredient Soup". Generally, fresh local tea tree leaves are selected as the raw tea leaves. They are rich in ingredients such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, which not only give Lei Tea a unique flavor, but also have the effects of refreshing the mind and relieving heat and summer - heat. Ginger is warm in nature and has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold. It can effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms caused by the inability to adapt to the local conditions or wind - cold. Raw rice can increase the body's heat and provide the necessary energy. In addition, according to personal taste and different types of Lei Tea, fried sesame, peanuts, soybeans and other ingredients may also be added. Sesame is rich in oil and protein, which can add a mellow fragrance to Lei Tea. Peanuts are crispy and delicious, enriching the taste. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, making the nutrition of Lei Tea more comprehensive.

===Tool Selection===

The production of Lei Tea cannot be separated from unique tools. The mortar and pestle are the key among them. The mortar is a kind of earthenware with tooth - shaped patterns on the inner wall, a heavy body, a wide mouth, a constricted belly and a flat bottom. It is shaped like a washbasin, with a diameter generally ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters. Its heavy texture and unique tooth - shaped pattern design enable the raw materials to be better ground and pounded during the pounding process, and it is wear - resistant and not easy to break, which is very suitable for long - time pounding operations. The pestle is mostly made of the wood of the Litsea cubeba tree. The Litsea cubeba tree itself has a special fragrance. During the pounding process, this fragrance will gradually penetrate into the "Lei Tea paste", making the Lei Tea emit a unique and lasting aroma. At the same time, the "paste" pounded with the pestle made of Litsea cubeba wood is not easy to deteriorate or change its taste after being stored for several days, ensuring the quality and taste of Lei Tea.

===Production Steps===

First, soak the raw rice in water to make it swell and soften its texture, which is convenient for pounding. Then, put the swollen raw rice, fresh raw tea leaves, ginger and other required raw materials (such as sesame, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) into the mortar together. Next, hold the pestle with both hands and pound it in a clockwise or counter - clockwise direction, circle by circle, with force. During the pounding process, the force and speed need to be continuously adjusted to ensure that all kinds of raw materials are fully mixed and pounded into a fine paste. This process requires a certain amount of patience and skill. The paste - like substance obtained after pounding is the "Lei Tea paste". Finally, pour boiling water into the "Lei Tea paste" and add an appropriate amount of salt or sugar for seasoning according to personal preference. Thus, a cup of Taoyuan Lei Tea with a fragrant smell and a unique taste is made.

==Types and Characteristics==

===Clear - water Lei Tea===

Clear - water Lei Tea generally does not contain rice, and its production is relatively simple. After pounding the various raw materials except rice into the "Lei Tea paste", it can be directly mixed with boiling water for drinking. Its appearance is clear, and the color of the tea soup is yellow - green, showing a tortoise - spot - like shape. The spots move slightly, just like the floating clouds in the sky. It tastes fragrant and mellow, with the scents of tea, ginger and sesame blending with each other, making it refreshing and pleasant. Due to its light taste, it is suitable for most people to drink. Especially in the hot summer, a cup of clear - water Lei Tea can quickly dispel the summer - heat and make people feel relaxed and happy.

===Paste - like Lei Tea===

The production of paste - like Lei Tea is relatively more complicated. When pounding the "Lei Tea paste", in addition to the regular raw materials, cooked rice also needs to be added, and then raw materials such as tea leaves and soybeans are put in and pounded in sequence. After pounding, put the "paste" into a pot, add water and boil it until it becomes a paste. Its fragrance is more intense, and the taste is sticky, with a stronger sense of fullness. In rural areas, during the busy farming season or when there is a banquet at home, people usually choose to drink paste - like Lei Tea. It can not only meet the energy needs after physical exertion, but also serve as a simple and delicious meal. The mellow taste and rich nutrition of paste - like Lei Tea also make it the first - choice drink for local residents to keep out the cold in winter.

==Cultural Connotation==

===The Way of Treating Guests===

China is a country of etiquette, and the people of Taoyuan are especially warm - hearted and hospitable. Drinking Lei Tea is a long - inherited traditional habit and special custom of the people in Taoyuan. Once there are guests visiting, the host will always carefully prepare a sumptuous Lei Tea banquet to warmly receive them. This is not only a dietary behavior, but also a way to express welcome and respect. At the Lei Tea banquet, the host will fill the table with various delicious "accompanying" snacks, and sit around with the guests, chatting while drinking Lei Tea. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious. This kind of communication way with Lei Tea as the link shortens the distance between people and enhances the affection between each other. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives." This vividly describes the important role of Lei Tea in the social life of the people in Taoyuan.

===A Social Medium===

Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only a good product for entertaining guests at home, but also an important medium for relatives and friends to get together and for neighbors to communicate. In Taoyuan, whether it is during the New Year and festivals, weddings and funerals, or in the leisure time on weekdays, people like to get together to hold Lei Tea parties. Everyone sits around, drinks Lei Tea, and shares the joys and sorrows in life. The deep family affection and friendship are passed on in bowls of Lei Tea. This kind of social way is simple and warm, without too many formalities, but full of the flavor of life and human touch. At the Lei Tea party, people communicate with each other and help each other, forming a harmonious neighborhood relationship and a strong community cohesion.

===Cultural Inheritance===

As an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, Taoyuan Lei Tea carries the local historical and cultural memory of thousands of years. It has witnessed the social changes and local customs of Taoyuan area and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in Taoyuan. From the initial folk remedy for treating diseases to the current daily drink and cultural symbol, Lei Tea has continuously incorporated new elements and connotations in the process of inheritance, but has always maintained its unique production process and cultural heritage. Through the production and drinking of Lei Tea, generation after generation of Taoyuan people have passed down this ancient custom, passing on the wisdom and spirit of their ancestors from generation to generation. At the same time, Lei Tea has also attracted many tourists and scholars to explore the cultural mystery behind it, and has become a beautiful business card to show the culture of Taoyuan.

==Health - promoting Efficacy==

===Cognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine===

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, all kinds of raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea have certain medicinal values. Raw rice is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide sufficient energy for the human body. Ginger is recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" as follows: "Ginger is warm in nature, and it can clear the mind, stop phlegm - cough and vomiting, and is extremely effective in promoting appetite." It has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold, and can be used to treat symptoms such as sudden fainting due to pathogenic qi, vomiting due to stomach - cold, and excessive phlegm - cough due to cold pathogen in the lung. Ginger can also enhance appetite and has the effect of promoting digestion. Its peel can promote diuresis and can be used to treat skin edema. Raw tea leaves are also recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea is bitter in nature and can relieve heat - thirst, clear the head and eyes, and promote digestion." It is suitable for treating symptoms such as summer - heat - thirst, dizziness, indigestion, mental fatigue, drowsiness and dysuria. Sesame has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and blood, and moistening the intestines. Peanuts are rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which are helpful for reducing cholesterol and protecting cardiovascular health. Soybeans are rich in soy isoflavones, which are beneficial for women's health. These raw materials are matched with each other, making Lei Tea have many health - promoting effects such as preventing wind - cold, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and moistening the lungs and strengthening the stomach.

===Modern Medical Research===

Modern medical research also shows that regular drinking of Lei Tea has many benefits for human health. The tea polyphenols in tea have the effects of antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, and can prevent cardiovascular diseases and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The gingerol and shogaol in ginger have the effects of anti - inflammation, analgesia, antioxidation and lipid - lowering. The sesamin and vitamin E in sesame are antioxidant substances, which can delay cell aging and protect liver function. The resveratrol in peanuts has the effects of antioxidation, anti - inflammation and anti - tumor. The soybean protein in soybeans is high - quality plant protein, which is helpful for reducing blood lipid and preventing osteoporosis. In addition, Lei Tea can also help remove the greasiness of food, promote the digestion and absorption of food in the body, and is beneficial for preventing and treating constipation. Clinically, Lei Tea has certain adjuvant treatment and health - care functions for some chronic diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dyspepsia and other digestive tract diseases, as well as cold, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.

==Conclusion==

As a traditional drink with a history of thousands of years, Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only famous for its unique production process, rich types and characteristics, and profound cultural connotation, but also attracts much attention because of its remarkable health - promoting efficacy. It is an indispensable part of the life of the people in Taoyuan, carrying their emotions, memories and cultural inheritance. In modern society, with people's attention to traditional culture and the pursuit of a healthy life, Taoyuan Lei Tea has ushered in new development opportunities. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of Taoyuan Lei Tea, an intangible cultural heritage, deeply explore its cultural and health - promoting values, and through innovative development and publicity promotion, let more people understand and love Taoyuan Lei Tea, so that it can shine more brightly in the new era.

==References==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==Terms and Expressions==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==Questions==

What are the characteristics of the mortar and pestle, the main tools for making Taoyuan Lei Tea? What roles do these characteristics play in the production of Lei Tea?

Describe in detail the complete production steps of Taoyuan Lei Tea from raw material preparation to the finished product.

What are the differences in production methods, appearance, and taste between Clear - water Lei Tea and Paste - like Lei Tea?

Why is Paste - like Lei Tea more suitable for drinking during busy farming seasons or in winter?

How does Taoyuan Lei Tea reflect the warmth and hospitality of the people in Taoyuan in terms of the way of treating guests?

As a social medium, what role does Taoyuan Lei Tea play in the daily life of the people in Taoyuan?

From the perspective of traditional medicine, what are the medicinal values of the main raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea respectively?

Combined with modern medical research, elaborate on the specific benefits of drinking Taoyuan Lei Tea for human health.

==AI Statement==

To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: Qwen(通义千问), Doubao(豆包）.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: "Please give me an article introducing Taoyuan Lei Tea", "Please give me the Chinese translation of this article".

