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<p>Li Linyao: /* 浴佛 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> <br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。<br /> <br /> 2.泼水活动：...<br /> <br /> 7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> <br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169205 2025-06-19T08:18:52Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* AI statement */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。<br /> <br /> 2.泼水活动：...<br /> <br /> 7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> <br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169203 2025-06-19T08:17:59Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 放高升和水灯 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169201 2025-06-19T08:17:30Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 民间舞蹈表演 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169198 2025-06-19T08:16:51Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 泼水 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169194 2025-06-19T08:15:35Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> <br /> [[File:gaosheng.png]]<br /> <br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Gaosheng.png&diff=169192 2025-06-19T08:14:54Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169191 2025-06-19T08:14:24Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* Folk Dance Performances */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> <br /> [[File:kongquewu.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Kongquewu.jpg&diff=169190 2025-06-19T08:13:07Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169188 2025-06-19T08:12:21Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* Water-Splashing */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> <br /> [[File:poshui.jpg]]<br /> <br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Poshui.jpg&diff=169186 2025-06-19T08:11:10Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169182 2025-06-19T08:09:18Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 三、跨文化视野中的泼水节 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩。泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次,一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169171 2025-06-19T07:07:21Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* AI statement */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩：泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次 一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> <br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> <br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: <br /> <br /> 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> <br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> <br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> <br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> <br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> <br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169163 2025-06-19T06:44:52Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 4.Cultural and Social Significance */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩：泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次 一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169162 2025-06-19T06:42:56Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the love pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares strong similarities with New Year celebrations in many Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and Khmer New Year are also held around mid-April each year and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all center around water as a symbolic medium, expressing meanings of purification, blessing, and prayer.<br /> <br /> However, each country’s celebration also features unique cultural elements. Thailand’s Songkran Festival includes the Brahmanism-influenced “Miss Songkran” parade and is especially famous for its large-scale water fights, where city streets turn into playful battlegrounds. The government also organizes Buddha bathing ceremonies and water-splashing parades. During Myanmar’s Thingyan Festival, women wear the country’s national flower, the padauk, which only blooms once a year for a single day, and every household displays New Year flower pots. In Laos, Pi Mai emphasizes Buddhist karma beliefs through the “thread-tying and chanting” ritual, which binds family spirits together. It also includes the unique worship of the naga river deity in the Mekong River. The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, while preserving religious and folk elements, incorporates distinctive ethnic activities such as &quot;tossing love pouch&quot;, elephant-foot dancing, peacock dancing, and dragon boat racing, forming a complex and complete festive system.<br /> <br /> Despite the differences in local expressions, all of these festivals reflect the purifying function of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and sincere wishes for peace and harmony in the new year. This phenomenon of “shared origin with diverse local expressions” demonstrates how core symbols can merge with indigenous beliefs to form new traditions—maintaining cultural kinship while also affirming regional identity.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩：泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次 一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> love pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=169159 2025-06-19T06:24:57Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 三、跨文化视野中的泼水节 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares a high degree of similarity with New Year celebrations in several Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and the Khmer New Year are typically held in mid-April and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all take water as a central symbol, expressing themes of purification, blessing, and renewal.<br /> In terms of activities, Thailand's Songkran is best known for its large-scale water fights, with city streets turning into battlegrounds of joyful splashing. Government-organized events include Buddha-bathing ceremonies and processions. Myanmar’s Thingyan is marked by grand float parades and traditional dance performances, while still preserving rituals such as dripping water before Buddha statues and gently splashing elders as a sign of respect and well-wishing. In Laos, the New Year festival includes Buddha bathing, sand stupa building, and the floating of water lanterns—customs that closely resemble those in the Dai Water-Splashing Festival, such as “building sand stupas,” “merit water offerings,” and “releasing fire rockets and water lanterns.”<br /> Although local expressions vary, all these festivals highlight the symbolic purification power of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and heartfelt wishes for peace and prosperity in the new year. While preserving its religious and ritualistic functions, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival also incorporates uniquely ethnic folk activities such as “throwing love pouches,” the “Elephant Foot Dance,” the “Peacock Dance,” and dragon boat racing, giving it a more complex and richly layered celebratory structure.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> <br /> 但每个国家的活动内容又有独特的色彩：泰国的宋干节发展出婆罗门教神话色彩浓厚的“宋干美女”巡游，并且泼水狂欢尤其著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸达降节，每个妇女头上都会别着一年一次 一次只有一天按时盛开的国花“紫檀花”，并且家家户户都会插新年花盆；老挝的新年节庆则强化佛教因果观，以拴线诵经仪式凝聚家族魂魄，并独特祭祀湄公河那伽龙神。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。这种“同源异流”现象显示核心符号会与本土信仰结合生成新传统，既维系文化亲缘性，又彰显地域身份认同。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168907 2025-06-17T15:39:56Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* Bathing the Buddha */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> <br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares a high degree of similarity with New Year celebrations in several Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and the Khmer New Year are typically held in mid-April and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all take water as a central symbol, expressing themes of purification, blessing, and renewal.<br /> In terms of activities, Thailand's Songkran is best known for its large-scale water fights, with city streets turning into battlegrounds of joyful splashing. Government-organized events include Buddha-bathing ceremonies and processions. Myanmar’s Thingyan is marked by grand float parades and traditional dance performances, while still preserving rituals such as dripping water before Buddha statues and gently splashing elders as a sign of respect and well-wishing. In Laos, the New Year festival includes Buddha bathing, sand stupa building, and the floating of water lanterns—customs that closely resemble those in the Dai Water-Splashing Festival, such as “building sand stupas,” “merit water offerings,” and “releasing fire rockets and water lanterns.”<br /> Although local expressions vary, all these festivals highlight the symbolic purification power of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and heartfelt wishes for peace and prosperity in the new year. While preserving its religious and ritualistic functions, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival also incorporates uniquely ethnic folk activities such as “throwing love pouches,” the “Elephant Foot Dance,” the “Peacock Dance,” and dragon boat racing, giving it a more complex and richly layered celebratory structure.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> 在活动内容上，泰国的宋干节以泼水狂欢最为著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸的泼水节则以盛大的花车游行和传统舞蹈表演著称，并保留滴水供佛、向长者泼水祝福等传统礼仪；老挝的新年节庆中也包含浴佛、堆沙塔、放水灯等项目，与傣族泼水节中的“堆佛塔”、“滴水回向”、“放高升与水灯”等习俗遥相呼应。<br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显出其更为复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168906 2025-06-17T15:39:00Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 1.Origins and Legend */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares a high degree of similarity with New Year celebrations in several Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and the Khmer New Year are typically held in mid-April and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all take water as a central symbol, expressing themes of purification, blessing, and renewal.<br /> In terms of activities, Thailand's Songkran is best known for its large-scale water fights, with city streets turning into battlegrounds of joyful splashing. Government-organized events include Buddha-bathing ceremonies and processions. Myanmar’s Thingyan is marked by grand float parades and traditional dance performances, while still preserving rituals such as dripping water before Buddha statues and gently splashing elders as a sign of respect and well-wishing. In Laos, the New Year festival includes Buddha bathing, sand stupa building, and the floating of water lanterns—customs that closely resemble those in the Dai Water-Splashing Festival, such as “building sand stupas,” “merit water offerings,” and “releasing fire rockets and water lanterns.”<br /> Although local expressions vary, all these festivals highlight the symbolic purification power of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and heartfelt wishes for peace and prosperity in the new year. While preserving its religious and ritualistic functions, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival also incorporates uniquely ethnic folk activities such as “throwing love pouches,” the “Elephant Foot Dance,” the “Peacock Dance,” and dragon boat racing, giving it a more complex and richly layered celebratory structure.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> 在活动内容上，泰国的宋干节以泼水狂欢最为著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸的泼水节则以盛大的花车游行和传统舞蹈表演著称，并保留滴水供佛、向长者泼水祝福等传统礼仪；老挝的新年节庆中也包含浴佛、堆沙塔、放水灯等项目，与傣族泼水节中的“堆佛塔”、“滴水回向”、“放高升与水灯”等习俗遥相呼应。<br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显出其更为复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168905 2025-06-17T15:37:57Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Zhang Lilin 2014,,40). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.(Zeng Xueying 2021，7-9)<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Wen po(gentle splashing) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while wu po(playful splashing) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully. The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds.<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.(KONGCHAI VILAIHONG 2021，18-20)<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious . The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui 2018,125).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares a high degree of similarity with New Year celebrations in several Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and the Khmer New Year are typically held in mid-April and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all take water as a central symbol, expressing themes of purification, blessing, and renewal.<br /> In terms of activities, Thailand's Songkran is best known for its large-scale water fights, with city streets turning into battlegrounds of joyful splashing. Government-organized events include Buddha-bathing ceremonies and processions. Myanmar’s Thingyan is marked by grand float parades and traditional dance performances, while still preserving rituals such as dripping water before Buddha statues and gently splashing elders as a sign of respect and well-wishing. In Laos, the New Year festival includes Buddha bathing, sand stupa building, and the floating of water lanterns—customs that closely resemble those in the Dai Water-Splashing Festival, such as “building sand stupas,” “merit water offerings,” and “releasing fire rockets and water lanterns.”<br /> Although local expressions vary, all these festivals highlight the symbolic purification power of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and heartfelt wishes for peace and prosperity in the new year. While preserving its religious and ritualistic functions, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival also incorporates uniquely ethnic folk activities such as “throwing love pouches,” the “Elephant Foot Dance,” the “Peacock Dance,” and dragon boat racing, giving it a more complex and richly layered celebratory structure.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan 2025,,100-101).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> wen po(gentle splashing) 文泼<br /> <br /> wu po (playful splashing) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。（张黎临 2014,40）<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。(曾雪莹 2021，7-9)<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。（龚红 2021，18-20）<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征，泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞 2018,125）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> 在活动内容上，泰国的宋干节以泼水狂欢最为著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸的泼水节则以盛大的花车游行和传统舞蹈表演著称，并保留滴水供佛、向长者泼水祝福等传统礼仪；老挝的新年节庆中也包含浴佛、堆沙塔、放水灯等项目，与傣族泼水节中的“堆佛塔”、“滴水回向”、“放高升与水灯”等习俗遥相呼应。<br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显出其更为复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓 2025,100-101）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]Gupta, R. The Cultural Tradition of Water Festival: A Case Study of Songkran Festival in Thailand. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2012,2 (13),100-104.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168897 2025-06-17T12:57:40Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.The Water-Splashing Festival in a Cross-Cultural Perspective''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival shares a high degree of similarity with New Year celebrations in several Southeast Asian countries. In Thailand, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, traditional festivals such as Songkran, Pi Mai, Thingyan, and the Khmer New Year are typically held in mid-April and are regarded as important occasions for bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new one. These festivals all take water as a central symbol, expressing themes of purification, blessing, and renewal.<br /> In terms of activities, Thailand's Songkran is best known for its large-scale water fights, with city streets turning into battlegrounds of joyful splashing. Government-organized events include Buddha-bathing ceremonies and processions. Myanmar’s Thingyan is marked by grand float parades and traditional dance performances, while still preserving rituals such as dripping water before Buddha statues and gently splashing elders as a sign of respect and well-wishing. In Laos, the New Year festival includes Buddha bathing, sand stupa building, and the floating of water lanterns—customs that closely resemble those in the Dai Water-Splashing Festival, such as “building sand stupas,” “merit water offerings,” and “releasing fire rockets and water lanterns.”<br /> Although local expressions vary, all these festivals highlight the symbolic purification power of water, reverence for ancestors and deities, and heartfelt wishes for peace and prosperity in the new year. While preserving its religious and ritualistic functions, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival also incorporates uniquely ethnic folk activities such as “throwing love pouches,” the “Elephant Foot Dance,” the “Peacock Dance,” and dragon boat racing, giving it a more complex and richly layered celebratory structure.