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User:Li Mengxia

2026-02-03T04:24:53Z

Li Mengxia: Created page with "==Final Exam Paper== ===Water-Splashing Festival=== The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a reli..."

==Final Exam Paper==

===Water-Splashing Festival===

The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religious ceremony of Brahmanism, later incorporated by Buddhism. Around the late 13th to early 14th centuries, the Water-Splashing Festival spread to the Dai regions of Yunnan province along with Buddhism. With the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the customs of the Water-Splashing Festival were preserved and developed. Now, this festival has become the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, and it is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar. The Water-Splashing Festival fully embodies the unique cultural character and spiritual essence of Dai culture, serving as a precious intangible cultural heritage within Chinese civilization.

====The Origin of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The most widely spread story about the origin of the Water-Splashing Festival is that there was once a cruel demon king whom everyone hated and wanted to kill, yet villagers were powerless against his boundless magical powers. Eventually, the demon king’s seventh wife devised a plan to kill him, but the demon king’s head burst into flames like a fireball, burning wherever his head rolled and wherever his blood dripped, so she picked up the demon king’s head and let the fire burn on her body. The other six wives also took turns holding the Demon King’s head. Seeing this, the local people splashed water on them to extinguish the flames. Later, to commemorate them, people began splashing water on each other during the New Year, cleansing themselves of impurities and exchanging blessings. This legend not only endows the Water-Splashing Festival with the cultural connotations of courage and justice, but also carries the aspirations of the Dai people for a better life, making it an important component of Chinese folk literature.

====The Activities of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The core activity of the Water-Splashing Festival is “splashing water for blessings.” In the early morning, people bring clean water and flowers to the temple. First, they hold a “Buddha Bathing Ceremony,” gently pouring water over the Buddha statue and then using flower petals dipped in water to anoint their foreheads, praying for the Buddha’s blessings. Then, the water-splashing activity began. People held basins, buckets and other tools, splashing water on each other while shouting auspicious blessings. Water splashing is divided into “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing.” Gentle splashing is the more traditional method, using a wooden basin filled with water and gently splashing it onto others with branches. Vigorous splashing involves filling a wooden basin with water and splashing it at once. Splashing water is not only a symbol of “washing away dirt and welcoming new life,” but also carries people’s best wishes for each other. Clean water represents purity, kindness, and auspiciousness, and splashing it on others means passing on good fortune and happiness. This activity breaks down barriers between people, promotes emotional exchanges between neighbors, relatives and friends, and even between different ethnic groups, and serves as an important link for maintaining internal ethnic unity and promoting ethnic integration.

Besides the splashing water activity, the Water-Splashing Festival also includes many other activities, each with its own unique significance. For example, in dragon boat racing, the team members wear uniforms and work together to row. “Dragon boat racing” is not only a way to inherit the fishing and hunting culture of the Dai people’s ancestors, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation’s spirit of “unity and cooperation, striving for excellence.” The cheers and encouragement from the people on both sides of the river during the race further enhance national cohesion. Another activity is “Releasing Kongming Lanterns.” As night falls, people light and release lanterns inscribed with wishes, symbolizing “sending away misfortune and welcoming hope,” and embodying people’s aspirations for a better life. “Ganbai Market” refers to temporary markets set up in various places during festivals to sell local delicacies, handicrafts, ethnic costumes, etc. The market is not only a place for the exchange of goods, but also a platform for cultural exchange. Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people, such as bamboo weaving, silver ornaments, and Dai brocade, are displayed and sold here, which not only preserves traditional skills but also promotes local economic development. In addition, there is the “throwing the embroidered ball” activity. This is a special game for unmarried young people of the Dai ethnic group. The “ball” is a token of love, crafted by Dai girls using floral fabric and filled with cotton seeds. During the throwing game, men and women stand in separate rows on the lawn. First, a woman throws the bag to a young man, who then throws it back to the women, thus conveying their feelings for each other.

====The Significance of the Water-Splashing Festival====

As an important part of China’s diverse culture, the Water-Splashing Festival has multiple values and significances, playing an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injecting vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

=====Cultural Inheritance=====

The Water-Splashing Festival showcases and preserves the traditional cultural elements of the Dai people, including their language, script, clothing, food, songs, dances, and handicrafts. For example, the display and sale of handicrafts such as Dai brocade and bamboo weaving at the market allow traditional skills to be preserved. Elders recount the legends and history of the Water-Splashing Festival to younger generations, ensuring the preservation of ethnic cultural history. In addition, the Water-Splashing Festival has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and its function of cultural inheritance has been further strengthened through official protection and promotion.

