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User:He Ying

2026-02-03T04:03:15Z

He Ying:

==Final Exam Paper==

==The presumably Earliest City in China: Chengtoushan ==

===Introduction===

The emergence of cities is a significant milestone in the development of human civilization. As a key manifestation of social complexity, cities not only signify population concentration and settlement but also reflect transformations in social division of labor, power structures, and economic systems.

The Chengtoushan site, located in Lixian County, Hunan Province, dates back approximately 6,000 years and is recognized as one of the earliest and most distinctly urban sites discovered in China to date. It features a complete system of moats and walls, clearly defined functional zones, and the world's earliest and best-preserved paddy field remains. These discoveries provide crucial empirical material for exploring the morphology of early Chinese cities and the origins of civilization.

This paper focuses on the Chengtoushan site, integrating archaeological findings to analyze its urban characteristics from the perspectives of its city layout and spatial organization, agricultural economy, and altar rituals. It also discuss Chengtoushan’s important role in the development of early Chinese cities and the broader process of civilization origins.

=== Overview of the Chengtoushan Site===

The Chengtoushan site is situated in Lixian County, Hunan Province, in the heart of the Liyang Plain. This plain is characterized by flat terrain and a dense river network, belonging to a subtropical monsoon climate zone. The warm and humid natural conditions provided an ideal environment for prehistoric human settlement and agricultural development.

In terms of chronological sequence, the cultural deposits at the site are continuous and deep, spanning the middle to late Neolithic period. Based on archaeological cultural periods, the site primarily includes three consecutive developmental stages: the Daxi Culture period (approximately 6300-5300 years ago), the Qujialing Culture period (approximately 5300-4600 years ago), and the Shijiahe Culture period (approximately 4600-4000 years ago). Among these, the construction and main use of the city occurred from the late Daxi Culture period to the Qujialing Culture period, approximately 6000-4800 years ago, which was also the site's most prosperous phase.

In terms of spatial scale, Chengtoushan was a large, meticulously planned settlement. The site is roughly circular in shape and consists of multiple layers of artificial structures: at its center is a living area covering approximately 80,000 square meters, surrounded by a rammed-earth wall with a base width exceeding 30 meters. Outside the wall is a moat (defensive ditch) tens of meters wide, which still holds water today. This composite structure of "moat-wall-inner space" forms a distinct, well-defended independent unit.

Since its discovery in 1979, systematic archaeological excavations have been conducted multiple times, uncovering an area of nearly 9,000 square meters and revealing an exceptionally rich cultural heritage. Over 16,000 artifacts have been unearthed, including pottery, stone tools, jade objects, and bone and antler implements. More importantly, a series of significant features have been discovered, including residential areas, burial grounds, pottery workshop areas, a large altar, and ancient paddy fields. These features are orderly distributed and functionally distinct, collectively outlining the basic framework of an early city.

===Urban Form and Spatial Layout===

Firstly, the Chengtoushan site features a distinctive defensive system. Located in the flat lands of the northwestern Liyang Plain rather than in strategically advantageous mountainous terrain, its security relied entirely on artificially constructed defensive works. The ancient city is roughly circular in plan, with a diameter of about 310 meters and an inner area of approximately 80,000 square meters. The moat surrounding the city wall is tens of meters wide and remains water-filled to this day, serving not only as an effective military defense feature but also fulfilling multiple functions such as drainage, water supply, transportation, and territorial demarcation. The city wall itself underwent multiple phases of ramming and expansion, from a smaller scale during the initial Daxi Culture period (around 6300 years ago) to large-scale reinforcement during the Qujialing Culture period, with the base width of the wall exceeding 30 meters. This demonstrates the long-term and organized nature of the construction. The complete layout of "wall + moat" directly reflects the concentration of resources, mobilization of labor, and the existence of social public authority, marking a fundamental difference from simple moat-enclosed settlements.

Secondly, the Chengtoushan site exhibits clear functional zoning. Residential areas, farming areas, ritual areas, and burial areas are strictly separated. Rows of house foundations have been discovered in the residential areas, with house layouts showing considerable sophistication, such as connected living rooms and bedrooms separated by objects. The handicraft area contains concentrated groups of pottery kilns along with associated clay extraction pits, water storage pits, and workshop remains, clearly indicating the existence of a specialized pottery production zone.

===The World's Earliest Known Paddy Fields and Mature Agricultural Economy===

Another world-class discovery at Chengtoushan is the ancient paddy field remains located inside the city wall, dating back approximately 6,500 years. These fields are exceptionally well-preserved, covering an area of several hundred square meters, with field ridges, water inlets, irrigation pits, and other features clearly discernible. Even today, rice phytoliths from that period can be detected in the soil.

The discovery of the Chengtoushan paddy fields is of great significance. It provides tangible, visual evidence of the history of human rice domestication and systematic field management. The fields at Chengtoushan are not scattered crop remains but represent large-scale agricultural production with a complete irrigation system. This proves that 6,500 years ago, the inhabitants of the middle Yangtze River region had already mastered relatively advanced rice farming techniques, moving beyond slash-and-burn agriculture into a stable period of intensive farming. Agriculture and the city here formed a mutually reinforcing symbiotic relationship: agriculture supported urban development, while the needs of the city drove advancements in agricultural technology and management refinement.

===Altar and Burials===

In the eastern part of the Chengtoushan site, the remains of China's earliest large-scale altar have been discovered. The altar has a complex structure, underwent multiple construction phases, and is accompanied by sacrificial pits, indicating that large-scale religious rituals were held here. The incorporation of this sacred ritual space into the core planning of the city reveals the central role of spiritual beliefs in integrating early urban society.

Additionally, concentrated public cemeteries have been found within the site. A small number of large tombs feature spacious burial pits and contain precious grave goods such as jade. In contrast, the vast majority of small and medium-sized tombs contain only everyday pottery, stone tools, and other utilitarian production or domestic items. The differences in tomb form, scale, and grave goods reflect the strict social order and management at the time.

=== Conclusion===

Chengtoushan is hailed as the "Ancestor of Chinese Cities, Source of World Rice." These eight words precisely summarize its dual epoch-making value: it is both the earliest confirmed city in China, significantly pushing back the timeline of Chinese urban origins, and a crucial testament to the highly developed world of rice agriculture civilization.

The great discovery of Chengtoushan transcends the site itself. It stands like a historical lighthouse, illuminating the long-overlooked chapter of the Yangtze River Basin in the process of Chinese civilization origins. It strongly confirms the pluralistic and indigenous nature of Chinese civilization's beginnings. It tells us that the cradle of Chinese civilization was not singular; the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, like two dragons, each nurtured splendid prehistoric cultures early on. They echoed each other from north to south, exchanging and learning from one another, jointly laying the deep foundation for the later "pluralistic unity" of Chinese civilization. The protection, research, and interpretation of Chengtoushan's value are not merely the pursuit of a lost glory but a profound understanding of the roots of the Chinese nation. They hold far-reaching and significant implications for strengthening cultural confidence in our time and understanding the diverse paths of civilizational development.

===References===

[1] 国家文物局.湖南澧县城头山遗址[EB/OL].(2022-3-19). http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2022/3/19/art_2587_80.html

[2] 湖南省文物考古研究所.澧县城头山——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[Ｍ].北京：文物出版社，2007.

[3] 澧县城头山.城头山简介[EB/OL].(2022-11-22). http://chcts.net/Contents_486_1.Html

[4] 唐湘岳.城头山，中国最古老的城[J].光明日报，2015，5.

===Questions===

1. In which province is the Chengtoushan site located? Which three main cultural periods does its primary timeframe span?

2. What are the distinctive features of the urban form of the Chengtoushan site?

3. What is the global significance of the ancient paddy fields discovered at the Chengtoushan site?

4. What societal characteristics do the altar and burials at the Chengtoushan site reflect?

5. Why is the Chengtoushan site referred to as the "Ancestor of Chinese Cities, Source of World Rice"?

===Answers===

1. The Chengtoushan site is located in Hunan Province. Its primary timeframe spans the Daxi Culture period (approximately 6300-5300 years ago), the Qujialing Culture period (approximately 5300-4600 years ago), and the Shijiahe Culture period (approximately 4600-4000 years ago).