<br /> <br /> == '''4.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红 2021，）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、跨文化视野中的泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节与东南亚多个国家的新年庆典具有高度的相似性。在泰国、老挝、缅甸和柬埔寨等地，宋干节、比迈节、达降节和高棉新年等传统节日也多在每年四月中旬举行，被视为辞旧迎新的重要节日。这些节日均以水为核心媒介，表达净化、祝福与祈愿的文化意涵。<br /> 在活动内容上，泰国的宋干节以泼水狂欢最为著名，城市街道成为泼水战场，政府也组织浴佛仪式和泼水巡游；缅甸的泼水节则以盛大的花车游行和传统舞蹈表演著称，并保留滴水供佛、向长者泼水祝福等传统礼仪；老挝的新年节庆中也包含浴佛、堆沙塔、放水灯等项目，与傣族泼水节中的“堆佛塔”、“滴水回向”、“放高升与水灯”等习俗遥相呼应。<br /> 尽管各地表现形式各有差异，但都体现了水的净化功能、对祖先与神佛的敬仰，以及对新年平安和谐的美好祈愿。傣族泼水节在保留宗教与民俗仪式的同时，还融合了诸如“丢包”“象脚舞”“孔雀舞”“赛龙舟”等独具民族特色的民间活动，凸显出其更为复杂而完整的节庆系统。<br /> <br /> == '''四、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，这种文化相似性既反映出古代印度文化圈的影响，也构成了中国与周边国家民间文化交流的重要纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Dai Water-Splashing Festival 傣族泼水节<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000+ word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1)Origins and Legends; (2) Celebratory activities; (3) Cross-cultural comparison with analogous global traditions;(4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168827 2025-06-16T15:07:37Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* AI statement */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000–1500-word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1) What is the festival called in China and abroad? (2) Its historical origin; (3) Celebratory activities; (4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168825 2025-06-16T15:04:58Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* AI statement */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000–1500-word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1) What is the festival called in China and abroad? (2) Its historical origin; (3) Celebratory activities; (4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节).<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terminology table, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.&quot;<br /> <br /> (4)ensure that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168824 2025-06-16T15:00:18Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> <br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000–1500-word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1) What is the festival called in China and abroad? (2) Its historical origin; (3) Celebratory activities; (4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> <br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “二、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> <br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。......<br /> 布施行善和滴水回向<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。.....<br /> <br /> 2.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: &quot;Extract the specific cultural terms from the original text and provide internationally recognized corresponding English translations, which are presented in table form.&quot;<br /> <br /> ChatGPT output：No. English Term Chinese Term<br /> 1 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority 傣族泼水节<br /> 2 Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> 3 Sangkan Bimai 桑堪比迈<br /> 4 Dai New Year 傣历新年<br /> 5 Songkran 宋干节<br /> .....<br /> <br /> After receiving the table, I carefully reviewed each term, kept culturally appropriate transliterations (e.g., Gao Sheng)and modified some terms(e.g., Dai water-splashing festival 傣族泼水节), and ensured that the terminology remained consistent throughout the text.<br /> <br /> 3.Based on the Chinese-English terms, I translated the Chinese text into English. Subsequently, I issued the following prompt to ChatGPT:&quot;Rigorously inspect the English translation against the Chinese source text, adhering to these requirements:<br /> <br /> (1)Ensure strict fidelity to the original Chinese content with fluent expression<br /> <br /> (2)Eliminate grammatical errors and verify absence of mistranslations or omissions<br /> <br /> (3)Conduct paragraph-by-paragraph analysis and provide modification suggestions.&quot;<br /> <br /> According to the suggestions, I modified the English version to form the final version.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168737 2025-06-16T10:01:00Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* AI statement */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> 1.I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000–1500-word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1) What is the festival called in China and abroad? (2) Its historical origin; (3) Celebratory activities; (4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”<br /> I found the following problems with the outcome: The articles generated by ChatGPT are too simple and contain formatting issues.For example:<br /> “三、泼水节的活动<br /> 泼水节期间，傣族人民会举行丰富多彩的庆祝活动，主要包括：<br /> 1.浴佛仪式：节日的第一天，傣族人民会前往佛寺，用清水为佛像洗尘，祈求神灵保佑新的一年平安顺利。2.泼水活动：...7.丢包游戏：未婚男女通过抛接花包表达爱意，是青年人寻觅爱情的传统方式。”<br /> I have adjusted the output by the following measures ：Firstly,I revised prompt as: &quot;Please help me refine the part on festival activities with more precise language and clearer explanation for foreign readers. Avoid emotional or literary tone.&quot; Secondly,I conducted a thorough review of the draft regenerated by ChatGPT and subsequently revised and supplemented it based on my own reading of other scholars' papers.Written the following passage new: 三、</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168689 2025-06-15T14:35:36Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==<br /> To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ChatGPT<br /> I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: “Please help me write a 1000–1500-word Chinese article introducing the Dai Water-Splashing Festival. The article should include four parts: (1) What is the festival called in China and abroad? (2) Its historical origin; (3) Celebratory activities; (4) Cultural significance. Please follow facts strictly and avoid fictional descriptions.”</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168669 2025-06-15T09:18:03Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> Li Linyao<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answers''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> 李琳瑶<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> == '''AI statement''' ==</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168654 2025-06-15T07:05:07Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns. To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answer''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） [[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42..（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22)：40-42..）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09)：124-126.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02)：97-101.）[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-MqFohpeOX8cq6roBnoxf2qeflo3UjOpC7-I1kAu5SA9mQguiaGNZuUTsfxmHnIhcfgb58hUUTt-KiV1BxRvb2SPFoJYNzBlP9BtpfIDWGmlKco497yyqgJn11FwfbtV8zNmU0cl4NFzAh7PAU7x7P-yozD9ekTXA=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9454WSlky_fFaBgXUdBiEyzIA_Ilw3R-VEZBSOuI7caMVn3en4VWYDRdVSqTMa3oDjEm1dc_Fh4OKglgG3GufzPvCA2fXlWB-vJqFQBQiM-6BQnk7kR3Xzaj2PKHiLJvB_M5x-_4VnvZ_FVahBChscZ1wR_KSDwok=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL9r9LpwfUQCvdK4VmAE7mU-pwj2zBF4yOXS9H3a2jcS_TLL7SKyOC2VtCXEefMXg34-goX-eqgCLGbrl88shIxniJPXvF4THnVDVszIwlzWrQVql00J6iit6RpYT2E3XDypO7PHA7Fh2lTMSwQR8apdiz4EgiODL-g=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）：40-42.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-ckVj0ycUQ5AfNatpoTTiOBAxxYxiQrXm0vC4kQeqlBolRLY5IFsv4aVWP3btqNlzewpjw5iByWo3Pgo0OgnEXpLbIw8Ij64_zvqg0_yi0Rk9iqFq2Kxe6T6_E_JdMv7eFX-3ygLY_Dlmax3nwXz8VOCzlT72hz_4=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）：124-126.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-uXEzbAxNimLVC2_C-QRjo0y_BFapqjeUFxNr8dA7wYxFDEcnaVrFAfhSG5ZtJn-tqMdot4IpiasRZA4YpvZGJWV7GTf4bazXwHO59TPQScG40-PVw9sN9z7kPmmx616-JynZUJwWm1i5aQD0OMXAeYqXQz_Shymk=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168652 2025-06-15T06:48:03Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''Answer''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.It is called Sangkan Bimai, which means “New Year.”<br /> <br /> 2.It lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> <br /> 3.Main activities include water-splashing, sand pagoda building, love-pouch tossing, dragon boat racing, Bathing the Buddha, releasing Gao Sheng and floating lanterns, and almsgiving and water dedication.<br /> <br /> 4.Because it reflects the religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs of the Dai people, and serves as an important means of preserving ethnic culture.<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> <br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> <br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> <br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> == '''答案''' ==<br /> 1.桑堪比迈，意为“新年”。<br /> <br /> 2.三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> <br /> 3.泼水、堆佛塔、丢包、赛龙舟、浴佛、放高升和水灯、布施行善等。<br /> <br /> 4.它集中体现傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术、饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> <br /> [2]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> <br /> [3]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> <br /> [4]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> <br /> [5]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> <br /> [6]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）：97-101.[[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=gPdQxwyUTL-Pl9T6HKbmFwB0oLTygUoxnxjB3LatW-CCeaLuOqANDPVq8lP3IfVBVyrRc5xDjGAmN5wy-n3iT-_iRysnaEYdlgoV3OLp2PP_algso_J8m_KqzP2MY6c0YxPdenp5duA3nRcXG5Qh6CuqodU9zswsYCpt_uv5dnc=&amp;uniplatform=NZKPT]]</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=168285 2025-06-06T08:00:11Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> ===Almsgiving and Water Dedication===<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> ===Water-Splashing===<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> ===Sand Pagoda Building===<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> ===Love-Pouch Tossing===<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> ===Dragon Boat Racing===<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> ===Folk Dance Performances===<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> ===Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns===<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> ===Bathing the Buddha===<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> <br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> <br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> <br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> <br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> <br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> <br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> <br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> ===布施行善和滴水回向===<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> ===泼水===<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> ===堆佛塔===<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> ===丢包活动===<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> ===赛龙舟===<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> ===民间舞蹈表演===<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> ===放高升和水灯===<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> ===浴佛===<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> <br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> <br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> <br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> <br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> <br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> <br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> <br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> <br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> <br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> <br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> <br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> <br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> <br /> river deities 河神<br /> <br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> <br /> scented water 香水<br /> <br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> <br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> <br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> <br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> <br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> <br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> <br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> <br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> <br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> <br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167772 2025-06-05T09:53:40Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> = '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' =<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> == '''1.Origins and Legend''' ==<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> == '''2.Festive Activities''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> == '''3.Cultural and Social Significance''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> == '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''Questions''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> == '''References''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> = '''傣族泼水节''' =<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> == '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> == '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动''' ==<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；然后，长者会取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> == '''三、傣族泼水节的意义''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> == '''术语表达''' ==<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> == '''问题''' ==<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> == '''参考文献''' ==<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167734 2025-06-05T09:29:20Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year.<br /> <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> <br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> <br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> <br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> '''References'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> <br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说''' <br /> <br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> <br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> <br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> <br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> <br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167711 2025-06-05T09:18:09Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> '''References'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167702 2025-06-05T09:15:29Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> <br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival.From elderly people in their seventies or eighties to children as young as seven or eight, everyone dresses in festive attire and gathers in the village square to participate in group dancing. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> '''References'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，打着花伞，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> <br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> <br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> <br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> <br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167691 2025-06-05T09:13:14Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* Dai Water-Splashing Festival */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. The participants are divided by gender, standing about 20 to 30 meters apart. If a boy fails to catch the sachet thrown by a girl, he must place a flower—prepared in advance—into her hair. Conversely, if a girl fails to catch a sachet tossed by a boy, she must pin the flower to his chest. Once mutual interest is established, a sweet and romantic relationship begins. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> <br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> <br /> '''References'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> <br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，打着花伞，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=167686 2025-06-05T09:10:15Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 傣族泼水节 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> '''References'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，梳妆打扮，打着花伞，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。男女分两侧，相隔二三十米。小伙子要是接不住姑娘丢来的花包，就得把事先准备好的鲜花插在姑娘的发髻上；如果姑娘没有接住小伙子丢来的花包，就得把鲜花插到小伙子的胸前，这样选中对方后，一段甜蜜浪漫的爱情就开始了。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。