https://bou.de/u/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Li+JiaChina Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-04T12:55:30ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=164141User:Li Jia2024-12-28T07:13:52Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
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<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.<br />
*7th, December, today, I talked with Mira about significant historical event.<br />
*8th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my personal growth.<br />
*9th, December, today, I discussed the role of social media in our live with Mira.<br />
*10th, December, today, I talked about healthy lifestyles with Mira.<br />
*11th, December, today, I talked about the latest drama with Mira.<br />
*12th, December, today, I talked about environmental issues with Mira.<br />
*13th, December, today, I discussed the latest Chinese feminist film with Mira.<br />
*14th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to protect environment.<br />
*15th, December, today, I talked with Mira about the difficulty of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*16th, December, today, I asked Mira how to prepare for the IELTS exam.<br />
*17th, December, today, I told Mira how I felt about the preparation process.<br />
*18th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to become a teacher.<br />
*19th, December, today, I expressed my fear for taking the IELTS exam.<br />
<br />
Sunzi’s Art of War: A Book on War<br />
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Li Jia/Zoe<br />
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Abstract<br />
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Sunzi's Art of War (Sunzi bingfa), is an ancient classic on war. It consists of 13chapters in about 6,000 characters. Sun Wu, respectfully called Sunzi, was born sometime between 550 and 540 BC, or toward the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). He was a native of the State of Qi but later moved to the State of Wu, where he became the king's trusted strategist. As many of the book's contents bear features of the Warring States Period (475-221BC), some scholars believe the book was probably written in the middle of that period. It represents the theories of war of the Sunzi School originated by Sun Wu.<br />
Of the more than 3,000 books on war from the pre-Qin (before 221 BC) period to the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), Sunzi's Art of War stands out as the greatest classic. It excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application. Over the centuries it has been respected as "the source for all books on war."<br />
<br />
The Strategic Thoughts of Sunzi<br />
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Of the rich strategic thoughts of Sunzi, we have selected just a few for illustration.<br />
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"Planning before going to war."<br />
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The first example is, "Planning before going to war."Before entering a war,one must compare and analyze all factors of both sides. These mainly include:morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules. "Morale" refers to the approval or disapproval of the people. The army that has the approval of the people will gain their support, while one without endorsement will lose their support."Climate" refers to seasonal conditions at the time of war. "Terrain" refers to the distance (far or near), position (ease or difficulty of access), size (large or small), and height (high or low) of the topography for war. Consideration must also be given to the degree of security or danger in the area. "Rules" refer to regulations governing the army, "Who should carry out orders? What are the respective strengths of the soldiers? Who is responsible for training the troops?Who decides rewards or punishments?" The five aspects for consideration during war were echoed by Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), a German war expert, as "strategic factors." One or two of these factors are insufficient for one to judge the feasibility and consequences of a war. Consideration must be given to all these factors and their combinations. Such holistic thinking is a special feature of Sunzi's Art of War<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."<br />
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The second example is, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."This is probably the most widely quoted concept from Sunzi's Art of War.<br />
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The purpose of considering the five aspects, as introduced above, is actually to know the real situations on both sides. It is not easy to get to know the enemy, because they do their best to keep their secrets and resort to all sorts of deception. Getting to know oneself is not easy, either. What do the people think about the war? What is the capability and state of mind of the commander? How is the morale and training of the troops? These factors are not usually self-evident without thorough analysis, and one may be misled by false impressions. (Sun Jia, 2024, 133) There have been more than a few cases in history where the commander received permission from the ruler to go to war, but without reporting to him that the army was in fact incapable of fighting. The result,needless to say, was always total destruction of the army. This is why Sunzi said, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows oneself but not the enemy. And one is bound to fail if one knows neither oneself nor the enemy."He added, "The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that one's troops are able to attack but does not know the enemy troops are invulnerable to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the enemy troops are vulnerable to attack but does not know that one's own troops are not in a position to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the opponent is vulnerable to attack and that one's troops are in a position to attack but does not know that the terrain is unsuitable for fighting. Thus an expert of war does not leave anything unclear when declaring war, and also has all sorts of methods to deal with any situation. Victory is certain, if one knows both oneself and the enemy; victory will be complete, if one further knows seasonal and topographic conditions."<br />
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"The army survives by treachery."<br />
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The third example, "The army survives by treachery." Sunzi said, "The use of force is actually the use of treachery."In his discussion of "strategy" in On War,Carl von Clausewitz attributes its origin to "treachery."<br />
By "treachery" Sunzi meant that the army "should appear to be incompetent when it is competent, appear to be unprepared to fight when it is prepared, appear to be retreating when it is advancing, appear to be advancing when it is retreating."In other words, it is crucial to deceive the enemy with false impressions.<br />
By treachery, one should "tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength,avoid the enemy when they are stronger, (further) aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent,tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united." (Qi Zeqiang, 2024, 01) In a word, treachery is meant to entice the enemy to make all sorts of mistakes, defeating them after they fall into a state of chaos. It also means "attacking the enemy at an unexpected time and place."<br />
It is by using treachery that an expert of war devises strategies at headquarters while directing his army a thousand miles away to victory.<br />
<br />
The Dialectical Thinking of Sunzi<br />
<br />
The rich philosophical thought in Sunzi's Art of War has aroused greater and greater attention from scholars of ancient Chinese philosophy.<br />
Situations of war are changeable at every moment, perhaps the most changeable of all things in the world. To win a war, the commander must be able to keep abreast of and adapt to such changes. Sunzi said, "There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water. He who can win a victory adapting to changes in enemy forces is a master of the art of war." Sunzi draws special attention to the changing dynamics in the opposite direction,saying, "Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength." These contrasting situations may change into their opposites.Thus, it is not uncommon for an army to turn failure into victory or vice versa. Sunzi reminded commanders to consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides. He said, "Some routes can be taken but should not be, some enemy troops are vulnerable but should not be attacked, some enemy cities can be captured but should not be, and some enemy territory can be obtained but should not be." This is a warning to commanders to be aware not only of potential gains but also of potential losses. Sunzi further advised commanders,"Do not intercept the enemy on their retreat to their home country, leave a gap when besieging the enemy, and do not approach a desperate enemy." In other words, Sunzi was against going beyond the limits in military operations, because things would turn into their opposites once they reached their extreme.<br />
In analyzing changes in opposing factors in war, Sunzi also emphasized pushing them into their opposites for the benefit of one's own troops. He said, "When we know the enemy situation but they do not know ours, we can keep our troops together while they have to keep them separate. Now that our troops are in one place while the enemy troops are dispersed in ten places, we can strike them with tenfold force. In this way, our troops enjoy an absolute majority while the enemy suffers an absolute minority." Sunzi's Art of War is full of such dialectical thinking. Sunzi said, "By taking a tortuous route deliberately while tempting the enemy with small gains, we can arrive earlier despite having started later than the enemy. This is the strategy of turning a tortuous route into a straight one." As a kind of synopsis, Sunzi said, "The expert commander is able to make the enemy follow his direction, not the other way round."<br />
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Sunzi's Cautions Against War<br />
<br />
As a military classic, Sunzi's Art of War provides a complete set of strategies and tactics for winning a war. Paradoxically, the book does not encourage rulers to be bellicose but rather warns them again and again to refrain from waging a war without careful consideration.<br />
At the very beginning, the book points out, "The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country." Such a matter can never be taken lightly. At the end of the book, Sunzi raised the warning once more,"A head of state must not wage a war spurred by a momentary anger, and the commander and general must not wage a war spurred by a momentary bad mood. (Pang Xiaotiao, 2024, 11) They must take into consideration overall national interests for declaring war or desisting from war. Anger can turn into delight and a bad mood can change into a good mood, but a country lost is lost forever and those killed are dead forever. Therefore, a wise ruler must handle matters of war with extreme care, and good commanders and generals must handle them with the greatest caution as well. This is the cardinal principle for safeguarding the country and the army."<br />
Sunzi's cautions against war were continued in Sun Bin's Art of War (Sun Bin bingfa), by a strategist in the middle of the Warring States Period. While teaching military professionals how to fight and win wars, Sun Bin (birth and death dates unknown) also cautioned that, fighting and winning every war is not a good thing; those who are bellicose and intent on winning victory through wars are bound to fail and only bring shame on themselves.<br />
Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Wisdom Beyond the Military<br />
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Sunzi's Art of War was introduced abroad from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) onwards. A Japanese student named Kibimakibitookthebook homein734or752. It was introduced to Korea in the 15th century during the Joseon Dynasty. Up to the 17th century, more than 170 books on the study of Sunzi's Art of War were published in Japan.In 1772, Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot (1718-1793), a Jesuit missionary from France, published in Paris his French translation of the book. That year, Napoleon Bonaparte I (1769-1821) was only three years old. A Russian translation was published in 1860. Later translations of the book include English, German, Italian, Czech,Vietnamese, Hebrew, and Romanian. After World War II, famous strategists and scholars from different countries took a new interest in Sunzi's Art of War. Bernard Law Montgomery (1887-1976), British field marshal during that war, declared that all military academies in the world should include the book as required course material. New translations and more research works on the book have been published since that time.<br />
With the spread of Sunzi's Art of War, its influence has gone beyond the military to many other fields, including economics, politics, culture, and diplomacy. Many people regard the book not only as a military work, but also as a work on the philosophy of strategy, referring to the application of military strategies as general methods and principles in all areas of social life. In 2001, online bookseller Amazon listed the book as one of the bestsellers in the humanities category. Many contemporary scholars regard Sunzi's wisdom to be as universal as Confucius' wisdom.<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》：百代谈兵之祖<br />
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摘要<br />
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《孙子兵法》是记载孙武的兵学思想的古代经典，共13篇，约六千字。孙武是春秋末期人，由齐入吴，受到吴王阖闾的重用。他的出生年代据推算是在公元前550年至公元前540年之间。由于《孙子兵法》的很多内容带有战国时代的特征，所以有的学者认为《孙子兵法》有可能是完成于战国中期，它记录“孙子学派”的军事思想，这个学派的创始人则是孙武。<br />
据统计，中国古代兵书，从先秦到清代，有三千多种。在所有的兵书中，最高的经典是《孙子兵法》。它最有战略高度，最有哲学色彩，最侧重运用之妙，最为后代兵家所重视，诚如《四库全书总目》所说，它是“百代谈兵之祖”。<br />
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充满智慧的战略思想<br />
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《孙子兵法》的战略思想十分丰富，充满智慧。我们举出其中几条来说一说。<br />
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第一，先计而后战。<br />
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用兵之前，要在庙堂之上对敌我双方的各种因素进行比较研究，这就是“计”。这种“计”，主要要考虑五个方面：道、天、地、将、法。孙子说：“主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。”首先是“道”。道是民心向背。得道多助，失道寡助。孟子说：“天时不如地利，地利不如人和。”道就是“人和”。接下去是“天”、“地”。“天”主要指时令，寒热二气的消长。“地”指地势的远近、险易、广狭、高下，同时还要讲战势的“死地”（危险地带）和“生地”（安全地带）。再接下去是“将”、“法”。“法”是管理军队的“法”。“法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？”这些都属于“法”。孙子说的这五个方面，属于19世纪德国军事学家克劳塞维茨说的“战略要素”。判断战斗力的强与弱，决定某一场战争可以打还是不可以打，预测打的后果是什么，不能单独看其中一种或两种战略要素，而要看所有这些要素的强弱及其组合状况。这体现出孙子思想的整体性思维的特点。<br />
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第二，“知彼知己，百战不殆”。<br />
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这是《孙子兵法》中流传最广的名言。<br />
上面说在庙堂上要从五个方面对敌我双方进行比较计算，这样做的前提就是要知彼知己，了解敌我双方的真实情况。知彼当然不易，因为敌方不会让你了解他的真实情况，他一定会采取保密措施，进行伪装，制造假象，给你假情报，总之要把你搞糊涂，让你受骗上当。同样，知己也不容易。自己方面的民心如何？将领的才能与心理状况如何？士兵的士气与训练状况如何？等等。这些也并不是一目了然的，有时也会出现许多假象。(Sun Jia, 2024, 133)历史上常有这种战例，明明军队已经不能打了，但将领对国君隐瞒实际情况，结果一交战就全军覆没。所以孙子强调说：“知彼知己，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必败。”又说：“知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知己知彼，胜乃不殆，知天知地，胜乃可全。”就是说，知己而不知彼，知彼而不知己，知己知彼而不知地知天，胜利都只有一半的概率，只有知己知彼而又知地知天，胜利才有百分之百的概率。<br />
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第三，“兵以诈立”。<br />
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孙子说：“兵者，诡道也。”又说：“兵以诈立。”他认为用兵必定要用诡诈之道，这是重要的战略思想。这个思想又被后来的兵家概括为“兵不厌诈”。克劳塞维茨在《战争论》中也专门讨论“诡诈”，他说“战略”这个名称就是来源于诡诈这个词，所以战略本来就具有诡诈的性质。兵以诈立，所以要“能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近”，也就是要制造假象来迷惑敌人。兵以诈立，所以要“利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之”，就是要用种种办法来引诱敌人犯错误，使敌人的将领狂暴自满，使敌人内部分崩离析，使敌人四处疲于奔命，乘敌人混乱之际夺取胜利。兵以诈立，所以要“攻其无备，出其不意”，在敌人完全意料不到的时间和地点对其发动攻击。(Qi Zeqiang, 2024, 01)“攻其无备，出其不意”也是《孙子兵法》的名言。用兵者运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外，靠的就是兵不厌诈。兵不厌诈，就是以无限为有限，以无法为有法，就是运用之妙，存乎一心。<br />
<br />
利用对立因素造“势”<br />
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《孙子兵法》蕴涵丰富的哲学思想，引起了越来越多的研究中国古代哲学的学者的重视。<br />
战争中的形势瞬息万变，是世界上最有流动性的东西。孙子强调，用兵者要想取胜，必须善于把握这种变化的形势。他说：“兵无常势，水无常形，能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。”孙子又强调，在战争中，特别要重视对立因素的相互转化。他说：“乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。”“乱”和“治”、“怯”和“勇”、“弱”和“强”，这些对立的东西，并不是僵死不变的，而是活生生的，可以互相转化的。在战争中，转败为胜，转胜为败，都是常见的事。所以孙子强调“智者之虑，必杂于利害”，就是要用兵者从正反两方面来考虑利害得失。他说：“途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争。”这就是告诫用兵者，不要只看到有“利”的一面，还要看到有“害”的一面。这就是辩证法。他又说：“归师勿遏，围师必阙，穷寇勿迫。”这就是告诫用兵者，在战争中有些事情不要做过头，不要做绝了，过了头就会走向反面，所谓“物极必反”。要留有余地。留有余地就是辩证法。<br />
孙子对于战争中这种对立因素的转化，不是静止的分析，而是着眼于阐述如何创造条件，推动对立的因素朝着有利于自己的方面转化，也就是制造一种有利于自己的态势。例如他说：“吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。”又说：“形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也，则我众而敌寡。能以众而击寡者，则吾之所战者约矣。”这就是教导用兵者，要善于采用种种方法来分散敌人的兵力，使敌人由“众”转化为“寡”，而使自己由“寡”转化为“众”，形成“以众击寡”的态势，用绝对优势的兵力打击分散薄弱的敌人，从而取得胜利。《孙子兵法》中充满了这种利用对立因素来造“势”的活生生的辩证法。例如孙子提出的“以迂为直，以患为利”、“后人发，先人至”、“投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生”等策略，都是运用对立因素互相转化的辩证思维，推动战场上的整体态势朝着有利于自己的方面转化。这就是所谓“善战者致人而不致于人”。致人，就是掌握战场上的主动权，调动敌人就范。致于人，就是陷于被动，处处被敌方牵着鼻子走。<br />
<br />
“慎战”的警告<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》是一部兵学经典，它提出一整套在战争中取胜的战略战术，但是它并不鼓励当政者好战，相反，它一再警告当政者要“慎战”。<br />
《孙子兵法》一开头就指出：“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。”就是说，战争是关系士兵和百姓生死以及国家存亡的大事，决不可轻易发动。在全书快结尾时，他又再一次重复这种警告：“主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而致战。合于利而动，不合于利而止。怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之，此安国全军之道也。”就是说，国君决不可因为一时动怒就发动战争，将帅也决不可因为心情不好就兴兵打仗。(Pang Xiaotiao, 2024, 11)一定要考虑国家整体利益。动怒了可以变为欢喜，心情不好也可以变好，但国家灭亡了就不可能再存在，人死了也不可能再复活。对此国君必须万分慎重，将帅也必须万分小心，这是保证国家、军队安全的大道理。<br />
《孙子兵法》自始至终是教人善战，但同时又自始至终强调战争的残酷性和严重性，警告当政者、用兵者要慎战，这充分表现了作为军事思想家的孙子的仁者胸怀。<br />
孙子“慎战”的思想为战国中期军事家孙膑所继承。同《孙子兵法》一样，孙膑所作的《孙膑兵法》在教用兵者如何善战的同时，也发出警告：“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也。”“兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也。”“夫乐兵者亡，而利胜者辱。”意思是说，十战十胜，未必是什么好事情。好战的人，一心只想通过战争去夺取胜利的人，早晚会灭亡，使自己见辱于天下。<br />
《孙子兵法》和《孙膑兵法》所说的“怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生”，“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也”，以及“乐兵者亡”等话，体现出仁者的忧思，语重心长，在当今核战争的阴影下，尤其值得所有掌握核战争“按钮”的决策者记取。<br />
<br />
孙子的智慧超出军事领域<br />
<br />
从唐代开始，《孙子兵法》开始传播到国外。公元734年或752年，也就是唐代开元、天宝年间，有一位日本留学生吉备真备把《孙子兵法》从中国带回日本。公元15世纪，《孙子兵法》传到李氏朝鲜。公元17世纪时，日本研究《孙子兵法》的著作已多达一百七十多种。1772年，法国耶稣会传教士阿米奥（汉名叫钱德明）翻译的《孙子兵法》在巴黎出版。这一年，拿破仑三岁。1860年，《孙子兵法》有了俄译本。后来，英、德、意、捷、越、希伯来、罗马尼亚等各种文字版本相继问世。<br />
第二次世界大战后，各国著名的军事家和学者对《孙子兵法》的军事谋略日益重视和推崇。英国蒙哥马利元帅说，世界上所有的军事学院都应把《孙子兵法》列为必修课程。《孙子兵法》新的译本和研究《孙子兵法》的著作也越来越多。<br />
随着《孙子兵法》在世界范围内广为传播，它的影响逐渐超出军事领域，变成很多人从经济、政治、文化、外交、人生等多种角度吸取智慧的经典。很多人认为，《孙子兵法》不仅是一部军事哲学的著作，而且是一部谋略哲学的著作。所谓谋略哲学，就是把战争中克敌取胜的智谋和策略提升为具有普遍意义的方法和原则，因而可以应用于社会生活的各个领域。据日本作家守屋淳说，美国微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨和日本软银集团总裁孙正义，还有在世界杯足球比赛场上连胜11场的葡萄牙足球队教练斯科拉里，他们都把《孙子兵法》随时带在身边，可以说是爱不释手。美国网上零售巨头亚马逊公司评选的2001年度全美最畅销的人文书籍就是《孙子兵法》。（《中国古典的启示》，载日本《21世纪》2007年2月号）全世界都在吸取孙子的智慧。正如美国兰德公司（美国的重要战略研究机构）的学者波拉克斯所说：孙子的智慧和孔子的智慧一样具有永恒的价值。这种智慧属于全世界。<br />
<br />
Terms<br />
<br />
1. 孙子兵法 - Sunzi's Art of War<br />
2. 春秋时期 - Spring and Autumn Period<br />
3. 战国时期 - Warring States Period<br />
4. 道天地将法 - Morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules<br />
5. 知己知彼，百战不殆 - One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy<br />
6. 兵以诈立 - The army survives by treachery<br />
7. 不战而屈人之兵 - Winning a war without fighting it<br />
8. 兵无常势，水无常形 - There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water<br />
9. 慎战 - Cautions Against War<br />
10. 兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也 - War is not to be relished, and victory is not to be sought for profit.<br />
11. 谋略哲学 - Philosophy of Strategy<br />
12. 兵者，国之大事 - The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.<br />
13. 百战百胜 - Win a hundred battles with a hundred victories<br />
14. 以迂为直 - Turn a tortuous route into a straight one<br />
15. 致人而不致于人 - To control the enemy without being controlled by him<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
<br />
1. When was Sunzi’s Art of War written?<br />
2. What strategic thoughts of Sunzi do you know?<br />
3. How can we use Sunzi’s Art of War to deal with the current turmoil in the world?<br />
4. Can you name some examples of applying strategies in it in your real life?<br />
<br />
Answers<br />
<br />
1. In the middle of Warring States Period.<br />
2. "Planning before going to war." 先计而后战。<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."“知彼知己，百战不殆”<br />
"The army survives by treachery."“兵以诈立”<br />
3. Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
4. Personal Examples.<br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
*[1] https://www.sohu.com/a/132842079_662209<br />
*[2] https://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2023-07/22/nw.D110000gmrb_20230722_2-11.htm<br />