2. The Chengtoushan site is roughly circular in shape and features a complete defensive system of "wall + moat." The city wall underwent multiple expansions, and the moat served defensive, drainage, and transport functions. The internal spatial layout exhibits clear functional zoning, including residential areas, handicraft areas, ritual areas, burial areas, and farming areas.

3. The ancient paddy fields discovered at Chengtoushan date back approximately 6,500 years and are currently the world's earliest known and best-preserved paddy field remains. They demonstrate that the inhabitants of the middle Yangtze River region had already mastered advanced rice farming techniques and achieved intensive agricultural production at that time.

4. The discovery of the altar indicates that religious rituals had become an important means of social integration. The differences in tomb size and grave goods (large tombs contained precious items like jade, while small and medium-sized tombs contained only everyday utensils) reflect the emergence of clear social stratification and power structures.

5. "Ancestor of Chinese Cities" refers to its status as the earliest confirmed city in China, representing the origins of early urban civilization in the Yangtze River Basin. "Source of World Rice" refers to its discovery of the world's earliest paddy fields, providing important evidence for rice agriculture civilization. Together, they embody Chengtoushan's landmark status in both Chinese civilization and global agricultural civilization.

===Terms and Expressions===

Earliest city in China: 中国最早之城

Chengtoushan site: 城头山遗址

Liyang Plain: 澧阳平原

Neolithic Age: 新石器时代

Daxi Culture: 大溪文化

Rammed-earth city wall: 夯土城墙

Defensive moat (surrounding ditch): 环壕（护城河）

Functional zoning: 功能分区

World's earliest paddy fields: 世界最早的古稻田

Rice farming agriculture: 稻作农业

Large-scale altar: 大型祭坛

Sacrificial pit: 祭祀坑

Social stratification: 社会分层

Ancestor of Chinese Cities, Source of World Rice: 中华城祖，世界稻源

==中国目前最早的城市——城头山==

===引言===

城市的出现是人类文明发展进程中的重要标志之一。作为社会复杂化的重要体现，城市不仅意味着人口的集中与定居，更反映了社会分工、权力结构以及经济形态的转变。

位于湖南省澧县的城头山遗址，距今约六千年，被认为是目前中国考古发现中年代最早、城市特征最为明确的遗址之一。该遗址拥有完整的环壕与城墙体系、清晰的功能分区，还发现了世界上目前最早、保存最完好的水稻田遗迹，为探讨中国早期城市形态和文明起源提供了重要实证材料。

本文以城头山遗址为研究对象，结合考古发现，从城头山的城市形制与空间布局、农业经济及祭坛祭祀等方面分析其城市性特征，探讨城头山在中国早期城市发展与文明起源进程中的重要地位。

===城头山遗址的基本概况===

城头山遗址位于湖南省澧县境内，地处澧阳平原腹地。该平原地势平坦，河网密布，属于亚热带季风气候区，温暖湿润的自然条件为史前人类的定居与农业发展提供了得天独厚的环境。

从年代序列上看，遗址的文化堆积连续且深厚，其主体年代跨越了新石器时代中晚期。根据考古学文化分期，遗址主要包含三个连续发展的文化阶段：大溪文化期（约距今6300-5300年）、屈家岭文化期（约距今5300-4600年）和石家河文化期（约距今4600-4000年）。其中，城市的兴建与主要使用期集中在大溪文化晚期至屈家岭文化时期，距今约6000-4800年，这一阶段也是遗址最为繁荣的时期。

在空间规模上，城头山是一处经过严密规划的大型聚落。遗址整体呈规整的圆形，由多重人工设施构成：中心为面积约8万平方米的城内生活区；其外围环绕着底宽达30米以上的夯土城墙；城墙之外则是宽数十米、至今仍有水体的环壕（护城河）。这种“环壕—城墙—城内空间”的复合结构，构成了一个界限分明、防御严密的独立单元。

自1979年被发现以来，通过多次系统性的考古发掘，揭露面积近9000平方米，发现了极为丰富的文化遗产。出土文物包括陶器、石器、玉器、骨角器等各类遗物达16000余件。更为重要的是，发现了包括居住址、墓葬区、陶器作坊区、大型祭坛以及古稻田在内的一系列重要遗迹。这些遗迹在空间上分布有序，功能明确，共同勾勒出一座早期城市的基本框架。

===城市的形制与空间布局===

首先，城头山遗址有着标志性的防御系统。城头山遗址坐落于澧阳平原西北部的平原地带，而非险要山地，其安全完全依赖人工建造的防御工程。古城平面呈规整的圆形，直径约310米，城内面积约8万平方米。环绕城墙的护城河（壕沟）宽达数十米，至今水面充盈，这不仅是有效的军事防御设施，也具有排水、供水、交通乃至区域标识的多重功能。城墙本身经历了多次夯筑扩建，从最初大溪文化时期（约距今6300年）的较小规模，到屈家岭文化时期的大规模增筑，墙体底部宽度达30米以上，显示出工程的长期性与组织性。这种“城墙+环壕”的完整格局，是资源集中、人力动员和社会公共权力存在的直接体现，与简单的环壕聚落有了本质区别。

其次，城头山遗址也有功能分区。生活区、耕作区、祭祀区、墓葬区均严格分开。生活区发现了成排的房基，房屋格局也颇有讲究，居室与客厅相连又用物品隔开；手工业区集中分布着陶窑群以及相关的取土坑、蓄水坑、工棚遗迹，清晰地展示了一个专业化制陶作坊区的存在。

===世界已知最早的稻田与成熟农业经济===

城头山的另一项世界级发现，是位于城墙内侧、距今约6500年的古稻田遗址。这片稻田保存极为完好，面积达数百平方米，田埂、水口、灌溉坑等设施清晰可辨，甚至土壤中仍可检测出当时水稻硅酸体的遗留。

城头山稻田的发现具有重要意义。它以实物的方法直观地呈现了人类驯化水稻并进行系统农田管理的历史。城头山的稻田不再是零散的作物遗存，而是带有完善灌溉系统的规模化农业生产。这证明，在6500年前，长江中游的先民已经掌握了相当成熟的稻作农业生产技术，脱离了刀耕火种的原始阶段，进入了稳定的集约化农业时期。农业与城市在此形成了相互促进的共生关系：农业支撑城市发展，城市的需求又推动了农业技术的进步和管理的精细化。

===祭坛与墓葬===

在城头山遗址东部还发现了中国最早的大型祭坛遗迹。祭坛结构复杂，经过多次筑建，旁边有祭祀坑，表明这里曾举行过大规模的宗教仪式活动。这种将神圣祭祀空间纳入城市核心规划的做法，揭示了精神信仰在整合早期城市社会中的核心作用。

此外，遗址内还发现了集中的公共墓地，也有少数大型墓葬墓圹宽敞，且随葬有玉等珍贵器物。但绝大多数中小型墓葬仅随葬日常使用的陶器、石器等生产生活用具。墓葬的形制、规模及随葬品的差异反映了当时社会已存在明确的秩序与管理。

===结论===

城头山被誉为“中华城祖，世界稻源”，这八个字精准概括了其双重划时代价值：它既是迄今可确认的中国最早城市，将中国城市起源史大幅前推；又是世界稻作农业文明高度发展的重要见证。

城头山的伟大发现，其意义超越了遗址本身。它像一座历史的灯塔，照亮了中华文明起源进程中长期被忽视的长江流域篇章，强有力地证实了中华文明起源的多元性与本土性。它告诉我们，中华文明的摇篮不止一个，黄河与长江如同两条巨龙，很早就各自孕育出了灿烂的史前文化，它们南北呼应，交流互鉴，共同奠定了日后“多元一体”的中华文明的深厚根基。对城头山的保护、研究与价值阐释，不仅是对一段失落辉煌的追寻，更是对中华民族根脉的深度认知，对于我们在当今时代坚定文化自信、理解文明发展的多样路径，具有深远而重要的启示意义。

===参考文献===

[1] 国家文物局.湖南澧县城头山遗址[EB/OL].(2022-3-19). http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2022/3/19/art_2587_80.html

[2] 湖南省文物考古研究所.澧县城头山——新石器时代遗址发掘报告[Ｍ].北京：文物出版社，2007.

[3] 澧县城头山.城头山简介[EB/OL].(2022-11-22). http://chcts.net/Contents_486_1.Html

[4] 唐湘岳.城头山，中国最古老的城[J].光明日报，2015，5.