=桃源擂茶=

==摘要==

桃源擂茶，作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着深厚的历史文化底蕴，在民间传承千年。本文通过对桃源擂茶的历史渊源、制作工艺、种类特色、文化内涵及其养生功效等多方面进行深入探究，展现这一独特饮品在桃源地区乃至更大范围内的重要意义，以期为保护和传承这一珍贵的文化遗产提供参考，同时也让更多人了解桃源擂茶丰富的文化价值与养生价值。

==引言==

在湖南常德的饮食文化中，桃源擂茶犹如一颗璀璨明珠，散发着独特魅力。它不仅是一种饮品，更是当地民俗文化的重要载体，深深融入了桃源人民的日常生活，成为他们表达情感、传承历史的独特方式。无论是在亲朋好友相聚的温馨时刻，还是在接待远方来客的热情场合，一碗热气腾腾的擂茶总是必不可少，承载着浓浓的情谊与祝福。

==历史渊源==

===传说溯源===

关于桃源擂茶的起源，流传最广的是东汉时期伏波将军马援的故事。东汉建武25年（公元49年），马援奉汉武帝之命征五溪“蛮”，率兵溯沅水而上。当部队路过乌头村（现今的桃花源）时，因当地气候潮湿、水土不服，众多士兵感染瘴气风寒，病倒无数。在这危急时刻，当地一位老妇献出祖传秘方“三生汤”，即把生米、生姜、生茶叶在擂钵中捣碎，用开水冲兑后让士兵服用。神奇的是，马援命全军饮用后，病疫迅速痊愈，士气大振。从此，“三生汤”能治百病的说法便流传开来，并在当地逐渐演变成一种习俗，也就是如今的桃源擂茶。这一传说在《后汉书•马援列传》中也有相关记载：“会署甚，士卒多疫死，援亦中病，遂困。” 足见当时军队所面临的困境以及擂茶发挥的关键作用。

===文献记载===

除传说外，诸多文献也为桃源擂茶的历史提供了有力佐证。《桃源县志》载：“擂茶，合茶、姜、芝麻、盐米、茱萸，以阴阳水和饮之。一名五味汤，相传马援制以避瘴。” 嘉靖常德府志记载：“汉马援尝穿石窍以避暑。” 唐杜少陵诗有“武陵一曲想南征”，白乐天有“伏波故道风烟在”之句，这些都与马援南征五溪蛮的故事以及经过的路线相关，间接表明了擂茶与这一历史事件的紧密联系。从这些文献记载可以看出，桃源擂茶至少在东汉时期就已出现，并随着时间的推移不断传承发展，成为当地独具特色的饮食文化代表。

==制作工艺==

===原料准备===

制作桃源擂茶的主要原料为生茶叶、生姜、生米，这也是最初“三生汤”的核心原料。生茶叶一般选用当地新鲜的茶树鲜叶，其含有丰富的茶多酚、咖啡碱等成分，不仅赋予擂茶独特的风味，还具有提神醒脑、清热解暑等功效；生姜性温，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可有效缓解因水土不服或风寒引起的不适症状；生米则能增加人体热量，提供必要的能量。此外，根据个人口味和不同的擂茶种类，还会加入炒熟的芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等。芝麻富含油脂和蛋白质，能为擂茶增添醇厚的香味；花生仁香脆可口，丰富了口感；黄豆含有丰富的植物蛋白，使擂茶的营养更加全面。

===工具选择===

擂茶的制作离不开独特的工具，擂钵和擂棒是其中的关键。擂钵是一种内壁有牙纹、钵体厚重、阔口、腹收、平底的陶器，形状似脸盆，直径一般为30 - 50公分。其厚重的质地和独特的牙纹设计，能够使原料在擂制过程中更好地被研磨捣碎，且耐磨不易破碎，非常适合长时间的擂制操作。擂棒则多选用山苍籽树木棒，山苍籽树本身具有一种特殊的芳香，在擂制过程中，这种芳香会逐渐渗透到“擂茶脚子”中，使擂茶散发出独特而持久的香气。同时，由山苍籽树木棒擂成的“脚子”存放数日也不易变质变味，保证了擂茶的品质和口感。

===制作步骤===

首先，将生米用水泡胀，使其质地变软，便于擂制。然后，把泡胀的生米、新鲜的生茶叶、生姜以及其他所需原料（如芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等）一起放入擂钵中。接下来，双手握住擂棒，按照顺时针或逆时针方向，一圈一圈地用力擂捣。在擂制过程中，要不断地调整力度和速度，确保各种原料充分混合并被擂成细腻的浆状，这一过程需要一定的耐心和技巧。擂制完成后得到的浆状物，就是“擂茶脚子”。最后，将“擂茶脚子”用开水冲泡，根据个人喜好加入适量的盐或者糖进行调味，一杯香气扑鼻、口感独特的桃源擂茶就制作完成了。

==种类特色==

===清水擂茶===

清水擂茶一般不放大米，制作相对简单。将除大米外的各种原料擂制成“擂茶脚子”后，直接用开水冲兑即可饮用。其外观清澈，茶汤颜色黄绿，呈龟斑状，斑状微动，恰似天上飘浮的云朵。喝起来口味香醇，茶香、姜香、芝麻香等相互交融，清爽宜人。由于其口感清淡，适合大多数人饮用，尤其是在炎热的夏季，一杯清水擂茶能够迅速驱散暑气，让人感到心旷神怡。

===糊糊擂茶===

糊糊擂茶的制作则相对复杂一些。在擂制“擂茶脚子”时，除了常规原料外，还需加入熟大米，然后依次放入茶叶、黄豆等原料进行擂捣。擂好后，将“脚子”放入锅内加水煮制，煮成糊状方可。其香味更加浓郁，口感粘稠，具有更强的饱腹感。在农村地区，农忙时节或家里开办宴会时，人们通常会选择喝糊糊擂茶，既能满足体力消耗后的能量需求，又能作为一顿简单而美味的餐食。糊糊擂茶的醇厚口感和丰富营养，也使其成为当地居民冬季驱寒保暖的首选饮品。

==文化内涵==

===待客之道===

中国是礼仪之邦，桃源人更是热情好客，喝擂茶是桃源人传承已久的传统习惯和特殊风俗。家中一旦有客人来访，主人总会精心准备一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情款待。这不仅是一种饮食行为，更是一种表达欢迎和尊重的方式。在擂茶宴上，主人会将各种美味的“压桌”小吃摆满一桌，与客人围坐在一起，边喝擂茶边聊天，气氛温馨融洽。这种以擂茶为纽带的交流方式，拉近了人与人之间的距离，增进了彼此的感情。正如俗语所说：“走东家，跑西家，喝擂茶，打哈哈，来来往往结亲家”，生动地描绘了擂茶在桃源人社交生活中的重要作用。

===社交媒介===

桃源擂茶不仅是家庭待客的佳品，也是亲朋好友相聚、左邻右舍交流的重要媒介。在桃源，无论是逢年过节、婚丧嫁娶，还是平日里的闲暇时光，人们都喜欢聚在一起举办擂茶会。大家围坐一堂，喝着擂茶，分享着生活中的喜怒哀乐，浓浓的亲情和友情在一碗碗擂茶中传递。这种社交方式既简单又温馨，没有过多的繁文缛节，却充满了生活的气息和人情味。在擂茶会上，人们相互交流、相互帮助，形成了和谐的邻里关系和紧密的社区凝聚力。

===文化传承===

桃源擂茶作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着当地千年的历史文化记忆。它见证了桃源地区的社会变迁、风土人情，是桃源人民智慧的结晶。从最初的治病良方到如今的日常饮品和文化象征，擂茶在传承过程中不断融入新的元素和内涵，但始终保持着其独特的制作工艺和文化底蕴。通过制作和饮用擂茶，一代又一代的桃源人传承着这一古老的习俗，将先辈们的智慧和精神代代相传。同时，擂茶也吸引了众多游客和学者前来探寻其背后的文化奥秘，成为展示桃源文化的一张亮丽名片。

==养生功效==

===传统医学认知===

从传统医学的角度来看，桃源擂茶的各种原料都具有一定的药用价值。生米富含碳水化合物，能够为人体提供充足的能量。生姜在《本草纲目》中被记载：“生姜性温，通畅神明，痰嗽呕吐，开胃极灵”，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可用于治疗中恶气病突然昏倒、胃寒的呕吐以及肺有寒邪的痰多咳嗽等症状。生姜还能增进食欲，有开胃之功效，其皮能行水，可治皮肤水肿。生茶叶在《本草纲目》中也有记载：“茶茗性苦，热渴能济，上清头目，下消食气”，适用于署热烦渴、头目眩晕、食积不消、精神疲倦、嗜睡及小便不利等症。芝麻具有补肝肾、益精血、润肠燥的功效；花生仁富含蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸，有助于降低胆固醇、保护心血管健康；黄豆含有丰富的大豆异黄酮，对女性健康有益。这些原料相互搭配，使得擂茶具有防风祛寒、清肝明目、润肺健胃等多种养生功效。

===现代医学研究===

现代医学研究也表明，经常饮用擂茶对人体健康有着诸多益处。茶叶中的茶多酚具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒等作用，能够预防心血管疾病、抑制肿瘤细胞生长。生姜中的姜辣素和姜烯酚等成分，具有抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化、降血脂等功效。芝麻中的芝麻素和维生素E等抗氧化物质，能够延缓细胞衰老、保护肝脏功能。花生仁中的白藜芦醇具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等作用。黄豆中的大豆蛋白是优质植物蛋白，有助于降低血脂、预防骨质疏松。此外，擂茶还能帮助祛除食物中的油腻感，促进食物在体内的消化吸收，有利于预防和治疗便秘。在临床中，擂茶对一些慢性疾病，如慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、消化不良等消化道疾病，以及感冒、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾病都有一定的辅助治疗和保健功能。

