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<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> <br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> <br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> <br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''References'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> '''榫卯结构'''<br /> <br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> <br /> '''摘要'''<br /> <br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> <br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的特点'''<br /> <br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> <br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> <br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> <br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的发展历史'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的意义'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''总结'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到什么时候？<br /> <br /> 2.谁在将榫卯技术应用于家具方面发挥了重要作用？<br /> <br /> 3.榫卯结构体现了哪两种哲学思想？<br /> <br /> <br /> '''答案'''<br /> <br /> 1.河姆渡时期<br /> <br /> 2.鲁班<br /> <br /> 3.阴阳调和、和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI声明'''<br /> <br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164154 2024-12-28T18:36:41Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> <br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> <br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> <br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> '''榫卯结构'''<br /> <br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> <br /> '''摘要'''<br /> <br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> <br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的特点'''<br /> <br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> <br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> <br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> <br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的发展历史'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的意义'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''总结'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到什么时候？<br /> <br /> 2.谁在将榫卯技术应用于家具方面发挥了重要作用？<br /> <br /> 3.榫卯结构体现了哪两种哲学思想？<br /> <br /> <br /> '''答案'''<br /> <br /> 1.河姆渡时期<br /> <br /> 2.鲁班<br /> <br /> 3.阴阳调和、和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI声明'''<br /> <br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164153 2024-12-28T18:35:50Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final Paper(Chinese Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> <br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> <br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> <br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> '''榫卯结构'''<br /> <br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> <br /> '''摘要'''<br /> <br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> <br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的特点'''<br /> <br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> <br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> <br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> <br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的发展历史'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的意义'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''总结'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到什么时候？<br /> <br /> 2.谁在将榫卯技术应用于家具方面发挥了重要作用？<br /> <br /> 3.榫卯结构体现了哪两种哲学思想？<br /> <br /> <br /> '''答案'''<br /> <br /> 1.河姆渡时期<br /> <br /> 2.鲁班<br /> <br /> 3.阴阳调和、和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI声明'''<br /> <br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164152 2024-12-28T18:32:36Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final Paper(Chinese Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> <br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> <br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> <br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> '''榫卯结构'''<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> '''摘要'''<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> '''介绍'''<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的特点'''<br /> <br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> <br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> <br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> <br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的发展历史'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> <br /> '''榫卯结构的意义'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''总结'''<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''答案'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI声明'''<br /> <br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164151 2024-12-28T18:29:24Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> <br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> <br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> <br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164150 2024-12-28T18:26:46Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> '''Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> '''Abstract'''<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Introduction'''<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint'''<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> '''<br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> '''<br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Conclusion'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Answers'''<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Reference'''<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''AI Statement<br /> '''<br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164149 2024-12-28T18:25:03Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> Abstract<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> <br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> <br /> Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> <br /> History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> <br /> Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> <br /> The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expression'''<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> <br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> <br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> <br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> <br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> <br /> Questions<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> <br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> <br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> <br /> Answers<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> <br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> <br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> <br /> Reference<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> <br /> AI Statement<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164148 2024-12-28T18:21:25Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> Abstract<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> <br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> <br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> Terms