===问题===

1. 城头山遗址位于哪个省份？它的主体年代跨越了哪三个主要文化阶段？

2. 城头山遗址的城市形制有什么突出特点？

3. 城头山遗址中发现的古稻田有何世界性意义？

4. 城头山遗址的祭坛和墓葬反映了当时社会的哪些特征？

5. 为什么说城头山遗址是“中华城祖，世界稻源”？

===回答===

1. 城头山遗址位于湖南省。它的主体年代跨越了大溪文化期（约距今6300-5300年）、屈家岭文化期（约距今5300-4600年）和石家河文化期（约距今4600-4000年）。

2. 城头山遗址呈规整的圆形，拥有完整的“城墙+环壕”防御系统，城墙历经多次扩建，环壕兼具防御、排水和交通功能。城内空间布局功能分区明确，包括生活区、手工业区、祭祀区、墓葬区和耕作区。

3. 城头山发现的古稻田距今约6500年，是目前世界上已知最早、保存最完好的水稻田遗迹。它证明长江中游的先民在当时已掌握成熟的稻作农业技术，实现了集约化农业生产。

4. 祭坛的发现表明宗教仪式已成为社会整合的重要手段；墓葬的规模与随葬品的差异（大型墓有玉器等珍贵器物，中小型墓仅有日常用具）反映了社会已出现明显的等级分化和权力结构。

5. “中华城祖”指它是迄今确认的中国最早城市，代表了长江流域早期城市文明的起源；“世界稻源”指它发现了世界最早的古稻田，是稻作农业文明的重要实证。二者共同体现了城头山在中华文明与全球农业文明中的标志性地位。

===术语和表达===

Earliest city in China: 中国最早之城

Chengtoushan site: 城头山遗址

Liyang Plain: 澧阳平原

Neolithic Age: 新石器时代

Daxi Culture: 大溪文化

Rammed-earth city wall: 夯土城墙

Defensive moat (surrounding ditch): 环壕（护城河）

Functional zoning: 功能分区

World's earliest paddy fields: 世界最早的古稻田

Rice farming agriculture: 稻作农业

Large-scale altar: 大型祭坛

Sacrificial pit: 祭祀坑

Social stratification: 社会分层

Ancestor of Chinese Cities, Source of World Rice: 中华城祖，世界稻源

Uvu/index.php/User:He Ying

2025-12-31T03:23:10Z

He Ying: Created page with "==Final Exam Paper== ==The presumably Earliest City in China: Chengtoushan == ===Introduction=== The emergence of cities is a significant milestone in the development of hu..."

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-28T08:34:49Z

He Ying: /* 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body_movements_performance_traditional_Chinese_dance.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) [[Media:Chinese Dreamcore 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture[[Media:Chinese_liquor.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧) [[Media:Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects [[Media:Analects_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language_Chinese_Dialects_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media:Money_Culture_Currency_Jiaozi_A_Paper_Currency_ in_Northern_Song_Dynasty_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China[[Media:Three Great Towers in China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names [[Media:Chinese_Names_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花[[Media:The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen [[Media: Luosifen_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）[[Media: Tofu meatball with pig blood_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)[[Media: Buyao_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China [[Media: Wu Zetian_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)[[Media:Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)[[Media:Hunan Huagu Opera. pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: Changde Spicy Salted Duck
[[media: Cuisine：Changde Spicy Salted Duck.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")[[Media:The "reference" of Chinese Music.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山[[media: Three famous chinese mountains .pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China [[media: The Four Great male Beauties in Ancient China.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜) [[media: Jiangxi Cuisine (gancai).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)[[media: Danmu (danmu).pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)[[media: Nail Art.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World[[Media:Landscapes and Tourism Harbin Ice and Snow World_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 255.Chinese style - sun protection[[Media:Chinese style - sun protection_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)[[Media:Douyin_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)[[Media:Live-streaming e-commerce_2025.pptx]]
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-18T13:15:57Z

He Ying: /* 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China[[Media:Three Great Towers in China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names [[Media:Chinese_Names_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花[[Media:The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen [[Media: Luosifen_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）[[Media: Tofu meatball with pig blood_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China [[media: The Four Great male Beauties in Ancient China.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜) [[media: Jiangxi Cuisine (gancai).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)[[media: Nail Art.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

File:Nail art.pptx

2025-12-18T13:13:05Z

He Ying:

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-12T06:57:54Z

He Ying: /* 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)[[media: Nail art.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-11-26T09:39:05Z

He Ying: /* 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 */

Contents from spring (will be updated for fall):

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏
|}

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects [[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Paper cutting
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan-.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || TBD - Lǐ Fán
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 250. Language: Hakka Dialect (客家话)
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 212. Education: training Schools (教育：补习班)
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-11-26T09:38:52Z

He Ying: /* 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 */

Contents from spring (will be updated for fall):

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏
|}

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects [[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Paper cutting
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan-.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || TBD - Lǐ Fán
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 250. Language: Hakka Dialect (客家话)
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 212. Education: training Schools (教育：补习班)
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-11-26T09:25:10Z

He Ying: /* 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 */

Contents from spring (will be updated for fall):

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏
|}

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects [[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Paper cutting
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan-.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || TBD - Lǐ Fán
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 250. Language: Hakka Dialect (客家话)
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 212. Education: training Schools (教育：补习班)
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-11-26T09:24:29Z

He Ying: /* 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 */

Contents from spring (will be updated for fall):

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏
|}

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects [[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Paper cutting
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan-.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || TBD - Lǐ Fán
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 250. Language: Hakka Dialect (客家话)
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 212. Education: training Schools (教育：补习班)
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-07-10T12:13:55Z

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==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take Western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌

摘要

中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。

关键字

中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the Western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of Western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介

“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.（杨能华, 李健美 2020:27）

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。（杨能华, 李健美 2020:27）

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers. （安琦 2017:84–87）

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。（安琦 2017:84–87）

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan. （安琦 2017:84–87）

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。（安琦 2017:84–87）

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp-stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===

[1]杨能华,李健美.[J].湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.

[2]安琦.湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports: Modern China sports development==

===Abstract===
Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.

===Keywords===
open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling. [1]
一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]

===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback.[2] At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.

二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。

===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions==
sprint 短跑；

Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；

world championship 世锦赛；

Li-Ning李宁；

Peak 匹克；

marathon 马拉松；

martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.

[2]. .peaksport.com

[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?

2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?

3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington

2. Su Bingtian

3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要

新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。

关键词

对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进

近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]

二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract===
This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.
===Keywords===
Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. If you have not yet eaten Changde beef noodles, do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.

牛肉粉

如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。

Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.

常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。

The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.

常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。

A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.

研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。

China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds. (Long,Wang 2020,(18):20-21)

中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。(龙,王 2020,(18):20-21)

As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。

If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.

如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。

Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。

====Conclusion====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。

===Reference:===
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

===Terms and Expressions：===
Suofen 嗦粉

Early indica rice 早籼稻

Liu Deaf 刘聋子

Lei-cha 擂茶

Jinshi津市

Sansheng soup 三生汤

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

===Questions:===
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?

2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?

3. What is the name of Grinding tea?

4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

===Answers:===
1. Beef noodle.

2. Local Muslim people.

3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.

4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-07-10T12:12:47Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].

Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/20230630_Culture#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]]

==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take Western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌

摘要

中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。

关键字

中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the Western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of Western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介

“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.（杨能华, 李健美 2020:27）

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。（杨能华, 李健美 2020:27）

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers. （安琦 2017:84–87）

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。（安琦 2017:84–87）

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan. （安琦 2017:84–87）

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。（安琦 2017:84–87）

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp-stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===

[1]杨能华,李健美.[J].湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.

[2]安琦.湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports: Modern China sports development==

===Abstract===
Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.

===Keywords===
open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling. [1]
一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]

===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback.[2] At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.

二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。

===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions==
sprint 短跑；

Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；

world championship 世锦赛；

Li-Ning李宁；

Peak 匹克；

marathon 马拉松；

martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.

[2]. .peaksport.com

[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?

2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?

3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington

2. Su Bingtian

3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要

新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。

关键词

对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进

近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]

二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract===
This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.
===Keywords===
Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. If you have not yet eaten Changde beef noodles, do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.

牛肉粉

如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。

Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.

常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。

The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.

常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。

A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.