==结语==

桃源擂茶作为一种具有千年历史的传统饮品，不仅以其独特的制作工艺、丰富的种类特色和浓郁的文化内涵而闻名，更因其显著的养生功效而备受关注。它是桃源人民生活中不可或缺的一部分，承载着他们的情感、记忆和文化传承。在现代社会，随着人们对传统文化的重视和对健康生活的追求，桃源擂茶迎来了新的发展机遇。我们应当加强对桃源擂茶这一非物质文化遗产的保护和传承，深入挖掘其文化价值和养生价值，通过创新发展和宣传推广，让更多的人了解和喜爱桃源擂茶，使其在新时代焕发出更加耀眼的光芒。
制作桃源擂茶的主要工具擂钵和擂棒有何特点？这些特点对擂茶制作有什么作用？

==参考文献==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==生词表==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==问题==

详细描述桃源擂茶从原料准备到成品的完整制作步骤是怎样的？

汉清水擂茶和糊糊擂茶在制作方法、外观和口感上分别有哪些不同？

为什么糊糊擂茶更适合农忙时节或冬季饮用？

桃源擂茶在待客之道方面是如何体现桃源人民热情好客的？

桃源擂茶作为社交媒介，在桃源人的日常生活中发挥着怎样的作用？

从传统医学角度，桃源擂茶的各主要原料分别具有哪些药用价值？

结合现代医学研究，阐述饮用桃源擂茶对人体健康的具体益处有哪些？

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-06T04:48:57Z

Gong Wei:

=Taoyuan Lei Tea=

==Abstract==

Taoyuan Lei Tea, as an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, carries a profound historical and cultural heritage and has been passed down among the people for thousands of years. Through an in - depth exploration of the historical origin, production process, types and characteristics, cultural connotation and health - promoting efficacy of Taoyuan Lei Tea, this article demonstrates the important significance of this unique drink in Taoyuan area and even in a wider range, in order to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of this precious cultural heritage, and also to let more people understand the rich cultural and health - promoting values of Taoyuan Lei Tea.

==Introduction==

In the food culture of Changde, Hunan, Taoyuan Lei Tea is like a bright pearl, exuding a unique charm. It is not only a kind of drink, but also an important carrier of the local folk culture, deeply integrated into the daily life of the people in Taoyuan, and has become a unique way for them to express their emotions and inherit history. Whether it is a warm moment when relatives and friends get together or a warm occasion to receive distant guests, a bowl of steaming Lei Tea is always essential, carrying deep affection and blessings.

==Historical Origin==

===Legendary Origin===

The most widely spread story about the origin of Taoyuan Lei Tea is related to General Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (49 AD), Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wu of Han to conquer the "Man" tribes in Wuxi. He led his troops to sail up the Yuan River. When the troops passed by Wutou Village (now Taohuayuan), due to the humid climate and the soldiers' inability to adapt to the local conditions, many soldiers were infected with miasma and cold, and countless of them fell ill. At this critical moment, an old woman in the local area presented a family - heirloom secret recipe, the "Three - Ingredient Soup", which was made by pounding raw rice, ginger and raw tea leaves in a mortar and then mixing them with boiling water for the soldiers to drink. Miraculously, after Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, the epidemic was quickly cured and the soldiers' morale was greatly boosted. Since then, the story that the "Three - Ingredient Soup" could cure all kinds of diseases has spread, and it has gradually become a custom in the local area, which is now Taoyuan Lei Tea. This legend is also recorded in "Biography of Ma Yuan" in "History of the Later Han Dynasty": "It happened to be very hot, and many soldiers died of the epidemic. Ma Yuan also fell ill and was trapped." This fully shows the difficult situation the army faced at that time and the crucial role played by Lei Tea.

===Documentary Records===

Apart from legends, many documents also provide strong evidence for the history of Taoyuan Lei Tea. The "Taoyuan County Annals" records: "Lei Tea is made by mixing tea, ginger, sesame, salted rice and dogwood, and drinking it with a mixture of yin and yang water. It is also called Five - Flavor Soup. It is said that Ma Yuan made it to avoid miasma." The "Changde Prefecture Annals" of the Jiajing period records: "Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty once bored a hole in a stone to escape the heat." Du Shaoling in the Tang Dynasty had the poem "Thinking of the Southern Expedition in Wuling", and Bai Letian had the sentence "The old road of General Fubo is still in the wind and smoke". These are all related to the story of Ma Yuan's southern expedition to the Wuxi Man tribes and the route he passed through, indirectly indicating the close connection between Lei Tea and this historical event. From these documentary records, it can be seen that Taoyuan Lei Tea appeared at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been continuously passed down and developed over time, becoming a representative of the unique food culture in the local area.

==Production Process==

===Raw Material Preparation===

The main raw materials for making Taoyuan Lei Tea are raw tea leaves, ginger and raw rice, which are also the core raw materials of the original "Three - Ingredient Soup". Generally, fresh local tea tree leaves are selected as the raw tea leaves. They are rich in ingredients such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, which not only give Lei Tea a unique flavor, but also have the effects of refreshing the mind and relieving heat and summer - heat. Ginger is warm in nature and has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold. It can effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms caused by the inability to adapt to the local conditions or wind - cold. Raw rice can increase the body's heat and provide the necessary energy. In addition, according to personal taste and different types of Lei Tea, fried sesame, peanuts, soybeans and other ingredients may also be added. Sesame is rich in oil and protein, which can add a mellow fragrance to Lei Tea. Peanuts are crispy and delicious, enriching the taste. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, making the nutrition of Lei Tea more comprehensive.

===Tool Selection===

The production of Lei Tea cannot be separated from unique tools. The mortar and pestle are the key among them. The mortar is a kind of earthenware with tooth - shaped patterns on the inner wall, a heavy body, a wide mouth, a constricted belly and a flat bottom. It is shaped like a washbasin, with a diameter generally ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters. Its heavy texture and unique tooth - shaped pattern design enable the raw materials to be better ground and pounded during the pounding process, and it is wear - resistant and not easy to break, which is very suitable for long - time pounding operations. The pestle is mostly made of the wood of the Litsea cubeba tree. The Litsea cubeba tree itself has a special fragrance. During the pounding process, this fragrance will gradually penetrate into the "Lei Tea paste", making the Lei Tea emit a unique and lasting aroma. At the same time, the "paste" pounded with the pestle made of Litsea cubeba wood is not easy to deteriorate or change its taste after being stored for several days, ensuring the quality and taste of Lei Tea.

===Production Steps===

First, soak the raw rice in water to make it swell and soften its texture, which is convenient for pounding. Then, put the swollen raw rice, fresh raw tea leaves, ginger and other required raw materials (such as sesame, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) into the mortar together. Next, hold the pestle with both hands and pound it in a clockwise or counter - clockwise direction, circle by circle, with force. During the pounding process, the force and speed need to be continuously adjusted to ensure that all kinds of raw materials are fully mixed and pounded into a fine paste. This process requires a certain amount of patience and skill. The paste - like substance obtained after pounding is the "Lei Tea paste". Finally, pour boiling water into the "Lei Tea paste" and add an appropriate amount of salt or sugar for seasoning according to personal preference. Thus, a cup of Taoyuan Lei Tea with a fragrant smell and a unique taste is made.

==Types and Characteristics==

===Clear - water Lei Tea===

Clear - water Lei Tea generally does not contain rice, and its production is relatively simple. After pounding the various raw materials except rice into the "Lei Tea paste", it can be directly mixed with boiling water for drinking. Its appearance is clear, and the color of the tea soup is yellow - green, showing a tortoise - spot - like shape. The spots move slightly, just like the floating clouds in the sky. It tastes fragrant and mellow, with the scents of tea, ginger and sesame blending with each other, making it refreshing and pleasant. Due to its light taste, it is suitable for most people to drink. Especially in the hot summer, a cup of clear - water Lei Tea can quickly dispel the summer - heat and make people feel relaxed and happy.

===Paste - like Lei Tea===

The production of paste - like Lei Tea is relatively more complicated. When pounding the "Lei Tea paste", in addition to the regular raw materials, cooked rice also needs to be added, and then raw materials such as tea leaves and soybeans are put in and pounded in sequence. After pounding, put the "paste" into a pot, add water and boil it until it becomes a paste. Its fragrance is more intense, and the taste is sticky, with a stronger sense of fullness. In rural areas, during the busy farming season or when there is a banquet at home, people usually choose to drink paste - like Lei Tea. It can not only meet the energy needs after physical exertion, but also serve as a simple and delicious meal. The mellow taste and rich nutrition of paste - like Lei Tea also make it the first - choice drink for local residents to keep out the cold in winter.

==Cultural Connotation==

===The Way of Treating Guests===

China is a country of etiquette, and the people of Taoyuan are especially warm - hearted and hospitable. Drinking Lei Tea is a long - inherited traditional habit and special custom of the people in Taoyuan. Once there are guests visiting, the host will always carefully prepare a sumptuous Lei Tea banquet to warmly receive them. This is not only a dietary behavior, but also a way to express welcome and respect. At the Lei Tea banquet, the host will fill the table with various delicious "accompanying" snacks, and sit around with the guests, chatting while drinking Lei Tea. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious. This kind of communication way with Lei Tea as the link shortens the distance between people and enhances the affection between each other. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives." This vividly describes the important role of Lei Tea in the social life of the people in Taoyuan.

===A Social Medium===

Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only a good product for entertaining guests at home, but also an important medium for relatives and friends to get together and for neighbors to communicate. In Taoyuan, whether it is during the New Year and festivals, weddings and funerals, or in the leisure time on weekdays, people like to get together to hold Lei Tea parties. Everyone sits around, drinks Lei Tea, and shares the joys and sorrows in life. The deep family affection and friendship are passed on in bowls of Lei Tea. This kind of social way is simple and warm, without too many formalities, but full of the flavor of life and human touch. At the Lei Tea party, people communicate with each other and help each other, forming a harmonious neighborhood relationship and a strong community cohesion.