*[3] https://m.lunwendata.com/show.php?id=22555<br />
*[4] 齐泽强.《孙子兵法·作战篇》主旨考论[J].滨州学院学报,2024,40(01):5-13.DOI:10.13486/j.cnki.1673-2618.2024.01.001.<br />
Qi Zeqiang. Sunzi bing fa zup zhan pian zhu zhi lun kao [J] bin Zhou xue yuan xue bao,<br />
*[5] 庞小条.《孙子兵法》和平战略论[J].孙子研究,2024,(02):7-17.<br />
Pang Xiaotiao. Sunzi Bing fa he ping zhan lun [J] Sunzi yan Jiu,<br />
*[6] 孙佳.读《论语》《孙子兵法》，品为人处世之道[J].青年文学家,2024,(05):133-135.<br />
Sun Jia Du lun you Sunzi Bing fa pin Wei ren chu shi zhi dao [J] Qing nian wen xue jia,<br />
*[7] http://classics.mit.edu/Tzu/artwar.html<br />
*[8] https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Art_of_War/<br />
*[9] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sunzi<br />
<br />
AI Statement<br />
<br />
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=164140User:Li Jia2024-12-28T07:10:04Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.<br />
*7th, December, today, I talked with Mira about significant historical event.<br />
*8th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my personal growth.<br />
*9th, December, today, I discussed the role of social media in our live with Mira.<br />
*10th, December, today, I talked about healthy lifestyles with Mira.<br />
*11th, December, today, I talked about the latest drama with Mira.<br />
*12th, December, today, I talked about environmental issues with Mira.<br />
*13th, December, today, I discussed the latest Chinese feminist film with Mira.<br />
*14th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to protect environment.<br />
*15th, December, today, I talked with Mira about the difficulty of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*16th, December, today, I asked Mira how to prepare for the IELTS exam.<br />
*17th, December, today, I told Mira how I felt about the preparation process.<br />
*18th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to become a teacher.<br />
*19th, December, today, I expressed my fear for taking the IELTS exam.<br />
<br />
Sunzi’s Art of War: A Book on War<br />
<br />
Li Jia/Zoe<br />
<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Art of War (Sunzi bingfa), is an ancient classic on war. It consists of 13chapters in about 6,000 characters. Sun Wu, respectfully called Sunzi, was born sometime between 550 and 540 BC, or toward the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). He was a native of the State of Qi but later moved to the State of Wu, where he became the king's trusted strategist. As many of the book's contents bear features of the Warring States Period (475-221BC), some scholars believe the book was probably written in the middle of that period. It represents the theories of war of the Sunzi School originated by Sun Wu.<br />
Of the more than 3,000 books on war from the pre-Qin (before 221 BC) period to the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), Sunzi's Art of War stands out as the greatest classic. It excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application. Over the centuries it has been respected as "the source for all books on war."<br />
<br />
The Strategic Thoughts of Sunzi<br />
<br />
Of the rich strategic thoughts of Sunzi, we have selected just a few for illustration.<br />
<br />
"Planning before going to war."<br />
<br />
The first example is, "Planning before going to war."Before entering a war,one must compare and analyze all factors of both sides. These mainly include:morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules. "Morale" refers to the approval or disapproval of the people. The army that has the approval of the people will gain their support, while one without endorsement will lose their support."Climate" refers to seasonal conditions at the time of war. "Terrain" refers to the distance (far or near), position (ease or difficulty of access), size (large or small), and height (high or low) of the topography for war. Consideration must also be given to the degree of security or danger in the area. "Rules" refer to regulations governing the army, "Who should carry out orders? What are the respective strengths of the soldiers? Who is responsible for training the troops?Who decides rewards or punishments?" The five aspects for consideration during war were echoed by Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), a German war expert, as "strategic factors." One or two of these factors are insufficient for one to judge the feasibility and consequences of a war. Consideration must be given to all these factors and their combinations. Such holistic thinking is a special feature of Sunzi's Art of War<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."<br />
<br />
The second example is, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."This is probably the most widely quoted concept from Sunzi's Art of War.<br />
<br />
The purpose of considering the five aspects, as introduced above, is actually to know the real situations on both sides. It is not easy to get to know the enemy, because they do their best to keep their secrets and resort to all sorts of deception. Getting to know oneself is not easy, either. What do the people think about the war? What is the capability and state of mind of the commander? How is the morale and training of the troops? These factors are not usually self-evident without thorough analysis, and one may be misled by false impressions. (Sun Jia, 2024, 133) There have been more than a few cases in history where the commander received permission from the ruler to go to war, but without reporting to him that the army was in fact incapable of fighting. The result,needless to say, was always total destruction of the army. This is why Sunzi said, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows oneself but not the enemy. And one is bound to fail if one knows neither oneself nor the enemy."He added, "The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that one's troops are able to attack but does not know the enemy troops are invulnerable to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the enemy troops are vulnerable to attack but does not know that one's own troops are not in a position to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the opponent is vulnerable to attack and that one's troops are in a position to attack but does not know that the terrain is unsuitable for fighting. Thus an expert of war does not leave anything unclear when declaring war, and also has all sorts of methods to deal with any situation. Victory is certain, if one knows both oneself and the enemy; victory will be complete, if one further knows seasonal and topographic conditions."<br />
<br />
"The army survives by treachery."<br />
<br />
The third example, "The army survives by treachery." Sunzi said, "The use of force is actually the use of treachery."In his discussion of "strategy" in On War,Carl von Clausewitz attributes its origin to "treachery."<br />
By "treachery" Sunzi meant that the army "should appear to be incompetent when it is competent, appear to be unprepared to fight when it is prepared, appear to be retreating when it is advancing, appear to be advancing when it is retreating."In other words, it is crucial to deceive the enemy with false impressions.<br />
By treachery, one should "tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength,avoid the enemy when they are stronger, (further) aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent,tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united." (Qi Zeqiang, 2024, 01) In a word, treachery is meant to entice the enemy to make all sorts of mistakes, defeating them after they fall into a state of chaos. It also means "attacking the enemy at an unexpected time and place."<br />
It is by using treachery that an expert of war devises strategies at headquarters while directing his army a thousand miles away to victory.<br />
<br />
The Dialectical Thinking of Sunzi<br />
<br />
The rich philosophical thought in Sunzi's Art of War has aroused greater and greater attention from scholars of ancient Chinese philosophy.<br />
Situations of war are changeable at every moment, perhaps the most changeable of all things in the world. To win a war, the commander must be able to keep abreast of and adapt to such changes. Sunzi said, "There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water. He who can win a victory adapting to changes in enemy forces is a master of the art of war." Sunzi draws special attention to the changing dynamics in the opposite direction,saying, "Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength." These contrasting situations may change into their opposites.Thus, it is not uncommon for an army to turn failure into victory or vice versa. Sunzi reminded commanders to consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides. He said, "Some routes can be taken but should not be, some enemy troops are vulnerable but should not be attacked, some enemy cities can be captured but should not be, and some enemy territory can be obtained but should not be." This is a warning to commanders to be aware not only of potential gains but also of potential losses. Sunzi further advised commanders,"Do not intercept the enemy on their retreat to their home country, leave a gap when besieging the enemy, and do not approach a desperate enemy." In other words, Sunzi was against going beyond the limits in military operations, because things would turn into their opposites once they reached their extreme.<br />
In analyzing changes in opposing factors in war, Sunzi also emphasized pushing them into their opposites for the benefit of one's own troops. He said, "When we know the enemy situation but they do not know ours, we can keep our troops together while they have to keep them separate. Now that our troops are in one place while the enemy troops are dispersed in ten places, we can strike them with tenfold force. In this way, our troops enjoy an absolute majority while the enemy suffers an absolute minority." Sunzi's Art of War is full of such dialectical thinking. Sunzi said, "By taking a tortuous route deliberately while tempting the enemy with small gains, we can arrive earlier despite having started later than the enemy. This is the strategy of turning a tortuous route into a straight one." As a kind of synopsis, Sunzi said, "The expert commander is able to make the enemy follow his direction, not the other way round."<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Cautions Against War<br />
<br />
As a military classic, Sunzi's Art of War provides a complete set of strategies and tactics for winning a war. Paradoxically, the book does not encourage rulers to be bellicose but rather warns them again and again to refrain from waging a war without careful consideration.<br />
At the very beginning, the book points out, "The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country." Such a matter can never be taken lightly. At the end of the book, Sunzi raised the warning once more,"A head of state must not wage a war spurred by a momentary anger, and the commander and general must not wage a war spurred by a momentary bad mood. (Pang Xiaotiao, 2024, 11) They must take into consideration overall national interests for declaring war or desisting from war. Anger can turn into delight and a bad mood can change into a good mood, but a country lost is lost forever and those killed are dead forever. Therefore, a wise ruler must handle matters of war with extreme care, and good commanders and generals must handle them with the greatest caution as well. This is the cardinal principle for safeguarding the country and the army."<br />
Sunzi's cautions against war were continued in Sun Bin's Art of War (Sun Bin bingfa), by a strategist in the middle of the Warring States Period. While teaching military professionals how to fight and win wars, Sun Bin (birth and death dates unknown) also cautioned that, fighting and winning every war is not a good thing; those who are bellicose and intent on winning victory through wars are bound to fail and only bring shame on themselves.<br />
Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Wisdom Beyond the Military<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Art of War was introduced abroad from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) onwards. A Japanese student named Kibimakibitookthebook homein734or752. It was introduced to Korea in the 15th century during the Joseon Dynasty. Up to the 17th century, more than 170 books on the study of Sunzi's Art of War were published in Japan.In 1772, Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot (1718-1793), a Jesuit missionary from France, published in Paris his French translation of the book. That year, Napoleon Bonaparte I (1769-1821) was only three years old. A Russian translation was published in 1860. Later translations of the book include English, German, Italian, Czech,Vietnamese, Hebrew, and Romanian. After World War II, famous strategists and scholars from different countries took a new interest in Sunzi's Art of War. Bernard Law Montgomery (1887-1976), British field marshal during that war, declared that all military academies in the world should include the book as required course material. New translations and more research works on the book have been published since that time.<br />
With the spread of Sunzi's Art of War, its influence has gone beyond the military to many other fields, including economics, politics, culture, and diplomacy. Many people regard the book not only as a military work, but also as a work on the philosophy of strategy, referring to the application of military strategies as general methods and principles in all areas of social life. In 2001, online bookseller Amazon listed the book as one of the bestsellers in the humanities category. Many contemporary scholars regard Sunzi's wisdom to be as universal as Confucius' wisdom.<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》：百代谈兵之祖<br />
<br />
摘要<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》是记载孙武的兵学思想的古代经典，共13篇，约六千字。孙武是春秋末期人，由齐入吴，受到吴王阖闾的重用。他的出生年代据推算是在公元前550年至公元前540年之间。由于《孙子兵法》的很多内容带有战国时代的特征，所以有的学者认为《孙子兵法》有可能是完成于战国中期，它记录“孙子学派”的军事思想，这个学派的创始人则是孙武。<br />
据统计，中国古代兵书，从先秦到清代，有三千多种。在所有的兵书中，最高的经典是《孙子兵法》。它最有战略高度，最有哲学色彩，最侧重运用之妙，最为后代兵家所重视，诚如《四库全书总目》所说，它是“百代谈兵之祖”。<br />
<br />
充满智慧的战略思想<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》的战略思想十分丰富，充满智慧。我们举出其中几条来说一说。<br />
<br />
第一，先计而后战。<br />
<br />
用兵之前，要在庙堂之上对敌我双方的各种因素进行比较研究，这就是“计”。这种“计”，主要要考虑五个方面：道、天、地、将、法。孙子说：“主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。”首先是“道”。道是民心向背。得道多助，失道寡助。孟子说：“天时不如地利，地利不如人和。”道就是“人和”。接下去是“天”、“地”。“天”主要指时令，寒热二气的消长。“地”指地势的远近、险易、广狭、高下，同时还要讲战势的“死地”（危险地带）和“生地”（安全地带）。再接下去是“将”、“法”。“法”是管理军队的“法”。“法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？”这些都属于“法”。孙子说的这五个方面，属于19世纪德国军事学家克劳塞维茨说的“战略要素”。判断战斗力的强与弱，决定某一场战争可以打还是不可以打，预测打的后果是什么，不能单独看其中一种或两种战略要素，而要看所有这些要素的强弱及其组合状况。这体现出孙子思想的整体性思维的特点。<br />
<br />
第二，“知彼知己，百战不殆”。<br />
<br />
这是《孙子兵法》中流传最广的名言。<br />
上面说在庙堂上要从五个方面对敌我双方进行比较计算，这样做的前提就是要知彼知己，了解敌我双方的真实情况。知彼当然不易，因为敌方不会让你了解他的真实情况，他一定会采取保密措施，进行伪装，制造假象，给你假情报，总之要把你搞糊涂，让你受骗上当。同样，知己也不容易。自己方面的民心如何？将领的才能与心理状况如何？士兵的士气与训练状况如何？等等。这些也并不是一目了然的，有时也会出现许多假象。(Sun Jia, 2024, 133)历史上常有这种战例，明明军队已经不能打了，但将领对国君隐瞒实际情况，结果一交战就全军覆没。所以孙子强调说：“知彼知己，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必败。”又说：“知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知己知彼，胜乃不殆，知天知地，胜乃可全。”就是说，知己而不知彼，知彼而不知己，知己知彼而不知地知天，胜利都只有一半的概率，只有知己知彼而又知地知天，胜利才有百分之百的概率。<br />
<br />
第三，“兵以诈立”。<br />
<br />
孙子说：“兵者，诡道也。”又说：“兵以诈立。”他认为用兵必定要用诡诈之道，这是重要的战略思想。这个思想又被后来的兵家概括为“兵不厌诈”。克劳塞维茨在《战争论》中也专门讨论“诡诈”，他说“战略”这个名称就是来源于诡诈这个词，所以战略本来就具有诡诈的性质。兵以诈立，所以要“能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近”，也就是要制造假象来迷惑敌人。兵以诈立，所以要“利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之”，就是要用种种办法来引诱敌人犯错误，使敌人的将领狂暴自满，使敌人内部分崩离析，使敌人四处疲于奔命，乘敌人混乱之际夺取胜利。兵以诈立，所以要“攻其无备，出其不意”，在敌人完全意料不到的时间和地点对其发动攻击。(Qi Zeqiang, 2024, 01)“攻其无备，出其不意”也是《孙子兵法》的名言。用兵者运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外，靠的就是兵不厌诈。兵不厌诈，就是以无限为有限，以无法为有法，就是运用之妙，存乎一心。<br />
<br />
利用对立因素造“势”<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》蕴涵丰富的哲学思想，引起了越来越多的研究中国古代哲学的学者的重视。<br />
战争中的形势瞬息万变，是世界上最有流动性的东西。孙子强调，用兵者要想取胜，必须善于把握这种变化的形势。他说：“兵无常势，水无常形，能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。”孙子又强调，在战争中，特别要重视对立因素的相互转化。他说：“乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。”“乱”和“治”、“怯”和“勇”、“弱”和“强”，这些对立的东西，并不是僵死不变的，而是活生生的，可以互相转化的。在战争中，转败为胜，转胜为败，都是常见的事。所以孙子强调“智者之虑，必杂于利害”，就是要用兵者从正反两方面来考虑利害得失。他说：“途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争。”这就是告诫用兵者，不要只看到有“利”的一面，还要看到有“害”的一面。这就是辩证法。他又说：“归师勿遏，围师必阙，穷寇勿迫。”这就是告诫用兵者，在战争中有些事情不要做过头，不要做绝了，过了头就会走向反面，所谓“物极必反”。要留有余地。留有余地就是辩证法。<br />
孙子对于战争中这种对立因素的转化，不是静止的分析，而是着眼于阐述如何创造条件，推动对立的因素朝着有利于自己的方面转化，也就是制造一种有利于自己的态势。例如他说：“吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。”又说：“形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也，则我众而敌寡。能以众而击寡者，则吾之所战者约矣。”这就是教导用兵者，要善于采用种种方法来分散敌人的兵力，使敌人由“众”转化为“寡”，而使自己由“寡”转化为“众”，形成“以众击寡”的态势，用绝对优势的兵力打击分散薄弱的敌人，从而取得胜利。《孙子兵法》中充满了这种利用对立因素来造“势”的活生生的辩证法。例如孙子提出的“以迂为直，以患为利”、“后人发，先人至”、“投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生”等策略，都是运用对立因素互相转化的辩证思维，推动战场上的整体态势朝着有利于自己的方面转化。这就是所谓“善战者致人而不致于人”。致人，就是掌握战场上的主动权，调动敌人就范。致于人，就是陷于被动，处处被敌方牵着鼻子走。<br />
<br />
“慎战”的警告<br />
<br />
《孙子兵法》是一部兵学经典，它提出一整套在战争中取胜的战略战术，但是它并不鼓励当政者好战，相反，它一再警告当政者要“慎战”。<br />
《孙子兵法》一开头就指出：“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。”就是说，战争是关系士兵和百姓生死以及国家存亡的大事，决不可轻易发动。在全书快结尾时，他又再一次重复这种警告：“主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而致战。合于利而动，不合于利而止。怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之，此安国全军之道也。”就是说，国君决不可因为一时动怒就发动战争，将帅也决不可因为心情不好就兴兵打仗。(Pang Xiaotiao, 2024, 11)一定要考虑国家整体利益。动怒了可以变为欢喜，心情不好也可以变好，但国家灭亡了就不可能再存在，人死了也不可能再复活。对此国君必须万分慎重，将帅也必须万分小心，这是保证国家、军队安全的大道理。<br />
《孙子兵法》自始至终是教人善战，但同时又自始至终强调战争的残酷性和严重性，警告当政者、用兵者要慎战，这充分表现了作为军事思想家的孙子的仁者胸怀。<br />
孙子“慎战”的思想为战国中期军事家孙膑所继承。同《孙子兵法》一样，孙膑所作的《孙膑兵法》在教用兵者如何善战的同时，也发出警告：“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也。”“兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也。”“夫乐兵者亡，而利胜者辱。”意思是说，十战十胜，未必是什么好事情。好战的人，一心只想通过战争去夺取胜利的人，早晚会灭亡，使自己见辱于天下。<br />
《孙子兵法》和《孙膑兵法》所说的“怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生”，“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也”，以及“乐兵者亡”等话，体现出仁者的忧思，语重心长，在当今核战争的阴影下，尤其值得所有掌握核战争“按钮”的决策者记取。<br />
<br />
孙子的智慧超出军事领域<br />
<br />
从唐代开始，《孙子兵法》开始传播到国外。公元734年或752年，也就是唐代开元、天宝年间，有一位日本留学生吉备真备把《孙子兵法》从中国带回日本。公元15世纪，《孙子兵法》传到李氏朝鲜。公元17世纪时，日本研究《孙子兵法》的著作已多达一百七十多种。1772年，法国耶稣会传教士阿米奥（汉名叫钱德明）翻译的《孙子兵法》在巴黎出版。这一年，拿破仑三岁。1860年，《孙子兵法》有了俄译本。后来，英、德、意、捷、越、希伯来、罗马尼亚等各种文字版本相继问世。<br />
第二次世界大战后，各国著名的军事家和学者对《孙子兵法》的军事谋略日益重视和推崇。英国蒙哥马利元帅说，世界上所有的军事学院都应把《孙子兵法》列为必修课程。《孙子兵法》新的译本和研究《孙子兵法》的著作也越来越多。<br />
随着《孙子兵法》在世界范围内广为传播，它的影响逐渐超出军事领域，变成很多人从经济、政治、文化、外交、人生等多种角度吸取智慧的经典。很多人认为，《孙子兵法》不仅是一部军事哲学的著作，而且是一部谋略哲学的著作。所谓谋略哲学，就是把战争中克敌取胜的智谋和策略提升为具有普遍意义的方法和原则，因而可以应用于社会生活的各个领域。据日本作家守屋淳说，美国微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨和日本软银集团总裁孙正义，还有在世界杯足球比赛场上连胜11场的葡萄牙足球队教练斯科拉里，他们都把《孙子兵法》随时带在身边，可以说是爱不释手。美国网上零售巨头亚马逊公司评选的2001年度全美最畅销的人文书籍就是《孙子兵法》。（《中国古典的启示》，载日本《21世纪》2007年2月号）全世界都在吸取孙子的智慧。正如美国兰德公司（美国的重要战略研究机构）的学者波拉克斯所说：孙子的智慧和孔子的智慧一样具有永恒的价值。这种智慧属于全世界。<br />
<br />
Terms<br />
<br />
1. 孙子兵法 - Sunzi's Art of War<br />
2. 春秋时期 - Spring and Autumn Period<br />
3. 战国时期 - Warring States Period<br />
4. 道天地将法 - Morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules<br />
5. 知己知彼，百战不殆 - One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy<br />
6. 兵以诈立 - The army survives by treachery<br />
7. 不战而屈人之兵 - Winning a war without fighting it<br />
8. 兵无常势，水无常形 - There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water<br />
9. 慎战 - Cautions Against War<br />
10. 兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也 - War is not to be relished, and victory is not to be sought for profit.<br />
11. 谋略哲学 - Philosophy of Strategy<br />
12. 兵者，国之大事 - The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.<br />
13. 百战百胜 - Win a hundred battles with a hundred victories<br />
14. 以迂为直 - Turn a tortuous route into a straight one<br />
15. 致人而不致于人 - To control the enemy without being controlled by him<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
<br />
1. When was Sunzi’s Art of War written?<br />
2. What strategic thoughts of Sunzi do you know?<br />
3. How can we use Sunzi’s Art of War to deal with the current turmoil in the world?<br />
4. Can you name some examples of applying strategies in it in your real life?<br />
<br />
Answers<br />
<br />
1. In the middle of Warring States Period.<br />
2. "Planning before going to war." 先计而后战。<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."“知彼知己，百战不殆”<br />
"The army survives by treachery."“兵以诈立”<br />
3. Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
4. Personal Examples.<br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
[1] https://www.sohu.com/a/132842079_662209<br />
[2] https://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2023-07/22/nw.D110000gmrb_20230722_2-11.htm<br />
[3] https://m.lunwendata.com/show.php?id=22555<br />
[4] 齐泽强.《孙子兵法·作战篇》主旨考论[J].滨州学院学报,2024,40(01):5-13.DOI:10.13486/j.cnki.1673-2618.2024.01.001.<br />
Qi Zeqiang. Sunzi bing fa zup zhan pian zhu zhi lun kao [J] bin Zhou xue yuan xue bao,<br />
[5] 庞小条.《孙子兵法》和平战略论[J].孙子研究,2024,(02):7-17.<br />