研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。

China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds. (Long,Wang 2020,(18):20-21)

中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。(龙纯,王红兵2020,(18):20-21)

As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。

If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.

如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。

Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。

====Conclusion====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。

===Reference:===
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

===Terms and Expressions：===
Suofen 嗦粉

Early indica rice 早籼稻

Liu Deaf 刘聋子

Lei-cha 擂茶

Jinshi津市

Sansheng soup 三生汤

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

===Questions:===
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?

2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?

3. What is the name of Grinding tea?

4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

===Answers:===
1. Beef noodle.

2. Local Muslim people.

3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.

4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:59:13Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
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==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.

牛肉粉
如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。

Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.

常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。

The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.

常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。

A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.

研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。

China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.

中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。

As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。

If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.

如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。

Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。

====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。

===Reference:===
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

===Terms and Expressions：===
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

===Questions:===
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?

2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?

3. What is the name of Grinding tea?

4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

===Answers:===
1. Beef noodle.

2. Local Muslim people.

3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.

4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:56:56Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
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==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.

牛肉粉
如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。

Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.

常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。

The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.

常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。

A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.

研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。

China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.

中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。

As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。

If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.

如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。

Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。

====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。

====Reference:====
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

====Terms and Expressions：====
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

====Questions:====
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?

2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?

3. What is the name of Grinding tea?

4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

====Answers:====
1. Beef noodle.

2. Local Muslim people.

3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.

4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:55:54Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/20230630_Culture#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]]

==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.

牛肉粉
如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。
Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.

常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。

The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.

常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。

A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.

研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。

China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.

中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。

As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。

If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.

如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。

Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。

====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。

====Reference:====
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

====Terms and Expressions：====
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

====Questions:====
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?

2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?

3. What is the name of Grinding tea?

4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

====Answers:====
1. Beef noodle.

2. Local Muslim people.

3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.

4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:26:20Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/20230630_Culture#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]]

==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.
牛肉粉
如果你问一个湖南人今天吃的什么早餐，最可能的答案是牛肉粉。湖南人爱吃粉，用湖南方言说就是“嗦粉”，其中常德牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最好的吃的。没有吃过常德牛肉粉，你敢说你去过湖南吗？与此同时，津市的牛肉粉是湖南米粉中最出名的。
Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.
常德米粉是湖南常德地区的一种特色小吃。它有着悠久的历史。之所以广受欢迎，是由于其特殊的生产技术。首先，制作洁白、浑圆、细长且弹性的粉条需要十几个小时。而且对大米和水的质量要求很高如澧水河流域的当地人都用早籼稻。下一个重要的步骤是制作浇头——牛肉。牛肉要反复用水冲洗，将去掉血水的瘦肉、肥肉和筒子骨放进炉子上煮。将经过数百次调制成的中草药放入汤锅底部，用大火到中火煮一两个小时。汤锅不用加盖，牛肉的气味扑鼻而来，在煮沸的同时要用汤匙不断撇出浮沫。
The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.
常德最有名的牛肉粉餐馆是刘聋子。他的本名是刘松生，因为他小时候患有中耳炎，所以绰号叫刘聋子。日军轰炸常德时，刘聋子带着全家逃到津市。起初，他挑着担以卖米粉谋生，但生意并没有好转。后来，他从当地回族人民那里学到了一种很有特色的牛肉烹饪技巧，加上他自己的改良，生意蒸蒸日上。
A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.
一碗不起眼的牛肉面，承载着许多常德人的记忆。早上吃一碗粉，基本上是每个常德人的习惯。吃一碗美味的牛肉粉，开启美好的一天，没有比这更好的选择了。我出生在常德，我的家乡在津市旁边。我的记忆里总有一碗牛肉面，无论我走到哪里，我都不会忘记它的味道和我那小而温暖的城市。
====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.
研磨茶（擂茶/三生汤）
研磨茶也叫擂茶或者说三生汤，它有着悠久的历史。东汉二十五年，马援将军奉汉武帝之命征战五溪，率部队沿沅水而上。大军经过乌头村（今常德桃源）时，由于天气不适宜，风寒交加，伤亡无数。有些人怀疑这是瘟疫。《后汉书》记载：“卒多死于疫病。”当地一位老妇人传授了“三生汤”的秘方（即将生米、生姜、茶叶捣碎在碗中，并将沸水倒入汤中）来治疗这种疾病。马援命令全军饮用，治好了疾病，鼓舞了士气。从那时起，“三生汤”可以疾病的说法流传至今，并成为当地的一种习俗。
China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.
中国是礼仪之邦。桃源人热情好客。喝擂茶是桃源人的传统和特殊习俗。当客人来做客时，主人家总会用一桌丰盛的擂茶来热情接待。擂茶制作过程是将生茶叶、生姜和大米放入碗中，用棍子捣碎，加入芝麻、花生、大豆等，捣碎后，加水煮开，房间里弥漫着茶香。喝擂茶时，桌上还有许多主人制作的点心和坛子菜，这叫做“压桌”。常见的配菜有炒米、红薯片、腌萝卜、豆角、凉豆、黄瓜、凉菜、蒿叶粑粑等，每一类都有十几种。
As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.
关于喝擂茶的好处，它可以在夏天消暑，在冬天可以温身。擂茶是一种纯天然的饮品，不仅新鲜可口，而且具有药用功效。经常喝擂茶还有活血、润肤、润发的功效。同时，它还可以去油腻，增加食欲。所以经常喝擂茶可以减肥、强身健体、延年益寿。
If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.
如果你是第一次去桃源喝擂茶，你必须喝三碗。当地有句谚语说，喝完三碗后，才算是领了主人家的情谊。这个意思是，当你喝完第一碗时，你是“贼”，当你喝完第二碗时，你是客人，当你喝完第三碗时就是朋友了。你喝得越多，主人家就越开心。
Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.
桃源擂茶文化体现了现代人的精神风貌。随着现代化进程的推进，人们的生活、工作节奏明显加快，“忙碌”已经成为许多人的口头禅，这很容易让人在心理、精神上感到紧张。人们需要适当调整。擂茶有一种本能，它能把人们带到一种休闲和安静的状态。当你享受它时，你疲惫的身心很容易得到慰藉。
====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.
常德是一座幸福的城市，人们在这里幸福地生活和工作。无论是牛肉粉还是擂茶，都是常德的特色美食。都说平凡最抚人心。我非常认同这句话。最后，热烈欢迎大家品尝常德牛肉粉、擂茶，体验常德文化。
====Reference:====
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

====Terms and Expressions：====
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

====Questions:====
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?
2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?
3. What is the name of Grinding tea?
4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

====Answers:====
1. Beef noodle.
2. Local Muslim people.
3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.
4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 Culture

2023-06-04T14:22:32Z

He Ying: /* Final Exam Papers */

=Final Exam Papers=
Please think of a new text book chapter about a phenomenon of Chinese culture and list your topic with your name here. As soon as it will be approved by the teacher, you can start writing in one of the sub-websites beneath (see bottom of the page).

{| class="wikitable"
Suggested topic
|-
| 唐英姿
| Science and Technology: We-Media in China
|-
| 曾锦泉
| The Four Mythological Symbols of China
|-
| 舒思靖
| Animals: Cat
|-
| 刘欣雯
| Nüshu：a letter that belongs exclusively to women
|-
| 秦安妮
| Economy: Zibo Barbecue
|-
| 谢诗祎
| Literature：Yuan- dynasty zaju
|-
| 谷钰婷
| Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs
|-
| 刘盈池
| Sports:modern China sports development
|-
| 何颖
| Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan
|-
| 姜露云
| Literature:Chinese Pastoral culture
|-
| 吴松芸
| Architecture: Memorial Archway
|-
| 文茜
| Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art
|-
| 吴婷
| Nightlife in Ancient and Modern China
|-
| 胡艺镪
| Education: The Stone Drum Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies)
|-
| 舒锦玉
| The image of dog in Chinese culture
|-
| 赵喜珍
| Chinese traditional custom: Draw lots
|-
| 曹文
| traditional crafts：raw lacquer
|-
| 王佳绮
| the image of cattle in Chinese culture
|-
| 宋奕芳
| Makeup: Hair Styles
|-
| 胡欣平
| Literature：Nalan Xingde's poetry
|-
| 邓颖杰
| Modern Chinese Literature: Wang Xiaobo and his spirit of rebellion
|-
| 汪奕含
|Literature：the three friend in cold weather
|-
| 吴倩
| Traditional Chinese specialty tea drink：Ginger Salt Tea
|-
| 许谱亮
| Cuisine: Barbeque in China
|-
| 丁倩
| Traditional Cuisine: Sugar Figurine
|-
| 王鑫鹏
| Technology: PC games in China
|-
| 李璐瑶
| Landscapes and Tourism：The Peach Garden
|-
|colspan="2"| „Topic suggestions“
|}

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==Structure==
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'''References'''
*Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. ''智库时代'' Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.
*Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). ''翻译基础'' [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学.