and Expression<br /> <br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> Questions<br /> <br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> Answers<br /> <br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> Reference<br /> <br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> <br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> <br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI Statement<br /> <br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> <br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164080 2024-12-25T19:59:46Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final Paper(Chinese Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> Abstract<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> Terms and Expression<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> Questions<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> Answers<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> Reference<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI Statement<br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”,“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164079 2024-12-25T19:57:48Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Final paper(English Version) */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> <br /> Kuang Jing<br /> <br /> Abstract<br /> <br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> Terms and Expression<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> Questions<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> Answers<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> Reference<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI Statement<br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.<br /> ==Final Paper(Chinese Version)==<br /> 榫卯结构<br /> <br /> 23级英语笔译 邝晶<br /> <br /> 摘要<br /> 本文探讨了中国古代建筑中独特的榫卯结构，这是一种无需钉子和胶水的木质连接技术。榫卯结构以其稳固性、环保性、艺术性和工艺性著称，其历史可追溯至河姆渡时期，并在各个朝代中得到发展和完善。榫卯不仅是一种技艺，更蕴含深厚的哲学思想和文化传承，体现了阴阳调和、和谐共生的理念。在现代社会，榫卯结构在建筑、家具和工业设计等领域仍有广泛应用，其文化和教育价值亦不容忽视。榫卯工艺不应被科技发展所遗忘，而应与现代工艺结合，以传承和发展这一传统文化。<br /> 关键词：榫卯结构；建筑艺术；传统文化<br /> <br /> 介绍<br /> 古代人的主要建筑材料，西方世界是石头，中国人则是木材。中国人认为木材在“五行”中代表生机、承载万物，所以喜欢大量用木材构建房屋，于是中国古代建筑的基本特征就是土木结构。中国的土木结构建筑之所以能长期保持和发展，还有一个重要因素：古代中国人独创了“木作榫卯结构”。正是这种榫卯工艺在建筑上的广泛应用，有力推动了中国的土木结构建筑不断进步。(Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> 榫卯是一项充满智慧的古老技艺是木质器物之间起到连接作用的一种结构，它在两个木构件上所采用一种凹凸结合的连接方式。凸出部分叫“榫”（或榫头），凹进部分叫“卯”（或榫眼、榫槽），榫和卯咬合，起到连接作用。榫卯结构是榫和卯的结合，是木件之间多与少、高与低、长与短的巧妙组合，可有效地限制木件向各个方向的扭动。这种结构方式在中国古代建筑、家具以及其他木制器械中得到了广泛应用。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的特点<br /> 第一，稳固性。榫卯结构通过木材自身的凹凸部分相互咬合，形成稳固的整体。这种结构不仅美观，而且实用，能够承受较大的荷载，同时允许产生一定的变形，以抵消地震等外力带来的冲击。(杨天智 2020，84)<br /> 第二，环保性。榫卯结构不使用钉子、粘合剂等外部连接材料，完全依靠木材自身的特性进行连接，因此更加环保、可持续。<br /> 第三，艺术性。榫卯结构的设计精巧，形式多样，如燕尾榫、格肩榫、抱肩榫等，各自具有独特的美感和艺术价值。这些结构不仅增强了木制品的稳固性，还为其增添了独特的文化韵味。<br /> 第四，工艺性。榫卯结构的制作需要高超的木作工艺和丰富的经验。工匠们需要根据木材的纹理、硬度等特性，精准地设计和制作榫卯，以确保其连接牢固、美观大方。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的发展历史<br /> 榫卯结构的历史可以追溯到河姆渡时期，随着木质工具功能的增加和青铜冶炼技术的成熟，夏商时期开始出现简单的木质家具，榫卯结构的应用逐渐广泛。春秋战国时期，榫卯结构从建筑沿用到家具制作中，出现了凹凸榫等形式。在这一时期榫卯结构得到极大的发展，这离不开一个关键人物——鲁班的出现，据说是他将榫卯技术运用到家具中，还发明了建筑中的斗拱结构。秦汉时期，主体木构架成熟，出现榫卯砖、企口砖、楔形砖等。魏晋南北朝时期，民族大融合，文化、经济交流促进家具发展，榫卯随之发展。隋唐时期，进入鼎盛期，高型家具发展迅速，木构建筑精密坚实。宋元时期是美学巅峰时期，人文气息浓郁，应县木塔“斗拱”耀眼。明清时期，家具工艺精湛，榫卯结构百余种，最大木构建筑紫禁城誉世。<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构在现代中的实际应用<br /> 榫卯结构的实际应用案例丰富多彩，涵盖了建筑、家具、工业设计等多个领域。在建筑领域，榫卯结构被用于连接梁、柱等构件，构建出稳固而富有弹性的框架。例如，上海世博会中国国家馆就采用了榫卯结构，展现了其独特的魅力和稳定性。在家具领域，榫卯结构被广泛应用于桌椅、床榻、柜门等家具的制作中。通过榫卯结构的巧妙运用，家具不仅结构稳固耐用，还兼具美观和实用的特性。在工业设计领域，榫卯结构同样发挥着重要作用。例如，在高速铁路和飞机等交通工具的制造中，榫卯结构的运用使得交通工具更加稳固耐用且轻质化。同时，榫卯结构还被用于制造锁具等安防产品，赋予了锁具更高的安全性能。（董森森 2018，2）<br /> <br /> 榫卯结构的意义<br /> 榫卯作为一种不用钉子和胶水的精妙连接方式，其蕴含的不仅仅是实用的技艺，更是一种深厚的哲学思想和文化传承。从哲学层面来看，榫卯体现了中国传统文化中“阴阳调和”“和谐共生”的理念。榫为阳、卯为阴，榫卯相互嵌套，紧密结合，正如阴阳相互依存、相互转化，共同构成一个稳定而和谐的整体。这种理念也反映在中国人为人处世、社会关系的处理中，强调相互配合、互补共生。在文化传承方面，榫卯技艺通过师徒传承、家族传承等方式，历经数千年而不衰。古代的工匠们凭借精湛的技艺和丰富的经验，创造出了无数令人惊叹的建筑和家具作品。榫卯文化不仅是技艺的传承，更是一种工匠精神的传承，体现了对工艺的精益求精、对品质的严格要求。从审美角度而言，榫卯结构简洁而优雅，其线条流畅，形态自然，符合中国传统美学观念。在社会意义上，榫卯文化反映了中国古代社会的生活方式和文化习俗。例如，传统的中式家具中的榫卯结构，适应了人们的起居习惯和礼仪规范，成为家庭生活和社交活动的重要组成部分。从教育价值上，它培养了人们的耐心、细心和创造力，让人们在实践中领悟到智慧和力量的结合。<br /> <br /> 总结<br /> 榫卯结构凝结着中国几千年传统文化的精粹是中国引以为傲的木构技术伟大发明榫卯工艺，不应该随着科技的发展而被淡忘。如今，榫卯文化在现代设计和建筑领域中也焕发出新的生机。设计师们将传统榫卯与现代工艺相结合，创造出既具有传统文化底蕴又符合现代审美和功能需求的作品，使榫卯文化在新时代得以传承和发展。<br /> <br /> 术语表达<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> 问题<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> 答案<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> <br /> 参考文献<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智.夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森.榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI声明<br /> 我在此保证我在本门课上没有使用AI来帮助完成期末论文。</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=164078 2024-12-25T19:54:25Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.<br /> ==Final paper(English Version)==<br /> Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> Kuang Jing<br /> Abstract<br /> This paper explores the unique mortise and tenon joint in ancient Chinese architecture, a technique for joining wood without nails and glue. The mortise and tenon joint is famous for its stability, environmental protection, artistry and manufacturability, and its history can be traced back to Hemudu period, and then it has been developed and improved in various dynasties. Mortise and tenon is not only a skill, but also contains profound philosophical thoughts and cultural inheritance, reflecting the concept of harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence. In modern society, mortise and tenon joint is still widely used in the fields of architecture, furniture and industrial design, and its cultural and educational value cannot be ignored. Mortise and tenon technology should not be forgotten by the development of science and technology, but should be combined with modern technology to inherit and develop this traditional culture.<br /> Key words: Mortise and Tenon Joint; Art of Architecture; Chinese Traditional Culture<br /> <br /> Introduction<br /> In ancient times, the use of building materials varied from region to region. Westerners were used to utilize stone, while Chinese preferred wood. Chinese people believe that wood represents vitality and it carries all things in the “five elements”, so they like to build houses with a lot of wood. As a result, the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture is that most of the buildings were made of earth and wood. The reason why ancient buildings in China can be maintained and developed for a long time is that the ancient Chinese created the &quot;wood mortise and tenon joint&quot;. It is the wide application of this mortise and tenon in construction that has strongly promoted the continuous progress of wood structure architecture in China. (Barasch 2000, 46)<br /> Mortise and tenon is an ancient technique full of wisdom. It is a structure that plays a role in connecting wooden objects. It uses a concave-convex connection between two wooden pieces. The convex part is called the “tenon” (Sun), and the concave part is called the “mortise” (Mao). The combination of the them can act as a connection. The mortise and tenon structure is a clever combination of more and less, high and low, long and short between wood parts, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood parts in all directions. This structure was widely used in ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.