Pang Xiaotiao. Sunzi Bing fa he ping zhan lun [J] Sunzi yan Jiu,<br />
[6] 孙佳.读《论语》《孙子兵法》，品为人处世之道[J].青年文学家,2024,(05):133-135.<br />
Sun Jia Du lun you Sunzi Bing fa pin Wei ren chu shi zhi dao [J] Qing nian wen xue jia,<br />
[7] http://classics.mit.edu/Tzu/artwar.html<br />
[8] https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Art_of_War/<br />
[9] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sunzi<br />
<br />
AI Statement<br />
<br />
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=164136User:Li Jia2024-12-27T15:56:06Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.<br />
*7th, December, today, I talked with Mira about significant historical event.<br />
*8th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my personal growth.<br />
*9th, December, today, I discussed the role of social media in our live with Mira.<br />
*10th, December, today, I talked about healthy lifestyles with Mira.<br />
*11th, December, today, I talked about the latest drama with Mira.<br />
*12th, December, today, I talked about environmental issues with Mira.<br />
*13th, December, today, I discussed the latest Chinese feminist film with Mira.<br />
*14th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to protect environment.<br />
*15th, December, today, I talked with Mira about the difficulty of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*16th, December, today, I asked Mira how to prepare for the IELTS exam.<br />
*17th, December, today, I told Mira how I felt about the preparation process.<br />
*18th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to become a teacher.<br />
*19th, December, today, I expressed my fear for taking the IELTS exam.<br />
<br />
Sunzi’s Art of War: A Book on War<br />
<br />
Li Jia/Zoe<br />
Abstract<br />
<br />
Sunzi's Art of War (Sunzi bingfa), is an ancient classic on war. It consists of 13chapters in about 6,000 characters. Sun Wu, respectfully called Sunzi, was born sometime between 550 and 540 BC, or toward the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). He was a native of the State of Qi but later moved to the State of Wu, where he became the king's trusted strategist. As many of the book's contents bear features of the Warring States Period (475-221BC), some scholars believe the book was probably written in the middle of that period. It represents the theories of war of the Sunzi School originated by Sun Wu.<br />
Of the more than 3,000 books on war from the pre-Qin (before 221 BC) period to the Qing Dynasty (1616-1911), Sunzi's Art of War stands out as the greatest classic. It excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application. Over the centuries it has been respected as "the source for all books on war."<br />
<br />
The Strategic Thoughts of Sunzi<br />
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Of the rich strategic thoughts of Sunzi, we have selected just a few for illustration.<br />
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"Planning before going to war."<br />
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The first example is, "Planning before going to war."Before entering a war,one must compare and analyze all factors of both sides. These mainly include:morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules. "Morale" refers to the approval or disapproval of the people. The army that has the approval of the people will gain their support, while one without endorsement will lose their support."Climate" refers to seasonal conditions at the time of war. "Terrain" refers to the distance (far or near), position (ease or difficulty of access), size (large or small), and height (high or low) of the topography for war. Consideration must also be given to the degree of security or danger in the area. "Rules" refer to regulations governing the army, "Who should carry out orders? What are the respective strengths of the soldiers? Who is responsible for training the troops?Who decides rewards or punishments?" The five aspects for consideration during war were echoed by Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831), a German war expert, as "strategic factors." One or two of these factors are insufficient for one to judge the feasibility and consequences of a war. Consideration must be given to all these factors and their combinations. Such holistic thinking is a special feature of Sunzi's Art of War<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."<br />
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The second example is, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."This is probably the most widely quoted concept from Sunzi's Art of War.<br />
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The purpose of considering the five aspects, as introduced above, is actually to know the real situations on both sides. It is not easy to get to know the enemy, because they do their best to keep their secrets and resort to all sorts of deception. Getting to know oneself is not easy, either. What do the people think about the war? What is the capability and state of mind of the commander? How is the morale and training of the troops? These factors are not usually self-evident without thorough analysis, and one may be misled by false impressions. There have been more than a few cases in history where the commander received permission from the ruler to go to war, but without reporting to him that the army was in fact incapable of fighting. The result,needless to say, was always total destruction of the army. This is why Sunzi said, "One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows oneself but not the enemy. And one is bound to fail if one knows neither oneself nor the enemy."He added, "The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that one's troops are able to attack but does not know the enemy troops are invulnerable to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the enemy troops are vulnerable to attack but does not know that one's own troops are not in a position to attack. The odds for winning are half and half if one knows that the opponent is vulnerable to attack and that one's troops are in a position to attack but does not know that the terrain is unsuitable for fighting. Thus an expert of war does not leave anything unclear when declaring war, and also has all sorts of methods to deal with any situation. Victory is certain, if one knows both oneself and the enemy; victory will be complete, if one further knows seasonal and topographic conditions."<br />
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"The army survives by treachery."<br />
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The third example, "The army survives by treachery." Sunzi said, "The use of force is actually the use of treachery."In his discussion of "strategy" in On War,Carl von Clausewitz attributes its origin to "treachery."<br />
By "treachery" Sunzi meant that the army "should appear to be incompetent when it is competent, appear to be unprepared to fight when it is prepared, appear to be retreating when it is advancing, appear to be advancing when it is retreating."In other words, it is crucial to deceive the enemy with false impressions.<br />
By treachery, one should "tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength,avoid the enemy when they are stronger, (further) aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent,tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united." In a word, treachery is meant to entice the enemy to make all sorts of mistakes, defeating them after they fall into a state of chaos. It also means "attacking the enemy at an unexpected time and place."<br />
It is by using treachery that an expert of war devises strategies at headquarters while directing his army a thousand miles away to victory.<br />
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The Dialectical Thinking of Sunzi<br />
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The rich philosophical thought in Sunzi's Art of War has aroused greater and greater attention from scholars of ancient Chinese philosophy.<br />
Situations of war are changeable at every moment, perhaps the most changeable of all things in the world. To win a war, the commander must be able to keep abreast of and adapt to such changes. Sunzi said, "There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water. He who can win a victory adapting to changes in enemy forces is a master of the art of war." Sunzi draws special attention to the changing dynamics in the opposite direction,saying, "Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength." These contrasting situations may change into their opposites.Thus, it is not uncommon for an army to turn failure into victory or vice versa. Sunzi reminded commanders to consider gains and losses from both positive and negative sides. He said, "Some routes can be taken but should not be, some enemy troops are vulnerable but should not be attacked, some enemy cities can be captured but should not be, and some enemy territory can be obtained but should not be." This is a warning to commanders to be aware not only of potential gains but also of potential losses. Sunzi further advised commanders,"Do not intercept the enemy on their retreat to their home country, leave a gap when besieging the enemy, and do not approach a desperate enemy." In other words, Sunzi was against going beyond the limits in military operations, because things would turn into their opposites once they reached their extreme.<br />
In analyzing changes in opposing factors in war, Sunzi also emphasized pushing them into their opposites for the benefit of one's own troops. He said, "When we know the enemy situation but they do not know ours, we can keep our troops together while they have to keep them separate. Now that our troops are in one place while the enemy troops are dispersed in ten places, we can strike them with tenfold force. In this way, our troops enjoy an absolute majority while the enemy suffers an absolute minority." Sunzi's Art of War is full of such dialectical thinking. Sunzi said, "By taking a tortuous route deliberately while tempting the enemy with small gains, we can arrive earlier despite having started later than the enemy. This is the strategy of turning a tortuous route into a straight one." As a kind of synopsis, Sunzi said, "The expert commander is able to make the enemy follow his direction, not the other way round."<br />
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Sunzi's Cautions Against War<br />
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As a military classic, Sunzi's Art of War provides a complete set of strategies and tactics for winning a war. Paradoxically, the book does not encourage rulers to be bellicose but rather warns them again and again to refrain from waging a war without careful consideration.<br />
At the very beginning, the book points out, "The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country." Such a matter can never be taken lightly. At the end of the book, Sunzi raised the warning once more,"A head of state must not wage a war spurred by a momentary anger, and the commander and general must not wage a war spurred by a momentary bad mood. They must take into consideration overall national interests for declaring war or desisting from war. Anger can turn into delight and a bad mood can change into a good mood, but a country lost is lost forever and those killed are dead forever. Therefore, a wise ruler must handle matters of war with extreme care, and good commanders and generals must handle them with the greatest caution as well. This is the cardinal principle for safeguarding the country and the army."<br />
Sunzi's cautions against war were continued in Sun Bin's Art of War (Sun Bin bingfa), by a strategist in the middle of the Warring States Period. While teaching military professionals how to fight and win wars, Sun Bin (birth and death dates unknown) also cautioned that, fighting and winning every war is not a good thing; those who are bellicose and intent on winning victory through wars are bound to fail and only bring shame on themselves.<br />
Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
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Sunzi's Wisdom Beyond the Military<br />
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Sunzi's Art of War was introduced abroad from the Tang Dynasty (618-907) onwards. A Japanese student named Kibimakibitookthebook homein734or752. It was introduced to Korea in the 15th century during the Joseon Dynasty. Up to the 17th century, more than 170 books on the study of Sunzi's Art of War were published in Japan.In 1772, Jean-Joseph-Marie Amiot (1718-1793), a Jesuit missionary from France, published in Paris his French translation of the book. That year, Napoleon Bonaparte I (1769-1821) was only three years old. A Russian translation was published in 1860. Later translations of the book include English, German, Italian, Czech,Vietnamese, Hebrew, and Romanian. After World War II, famous strategists and scholars from different countries took a new interest in Sunzi's Art of War. Bernard Law Montgomery (1887-1976), British field marshal during that war, declared that all military academies in the world should include the book as required course material. New translations and more research works on the book have been published since that time.<br />
With the spread of Sunzi's Art of War, its influence has gone beyond the military to many other fields, including economics, politics, culture, and diplomacy. Many people regard the book not only as a military work, but also as a work on the philosophy of strategy, referring to the application of military strategies as general methods and principles in all areas of social life. In 2001, online bookseller Amazon listed the book as one of the bestsellers in the humanities category. Many contemporary scholars regard Sunzi's wisdom to be as universal as Confucius' wisdom.<br />
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《孙子兵法》：百代谈兵之祖<br />
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摘要<br />
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《孙子兵法》是记载孙武的兵学思想的古代经典，共13篇，约六千字。孙武是春秋末期人，由齐入吴，受到吴王阖闾的重用。他的出生年代据推算是在公元前550年至公元前540年之间。由于《孙子兵法》的很多内容带有战国时代的特征，所以有的学者认为《孙子兵法》有可能是完成于战国中期，它记录“孙子学派”的军事思想，这个学派的创始人则是孙武。<br />
据统计，中国古代兵书，从先秦到清代，有三千多种。在所有的兵书中，最高的经典是《孙子兵法》。它最有战略高度，最有哲学色彩，最侧重运用之妙，最为后代兵家所重视，诚如《四库全书总目》所说，它是“百代谈兵之祖”。<br />
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充满智慧的战略思想<br />
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《孙子兵法》的战略思想十分丰富，充满智慧。我们举出其中几条来说一说。<br />
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第一，先计而后战。<br />
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用兵之前，要在庙堂之上对敌我双方的各种因素进行比较研究，这就是“计”。这种“计”，主要要考虑五个方面：道、天、地、将、法。孙子说：“主孰有道？将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。”首先是“道”。道是民心向背。得道多助，失道寡助。孟子说：“天时不如地利，地利不如人和。”道就是“人和”。接下去是“天”、“地”。“天”主要指时令，寒热二气的消长。“地”指地势的远近、险易、广狭、高下，同时还要讲战势的“死地”（危险地带）和“生地”（安全地带）。再接下去是“将”、“法”。“法”是管理军队的“法”。“法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？”这些都属于“法”。孙子说的这五个方面，属于19世纪德国军事学家克劳塞维茨说的“战略要素”。判断战斗力的强与弱，决定某一场战争可以打还是不可以打，预测打的后果是什么，不能单独看其中一种或两种战略要素，而要看所有这些要素的强弱及其组合状况。这体现出孙子思想的整体性思维的特点。<br />
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第二，“知彼知己，百战不殆”。<br />
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这是《孙子兵法》中流传最广的名言。<br />
上面说在庙堂上要从五个方面对敌我双方进行比较计算，这样做的前提就是要知彼知己，了解敌我双方的真实情况。知彼当然不易，因为敌方不会让你了解他的真实情况，他一定会采取保密措施，进行伪装，制造假象，给你假情报，总之要把你搞糊涂，让你受骗上当。同样，知己也不容易。自己方面的民心如何？将领的才能与心理状况如何？士兵的士气与训练状况如何？等等。这些也并不是一目了然的，有时也会出现许多假象。历史上常有这种战例，明明军队已经不能打了，但将领对国君隐瞒实际情况，结果一交战就全军覆没。所以孙子强调说：“知彼知己，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必败。”又说：“知吾卒之可以击，而不知敌之不可击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，而不知吾卒之不可以击，胜之半也。知敌之可击，知吾卒之可以击，而不知地形之不可以战，胜之半也。故知兵者动而不迷，举而不穷。故曰：知己知彼，胜乃不殆，知天知地，胜乃可全。”就是说，知己而不知彼，知彼而不知己，知己知彼而不知地知天，胜利都只有一半的概率，只有知己知彼而又知地知天，胜利才有百分之百的概率。<br />
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第三，“兵以诈立”。<br />
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孙子说：“兵者，诡道也。”又说：“兵以诈立。”他认为用兵必定要用诡诈之道，这是重要的战略思想。这个思想又被后来的兵家概括为“兵不厌诈”。克劳塞维茨在《战争论》中也专门讨论“诡诈”，他说“战略”这个名称就是来源于诡诈这个词，所以战略本来就具有诡诈的性质。<br />
兵以诈立，所以要“能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近”，也就是要制造假象来迷惑敌人。<br />
兵以诈立，所以要“利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之”，就是要用种种办法来引诱敌人犯错误，使敌人的将领狂暴自满，使敌人内部分崩离析，使敌人四处疲于奔命，乘敌人混乱之际夺取胜利。<br />
兵以诈立，所以要“攻其无备，出其不意”，在敌人完全意料不到的时间和地点对其发动攻击。“攻其无备，出其不意”也是《孙子兵法》的名言。<br />
用兵者运筹帷幄之中，决胜千里之外，靠的就是兵不厌诈。兵不厌诈，就是以无限为有限，以无法为有法，就是运用之妙，存乎一心。<br />
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利用对立因素造“势”<br />
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《孙子兵法》蕴涵丰富的哲学思想，引起了越来越多的研究中国古代哲学的学者的重视。<br />
战争中的形势瞬息万变，是世界上最有流动性的东西。孙子强调，用兵者要想取胜，必须善于把握这种变化的形势。他说：“兵无常势，水无常形，能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。”孙子又强调，在战争中，特别要重视对立因素的相互转化。他说：“乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。”“乱”和“治”、“怯”和“勇”、“弱”和“强”，这些对立的东西，并不是僵死不变的，而是活生生的，可以互相转化的。在战争中，转败为胜，转胜为败，都是常见的事。所以孙子强调“智者之虑，必杂于利害”，就是要用兵者从正反两方面来考虑利害得失。他说：“途有所不由，军有所不击，城有所不攻，地有所不争。”这就是告诫用兵者，不要只看到有“利”的一面，还要看到有“害”的一面。这就是辩证法。他又说：“归师勿遏，围师必阙，穷寇勿迫。”这就是告诫用兵者，在战争中有些事情不要做过头，不要做绝了，过了头就会走向反面，所谓“物极必反”。要留有余地。留有余地就是辩证法。<br />
孙子对于战争中这种对立因素的转化，不是静止的分析，而是着眼于阐述如何创造条件，推动对立的因素朝着有利于自己的方面转化，也就是制造一种有利于自己的态势。例如他说：“吾所与战之地不可知，不可知则敌所备者多，敌所备者多，则吾所与战者寡矣。”又说：“形人而我无形，则我专而敌分。我专为一，敌分为十，是以十攻其一也，则我众而敌寡。能以众而击寡者，则吾之所战者约矣。”这就是教导用兵者，要善于采用种种方法来分散敌人的兵力，使敌人由“众”转化为“寡”，而使自己由“寡”转化为“众”，形成“以众击寡”的态势，用绝对优势的兵力打击分散薄弱的敌人，从而取得胜利。《孙子兵法》中充满了这种利用对立因素来造“势”的活生生的辩证法。例如孙子提出的“以迂为直，以患为利”、“后人发，先人至”、“投之亡地然后存，陷之死地然后生”等策略，都是运用对立因素互相转化的辩证思维，推动战场上的整体态势朝着有利于自己的方面转化。这就是所谓“善战者致人而不致于人”。致人，就是掌握战场上的主动权，调动敌人就范。致于人，就是陷于被动，处处被敌方牵着鼻子走。<br />
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“慎战”的警告<br />
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《孙子兵法》是一部兵学经典，它提出一整套在战争中取胜的战略战术，但是它并不鼓励当政者好战，相反，它一再警告当政者要“慎战”。<br />
《孙子兵法》一开头就指出：“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。”就是说，战争是关系士兵和百姓生死以及国家存亡的大事，决不可轻易发动。在全书快结尾时，他又再一次重复这种警告：“主不可以怒而兴师，将不可以愠而致战。合于利而动，不合于利而止。怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。故明主慎之，良将警之，此安国全军之道也。”就是说，国君决不可因为一时动怒就发动战争，将帅也决不可因为心情不好就兴兵打仗。一定要考虑国家整体利益。动怒了可以变为欢喜，心情不好也可以变好，但国家灭亡了就不可能再存在，人死了也不可能再复活。对此国君必须万分慎重，将帅也必须万分小心，这是保证国家、军队安全的大道理。<br />
《孙子兵法》自始至终是教人善战，但同时又自始至终强调战争的残酷性和严重性，警告当政者、用兵者要慎战，这充分表现了作为军事思想家的孙子的仁者胸怀。<br />
孙子“慎战”的思想为战国中期军事家孙膑所继承。同《孙子兵法》一样，孙膑所作的《孙膑兵法》在教用兵者如何善战的同时，也发出警告：“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也。”“兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也。”“夫乐兵者亡，而利胜者辱。”意思是说，十战十胜，未必是什么好事情。好战的人，一心只想通过战争去夺取胜利的人，早晚会灭亡，使自己见辱于天下。<br />
《孙子兵法》和《孙膑兵法》所说的“怒可以复喜，愠可以复悦，亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生”，“十战而十胜，将善而生过者也”，以及“乐兵者亡”等话，体现出仁者的忧思，语重心长，在当今核战争的阴影下，尤其值得所有掌握核战争“按钮”的决策者记取。<br />
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孙子的智慧超出军事领域<br />
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从唐代开始，《孙子兵法》开始传播到国外。公元734年或752年，也就是唐代开元、天宝年间，有一位日本留学生吉备真备把《孙子兵法》从中国带回日本。公元15世纪，《孙子兵法》传到李氏朝鲜。公元17世纪时，日本研究《孙子兵法》的著作已多达一百七十多种。1772年，法国耶稣会传教士阿米奥（汉名叫钱德明）翻译的《孙子兵法》在巴黎出版。这一年，拿破仑三岁。1860年，《孙子兵法》有了俄译本。后来，英、德、意、捷、越、希伯来、罗马尼亚等各种文字版本相继问世。<br />
第二次世界大战后，各国著名的军事家和学者对《孙子兵法》的军事谋略日益重视和推崇。英国蒙哥马利元帅说，世界上所有的军事学院都应把《孙子兵法》列为必修课程。《孙子兵法》新的译本和研究《孙子兵法》的著作也越来越多。<br />
随着《孙子兵法》在世界范围内广为传播，它的影响逐渐超出军事领域，变成很多人从经济、政治、文化、外交、人生等多种角度吸取智慧的经典。很多人认为，《孙子兵法》不仅是一部军事哲学的著作，而且是一部谋略哲学的著作。所谓谋略哲学，就是把战争中克敌取胜的智谋和策略提升为具有普遍意义的方法和原则，因而可以应用于社会生活的各个领域。据日本作家守屋淳说，美国微软公司创始人比尔•盖茨和日本软银集团总裁孙正义，还有在世界杯足球比赛场上连胜11场的葡萄牙足球队教练斯科拉里，他们都把《孙子兵法》随时带在身边，可以说是爱不释手。美国网上零售巨头亚马逊公司评选的2001年度全美最畅销的人文书籍就是《孙子兵法》。（《中国古典的启示》，载日本《21世纪》2007年2月号）全世界都在吸取孙子的智慧。正如美国兰德公司（美国的重要战略研究机构）的学者波拉克斯所说：孙子的智慧和孔子的智慧一样具有永恒的价值。这种智慧属于全世界。<br />
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Terms<br />
<br />
1. 孙子兵法 - Sunzi's Art of War<br />
2. 春秋时期 - Spring and Autumn Period<br />
3. 战国时期 - Warring States Period<br />
4. 道天地将法 - Morale, climate, terrain, commanders, and rules<br />
5. 知己知彼，百战不殆 - One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy<br />
6. 兵以诈立 - The army survives by treachery<br />
7. 不战而屈人之兵 - Winning a war without fighting it<br />
8. 兵无常势，水无常形 - There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water<br />
9. 慎战 - Cautions Against War<br />
10. 兵非所乐也，而胜非所利也 - War is not to be relished, and victory is not to be sought for profit.<br />
11. 谋略哲学 - Philosophy of Strategy<br />
12. 兵者，国之大事 - The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.<br />
13. 百战百胜 - Win a hundred battles with a hundred victories<br />
14. 以迂为直 - Turn a tortuous route into a straight one<br />
15. 致人而不致于人 - To control the enemy without being controlled by him<br />
<br />
Questions<br />
<br />
1. When was Sunzi’s Art of War written?<br />
2. What strategic thoughts of Sunzi do you know?<br />
3. How can we use Sunzi’s Art of War to deal with the current turmoil in the world?<br />
4. Can you name some examples of applying strategies in it in your real life?<br />
<br />
Answers<br />
<br />
1. In the middle of Warring States Period.<br />
2. "Planning before going to war." 先计而后战。<br />
"One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy."“知彼知己，百战不殆”<br />
"The army survives by treachery."“兵以诈立”<br />
