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<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅰ.Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Ⅱ.Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> <br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.(Zeng Gang,2024)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. (Zeng Gang,2024)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> <br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.(Wu Yijun,2022)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.(Wu Yijun,2022)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.(Wu Yijun,2022)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> <br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.(Cao Lindi,2021)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.(Cao Lindi,2021)<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅲ.Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> <br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> <br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> <br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> <br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> <br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> <br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> <br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> <br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> <br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> <br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> <br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> <br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''Ⅰ.介绍'''<br /> <br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''Ⅱ.各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。（曾刚，2024）<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。（曾刚，2024）<br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。（伍怡君，2022）<br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。（伍怡君，2022）<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。（伍怡君，2022）<br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。（曹林娣，2021）<br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。（曹林娣，2021）<br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅲ.结语'''<br /> <br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> <br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> <br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> <br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> <br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> <br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> <br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> <br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> <br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> <br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> <br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> <br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> <br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164933 2024-12-31T15:14:09Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅰ.Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Ⅱ.Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> <br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> <br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> <br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅲ.Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''Ⅰ.介绍'''<br /> <br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''Ⅱ.各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Ⅲ.结语'''<br /> <br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164932 2024-12-31T15:10:08Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> <br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> <br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> <br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> <br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''结语'''<br /> <br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> <br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164931 2024-12-31T15:07:58Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164930 2024-12-31T15:05:23Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164929 2024-12-31T15:04:13Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> <br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164928 2024-12-31T15:02:07Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> <br /> <br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164927 2024-12-31T15:00:44Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164926 2024-12-31T14:59:28Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> '''颐和园中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> '''苏州园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> '''结语'''<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> '''术语与表达'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.什么是匾额与楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和文化中有重要地位？<br /> 3.说出几个重要的园林中的匾额与楹联。<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164922 2024-12-31T14:55:48Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> '''各大园林匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联'''<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164920 2024-12-31T14:53:54Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* Introduction */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction''' <br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> '''Major garden plaques and couplets'''<br /> <br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”'''<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace'''<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens'''<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''中国园林中的匾额楹联'''<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164919 2024-12-31T14:50:19Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Introduction''' ==<br /> <br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> Terms and Expression<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> Questions<br /> 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden?<br /> 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens?<br /> 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.<br /> <br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> 术语与表达<br /> 中国园林 Chinese Garden<br /> 匾额 plaque<br /> 楹联 couplets<br /> 颐和园 the Summer Palace<br /> 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden<br /> 留园 the Lingering Garden<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.什么是匾额和楹联？<br /> 2.为什么匾额和楹联在中国园林和中国文化中有着重要的地位？<br /> 3.请说出几个著名的匾额或楹联。<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164907 2024-12-31T14:36:44Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> Jiang Chenmei/Lilian<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Xiaoxiang_Guan.jpg&diff=164906 2024-12-31T14:35:42Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164905 2024-12-31T14:35:14Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164902 2024-12-31T14:34:01Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* Dec 19,2024 */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend.<br /> <br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