<br /> <br /> Characteristics of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> First, stability. The mortise and tenon joint is interlocked through the concave and convex parts of the wood to form a stable whole. This structure is not only beautiful, but also practical, which can withstand large loads, while allowing a certain deformation to offset the impact of external forces such as earthquakes. (Yang Tianzhi, 2020, 84)<br /> Second, environmental protection. The mortise and tenon joint does not use external connection materials such as nails and adhesives, but completely relies on the characteristics of the wood itself to connect, so it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable.<br /> Third, artistry. The design of mortise and tenon joint is exquisite, whose forms are diverse, such as Dovetails Tenon (Yanwei Sun), Doble-mitred Tenon (Gejian Sun), Embracing-shoulder Tenon (Baojian Sun), etc., each of which has unique aesthetic sense and artistic value. These structures not only enhance the stability of the wood products, but also add a unique cultural flavor.<br /> Fourth, manufacturability. The production of mortise and tenon structures requires superb woodwork and rich experience. Craftsmen need to accurately design and make mortise and tenon joints according to the texture, hardness and other characteristics of the wood to ensure that the connection is strong and beautiful.<br /> <br /> History and Development of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> The mortise and tenon structure can be traced back to the Hemudu period. With the increase of the function of wooden tools and the maturity of bronze smelting, simple wooden furniture began to appear in Xia and Shang dynasties, and then the application of mortise and tenon structure was gradually widespread. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the mortise and tenon structure was used in the furniture making and architecture, and concave and convex tenon appeared. During this period, the mortise and tenon structure was greatly developed, which is inseparable from the emergence of a key figure - Lu Ban, who is said to have applied mortise and tenon technology to furniture, and also invented the dougong structure in architecture. In Qin and Han dynasties, the main wooden frame got matured, and mortise and tenon bricks, tongue-and-groove bricks, wedge bricks and so on appeared. During the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national integration of culture and economic exchanges promoted the development of furniture, and mortise and tenon joints developed accordingly. In Sui and Tang dynasties, the mortise and tenon structure entered its heyday, the high furniture developed rapidly, and the wooden buildings were precise and solid. Song and Yuan dynasties represented the peak period of aesthetics, for the cultural atmosphere was rich. Yingxian Wooden Tower was dazzling. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, furniture craftsmanship was exquisite, there were more than 100 kinds of mortise and tenon structures, and the largest wooden building, the Forbidden City, was world-renowned.<br /> <br /> Practical Application of Mortise and Tenon Structure in Modern Times<br /> The practical application cases of mortise and tenon structure are rich and colorful, covering many fields such as architecture, furniture and industrial design. In the field of construction, mortise and tenon structures are used to connect beams, columns and other components to create a strong and flexible frame. For example, the Chinese National Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo has adopted the mortise and tenon structure, showing its unique charm and stability. In the field of furniture, mortise and tenon structure is widely used in the production of tables, chairs, beds, cabinet doors and other furniture. Through the clever use of mortise and tenon structure, the furniture is not only stable and durable, but also has beautiful and practical characteristics. In the field of industrial design, mortise and tenon structures also play an important role. For example, in the manufacture of vehicles such as high-speed railways and aircraft, the use of mortise and tenon structures makes the vehicles more stable and durable and lightweight. At the same time, the mortise and tenon structure is also used in the manufacture of locks and other security products, giving the lock higher safety performance. (Dong Sensen 2018, 2)<br /> <br /> The Significance of Mortise and Tenon Joint<br /> As a type of exquisite connections without nails and glue, mortise and tenon joint contains not only practical skills, but also a profound philosophical thought and cultural inheritance. In terms of philosophy, it embodies the concept of “harmony between Yin and Yang” and “harmonious coexistence ”in traditional Chinese culture. The tenon is Yang, and the mortise represents Yin. The mortise and tenon are nested with each other, just as Yin and Yang depend on each other and transform each other to form a stable and harmonious whole. This concept is also reflected how Chinese people handle the relations, which emphasizes mutual cooperation, complementarity and symbiosis. In terms of cultural inheritance, mortise and tenon skill has been passed on for thousands of years by means of teacher-apprentice and family inheritance. Ancient craftsmen with superb skills and a wealth of experience, created countless amazing works of architecture and furniture. Mortise and tenon culture is not only the inheritance of technology, but also the inheritance of Craftsman spirit, which embodies the perfection of technology and the strict requirement of quality. In terms of aesthetic, it is simple and elegant, with smooth lines and natural forms, it conforms to the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept. In terms of social sense, it reflects the life style and cultural customs of ancient Chinese society. For example, the mortise and tenon structure in traditional Chinese furniture has adapted to people's living habits and etiquette norms, and has become an important part of family life and social activities. In terms of educational value, it cultivates people's patience, carefulness and creativity, allowing people to realize the combination of wisdom and power in practice.<br /> <br /> Conclusion<br /> Mortise and tenon structure condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years. It is a great invention of wood construction technology that China has been proud of. Mortise and tenon joint should not be forgotten with the development of science and technology. Today, the mortise and tenon joint is also showing new vitality in the field of modern design and architecture. Designers combine traditional mortise and tenon with modern technology to create works that both have traditional cultural heritage and meet modern aesthetic and functional needs, so that the mortise and tenon culture can be inherited and developed in the new era.