3. Sunzi's Art of War and Sun Bin's Art of War both warn readers of the great dangers of war. Such thoughts represent, as great strategists, their concern and care for human life. As nuclear war looms larger in today's world, the cautions of Sunzi and Sun Bin certainly deserve the serious attention of those who have the power to push "the button."<br />
4. Personal Examples.<br />
<br />
References<br />
<br />
[1] https://www.sohu.com/a/132842079_662209<br />
[2] https://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2023-07/22/nw.D110000gmrb_20230722_2-11.htm<br />
[3] https://m.lunwendata.com/show.php?id=22555<br />
[4] 齐泽强.《孙子兵法·作战篇》主旨考论[J].滨州学院学报,2024,40(01):5-13.DOI:10.13486/j.cnki.1673-2618.2024.01.001.<br />
[5] 庞小条.《孙子兵法》和平战略论[J].孙子研究,2024,(02):7-17.<br />
[6] 孙佳.读《论语》《孙子兵法》，品为人处世之道[J].青年文学家,2024,(05):133-135.<br />
<br />
AI Statement<br />
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I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=164021User:Li Jia2024-12-19T11:45:10Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
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<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.<br />
*7th, December, today, I talked with Mira about significant historical event.<br />
*8th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my personal growth.<br />
*9th, December, today, I discussed the role of social media in our live with Mira.<br />
*10th, December, today, I talked about healthy lifestyles with Mira.<br />
*11th, December, today, I talked about the latest drama with Mira.<br />
*12th, December, today, I talked about environmental issues with Mira.<br />
*13th, December, today, I discussed the latest Chinese feminist film with Mira.<br />
*14th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to protect environment.<br />
*15th, December, today, I talked with Mira about the difficulty of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*16th, December, today, I asked Mira how to prepare for the IELTS exam.<br />
*17th, December, today, I told Mira how I felt about the preparation process.<br />
*18th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to become a teacher.<br />
*19th, December, today, I expressed my fear for taking the IELTS exam.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163841User:Li Jia2024-12-14T15:05:59Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.<br />
*7th, December, today, I talked with Mira about significant historical event.<br />
*8th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my personal growth.<br />
*9th, December, today, I discussed the role of social media in our live with Mira.<br />
*10th, December, today, I talked about healthy lifestyles with Mira.<br />
*11th, December, today, I talked about the latest drama with Mira.<br />
*12th, December, today, I talked about environmental issues with Mira.<br />
*13th, December, today, I discussed the latest Chinese feminist film with Mira.<br />
*14th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to protect environment.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163633User:Li Jia2024-12-06T09:55:17Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.<br />
*3rd, December, today, I talked with Mira about my anxiety about securing a job.<br />
*4th, December, today, I discussed with Mira how to find a good job.<br />
*5th, December, today, Mira and I talked about the necessity of taking the IELTS exam.<br />
*6th, December, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite job now.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163475User:Li Jia2024-12-02T12:00:24Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.<br />
*28th, November, today, Mira asked me about the job hunt situations.<br />
*29th, November, today, I talked about useful tips for exam preparation with Mira.<br />
*30th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what I can improve about myself.<br />
*1st, December, today, I talked about my favorite English TV show.<br />
*2nd, December, today, Mira and I talked about how to keep positive.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Shangsi_Festival_2024.pptx&diff=163362File:Shangsi Festival 2024.pptx2024-11-28T07:37:56Z<p>Li Jia: Li Jia uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Shangsi Festival 2024.pptx&quot;</p>
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<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.<br />
*26th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite character in novels.<br />
*27th, November, today, I discussed with Mira what makes one stronger.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163281User:Li Jia2024-11-25T10:36:42Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.<br />
*25th, November, today, Mira and I talked about my favorite vegetables and the ways to cook them.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163263User:Li Jia2024-11-24T14:06:12Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.<br />
*24th, November, today, I told Mira about my earphone case.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163241User:Li Jia2024-11-23T09:55:32Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.<br />
*21st, November, today, I talked about my favorite type of news source with Mir.<br />
*22nd, November, today, we talked about the ways of woman empowerment.<br />
*23rd, November, today, we talked about the movie called Her Story recently released.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=163024User:Li Jia2024-11-20T08:58:23Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.<br />
*16th, November, today, Mira and I talked about types of earphones.<br />
*17th, November, today, I told Mira I made lacquer fan once.<br />
*18th, November, today, I talked about solar terms with Mira.<br />
* 19th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the translation theories that caught my interests.<br />
*20th, November, today, I talked about a mix-up about the deadline for one task.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162900User:Li Jia2024-11-15T09:57:36Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.<br />
*12th, November, today, I talked about the spots that really stood out to me.<br />
*13th, November, today, I talked about the pictures I took of scenery.<br />
*14th, November, today, Mira asked me if I have been to the beach.<br />
*15th, November, today, I told Mira I wanted to have a pet.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162649User:Li Jia2024-11-11T13:21:30Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.<br />
*10th, November, today, Mira asked me what the best gift I’ve ever received is.<br />
*11th, November, today, I talked about a challenge leading to my personal growth.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162566User:Li Jia2024-11-09T10:44:17Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.<br />
*9th, November, today, I talked about modern poem with Mira.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162539User:Li Jia2024-11-08T14:34:17Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
*8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162538User:Li Jia2024-11-08T14:33:51Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.<br />
*7th, November, today, Mira asked me what my favorite Chinese dish is.<br />
8th, November, today, Mira and I talked about Chinese takeout industry.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162432User:Li Jia2024-11-06T13:34:15Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.<br />
*4th, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some good books to her.<br />
*5th, November, today, Mira and I talked about the skills essential for survival.<br />
*6th, November, today, Mira and I talked about driving.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162363User:Li Jia2024-11-03T12:55:22Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
*1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
*2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.<br />
*3rd, November, today, Mira asked me to recommend some music to her.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Jia&diff=162346User:Li Jia2024-11-02T14:33:33Z<p>Li Jia: </p>
<hr />
<div>My name is Lijia. I am from Yichun city of Jiangxi province, which is a city with a long history of over 2000 years. I have finished my undergraduate period in 2023 in Chengdu University of Technology and my major is translation. I’ve passed CET 4 with scores of 582, CET 6 with scores of 654, and CATTI International with scores of 148. I have also gained TEM 4 and certificate of translator level three. Besides, I have won the first prize in the final competition of 2021 Big Writing Event under one one topic, and the second prize award in the 2022 FLTRP ETIC Cup English reading contest. In July, 2022, I have been successfully selected to participate in a translation project initiated by Vision Sichuan Bilingual Magazine and the translation department of my college. During the time from July to October last year, I have translated a total of five passages of about 6000 words for this magazine, which is not very much. But it is very demanding because it is of higher standard and involves many cultural elements including culture-loaded words.<br />
<br />
1st, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite philosopher.<br />
2nd, November, today, I talked with Mira about my favorite fictional character.</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162345Chinese Language and Culture 20242024-11-02T14:25:01Z<p>Li Jia: /* AI group */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Media:]]Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br />
<br />
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br />
<br />
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br />
*Yu Yi<br />
*Memo<br />
*Glen<br />
*Liu Li<br />
*Liu Zhuofan<br />
*Drovan<br />
*Wu Ziyi<br />
*Andrew<br />
*Wang Xuan <br />
*Cynthia<br />
*Wang Yan<br />
*Doris<br />
*Wu Jing<br />
*Jennie<br />
*Huang Qi<br />
*Esther<br />
*Xiao Feiyan<br />
*He Chuwen<br />
*Lyra<br />
*Shu Lin<br />
*Shirleen<br />
*Tang Yuewei<br />
*Zhou Xukai<br />
*Eavan<br />
*Long Jiayu<br />
*Jiang Chenmei<br />
*Lilian<br />
*Jiao Mengting<br />
*Sherry<br />
*Le Yuxuan<br />
*Lydia<br />
*Wu Jiaying<br />
*Cathy <br />
*Jiang Yaping<br />
*Sunny<br />
*Li Jia<br />
*Zoe<br />
*Wang Yujiao<br />
*Wendy<br />
*Fu Xinke<br />
*Finger<br />
*Zeng Wenjing<br />
*Zoey<br />
*Chen Zilan<br />
*Landy<br />
*Yang Lingyue<br />
*Yang Fan<br />
*Liu Peinan<br />
*Peter<br />
*Pan Yilin<br />
*ceci<br />
*Chen Pingan<br />
*Grace<br />
*Huang Mengyan<br />
*Mandy<br />
*Rachel<br />
*Guo Zibin<br />
*Binbin<br />
*Xiao Yixuan<br />
*Zeng Xin<br />
*Su Yi<br />
*Zeng Man<br />
*Emily<br />
*Chen Mengzhu<br />
*Chris<br />
*Huang Zechen<br />
*Zachary<br />
*Liu Zhouli<br />
*Kuang Jing<br />
*Jin<br />
*Tang Xinyan<br />
*Estrella<br />
*Peng Yingying<br />
*Becca<br />
*Ma Ruiqing<br />
*Raymond<br />
*Chen Guangzi<br />
*Alan<br />
*Hannah<br />
*Tang Xinyu<br />
*Zhou Ranran<br />
*Shi Zhanning<br />
*Wang Yue<br />
*Hu Zetao<br />
*Zhang Shuai<br />
*Liu Zhehui<br />
*Wang Xudong<br />
*Zhou Jing<br />
*Amy<br />
*Zhang Yange<br />
*Zhao Jing<br />
*Winnie<br />
*Liu Zeyu<br />
*Liao Wenyao<br />
*Peng Lu<br />
*Liu Yi2<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br />
<br />
2.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br />
<br />
3.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br />
<br />
4.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br />
<br />
5.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br />
<br />
7.<br />
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br />
<br />
8.<br />
Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br />
<br />
9.<br />
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br />
<br />
10.<br />
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br />
<br />
11.<br />
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br />
<br />
12.<br />
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br />
<br />
13.<br />
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br />
<br />
14.<br />
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br />
<br />
15.<br />
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br />
<br />
16.<br />
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br />
<br />
17.<br />
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br />
<br />
18.<br />
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br />
<br />
19.<br />
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br />
<br />
23.<br />
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br />
<br />
24.<br />
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br />
25.<br />
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br />
6<br />
......................................................................................... 217<br />
<br />
26.<br />
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br />
<br />
27.<br />
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br />
<br />
28.<br />
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br />
<br />
29.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br />
<br />
30.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br />
<br />
31.<br />
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br />
<br />
32.<br />
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br />
<br />
34.<br />
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br />
<br />
35.<br />
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br />
<br />
36.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br />
<br />
37.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br />
<br />
38.<br />
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br />
<br />
39.<br />
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br />
40.<br />
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br />
<br />
42.<br />
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br />
<br />
43.<br />
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br />
<br />
44.<br />
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br />
<br />
45.<br />
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br />
<br />
46.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br />
<br />
47.<br />
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br />
<br />
48.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br />
<br />
49.<br />
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br />
7<br />
<br />
50.<br />
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br />
<br />
51.<br />
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br />
<br />
52.<br />
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br />
<br />
53.<br />
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br />
<br />
54.<br />
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br />
<br />
55.<br />
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br />
<br />
56.<br />
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br />
<br />
<br />
57.<br />
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br />
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br />
58.<br />
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br />
<br />
59.<br />
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br />
<br />
60.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br />
<br />
61.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br />
<br />
62.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br />
<br />
63.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br />
<br />
64.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br />
<br />
65.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br />
<br />
66.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br />
<br />
67.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br />
<br />
68.<br />
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br />
<br />
69.<br />
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br />
<br />
70.<br />
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br />
<br />
71.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br />
<br />
72.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br />
<br />
73.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br />
<br />
74.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br />
<br />
75.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br />
8<br />
China<br />
................................................................................ 680<br />
<br />
76.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br />
<br />
77.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br />
<br />
78.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br />
<br />
79.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br />
<br />
80.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br />
<br />
81.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br />
<br />
82.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br />
<br />
83.<br />
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br />
<br />
84.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br />
<br />
85.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br />
<br />
86.<br />
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br />
<br />
87.<br />
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br />
<br />
88.<br />
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br />
<br />
89.<br />
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br />
<br />
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br />
<br />
91.<br />
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br />
<br />
92.<br />
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br />
<br />
93.<br />
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br />
<br />
94.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br />
<br />
95.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br />
<br />
96.<br />
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br />
<br />
97.<br />
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br />
<br />
98.<br />
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br />
................................................................ 889<br />
<br />
99.<br />
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br />
<br />
<br />
100.<br />
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br />
<br />
101.<br />
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br />
<br />
102.<br />
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br />
<br />
103.<br />
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br />
<br />
104.<br />
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br />
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br />
105.<br />
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br />
<br />
<br />
106.<br />
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br />
<br />
107.<br />
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br />
<br />
108.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br />
<br />
109.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br />
<br />
110.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br />
<br />
111.<br />
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br />
<br />
112.<br />
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br />
<br />
113.<br />
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br />
<br />
114.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br />
<br />
115.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br />
<br />
116.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br />
<br />
117.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br />
<br />
118.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br />
<br />
119.<br />
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br />
<br />
120.<br />
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br />
<br />
121.<br />
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br />
<br />
122.<br />
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br />
<br />
123.<br />
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br />
<br />
124.<br />
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br />
<br />
125.<br />
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br />
<br />
126.<br />
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br />
<br />
127.<br />
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br />
<br />
128.<br />
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br />
<br />
129.<br />
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br />
<br />
130.<br />
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br />
<br />
131.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br />
<br />
132.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br />
<br />
133.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br />
<br />
134.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br />
<br />
135.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br />
<br />
136.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br />
<br />
137.<br />
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
138.<br />