=====Social Function=====

During the festival, people of all ethnicities and regions participate in the Water-Splashing activity together, which enhances mutual understanding and trust. For ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival is an important opportunity to maintain family ties and strengthen cohesion, with relatives and friends gathering and neighbors helping each other, creating a harmonious social atmosphere.

=====Economic Development=====

The Water-Splashing Festival has become an important engine for promoting the integrated development of local culture and tourism. In recent years, various regions in Yunnan have created a series of cultural and tourism products centered around the Water-Splashing Festival, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of tourists has not only driven the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, but also provided employment opportunities for local people.

=====Cultural Exchange=====

The Water-Splashing Festival is an important platform for showcasing China’s cultural strength and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries. As a distinctive festival of China’s ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival attracts a large number of foreign tourists and cultural scholars to visit and study, allowing the world to better understand China’s diverse culture.

===Terms===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===Questions===

1.When is the Water-Splashing Festival usually held?

2.What does “clean water”symbolize?

3.What are two different styles of water-splashing?

4.Besides splash water activities, what other activities are there during the Water-Splashing Festival?

5.What are the important significances of the Water-Splashing Festival?

===Answers===

1.It is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar.

2.“Clean water” symbolizes purity, kindness and auspiciousness.

3.They are “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing”.

4.Dragon boat racing, Releasing Kongming lanterns, Ganbai market and throw the embroidered ball.

5.The festival plays an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injects vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

===References===

[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

==期末论文==

===泼水节===

泼水节是傣族的新年，其起源可追溯至古印度，最初是婆罗门教的一项宗教仪式，后被佛教所吸纳。约在13世纪末至14世纪初，泼水节随佛教传播进入云南傣族区域。随着小乘佛教在傣族地区中的影响逐渐加深，泼水节的相关习俗也得以传承和发展。如今，这一节日已成为傣族最为重要的传统节日，通常在每年公历4月中旬前后举行。泼水节集中展现了傣族文化鲜明的特色与精神内涵，也是中华非物质文化遗产中的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的起源====

关于泼水节的起源，流传更为广泛的传说是：从前有一个非常凶残的魔王，人们都非常痛恨他、想要杀死他，却迫于他无边的法力而束手无策。后来，魔王的第七个妻子设计杀死了魔王，但魔王的头像火球一样燃了起来，头滚到哪里火就烧到哪里，污血滴到的地方也会燃烧起来。于是她便把魔王的头抱起来，让火在自己的身上燃烧。魔王的其他六个妻子也轮流抱住魔王的头。当地人见此情况便向她们身上泼水灭火。后来为了永远纪念她们，每逢新年人们便用水相泼，洗尘去污、互道祝福。这一传说不仅赋予了泼水节勇敢、正义的文化内涵，更承载了傣族先民对美好生活的向往，成为中华民族民间文学的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的活动====

泼水节的核心活动是“泼水祈福”。清晨，人们带清水与鲜花前往寺院，首先举行“浴佛仪式”，人们用清水轻轻浇灌佛像，再用花瓣蘸取清水涂抹在额头，祈求佛陀保佑。随后，泼水活动正式开始，人们手持水盆、水桶等工具，相互泼洒清水，口中呼喊着吉祥的祝福语。泼水分为“文泼”和“武泼”。文泼是比较传统的方式，用木盆装满清水，再用枝桠沾着水轻轻泼在别人身上。武泼是用木盆装满水，把一盆直接全部泼出去。泼水不仅是“洗去污秽、迎接新生”的象征，更承载着人们相互祝福的美好愿望。清水代表着纯洁、善良与吉祥，泼向他人意味着将好运与幸福传递出去。这一活动打破了人与人之间的隔阂，促进了邻里、亲友乃至不同民族之间的情感交流，是维系民族内部团结、促进民族融合的重要纽带。

除泼水活动外，泼水节还有多项活动，都有其独特意义。例如“赛龙舟”，参赛队员身着统一服饰，齐心协力划桨竞渡。赛龙舟不仅是对傣族先民渔猎文化的传承，更象征着中华民族“团结协作、奋勇争先”的精神，比赛过程中两岸群众的呐喊助威，进一步增强了民族凝聚力。还有“放孔明灯”，夜幕降临时，人们将写着美好愿望的孔明灯点燃放飞，寓意“送走厄运、迎来希望”，承载着人们对美好生活的向往。“赶摆集市”是指在节庆期间，各地会设立临时集市，售卖特色美食、手工艺品、民族服饰等，集市不仅是物资交换的场所，更是文化交流的平台，傣族的竹编、银饰、傣锦等传统手工艺品在此展示售卖，既传承了传统技艺，又促进了当地经济发展。除此以外，还有丢包活动。“ 丢包 ” 是傣族未婚青年的专场游戏，“包”是象征爱情的信物，由傣族姑娘用花布精心制作，内装棉籽。丢包时，男女在草坪上各站一排，先由傣族姑娘将包掷给小伙子，小伙子再掷给姑娘，并借此传递感情。