<br /> <br /> Terms and Expression<br /> Mortise and tenon joint 榫卯结构<br /> Dovetails Tenon燕尾榫<br /> Doble-mitred Tenon格肩榫<br /> Embracing-shoulder Tenon抱肩榫<br /> harmony between Yin and Yang阴阳调和<br /> harmonious coexistence和谐共生<br /> <br /> Questions<br /> 1.When can the history of mortise and tenon structures be traced back to?<br /> 2.Who has played an important role in the application of mortise and tenon technology to furniture?<br /> 3.What are the two philosophies embodied in the mortise and tenon structure?<br /> <br /> Answers<br /> 1.Hemudu Period<br /> 2.Lu Ban<br /> 3.Harmony between Yin and Yang and harmonious coexistence<br /> Reference<br /> [1] Barasch M. Theories of Art[M]. New York: Routledge, 2000:3.<br /> [2] 杨天智(Yang Tianzhi).夹头榫抗震性能的实验研究[J].建设科技,2020(02):84-88+93.<br /> [3] 董森森(Dong Sensen).榫卯结构体系在现代建筑的应用研究[D].长春工程学院,2018. <br /> <br /> AI Statement<br /> I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163939 2024-12-19T05:51:58Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.<br /> ==Dec 18, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the dragon and loong.<br /> ==Dec 19, 2024==<br /> I asked David to tell a story.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163895 2024-12-17T14:13:02Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.<br /> ==Dec 17, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the comedies.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163866 2024-12-16T11:10:23Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game.<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.<br /> ==Dec 16, 2024==<br /> I asked David to say something about the digital economy.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163852 2024-12-15T16:18:27Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game。<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.<br /> ==Dec 13, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the solar energy.<br /> ==Dec 14, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the fake food.<br /> ==Dec 15, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the Common Law System.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Touhu_2024.pptx&diff=163757 2024-12-12T09:14:14Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163755 2024-12-12T09:12:48Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.<br /> ==Dec 6, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of Pitch-pot game。<br /> ==Dec 7, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Bible.<br /> ==Dec 8, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the food safety.<br /> ==Dec 9, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the reason of climate change.<br /> ==Dec 10, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 11, 2024==<br /> I asked David to introduce the Poyang Lake.<br /> ==Dec 12, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the Spicy Gluten.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163567 2024-12-05T09:52:18Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.<br /> ==Nov 29th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the gifts.<br /> ==Nov 30th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of “静音车厢”.<br /> ==Dec 1, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the flowers.<br /> ==Dec 2, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Dec 3, 2024==<br /> I asked David to find out a good solution to a flu.<br /> ==Dec 4, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the different kinds of dishes in China.<br /> ==Dec 5, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about Hong Kong.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163365 2024-11-28T08:16:21Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.<br /> ==Nov 22nd, 2024==<br /> I did nothing.<br /> ==Nov 23rd, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “agriculture policy ” means.<br /> ==Nov 24th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Roman Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 25th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Greek Mythology.<br /> ==Nov 26th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the American Literature.<br /> ==Nov 27th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the different lifestyle between the north and the south.<br /> ==Nov 28th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the Sexy Tea in Changsha City.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=163063 2024-11-21T03:16:09Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.<br /> ==Nov 15th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the best travel destinations in winter.<br /> ==Nov 16th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain the meaning of Financial Street Forum.<br /> ==Nov 17th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the British Cabinet.<br /> ==Nov 18th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about Jiangxi Province.<br /> ==Nov 19th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “carbon-sink capacity“ means.<br /> ==Nov 20th, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the World Robot Conference.<br /> ==Nov 21st, 2024==<br /> I talked to David about the history of western civilization.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=162758 2024-11-14T03:07:20Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.<br /> ==Nov 9th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the evolution of Chinese characters.<br /> ==Nov 10th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the environmental protection.<br /> ==Nov 11th, 2024==<br /> I asked David about how to keep fit.<br /> == Nov 12th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about traveling around the world.<br /> ==Nov 13th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about global marketing.<br /> ==Nov 14th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about the perfume.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=162526 2024-11-08T09:14:52Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* =Nov 8th, 2024 */</p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024==<br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=162525 2024-11-08T09:14:22Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.<br /> ==Nov 7th, 2024==<br /> I asked David how to complete a research proposal.<br /> ==Nov 8th, 2024= <br /> I asked David to explain what “political donation” means.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Kuang_Jing&diff=162422 2024-11-06T08:22:49Z