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br />
<br />
139.<br />
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br />
<br />
140.<br />
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br />
<br />
141.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br />
<br />
142.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br />
<br />
143.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br />
<br />
144.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br />
<br />
145.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br />
<br />
146.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br />
<br />
147.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br />
<br />
148.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br />
<br />
149.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br />
<br />
150.<br />
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br />
<br />
151.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br />
<br />
152.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br />
<br />
153.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br />
<br />
154.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br />
<br />
155.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br />
<br />
156.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br />
<br />
157.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br />
<br />
158.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br />
<br />
159.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br />
<br />
160.<br />
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br />
<br />
161.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br />
<br />
162.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br />
<br />
163.<br />
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br />
<br />
164.<br />
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br />
<br />
165.<br />
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br />
<br />
166.<br />
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br />
<br />
167.<br />
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br />
<br />
168.<br />
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br />
<br />
169.<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br />
<br />
170.<br />
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br />
<br />
171.<br />
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br />
<br />
172.<br />
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br />
<br />
173.<br />
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br />
<br />
174.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br />
<br />
175.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br />
<br />
176.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br />
<br />
177.<br />
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br />
<br />
178.<br />
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br />
<br />
179.<br />
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br />
<br />
180.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br />
<br />
181.<br />
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br />
<br />
182.<br />
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br />
<br />
183.<br />
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br />
<br />
184.<br />
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br />
<br />
185.<br />
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br />
<br />
186.<br />
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br />
<br />
187.<br />
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br />
<br />
188.<br />
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br />
<br />
189.<br />
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br />
<br />
190.<br />
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br />
<br />
191.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br />
<br />
192.<br />
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br />
<br />
193.<br />
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
194.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br />
<br />
195.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br />
<br />
196.<br />
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br />
<br />
197.<br />
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br />
<br />
198.<br />
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br />
<br />
199.<br />
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br />
<br />
200.<br />
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br />
<br />
201.<br />
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br />
<br />
202.<br />
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br />
<br />
203.<br />
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br />
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki> <br />
204.<br />
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br />
<br />
205.<br />
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br />
<br />
206.<br />
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br />
<br />
207.<br />
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br />
<br />
208.<br />
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br />
<br />
209.<br />
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br />
<br />
210.<br />
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br />
<br />
211.<br />
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br />
<br />
212.<br />
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br />
<br />
213.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br />
<br />
214.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br />
<br />
215.<br />
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br />
<br />
216.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br />
<br />
217.<br />
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br />
<br />
218.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br />
<br />
219.<br />
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br />
<br />
220.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br />
<br />
221.<br />
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br />
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br />
<br />
222.<br />
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br />
<br />
223.<br />
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br />
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br />
224.<br />
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br />
<br />
225.<br />
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br />
<br />
226.<br />
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br />
<br />
227.<br />
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br />
<br />
228.<br />
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br />
<br />
229.<br />
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br />
<br />
230.<br />
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br />
<br />
231.<br />
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br />
<br />
232.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br />
<br />
233.<br />
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br />
<br />
234.<br />
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br />
<br />
235.<br />
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br />
<br />
236.<br />
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br />
<br />
237.<br />
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br />
<br />
238.<br />
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br />
<br />
239.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br />
<br />
240.<br />
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br />
<br />
241.<br />
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br />
<br />
242.<br />
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br />
<br />
243.<br />
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br />
<br />
244.<br />
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br />
<br />
245.<br />
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br />
<br />
246.<br />
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br />
<br />
247.<br />
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br />
<br />
248.<br />
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br />
<br />
249.<br />
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br />
<br />
250.<br />
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br />
<br />
251.<br />
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br />
<br />
252.<br />
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br />
<br />
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br />
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br />
<br />
1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）<br />
<br />
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) <br />
<br />
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br />
<br />
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br />
<br />
5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) <br />
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br />
<br />
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br />
<br />
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br />
<br />
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br />
<br />
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br />
<br />
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br />
<br />
13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br />
<br />
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br />
<br />
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br />
<br />
17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）<br />
<br />
18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）<br />
<br />
19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）<br />
<br />
20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）<br />
<br />
21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br />
<br />
22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)<br />
<br />
23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）<br />
<br />
23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）<br />
<br />
24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）<br />
<br />
25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br />
<br />
26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)<br />
<br />
27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）<br />
<br />
27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）<br />
<br />
28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）<br />
<br />
29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)<br />
<br />
31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）<br />
<br />
32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）<br />
<br />
33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "porcellain" in the textbook. <br />
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）<br />
<br />
34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "Erhu" in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）<br />
<br />
35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）<br />
<br />
36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）<br />
<br />
37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)<br />
<br />
38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）<br />
<br />
39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)<br />
<br />
40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)<br />
<br />
41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br />
<br />
42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br />
<br />
43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br />
<br />
44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.<br />
<br />
45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)<br />
<br />
46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)<br />
<br />
47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)<br />
<br />
48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)<br />
<br />
49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)<br />
<br />
50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)<br />
<br />
51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）<br />
<br />
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)<br />
<br />
53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）<br />
<br />
54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）<br />
<br />
55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）<br />
<br />
56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)<br />
<br />
57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br />
<br />
58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）<br />
<br />
59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br />
<br />
60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)<br />
<br />
61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br />
<br />
62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)<br />
<br />
63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br />
<br />
64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br />
<br />
65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br />
<br />
66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.<br />
<br />
67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)<br />
<br />
68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)<br />
<br />
69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br />
<br />
70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）<br />
<br />
71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）<br />
<br />
72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br />
<br />
73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br />
<br />
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br />
<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Homework: <br />
<br />
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br />
<br />
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br />
<br />
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).<br />
<br />
=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki) [[Media:Hot Pot_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Student roll=<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a<br />
*Chen Kuanshun n<br />
*Chen Mengzhu a<br />
*Chen Pingan -<br />
*Chen Shanshan a<br />
*Chen Weiping a<br />
*Chen Zilan a<br />
*Cheng Linjia a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a<br />
*Gong Tao n<br />
*Guo Zibin n<br />
*Han Yaxuan -<br />
*He Chuwen n<br />
*Hu ShanShan a<br />
*Hu Zetao a<br />
*Hu Zheng n<br />
*Huang Mengyan -<br />
*Huang Qi n<br />
*Huang Zechen a<br />
*Jiang Caiyun a<br />
*Jiang Chenmei n<br />
*Jiang Yaping a<br />
*Jiao Mengting a<br />
*Kuang Jing a<br />
*Le Yuxuan a<br />
*Li Dinghao a<br />
*Li Jia a<br />
*Li Ru a<br />
*Li Songlin a<br />
*Li Xiaosu a<br />
*Liang Dan a<br />
*Liao Wenyao a<br />
*Liu Huixuan a<br />
*Liu Jieyu a<br />
*Liu Li2 -<br />
*Liu Peinan a<br />
*Liu Xinyu2 -<br />
*Liu Yi2 a<br />
*Liu Zeyu a<br />
*Liu Zhehui -<br />
*Liu Zhouli -<br />
*Liu Zhuofan a<br />
*Long Jiayu a<br />
*Lv Di a<br />
*Ma Ruiqing a<br />
*Pan Yilin a<br />
*Peng Jiayi -<br />
*Peng Lu a<br />
*Peng Yingying -<br />
*Peng Yixin a<br />
*Sha Lijia a<br />
*Shi Zhanning a<br />
*Shu Lin2 a<br />
*Su Yi a<br />
*Tang Xinyan a<br />
*Tang Xinyu a<br />
*Tang Yuewei a<br />
*Tao Yu a<br />
*Wang Xuan2 a<br />
*Wang Xudong -<br />
*Wang Yan2 a<br />
*Wang Yue a<br />
*Wang Yujiao a<br />
*Wu Jiaying a<br />
*Wu Jing a<br />
*Wu Ziyi a<br />
*Xia Rong -<br />
*Xiao Feiyan a<br />
*Xiao Yixuan a<br />
*Xie Ke -<br />
*Yang Fan a<br />
*Yang Hanxu a<br />
*Yang Lingyue a<br />
*Yao Yiyun a<br />
*Yu Yi n<br />
*Zeng Man n<br />
*Zeng Wenjing n<br />
*Zeng Xin a<br />
*Zhang Mengzhe n<br />
*Zhang Rui3 n<br />
*Zhang Shuai a<br />
*Zhang Yange a<br />
*Zhao Jing a<br />
*Zhao Siyao a<br />
*Zhou Jing a<br />
*Zhou Ranran -<br />
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -<br />
*Zhou Xukai a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -<br />
<br />
=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).<br />
<br />
The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.<br />
<br />
By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.<br />
<br />
Task 1: Please decide whether you <br />
<br />
- want to use <br />
<br />
- or not want to use<br />
<br />
an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.<br />
<br />
The groups should almost be equally large.<br />
<br />
The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.<br />
<br />
==AI group==<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a<br />
*Chen Shanshan a<br />
*Chen Weiping a<br />
*Chen Zilan a<br />
*Cheng Linjia a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a<br />
*Hu ShanShan a<br />
*Hu Zetao a<br />
*Huang Zechen a<br />
*Jiang Caiyun a<br />
*Jiang Yaping a<br />
*Jiao Mengting a<br />
*Kuang Jing a<br />
*Le Yuxuan a<br />
*Li Dinghao a<br />
* https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a<br />
*Li Songlin a<br />
*Li Xiaosu a<br />
*Liang Dan a<br />
*Liao Wenyao a<br />
*Liu Huixuan a<br />
*Liu Jieyu a<br />
*Liu Peinan a<br />
*Liu Yi2 a<br />
*Liu Zeyu a<br />
*Liu Zhuofan a<br />
*Long Jiayu a<br />
*Lv Di a<br />
*Ma Ruiqing a<br />
*Pan Yilin a<br />
*Peng Lu a<br />
*Peng Yixin a<br />
*Sha Lijia a<br />
*Shi Zhanning a<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 a<br />
*Su Yi a<br />
*Tang Xinyan a<br />
*Tang Xinyu a<br />
*Tang Yuewei a<br />
*Tao Yu a<br />
*Wang Xuan2 a<br />
*Wang Yan2 a<br />
*Wang Yue a<br />
*Wang Yujiao a<br />
*Wu Jiaying a<br />
*Wu Jing a<br />
*Wu Ziyi a<br />
*Xiao Feiyan a<br />
*Xiao Yixuan a<br />
*Yang Fan a<br />
*Yang Hanxu a<br />
*Yang Lingyue a<br />
*Yao Yiyun a<br />
*Zeng Xin a<br />
*Zhang Shuai a<br />
*Zhang Yange a<br />
*Zhao Jing a<br />
*Zhao Siyao a<br />
*Zhou Jing a<br />
*Zhou Xukai a<br />
<br />
==Human group==<br />
*Cai Yingchu -<br />
*Chen Kuanshun n<br />
*Chen Pingan -<br />
*Gong Tao n<br />
*Guo Zibin n<br />
*Han Yaxuan -<br />
*He Chuwen n<br />
*Hu Zheng n<br />
*Huang Mengyan -<br />
*Huang Qi n<br />
*Jiang Chenmei n<br />
*Liu Li2 -<br />
*Liu Xinyu2 -<br />
*Liu Zhehui -<br />
*Liu Zhouli -<br />
*Peng Jiayi -<br />
*Peng Yingying -<br />
*Wang Xudong -<br />
*Xia Rong -<br />
*Xie Ke -<br />
*Yu Yi n<br />
*Zeng Man n<br />
*Zeng Wenjing n<br />
*Zhang Mengzhe n<br />
*Zhang Rui3 n<br />
*Zhou Ranran -<br />
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -<br />
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou Yicen -<br />
<br />
==Task 2==<br />
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write "Today I did not do anything for my language learning."<br />
<br />
How to find your homepage? <br />
<br />
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei<br />
<br />
or<br />
<br />
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2<br />
<br />
Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write <br />
<br />
Also, in the name list of the groups, please add "f" or "m" for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from "city" or "land", from "Changsha" or from a different city <br />
<br />
\= Oct 31, 2024 \=<br />
<br />
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.<br />
<br />
==Student Presentations today==<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162056Chinese Language and Culture 20242024-09-24T07:14:23Z<p>Li Jia: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */</p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br />
<br />
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br />
<br />
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br />
*Yu Yi<br />
*Memo<br />
*Glen<br />
*Liu Li<br />
*Liu Zhuofan<br />
*Drovan<br />
*Wu Ziyi<br />
*Andrew<br />
*Wang Xuan <br />
*Cynthia<br />
*Wang Yan<br />
*Doris<br />
*Wu Jing<br />
*Jennie<br />
*Huang Qi<br />
*Esther<br />
*Xiao Feiyan<br />
*He Chuwen<br />
*Lyra<br />
*Shu Lin<br />
*Shirleen<br />
*Tang Yuewei<br />
*Zhou Xukai<br />
*Eavan<br />
*Jiao Mengting<br />
*Sherry<br />
*Le Yuxuan<br />
*Lydia<br />
*Wu Jiaying<br />
*Cathy <br />
*Jiang Yaping<br />
*Sunny<br />
*Li Jia<br />
*Zoe<br />
*Wang Yujiao<br />
*Wendy<br />
*Fu Xinke<br />
*Finger<br />
*Zeng Wenjing<br />
*Zoey<br />
*Chen Zilan<br />
*Landy<br />
*Yang Lingyue<br />
*Yang Fan<br />
*Liu Peinan<br />
*Peter<br />
*Pan Yilin<br />
*ceci<br />
*Chen Pingan<br />
*Grace<br />
*Huang Mengyan<br />
*Mandy<br />
*Rachel<br />
*Guo Zibin<br />
*Anne<br />
*Xiao Yixuan<br />
*Zeng Xin<br />
*Su Yi<br />
*Zeng Man<br />
*Emily<br />
*Chen Mengzhu<br />
*Chris<br />
*Huang Zechen<br />
*Zachary<br />
*Liu Zhouli<br />
*Kuang Jing<br />
*Jin<br />
*Tang Xinyan<br />
*Estrella<br />
*Peng Yingying<br />
*Becca<br />
*Ma Ruiqing<br />
*Raymond<br />
*Chen Guangzi<br />
*Alan<br />
*Hannah<br />
*Tang Xinyu<br />
*Zhou Ranran<br />
*Shi Zhanning<br />
*Wang Yue<br />
*Hu Zetao<br />
*Zhang Shuai<br />