====泼水节的意义====

作为中国多元文化中的重要组成部分，泼水节具有多重价值意义，在文化传承、社会功能、经济带动、文化交流等方面发挥着重要的作用，为中华民族的文化繁荣与社会发展注入了活力。

=====文化传承=====

泼水节通过节庆活动，展示并继承了傣族的语言、文字、服饰、饮食、歌舞、手工艺等传统文化元素。例如，傣锦、竹编等手工艺品在赶摆集市的展示与售卖，使得传统技艺得以延续；长辈向晚辈讲述泼水节的传说与历史，让民族文化的记忆得以留存。此外，泼水节已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，通过官方的保护与推广，进一步强化了其文化传承的功能。

=====社会功能=====

节庆期间，人们不分民族、不分地域，共同参与泼水活动，在互动过程中增进了相互了解与信任。对于少数民族内部而言，泼水节是维系家族情感、强化凝聚力的重要契机，亲友团聚、邻里互助，形成了和谐融洽的社会氛围。

=====经济发展=====

泼水节成为推动当地文旅融合发展的重要引擎。近年来，云南各地以泼水节为核心，打造了一系列文旅产品，吸引了大量国内外游客前往体验。游客的到来不仅带动了当地餐饮、住宿、交通、购物等相关产业的发展，还为当地人提供了就业岗位。

=====文化交流=====

泼水节是展现中国文化实力、促进中外文化交流的重要平台。作为中国少数民族的特色节庆，泼水节吸引了大量国外游客与文化学者前来参观考察，让世界更好地了解中国的多元文化。

===术语===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===问题===

1. 泼水节通常在什么时候举行？

2. “净水”象征着什么？

3. 泼水有哪两种不同的方式？

4. 除了泼水活动，泼水节期间还有哪些其他活动？

5. 泼水节有哪些重要意义？

===答案===

1. 通常在公历四月中旬左右举行。

2. “净水”象征着纯洁、善良和吉祥。

3. 分为文泼和武泼。

4. 赛龙舟、放孔明灯、赶摆市场以及丢包。

5. 泼水节在文化传承、社会功能、经济发展和文化交流方面发挥着重要作用，并为中华民族的文化繁荣和社会发展注入活力。

===参考文献===
[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

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2025-12-30T15:39:14Z

Li Mengxia: /* Answers */

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2025-12-30T15:38:40Z

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==Final Exam Paper==

===Water-Splashing Festival===

The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religious ceremony of Brahmanism, later incorporated by Buddhism. Around the late 13th to early 14th centuries, the Water-Splashing Festival spread to the Dai regions of Yunnan province along with Buddhism. With the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the customs of the Water-Splashing Festival were preserved and developed. Now, this festival has become the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, and it is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar. The Water-Splashing Festival fully embodies the unique cultural character and spiritual essence of Dai culture, serving as a precious intangible cultural heritage within Chinese civilization.

====The Origin of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The most widely spread story about the origin of the Water-Splashing Festival is that there was once a cruel demon king whom everyone hated and wanted to kill, yet villagers were powerless against his boundless magical powers. Eventually, the demon king’s seventh wife devised a plan to kill him, but the demon king’s head burst into flames like a fireball, burning wherever his head rolled and wherever his blood dripped, so she picked up the demon king’s head and let the fire burn on her body. The other six wives also took turns holding the Demon King’s head. Seeing this, the local people splashed water on them to extinguish the flames. Later, to commemorate them, people began splashing water on each other during the New Year, cleansing themselves of impurities and exchanging blessings. This legend not only endows the Water-Splashing Festival with the cultural connotations of courage and justice, but also carries the aspirations of the Dai people for a better life, making it an important component of Chinese folk literature.

====The Activities of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The core activity of the Water-Splashing Festival is “splashing water for blessings.” In the early morning, people bring clean water and flowers to the temple. First, they hold a “Buddha Bathing Ceremony,” gently pouring water over the Buddha statue and then using flower petals dipped in water to anoint their foreheads, praying for the Buddha’s blessings. Then, the water-splashing activity began. People held basins, buckets and other tools, splashing water on each other while shouting auspicious blessings. Water splashing is divided into “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing.” Gentle splashing is the more traditional method, using a wooden basin filled with water and gently splashing it onto others with branches. Vigorous splashing involves filling a wooden basin with water and splashing it at once. Splashing water is not only a symbol of “washing away dirt and welcoming new life,” but also carries people’s best wishes for each other. Clean water represents purity, kindness, and auspiciousness, and splashing it on others means passing on good fortune and happiness. This activity breaks down barriers between people, promotes emotional exchanges between neighbors, relatives and friends, and even between different ethnic groups, and serves as an important link for maintaining internal ethnic unity and promoting ethnic integration.