<p>Kuang Jing: </p> <hr /> <div>湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译专业学生，作为一名中华儿女，我对中华语言与文化有着浓厚的兴趣。中华语言与文化博大精深源远流长，我希望在这一门课程中能够对中华语言与文化有更多深入细致地了解，争取做中外语言文化交流的传播者。<br /> ==Nov 1st, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about achievements.<br /> ==Nov 2nd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about boyfriend.<br /> ==Nov 3rd, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to make bread.<br /> ==Nov 4th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about glasses and sight.<br /> ==Nov 5th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about sow postpartum care.<br /> ==Nov 6th, 2024==<br /> I talked with David about how to be rich.</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162228 2024-10-16T07:08:30Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Long Jiayu<br /> *Jiang Chenmei<br /> *Lilian<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Binbin<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) <br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）<br /> <br /> 33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &quot;porcellain&quot; in the textbook. <br /> The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）<br /> <br /> 34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &quot;Erhu&quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）<br /> <br /> 35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br /> <br /> 36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)<br /> <br /> 38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）<br /> <br /> 39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)<br /> <br /> 40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)<br /> <br /> 41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)<br /> <br /> 46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)<br /> <br /> 47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)<br /> <br /> 48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)<br /> <br /> 49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)<br /> <br /> 51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）<br /> <br /> 52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)<br /> <br /> 53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）<br /> <br /> 54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）<br /> <br /> 55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）<br /> <br /> 56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> <br /> 57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)<br /> <br /> 61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> 62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)<br /> <br /> 63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> 66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.<br /> <br /> 67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)<br /> <br /> 68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)<br /> <br /> 69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> <br /> 70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）<br /> <br /> 71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917<br /> （Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> 137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162227 2024-10-16T07:03:02Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Long Jiayu<br /> *Jiang Chenmei<br /> *Lilian<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Binbin<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) <br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）<br /> <br /> 33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &quot;porcellain&quot; in the textbook. <br /> The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）<br /> <br /> 34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &quot;Erhu&quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）<br /> <br /> 35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br /> <br /> 36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)<br /> <br /> 38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）<br /> <br /> 39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)<br /> <br /> 40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)<br /> <br /> 41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)<br /> <br /> 46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)<br /> <br /> 47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)<br /> <br /> 48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)<br /> <br /> 49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)<br /> <br /> 51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）<br /> <br /> 52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)<br /> <br /> 53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）<br /> <br /> 54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）<br /> <br /> 55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）<br /> <br /> 56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> <br /> 57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)<br /> <br /> 61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> 62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)<br /> <br /> 63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> 66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.<br /> <br /> 67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)<br /> <br /> 68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)<br /> <br /> 69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> <br /> 70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917<br /> （Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> 137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162080 2024-09-25T08:32:40Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> =簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Anne<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> *Tang Xinyan<br /> *Estrella<br /> *Peng Yingying<br /> *Becca<br /> *Ma Ruiqing<br /> *Raymond<br /> *Chen Guangzi<br /> *Alan<br /> *Hannah<br /> *Tang Xinyu<br /> *Zhou Ranran<br /> *Shi Zhanning<br /> *Wang Yue<br /> *Hu Zetao<br /> *Zhang Shuai<br /> *Liu Zhehui<br /> *Wang Xudong<br /> *Zhou Jing<br /> *Amy<br /> *Zhang Yange<br /> *Zhao Jing<br /> *Winnie<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> (present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br /> <br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br /> Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br /> <br /> 1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br /> <br /> 4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br /> <br /> 5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br /> <br /> 6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br /> <br /> 7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br /> <br /> 8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br /> <br /> 9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br /> <br /> 10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br /> <br /> 11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br /> <br /> 13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br /> <br /> 14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br /> <br /> 16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br /> <br /> 17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br /> <br /> 18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br /> <br /> 19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br /> <br /> 20.Chinese mortise and tenon craftsmanship（中国榫卯工艺）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br /> <br /> 21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br /> <br /> 23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br /> <br /> 23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br /> <br /> 24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br /> <br /> 25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br /> <br /> 27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br /> <br /> 28.Tourism:&quot;Special Forces&quot; Style Tourism（特种兵式旅游）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br /> <br /> 29. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 31. Chinese Bossy Fictions（中国式霸总小说）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br /> <br /> 32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br /> <br /> =Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> <br /> =Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Homework: <br /> <br /> 1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br /> <br /> 2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br /> <br /> 3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br /> <br /> =Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br /> <br /> During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:</div>