*Liu Zhehui<br />
*Wang Xudong<br />
*Zhou Jing<br />
*Amy<br />
*Zhang Yange<br />
*Zhao Jing<br />
*Winnie<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br />
<br />
2.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br />
<br />
3.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br />
<br />
4.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br />
<br />
5.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br />
<br />
7.<br />
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br />
<br />
8.<br />
Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br />
<br />
9.<br />
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br />
<br />
10.<br />
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br />
<br />
11.<br />
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br />
<br />
12.<br />
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br />
<br />
13.<br />
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br />
<br />
14.<br />
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br />
<br />
15.<br />
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br />
<br />
16.<br />
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br />
<br />
17.<br />
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br />
<br />
18.<br />
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br />
<br />
19.<br />
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br />
<br />
23.<br />
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br />
<br />
24.<br />
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br />
25.<br />
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br />
6<br />
......................................................................................... 217<br />
<br />
26.<br />
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br />
<br />
27.<br />
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br />
<br />
28.<br />
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br />
<br />
29.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br />
<br />
30.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br />
<br />
31.<br />
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br />
<br />
32.<br />
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br />
<br />
34.<br />
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br />
<br />
35.<br />
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br />
<br />
36.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br />
<br />
37.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br />
<br />
38.<br />
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br />
<br />
39.<br />
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br />
40.<br />
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br />
<br />
42.<br />
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br />
<br />
43.<br />
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br />
<br />
44.<br />
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br />
<br />
45.<br />
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br />
<br />
46.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br />
<br />
47.<br />
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br />
<br />
48.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br />
<br />
49.<br />
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br />
7<br />
<br />
50.<br />
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br />
<br />
51.<br />
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br />
<br />
52.<br />
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br />
<br />
53.<br />
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br />
<br />
54.<br />
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br />
<br />
55.<br />
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br />
<br />
56.<br />
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br />
<br />
<br />
57.<br />
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br />
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br />
58.<br />
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br />
<br />
59.<br />
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br />
<br />
60.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br />
<br />
61.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br />
<br />
62.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br />
<br />
63.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br />
<br />
64.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br />
<br />
65.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br />
<br />
66.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br />
<br />
67.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br />
<br />
68.<br />
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br />
<br />
69.<br />
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br />
<br />
70.<br />
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br />
<br />
71.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br />
<br />
72.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br />
<br />
73.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br />
<br />
74.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br />
<br />
75.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br />
8<br />
China<br />
................................................................................ 680<br />
<br />
76.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br />
<br />
77.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br />
<br />
78.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br />
<br />
79.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br />
<br />
80.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br />
<br />
81.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br />
<br />
82.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br />
<br />
83.<br />
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br />
<br />
84.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br />
<br />
85.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br />
<br />
86.<br />
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br />
<br />
87.<br />
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br />
<br />
88.<br />
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br />
<br />
89.<br />
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br />
<br />
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br />
<br />
91.<br />
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br />
<br />
92.<br />
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br />
<br />
93.<br />
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br />
<br />
94.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br />
<br />
95.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br />
<br />
96.<br />
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br />
<br />
97.<br />
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br />
<br />
98.<br />
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br />
................................................................ 889<br />
<br />
99.<br />
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br />
<br />
<br />
100.<br />
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br />
<br />
101.<br />
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br />
<br />
102.<br />
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br />
<br />
103.<br />
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br />
<br />
104.<br />
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br />
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br />
105.<br />
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br />
<br />
<br />
106.<br />
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br />
<br />
107.<br />
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br />
<br />
108.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br />
<br />
109.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br />
<br />
110.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br />
<br />
111.<br />
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br />
<br />
112.<br />
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br />
<br />
113.<br />
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br />
<br />
114.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br />
<br />
115.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br />
<br />
116.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br />
<br />
117.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br />
<br />
118.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br />
<br />
119.<br />
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br />
<br />
120.<br />
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br />
<br />
121.<br />
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br />
<br />
122.<br />
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br />
<br />
123.<br />
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br />
<br />
124.<br />
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br />
<br />
125.<br />
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br />
<br />
126.<br />
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br />
<br />
127.<br />
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br />
<br />
128.<br />
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br />
<br />
129.<br />
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br />
<br />
130.<br />
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br />
<br />
131.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br />
<br />
132.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br />
<br />
133.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br />
<br />
134.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br />
<br />
135.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br />
<br />
136.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br />
<br />
137.<br />
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
138.<br />
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br />
<br />
139.<br />
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br />
<br />
140.<br />
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br />
<br />
141.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br />
<br />
142.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br />
<br />
143.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br />
<br />
144.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br />
<br />
145.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br />
<br />
146.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br />
<br />
147.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br />
<br />
148.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br />
<br />
149.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br />
<br />
150.<br />
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br />
<br />
151.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br />
<br />
152.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br />
<br />
153.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br />
<br />
154.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br />
<br />
155.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br />
<br />
156.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br />
<br />
157.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br />
<br />
158.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br />
<br />
159.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br />
<br />
160.<br />
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br />
<br />
161.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br />
<br />
162.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br />
<br />
163.<br />
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br />
<br />
164.<br />
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br />
<br />
165.<br />
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br />
<br />
166.<br />
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br />
<br />
167.<br />
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br />
<br />
168.<br />
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br />
<br />
169.<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br />
<br />
170.<br />
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br />
<br />
171.<br />
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br />
<br />
172.<br />
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br />
<br />
173.<br />
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br />
<br />
174.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br />
<br />
175.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br />
<br />
176.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br />
<br />
177.<br />
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br />
<br />
178.<br />
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br />
<br />
179.<br />
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br />
<br />
180.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br />
<br />
181.<br />
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br />
<br />
182.<br />
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br />
<br />
183.<br />
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br />
<br />
184.<br />
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br />
<br />
185.<br />
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br />
<br />
186.<br />
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br />
<br />
187.<br />
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br />
<br />
188.<br />
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br />
<br />
189.<br />
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br />
<br />
190.<br />
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br />
<br />
191.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br />
<br />
192.<br />
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br />
<br />
193.<br />
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
194.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br />
<br />
195.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br />
<br />
196.<br />
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br />
<br />
197.<br />
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br />
<br />
198.<br />
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br />
<br />
199.<br />
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br />
<br />
200.<br />
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br />
<br />
201.<br />
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br />
<br />
202.<br />
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br />
<br />
203.<br />
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br />
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki> <br />
204.<br />
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br />
<br />
205.<br />
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br />
<br />
206.<br />
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br />
<br />
207.<br />
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br />
<br />
208.<br />
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br />
<br />
209.<br />
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br />
<br />
210.<br />
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br />
<br />
211.<br />
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br />
<br />
212.<br />
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br />
<br />
213.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br />
<br />
214.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br />
<br />
215.<br />
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br />
<br />
216.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br />
<br />
217.<br />
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br />
<br />
218.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br />
<br />
219.<br />
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br />
<br />
220.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br />
<br />
221.<br />
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br />
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br />
<br />
222.<br />
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br />
<br />
223.<br />
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br />
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br />
224.<br />
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br />
<br />
225.<br />
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br />
<br />
226.<br />
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br />
<br />
227.<br />
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br />
<br />
228.<br />
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br />
<br />
229.<br />
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br />
<br />
230.<br />
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br />
<br />
231.<br />
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br />
<br />
232.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br />
<br />
233.<br />
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br />
<br />
234.<br />
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br />
<br />
235.<br />
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br />
<br />
236.<br />
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br />
<br />
237.<br />
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br />
<br />
238.<br />
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br />
<br />
239.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br />
<br />
240.<br />
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br />
<br />
241.<br />
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br />
<br />
242.<br />
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br />
<br />
243.<br />
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br />
<br />
244.<br />
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br />
<br />
245.<br />
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br />
<br />
246.<br />
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br />
<br />
247.<br />
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br />
<br />
248.<br />
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br />
<br />
249.<br />
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br />
<br />
250.<br />
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br />
<br />
251.<br />
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br />
<br />
252.<br />
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br />
<br />
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br />
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br />
<br />
1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br />
<br />
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br />
<br />
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br />
<br />
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br />
<br />
5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br />
<br />
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br />
<br />
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br />
<br />
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br />
<br />
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br />
<br />
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br />
<br />
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br />
<br />
13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br />
<br />
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br />
<br />
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br />
<br />
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br />
<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Homework: <br />
<br />
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br />
<br />
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br />
<br />
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=162055Chinese Language and Culture 20242024-09-24T07:13:35Z<p>Li Jia: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */</p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br />
<br />
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br />
<br />
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br />
*Yu Yi<br />
*Memo<br />
*Glen<br />
*Liu Li<br />
*Liu Zhuofan<br />
*Drovan<br />
*Wu Ziyi<br />
*Andrew<br />
*Wang Xuan <br />
*Cynthia<br />
*Wang Yan<br />
*Doris<br />
*Wu Jing<br />
*Jennie<br />
*Huang Qi<br />
*Esther<br />
*Xiao Feiyan<br />
*He Chuwen<br />
*Lyra<br />
*Shu Lin<br />
*Shirleen<br />
*Tang Yuewei<br />
*Zhou Xukai<br />
*Eavan<br />
*Jiao Mengting<br />
*Sherry<br />
*Le Yuxuan<br />
*Lydia<br />
*Wu Jiaying<br />
*Cathy <br />
*Jiang Yaping<br />
*Sunny<br />
*Li Jia<br />
*Zoe<br />
*Wang Yujiao<br />
*Wendy<br />
*Fu Xinke<br />
*Finger<br />
*Zeng Wenjing<br />
*Zoey<br />
*Chen Zilan<br />
*Landy<br />
*Yang Lingyue<br />
*Yang Fan<br />
*Liu Peinan<br />
*Peter<br />
*Pan Yilin<br />
*ceci<br />