===Cultural Inheritance===

As an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, Taoyuan Lei Tea carries the local historical and cultural memory of thousands of years. It has witnessed the social changes and local customs of Taoyuan area and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in Taoyuan. From the initial folk remedy for treating diseases to the current daily drink and cultural symbol, Lei Tea has continuously incorporated new elements and connotations in the process of inheritance, but has always maintained its unique production process and cultural heritage. Through the production and drinking of Lei Tea, generation after generation of Taoyuan people have passed down this ancient custom, passing on the wisdom and spirit of their ancestors from generation to generation. At the same time, Lei Tea has also attracted many tourists and scholars to explore the cultural mystery behind it, and has become a beautiful business card to show the culture of Taoyuan.

==Health - promoting Efficacy==

===Cognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine===

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, all kinds of raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea have certain medicinal values. Raw rice is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide sufficient energy for the human body. Ginger is recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" as follows: "Ginger is warm in nature, and it can clear the mind, stop phlegm - cough and vomiting, and is extremely effective in promoting appetite." It has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold, and can be used to treat symptoms such as sudden fainting due to pathogenic qi, vomiting due to stomach - cold, and excessive phlegm - cough due to cold pathogen in the lung. Ginger can also enhance appetite and has the effect of promoting digestion. Its peel can promote diuresis and can be used to treat skin edema. Raw tea leaves are also recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea is bitter in nature and can relieve heat - thirst, clear the head and eyes, and promote digestion." It is suitable for treating symptoms such as summer - heat - thirst, dizziness, indigestion, mental fatigue, drowsiness and dysuria. Sesame has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and blood, and moistening the intestines. Peanuts are rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which are helpful for reducing cholesterol and protecting cardiovascular health. Soybeans are rich in soy isoflavones, which are beneficial for women's health. These raw materials are matched with each other, making Lei Tea have many health - promoting effects such as preventing wind - cold, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and moistening the lungs and strengthening the stomach.

===Modern Medical Research===

Modern medical research also shows that regular drinking of Lei Tea has many benefits for human health. The tea polyphenols in tea have the effects of antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, and can prevent cardiovascular diseases and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The gingerol and shogaol in ginger have the effects of anti - inflammation, analgesia, antioxidation and lipid - lowering. The sesamin and vitamin E in sesame are antioxidant substances, which can delay cell aging and protect liver function. The resveratrol in peanuts has the effects of antioxidation, anti - inflammation and anti - tumor. The soybean protein in soybeans is high - quality plant protein, which is helpful for reducing blood lipid and preventing osteoporosis. In addition, Lei Tea can also help remove the greasiness of food, promote the digestion and absorption of food in the body, and is beneficial for preventing and treating constipation. Clinically, Lei Tea has certain adjuvant treatment and health - care functions for some chronic diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dyspepsia and other digestive tract diseases, as well as cold, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.

==Conclusion==

As a traditional drink with a history of thousands of years, Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only famous for its unique production process, rich types and characteristics, and profound cultural connotation, but also attracts much attention because of its remarkable health - promoting efficacy. It is an indispensable part of the life of the people in Taoyuan, carrying their emotions, memories and cultural inheritance. In modern society, with people's attention to traditional culture and the pursuit of a healthy life, Taoyuan Lei Tea has ushered in new development opportunities. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of Taoyuan Lei Tea, an intangible cultural heritage, deeply explore its cultural and health - promoting values, and through innovative development and publicity promotion, let more people understand and love Taoyuan Lei Tea, so that it can shine more brightly in the new era.

==References==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==Terms and Expressions==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==Questions==

What are the characteristics of the mortar and pestle, the main tools for making Taoyuan Lei Tea? What roles do these characteristics play in the production of Lei Tea?

Describe in detail the complete production steps of Taoyuan Lei Tea from raw material preparation to the finished product.

What are the differences in production methods, appearance, and taste between Clear - water Lei Tea and Paste - like Lei Tea?

Why is Paste - like Lei Tea more suitable for drinking during busy farming seasons or in winter?

How does Taoyuan Lei Tea reflect the warmth and hospitality of the people in Taoyuan in terms of the way of treating guests?

As a social medium, what role does Taoyuan Lei Tea play in the daily life of the people in Taoyuan?

From the perspective of traditional medicine, what are the medicinal values of the main raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea respectively?

Combined with modern medical research, elaborate on the specific benefits of drinking Taoyuan Lei Tea for human health.

=桃源擂茶=

==摘要==

桃源擂茶，作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着深厚的历史文化底蕴，在民间传承千年。本文通过对桃源擂茶的历史渊源、制作工艺、种类特色、文化内涵及其养生功效等多方面进行深入探究，展现这一独特饮品在桃源地区乃至更大范围内的重要意义，以期为保护和传承这一珍贵的文化遗产提供参考，同时也让更多人了解桃源擂茶丰富的文化价值与养生价值。

==引言==

在湖南常德的饮食文化中，桃源擂茶犹如一颗璀璨明珠，散发着独特魅力。它不仅是一种饮品，更是当地民俗文化的重要载体，深深融入了桃源人民的日常生活，成为他们表达情感、传承历史的独特方式。无论是在亲朋好友相聚的温馨时刻，还是在接待远方来客的热情场合，一碗热气腾腾的擂茶总是必不可少，承载着浓浓的情谊与祝福。

==历史渊源==

===传说溯源===

关于桃源擂茶的起源，流传最广的是东汉时期伏波将军马援的故事。东汉建武25年（公元49年），马援奉汉武帝之命征五溪“蛮”，率兵溯沅水而上。当部队路过乌头村（现今的桃花源）时，因当地气候潮湿、水土不服，众多士兵感染瘴气风寒，病倒无数。在这危急时刻，当地一位老妇献出祖传秘方“三生汤”，即把生米、生姜、生茶叶在擂钵中捣碎，用开水冲兑后让士兵服用。神奇的是，马援命全军饮用后，病疫迅速痊愈，士气大振。从此，“三生汤”能治百病的说法便流传开来，并在当地逐渐演变成一种习俗，也就是如今的桃源擂茶。这一传说在《后汉书•马援列传》中也有相关记载：“会署甚，士卒多疫死，援亦中病，遂困。” 足见当时军队所面临的困境以及擂茶发挥的关键作用。

===文献记载===

除传说外，诸多文献也为桃源擂茶的历史提供了有力佐证。《桃源县志》载：“擂茶，合茶、姜、芝麻、盐米、茱萸，以阴阳水和饮之。一名五味汤，相传马援制以避瘴。” 嘉靖常德府志记载：“汉马援尝穿石窍以避暑。” 唐杜少陵诗有“武陵一曲想南征”，白乐天有“伏波故道风烟在”之句，这些都与马援南征五溪蛮的故事以及经过的路线相关，间接表明了擂茶与这一历史事件的紧密联系。从这些文献记载可以看出，桃源擂茶至少在东汉时期就已出现，并随着时间的推移不断传承发展，成为当地独具特色的饮食文化代表。

==制作工艺==

===原料准备===

制作桃源擂茶的主要原料为生茶叶、生姜、生米，这也是最初“三生汤”的核心原料。生茶叶一般选用当地新鲜的茶树鲜叶，其含有丰富的茶多酚、咖啡碱等成分，不仅赋予擂茶独特的风味，还具有提神醒脑、清热解暑等功效；生姜性温，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可有效缓解因水土不服或风寒引起的不适症状；生米则能增加人体热量，提供必要的能量。此外，根据个人口味和不同的擂茶种类，还会加入炒熟的芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等。芝麻富含油脂和蛋白质，能为擂茶增添醇厚的香味；花生仁香脆可口，丰富了口感；黄豆含有丰富的植物蛋白，使擂茶的营养更加全面。

===工具选择===

擂茶的制作离不开独特的工具，擂钵和擂棒是其中的关键。擂钵是一种内壁有牙纹、钵体厚重、阔口、腹收、平底的陶器，形状似脸盆，直径一般为30 - 50公分。其厚重的质地和独特的牙纹设计，能够使原料在擂制过程中更好地被研磨捣碎，且耐磨不易破碎，非常适合长时间的擂制操作。擂棒则多选用山苍籽树木棒，山苍籽树本身具有一种特殊的芳香，在擂制过程中，这种芳香会逐渐渗透到“擂茶脚子”中，使擂茶散发出独特而持久的香气。同时，由山苍籽树木棒擂成的“脚子”存放数日也不易变质变味，保证了擂茶的品质和口感。

===制作步骤===

首先，将生米用水泡胀，使其质地变软，便于擂制。然后，把泡胀的生米、新鲜的生茶叶、生姜以及其他所需原料（如芝麻、花生仁、黄豆等）一起放入擂钵中。接下来，双手握住擂棒，按照顺时针或逆时针方向，一圈一圈地用力擂捣。在擂制过程中，要不断地调整力度和速度，确保各种原料充分混合并被擂成细腻的浆状，这一过程需要一定的耐心和技巧。擂制完成后得到的浆状物，就是“擂茶脚子”。最后，将“擂茶脚子”用开水冲泡，根据个人喜好加入适量的盐或者糖进行调味，一杯香气扑鼻、口感独特的桃源擂茶就制作完成了。

==种类特色==

===清水擂茶===

清水擂茶一般不放大米，制作相对简单。将除大米外的各种原料擂制成“擂茶脚子”后，直接用开水冲兑即可饮用。其外观清澈，茶汤颜色黄绿，呈龟斑状，斑状微动，恰似天上飘浮的云朵。喝起来口味香醇，茶香、姜香、芝麻香等相互交融，清爽宜人。由于其口感清淡，适合大多数人饮用，尤其是在炎热的夏季，一杯清水擂茶能够迅速驱散暑气，让人感到心旷神怡。

===糊糊擂茶===

糊糊擂茶的制作则相对复杂一些。在擂制“擂茶脚子”时，除了常规原料外，还需加入熟大米，然后依次放入茶叶、黄豆等原料进行擂捣。擂好后，将“脚子”放入锅内加水煮制，煮成糊状方可。其香味更加浓郁，口感粘稠，具有更强的饱腹感。在农村地区，农忙时节或家里开办宴会时，人们通常会选择喝糊糊擂茶，既能满足体力消耗后的能量需求，又能作为一顿简单而美味的餐食。糊糊擂茶的醇厚口感和丰富营养，也使其成为当地居民冬季驱寒保暖的首选饮品。