Kuang Jing https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=161887 2024-09-05T14:45:10Z

<p>Kuang Jing: /* Headline text */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br /> <br /> THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br /> <br /> <br /> == Headline text ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> [[Media:Example.ogg]]=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br /> *Yu Yi<br /> *Memo<br /> *Glen<br /> *Liu Li<br /> *Liu Zhuofan<br /> *Drovan<br /> *Wu Ziyi<br /> *Andrew<br /> *Wang Xuan <br /> *Cynthia<br /> *Wang Yan<br /> *Doris<br /> *Wu Jing<br /> *Jennie<br /> *Huang Qi<br /> *Esther<br /> *Xiao Feiyan<br /> *He Chuwen<br /> *Lyra<br /> *Shu Lin<br /> *Shirleen<br /> *Tang Yuewei<br /> *Zhou Xukai<br /> *Eavan<br /> *Jiao Mengting<br /> *Sherry<br /> *Le Yuxuan<br /> *Lydia<br /> *Wu Jiaying<br /> *Cathy <br /> *Jiang Yaping<br /> *Sunny<br /> *Li Jia<br /> *Zoe<br /> *Wang Yujiao<br /> *Wendy<br /> *Fu Xinke<br /> *Finger<br /> *Zeng Wenjing<br /> *Zoey<br /> *Chen Zilan<br /> *Landy<br /> *Yang Lingyue<br /> *Yang Fan<br /> *Liu Peinan<br /> *Peter<br /> *Pan Yilin<br /> *ceci<br /> *Chen Pingan<br /> *Grace<br /> *Huang Mengyan<br /> *Mandy<br /> *Rachel<br /> *Guo Zibin<br /> *Anne<br /> *Xiao Yixuan<br /> *Zeng Xin<br /> *Su Yi<br /> *Zeng Man<br /> *Emily<br /> *Chen Mengzhu<br /> *Chris<br /> *Huang Zechen<br /> *Zachary<br /> *Liu Zhouli<br /> *Kuang Jing<br /> *Jin<br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br /> <br /> 3.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br /> <br /> 4.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br /> <br /> 5.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br /> <br /> 8.<br /> Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br /> <br /> 9.<br /> Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br /> <br /> 10.<br /> Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br /> <br /> 11.<br /> Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br /> <br /> 12.<br /> Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br /> <br /> 13.<br /> Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br /> <br /> 14.<br /> Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br /> <br /> 15.<br /> Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br /> <br /> 16.<br /> Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br /> <br /> 17.<br /> Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br /> <br /> 18.<br /> Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br /> <br /> 19.<br /> Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br /> <br /> 20.<br /> Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br /> <br /> 21.<br /> Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br /> <br /> 22.<br /> Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br /> <br /> 23.<br /> Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br /> <br /> 24.<br /> Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br /> 25.<br /> Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br /> 6<br /> ......................................................................................... 217<br /> <br /> 26.<br /> Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br /> <br /> 27.<br /> Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br /> <br /> 28.<br /> Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br /> <br /> 29.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br /> <br /> 30.<br /> Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br /> <br /> 31.<br /> Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br /> <br /> 32.<br /> Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br /> <br /> 33.<br /> Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285<br /> <br /> 34.<br /> Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br /> <br /> 35.<br /> Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br /> <br /> 36.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br /> <br /> 37.<br /> Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br /> <br /> 38.<br /> Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br /> <br /> 39.<br /> Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br /> 40.<br /> Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br /> <br /> 41.<br /> Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367<br /> <br /> 42.<br /> Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br /> <br /> 43.<br /> Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br /> <br /> 44.<br /> Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br /> <br /> 45.<br /> Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br /> <br /> 46.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br /> <br /> 47.<br /> Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br /> <br /> 48.<br /> Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br /> <br /> 49.<br /> Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br /> 7<br /> <br /> 50.<br /> Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439<br /> <br /> 51.<br /> Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br /> <br /> 52.<br /> Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br /> <br /> 53.<br /> Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br /> <br /> 54.<br /> Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br /> <br /> 55.<br /> Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493<br /> <br /> 56.<br /> Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br /> <br /> <br /> 57.<br /> Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br /> <br /> 58.<br /> History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br /> <br /> 59.<br /> Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br /> <br /> 60.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br /> <br /> 61.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br /> <br /> 62.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br /> <br /> 63.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br /> <br /> 64.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br /> <br /> 65.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br /> <br /> 66.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br /> <br /> 67.