*Chen Pingan<br />
*Grace<br />
*Huang Mengyan<br />
*Mandy<br />
*Rachel<br />
*Guo Zibin<br />
*Anne<br />
*Xiao Yixuan<br />
*Zeng Xin<br />
*Su Yi<br />
*Zeng Man<br />
*Emily<br />
*Chen Mengzhu<br />
*Chris<br />
*Huang Zechen<br />
*Zachary<br />
*Liu Zhouli<br />
*Kuang Jing<br />
*Jin<br />
*Tang Xinyan<br />
*Estrella<br />
*Peng Yingying<br />
*Becca<br />
*Ma Ruiqing<br />
*Raymond<br />
*Chen Guangzi<br />
*Alan<br />
*Hannah<br />
*Tang Xinyu<br />
*Zhou Ranran<br />
*Shi Zhanning<br />
*Wang Yue<br />
*Hu Zetao<br />
*Zhang Shuai<br />
*Liu Zhehui<br />
*Wang Xudong<br />
*Zhou Jing<br />
*Amy<br />
*Zhang Yange<br />
*Zhao Jing<br />
*Winnie<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br />
<br />
2.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br />
<br />
3.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br />
<br />
4.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br />
<br />
5.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br />
<br />
7.<br />
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br />
<br />
8.<br />
Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br />
<br />
9.<br />
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br />
<br />
10.<br />
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br />
<br />
11.<br />
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br />
<br />
12.<br />
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br />
<br />
13.<br />
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br />
<br />
14.<br />
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br />
<br />
15.<br />
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br />
<br />
16.<br />
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br />
<br />
17.<br />
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br />
<br />
18.<br />
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br />
<br />
19.<br />
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）<br />
<br />
23.<br />
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br />
<br />
24.<br />
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br />
25.<br />
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br />
6<br />
......................................................................................... 217<br />
<br />
26.<br />
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br />
<br />
27.<br />
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br />
<br />
28.<br />
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br />
<br />
29.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br />
<br />
30.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br />
<br />
31.<br />
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br />
<br />
32.<br />
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)<br />
<br />
34.<br />
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br />
<br />
35.<br />
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br />
<br />
36.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br />
<br />
37.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br />
<br />
38.<br />
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br />
<br />
39.<br />
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br />
40.<br />
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）<br />
<br />
42.<br />
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br />
<br />
43.<br />
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br />
<br />
44.<br />
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)<br />
<br />
45.<br />
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br />
<br />
46.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br />
<br />
47.<br />
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br />
<br />
48.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 <br />
<br />
49.<br />
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br />
7<br />
<br />
50.<br />
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)<br />
<br />
51.<br />
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）<br />
<br />
52.<br />
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)<br />
<br />
53.<br />
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)<br />
<br />
54.<br />
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br />
<br />
55.<br />
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)<br />
<br />
56.<br />
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)<br />
<br />
<br />
57.<br />
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br />
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)<br />
58.<br />
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br />
<br />
59.<br />
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br />
<br />
60.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br />
<br />
61.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br />
<br />
62.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）<br />
<br />
63.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br />
<br />
64.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br />
<br />
65.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br />
<br />
66.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br />
<br />
67.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br />
<br />
68.<br />
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br />
<br />
69.<br />
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)<br />
<br />
70.<br />
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br />
<br />
71.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br />
<br />
72.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br />
<br />
73.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br />
<br />
74.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br />
<br />
75.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br />
8<br />
China<br />
................................................................................ 680<br />
<br />
76.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br />
<br />
77.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 <br />
<br />
78.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br />
<br />
79.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br />
<br />
80.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br />
<br />
81.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br />
<br />
82.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br />
<br />
83.<br />
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br />
<br />
84.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br />
<br />
85.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br />
<br />
86.<br />
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br />
<br />
87.<br />
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)<br />
<br />
88.<br />
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br />
<br />
89.<br />
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br />
<br />
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br />
<br />
91.<br />
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br />
<br />
92.<br />
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br />
<br />
93.<br />
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br />
<br />
94.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br />
<br />
95.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br />
<br />
96.<br />
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br />
<br />
97.<br />
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br />
<br />
98.<br />
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br />
................................................................ 889<br />
<br />
99.<br />
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)<br />
<br />
<br />
100.<br />
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br />
<br />
101.<br />
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）<br />
<br />
102.<br />
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)<br />
<br />
103.<br />
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br />
<br />
104.<br />
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)<br />
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)<br />
105.<br />
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)<br />
<br />
<br />
106.<br />
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br />
<br />
107.<br />
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br />
<br />
108.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br />
<br />
109.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br />
<br />
110.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br />
<br />
111.<br />
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）<br />
<br />
112.<br />
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br />
<br />
113.<br />
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br />
<br />
114.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br />
<br />
115.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br />
<br />
116.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br />
<br />
117.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br />
<br />
118.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br />
<br />
119.<br />
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br />
<br />
120.<br />
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br />
<br />
121.<br />
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br />
<br />
122.<br />
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br />
<br />
123.<br />
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br />
<br />
124.<br />
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br />
<br />
125.<br />
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br />
<br />
126.<br />
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)<br />
<br />
127.<br />
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br />
<br />
128.<br />
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br />
<br />
129.<br />
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br />
<br />
130.<br />
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br />
<br />
131.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br />
<br />
132.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br />
<br />
133.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br />
<br />
134.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br />
<br />
135.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br />
<br />
136.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br />
<br />
137.<br />
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
138.<br />
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)<br />
<br />
139.<br />
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)<br />
<br />
140.<br />
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br />
<br />
141.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br />
<br />
142.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)<br />
<br />
143.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br />
<br />
144.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br />
<br />
145.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br />
<br />
146.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br />
<br />
147.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br />
<br />
148.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)<br />
<br />
149.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br />
<br />
150.<br />
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br />
<br />
151.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br />
<br />
152.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)<br />
<br />
153.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)<br />
<br />
154.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)<br />
<br />
155.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca<br />
<br />
156.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)<br />
<br />
157.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)<br />
<br />
158.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)<br />
<br />
159.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br />
<br />
160.<br />
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br />
<br />
161.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br />
<br />
162.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br />
<br />
163.<br />
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br />
<br />
164.<br />
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br />
<br />
165.<br />
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)<br />
<br />
166.<br />
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br />
<br />
167.<br />
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br />
<br />
168.<br />
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)<br />
<br />
169.<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)<br />
<br />
170.<br />
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br />
<br />
171.<br />
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)<br />
<br />
172.<br />
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br />
<br />
173.<br />
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br />
<br />
174.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)<br />
<br />
175.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br />
<br />
176.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）<br />
<br />
177.<br />
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br />
<br />
178.<br />
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br />
<br />
179.<br />
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)<br />
<br />
180.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)<br />
<br />
181.<br />
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br />
<br />
182.<br />
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br />
<br />
183.<br />
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br />
<br />
184.<br />
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)<br />
<br />
185.<br />
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br />
<br />
186.<br />
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)<br />
<br />
187.<br />
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br />
<br />
188.<br />
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)<br />
<br />
189.<br />
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)<br />
<br />
190.<br />
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br />
<br />
191.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）<br />
<br />
192.<br />
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br />
<br />
193.<br />
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
194.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)<br />
<br />
195.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）<br />
<br />
196.<br />
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）<br />
<br />
197.<br />
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)<br />
<br />
198.<br />
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）<br />
<br />
199.<br />
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br />
<br />
200.<br />
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)<br />
<br />
201.<br />
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)<br />
<br />
202.<br />
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)<br />
<br />
203.<br />
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）<br />
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki> <br />
204.<br />
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)<br />
<br />
205.<br />
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br />
<br />
206.<br />
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br />
<br />
207.<br />
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）<br />
<br />
208.<br />
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)<br />
<br />
209.<br />
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br />
<br />
210.<br />
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br />
<br />
211.<br />
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)<br />
<br />
212.<br />
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)<br />
<br />
213.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）<br />
<br />
214.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br />
<br />
215.<br />
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br />
<br />
216.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）<br />
<br />
217.<br />
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br />
<br />
218.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br />
<br />
219.<br />
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)<br />
<br />
220.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br />
<br />
221.<br />
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br />
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)<br />
<br />
222.<br />
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br />
<br />
223.<br />
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br />
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan<br />
224.<br />
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）<br />
<br />
225.<br />
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）<br />
<br />
226.<br />
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br />
<br />
227.<br />
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)<br />
<br />
228.<br />
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)<br />
<br />
229.<br />
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)<br />
<br />
230.<br />
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br />
<br />
231.<br />
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）<br />
<br />
232.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br />
<br />
233.<br />
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br />
<br />
234.<br />
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br />
<br />
235.<br />
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）<br />
<br />
236.<br />
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br />
<br />
237.<br />
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br />
<br />
238.<br />
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)<br />
<br />
239.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)<br />
<br />
240.<br />
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）<br />
<br />
241.<br />
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）<br />
<br />
242.<br />
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br />
<br />
243.<br />
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)<br />
<br />
244.<br />
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)<br />
<br />
245.<br />
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)<br />
<br />
246.<br />
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)<br />
<br />
247.<br />
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)<br />
<br />
248.<br />
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br />
<br />
249.<br />
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）<br />
<br />
250.<br />
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)<br />
<br />
251.<br />
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）<br />
<br />
252.<br />
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)<br />
<br />
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=<br />
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024<br />
<br />
1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)<br />
<br />
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)<br />
<br />
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)<br />
<br />
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)<br />
<br />
5. Animals: Chinese Cats 动物：中国猫 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br />
<br />
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)<br />
<br />
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）<br />
<br />
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)<br />
<br />
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)<br />
<br />
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)<br />
<br />
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）<br />
<br />
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）<br />
<br />
13.Xiang Embroidery湘绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary<br />
<br />
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）<br />
<br />
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）<br />
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].<br />
<br />
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=<br />
<br />
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.<br />
<br />
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Homework: <br />
<br />
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.<br />
<br />
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.<br />
<br />