Also, please avoid using the three apostrophes like ' ' ' (without spaces). Use the equal signs to mark headers and subheaders instead. If your paper topic has two equal signs at the beginning and end of your topic, then use three equal signs for your sub headers. Example (without spaces):
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Here starts the normal text of the chapter. Please remember to indicate the source of EACH PARAGRAPH, sometimes even of single sentences. You can indicate it like this. (Woesler 2020, 345) And don't forget to mention the full bibliographical entry beneath under ''References''.
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Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. ''Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona'' Muenster: LIT

==Sample papers==
You can find the full papers also on the Webpage [[History of Translation Studies]]). They are marked with "Sample paper".
* A Comparative Study between Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theory and My thoughts on the Two Theories
* An Analysis of the Book of Contemporary Translation Theories and Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
* Comparative Study on Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theroy
* Comparison of Derrida’s and Benjamin’s Translation View
* Impacts of Western Translation Theories on The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish
* On the Comparison between "Sublimation" an "Functonal Equivalence" Theories
* Study on Gladys’ Translation of The Border Town from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics
* The Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese-English Communication
* Translators' Views on Translation Influence Their Translation Behavior

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[[20230630_final_exam|final exam page]]

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The website where everybody wrote their final exam paper on became too big and produced a database error. Therefore we split the website into 10 small websites. They are sorted like the chapters in the book. Please look for your name and find the right of the 10 small websites to edit your book chapter. Everybody also needs to help to improve other book chapters (copy a paragraph, paste it beneath, make your corrections in the paragraph and sign it).

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*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_01]] First group of students Tang Yingzi唐英姿 Zeng Jinquan曾锦泉 Shu Sijing舒思靖
*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_02]] 2nd group of students Liu Xinwen刘欣雯 Qin Anni秦安妮 Xie Shyi谢诗祎
*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_03]] 3rd group of students Gu Yuting谷钰婷 Liu Yingchi刘盈池 He Ying何颖
*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_04]] 4th group of students Jiang Luyun姜露云 Wu Songyun吴松芸 Wen Xi文茜
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*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_08]] 8th group of students Wang Yihan汪奕含 Wu Qian吴倩 Xu Puliang许谱亮
*[[20230630_final_exam_culture_09]] 9th group of students Ding Qian 丁倩 Wang Xinpeng王鑫鹏 Li Luyao李璐瑶

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:21:21Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/20230630_Culture#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]]

==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.
Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.
The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.
A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.
China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.
As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.
If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.
Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

====Reference:====
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

====Terms and Expressions：====
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

====Questions:====
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?
2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?
3. What is the name of Grinding tea?
4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

====Answers:====
1. Beef noodle.
2. Local Muslim people.
3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.
4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.

20230630 final exam culture 03

2023-06-04T14:19:38Z

He Ying: /* He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan */

Back to [[Introduction_to_Chinese_Culture_Spring_2023|course homepage]].
Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/20230630_Culture#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]]

==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
==Gu Yuting 谷钰婷 - Chinese folk art：Xiangxi Folk Songs==
===Abstract===
During the long history of China，various forms of folk art have appeared. As one of the excellent folk arts, the folk song culture has a long history and is an undoubted cultural treasure. This paper will take western Hunan folk songs as an example and give a short introduction to folk songs from three aspects: categories, characteristics and representative songs.
===Keywords===
Chinese Folk art，Folk songs，National minority

传统民间艺术：湘西民歌
摘要
中国历史悠久，各种民间艺术形式百花齐放。作为优秀的民间艺术之一，我国民歌文化源远流长，是毋庸置疑的文化瑰宝。本文将以湘西民歌为例子，从类别，特点和代表曲三个方面对民歌进行简短的介绍。
关键字
中国民间艺术，民歌，少数民族

===Introduction===
"Xiangxi" refers to the western part of Hunan Province, which has been a multi-ethnic region since ancient times and has gradually developed a unique folk song culture during its long history. The folk songs of western Hunan mainly consist of the folk songs of Miao ethnic minority and Tujia ethnic minority. It is the folk music form that created by the ethnic minority people in their long-term life, and is one of their favorite forms of music. The folk songs are not only exist in Xiangxi, but also widely spread in Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Xiangxi folk songs play an important role in studying the history, primitive religion and folklore of the Miao people. The tunes and singing styles of the folk songs of western Hunan are also special and have high artistic value, as well as great ethnic flavor and charm. The Xiangxi folk songs was listed as intangible cultural heritage of China due to their value.

简介
“湘西”指的是湖南的西部，自古以来就是一个多民族聚居的地区，在长期的历史发展中，也逐渐形成了独具特色的民歌文化。湘西民歌主要由苗族名歌和土家族民歌组成，是少数民族人民在长期生产生活中创造出来的民族民间音乐形式，是他们最喜欢的音乐形式之一。民歌不仅流传于湘西，还广泛流传于湖北省，重庆市，贵州省等地。湘西民歌形态特殊，内容丰富，从古至今在湘西一带传沿不绝，是研究苗族历史、原始宗教、民俗等的重要参考材料。湘西民歌的曲调和唱法也极为特殊，具有很高的艺术价值，也极具民族风情和魅力。湘西民歌也被列入中国非物质文化遗产。

===Classification===
There are various forms of Xiangxi folk songs, and there are many ways to classify them. According to their singing forms, they can be divided into five categories of common songs.
====“Receiving the Bride” tune (external door blocking song)====
This form of songs are mainly presented in unison, duet or solo. It is often sung at the time of receiving the bride. It is often sung by the host and guest singers during the wedding reception, with different styles and singing techniques between men and women.This type of folk songs is characterized by melodious melody, cadence, and strongly lyrical.

分类

湘西民歌形式多样，有多种分类方式，按其演唱形式来分，可以将其分为五大类常用歌调。
接亲调（对外拦门歌）
这种歌调主要以男女二人齐唱、二重唱或独唱为主要形式。其常在接亲之时，在主、客歌师对歌时演唱，男女分腔调，唱法也有所不同，其曲调悠扬，抒情味浓。

====Weeping marriage tune ====
This is an extremely melancholy form of folk songs, often sung when a woman is married and leaving home.This weeping marriage tune start with the name of the bride and a mournful cry, and then flow into the main part of the song. Every line is sung in the dragging cavity to end with a trill, while adding the occasional sobbing sound. The infectious emotion of weeping tune is so strong that even the onlookers often burst into tears.

哭嫁调

这是一种极为悲伤的歌调，常在女子出嫁离家时演唱。在演唱时先要进行一句道白，由此发出悲哀的哭喊声，再进入主歌的唱词部分，每唱一句都要在拖腔上以颤音结束，同时又加入时不时的抽泣声。哭嫁调情感的感染力十分强，常会使听众感动地流泪。

====Love Song tune ====
This is a common tune in folk songs and is quite popular. Love song tune often add some appellation prefixes to the lyrics to express the identity of the subject, and the love song tune is generally sung exclusively in the field, with a slow start, strong melody, rhythmic fluctuations, euphonious, and rich flavor.

情歌调

这是民歌中比较常见的歌调，较为流行。情歌调常会在歌词中加上一些称呼的词头作为表达对象的身份，而且情歌调一般只在野外演唱，起歌较慢，旋律性强，节奏起伏较大，婉转动听，风味浓郁。

====Work song tune ====
This is the lyric song sung while working, and the tune is light and lively.

工夫歌调

这是在干活、做工夫时演唱的抒情歌调，曲调轻快活泼。

==== Ancient tune ====
This is an ancient Miao folk song tune, with a rough, majestic and atmospheric tune and a complex musical structure.