上至七八十岁的老人，下至七八岁的孩童，届时都会着盛装聚集在村中的广场，参加集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> <br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> <br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166834 2025-05-25T06:08:52Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> '''References'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.（Kongchai Vilaihong. A Comparative Study on the Festival Culture of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival in China and the Water-Splashing Festival in Laos [D]. Harbin Normal University, 2021.）<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.（Yan Feng. &quot;The Dai New Year and Agricultural Myths&quot; [A]. In: Institute of Ethnic Literature, Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences (Ed.). Collected Essays on Ethnic Literature, Volume III [C]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1988.）<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.（ Yang Xinxin. A Comparative Study of the Customs of the Water-Splashing Festival in China and Myanmar [D]. Yunnan University, 2011.） <br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.（Zeng Xueying. Research on Ethnic Cultural Memory of the Dai People in Yunnan — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival in Xishuangbanna [D]. Southwest University, 2021.）<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.（Zhang Lilin. “Three Keywords of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna: New Year, Water Splashing, and Bathing the Buddha”[J]. Popular Literature and Art, 2014(22).）<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.（Xiong Rui. “An Analysis of the Cultural Connotation of the Dai Water-Splashing Festival” [J]. Martial Arts Research, 2018, 3(09).）<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.（Jin Lanlan. “Research on Traditional Festivals from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology — A Case Study of the Water-Splashing Festival of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna”[J]. Border Economy and Culture, 2025(02).）<br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，打扮整齐，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学,2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3（09）.<br /> [7]金斓斓.文化人类学视角下传统节日研究——以西双版纳傣族“泼水节”为例[J].边疆经济与文化,2025（02）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166833 2025-05-25T03:37:40Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (KONGCHAI VILAIHONG, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''Questions'''<br /> 1.What is the Dai Water-Splashing Festival called in the Dai language, and what does it mean?<br /> 2.How many days does the Water-Splashing Festival last, and what does each day represent?<br /> 3.What are some of the celebratory activities during the Dai Water-Splashing Festival? Please list at least three and explain their significance.<br /> 4.Why was the Dai Water-Splashing Festival listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?<br /> 5.What positive impact does the Water-Splashing Festival have on modern society and international cultural exchange?<br /> '''References'''<br /> [1]<br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，打扮整齐，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''问题'''<br /> 1.傣族泼水节在傣语中傣语中被称为什么？它的含义是什么？<br /> 2.傣族泼水节总共持续几天？每一天分别代表什么？<br /> 3.泼水节有哪些庆祝活动？请至少列举三项并说出其意义。<br /> 4.傣族泼水节为何被列入国家级非物质文化遗产？<br /> 5.傣族泼水节对现代社会和国际交流有何积极作用？<br /> '''参考文献'''<br /> [1]龚红（KONGCHAI VILAIHONG）.中国傣族泼水节与老挝泼水节节日文化比较研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学，2021.<br /> [2]岩峰.傣族新年与农耕神话[A].云南省社会科学院民族文学研究所编.民族文学研究集刊第三辑[C].昆明:云南人民出版社,1988.<br /> [3]杨新新.中国与缅甸泼水节习俗比较研究[D].云南大学，2011.<br /> [4]曾雪莹.云南傣族民族文化记忆研究 ——以西双版纳傣族泼水节为例[D].西南大学,2021.<br /> [5]张黎临.西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014（22）.<br /> [6]熊瑞.傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究，2018,3（09）.</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166816 2025-05-24T11:24:08Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>--[[User:Liu Shutian|Liu Shutian]] ([[User talk:Liu Shutian|talk]]) 05:14, 24 May 2025 (UTC)Final Exam Paper Titles<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Toast-urging ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 中国守艺人 The keepers of Tradition: China's Heritage Guardians<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 广东新会陈皮 Guangdong Xinhui dried tangerine peel ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Fireworks ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br /> 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#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 傣族泼水节 Dai Water-Splashing Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 赣东北特色腌制食品 Northeastern Jiangxi Specialty Fermented food<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 秧歌 Yangko<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Five-colored Under Glaze made in Liling<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai<br /> 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#http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yunxi 禅宗 Zen Buddhism<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jiaxin 腊八节 Laba Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fei_Xinyu 中医：气血津液理论与养生保健 TCM -Qi and Blood Theory and Health Preservation<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chang 朝鲜族象帽舞 Xiangmao Dance of the Korean Ethnic Group<br /> #Zhao Yashi 扬琴 Classical Instrument: Dulcimer<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yawen 醴陵瓷器 Liling porcelain<br /> #http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Yuan2 吴桥杂技 Wuqiao Acrobatics<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Cili 热干面 Hot Dry Noodles<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Zihan 豆豉 Fermented Soya Beans<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Tianyi 汨罗长乐故事会 Changle Taige Storytelling Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:She_Xiao 文房四宝 Four Treasures of the Study<br /> 99.#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yichun 汤显祖 Tangxianzu<br /> 100.#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shen_Shuai 咏春拳 Wing Chun Kung Fu<br /> 101.#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Sihui 中国皮影戏 Chinese Shadow Puppetry</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166815 2025-05-24T11:22:09Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* 傣族泼水节 */</p> <hr /> <div><br /> <br /> == '''Dai Water-Splashing Festival''' ==<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival, also known as the “Buddha Bathing Festival,” is the Dai people’s most important traditional celebration in China. In the Dai language, it is called Sangkan Bimai, meaning “New Year,” and is thus referred to as the Dai New Year. The festival is usually held in mid-April according to the Gregorian calendar. Similar New Year celebrations, known as Songkran in Thailand, Pi Mai in Laos, Chaul Chnam Thmey in Cambodia, and Thingyan in Myanmar, are also observed across Southeast Asia. These names derive from the Sanskrit word saṃkrānti, meaning “the sun’s movement,” symbolizing the sun’s entry into Aries, the first sign of the zodiac, and marking the start of the New Year. <br /> '''1.Origins and Legend'''<br /> The festival traces its roots to ancient Brahmanic rituals in India, later integrated into Buddhism. By the late 12th to early 13th century, it spread to the Dai communities in Yunnan, China, via Myanmar (Gong Hong, 2021). Over time, it evolved into a unique cultural celebration blending Buddhist traditions with Dai customs.<br /> A widely known legend explains the festival’s origins: A celestial deity responsible for seasons disrupted the natural order by altering the calendar, causing chaos—summer frost, winter droughts, and widespread suffering. His seven daughters (or wives) discovered his fatal weakness: a single strand of his hair could sever his neck. While he slept, they used the hair to behead him. His fallen head ignited a catastrophic fire. To extinguish the flames, the seven women took turns holding the head, each guarding it for a year. During their annual rotation, they cleansed themselves with water to wash away blood and burns (Yan Feng, 1988). To honor their bravery, the Dai people celebrate by splashing water, symbolizing purification from misfortune and welcoming prosperity.<br /> '''2.Festive Activities'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival lasts three to four days. The first day is called Mai Day, similar to Chinese New Year's Eve, and is known in the Dai language as Wan Daoshanghan, meaning “Farewell to the Old Year.” The second day is Wan Nao, which belongs neither to the old year nor the new year—it is a transitional day. The third day is New Year’s Day, called Mai Payawanma, and the fourth day, Bawangma, marks the true beginning of the new year. This day is considered the most auspicious and joyful of all.<br /> '''Almsgiving and Water Dedication'''<br /> Before the festival, the Dai prepare food and offerings, which they take to Buddhist temples on the first morning for almsgiving. Elders lead the prayers, placing small Buddha statues, lighting incense and candles, chanting scriptures, and performing a ritual of water dedication (libation) to honor ancestors and pray for peace and blessings.<br /> '''Water-Splashing'''<br /> The main water-splashing activities begin on the first afternoon. Villagers mix clean water with flower petals and bay leaves, then splash it on one another using bowls, basins, or bamboo tubes. Gentle splashing (wen po) is used to express respect and good wishes to elders, while more playful splashing (wu po) is common among peers, who chase and splash each other joyfully (Yang Xinxin, 2011). The act of splashing water symbolizes washing away misfortune and welcoming happiness.<br /> '''Sand Pagoda Building'''<br /> On the first day, people build small pagodas with fine sand or plastic bottles, decorating them with bamboo branches and flowers. They then gather around the pagodas, listen to scriptures, and pour water as a gesture of making merit and performing good deeds (Zeng Xueying, 2022).<br /> '''Love-Pouch Tossing'''<br /> One of the festival’s unique traditions is the flower pouch tossing game, where unmarried young people seek love. Girls sew embroidered pouches representing affection, dress beautifully, and toss them at boys they fancy in designated areas. This event reflects traditional Dai courtship customs.<br /> '''Dragon Boat Racing'''<br /> During the festival, dragon boat races are held on rivers like the Lancang River and the Ruili River. People dress in traditional attire to watch the races. The boats are brightly decorated, and the festive scene is filled with the sounds of drums and cheering.<br /> '''Folk Dance Performances'''<br /> Folk dances such as the Elephant Foot Dance and Peacock Dance are important collective dances during the festival. The Elephant Foot Dance emphasizes rhythm and strength, while the Peacock Dance highlights graceful movements—both reflect the aesthetic sensibilities and dance traditions of the Dai people.<br /> '''Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) and Floating Water Lanterns'''<br /> At night, people release gao sheng (lit.“high ascension”) and floating water lanterns to pray for blessings. Gao sheng are traditional homemade fire rockets made from bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder. When ignited, they launch into the sky with a loud explosion, symbolizing rising fortunes, career advancement, and success in the coming year. Floating water lanterns, crafted from banana leaves, flowers, and candles, are gently placed on rivers to honor river deities and convey wishes for peace and prosperity.<br /> '''Bathing the Buddha'''<br /> The Bathing the Buddha ritual usually takes place on the third day. People gather at water-splashing pavilions or temples, where elders bring out Buddha statues and place them on platforms or in dragon-head basins. Participants take turns pouring scented or clean water over the statues to purify body and mind and to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Water often flows from the mouths of dragon-head fountains, referencing a Buddhist legend in which the Dragon King bathed the infant Buddha with scented water—symbolizing peace and good fortune for the coming year.<br /> In Dai culture, water is regarded as sacred and auspicious (Zhang Lilin, 2014). The festival’s water rituals reflect deep reverence for water and a longing for a better life (Xiong Rui, 2018).<br /> '''3.Cultural and Social Significance'''<br /> The Dai Water-Splashing Festival is not only a major occasion for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, but also holds profound cultural and social significance. As the most representative traditional festival of the Dai people, it embodies their religious beliefs, folk arts, and dietary customs, serving as an important vehicle for preserving and transmitting ethnic culture.<br /> In 2006, the Dai Water-Splashing Festival—nominated by Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province—was inscribed on the first batch of China’s National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, affirming its importance in the Chinese cultural tradition.<br /> During the festival, people from various ethnic groups join the celebrations, promoting interethnic communication and cultural identity. The festival showcases strong social cohesion and a spirit of unity. Moreover, it attracts large numbers of domestic and international tourists, boosting tourism and service industries in regions like Xishuangbanna and playing a positive role in local economic development. The Water-Splashing Festival is also widely celebrated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, making it a vital cultural link between China and its neighboring nations and fostering mutual cultural understanding and exchange (Jin Lanlan, 2025).<br /> '''Terms and Expressions'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''Questions'''<br /> <br /> <br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 傣族泼水节为期三到四天。第一天为“麦日”，类似于农历除夕，傣语叫“宛多尚罕”，意思是送旧。第二天为空日，傣语叫“腕脑”，他不属于旧的一年，也不属于新的一年，而是旧年与新年之间的日子。第三天是元旦，叫“麦帕雅晚玛”；第四天是新年，叫“霸王马”，作为岁首，人们把这一天视为最美好，最吉祥的日子。<br /> '''布施行善和滴水回向'''<br /> 节前，傣族人民会准备食物和祭品，在泼水节第一天早上带至寺庙布施；长者取出小佛像、点香燃烛，带领众人诵经、滴水回向，以祭奠先人、祈福平安。<br /> '''泼水'''<br /> 泼水在节日第一天下午正式开始。村民将清水与花瓣、月桂叶混合后，用碗、盆或竹筒互相泼洒：对长辈以轻柔的“文泼”表达敬意与祝福，对同龄人用更为活跃的“武泼”方式嬉戏追逐。（杨新新，2011）泼水象征洗去晦气、迎接幸福。<br /> '''堆佛塔'''<br /> 堆佛塔活动一般在第一天举行。傣族人民会用细沙或塑料瓶堆建小佛塔，上面插竹枝和鲜花，然后围在小佛塔旁，一边听经文，一边滴水祈福，体现积德行善的愿望。(曾雪莹，2021)<br /> '''丢包活动'''<br /> “丢包”是节日活动中的一大特色，是傣族未婚男女寻觅另一半的舞台。女子会缝制代表爱情的花包，打扮整齐，在指定场地向心仪对象投掷花包。丢包活动承载着傣族人民传统的婚恋习俗。<br /> '''赛龙舟'''<br /> 泼水节期间，澜沧江、瑞丽江等地常举行龙舟比赛。傣族人民盛装观赛，龙舟披彩装饰，现场鼓声喧天，氛围热烈。<br /> '''民间舞蹈表演'''<br /> 象脚舞与孔雀舞是节日期间的重要集体舞蹈。象脚舞注重节奏感与力量，孔雀舞则展现优雅姿态，反映傣族的审美特征与舞蹈传统。<br /> '''放高升和水灯'''<br /> 泼水节的夜晚，傣族人民会放高升和水灯来祈福。高升是一种由竹筒装填火药制成的“土火箭”，点燃后伴随着响声腾空直上，寓意着新的一年一飞冲天、步步高升。水灯则由芭蕉叶、鲜花、蜡烛制成，点燃后置于河中漂流，用以祭祀河神，寄托祝福。<br /> '''浴佛'''<br /> 浴佛通常在第三天举行，傣族人民聚集在村中泼水亭前或佛寺内，长者从寺庙中请出佛像，摆放于龙口或专用小台上。众人依次用香水或清水冲洗佛像，象征净化身心、辞旧迎新。水流常借助龙口喷出，寓意“龙王以香水沐浴太子”的佛教典故，祈求新年平安吉祥。<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''三、傣族泼水节的意义'''<br /> 泼水节不仅是傣族人民辞旧迎新的重要节日，更蕴含着深远的文化与社会意义。作为傣族最具代表性的传统节日之一，泼水节集中体现了傣族的宗教信仰、民间艺术和饮食习俗，是民族文化传承的重要载体。2006年，由云南省西双版纳傣族自治州申报的傣族泼水节被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确认了其在中国传统文化中的重要地位。<br /> 节日期间，各族人民共同参与庆祝活动，不仅弘扬了民族文化，也增进了民族之间的交流与认同，展现出强烈的社会凝聚力和团结精神。同时，泼水节吸引了大量国内外游客前来体验和参与，带动了西双版纳等地的旅游业和相关服务产业的发展，对促进地方经济起到了积极的推动作用。此外，泼水节在泰国、老挝、缅甸等东南亚国家也广泛流行，成为联系中国与周边国家的重要文化纽带，促进了国际间的文化交流与理解。（金斓斓，2025）<br /> '''术语表达'''<br /> Buddha Bathing Festival 浴佛节<br /> Brahmanic rituals 婆罗门教仪式<br /> zodiac 黄道十二宫<br /> almsgiving 布施行善<br /> Buddha statue 佛像<br /> bay leaves 月桂叶<br /> gentle splashing (wen po) 文泼<br /> playful splashing (wu po) 武泼<br /> flower pouch 花包<br /> Lancang River 澜沧江<br /> Ruili River 瑞丽江 <br /> Elephant Foot Dance 象脚舞<br /> Peacock Dance 孔雀舞<br /> Gao Sheng (Fire Rockets) 高升（土火箭）<br /> river deities 河神<br /> water-splashing pavilions 泼水亭<br /> scented water 香水<br /> National Intangible Cultural Heritage List 国家级非物质文化遗产名录<br /> '''问题'''</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166802 2025-05-23T15:29:38Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div><br /> == '''傣族泼水节''' ==<br /> <br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行，持续三至四天。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166801 2025-05-23T14:18:55Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>'''傣族泼水节'''<br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行，持续三至四天。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> '''一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说'''<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水相互泼洒，洗净血污和灼痕。（岩峰，1988）为了纪念这七位勇敢的女子，傣族人民每年都会举行泼水节，相互泼水，象征洗去过去一年的晦气，迎接新年的幸福和吉祥。<br /> '''二、傣族泼水节的节庆活动'''<br /> 在傣族文化中，水被视为圣洁、美好的象征（张黎临，2014），泼水节的庆祝活动体现了人们对水的崇敬和对美好生活的向往。（熊瑞，2018）<br /> '''浴佛与泼水仪式'''<br /> “浴佛”和“泼水”是泼水节的核心活动。</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Li_Linyao&diff=166797 2025-05-23T12:41:41Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>'''傣族泼水节'''<br /> 泼水节，又称“浴佛节”，是中国傣族最盛大的传统节日，傣语称为“桑堪比迈”，意为“新年”，因此也被称为傣历新年。节日通常在公历四月中旬举行，持续三至四天。在泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、老挝等国家，泼水节同样被视为新年庆典，分别被称为“宋干节”、“比迈节”、“高棉新年”和“达降节”。这些名称多源自梵语“saṃkrānti”，意为“太阳运行”，象征着太阳进入黄道十二宫的第一宫白羊宫，标志着新一年的开始。<br /> 一、傣族泼水节的起源和传说<br /> 泼水节起源于古印度的婆罗门教仪式，后被佛教吸收，并在12世纪末至13世纪初经由缅甸传入中国云南傣族地区。