Besides the splashing water activity, the Water-Splashing Festival also includes many other activities, each with its own unique significance. For example, in dragon boat racing, the team members wear uniforms and work together to row. “Dragon boat racing” is not only a way to inherit the fishing and hunting culture of the Dai people’s ancestors, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation’s spirit of “unity and cooperation, striving for excellence.” The cheers and encouragement from the people on both sides of the river during the race further enhance national cohesion. Another activity is “Releasing Kongming Lanterns.” As night falls, people light and release lanterns inscribed with wishes, symbolizing “sending away misfortune and welcoming hope,” and embodying people’s aspirations for a better life. “Ganbai Market” refers to temporary markets set up in various places during festivals to sell local delicacies, handicrafts, ethnic costumes, etc. The market is not only a place for the exchange of goods, but also a platform for cultural exchange. Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people, such as bamboo weaving, silver ornaments, and Dai brocade, are displayed and sold here, which not only preserves traditional skills but also promotes local economic development. In addition, there is the “throwing the embroidered ball” activity. This is a special game for unmarried young people of the Dai ethnic group. The “ball” is a token of love, crafted by Dai girls using floral fabric and filled with cotton seeds. During the throwing game, men and women stand in separate rows on the lawn. First, a woman throws the bag to a young man, who then throws it back to the women, thus conveying their feelings for each other.

====The Significance of the Water-Splashing Festival====

As an important part of China’s diverse culture, the Water-Splashing Festival has multiple values and significances, playing an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injecting vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

=====Cultural Inheritance=====

The Water-Splashing Festival showcases and preserves the traditional cultural elements of the Dai people, including their language, script, clothing, food, songs, dances, and handicrafts. For example, the display and sale of handicrafts such as Dai brocade and bamboo weaving at the market allow traditional skills to be preserved. Elders recount the legends and history of the Water-Splashing Festival to younger generations, ensuring the preservation of ethnic cultural history. In addition, the Water-Splashing Festival has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and its function of cultural inheritance has been further strengthened through official protection and promotion.

=====Social Function=====

During the festival, people of all ethnicities and regions participate in the Water-Splashing activity together, which enhances mutual understanding and trust. For ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival is an important opportunity to maintain family ties and strengthen cohesion, with relatives and friends gathering and neighbors helping each other, creating a harmonious social atmosphere.

=====Economic Development=====

The Water-Splashing Festival has become an important engine for promoting the integrated development of local culture and tourism. In recent years, various regions in Yunnan have created a series of cultural and tourism products centered around the Water-Splashing Festival, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of tourists has not only driven the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, but also provided employment opportunities for local people.

=====Cultural Exchange=====

The Water-Splashing Festival is an important platform for showcasing China’s cultural strength and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries. As a distinctive festival of China’s ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival attracts a large number of foreign tourists and cultural scholars to visit and study, allowing the world to better understand China’s diverse culture.

===Terms===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===Questions===

1.When is the Water-Splashing Festival usually held?

2.What does “clean water”symbolize?

3.What are two different styles of water-splashing?

4.Besides splash water activities, what other activities are there during the Water-Splashing Festival?

5.What are the important significances of the Water-Splashing Festival?

==Answers==

1.It is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar.

2.“Clean water” symbolizes purity, kindness and auspiciousness.

3.They are “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing”.

4.Dragon boat racing, Releasing Kongming lanterns, Ganbai market and throw the embroidered ball.

5.The festival plays an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injects vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

===References===

[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

==期末论文==

===泼水节===

泼水节是傣族的新年，其起源可追溯至古印度，最初是婆罗门教的一项宗教仪式，后被佛教所吸纳。约在13世纪末至14世纪初，泼水节随佛教传播进入云南傣族区域。随着小乘佛教在傣族地区中的影响逐渐加深，泼水节的相关习俗也得以传承和发展。如今，这一节日已成为傣族最为重要的传统节日，通常在每年公历4月中旬前后举行。泼水节集中展现了傣族文化鲜明的特色与精神内涵，也是中华非物质文化遗产中的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的起源====