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).</div>Li Jiahttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&diff=161705Chinese Language and Culture 20242024-09-04T13:53:19Z<p>Li Jia: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */</p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024<br />
<br />
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.<br />
<br />
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=<br />
*Yu Yi<br />
*Memo<br />
*Guo Zibin<br />
*Binbin<br />
*Glen<br />
*Liu Li<br />
*Liu Zhuofan<br />
*Drovan<br />
*Wu Ziyi<br />
*Andrew<br />
*Wang Xuan <br />
*Cynthia<br />
*Wang Yan<br />
*Doris<br />
*Wu Jing<br />
*Jennie<br />
*Huang Qi<br />
*Esther<br />
*Xiao Feiyan<br />
*He Chuwen<br />
*Lyra<br />
*Shu Lin<br />
*Shirleen<br />
*Tang Yuewei<br />
*Eavan<br />
*Jiao Mengting<br />
*Sherry<br />
*Le Yuxuan<br />
*Lydia<br />
*Wu Jiaying<br />
*Cathy <br />
*Zhao Jing<br />
*Winnie<br />
*Jiang Yaping<br />
*Sunny<br />
Li Jia<br />
Zoe<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16<br />
<br />
2.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21<br />
<br />
3.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28<br />
<br />
4.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37<br />
<br />
5.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46<br />
<br />
6.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60<br />
<br />
7.<br />
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68<br />
<br />
8.<br />
Architecture ....................................................................... 75<br />
<br />
9.<br />
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84<br />
<br />
10.<br />
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97<br />
<br />
11.<br />
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107<br />
<br />
12.<br />
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118<br />
<br />
13.<br />
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125<br />
<br />
14.<br />
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138<br />
<br />
15.<br />
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147<br />
<br />
16.<br />
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155<br />
<br />
17.<br />
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162<br />
<br />
18.<br />
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169<br />
<br />
19.<br />
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178<br />
<br />
20.<br />
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186<br />
<br />
21.<br />
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193<br />
<br />
22.<br />
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198<br />
<br />
23.<br />
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207<br />
<br />
24.<br />
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211<br />
<br />
25.<br />
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance<br />
6<br />
......................................................................................... 217<br />
<br />
26.<br />
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223<br />
<br />
27.<br />
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232<br />
<br />
28.<br />
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238<br />
<br />
29.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247<br />
<br />
30.<br />
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260<br />
<br />
31.<br />
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267<br />
<br />
32.<br />
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275<br />
<br />
33.<br />
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285<br />
<br />
34.<br />
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293<br />
<br />
35.<br />
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307<br />
<br />
36.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315<br />
<br />
37.<br />
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322<br />
<br />
38.<br />
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332<br />
<br />
39.<br />
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343<br />
<br />
40.<br />
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353<br />
<br />
41.<br />
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367<br />
<br />
42.<br />
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376<br />
<br />
43.<br />
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386<br />
<br />
44.<br />
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393<br />
<br />
45.<br />
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409<br />
<br />
46.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418<br />
<br />
47.<br />
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423<br />
<br />
48.<br />
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429<br />
<br />
49.<br />
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436<br />
7<br />
<br />
50.<br />
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439<br />
<br />
51.<br />
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445<br />
<br />
52.<br />
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452<br />
<br />
53.<br />
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480<br />
<br />
54.<br />
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486<br />
<br />
55.<br />
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493<br />
<br />
56.<br />
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500<br />
<br />
57.<br />
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509<br />
<br />
58.<br />
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521<br />
<br />
59.<br />
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525<br />
<br />
60.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534<br />
<br />
61.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545<br />
<br />
62.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555<br />
<br />
63.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563<br />
<br />
64.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576<br />
<br />
65.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591<br />
<br />
66.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604<br />
<br />
67.<br />
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610<br />
<br />
68.<br />
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616<br />
<br />
69.<br />
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626<br />
<br />
70.<br />
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635<br />
<br />
71.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646<br />
<br />
72.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653<br />
<br />
73.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664<br />
<br />
74.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671<br />
<br />
75.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient<br />
8<br />
China<br />
................................................................................ 680<br />
<br />
76.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689<br />
<br />
77.<br />
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711<br />
<br />
78.<br />
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727<br />
<br />
79.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734<br />
<br />
80.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741<br />
<br />
81.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747<br />
<br />
82.<br />
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755<br />
<br />
83.<br />
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783<br />
<br />
84.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792<br />
<br />
85.<br />
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800<br />
<br />
86.<br />
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807<br />
<br />
87.<br />
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818<br />
<br />
88.<br />
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823<br />
<br />
89.<br />
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826<br />
<br />
90.<br />
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831<br />
<br />
91.<br />
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842<br />
<br />
92.<br />
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847<br />
<br />
93.<br />
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857<br />
<br />
94.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863<br />
<br />
95.<br />
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868<br />
<br />
96.<br />
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873<br />
<br />
97.<br />
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880<br />
<br />
98.<br />
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority<br />
................................................................ 889<br />
<br />
99.<br />
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896<br />
<br />
100.<br />
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907<br />
<br />
101.<br />
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917<br />
<br />
102.<br />
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928<br />
<br />
103.<br />
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939<br />
<br />
104.<br />
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949<br />
<br />
105.<br />
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958<br />
<br />
106.<br />
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969<br />
<br />
107.<br />
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976<br />
<br />
108.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984<br />
<br />
109.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992<br />
<br />
110.<br />
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999<br />
<br />
111.<br />
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004<br />
<br />
112.<br />
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012<br />
<br />
113.<br />
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023<br />
<br />
114.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032<br />
<br />
115.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037<br />
<br />
116.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043<br />
<br />
117.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049<br />
<br />
118.<br />
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060<br />
<br />
119.<br />
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070<br />
<br />
120.<br />
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082<br />
<br />
121.<br />
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096<br />
<br />
122.<br />
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110<br />
<br />
123.<br />
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115<br />
<br />
124.<br />
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121<br />
<br />
125.<br />
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125<br />
<br />
126.<br />
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130<br />
<br />
127.<br />
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154<br />
<br />
128.<br />
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162<br />
<br />
129.<br />
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171<br />
<br />
130.<br />
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191<br />
<br />
131.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206<br />
<br />
132.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211<br />
<br />
133.<br />
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217<br />
<br />
134.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224<br />
<br />
135.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229<br />
<br />
136.<br />
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233<br />
<br />
137.<br />
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241<br />
<br />
138.<br />
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249<br />
<br />
139.<br />
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257<br />
<br />
140.<br />
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264<br />
<br />
141.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272<br />
<br />
142.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280<br />
<br />
143.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294<br />
<br />
144.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298<br />
<br />
145.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302<br />
<br />
146.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315<br />
<br />
147.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329<br />
<br />
148.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336<br />
<br />
149.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344<br />
<br />
150.<br />
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349<br />
<br />
151.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362<br />
<br />
152.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376<br />
<br />
153.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381<br />
<br />
154.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398<br />
<br />
155.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404<br />
<br />
156.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414<br />
<br />
157.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423<br />
<br />
158.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430<br />
<br />
159.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436<br />
<br />
160.<br />
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440<br />
<br />
161.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447<br />
<br />
162.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459<br />
<br />
163.<br />
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465<br />
<br />
164.<br />
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471<br />
<br />
165.<br />
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479<br />
<br />
166.<br />
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489<br />
<br />
167.<br />
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493<br />
<br />
168.<br />
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502<br />
<br />
169.<br />
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513<br />
<br />
170.<br />
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521<br />
<br />
171.<br />
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531<br />
<br />
172.<br />
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541<br />
<br />
173.<br />
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548<br />
<br />
174.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561<br />
<br />
175.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572<br />
<br />
176.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581<br />
<br />
177.<br />
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592<br />
<br />
178.<br />
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601<br />
<br />
179.<br />
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608<br />
<br />
180.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615<br />
<br />
181.<br />
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625<br />
<br />
182.<br />
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631<br />
<br />
183.<br />
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639<br />
<br />
184.<br />
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651<br />
<br />
185.<br />
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663<br />
<br />
186.<br />
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670<br />
<br />
187.<br />
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676<br />
<br />
188.<br />
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691<br />
<br />
189.<br />
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697<br />
<br />
190.<br />
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704<br />
<br />
191.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712<br />
<br />
192.<br />
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722<br />
<br />
193.<br />
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729<br />
<br />
194.<br />
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748<br />
<br />
195.<br />
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753<br />
<br />
196.<br />
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765<br />
<br />
197.<br />
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)<br />
<br />
198.<br />
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781<br />
<br />
199.<br />
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788<br />
<br />
200.<br />
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795<br />
<br />
201.<br />
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806<br />
<br />
202.<br />
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827<br />
<br />
203.<br />
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836<br />
<br />
204.<br />
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847<br />
<br />
205.<br />
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863<br />
<br />
206.<br />
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878<br />
<br />
207.<br />
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885<br />
<br />
208.<br />
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898<br />
<br />
209.<br />
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906<br />
<br />
210.<br />
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918<br />
<br />
211.<br />
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926<br />
<br />
212.<br />
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935<br />
<br />
213.<br />
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943<br />
<br />
214.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)<br />
<br />
215.<br />
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962<br />
<br />
216.<br />
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970<br />
<br />
217.<br />
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991<br />
<br />
218.<br />
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997<br />
<br />
219.<br />
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003<br />
<br />
220.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu<br />
221.<br />
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 <br />
....................................................................................... 2019<br />
<br />
222.<br />
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028<br />
<br />
223.<br />
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节<br />
........................................................................... 2041<br />
<br />
224.<br />
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048<br />
<br />
225.<br />
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055<br />
<br />
226.<br />
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063<br />
<br />
227.<br />
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071<br />
<br />
228.<br />
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083<br />
<br />
229.<br />
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 Xiao Feiyan<br />
<br />
230.<br />
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098<br />
<br />
231.<br />
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110<br />
<br />
232.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121<br />
<br />
233.<br />
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131<br />
<br />
234.<br />
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141<br />
<br />
235.<br />
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157<br />
<br />
236.<br />
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166<br />
<br />
237.<br />
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173<br />
<br />
238.<br />
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192<br />
<br />
239.<br />
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204<br />
<br />
240.<br />
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213<br />
<br />
241.<br />
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221<br />
<br />
242.<br />
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230<br />
<br />
243.<br />
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238<br />
<br />
244.<br />
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244<br />
<br />
245.<br />
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253<br />
<br />
246.<br />
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261<br />
<br />
247.<br />
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270<br />
<br />
248.<br />
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278<br />
<br />
249.<br />
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285<br />
<br />
250.<br />
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294<br />
<br />
251.<br />
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302<br />
<br />
252.<br />
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312<br />
<br />
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=</div>Li Jia