古歌调

这是一种古老的苗族民歌歌调，曲调粗犷、雄浑大气，曲式结构复杂。

===Features ===
====The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse ====
The Xiangxi folk songs are in various forms. At first, the Xiangxi folk songs were called "Sa" in Miao dialect, which generally refers to some songs formed in some rituals during ancient times.Subsequently, the ancient folk songs developed into various forms and was no longer bound by rituals. According to the singing tone, it can be divided into "Shao Wu" and "Shao Sa", "Shao Wu" refers to the singing technique of using high cadence, which is often freer and more aggressive in melody while singing, so that the songs sound more passionate and resounding. In contrast, "Shao Sa" sounds more gentle, with a soothing melody and small ups and downs. “Shao Sa” generally sings some stories with strong narrative and sometimes adds some improvised content. Its speed can be fast or slow, more flexible, with certain local characteristics unique to western Hunan.

特点

民歌的形式多样
湘西民歌的形式多种多样。起初，湘西民歌在苗语中被称为“萨”，一般指在古代祭祀活动中一些仪式所形成的一些歌曲，后来逐渐演变为多种形式，并且体裁也渐渐多样化和复杂化。首先按照演唱的腔调可以分为“韶吾”和“韶萨”，“韶唔”主要是指采用高腔的演唱技巧，在演唱时往往比较自由，旋律比较激进，演唱出来的歌曲就更为激昂高亢。相比之下，“韶萨”就比较平缓，旋律舒缓，起伏小，一般是演唱一些故事，叙事性更强，而且有时会添加一些即兴演唱的内容，速度可快可慢，比较灵活，具有一定的湘西所特有的地方特色。

====Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance. ====
The western Hunan features in mountainous natural environment. The terrain is undulating and rugged, so the ethnic minorities living in this area used to call out to each other with their high and loud voices in the early days. Based on this fact, Xiangxi folk songs’ vocal range span widely, the tone color is ringing, the power of penetrating is high, while they are also characterized by their high volume and duration. Consequently, they hold high requirements for the singers to have a strong and clear voice, clear articulation, high pitch, and long-lasting singing. This is not only a major characteristic of Xiangxi folk songs, but also a major challenge for singers.This is not only a feature of the folk songs, but also a challenge for the singers.

民歌的演唱难度大

由于湘西地区以山地地形为主，地势起伏较大，地势崎岖，因此在此地居住的少数民族在早些时期少不了以高亢嘹亮的声音互相叫唤。在此基础上产生的湘西民歌音域很广，具有很强的感染力，同时对演唱者的音量和演唱时间长度也有很高的要求。湘西民歌要求演唱者声音结实嘹亮，吐字清晰，音调高亢，而且演唱具有持久性，这不仅是湘西民歌的一大特点，也是对演唱者的一大挑战。

====The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct. ====
Xiangxi folk songs were created in the life of ethnic minorities, and they usually improvised songs according to the scenes and events in their life, and convey their current mood and emotions through their songs, thus the folk songs symbolize the endorsement and affection of the minorities towards their life. For example, Xiangxi love songs are very direct in terms of emotional expression, and the musical form is often bright, simple and lively, which reflects the national spirit and characteristics of the minorities people in western Hunan.

民歌的情感浓烈且直接

民歌都是在少数民族的生活中所创作出的，他们通常在生活中依景依事即兴创作歌曲，通过歌声传达自己当下的心情和情感，因此民歌所蕴含的感情色彩是十分浓烈的，民歌就是他们生活的点滴，是他们生活事情的代言。而且，湘西民歌在情感的表达上也是比较直白，例如湘西情歌在情感的表达方式上就是十分直接，在音乐形式上往往选择明快、简洁的形式，这也体现了湘西人民豪放豪客，热情活泼的民族精神和特征。

===Representatives ===
====Horse Mulberry the Son Take the Lamp- stand====
This is a long-standing folk song of Sang Zhi(a rural city in Zhang Jiajie, Hunan province). This folk song is a clasic and stems from a period of history:In the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain of Sang Zhi led thousands of Tujia minority people of Sangzhi to resist Japanese aggression three times in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Korea at the call of the court. His singing always accompanied the soldiers' tough journey. This folk song is a representative piece of China's intangible cultural heritage Sangzhi folk songs, as well as a classic work in the treasure trove of Chinese folk songs.

代表歌曲

《马桑树儿搭灯台》

这是一首传唱久远的桑植民歌。这首歌是一首经典民歌，同时也蕴含了丰富历史：在明代，桑植土司率桑植数千土家儿郎应朝廷的召唤，远赴江浙、朝鲜三度抗倭，土司的歌声伴随着战士们的整个征程。这首民歌被收入中国非物质文化遗产之中，同时也是中国民歌宝库中的经典之作。

====Wu Daoshui is a Good Place====
Wu Daoshui is a Good Place is a representative song of the Tu Jia folk songs in western Hunan, with strong local characteristics and folk style rhythm and tune. The language of vocal melody has fulfilled by its tension and power.

《五道水是好地方》

《五道水是好地方》是湘西土家族民歌的代表歌曲，具有浓厚的地方特色和民俗风格的节奏和曲调。声乐旋律的语言具有张力和动力。

====There is Good Water in High Mountains====
This song depicts the clear stream in the mountains, describing the beautiful scenery of the mountains in a affectionate language, conveying the imagery of the beauty of nature. The clear, cool and melodious sound of the water expressed in the lyrics brings warm joy to the visitors and brings people into close contact with nature, making them feel peaceful and full of courage.

《高山有好水》

这首歌曲描写了山中的清溪,以一种深情的语言来描绘高山的美丽景色,传达了自然之美的意象。歌词中表达的清晰、清凉、悠扬的水声,把温馨的欢乐带给游人,让人们与大自然亲密接触,使心情祥和而又充满勇气。

===Conclusion===
Folk songs have great national characteristics and have endured and spread widely in the history. The contemporary folk songs will continue to inherit by combining national characteristics and features of the modern times，attracting more attention from domestic people and even the whole world.

结论

民歌具有鲜明的民族特色，在历史上经久不衰，流传广泛。当代民歌将结合民族特色和时代特征继续传承下去，吸引着国内乃至全世界人的目光。

===Reference===
[1]https://www.kdhlw.com/p/259822.htmlhttps://baike.baidu.com/item/湘西苗族民歌/6199871?fromtitle=湘西民歌&fromid=16180283&fr=aladdin

[2]Yang Nenghua, Li Jianmei杨能华,李健美.An investigation of the musical characteristics of Miao songs, the folk songs of western Hunan [J]. The Sound of Yellow River湘西民歌——苗歌的音乐特点探究[J].黄河之声,2020(02):27-28.DOI:10.19340/j.cnki.hhzs.2020.02.011.

[3]An Qi安琦.A study on the characteristics and singing style of Miao folk songs in Xiangxi[J]. Guizhou Ethnic Studies湘西苗族民歌的特点及演唱风格研究[J].贵州民族研究,2017,38(03):84-87.DOI:10.13965/j.cnki.gzmzyj10026959.2017.03.019.

===Terms and Expressions===
1.Miao ethnic minority—苗族

2.Tujia ethnic minority—土家族

3.Receiving the bride—接亲

4.Weeping marriage—哭嫁

5.Dragging Cavity—拖腔

6.Vocal Range—音域

7.Horse mulberry the son take the lamp- stand—《马桑树儿搭灯台》

8.Sang Zhi—桑植

9.chieftain—土司，族长

10.Wu Daoshui is a Good Place—《五道水是个好地方》

11.There is Good Water in High Mountains—《高山有好水》

12.Intangible Cultural Heritage—非物质文化遗产

===Question===
1.Which four provinces are the folk songs widely distributed in？

2.According to the singing forms, how many categories can folk songs be divided into mainly？

3.What are the features of the folk songs？

4.Which song is the representative of Tujia ethic minority？

5.Are the folk songs easy to perform？

===Answers===
1. Hunan，Hubei，Chongqing，Guizhou

2. Five.

3. The forms of Xiangxi folk songs are diverse. ;Xiangxi folk songs are demanding to performance.; The emotion of Xiangxi folk songs is strong and direct.