关于泼水节的起源，流传更为广泛的传说是：从前有一个非常凶残的魔王，人们都非常痛恨他、想要杀死他，却迫于他无边的法力而束手无策。后来，魔王的第七个妻子设计杀死了魔王，但魔王的头像火球一样燃了起来，头滚到哪里火就烧到哪里，污血滴到的地方也会燃烧起来。于是她便把魔王的头抱起来，让火在自己的身上燃烧。魔王的其他六个妻子也轮流抱住魔王的头。当地人见此情况便向她们身上泼水灭火。后来为了永远纪念她们，每逢新年人们便用水相泼，洗尘去污、互道祝福。这一传说不仅赋予了泼水节勇敢、正义的文化内涵，更承载了傣族先民对美好生活的向往，成为中华民族民间文学的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的活动====

泼水节的核心活动是“泼水祈福”。清晨，人们带清水与鲜花前往寺院，首先举行“浴佛仪式”，人们用清水轻轻浇灌佛像，再用花瓣蘸取清水涂抹在额头，祈求佛陀保佑。随后，泼水活动正式开始，人们手持水盆、水桶等工具，相互泼洒清水，口中呼喊着吉祥的祝福语。泼水分为“文泼”和“武泼”。文泼是比较传统的方式，用木盆装满清水，再用枝桠沾着水轻轻泼在别人身上。武泼是用木盆装满水，把一盆直接全部泼出去。泼水不仅是“洗去污秽、迎接新生”的象征，更承载着人们相互祝福的美好愿望。清水代表着纯洁、善良与吉祥，泼向他人意味着将好运与幸福传递出去。这一活动打破了人与人之间的隔阂，促进了邻里、亲友乃至不同民族之间的情感交流，是维系民族内部团结、促进民族融合的重要纽带。

除泼水活动外，泼水节还有多项活动，都有其独特意义。例如“赛龙舟”，参赛队员身着统一服饰，齐心协力划桨竞渡。赛龙舟不仅是对傣族先民渔猎文化的传承，更象征着中华民族“团结协作、奋勇争先”的精神，比赛过程中两岸群众的呐喊助威，进一步增强了民族凝聚力。还有“放孔明灯”，夜幕降临时，人们将写着美好愿望的孔明灯点燃放飞，寓意“送走厄运、迎来希望”，承载着人们对美好生活的向往。“赶摆集市”是指在节庆期间，各地会设立临时集市，售卖特色美食、手工艺品、民族服饰等，集市不仅是物资交换的场所，更是文化交流的平台，傣族的竹编、银饰、傣锦等传统手工艺品在此展示售卖，既传承了传统技艺，又促进了当地经济发展。除此以外，还有丢包活动。“ 丢包 ” 是傣族未婚青年的专场游戏，“包”是象征爱情的信物，由傣族姑娘用花布精心制作，内装棉籽。丢包时，男女在草坪上各站一排，先由傣族姑娘将包掷给小伙子，小伙子再掷给姑娘，并借此传递感情。

====泼水节的意义====

作为中国多元文化中的重要组成部分，泼水节具有多重价值意义，在文化传承、社会功能、经济带动、文化交流等方面发挥着重要的作用，为中华民族的文化繁荣与社会发展注入了活力。

=====文化传承=====

泼水节通过节庆活动，展示并继承了傣族的语言、文字、服饰、饮食、歌舞、手工艺等传统文化元素。例如，傣锦、竹编等手工艺品在赶摆集市的展示与售卖，使得传统技艺得以延续；长辈向晚辈讲述泼水节的传说与历史，让民族文化的记忆得以留存。此外，泼水节已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，通过官方的保护与推广，进一步强化了其文化传承的功能。

=====社会功能=====

节庆期间，人们不分民族、不分地域，共同参与泼水活动，在互动过程中增进了相互了解与信任。对于少数民族内部而言，泼水节是维系家族情感、强化凝聚力的重要契机，亲友团聚、邻里互助，形成了和谐融洽的社会氛围。

=====经济发展=====

泼水节成为推动当地文旅融合发展的重要引擎。近年来，云南各地以泼水节为核心，打造了一系列文旅产品，吸引了大量国内外游客前往体验。游客的到来不仅带动了当地餐饮、住宿、交通、购物等相关产业的发展，还为当地人提供了就业岗位。

=====文化交流=====

泼水节是展现中国文化实力、促进中外文化交流的重要平台。作为中国少数民族的特色节庆，泼水节吸引了大量国外游客与文化学者前来参观考察，让世界更好地了解中国的多元文化。