==文化内涵==

===待客之道===

中国是礼仪之邦，桃源人更是热情好客，喝擂茶是桃源人传承已久的传统习惯和特殊风俗。家中一旦有客人来访，主人总会精心准备一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情款待。这不仅是一种饮食行为，更是一种表达欢迎和尊重的方式。在擂茶宴上，主人会将各种美味的“压桌”小吃摆满一桌，与客人围坐在一起，边喝擂茶边聊天，气氛温馨融洽。这种以擂茶为纽带的交流方式，拉近了人与人之间的距离，增进了彼此的感情。正如俗语所说：“走东家，跑西家，喝擂茶，打哈哈，来来往往结亲家”，生动地描绘了擂茶在桃源人社交生活中的重要作用。

===社交媒介===

桃源擂茶不仅是家庭待客的佳品，也是亲朋好友相聚、左邻右舍交流的重要媒介。在桃源，无论是逢年过节、婚丧嫁娶，还是平日里的闲暇时光，人们都喜欢聚在一起举办擂茶会。大家围坐一堂，喝着擂茶，分享着生活中的喜怒哀乐，浓浓的亲情和友情在一碗碗擂茶中传递。这种社交方式既简单又温馨，没有过多的繁文缛节，却充满了生活的气息和人情味。在擂茶会上，人们相互交流、相互帮助，形成了和谐的邻里关系和紧密的社区凝聚力。

===文化传承===

桃源擂茶作为湖南省非物质文化遗产，承载着当地千年的历史文化记忆。它见证了桃源地区的社会变迁、风土人情，是桃源人民智慧的结晶。从最初的治病良方到如今的日常饮品和文化象征，擂茶在传承过程中不断融入新的元素和内涵，但始终保持着其独特的制作工艺和文化底蕴。通过制作和饮用擂茶，一代又一代的桃源人传承着这一古老的习俗，将先辈们的智慧和精神代代相传。同时，擂茶也吸引了众多游客和学者前来探寻其背后的文化奥秘，成为展示桃源文化的一张亮丽名片。

==养生功效==

===传统医学认知===

从传统医学的角度来看，桃源擂茶的各种原料都具有一定的药用价值。生米富含碳水化合物，能够为人体提供充足的能量。生姜在《本草纲目》中被记载：“生姜性温，通畅神明，痰嗽呕吐，开胃极灵”，具有醒神止呕、散风寒的作用，可用于治疗中恶气病突然昏倒、胃寒的呕吐以及肺有寒邪的痰多咳嗽等症状。生姜还能增进食欲，有开胃之功效，其皮能行水，可治皮肤水肿。生茶叶在《本草纲目》中也有记载：“茶茗性苦，热渴能济，上清头目，下消食气”，适用于署热烦渴、头目眩晕、食积不消、精神疲倦、嗜睡及小便不利等症。芝麻具有补肝肾、益精血、润肠燥的功效；花生仁富含蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸，有助于降低胆固醇、保护心血管健康；黄豆含有丰富的大豆异黄酮，对女性健康有益。这些原料相互搭配，使得擂茶具有防风祛寒、清肝明目、润肺健胃等多种养生功效。

===现代医学研究===

现代医学研究也表明，经常饮用擂茶对人体健康有着诸多益处。茶叶中的茶多酚具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒等作用，能够预防心血管疾病、抑制肿瘤细胞生长。生姜中的姜辣素和姜烯酚等成分，具有抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化、降血脂等功效。芝麻中的芝麻素和维生素E等抗氧化物质，能够延缓细胞衰老、保护肝脏功能。花生仁中的白藜芦醇具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等作用。黄豆中的大豆蛋白是优质植物蛋白，有助于降低血脂、预防骨质疏松。此外，擂茶还能帮助祛除食物中的油腻感，促进食物在体内的消化吸收，有利于预防和治疗便秘。在临床中，擂茶对一些慢性疾病，如慢性胃炎、胃溃疡、消化不良等消化道疾病，以及感冒、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾病都有一定的辅助治疗和保健功能。

==结语==

桃源擂茶作为一种具有千年历史的传统饮品，不仅以其独特的制作工艺、丰富的种类特色和浓郁的文化内涵而闻名，更因其显著的养生功效而备受关注。它是桃源人民生活中不可或缺的一部分，承载着他们的情感、记忆和文化传承。在现代社会，随着人们对传统文化的重视和对健康生活的追求，桃源擂茶迎来了新的发展机遇。我们应当加强对桃源擂茶这一非物质文化遗产的保护和传承，深入挖掘其文化价值和养生价值，通过创新发展和宣传推广，让更多的人了解和喜爱桃源擂茶，使其在新时代焕发出更加耀眼的光芒。
制作桃源擂茶的主要工具擂钵和擂棒有何特点？这些特点对擂茶制作有什么作用？

==参考文献==
[1]常德市人民政府. 擂茶文化[EB/OL].(2025-05-22) [2025-06-06] https://www.changde.gov.cn/lccd/whcd/lsms/content_1010869?push_animated=1&show_loading=0&webview_progress_bar=1
[2]U途文化网. 擂茶习俗[EB/OL]. [2025-06-06] http://www.chinaquhua.cn/culture/40/leichaxisu.html?push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[3]今日头条. 常德桃源擂茶，传承千年的养生饮品[EB/OL].(2025-05-15)[2025-06-06] https://m.toutiao.com/article/7504600803412312585/?upstream_biz=doubao&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1&show_loading=0
[4]光明网. 桃花山顶品擂茶[EB/OL]. (1999-07-05) [2025-06-06] https://www.gmw.cn/01shsb/1999-07/05/GB/1030%5ESH12-506.htm?show_loading=0&push_animated=1&webview_progress_bar=1
[5]胡强盛. 湖南桃源的擂茶茶俗[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报. （2008-02-29）[2025-06-06]
[6]朱海燕，王秀萍，刘仲华. 湖南擂茶文化资源探究[J]. 中国茶叶. (2006-07-03)[2025-06-06]
[7]陈希，王泰. 擂茶的起源及传说[J].农业考古. （1992-02）[2025-06-06]

==生词表==
文化内涵 Cultural Connotation
三生汤 Three-Ingredient Soup
瘴气风寒 Miasma and Cold
擂钵 Mortar (for pounding tea)
擂茶脚子 Lei Tea Paste (ground mixture of ingredients)
牙纹 Tooth-shaped Patterns (on mortar inner wall)
山苍籽树 Litsea cubeba Tree
茶多酚 Tea Polyphenols
咖啡碱 Caffeine
清水擂茶 Clear-water Lei Tea
糊糊擂茶 Paste-like Lei Tea
压桌小吃 Accompanying Snacks (for Lei Tea)
常德府志 Changde Prefecture Annals
桃源县志 Taoyuan County Annals

==问题==

详细描述桃源擂茶从原料准备到成品的完整制作步骤是怎样的？

汉清水擂茶和糊糊擂茶在制作方法、外观和口感上分别有哪些不同？

为什么糊糊擂茶更适合农忙时节或冬季饮用？

桃源擂茶在待客之道方面是如何体现桃源人民热情好客的？

桃源擂茶作为社交媒介，在桃源人的日常生活中发挥着怎样的作用？

从传统医学角度，桃源擂茶的各主要原料分别具有哪些药用价值？

结合现代医学研究，阐述饮用桃源擂茶对人体健康的具体益处有哪些？

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-06T04:42:40Z

Gong Wei:

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-06T03:55:32Z

Gong Wei:

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-06T02:34:00Z

Gong Wei:

Taoyuan Lei Tea: A Cultural Treasure and Health - promoting Drink with a Millennium - long Inheritance

=Abstract=

Taoyuan Lei Tea, as an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, carries a profound historical and cultural heritage and has been passed down among the people for thousands of years. Through an in - depth exploration of the historical origin, production process, types and characteristics, cultural connotation and health - promoting efficacy of Taoyuan Lei Tea, this article demonstrates the important significance of this unique drink in Taoyuan area and even in a wider range, in order to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of this precious cultural heritage, and also to let more people understand the rich cultural and health - promoting values of Taoyuan Lei Tea.

=Introduction=

In the food culture of Changde, Hunan, Taoyuan Lei Tea is like a bright pearl, exuding a unique charm. It is not only a kind of drink, but also an important carrier of the local folk culture, deeply integrated into the daily life of the people in Taoyuan, and has become a unique way for them to express their emotions and inherit history. Whether it is a warm moment when relatives and friends get together or a warm occasion to receive distant guests, a bowl of steaming Lei Tea is always essential, carrying deep affection and blessings.

=Historical Origin=

==Legendary Origin==

The most widely spread story about the origin of Taoyuan Lei Tea is related to General Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (49 AD), Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wu of Han to conquer the "Man" tribes in Wuxi. He led his troops to sail up the Yuan River. When the troops passed by Wutou Village (now Taohuayuan), due to the humid climate and the soldiers' inability to adapt to the local conditions, many soldiers were infected with miasma and cold, and countless of them fell ill. At this critical moment, an old woman in the local area presented a family - heirloom secret recipe, the "Three - Ingredient Soup", which was made by pounding raw rice, ginger and raw tea leaves in a mortar and then mixing them with boiling water for the soldiers to drink. Miraculously, after Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, the epidemic was quickly cured and the soldiers' morale was greatly boosted. Since then, the story that the "Three - Ingredient Soup" could cure all kinds of diseases has spread, and it has gradually become a custom in the local area, which is now Taoyuan Lei Tea. This legend is also recorded in "Biography of Ma Yuan" in "History of the Later Han Dynasty": "It happened to be very hot, and many soldiers died of the epidemic. Ma Yuan also fell ill and was trapped." This fully shows the difficult situation the army faced at that time and the crucial role played by Lei Tea.