4. Wu Daoshui is a Good Place.

5. No

==Liu Yingchi 刘盈池 - Sports:modern China sports development==
Sports: modern China sports development

Abstract: Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Chinese sports have maintained a steady development. The practical process of the development of China's sports also reflects China's open-door to the outside world, economic development, and changes in national ideology. These factors have prompted China to gradually transform from a sports powerhouse to a sports powerhouse.
Keywords: open-door to the outside world; economic development; changes in national ideolog

===A. The Promotion of Reform and opening up to Chinese Sports===
Since modern times, China's reform and opening-up has achieved remarkable results. The reform and opening up has also enabled Chinese sports circles to introduce foreign technology and coaches, and scientific training has promoted the progress of athletes' performance. After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, China's athletics decided on the development strategy of "Go out and bring it in. " On the one hand, China hire high-level coaches from all over the world to teach athletes in China, and on the other hand, China set up training bases overseas to promote Chinese players to go out to train and compete. A American coach, whose name is Randy Huntington, has been coaching in China since 2013, mainly in charge of coaching the long jump and later in the sprint. In 2022 World Championships Eugene, Chinese athlete Wang Jianan won the gold medal in the long jump. Randy Huntington was his coach, Behind his honor, not only the hard work of Wang Jiannan, but also the guidance and company of coach Randy also played an important role. In addition, Randy also served as Su Bingtian's coach. Su Bingtian is an outstanding athlete in the field of Chinese sprint. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100-meter final with a time of 9.83 seconds in the 100-meter semi-final. In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Su Bingtian successfully advanced to the 100m final with a score of 9.83 seconds in the 100m semi-final, and ranked first in the semi-final. This achievement broke the Asian record, and also broke the stereotype that many people have that "yellow people are physically inferior in athletics". Before this competition, Randy made many scientific adjustments in Su's training. He let Su Bingtian increase the rest between groups to 12 minutes in each group of training, and was able to use Excel tables to accurately calculate Su's time spent per 10 meters and predict the performance of each shot, scientific training allowed Su to break through again in the Olympics. Competition sports fight not only depend on physical quality such as the internal factors, hardware facilities and other external conditions are also very important. Through a number of academic papers and various media publicity reports, Su's scientific sports philosophy has received increasing attention: He has studied the technical characteristics of almost all the best 100-meter sprinters in the world, and compared the "championship model" to find his own shortcomings. He has refined the 100-meter distance into 47-48 steps, with almost every step having specific technical and movement requirements; in the auxiliary training, he adjusts his power and movements according to the markings made by the coaching team at the edge of the field; he is supported by professionals in various fields such as sports biomechanics, sports biochemistry, nutrition, equipment and psychological counseling.
===B. The Promotion of Science and Technology to Chinese Sports===
The gradual development of China's economy has also contributed to the improvement of domestic sports brands, such as Li-Ning and Peak. Li-Ning has been committed to establishing a comprehensive AT apparel technology system in recent years, with continuous innovation in 3D FITTING pattern technology, ultra-light fabric technology, etc. Peak's new cushioning technology "state pole" that is the midsole technology P4U ("P4U" means protection for you). The non-Newtonian fluid material P4U is compounded and foamed by an innovative technology that provides "adaptive" properties not found in conventional materials. "Adaptive" simply means that according to the environment to make different responses, based on the different state of force, to give the wearer different feedback. At low speeds, P4U provides a softer and more comfortable fit for the people who wear it. The development of sports equipment can lead to a better experience for athletes and also protect themselves from injuries during competition and training, and people no longer run barefoot or wear inappropriate shoes for sports as before. With the development of science and technology in China, people's investment in research and development of sports products will also increase greatly, and will also make the development of products more refined and scientific. For top athletes, even modest improvements require sustained effort, with more scientifically advanced sports equipment to add to their training process.
===C. The promotion of the changes in national ideolog to Chinese sports===
From a sports powerhouse to a national sport, the country's growing emphasis on sports and the advancement of its ideology have contributed to the development of sports in China. When sports are strong, China is strong, and when the country is prosperous, sports are prosperous. In June 1952, Chairman Mao inscribed the slogan "Develop sports and strengthen people's physical fitness" for the sports work of China. The first National Sports Festival was held in August 2022, and several cities launched "Fitness for All" campaigns. From cycling races, walking, marathons, martial arts and other sports activities, to the increase in the number of indoor gyms and outdoor sports venues, all of these are evidence of the popularity and promotion of sports activities in China. In addition, more and more women are breaking free from the shackles of "white, young and thin" and showing the majestic beauty of vitality. In the old days, women were always socially charged with the duty of "raising a husband and children" and were guided by society's morbid aesthetic of "white, young and thin". All of this leads to a woman who loves to exercise and has a healthy body with visible muscle tone being ridiculed by many people. But as society evolves, these perceptions are constantly changing. I don't look like a boy, and sports are for girls," says skier Ailing Gu. Chinese weightlifter Hou Zhihui made a big splash in the Olympics, showing off her strength while also gaining a lot of praise. Swimmer Kary Zhang's beautiful body during the swimming process showed people the beauty of women's perseverance and strength. Women's self-confidence, bravery, strength and courage to face the setbacks independently are examples for many to learn from, and they use their own personal experiences to show that the pursuit of sports need not be defined.
In short, since modern times, the development of sports is not achieved overnight, after a long period of improvement, the development of sports can rely on many aspects to promote.

==Terms and Expressions：==sprint 短跑；Randy Huntington 兰迪·亨廷顿；world championship 世锦赛； Li-Ning李宁；Peak 匹克；marathon 马拉松；martial art 武术

==Reference:==
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==Questions:==
1. Who used to serve as sports coaches for Su Bingtian and Wang Jianan?
2. Which Chinese athlete broke the Asian record of 100 meters at the Tokyo Olympics?
3. What are some well-known sports brands in China?

==Answers:==
1. Randy Huntington
2. Su Bingtian
3. Li-ning; Peak, etc.

中国近现代体育发展史

摘要：新中国成立以来，中国体育一直保持着稳步发展的趋势。中国体育事业发展的实践过程也反映出了中国对外开放，经济的发展以及国民思想的转变等。这些因素都促使中国从体育大国逐渐向体育强国转变。
关键词：对外开放；经济发展；思想观念