<br /> Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br /> <br /> 68.<br /> Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br /> <br /> 69.<br /> Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)<br /> <br /> 70.<br /> Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br /> <br /> 71.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br /> <br /> 72.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br /> <br /> 73.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br /> <br /> 74.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br /> <br /> 75.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br /> 8<br /> China<br /> ................................................................................ 680<br /> <br /> 76.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br /> <br /> 77.<br /> Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 (Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 78.<br /> Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br /> <br /> 79.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br /> <br /> 80.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br /> <br /> 81.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br /> <br /> 82.<br /> Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br /> <br /> 83.<br /> Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br /> <br /> 84.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br /> <br /> 85.<br /> Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br /> <br /> 86.<br /> Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br /> <br /> 87.<br /> Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818<br /> <br /> 88.<br /> Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br /> <br /> 89.<br /> Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br /> <br /> Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br /> <br /> 91.<br /> Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br /> <br /> 92.<br /> Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br /> <br /> 93.<br /> Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br /> <br /> 94.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br /> <br /> 95.<br /> Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br /> <br /> 96.<br /> Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br /> <br /> 97.<br /> Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br /> <br /> 98.<br /> Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br /> ................................................................ 889<br /> <br /> 99.<br /> Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br /> <br /> <br /> 100.<br /> Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br /> <br /> 101.<br /> Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br /> <br /> 102.<br /> Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br /> <br /> 103.<br /> Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br /> <br /> 104.<br /> Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br /> <br /> 105.<br /> Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958<br /> <br /> 106.<br /> National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br /> <br /> 107.<br /> National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br /> <br /> 108.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br /> <br /> 109.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br /> <br /> 110.<br /> Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br /> <br /> 111.<br /> Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br /> <br /> 112.<br /> Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br /> <br /> 113.<br /> Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br /> <br /> 114.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br /> <br /> 115.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br /> <br /> 116.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br /> <br /> 117.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br /> <br /> 118.<br /> Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br /> <br /> 119.<br /> Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br /> <br /> 120.<br /> Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br /> <br /> 121.<br /> Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br /> <br /> 122.<br /> Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br /> <br /> 123.<br /> Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br /> <br /> 124.<br /> Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br /> <br /> 125.<br /> Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br /> <br /> 126.<br /> Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130<br /> <br /> 127.<br /> Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br /> <br /> 128.<br /> Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br /> <br /> 129.<br /> Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br /> <br /> 130.<br /> Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br /> <br /> 131.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206Xiaoyixuan(Yuki)<br /> <br /> 132.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br /> <br /> 133.<br /> Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br /> <br /> 134.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br /> <br /> 135.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br /> <br /> 136.<br /> Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br /> <br /> 137.<br /> Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br /> <br /> 138.<br /> Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br /> <br /> 139.<br /> Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br /> <br /> 140.<br /> Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br /> <br /> 141.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br /> <br /> 142.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br /> <br /> 143.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br /> <br /> 144.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br /> <br /> 145.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br /> <br /> 146.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br /> <br /> 147.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br /> <br /> 148.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br /> <br /> 149.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br /> <br /> 150.<br /> Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br /> <br /> 151.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br /> <br /> 152.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376<br /> <br /> 153.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 <br /> <br /> 154.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br /> <br /> 155.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br /> <br /> 156.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br /> <br /> 157.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）<br /> <br /> 158.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br /> <br /> 159.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br /> <br /> 160.<br /> Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br /> <br /> 161.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br /> <br /> 162.