===术语===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===问题===

1. 泼水节通常在什么时候举行？

2. “净水”象征着什么？

3. 泼水有哪两种不同的方式？

4. 除了泼水活动，泼水节期间还有哪些其他活动？

5. 泼水节有哪些重要意义？

===答案===

1. 通常在公历四月中旬左右举行。

2. “净水”象征着纯洁、善良和吉祥。

3. 分为文泼和武泼。

4. 赛龙舟、放孔明灯、赶摆市场以及丢包。

5. 泼水节在文化传承、社会功能、经济发展和文化交流方面发挥着重要作用，并为中华民族的文化繁荣和社会发展注入活力。

===参考文献===
[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

Uvu/index.php/User:Li Mengxia

2025-12-30T15:38:15Z

Li Mengxia:

==Final Exam Paper==

===Water-Splashing Festival===

The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religious ceremony of Brahmanism, later incorporated by Buddhism. Around the late 13th to early 14th centuries, the Water-Splashing Festival spread to the Dai regions of Yunnan province along with Buddhism. With the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the customs of the Water-Splashing Festival were preserved and developed. Now, this festival has become the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, and it is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar. The Water-Splashing Festival fully embodies the unique cultural character and spiritual essence of Dai culture, serving as a precious intangible cultural heritage within Chinese civilization.

====The Origin of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The most widely spread story about the origin of the Water-Splashing Festival is that there was once a cruel demon king whom everyone hated and wanted to kill, yet villagers were powerless against his boundless magical powers. Eventually, the demon king’s seventh wife devised a plan to kill him, but the demon king’s head burst into flames like a fireball, burning wherever his head rolled and wherever his blood dripped, so she picked up the demon king’s head and let the fire burn on her body. The other six wives also took turns holding the Demon King’s head. Seeing this, the local people splashed water on them to extinguish the flames. Later, to commemorate them, people began splashing water on each other during the New Year, cleansing themselves of impurities and exchanging blessings. This legend not only endows the Water-Splashing Festival with the cultural connotations of courage and justice, but also carries the aspirations of the Dai people for a better life, making it an important component of Chinese folk literature.

====The Activities of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The core activity of the Water-Splashing Festival is “splashing water for blessings.” In the early morning, people bring clean water and flowers to the temple. First, they hold a “Buddha Bathing Ceremony,” gently pouring water over the Buddha statue and then using flower petals dipped in water to anoint their foreheads, praying for the Buddha’s blessings. Then, the water-splashing activity began. People held basins, buckets and other tools, splashing water on each other while shouting auspicious blessings. Water splashing is divided into “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing.” Gentle splashing is the more traditional method, using a wooden basin filled with water and gently splashing it onto others with branches. Vigorous splashing involves filling a wooden basin with water and splashing it at once. Splashing water is not only a symbol of “washing away dirt and welcoming new life,” but also carries people’s best wishes for each other. Clean water represents purity, kindness, and auspiciousness, and splashing it on others means passing on good fortune and happiness. This activity breaks down barriers between people, promotes emotional exchanges between neighbors, relatives and friends, and even between different ethnic groups, and serves as an important link for maintaining internal ethnic unity and promoting ethnic integration.

Besides the splashing water activity, the Water-Splashing Festival also includes many other activities, each with its own unique significance. For example, in dragon boat racing, the team members wear uniforms and work together to row. “Dragon boat racing” is not only a way to inherit the fishing and hunting culture of the Dai people’s ancestors, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation’s spirit of “unity and cooperation, striving for excellence.” The cheers and encouragement from the people on both sides of the river during the race further enhance national cohesion. Another activity is “Releasing Kongming Lanterns.” As night falls, people light and release lanterns inscribed with wishes, symbolizing “sending away misfortune and welcoming hope,” and embodying people’s aspirations for a better life. “Ganbai Market” refers to temporary markets set up in various places during festivals to sell local delicacies, handicrafts, ethnic costumes, etc. The market is not only a place for the exchange of goods, but also a platform for cultural exchange. Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people, such as bamboo weaving, silver ornaments, and Dai brocade, are displayed and sold here, which not only preserves traditional skills but also promotes local economic development. In addition, there is the “throwing the embroidered ball” activity. This is a special game for unmarried young people of the Dai ethnic group. The “ball” is a token of love, crafted by Dai girls using floral fabric and filled with cotton seeds. During the throwing game, men and women stand in separate rows on the lawn. First, a woman throws the bag to a young man, who then throws it back to the women, thus conveying their feelings for each other.

====The Significance of the Water-Splashing Festival====

As an important part of China’s diverse culture, the Water-Splashing Festival has multiple values and significances, playing an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injecting vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

=====Cultural Inheritance=====

The Water-Splashing Festival showcases and preserves the traditional cultural elements of the Dai people, including their language, script, clothing, food, songs, dances, and handicrafts. For example, the display and sale of handicrafts such as Dai brocade and bamboo weaving at the market allow traditional skills to be preserved. Elders recount the legends and history of the Water-Splashing Festival to younger generations, ensuring the preservation of ethnic cultural history. In addition, the Water-Splashing Festival has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and its function of cultural inheritance has been further strengthened through official protection and promotion.