（龚红，2021）随着佛教在傣族地区的传播，泼水节逐渐演变为具有民族特色的传统节日。<br /> 关于泼水节的传说在傣族地区广为流传。很久以前，执掌季节的天神因私改历法，导致人间寒暑颠倒、灾害频发、百姓苦不堪言。他的七个女儿（一说妻子）巧妙套出他的致命弱点，趁其熟睡之际，拔下他的一根头发，将他脖子勒断。天神的头颅落地，血液漫流竟然引起熊熊大火。为了扑灭火焰，七女轮换怀抱头颅，每人坚守一年。每年交接时，她们以清水</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166789 2025-05-23T11:33:30Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Toast-urging ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 中国守艺人 The keepers of Tradition: China's Heritage Guardians<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 广东新会陈皮 Guangdong Xinhui dried tangerine peel ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Fireworks ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞 折扇 Folding Fan<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 安徽名酒—古井贡酒 Famous Anhui Liquor-Gujing Tribute Liquor<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼：冠礼和笄礼 Traditional Chinese coming-of-age ceremony：Guan Li and Ji Li ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Etiquette:Offering Hada(Khata) Scarf<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 傣族泼水节 Water Splashing Festival of the Dai Ethnic Minority<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 赣东北特色腌制食品 Northeastern Jiangxi Specialty Fermented food<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 秧歌 Yangko<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Five-colored Under Glaze made in Liling<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Jingfang 傩文化 Nuo culture<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mingfeng 编钟 Chinese Ancient Instrument:Bianzhong<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Ting 湘西泡菜 Xiangxi Kimchi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Wei 桃源擂茶 Taoyuan Lei Cha<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jiahong2 闽南红砖古厝 Southern Fujian Red Brick Ancient Houses<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Huaixing 长白山 Mount Changbai<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiang_Jianning 马面裙 Horse face skirt<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Qi 动画片：《虹猫蓝兔七侠传》 Chinese wuxia animation: Howie &amp; Landau Seven Chivalrous Biography<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Zixi 叶子戏 Yezi Xi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shao_Keyuan 殷墟 The Yin Ruins<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dong_Jiating 麻辣烫 Malatang<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ouyang_Yihong 辣条 Spicy Gluten Strips<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Wei 蛋炒饭 Egg-fried Rice<br /> #Xing Xueqing 桃花源 The Peach Garden<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xinyu 赣南客家围屋 Hakka Tulou in Southern Jiangxi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yuan_Xiaolin 新中式 new Chinese style clothes<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chu_Hanqi 翠兰 Cui Lan（a kind of tea)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiating 瓦罐汤 Clay Pot <br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Xinyue 灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Xinwen 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Pei 南岳衡山 Mount Heng<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Zixin 恋与深空 Love and Deepspace<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Shutian 旗袍 Cheongsam<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jiayi 哈尔滨啤酒 Harbin Beer<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qi Zhiyang 漆扇 Lacquer Fan<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Sisi 永州石雕 Yongzhou Stone Carving<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User: Yan_Xiang 阜阳美食-格拉条 Fuyang Cuisine-Gelatiao<br /> #http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zuo_Fang 四羊方尊 Four-ram Square Zun( cultural artifact)<br /> #http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yunxi 禅宗 Zen Buddhism<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jiaxin 腊八节 Laba Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fei_Xinyu 中医：气血津液理论与养生保健 TCM -Qi and Blood Theory and Health Preservation<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chang 朝鲜族象帽舞 Xiangmao Dance of the Korean Ethnic Group<br /> #Zhao Yashi 扬琴 Classical Instrument: Dulcimer<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yawen 醴陵瓷器 Liling porcelain<br /> #http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Yuan2 吴桥杂技 Wuqiao Acrobatics<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Cili 热干面 Hot Dry Noodles<br /> Cai_Yichun 汤显祖 Tangxianzu</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166551 2025-05-09T07:05:09Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Drinking Persuasion Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 傩戏 Nuo Opera ok, but check if not yet in the textbook<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 陈皮 Dried Orange Peel ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Flower ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞 Oil-paper Umbrellas no, this is already in the text book 折扇 Folding Fan<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 禅文化 Zen Culture （Chan Culture）Please check. I think it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 花鼓戏 flower-drum opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok, but please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼：冠礼和笄礼 Traditional Chinese coming-of-age ceremony：Guan Li and Ji Li ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Tibetan Etiquette:Offering Hada(Khata)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 泼水节 Water-Splashing Festival<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 江西地方端午节传统习俗 Local Dragon Boat Festival traditions of Jiangxi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 秧歌 Yangko<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166542 2025-05-09T06:50:57Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Drinking Persuasion Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 傩戏 Nuo Opera ok, but check if not yet in the textbook<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 陈皮 Dried Orange Peel ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Flower ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞 Oil-paper Umbrellas no, this is already in the text book<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 禅文化 Zen Culture （Chan Culture）Please check. I think it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 花鼓戏 flower-drum opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok, but please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼：冠礼和笄礼 Traditional Chinese coming-of-age ceremony：Guan Li and Ji Li ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Tibetan Etiquette:Offering Hada(Khata)<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 咏春 Wing Chun<br /> 47. Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi<br /> #https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 泼水节 The Water-Splashing Festival</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=166483 2025-05-05T13:32:36Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br /> <br /> ==What we learn in this class==<br /> *We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br /> *We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br /> *We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br /> *We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br /> *We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br /> *We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br /> <br /> ==Students' contribution==<br /> *Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br /> *Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br /> *For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with &quot;Terms and Expressions&quot;, References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br /> <br /> ==Textbook==<br /> You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br /> <br /> ==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br /> Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Homework for every session==<br /> Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br /> <br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Homework for Session 2==<br /> Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way &quot;Wang Jianguo&quot;, type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password &quot;wikicaptcha&quot;. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here (&quot;Teacher presentation&quot;). <br /> <br /> Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br /> <br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br /> <br /> 2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br /> <br /> 3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br /> <br /> 4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br /> <br /> 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br /> <br /> 6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br /> <br /> 7. Animals: Panda 71 <br /> <br /> 8. Architecture 78<br /> <br /> 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br /> <br /> 10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br /> <br /> 11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br /> <br /> 12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br /> <br /> 13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br /> <br /> 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br /> <br /> 15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br /> <br /> 16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br /> <br /> 17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br /> <br /> 18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br /> <br /> 19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br /> <br /> 20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br /> <br /> 21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br /> <br /> 22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br /> <br /> 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br /> <br /> 24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br /> <br /> 25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br /> <br /> 26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br /> <br /> 28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br /> <br /> 29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br /> <br /> 31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br /> <br /> 32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br /> <br /> 33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br /> <br /> 34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br /> <br /> 35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br /> <br /> 36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br /> <br /> 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br /> <br /> 38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br /> <br /> 39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br /> <br /> 40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br /> <br /> 41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br /> <br /> 42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br /> <br /> 43. Facial Make-up 406<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br /> <br /> 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br /> <br /> 46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br /> <br /> 47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br /> <br /> 48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br /> <br /> 49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br /> <br /> 54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br /> <br /> 56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br /> <br /> 57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br /> <br /> 58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br /> <br /> 59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br /> <br /> 60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br /> <br /> 61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br /> <br /> 62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br /> <br /> 63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br /> <br /> 64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br /> <br /> 65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br /> <br /> 66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br /> <br /> 67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br /> <br /> 68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br /> <br /> 69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br /> <br /> 70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br /> <br /> 71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br /> <br /> 72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br /> <br /> 73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br /> <br /> 74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br /> <br /> 75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br /> <br /> 77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br /> <br /> 78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br /> <br /> 79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br /> <br /> 80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br /> <br /> 81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br /> <br /> 82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br /> <br /> 83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br /> <br /> 84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br /> <br /> 86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br /> <br /> 87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br /> <br /> 88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br /> <br /> 89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br /> <br /> 90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br /> <br /> 91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br /> <br /> 92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br /> <br /> 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br /> <br /> 94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br /> <br /> 95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br /> <br /> 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br /> <br /> 97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br /> <br /> 98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br /> <br /> 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br /> <br /> 100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br /> <br /> 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br /> <br /> 102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br /> <br /> 103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br /> <br /> 105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br /> <br /> 106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br /> <br /> 107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br /> <br /> 108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br /> <br /> 109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br /> <br /> 110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)<br /> <br /> 111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br /> <br /> 112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br /> <br /> 113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br /> <br /> 114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br /> <br /> 115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br /> <br /> 116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br /> <br /> 117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br /> <br /> 118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br /> <br /> 119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br /> <br /> 120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br /> <br /> 121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br /> <br /> 122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br /> <br /> 123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br /> <br /> 124. Religion: Islam 1181<br /> <br /> 125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br /> <br /> 126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br /> <br /> 127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br /> <br /> 128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br /> <br /> 129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br /> <br /> 130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br /> <br /> 131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br /> <br /> 132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br /> <br /> 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> 134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br /> <br /> 135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br /> <br /> 136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br /> <br /> 137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br /> <br /> 138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br /> <br /> 139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br /> <br /> 140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br /> <br /> 141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br /> <br /> 142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br /> <br /> 143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br /> <br /> 