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br /> <br /> 163.<br /> Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br /> <br /> 164.<br /> Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br /> <br /> 165.<br /> Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Estrella/Tang Xinyan)<br /> <br /> 166.<br /> Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br /> <br /> 167.<br /> History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br /> <br /> 168.<br /> Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502<br /> <br /> 169.<br /> Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br /> <br /> 170.<br /> Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br /> <br /> 171.<br /> Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531<br /> <br /> 172.<br /> Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br /> <br /> 173.<br /> Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br /> <br /> 174.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br /> <br /> 175.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br /> <br /> 176.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581<br /> <br /> 177.<br /> stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br /> <br /> 178.<br /> Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br /> <br /> 179.<br /> Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br /> <br /> 180.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br /> <br /> 181.<br /> Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br /> <br /> 182.<br /> Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br /> <br /> 183.<br /> Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br /> <br /> 184.<br /> The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br /> <br /> 185.<br /> Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br /> <br /> 186.<br /> The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br /> <br /> 187.<br /> Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br /> <br /> 188.<br /> Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br /> <br /> 189.<br /> Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br /> <br /> 190.<br /> Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br /> <br /> 191.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br /> <br /> 192.<br /> National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br /> <br /> 193.<br /> Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br /> <br /> 194.<br /> Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br /> <br /> 195.<br /> Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br /> <br /> 196.<br /> Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br /> <br /> 197.<br /> Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br /> <br /> 198.<br /> Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br /> <br /> 199.<br /> Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br /> <br /> 200.<br /> Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br /> <br /> 201.<br /> Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br /> <br /> 202.<br /> Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827<br /> <br /> 203.<br /> Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;Insert non-formatted text here&lt;/nowiki&gt; <br /> 204.<br /> Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847<br /> <br /> 205.<br /> Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br /> <br /> 206.<br /> Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br /> <br /> 207.<br /> The &quot;Four Gentlemen&quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br /> <br /> 208.<br /> Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br /> <br /> 209.<br /> Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br /> <br /> 210.<br /> Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br /> <br /> 211.<br /> Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br /> <br /> 212.<br /> Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935<br /> <br /> 213.<br /> Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br /> <br /> 214.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br /> <br /> 215.<br /> Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br /> <br /> 216.<br /> Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br /> <br /> 217.<br /> Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br /> <br /> 218.<br /> Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br /> <br /> 219.<br /> Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br /> <br /> 220.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br /> <br /> 221.<br /> Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br /> ....................................................................................... 2019. <br /> <br /> 222.<br /> Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br /> <br /> 223.<br /> The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br /> ........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br /> 224.<br /> Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br /> <br /> 225.<br /> Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br /> <br /> 226.<br /> Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br /> <br /> 227.<br /> Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br /> <br /> 228.<br /> Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br /> <br /> 229.<br /> Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br /> <br /> 230.<br /> Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br /> <br /> 231.<br /> Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br /> <br /> 232.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br /> <br /> 233.<br /> Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br /> <br /> 234.<br /> Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br /> <br /> 235.<br /> Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br /> <br /> 236.<br /> Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br /> <br /> 237.<br /> Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br /> <br /> 238.<br /> Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192<br /> <br /> 239.<br /> Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204<br /> <br /> 240.<br /> Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 <br /> <br /> 241.<br /> Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br /> <br /> 242.<br /> The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br /> <br /> 243.<br /> Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238<br /> <br /> 244.<br /> Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br /> <br /> 245.<br /> Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br /> <br /> 246.<br /> Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br /> <br /> 247.<br /> Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br /> <br /> 248.<br /> The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br /> <br /> 249.<br /> Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br /> <br /> 250.<br /> Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br /> <br /> 251.<br /> Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br /> <br /> 252.<br /> The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312<br /> <br /> =Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=</div>

Kuang Jing