=====Social Function=====

During the festival, people of all ethnicities and regions participate in the Water-Splashing activity together, which enhances mutual understanding and trust. For ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival is an important opportunity to maintain family ties and strengthen cohesion, with relatives and friends gathering and neighbors helping each other, creating a harmonious social atmosphere.

=====Economic Development=====

The Water-Splashing Festival has become an important engine for promoting the integrated development of local culture and tourism. In recent years, various regions in Yunnan have created a series of cultural and tourism products centered around the Water-Splashing Festival, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of tourists has not only driven the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, but also provided employment opportunities for local people.

=====Cultural Exchange=====

The Water-Splashing Festival is an important platform for showcasing China’s cultural strength and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries. As a distinctive festival of China’s ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival attracts a large number of foreign tourists and cultural scholars to visit and study, allowing the world to better understand China’s diverse culture.

===Terms===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===Questions===

1.When is the Water-Splashing Festival usually held?

2.What does “clean water”symbolize?

3.What are two different styles of water-splashing?

4.Besides splash water activities, what other activities are there during the Water-Splashing Festival?

5.What are the important significances of the Water-Splashing Festival?

===Answers==

1.It is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar.

2.“Clean water” symbolizes purity, kindness and auspiciousness.

3.They are “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing”.

4.Dragon boat racing, Releasing Kongming lanterns, Ganbai market and throw the embroidered ball.

5.The festival plays an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injects vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

===References===

[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

==期末论文==

===泼水节===

泼水节是傣族的新年，其起源可追溯至古印度，最初是婆罗门教的一项宗教仪式，后被佛教所吸纳。约在13世纪末至14世纪初，泼水节随佛教传播进入云南傣族区域。随着小乘佛教在傣族地区中的影响逐渐加深，泼水节的相关习俗也得以传承和发展。如今，这一节日已成为傣族最为重要的传统节日，通常在每年公历4月中旬前后举行。泼水节集中展现了傣族文化鲜明的特色与精神内涵，也是中华非物质文化遗产中的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的起源====

关于泼水节的起源，流传更为广泛的传说是：从前有一个非常凶残的魔王，人们都非常痛恨他、想要杀死他，却迫于他无边的法力而束手无策。后来，魔王的第七个妻子设计杀死了魔王，但魔王的头像火球一样燃了起来，头滚到哪里火就烧到哪里，污血滴到的地方也会燃烧起来。于是她便把魔王的头抱起来，让火在自己的身上燃烧。魔王的其他六个妻子也轮流抱住魔王的头。当地人见此情况便向她们身上泼水灭火。后来为了永远纪念她们，每逢新年人们便用水相泼，洗尘去污、互道祝福。这一传说不仅赋予了泼水节勇敢、正义的文化内涵，更承载了傣族先民对美好生活的向往，成为中华民族民间文学的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的活动====

泼水节的核心活动是“泼水祈福”。清晨，人们带清水与鲜花前往寺院，首先举行“浴佛仪式”，人们用清水轻轻浇灌佛像，再用花瓣蘸取清水涂抹在额头，祈求佛陀保佑。随后，泼水活动正式开始，人们手持水盆、水桶等工具，相互泼洒清水，口中呼喊着吉祥的祝福语。泼水分为“文泼”和“武泼”。文泼是比较传统的方式，用木盆装满清水，再用枝桠沾着水轻轻泼在别人身上。武泼是用木盆装满水，把一盆直接全部泼出去。泼水不仅是“洗去污秽、迎接新生”的象征，更承载着人们相互祝福的美好愿望。清水代表着纯洁、善良与吉祥，泼向他人意味着将好运与幸福传递出去。这一活动打破了人与人之间的隔阂，促进了邻里、亲友乃至不同民族之间的情感交流，是维系民族内部团结、促进民族融合的重要纽带。