144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br /> <br /> 145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br /> <br /> 146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br /> <br /> 147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br /> <br /> 148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br /> <br /> 149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br /> <br /> 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br /> <br /> 151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br /> <br /> 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br /> <br /> 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br /> <br /> 154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br /> <br /> 155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br /> <br /> <br /> 156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br /> <br /> 157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br /> <br /> 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br /> <br /> 159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br /> <br /> 160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br /> <br /> 161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br /> <br /> 162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br /> <br /> 163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br /> <br /> 164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br /> <br /> 165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)<br /> <br /> 166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br /> <br /> 167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br /> <br /> 168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br /> <br /> 169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)<br /> <br /> 170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br /> <br /> 171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br /> <br /> 172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br /> <br /> 173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br /> <br /> 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br /> <br /> 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br /> <br /> 176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br /> <br /> 177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br /> <br /> 178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br /> <br /> 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)<br /> <br /> 180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br /> <br /> 181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> <br /> 182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br /> <br /> 183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）<br /> <br /> 184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br /> <br /> 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> <br /> 186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br /> <br /> 187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br /> <br /> 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)<br /> <br /> 189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790<br /> <br /> 190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br /> <br /> 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> <br /> 192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br /> <br /> 193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> <br /> 194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br /> <br /> 195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br /> <br /> 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br /> <br /> 198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br /> <br /> 199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br /> <br /> 200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br /> <br /> 201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br /> <br /> 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br /> <br /> 204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> <br /> 205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br /> <br /> 206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br /> <br /> 207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br /> <br /> 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)<br /> <br /> 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br /> <br /> 210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br /> <br /> 211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br /> <br /> 212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)<br /> <br /> 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br /> <br /> 214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br /> <br /> 215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br /> <br /> 216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br /> <br /> 217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br /> <br /> 218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> <br /> 219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> <br /> 220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br /> <br /> 221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br /> <br /> 222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br /> <br /> 223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br /> <br /> 224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br /> <br /> 225. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br /> <br /> 226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br /> <br /> 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br /> <br /> 228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br /> <br /> 229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br /> <br /> 230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br /> <br /> 231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)<br /> <br /> 232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br /> <br /> 233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br /> <br /> 234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br /> <br /> 235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br /> <br /> 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> 237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br /> <br /> 238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br /> <br /> 239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br /> <br /> 240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br /> <br /> 241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br /> <br /> 242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br /> <br /> 243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br /> <br /> 244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br /> <br /> 245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br /> <br /> 246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br /> <br /> 247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br /> <br /> 248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br /> <br /> 249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br /> <br /> 250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br /> <br /> 251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br /> <br /> 252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br /> <br /> 253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br /> <br /> 254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br /> <br /> 255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br /> <br /> 256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br /> <br /> 257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br /> <br /> 258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845<br /> <br /> 259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> <br /> <br /> 260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br /> <br /> 261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br /> <br /> 262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br /> <br /> 263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br /> <br /> 264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br /> <br /> 265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br /> <br /> 266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br /> <br /> 267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br /> <br /> 268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br /> <br /> 269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br /> <br /> 270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br /> <br /> 271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）<br /> <br /> 272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）<br /> <br /> 273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br /> <br /> 274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 <br /> <br /> 275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br /> <br /> 276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br /> 277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br /> <br /> 278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br /> <br /> 279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br /> <br /> 280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br /> <br /> 281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br /> <br /> 282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br /> <br /> 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br /> <br /> =Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Topics for today==<br /> Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br /> <br /> You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br /> <br /> Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under &quot;Session 2&quot; with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> Topic 7<br /> <br /> Topic 8<br /> <br /> Topic 9<br /> <br /> Topic 10<br /> <br /> =Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Presentations==<br /> 1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br /> <br /> 2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes on presentations==<br /> Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br /> <br /> 1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. &quot;Black tea&quot; (in English all &quot;hong cha&quot; is called &quot;black tea&quot;), British tea culture (add milk)<br /> <br /> 2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br /> <br /> 3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br /> <br /> 4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br /> <br /> 5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br /> <br /> 6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br /> <br /> 7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br /> <br /> ==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br /> <br /> <br /> 75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin<br /> # Jin Yichen <br /> # lu jiahui <br /> # li yuan<br /> # cao yuan<br /> # xiao luyu<br /> # zhang jiaxin +5<br /> # ye sitong<br /> # zhao yashi<br /> # jiang xinyue<br /> # yan xiang<br /> # fei xinyu <br /> # zhang qi<br /> # dai shiru<br /> # zhang zixi<br /> # zheng kaiwu<br /> # cai yichun<br /> # yang jing<br /> # liao dan<br /> # luo yan<br /> # qin yi<br /> # shao keyuan<br /> # cao chunyang<br /> # xu yangyang<br /> # liao zuoyun<br /> # cheng sixiang<br /> # du jiangping<br /> # liu qi<br /> # miao yunlong<br /> # huang qiaoqiao<br /> # chen lin<br /> # duan binyao<br /> # li ting<br /> # zeng zhi<br /> # xing xueqing<br /> # luo jingyan<br /> # liu shutian<br /> # gao xiaoqing<br /> # chen zhen<br /> # luo guoqiang -1-1<br /> # she xiao <br /> # he yunfeng <br /> # liu ying<br /> # du yuan <br /> # li jiayi <br /> # tao yao <br /> # xu xinwen <br /> # ou huang <br /> # liu peini<br /> # jiang ziqiang<br /> # zhang huifang<br /> # liu chao<br /> # liu yunxi <br /> # luo jiaxin<br /> # li mei<br /> # zeng xiaohui<br /> # huang yixuan<br /> # chen anqi<br /> # chen ting<br /> # zhang mai<br /> # yuan xiaolin -1-1<br /> # li mingfeng<br /> # dai yexun-1<br /> # yang pei -1<br /> # tang yan<br /> # xiang jianning-1<br /> # liu chang -1<br /> # wang yuxin<br /> # lv jiahao-1<br /> # dong jiating<br /> # lu wei<br /> # yang yue<br /> # guo cili<br /> # shen shuai<br /> # Ouyang yihong<br /> # li zihan -1<br /> # zuo fang<br /> # fu sihui<br /> # xiao zixin -1<br /> # zhou tianyi -1<br /> # qi zhiyang -1<br /> # liu pei <br /> # gong wei<br /> # chen sisi<br /> # huang sinan<br /> # xiao yikang<br /> # yu jingfang<br /> # luo sicheng<br /> # yang jiahong<br /> # yan jidong<br /> # xiao yawen<br /> # geng hongmei<br /> # zhou le<br /> # qiu ping<br /> # wang huaixing<br /> # wang xinyu<br /> # chu hanqi<br /> # wu jiating<br /> # zhang meiling<br /> # liu jianan<br /> # song xin<br /> # zhao qi<br /> # zheng jinlian<br /> # li linyao<br /> <br /> =Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> =Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]<br /> <br /> =Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> #Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）<br /> #Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> #Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> #Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 清明节4月4日——4月6日<br /> =Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）<br /> #Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> #Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> #Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)<br /> #Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)<br /> #Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)<br /> #Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> #Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> #Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei)<br /> #Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)<br /> #Topic 225: Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)<br /> #Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling)<br /> #Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)<br /> #Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)<br /> #Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)<br /> #Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> ==Please enroll in ai platform==<br /> Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br /> =Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:<br /> ----10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)<br /> #Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)<br /> #Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]] <br /> #Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)<br /> #Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)<br /> <br /> =Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang)<br /> #Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)<br /> #Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)<br /> #Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting)<br /> #Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)<br /> #Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)<br /> #Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)<br /> #Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> #Topic 261: The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (Cai Yichun)<br /> <br /> =Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> =Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan<br /> 端午节5月31日——6月2日<br /> <br /> =Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br /> Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=166482 2025-05-05T13:31:27Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br /> <br /> ==What we learn in this class==<br /> *We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br /> *We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br /> *We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br /> *We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br /> *We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br /> *We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br /> <br /> ==Students' contribution==<br /> *Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br /> *Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br /> *For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with &quot;Terms and Expressions&quot;, References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br /> <br /> ==Textbook==<br /> You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br /> <br /> ==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br /> Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Homework for every session==<br /> Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br /> <br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Homework for Session 2==<br /> Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way &quot;Wang Jianguo&quot;, type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password &quot;wikicaptcha&quot;. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here (&quot;Teacher presentation&quot;). <br /> <br /> Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br /> <br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br /> <br /> 2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br /> <br /> 3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br /> <br /> 4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br /> <br /> 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br /> <br /> 6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br /> <br /> 7. Animals: Panda 71 <br /> <br /> 8. Architecture 78<br /> <br /> 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br /> <br /> 10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br /> <br /> 11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br /> <br /> 12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br /> <br /> 13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br /> <br /> 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br /> <br /> 15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br /> <br /> 16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br /> <br /> 17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br /> <br /> 18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br /> <br /> 19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br /> <br /> 20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br /> <br /> 21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br /> <br /> 22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br /> <br /> 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br /> <br /> 24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br /> <br /> 25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br /> <br /> 26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br /> <br /> 28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br /> <br /> 29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br /> <br /> 31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br /> <br /> 32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br /> <br /> 33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br /> <br /> 34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br /> <br /> 35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br /> <br /> 36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br /> <br /> 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br /> <br /> 38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br /> <br /> 39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br /> <br /> 40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br /> <br /> 41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br /> <br /> 42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br /> <br /> 43. Facial Make-up 406<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br /> <br /> 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br /> <br /> 46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br /> <br /> 47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br /> <br /> 48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br /> <br /> 49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br /> <br /> 54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br /> <br /> 56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br /> <br /> 57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br /> <br /> 58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br /> <br /> 59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br /> <br /> 60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br /> <br /> 61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br /> <br /> 62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br /> <br /> 63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br /> <br /> 64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br /> <br /> 65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br /> <br /> 66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br /> <br /> 67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br /> <br /> 68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br /> <br /> 69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br /> <br /> 70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br /> <br /> 71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br /> <br /> 72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br /> <br /> 73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br /> <br /> 74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br /> <br /> 75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br /> <br /> 77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br /> <br /> 78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br /> <br /> 79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br /> <br /> 80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br /> <br /> 81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br /> <br /> 82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br /> <br /> 83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br /> <br /> 84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br /> <br /> 86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br /> <br /> 87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br /> <br /> 88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br /> <br /> 89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br /> <br /> 90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br /> <br /> 91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br /> <br /> 92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br /> <br /> 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br /> <br /> 94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br /> <br /> 95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br /> <br /> 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br /> <br /> 97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br /> <br /> 98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br /> <br /> 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br /> <br /> 100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br /> <br /> 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br /> <br /> 102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br /> <br /> 103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br /> <br /> 105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br /> <br /> 106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br /> <br /> 107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br /> <br /> 108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br /> <br /> 109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br /> <br /> 110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)<br /> <br /> 111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br /> <br /> 112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br /> <br /> 113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br /> <br /> 114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br /> <br /> 115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br /> <br /> 116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br /> <br /> 117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br /> <br /> 118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br /> <br /> 119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br /> <br /> 120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br /> <br /> 121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br /> <br /> 122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br /> <br /> 123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br /> <br /> 124. Religion: Islam 1181<br /> <br /> 125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br /> <br /> 126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br /> <br /> 127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br /> <br /> 128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br /> <br /> 129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br /> <br /> 130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br /> <br /> 131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br /> <br /> 132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br /> <br /> 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> 134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br /> <br /> 135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br /> <br /> 136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br /> <br /> 137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br /> <br /> 138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br /> <br /> 139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br /> <br /> 140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br /> <br /> 141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br /> <br /> 142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br /> <br /> 143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br /> <br /> 144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br /> <br /> 145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br /> <br /> 146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br /> <br /> 147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br /> <br /> 148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br /> <br /> 149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br /> <br /> 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br /> <br /> 151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br /> <br /> 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br /> <br /> 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br /> <br /> 154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br /> <br /> 155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br /> <br /> <br /> 156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br /> <br /> 157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br /> <br /> 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br /> <br /> 159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br /> <br /> 160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br /> <br /> 161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br /> <br /> 162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br /> <br /> 163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br /> <br /> 164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br /> <br /> 165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)<br /> <br /> 166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br /> <br /> 167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br /> <br /> 168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br /> <br /> 169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)<br /> <br /> 170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br /> <br /> 171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br /> <br /> 172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br /> <br /> 173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br /> <br /> 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br /> <br /> 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br /> <br /> 176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br /> <br /> 177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br /> <br /> 178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br /> <br /> 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)<br /> <br /> 180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br /> <br /> 181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> <br /> 182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br /> <br /> 183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）<br /> <br /> 184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br /> <br /> 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> <br /> 186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br /> <br /> 187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br /> <br /> 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)<br /> <br /> 189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790<br /> <br /> 190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br /> <br /> 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> <br /> 192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br /> <br /> 193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> <br /> 194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br /> <br /> 195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br /> <br /> 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br /> <br /> 198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br /> <br /> 199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br /> <br /> 200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br /> <br /> 201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br /> <br /> 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br /> <br /> 204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> <br /> 205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br /> <br /> 206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br /> <br /> 207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br /> <br /> 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)<br /> <br /> 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br /> <br /> 210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br /> <br /> 211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br /> <br /> 212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)<br /> <br /> 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br /> <br /> 214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br /> <br /> 215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br /> <br /> 216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br /> <br /> 217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br /> <br /> 218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> <br /> 219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> <br /> 220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br /> <br /> 221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br /> <br /> 222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br /> <br /> 223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br /> <br /> 224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br /> <br /> 225. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br /> <br /> 226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br /> <br /> 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br /> <br /> 228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br /> <br /> 229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br /> <br /> 230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br /> <br /> 231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)<br /> <br /> 232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br /> <br /> 233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br /> <br /> 234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br /> <br /> 235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br /> <br /> 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> 237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br /> <br /> 238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br /> <br /> 239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br /> <br /> 240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br /> <br /> 241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br /> <br /> 242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br /> <br /> 243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br /> <br /> 244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br /> <br /> 245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br /> <br /> 246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br /> <br /> 247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br /> <br /> 248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br /> <br /> 249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br /> <br /> 250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br /> <br /> 251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br /> <br /> 252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br /> <br /> 253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br /> <br /> 254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br /> <br /> 255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br /> <br /> 256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br /> <br /> 257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br /> <br /> 258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845<br /> <br /> 259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> <br /> <br /> 260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br /> <br /> 261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br /> <br /> 262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br /> <br /> 263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br /> <br /> 264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br /> <br /> 265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br /> <br /> 266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br /> <br /> 267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br /> <br /> 268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br /> <br /> 269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br /> <br /> 270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br /> <br /> 271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）<br /> <br /> 272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）<br /> <br /> 273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br /> <br /> 274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 <br /> <br /> 