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<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]][[File:Xiequ Garden2.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> [[File:Musweet Xiang Xuan.jpg]]<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]]<br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

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<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> [[File:Yulan Tang.jpg]]<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> [[File:Xiequ Garden.jpg]]<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]]<br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Daoxiang_village.jpg&diff=164885 2024-12-31T14:21:53Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164884 2024-12-31T14:21:31Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]]<br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Xiaoxiang_Guan.jpeg&diff=164872 2024-12-31T13:47:36Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164870 2024-12-31T13:45:47Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> [[File:Xiaoxiang Guan]]<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164866 2024-12-31T13:36:45Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER The plaques and couplets in Chinese garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Pavilion is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Pavilion is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164865 2024-12-31T13:35:49Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* PAPER Plaques and couplets in Chinese Garden */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER The plaques and couplets in Chinese garden==<br /> The plaques and couplets in Chinese garden<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Pavilion is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Pavilion is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=164864 2024-12-31T13:33:41Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend<br /> ==PAPER Plaques and couplets in Chinese Garden==<br /> Plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.<br /> <br /> Major garden plaques and couplets<br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”<br /> The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.<br /> The plaque of Xiaoxiang Pavilion is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Pavilion is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.<br /> The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. <br /> <br /> Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace<br /> The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.<br /> The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.<br /> In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.<br /> The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.<br /> <br /> Plates and couplets in Suzhou gardens<br /> Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.<br /> In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.<br /> In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> 中国园林中的匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。<br /> <br /> 各大园林匾额楹联<br /> <br /> 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联<br /> 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。<br /> 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传说中象征着祥瑞，同时也是后妃的象征，潇湘馆是元妃归省时第一处临幸之地，“有凤来仪”用在此处正合“颂圣”的要求；楹联为“宝鼎茶闲烟尚绿，幽窗棋罢指犹凉”，意为烹茶宝鼎茶闲之时仍觉绿烟袅袅，临窗棋局结束之后依然幽绿生凉，旨在写此处绿竹之深之茂。匾额楹联相衬，既写出了潇湘馆绿竹掩映的景观特征，又暗含着住在此处的人拥有高贵高洁的品性，呼应贵妃的临幸。<br /> 稻香村的匾额则以酒幌石碣的形式呈现，与此处的田园景致相应，石碣上题“稻香村”为此处之名，酒幌上则写“杏帘在望”，用典“红杏梢头挂酒旗”，楹联则书“新涨绿添浣葛处，好云香护采芹人”，意思是春天新涨上的河水边有人浣葛，杏花如云霞一般围绕着读书之人。此处的匾额楹联共同表现出稻香村的山水田园，淡泊恬适的风景。<br /> <br /> 颐和园中的匾额楹联<br /> 颐和园是中国皇家园林的代表，其中山水建筑草木风景或气势恢宏，或清丽婉约，不同的匾额楹联点缀其中，为自然风景增添了一抹人文韵味。<br /> 玉澜堂的楹联为“渚香细裛莲须雨，晓色轻团竹岭烟”，意为昆明湖的荷花在细雨的滋润下更加秀丽清香，玉澜堂的竹林在晓雾的笼罩中愈发苍翠欲滴。既写出了玉澜堂四周有荷花围绕，竹林森森的自然景观，也以花草为君子的象征，表明了住在这里的人的高洁品质，荷花竹子在良好环境的孕育中愈发美好，君子的品格也在良好的环境中愈发高尚。<br /> 谐趣园中的澄爽斋的楹联为：“芝砌春光兰池夏气 ，菊含秋馥桂映冬荣”，意为（澄爽斋）春有灵芝萌发，夏有兰香馥郁，秋有菊花满斋，冬有桂树长青，写出了澄爽斋一年四季的不同风景；同在谐趣园中的饮绿亭上的楹联则书：“云移溪树侵书幌，风送岩泉润墨池”，意为白云浮动，似乎从溪边树梢上要穿过书房的门帘而来，清风吹拂，随风而来泉水的湿气浸润了砚台，写出了一副悠闲恬静的书斋风景。<br /> 养云轩的匾额题为“川泳云飞”，用典“鱼川泳而鸟云飞”，意为（养云轩）前有鱼儿在水中畅游，鸟儿在云中翱翔，楹联：“天外是银河烟波宛转，云中开翠幄香雨菲微”，意为（养云轩）仿佛面对着银河，河中烟波浩渺，坐落在云间，翠绿的帷幄拉开菲菲细雨带着香气扑面而来。一匾一联，两相呼应，共同刻画出养云轩坐落高处，临水而居，云雾氤氲的出尘画面。<br /> <br /> 苏州园林中的匾额楹联<br /> 苏州园林是我国现存规模最大，保存最完整的古典园林，其中拙政园、狮子园、网师园、留园等，都是其中的代表作。不同于北京颐和园的是，这些园林多属私人所有，因而其中山水布置，匾额楹联等，除了描写景色，还额外寄托着更多园主的精神文化追求。<br /> 留园“闻木樨香轩”：“奇石尽含千古秀，桂花香动万山秋”。意为奇峰怪石千奇百怪自古以来钟灵毓秀，秋桂木樨香飘十里万山秋色更添馥郁，与匾额“闻木樨香轩”对应，写出了观赏者在此轩静坐饱览奇石怪峰，细闻木樨芳香的悠闲自在。<br /> 拙政园荷风四面亭抱柱联：四壁荷花三面柳，半潭秋水一房山。此联巧蕴“一、二、三、四”之数，描绘了四季之景，且切合此亭之景。写出了游人独坐亭中，观赏者田田荷叶、依依垂柳、清风徐来、荷香沁人的情态。<br /> <br /> 结语<br /> 匾额楹联是中国园林艺术的重要组成部分之一，好的匾额楹联不仅能够为景观起到画龙点睛的作用，而且还能寄托园主的精神追求，这些匾额楹联不仅有珍贵的审美价值，也有着丰富的文化价值，是中国园林乃至中国文化的瑰宝。<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> 参考文献<br /> [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077.<br /> [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120.<br /> [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18):<br /> [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072.<br /> [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346.<br /> [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140.