一、改革开放对中国体育的促进
近代以来，中国改革开放取得了明显的成效，改革开放也使得中国体育界引进了国外的技术和教练人员，科学的训练促进了运动员成绩的进步。2008年北京奥运会后，中国田径就确定了“走出去，请进来”的发展战略，一方面在世界各地聘请高水平教练来到中国，一方面在海外设立训练基地，推动中国选手走出去训练和比赛。美国教练，兰迪·亨廷顿，自2013年起，来到中国担任教练，主要负责跳远项目，后来又带短跑项目。2022尤金田径世锦赛，中国运动员王嘉男在跳远这一项目上获得了金牌，而兰迪正是他的教练，在功勋的背后，不但有王嘉男的辛苦付出，教练兰迪的指导与陪伴也发挥了很大的作用。除此之外，兰迪还担任了苏炳添的教练。2020年东京奥运会当中，苏炳添在100米半决赛当中以9.83的成绩成功晋级100米决赛，并且在半决赛当中位列第一的好成绩。这个成绩打破了亚洲纪录，并且也打破了许多人“黄种人的身体构造在田径方面处于劣势”的刻板印象。在这之前，兰迪在苏炳添的训练当中进行了许多科学的调整。他让苏炳添的组间休息增加到12分钟，并且能用Excel表格精确计算出苏炳添每10米的用时和预测每枪的成绩，科学的训练让苏炳添在奥运会中再一次突破了自己。同时，受教练的影响，苏炳添自身也非常注重科学训练。“通过多篇学术论文以及各类媒体的宣传报道，苏炳添的科学运动理念越来越受到关注：他随身携带小卷尺，用于寻找起跑器的最佳位置他研究过世界上几乎所有最优秀的百米短跑选手的技术特点，通过对比“冠军模型”寻找自己的不足之处他将 100 米的距离细化为 47-48步，每一步几乎都有专门的技术和动作要求；辅助训练中，他会根据教练组在场地边缘做的标记调整自己的发力和动作；团队中有运动生物力学、运动生物化学、营养保障、器材装备、心理咨询等多个领域的专业人士为他提供支持。”[1]
二、科学技术对中国体育的促进
竞赛体育拼搏的不只是身体素质这样的内在因素，硬件设施等外在条件也十分重要。中国经济逐步发展的同时促进了国产的运动品牌的完善，如李宁，匹克等。李宁近年来致力于建立全面的AT服装科技系统，在3D FITTING版型科技、超轻面料科技等方面有着不断创新。匹克的新缓震科技“态极”即中底科技P4U(“Protection For You”为你保护的意思)非牛顿流体材料P4U是通过创新技术复合发泡而成，它拥有传统材料所不具备的“自适应”特性。“自适应”简单来说就是根据环境做出不同的反应，基于受力状态的不同，给予穿着者不同的反馈。[2]在低速运动状态下，P4U能为穿着者提供柔软舒适的穿着体验。运动设备的发展可以促使运动员有着更好的体验感，并且也能保护自己不在比赛和训练中受伤，人们不再像以前一样赤脚跑步或是穿着不合适的鞋进行运动。随着中国科学技术的发展，人们对于运动产品的研发投入也会大大增加，并且也会使研发产品更加精细化、科学化。对于顶尖运动员而言，即使是微弱的提升也需要持久的努力，有着更加科学先进的运动设备能够在他们训练的过程中锦上添花。
三、思想观念的改变对中国体育的促进
从体育强国到全民运动，国人对体育的不断重视以及思想观念的进步促进了中国体育事业的发展。体育强则中国强，国运兴则体育兴。1952年6月，毛主席为新中国体育工作题写了“发展体育运动，增强人们体质”的标语。2022年8月开展了首个国家体育节，多个城市开展了“全民健身”的活动。从骑行比赛，徒步行走，到马拉松，武术等各种体育活动，到室内健身房室外体育活动场所的增加，这些无一不证明体育活动在中国的普及和推广。此外，也有越来越多的女性挣脱了“白幼瘦”的束缚，展现出了生命力的磅礴之美。以前的女性总是被社会冠以“相夫教子”的义务，并且以社会上的“肤色白，年龄小，身材瘦”的病态审美为导向。这些都导致一个热爱运动，身材健康，肌肉线条明显的女性会被许多人嘲笑。但是随着社会的发展，这些观念都在不断进行改变。谷爱凌说“我并不像一个男孩子，体育本来也属于女孩”，中国举重运动员侯志慧在奥运中大放异彩，展现出自己的实力的同时也获得了许多人的赞美。游泳运动员张雨霏在游泳过程中的优美身姿让人们看到了女性的坚持之美和力量之美。女性的自信、勇敢、坚强以及敢于独立面对风浪与挫折是许多人学习的榜样，她们用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，对运动的追求无需被定义。
总结
总而言之，近现代以来，体育的发展不是一蹴而就的，经历了很长一段时间的完善，体育的发展可以依靠许多方面来促进。
术语：短跑；兰迪·亨廷顿；田径世锦赛；李宁；匹克；马拉松；武术
参考文献：
[1]. 本刊编辑部.苏炳添科学运动风潮引领者[J].健康中国观察,2023(01):34-36.
[2]. .peaksport.com
[3]. 百度百科

==He Ying 何颖 - Food: Special Snacks in Various Regions of Changde, Hunan==
===Abstract: This article introduces two special foods--beef noodle and Lei-cha to show Changde food culture.===
===Keywords: Food, Changde culture, Beef noodle, Lei-cha.===
====Beef noodle ====
If you ask a person who was born in Hunan province what breakfast he or she ate, the most possible answer was beef noodles. Hunan people like slurp noodles that are "suofen" in the Hunan dialect, and Changde beef noodles are the best of Hunan rice noodles. Do not eat Changde beef noodles. Do you dare say you have been to Hunan? At the same time, the beef noodles in Jinshi are the most famous.
Changde rice noodle is a kind of Han nationality flavor snack in the Changde area of Hunan Province. It has a long history. The reason why it is favored can be traced to its special production technology. First of all, it takes more than ten hours to make white, round, slender and elastic vermicelli. And the quality of rice and water is very high. Local people use early indica rice in the Lishui River Basin. Then the next important step is making the topping-- beef. The beef should be repeatedly rinsed with water, and the lean meat, fat and bobbin bones with blood removed should be picked up and put into the water soup pot on the stove. The herbs made by hundreds of experiments are put into the bottom of the soup pot and cooked for one or two hours with high heat to medium heat. The soup pot is not covered, so the smell of beef exudes, while boiling with a soup spoon to scoop out the floating blood foam.
The most famous beef noodle restaurant in Changde is Liu Deaf. His birth name is Liu Songsheng and his nickname is Liu Deaf because he suffered from otitis media as a child. When the Japanese bombing Changde, Liu Deaf took the whole family and fled to Jinshi. At the beginning, he carried a load of rice noodles to sell for a living, but the business has not improved. Later, he learned from the local Muslim people a very distinctive beef cooking skill. Coupled with his own improvement, the business prospered.
A bowl of humble beef noodle carries the memory of many Changde people. Eating a bowl of powder in the morning is basically the habit of every Changde people. There's no better way to start your day than with a bowl of delicious beef powder. I was born in Changde and my hometown is next to Jinshi. There is always a bowl of beef noodles in my memory, no matter where I go, I will not forget its taste and my small but warm city.

====Grinding tea (Lei-cha/ Sansheng soup)====
Grinding tea, also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup, has a long history. In the 25th year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, General Ma Yuan was ordered by Emperor Wudi of Han to invade Wuxi and led his troops up the Yuanshui River. When the army passed by the village of Wutou (today's peach colony of Changde), because the weather was not suitable, they infected severe wind chill and illed countless. Some people suspect it's a plague. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that: "Many of the soldiers died of epidemics." A local old woman gave the secret recipe of "Sansheng Tang" (that is, mash raw rice, ginger, and tea in a bowl and pour boiling water into the soup) to cure the disease. Ma Yuan ordered the whole army to drink it, which cured the disease and boosted their morale. Since then, "Sansheng soup" can cure all diseases that have been passed down to the present and become a custom in the local.
China is a state of rites. Taoyuan people are hospitable. Drinking Lei-tea is the traditional and special custom of Taoyuan people. When guests come to the house, they will always be warmly received with a table of rich Lei-tea. Put raw leaves (young tea leaves), ginger and rice into a bowl. Pound with a stick and add sesame, peanuts, soybeans and so on. After beating, add water and boil, the room is fragrant with tea. When drinking Lei tea, there are also many snacks and jars made by hosts on the table, which are called "press table". Common side dishes are fried rice, sweet potato chips, pickled radish, beans, cold bean, cucumber, cold dishes, wormwood rice and so on. Each category has more than a dozen kinds.
As to the advantages of drinking Lei-Cha, it can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. Lei-tea is a pure natural drink, not only fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal effects. Often drinking Lei tea also has the effect of blood flow, moistening skin and hair. At the same time, it can also get rid of grease and increase appetite. So often eating Lei-tea can lose weight, strong body and prolong life.
If you go to Taoyuan for the first time to drink this kind of tea, you must drink three bowls. There is a local saying that you don't owe your host until you've finished three bowls. The explanation is that when you finish the first bowl you are a thief, when you finish the second you are a guest, when you finish the third you are a friend. The more you drink, the happier.
Taoyuan lei-tea culture reflects the spiritual of modern people. With the process of modernization, people's life, work pace obviously accelerated, "busy" has become a mantra of many people, which easily makes people psychologically, spiritually nervous. People need to adjust appropriately. Lei-tea has a kind of instinct, which can bring people to a state of leisure and quiet. When you enjoy it, your tired body and mind can easily be comforted.

====Conclusion：====
Changde is a happy city where people live and work happily. Whether it is beef noodle or Lei-tea, they are all Changde's characteristic food. It is said that ordinary food is the most comforting to people. I totally agree. Finally, warmly welcome everyone to taste Changde beef noodle and Lei-tea and experience Changde culture.

Reference:
龙纯,王红兵.地域饮食文化中的色彩设计研究——以常德地方特色“擂茶”文化为例[J].明日风尚,2020(18):20-21.

====Terms and Expressions：====
Suofen 嗦粉
Early indica rice 早籼稻
Liu Deaf 刘聋子
Lei-cha 擂茶
Jinshi津市
Sansheng soup 三生汤
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty 《后汉书》

====Questions:====
1. What is the breakfast that Hunan people often eat?
2. Which ethnic group did Liu deaf refer to for improvement methods?
3. What is the name of Grinding tea?
4. What are the effects of Lei-tea?

====Answers:====
1. Beef noodle.
2. Local Muslim people.
3. Grinding tea is also called Lei-cha or Sansheng soup.
4. It can reduce the summer heat in summer and warm the body in winter. It can also lose weight, strong body and prolong life.