275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br /> <br /> 276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br /> 277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br /> <br /> 278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br /> <br /> 279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br /> <br /> 280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br /> <br /> 281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br /> <br /> 282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br /> <br /> 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br /> <br /> =Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Topics for today==<br /> Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br /> <br /> You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br /> <br /> Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under &quot;Session 2&quot; with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> Topic 7<br /> <br /> Topic 8<br /> <br /> Topic 9<br /> <br /> Topic 10<br /> <br /> =Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Presentations==<br /> 1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br /> <br /> 2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes on presentations==<br /> Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br /> <br /> 1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. &quot;Black tea&quot; (in English all &quot;hong cha&quot; is called &quot;black tea&quot;), British tea culture (add milk)<br /> <br /> 2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br /> <br /> 3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br /> <br /> 4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br /> <br /> 5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br /> <br /> 6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br /> <br /> 7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br /> <br /> ==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br /> <br /> <br /> 75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin<br /> # Jin Yichen <br /> # lu jiahui <br /> # li yuan<br /> # cao yuan<br /> # xiao luyu<br /> # zhang jiaxin +5<br /> # ye sitong<br /> # zhao yashi<br /> # jiang xinyue<br /> # yan xiang<br /> # fei xinyu <br /> # zhang qi<br /> # dai shiru<br /> # zhang zixi<br /> # zheng kaiwu<br /> # cai yichun<br /> # yang jing<br /> # liao dan<br /> # luo yan<br /> # qin yi<br /> # shao keyuan<br /> # cao chunyang<br /> # xu yangyang<br /> # liao zuoyun<br /> # cheng sixiang<br /> # du jiangping<br /> # liu qi<br /> # miao yunlong<br /> # huang qiaoqiao<br /> # chen lin<br /> # duan binyao<br /> # li ting<br /> # zeng zhi<br /> # xing xueqing<br /> # luo jingyan<br /> # liu shutian<br /> # gao xiaoqing<br /> # chen zhen<br /> # luo guoqiang -1-1<br /> # she xiao <br /> # he yunfeng <br /> # liu ying<br /> # du yuan <br /> # li jiayi <br /> # tao yao <br /> # xu xinwen <br /> # ou huang <br /> # liu peini<br /> # jiang ziqiang<br /> # zhang huifang<br /> # liu chao<br /> # liu yunxi <br /> # luo jiaxin<br /> # li mei<br /> # zeng xiaohui<br /> # huang yixuan<br /> # chen anqi<br /> # chen ting<br /> # zhang mai<br /> # yuan xiaolin -1-1<br /> # li mingfeng<br /> # dai yexun-1<br /> # yang pei -1<br /> # tang yan<br /> # xiang jianning-1<br /> # liu chang -1<br /> # wang yuxin<br /> # lv jiahao-1<br /> # dong jiating<br /> # lu wei<br /> # yang yue<br /> # guo cili<br /> # shen shuai<br /> # Ouyang yihong<br /> # li zihan -1<br /> # zuo fang<br /> # fu sihui<br /> # xiao zixin -1<br /> # zhou tianyi -1<br /> # qi zhiyang -1<br /> # liu pei <br /> # gong wei<br /> # chen sisi<br /> # huang sinan<br /> # xiao yikang<br /> # yu jingfang<br /> # luo sicheng<br /> # yang jiahong<br /> # yan jidong<br /> # xiao yawen<br /> # geng hongmei<br /> # zhou le<br /> # qiu ping<br /> # wang huaixing<br /> # wang xinyu<br /> # chu hanqi<br /> # wu jiating<br /> # zhang meiling<br /> # liu jianan<br /> # song xin<br /> # zhao qi<br /> # zheng jinlian<br /> # li linyao<br /> <br /> =Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> =Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]<br /> <br /> =Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> #Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）<br /> #Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> #Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> #Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 清明节4月4日——4月6日<br /> =Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）<br /> #Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> #Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> #Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)<br /> #Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)<br /> #Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)<br /> #Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> #Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> #Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei)<br /> #Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)<br /> #Topic 225: Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)<br /> #Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling)<br /> #Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)<br /> #Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)<br /> #Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)<br /> #Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> ==Please enroll in ai platform==<br /> Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br /> =Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:<br /> ----10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)<br /> #Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)<br /> #Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]] <br /> #Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx.ogg]]<br /> #Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)<br /> #Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)<br /> <br /> =Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang)<br /> #Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)<br /> #Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)<br /> #Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting)<br /> #Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)<br /> #Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)<br /> #Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)<br /> #Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> #Topic 261: The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (Cai Yichun)<br /> <br /> =Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> =Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan<br /> 端午节5月31日——6月2日<br /> <br /> =Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br /> Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=166481 2025-05-05T13:29:00Z

<p>Li Linyao: /* HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */</p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br /> <br /> =Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br /> <br /> ==What we learn in this class==<br /> *We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br /> *We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br /> *We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br /> *We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br /> *We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br /> *We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br /> *We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br /> <br /> ==Students' contribution==<br /> *Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br /> *Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br /> *For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with &quot;Terms and Expressions&quot;, References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br /> <br /> ==Textbook==<br /> You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br /> <br /> ==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br /> Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> ==Homework for every session==<br /> Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br /> <br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Homework for Session 2==<br /> Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way &quot;Wang Jianguo&quot;, type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password &quot;wikicaptcha&quot;. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here (&quot;Teacher presentation&quot;). <br /> <br /> Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br /> <br /> 1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br /> <br /> 2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br /> <br /> 3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br /> <br /> 4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br /> <br /> 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br /> <br /> 6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br /> <br /> 7. Animals: Panda 71 <br /> <br /> 8. Architecture 78<br /> <br /> 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br /> <br /> 10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br /> <br /> 11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br /> <br /> 12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br /> <br /> 13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br /> <br /> 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br /> <br /> 15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br /> <br /> 16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br /> <br /> 17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br /> <br /> 18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br /> <br /> 19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br /> <br /> 20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br /> <br /> 21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br /> <br /> 22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br /> <br /> 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br /> <br /> 24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br /> <br /> 25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br /> <br /> 26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br /> <br /> 28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br /> <br /> 29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br /> <br /> 30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br /> <br /> 31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br /> <br /> 32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br /> <br /> 33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br /> <br /> 34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br /> <br /> 35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br /> <br /> 36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br /> <br /> 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br /> <br /> 38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br /> <br /> 39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br /> <br /> 40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br /> <br /> 41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br /> <br /> 42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br /> <br /> 43. Facial Make-up 406<br /> <br /> 44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br /> <br /> 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br /> <br /> 46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br /> <br /> 47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br /> <br /> 48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br /> <br /> 49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br /> <br /> 50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）<br /> <br /> 51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br /> <br /> 53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br /> <br /> 54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br /> <br /> 56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br /> <br /> 57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br /> <br /> 58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br /> <br /> 59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br /> <br /> 60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br /> <br /> 61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br /> <br /> 62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br /> <br /> 63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br /> <br /> 64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br /> <br /> 65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br /> <br /> 66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br /> <br /> 67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br /> <br /> 68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br /> <br /> 69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br /> <br /> 70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br /> <br /> 71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br /> <br /> 72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br /> <br /> 73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br /> <br /> 74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br /> <br /> 75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br /> <br /> 77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br /> <br /> 78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br /> <br /> 79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br /> <br /> 80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br /> <br /> 81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br /> <br /> 82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br /> <br /> 83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br /> <br /> 84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br /> <br /> 86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br /> <br /> 87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br /> <br /> 88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br /> <br /> 89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br /> <br /> 90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br /> <br /> 91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br /> <br /> 92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br /> <br /> 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br /> <br /> 94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br /> <br /> 95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br /> <br /> 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br /> <br /> 97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br /> <br /> 98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br /> <br /> 99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br /> <br /> 100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br /> <br /> 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br /> <br /> 102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br /> <br /> 103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br /> <br /> 104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br /> <br /> 105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br /> <br /> 106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br /> <br /> 107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br /> <br /> 108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br /> <br /> 109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br /> <br /> 110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)<br /> <br /> 111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br /> <br /> 112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br /> <br /> 113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br /> <br /> 114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br /> <br /> 115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br /> <br /> 116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br /> <br /> 117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br /> <br /> 118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br /> <br /> 119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br /> <br /> 120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br /> <br /> 121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br /> <br /> 122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br /> <br /> 123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br /> <br /> 124. Religion: Islam 1181<br /> <br /> 125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br /> <br /> 126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br /> <br /> 127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br /> <br /> 128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br /> <br /> 129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br /> <br /> 130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br /> <br /> 131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br /> <br /> 132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br /> <br /> 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> 134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br /> <br /> 135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br /> <br /> 136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br /> <br /> 137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br /> <br /> 138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br /> <br /> 139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br /> <br /> 140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br /> <br /> 141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br /> <br /> 142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br /> <br /> 143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br /> <br /> 144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br /> <br /> 145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br /> <br /> 146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br /> <br /> 147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br /> <br /> 148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br /> <br /> 149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br /> <br /> 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br /> <br /> 151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br /> <br /> 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br /> <br /> 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br /> <br /> 154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br /> <br /> 155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br /> <br /> <br /> 156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br /> <br /> 157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br /> <br /> 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br /> <br /> 159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br /> <br /> 160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br /> <br /> 161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br /> <br /> 162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br /> <br /> 163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br /> <br /> 164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br /> <br /> 165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)<br /> <br /> 166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br /> <br /> 167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br /> <br /> 168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br /> <br /> 169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)<br /> <br /> 170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br /> <br /> 171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br /> <br /> 172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br /> <br /> 173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br /> <br /> 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br /> <br /> 175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br /> <br /> 176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br /> <br /> 177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br /> <br /> 178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br /> <br /> 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)<br /> <br /> 180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br /> <br /> 181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> <br /> 182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br /> <br /> 183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）<br /> <br /> 184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br /> <br /> 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> <br /> 186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br /> <br /> 187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br /> <br /> 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)<br /> <br /> 189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790<br /> <br /> 190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br /> <br /> 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> <br /> 192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br /> <br /> 193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> <br /> 194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br /> <br /> 195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br /> <br /> 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br /> <br /> 198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br /> <br /> 199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br /> <br /> 200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br /> <br /> 201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br /> <br /> 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br /> <br /> 204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> <br /> 205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br /> <br /> 206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br /> <br /> 207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br /> <br /> 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)<br /> <br /> 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br /> <br /> 210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br /> <br /> 211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br /> <br /> 212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)<br /> <br /> 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br /> <br /> 214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br /> <br /> 215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br /> <br /> 216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br /> <br /> 217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br /> <br /> 218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> <br /> 219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> <br /> 220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br /> <br /> 221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br /> <br /> 222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br /> <br /> 223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br /> <br /> 224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br /> <br /> 225. &quot;Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br /> <br /> 226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br /> <br /> 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br /> <br /> 228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br /> <br /> 229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br /> <br /> 230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br /> <br /> 231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)<br /> <br /> 232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br /> <br /> 233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br /> <br /> 234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br /> <br /> 235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br /> <br /> 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> 237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br /> <br /> 238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br /> <br /> 239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br /> <br /> 240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br /> <br /> 241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br /> <br /> 242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br /> <br /> 243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br /> <br /> 244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br /> <br /> 245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br /> <br /> 246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br /> <br /> 247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br /> <br /> 248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br /> <br /> 249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br /> <br /> 250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br /> <br /> 251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br /> <br /> 252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br /> <br /> 253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br /> <br /> 254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br /> <br /> 255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br /> <br /> 256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br /> <br /> 257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br /> <br /> 258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845<br /> <br /> 259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> <br /> <br /> 260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br /> <br /> 261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br /> <br /> 262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br /> <br /> 263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br /> <br /> 264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br /> <br /> 265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br /> <br /> 266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br /> <br /> 267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br /> <br /> 268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br /> <br /> 269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br /> <br /> 270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br /> <br /> 271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）<br /> <br /> 272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）<br /> <br /> 273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br /> <br /> 274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 <br /> <br /> 275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br /> <br /> 276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br /> 277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br /> <br /> 278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br /> <br /> 279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br /> <br /> 280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br /> <br /> 281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br /> <br /> 282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br /> <br /> 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br /> <br /> =Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br /> [[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> ==Topics for today==<br /> Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br /> <br /> You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br /> <br /> Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under &quot;Session 2&quot; with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br /> <br /> 27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br /> <br /> Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br /> <br /> Topic 7<br /> <br /> Topic 8<br /> <br /> Topic 9<br /> <br /> Topic 10<br /> <br /> =Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> ==Presentations==<br /> 1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br /> <br /> 2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> <br /> 7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes on presentations==<br /> Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br /> <br /> 1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. &quot;Black tea&quot; (in English all &quot;hong cha&quot; is called &quot;black tea&quot;), British tea culture (add milk)<br /> <br /> 2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br /> <br /> 3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br /> <br /> 4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br /> <br /> 5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br /> <br /> 6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br /> <br /> 7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br /> <br /> ==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br /> <br /> <br /> 75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin<br /> # Jin Yichen <br /> # lu jiahui <br /> # li yuan<br /> # cao yuan<br /> # xiao luyu<br /> # zhang jiaxin +5<br /> # ye sitong<br /> # zhao yashi<br /> # jiang xinyue<br /> # yan xiang<br /> # fei xinyu <br /> # zhang qi<br /> # dai shiru<br /> # zhang zixi<br /> # zheng kaiwu<br /> # cai yichun<br /> # yang jing<br /> # liao dan<br /> # luo yan<br /> # qin yi<br /> # shao keyuan<br /> # cao chunyang<br /> # xu yangyang<br /> # liao zuoyun<br /> # cheng sixiang<br /> # du jiangping<br /> # liu qi<br /> # miao yunlong<br /> # huang qiaoqiao<br /> # chen lin<br /> # duan binyao<br /> # li ting<br /> # zeng zhi<br /> # xing xueqing<br /> # luo jingyan<br /> # liu shutian<br /> # gao xiaoqing<br /> # chen zhen<br /> # luo guoqiang -1-1<br /> # she xiao <br /> # he yunfeng <br /> # liu ying<br /> # du yuan <br /> # li jiayi <br /> # tao yao <br /> # xu xinwen <br /> # ou huang <br /> # liu peini<br /> # jiang ziqiang<br /> # zhang huifang<br /> # liu chao<br /> # liu yunxi <br /> # luo jiaxin<br /> # li mei<br /> # zeng xiaohui<br /> # huang yixuan<br /> # chen anqi<br /> # chen ting<br /> # zhang mai<br /> # yuan xiaolin -1-1<br /> # li mingfeng<br /> # dai yexun-1<br /> # yang pei -1<br /> # tang yan<br /> # xiang jianning-1<br /> # liu chang -1<br /> # wang yuxin<br /> # lv jiahao-1<br /> # dong jiating<br /> # lu wei<br /> # yang yue<br /> # guo cili<br /> # shen shuai<br /> # Ouyang yihong<br /> # li zihan -1<br /> # zuo fang<br /> # fu sihui<br /> # xiao zixin -1<br /> # zhou tianyi -1<br /> # qi zhiyang -1<br /> # liu pei <br /> # gong wei<br /> # chen sisi<br /> # huang sinan<br /> # xiao yikang<br /> # yu jingfang<br /> # luo sicheng<br /> # yang jiahong<br /> # yan jidong<br /> # xiao yawen<br /> # geng hongmei<br /> # zhou le<br /> # qiu ping<br /> # wang huaixing<br /> # wang xinyu<br /> # chu hanqi<br /> # wu jiating<br /> # zhang meiling<br /> # liu jianan<br /> # song xin<br /> # zhao qi<br /> # zheng jinlian<br /> # li linyao<br /> <br /> =Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)<br /> <br /> =Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]<br /> # Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]<br /> #133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]<br /> <br /> =Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> #Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）<br /> #Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br /> #Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br /> #Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 清明节4月4日——4月6日<br /> =Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）<br /> #Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]<br /> #Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)<br /> #Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br /> #Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br /> #Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)<br /> #Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)<br /> #Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)<br /> #Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)<br /> #Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)<br /> #Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei)<br /> #Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]<br /> <br /> =Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)<br /> #Topic 225: Cun Chao&quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)<br /> #Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions &amp; Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling)<br /> #Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)<br /> #Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)<br /> #Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)<br /> #Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)<br /> <br /> ==Please enroll in ai platform==<br /> Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/<br /> <br /> =HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br /> =Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:<br /> ----10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)<br /> #Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)<br /> #Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]] <br /> #Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx.pptx]]<br /> #Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)<br /> #Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)<br /> <br /> =Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> #Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang)<br /> #Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)<br /> #Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)<br /> #Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting)<br /> #Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)<br /> #Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)<br /> #Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)<br /> #Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)<br /> #Topic 261: The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (Cai Yichun)<br /> <br /> =Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> <br /> =Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br /> 279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan<br /> 端午节5月31日——6月2日<br /> <br /> =Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br /> Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Douzhi.pptx&diff=166480 2025-05-05T13:26:14Z

<p>Li Linyao: Li Linyao uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:Douzhi.pptx&amp;quot;</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Li Linyao https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Douzhi.pptx&diff=166479 2025-05-05T13:26:11Z

<p>Li Linyao: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Li Linyao