<br /> [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163951 2024-12-19T08:39:57Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words<br /> ==Dec 13,2024==<br /> I read an English book <br /> ==Dec 14,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 15,2024==<br /> I played an English game <br /> ==Dec 16,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 17,2024==<br /> I watched an English TV show <br /> ==Dec 18,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 19,2024==<br /> I talked with my American friend</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163754 2024-12-12T09:10:10Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163752 2024-12-12T09:08:37Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Example.jpg]]湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words<br /> ==Dec 3,2024==<br /> I read English books <br /> ==Dec 4,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 5,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 6,2024==<br /> I chatted with my friends in English <br /> ==Dec 7,2024==<br /> I wrote an English story <br /> ==Dec 8,2024==<br /> I learned some words <br /> ==Dec 9,2024==<br /> I listened to an English video <br /> ==Dec 10,2024==<br /> I read an English novel <br /> ==Dec 11,2024==<br /> I watched an English movie <br /> ==Dec 12,2024==<br /> I learned some words</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163474 2024-12-02T11:59:19Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Example.jpg]]湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons<br /> ==Nov 29,2024==<br /> I learned words and watched English videos <br /> ==Nov 30,2024==<br /> I read English book and learned words <br /> ==Dec 1,2024==<br /> I watched English book and watched videos <br /> ==Dec 2,2024==<br /> I learned words</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163386 2024-11-28T11:06:06Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation<br /> ==Nov 24,2024==<br /> Nothing today <br /> ==Nov 25,2024==<br /> Listen to English videos <br /> ==Nov 26,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 27,2024==<br /> Translation <br /> ==Nov 28,2024==<br /> Words and listen to English lessons</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=163231 2024-11-23T03:55:49Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words<br /> ==Nov 20,2024==<br /> Words,Reading and translation <br /> ==Nov 21,2024==<br /> Words, translation and listening to videos <br /> ==Nov 22,2024==<br /> Words and reading <br /> ==Nov 23,2024==<br /> Words and translation</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162992 2024-11-19T07:27:45Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening<br /> ==Nov 17,2024==<br /> Reading, and translation <br /> ==Nov 18,2024==<br /> Reading, words <br /> ==Nov 19,2024==<br /> Reading, words</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162991 2024-11-19T07:25:19Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening<br /> ==Nov 15,2024==<br /> Reading, writing, listening <br /> ==Nov 16,2024==<br /> Reading, translation and listening</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162826 2024-11-14T11:31:28Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today<br /> ==Nov 14,2024==<br /> Words ,reading and listening</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162360 2024-11-03T12:13:28Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book<br /> =Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> Learned words and listened to English video and read books and did some translation <br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I learned nothing today</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162328 2024-11-01T15:38:15Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, 2024==<br /> learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> learn words and read English book</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162327 2024-11-01T15:36:49Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> ==Oct 31, learn words with app and listen to English video <br /> ==Nov 1st, learn words and read English book</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Jiang_Chenmei&diff=162321 2024-11-01T15:25:47Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学23级英语笔译<br /> <br /> 2024.11.1 使用单词软件背单词，听听力video并跟读</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162096 2024-09-25T13:05:13Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35 */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Jiang Chenmei<br /> *Lilian<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Anne<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br /> <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Chinese mortise and tenon craftsmanship（中国榫卯工艺）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Tourism:&quot;Special Forces&quot; Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<br /> <br /> 33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<br /> <br /> 35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora) p.949[[Media:Gods and Immortals1]][[Media:Gods and Immortals2]]</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162095 2024-09-25T13:04:13Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35 */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Jiang Chenmei<br /> *Lilian<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Anne<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br /> <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Chinese mortise and tenon craftsmanship（中国榫卯工艺）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Tourism:&quot;Special Forces&quot; Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<br /> <br /> 33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<br /> <br /> 35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]][[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora) p.949[[Media:Gods and Immortals1]][[Media:Gods and Immortals2]]</div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Gardens_2024.pptx&diff=162093 2024-09-25T13:01:49Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Chinese_Garden-240919part2.pptx&diff=162088 2024-09-25T12:31:54Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Jiang Chenmei https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162087 2024-09-25T12:12:42Z

<p>Jiang Chenmei: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Jiang Chenmei<br /> *Lilian<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Anne<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br /> <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Chinese mortise and tenon craftsmanship（中国榫卯工艺）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Tourism:&quot;Special Forces&quot; Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<br /> <br /> 33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<br /> <br /> 35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:</div>

Jiang Chenmei