==Documentary Records==

Apart from legends, many documents also provide strong evidence for the history of Taoyuan Lei Tea. The "Taoyuan County Annals" records: "Lei Tea is made by mixing tea, ginger, sesame, salted rice and dogwood, and drinking it with a mixture of yin and yang water. It is also called Five - Flavor Soup. It is said that Ma Yuan made it to avoid miasma." The "Changde Prefecture Annals" of the Jiajing period records: "Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty once bored a hole in a stone to escape the heat." Du Shaoling in the Tang Dynasty had the poem "Thinking of the Southern Expedition in Wuling", and Bai Letian had the sentence "The old road of General Fubo is still in the wind and smoke". These are all related to the story of Ma Yuan's southern expedition to the Wuxi Man tribes and the route he passed through, indirectly indicating the close connection between Lei Tea and this historical event. From these documentary records, it can be seen that Taoyuan Lei Tea appeared at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been continuously passed down and developed over time, becoming a representative of the unique food culture in the local area.

=Production Process=

==Raw Material Preparation==

The main raw materials for making Taoyuan Lei Tea are raw tea leaves, ginger and raw rice, which are also the core raw materials of the original "Three - Ingredient Soup". Generally, fresh local tea tree leaves are selected as the raw tea leaves. They are rich in ingredients such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, which not only give Lei Tea a unique flavor, but also have the effects of refreshing the mind and relieving heat and summer - heat. Ginger is warm in nature and has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold. It can effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms caused by the inability to adapt to the local conditions or wind - cold. Raw rice can increase the body's heat and provide the necessary energy. In addition, according to personal taste and different types of Lei Tea, fried sesame, peanuts, soybeans and other ingredients may also be added. Sesame is rich in oil and protein, which can add a mellow fragrance to Lei Tea. Peanuts are crispy and delicious, enriching the taste. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, making the nutrition of Lei Tea more comprehensive.

==Tool Selection==

The production of Lei Tea cannot be separated from unique tools. The mortar and pestle are the key among them. The mortar is a kind of earthenware with tooth - shaped patterns on the inner wall, a heavy body, a wide mouth, a constricted belly and a flat bottom. It is shaped like a washbasin, with a diameter generally ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters. Its heavy texture and unique tooth - shaped pattern design enable the raw materials to be better ground and pounded during the pounding process, and it is wear - resistant and not easy to break, which is very suitable for long - time pounding operations. The pestle is mostly made of the wood of the Litsea cubeba tree. The Litsea cubeba tree itself has a special fragrance. During the pounding process, this fragrance will gradually penetrate into the "Lei Tea paste", making the Lei Tea emit a unique and lasting aroma. At the same time, the "paste" pounded with the pestle made of Litsea cubeba wood is not easy to deteriorate or change its taste after being stored for several days, ensuring the quality and taste of Lei Tea.

==Production Steps==

First, soak the raw rice in water to make it swell and soften its texture, which is convenient for pounding. Then, put the swollen raw rice, fresh raw tea leaves, ginger and other required raw materials (such as sesame, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) into the mortar together. Next, hold the pestle with both hands and pound it in a clockwise or counter - clockwise direction, circle by circle, with force. During the pounding process, the force and speed need to be continuously adjusted to ensure that all kinds of raw materials are fully mixed and pounded into a fine paste. This process requires a certain amount of patience and skill. The paste - like substance obtained after pounding is the "Lei Tea paste". Finally, pour boiling water into the "Lei Tea paste" and add an appropriate amount of salt or sugar for seasoning according to personal preference. Thus, a cup of Taoyuan Lei Tea with a fragrant smell and a unique taste is made.

=Types and Characteristics=

==Clear - water Lei Tea==

Clear - water Lei Tea generally does not contain rice, and its production is relatively simple. After pounding the various raw materials except rice into the "Lei Tea paste", it can be directly mixed with boiling water for drinking. Its appearance is clear, and the color of the tea soup is yellow - green, showing a tortoise - spot - like shape. The spots move slightly, just like the floating clouds in the sky. It tastes fragrant and mellow, with the scents of tea, ginger and sesame blending with each other, making it refreshing and pleasant. Due to its light taste, it is suitable for most people to drink. Especially in the hot summer, a cup of clear - water Lei Tea can quickly dispel the summer - heat and make people feel relaxed and happy.

==Paste - like Lei Tea==

The production of paste - like Lei Tea is relatively more complicated. When pounding the "Lei Tea paste", in addition to the regular raw materials, cooked rice also needs to be added, and then raw materials such as tea leaves and soybeans are put in and pounded in sequence. After pounding, put the "paste" into a pot, add water and boil it until it becomes a paste. Its fragrance is more intense, and the taste is sticky, with a stronger sense of fullness. In rural areas, during the busy farming season or when there is a banquet at home, people usually choose to drink paste - like Lei Tea. It can not only meet the energy needs after physical exertion, but also serve as a simple and delicious meal. The mellow taste and rich nutrition of paste - like Lei Tea also make it the first - choice drink for local residents to keep out the cold in winter.

=Cultural Connotation=

==The Way of Treating Guests==

China is a country of etiquette, and the people of Taoyuan are especially warm - hearted and hospitable. Drinking Lei Tea is a long - inherited traditional habit and special custom of the people in Taoyuan. Once there are guests visiting, the host will always carefully prepare a sumptuous Lei Tea banquet to warmly receive them. This is not only a dietary behavior, but also a way to express welcome and respect. At the Lei Tea banquet, the host will fill the table with various delicious "accompanying" snacks, and sit around with the guests, chatting while drinking Lei Tea. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious. This kind of communication way with Lei Tea as the link shortens the distance between people and enhances the affection between each other. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives." This vividly describes the important role of Lei Tea in the social life of the people in Taoyuan.

==A Social Medium==

Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only a good product for entertaining guests at home, but also an important medium for relatives and friends to get together and for neighbors to communicate. In Taoyuan, whether it is during the New Year and festivals, weddings and funerals, or in the leisure time on weekdays, people like to get together to hold Lei Tea parties. Everyone sits around, drinks Lei Tea, and shares the joys and sorrows in life. The deep family affection and friendship are passed on in bowls of Lei Tea. This kind of social way is simple and warm, without too many formalities, but full of the flavor of life and human touch. At the Lei Tea party, people communicate with each other and help each other, forming a harmonious neighborhood relationship and a strong community cohesion.

==Cultural Inheritance==

As an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, Taoyuan Lei Tea carries the local historical and cultural memory of thousands of years. It has witnessed the social changes and local customs of Taoyuan area and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in Taoyuan. From the initial folk remedy for treating diseases to the current daily drink and cultural symbol, Lei Tea has continuously incorporated new elements and connotations in the process of inheritance, but has always maintained its unique production process and cultural heritage. Through the production and drinking of Lei Tea, generation after generation of Taoyuan people have passed down this ancient custom, passing on the wisdom and spirit of their ancestors from generation to generation. At the same time, Lei Tea has also attracted many tourists and scholars to explore the cultural mystery behind it, and has become a beautiful business card to show the culture of Taoyuan.

=Health - promoting Efficacy=

==Cognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine==

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, all kinds of raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea have certain medicinal values. Raw rice is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide sufficient energy for the human body. Ginger is recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" as follows: "Ginger is warm in nature, and it can clear the mind, stop phlegm - cough and vomiting, and is extremely effective in promoting appetite." It has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold, and can be used to treat symptoms such as sudden fainting due to pathogenic qi, vomiting due to stomach - cold, and excessive phlegm - cough due to cold pathogen in the lung. Ginger can also enhance appetite and has the effect of promoting digestion. Its peel can promote diuresis and can be used to treat skin edema. Raw tea leaves are also recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea is bitter in nature and can relieve heat - thirst, clear the head and eyes, and promote digestion." It is suitable for treating symptoms such as summer - heat - thirst, dizziness, indigestion, mental fatigue, drowsiness and dysuria. Sesame has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and blood, and moistening the intestines. Peanuts are rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which are helpful for reducing cholesterol and protecting cardiovascular health. Soybeans are rich in soy isoflavones, which are beneficial for women's health. These raw materials are matched with each other, making Lei Tea have many health - promoting effects such as preventing wind - cold, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and moistening the lungs and strengthening the stomach.

==Modern Medical Research==

Modern medical research also shows that regular drinking of Lei Tea has many benefits for human health. The tea polyphenols in tea have the effects of antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, and can prevent cardiovascular diseases and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The gingerol and shogaol in ginger have the effects of anti - inflammation, analgesia, antioxidation and lipid - lowering. The sesamin and vitamin E in sesame are antioxidant substances, which can delay cell aging and protect liver function. The resveratrol in peanuts has the effects of antioxidation, anti - inflammation and anti - tumor. The soybean protein in soybeans is high - quality plant protein, which is helpful for reducing blood lipid and preventing osteoporosis. In addition, Lei Tea can also help remove the greasiness of food, promote the digestion and absorption of food in the body, and is beneficial for preventing and treating constipation. Clinically, Lei Tea has certain adjuvant treatment and health - care functions for some chronic diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dyspepsia and other digestive tract diseases, as well as cold, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.

=Conclusion=

As a traditional drink with a history of thousands of years, Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only famous for its unique production process, rich types and characteristics, and profound cultural connotation, but also attracts much attention because of its remarkable health - promoting efficacy. It is an indispensable part of the life of the people in Taoyuan, carrying their emotions, memories and cultural inheritance. In modern society, with people's attention to traditional culture and the pursuit of a healthy life, Taoyuan Lei Tea has ushered in new development opportunities. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of Taoyuan Lei Tea, an intangible cultural heritage, deeply explore its cultural and health - promoting values, and through innovative development and publicity promotion, let more people understand and love Taoyuan Lei Tea, so that it can shine more brightly in the new era.

User:Gong Wei

2025-06-06T02:28:54Z

Gong Wei:

Taoyuan Lei Tea: A Cultural Treasure and Health - promoting Drink with a Millennium - long Inheritance

=Abstract=

Taoyuan Lei Tea, as an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, carries a profound historical and cultural heritage and has been passed down among the people for thousands of years. Through an in - depth exploration of the historical origin, production process, types and characteristics, cultural connotation and health - promoting efficacy of Taoyuan Lei Tea, this article demonstrates the important significance of this unique drink in Taoyuan area and even in a wider range, in order to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of this precious cultural heritage, and also to let more people understand the rich cultural and health - promoting values of Taoyuan Lei Tea.

=I. Introduction=

In the food culture of Changde, Hunan, Taoyuan Lei Tea is like a bright pearl, exuding a unique charm. It is not only a kind of drink, but also an important carrier of the local folk culture, deeply integrated into the daily life of the people in Taoyuan, and has become a unique way for them to express their emotions and inherit history. Whether it is a warm moment when relatives and friends get together or a warm occasion to receive distant guests, a bowl of steaming Lei Tea is always essential, carrying deep affection and blessings.

=II. Historical Origin=

==2.1 Legendary Origin==

The most widely spread story about the origin of Taoyuan Lei Tea is related to General Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (49 AD), Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wu of Han to conquer the "Man" tribes in Wuxi. He led his troops to sail up the Yuan River. When the troops passed by Wutou Village (now Taohuayuan), due to the humid climate and the soldiers' inability to adapt to the local conditions, many soldiers were infected with miasma and cold, and countless of them fell ill. At this critical moment, an old woman in the local area presented a family - heirloom secret recipe, the "Three - Ingredient Soup", which was made by pounding raw rice, ginger and raw tea leaves in a mortar and then mixing them with boiling water for the soldiers to drink. Miraculously, after Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, the epidemic was quickly cured and the soldiers' morale was greatly boosted. Since then, the story that the "Three - Ingredient Soup" could cure all kinds of diseases has spread, and it has gradually become a custom in the local area, which is now Taoyuan Lei Tea. This legend is also recorded in "Biography of Ma Yuan" in "History of the Later Han Dynasty": "It happened to be very hot, and many soldiers died of the epidemic. Ma Yuan also fell ill and was trapped." This fully shows the difficult situation the army faced at that time and the crucial role played by Lei Tea.

==2.2 Documentary Records==

Apart from legends, many documents also provide strong evidence for the history of Taoyuan Lei Tea. The "Taoyuan County Annals" records: "Lei Tea is made by mixing tea, ginger, sesame, salted rice and dogwood, and drinking it with a mixture of yin and yang water. It is also called Five - Flavor Soup. It is said that Ma Yuan made it to avoid miasma." The "Changde Prefecture Annals" of the Jiajing period records: "Ma Yuan in the Han Dynasty once bored a hole in a stone to escape the heat." Du Shaoling in the Tang Dynasty had the poem "Thinking of the Southern Expedition in Wuling", and Bai Letian had the sentence "The old road of General Fubo is still in the wind and smoke". These are all related to the story of Ma Yuan's southern expedition to the Wuxi Man tribes and the route he passed through, indirectly indicating the close connection between Lei Tea and this historical event. From these documentary records, it can be seen that Taoyuan Lei Tea appeared at least in the Eastern Han Dynasty and has been continuously passed down and developed over time, becoming a representative of the unique food culture in the local area.

=III. Production Process=

==3.1 Raw Material Preparation==

The main raw materials for making Taoyuan Lei Tea are raw tea leaves, ginger and raw rice, which are also the core raw materials of the original "Three - Ingredient Soup". Generally, fresh local tea tree leaves are selected as the raw tea leaves. They are rich in ingredients such as tea polyphenols and caffeine, which not only give Lei Tea a unique flavor, but also have the effects of refreshing the mind and relieving heat and summer - heat. Ginger is warm in nature and has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold. It can effectively relieve the discomfort symptoms caused by the inability to adapt to the local conditions or wind - cold. Raw rice can increase the body's heat and provide the necessary energy. In addition, according to personal taste and different types of Lei Tea, fried sesame, peanuts, soybeans and other ingredients may also be added. Sesame is rich in oil and protein, which can add a mellow fragrance to Lei Tea. Peanuts are crispy and delicious, enriching the taste. Soybeans are rich in plant protein, making the nutrition of Lei Tea more comprehensive.

==3.2 Tool Selection==

The production of Lei Tea cannot be separated from unique tools. The mortar and pestle are the key among them. The mortar is a kind of earthenware with tooth - shaped patterns on the inner wall, a heavy body, a wide mouth, a constricted belly and a flat bottom. It is shaped like a washbasin, with a diameter generally ranging from 30 to 50 centimeters. Its heavy texture and unique tooth - shaped pattern design enable the raw materials to be better ground and pounded during the pounding process, and it is wear - resistant and not easy to break, which is very suitable for long - time pounding operations. The pestle is mostly made of the wood of the Litsea cubeba tree. The Litsea cubeba tree itself has a special fragrance. During the pounding process, this fragrance will gradually penetrate into the "Lei Tea paste", making the Lei Tea emit a unique and lasting aroma. At the same time, the "paste" pounded with the pestle made of Litsea cubeba wood is not easy to deteriorate or change its taste after being stored for several days, ensuring the quality and taste of Lei Tea.

==3.3 Production Steps==

First, soak the raw rice in water to make it swell and soften its texture, which is convenient for pounding. Then, put the swollen raw rice, fresh raw tea leaves, ginger and other required raw materials (such as sesame, peanuts, soybeans, etc.) into the mortar together. Next, hold the pestle with both hands and pound it in a clockwise or counter - clockwise direction, circle by circle, with force. During the pounding process, the force and speed need to be continuously adjusted to ensure that all kinds of raw materials are fully mixed and pounded into a fine paste. This process requires a certain amount of patience and skill. The paste - like substance obtained after pounding is the "Lei Tea paste". Finally, pour boiling water into the "Lei Tea paste" and add an appropriate amount of salt or sugar for seasoning according to personal preference. Thus, a cup of Taoyuan Lei Tea with a fragrant smell and a unique taste is made.

=IV. Types and Characteristics=

==4.1 Clear - water Lei Tea==

Clear - water Lei Tea generally does not contain rice, and its production is relatively simple. After pounding the various raw materials except rice into the "Lei Tea paste", it can be directly mixed with boiling water for drinking. Its appearance is clear, and the color of the tea soup is yellow - green, showing a tortoise - spot - like shape. The spots move slightly, just like the floating clouds in the sky. It tastes fragrant and mellow, with the scents of tea, ginger and sesame blending with each other, making it refreshing and pleasant. Due to its light taste, it is suitable for most people to drink. Especially in the hot summer, a cup of clear - water Lei Tea can quickly dispel the summer - heat and make people feel relaxed and happy.

==4.2 Paste - like Lei Tea==

The production of paste - like Lei Tea is relatively more complicated. When pounding the "Lei Tea paste", in addition to the regular raw materials, cooked rice also needs to be added, and then raw materials such as tea leaves and soybeans are put in and pounded in sequence. After pounding, put the "paste" into a pot, add water and boil it until it becomes a paste. Its fragrance is more intense, and the taste is sticky, with a stronger sense of fullness. In rural areas, during the busy farming season or when there is a banquet at home, people usually choose to drink paste - like Lei Tea. It can not only meet the energy needs after physical exertion, but also serve as a simple and delicious meal. The mellow taste and rich nutrition of paste - like Lei Tea also make it the first - choice drink for local residents to keep out the cold in winter.

=V. Cultural Connotation=

==5.1 The Way of Treating Guests==

China is a country of etiquette, and the people of Taoyuan are especially warm - hearted and hospitable. Drinking Lei Tea is a long - inherited traditional habit and special custom of the people in Taoyuan. Once there are guests visiting, the host will always carefully prepare a sumptuous Lei Tea banquet to warmly receive them. This is not only a dietary behavior, but also a way to express welcome and respect. At the Lei Tea banquet, the host will fill the table with various delicious "accompanying" snacks, and sit around with the guests, chatting while drinking Lei Tea. The atmosphere is warm and harmonious. This kind of communication way with Lei Tea as the link shortens the distance between people and enhances the affection between each other. As the saying goes: "Go to the east house, run to the west house, drink Lei Tea, have a chat, and come and go to become relatives." This vividly describes the important role of Lei Tea in the social life of the people in Taoyuan.

==5.2 A Social Medium==

Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only a good product for entertaining guests at home, but also an important medium for relatives and friends to get together and for neighbors to communicate. In Taoyuan, whether it is during the New Year and festivals, weddings and funerals, or in the leisure time on weekdays, people like to get together to hold Lei Tea parties. Everyone sits around, drinks Lei Tea, and shares the joys and sorrows in life. The deep family affection and friendship are passed on in bowls of Lei Tea. This kind of social way is simple and warm, without too many formalities, but full of the flavor of life and human touch. At the Lei Tea party, people communicate with each other and help each other, forming a harmonious neighborhood relationship and a strong community cohesion.

==5.3 Cultural Inheritance==

As an intangible cultural heritage of Hunan Province, Taoyuan Lei Tea carries the local historical and cultural memory of thousands of years. It has witnessed the social changes and local customs of Taoyuan area and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people in Taoyuan. From the initial folk remedy for treating diseases to the current daily drink and cultural symbol, Lei Tea has continuously incorporated new elements and connotations in the process of inheritance, but has always maintained its unique production process and cultural heritage. Through the production and drinking of Lei Tea, generation after generation of Taoyuan people have passed down this ancient custom, passing on the wisdom and spirit of their ancestors from generation to generation. At the same time, Lei Tea has also attracted many tourists and scholars to explore the cultural mystery behind it, and has become a beautiful business card to show the culture of Taoyuan.

=VI. Health - promoting Efficacy=

==6.1 Cognition in Traditional Chinese Medicine==

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, all kinds of raw materials of Taoyuan Lei Tea have certain medicinal values. Raw rice is rich in carbohydrates, which can provide sufficient energy for the human body. Ginger is recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" as follows: "Ginger is warm in nature, and it can clear the mind, stop phlegm - cough and vomiting, and is extremely effective in promoting appetite." It has the functions of refreshing the mind, stopping vomiting and dispelling wind - cold, and can be used to treat symptoms such as sudden fainting due to pathogenic qi, vomiting due to stomach - cold, and excessive phlegm - cough due to cold pathogen in the lung. Ginger can also enhance appetite and has the effect of promoting digestion. Its peel can promote diuresis and can be used to treat skin edema. Raw tea leaves are also recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Tea is bitter in nature and can relieve heat - thirst, clear the head and eyes, and promote digestion." It is suitable for treating symptoms such as summer - heat - thirst, dizziness, indigestion, mental fatigue, drowsiness and dysuria. Sesame has the effects of tonifying the liver and kidney, benefiting the essence and blood, and moistening the intestines. Peanuts are rich in protein and unsaturated fatty acids, which are helpful for reducing cholesterol and protecting cardiovascular health. Soybeans are rich in soy isoflavones, which are beneficial for women's health. These raw materials are matched with each other, making Lei Tea have many health - promoting effects such as preventing wind - cold, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, and moistening the lungs and strengthening the stomach.

==6.2 Modern Medical Research==

Modern medical research also shows that regular drinking of Lei Tea has many benefits for human health. The tea polyphenols in tea have the effects of antioxidation, antibacterial and antiviral, and can prevent cardiovascular diseases and inhibit the growth of tumor cells. The gingerol and shogaol in ginger have the effects of anti - inflammation, analgesia, antioxidation and lipid - lowering. The sesamin and vitamin E in sesame are antioxidant substances, which can delay cell aging and protect liver function. The resveratrol in peanuts has the effects of antioxidation, anti - inflammation and anti - tumor. The soybean protein in soybeans is high - quality plant protein, which is helpful for reducing blood lipid and preventing osteoporosis. In addition, Lei Tea can also help remove the greasiness of food, promote the digestion and absorption of food in the body, and is beneficial for preventing and treating constipation. Clinically, Lei Tea has certain adjuvant treatment and health - care functions for some chronic diseases, such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dyspepsia and other digestive tract diseases, as well as cold, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases.

=VII. Conclusion=

As a traditional drink with a history of thousands of years, Taoyuan Lei Tea is not only famous for its unique production process, rich types and characteristics, and profound cultural connotation, but also attracts much attention because of its remarkable health - promoting efficacy. It is an indispensable part of the life of the people in Taoyuan, carrying their emotions, memories and cultural inheritance. In modern society, with people's attention to traditional culture and the pursuit of a healthy life, Taoyuan Lei Tea has ushered in new development opportunities. We should strengthen the protection and inheritance of Taoyuan Lei Tea, an intangible cultural heritage, deeply explore its cultural and health - promoting values, and through innovative development and publicity promotion, let more people understand and love Taoyuan Lei Tea, so that it can shine more brightly in the new era.

Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 2025

2025-06-06T02:21:35Z

Gong Wei:

Final Exam Paper Titles
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Hairpin Flowers ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Toast-urging ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 中国守艺人 The keepers of Tradition: China's Heritage Guardians
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳 ''The Book of Changes'' and Yin-Yang ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 广东新会陈皮 Guangdong Xinhui dried tangerine peel ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Fireworks ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞折扇 Folding Fan
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 安徽名酒—古井贡酒 Famous Anhui Liquor-Gujing Tribute Liquor
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼 Chinese Coming-of-Age Ceremony ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Etiquette: Offering Hada(Khata) Scarf ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 傣族泼水节 Dai Water-Splashing Festival ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 赣东北特色腌制食品 Northeastern Jiangxi Specialty Fermented food ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 东北秧歌 Northeast Yangko ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu ok, but check if not yet explained under 'Qu Yuan'
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋, but check if not yet explained under 'festivals' in the book节 Mid-autumn Festival ok, but check if not yet explained under 'festivals' in the book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Liling Underglaze Five-Color Porcelain ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai NO, is already in the book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Jingfang 傩文化 Nuo culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mingfeng 编钟 Chinese Ancient Instrument: Bianzhong ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Ting 湘西泡菜 Xiangxi Pickles ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Wei 桃源擂茶 Taoyuan Lei Tea ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jiahong2 闽南红砖古厝 Southern Fujian Red Brick Ancient Houses ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Huaixing 长白山 Mount Changbai ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiang_Jianning 马面裙 Horse face skirt ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Qi 动画片：《虹猫蓝兔七侠传》 Chinese wuxia animation: Howie & Landau Seven Chivalrous Biography ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Zixi 叶子戏 Yezi Xi ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shao_Keyuan 殷墟 The Yin Ruins ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dong_Jiating 麻辣烫 Malatang ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ouyang_Yihong 辣条 Spicy Gluten Strips ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Wei 蛋炒饭 Egg-fried Rice ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xing_Xueqing 桃花源 The Peach Garden ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xinyu 赣南客家围屋 Hakka Tulou in Southern Jiangxi ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yuan_Xiaolin 新中式 new Chinese style clothes ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chu_Hanqi 翠兰 Cui Lan（a kind of tea) ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiating 瓦罐汤 Clay Pot ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Xinyue 灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Xinwen 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac ok, but please check if already in book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Pei 南岳衡山 Mount Heng ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Zixin 恋与深空 Love and Deepspace ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Shutian 中医脉象Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jiayi 哈尔滨啤酒 Harbin Beer ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qi_Zhiyang 漆扇 Lacquer Fan ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Sisi 永州石雕 Yongzhou Stone Carving ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Xiang 阜阳美食-格拉条 Fuyang Cuisine-Gelatiao ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zuo_Fang 四羊方尊 Four-ram Square Zun (cultural artifact) ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yunxi 邵阳米粉 Shaoyang Rice Noodles ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jiaxin 腊八节 Laba Festival ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fei_Xinyu 中国古代战车 Army and weapons: Ancient Chinese Chariots ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chang 朝鲜族象帽舞 Xiangmao Dance of the Korean Ethnic Group ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Yashi 中国民族舞：傣族舞 Chinese Folk Dance: Dai Ethnic Dance ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yawen 醴陵炒粉 Liling Fried Rice Noodles
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Yuan2 吴桥杂技 Wuqiao Acrobatics ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Cili 热干面 Hot Dry Noodles ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Zihan 豆豉 Fermented Soya Beans ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Tianyi 汨罗长乐故事会 Changle Taige Storytelling Festival ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:She_Xiao 文房四宝 Four Treasures of the Study ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yichun 汤显祖 Tangxianzu ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shen_Shuai 咏春拳 Wing Chun Kung Fu ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Sihui 中国皮影戏 Chinese Shadow Puppetry NO, THIS IS ALREADY IN THE BOOK
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Guoqiang 浏阳烟花 Liuyang Fireworks ok

Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 2025

2025-05-09T07:54:19Z

Gong Wei:

Final Exam Paper Titles
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Drinking Persuasion Culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 纪录片：《我在故宫修文物》Documentary: Masters in Forbidden City
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 陈皮 Dried Orange Peel ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Flower ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞折扇 Folding Fan
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 安徽名酒—古井贡酒 Famous Anhui Liquor-Gujing Tribute Liquor
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼：冠礼和笄礼 Traditional Chinese coming-of-age ceremony：Guan Li and Ji Li ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Tibetan Etiquette:Offering Hada(Khata)
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 泼水节 Water-Splashing Festival
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 江西地方端午节传统习俗 Local Dragon Boat Festival traditions of Jiangxi
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 秧歌 Yangko
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Five-colored Under Glaze made in Liling
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Jingfang 傩文化 Nuo culture
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mingfeng 编钟 Chinese Ancient Instrument:Bianzhong
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Ting 湘西泡菜 Xiangxi Kimchi
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Wei 桃源擂茶 Taoyuan Lei Cha
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jiahong2 闽南红砖古厝 Southern Fujian Red Brick Ancient Houses

Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 2025

2025-05-09T07:49:59Z

Gong Wei:

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-05-05T06:59:14Z

Gong Wei: /* Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei)
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling)
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:
----10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)

=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang)
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting)
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)
#Topic 261: The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (Cai Yichun)

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan
端午节5月31日——6月2日

=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-05-05T06:57:41Z

Gong Wei: /* Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei)
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling)
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[File:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)

=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang)
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting)
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)
#Topic 261: The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (Cai Yichun)

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan
端午节5月31日——6月2日

=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]

File:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx

2025-05-05T06:31:26Z

Gong Wei:

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-02-28T10:00:13Z

Gong Wei: /* Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations */

--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai (Qin Yi) 606

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456（Xiao Zixin）

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685 （Lu Wei）

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701（Liu Shutian）

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 （Chu Hanqi）

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 （Wang Xinyu）

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 (Huang Qiaoqiao)

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 （Wu Jiating）

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Liu Peini)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 (Yang Jing)

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

https://zoom.us/j/5739416744?pwd=c3h5L0NnY0xCWjlEMWhuNTBMbE92UT09#success

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
Wang Yuxin

=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
端午节5月31日——6月2日
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-02-27T14:37:01Z

Gong Wei: /* Homework for every session */

--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

[[File:Example.jpg]]==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277 （Dai Shiru）

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Zhang Huifang)
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Zheng Kaiwu)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 (Tao Yao)

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701（Liu Shutian）

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 （Chu Hanqi）

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 （Wang Xinyu）

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 (Huang Qiaoqiao)

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 （Wu Jiating）

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Liu Peini)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845(Li Linyao)

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845（Liao Zuoyun）

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 (Yang Jing)

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）
[[File:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
端午节5月31日——6月2日
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]