除泼水活动外，泼水节还有多项活动，都有其独特意义。例如“赛龙舟”，参赛队员身着统一服饰，齐心协力划桨竞渡。赛龙舟不仅是对傣族先民渔猎文化的传承，更象征着中华民族“团结协作、奋勇争先”的精神，比赛过程中两岸群众的呐喊助威，进一步增强了民族凝聚力。还有“放孔明灯”，夜幕降临时，人们将写着美好愿望的孔明灯点燃放飞，寓意“送走厄运、迎来希望”，承载着人们对美好生活的向往。“赶摆集市”是指在节庆期间，各地会设立临时集市，售卖特色美食、手工艺品、民族服饰等，集市不仅是物资交换的场所，更是文化交流的平台，傣族的竹编、银饰、傣锦等传统手工艺品在此展示售卖，既传承了传统技艺，又促进了当地经济发展。除此以外，还有丢包活动。“ 丢包 ” 是傣族未婚青年的专场游戏，“包”是象征爱情的信物，由傣族姑娘用花布精心制作，内装棉籽。丢包时，男女在草坪上各站一排，先由傣族姑娘将包掷给小伙子，小伙子再掷给姑娘，并借此传递感情。

====泼水节的意义====

作为中国多元文化中的重要组成部分，泼水节具有多重价值意义，在文化传承、社会功能、经济带动、文化交流等方面发挥着重要的作用，为中华民族的文化繁荣与社会发展注入了活力。

=====文化传承=====

泼水节通过节庆活动，展示并继承了傣族的语言、文字、服饰、饮食、歌舞、手工艺等传统文化元素。例如，傣锦、竹编等手工艺品在赶摆集市的展示与售卖，使得传统技艺得以延续；长辈向晚辈讲述泼水节的传说与历史，让民族文化的记忆得以留存。此外，泼水节已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，通过官方的保护与推广，进一步强化了其文化传承的功能。

=====社会功能=====

节庆期间，人们不分民族、不分地域，共同参与泼水活动，在互动过程中增进了相互了解与信任。对于少数民族内部而言，泼水节是维系家族情感、强化凝聚力的重要契机，亲友团聚、邻里互助，形成了和谐融洽的社会氛围。

=====经济发展=====

泼水节成为推动当地文旅融合发展的重要引擎。近年来，云南各地以泼水节为核心，打造了一系列文旅产品，吸引了大量国内外游客前往体验。游客的到来不仅带动了当地餐饮、住宿、交通、购物等相关产业的发展，还为当地人提供了就业岗位。

=====文化交流=====

泼水节是展现中国文化实力、促进中外文化交流的重要平台。作为中国少数民族的特色节庆，泼水节吸引了大量国外游客与文化学者前来参观考察，让世界更好地了解中国的多元文化。

===术语===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===问题===

1. 泼水节通常在什么时候举行？

2. “净水”象征着什么？

3. 泼水有哪两种不同的方式？

4. 除了泼水活动，泼水节期间还有哪些其他活动？

5. 泼水节有哪些重要意义？

===答案===

1. 通常在公历四月中旬左右举行。

2. “净水”象征着纯洁、善良和吉祥。

3. 分为文泼和武泼。

4. 赛龙舟、放孔明灯、赶摆市场以及丢包。

5. 泼水节在文化传承、社会功能、经济发展和文化交流方面发挥着重要作用，并为中华民族的文化繁荣和社会发展注入活力。

===参考文献===
[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

Uvu/index.php/User:Li Mengxia

2025-12-30T15:03:00Z

Li Mengxia: /* 参考文献= */

==期末论文==

===Water-Splashing Festival===

The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religious ceremony of Brahmanism, later incorporated by Buddhism. Around the late 13th to early 14th centuries, the Water-Splashing Festival spread to the Dai regions of Yunnan province along with Buddhism. With the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the customs of the Water-Splashing Festival were preserved and developed. Now, this festival has become the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, and it is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar. The Water-Splashing Festival fully embodies the unique cultural character and spiritual essence of Dai culture, serving as a precious intangible cultural heritage within Chinese civilization.

====The Origin of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The most widely spread story about the origin of the Water-Splashing Festival is that there was once a cruel demon king whom everyone hated and wanted to kill, yet villagers were powerless against his boundless magical powers. Eventually, the demon king’s seventh wife devised a plan to kill him, but the demon king’s head burst into flames like a fireball, burning wherever his head rolled and wherever his blood dripped, so she picked up the demon king’s head and let the fire burn on her body. The other six wives also took turns holding the Demon King’s head. Seeing this, the local people splashed water on them to extinguish the flames. Later, to commemorate them, people began splashing water on each other during the New Year, cleansing themselves of impurities and exchanging blessings. This legend not only endows the Water-Splashing Festival with the cultural connotations of courage and justice, but also carries the aspirations of the Dai people for a better life, making it an important component of Chinese folk literature.

====The Activities of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The core activity of the Water-Splashing Festival is “splashing water for blessings.” In the early morning, people bring clean water and flowers to the temple. First, they hold a “Buddha Bathing Ceremony,” gently pouring water over the Buddha statue and then using flower petals dipped in water to anoint their foreheads, praying for the Buddha’s blessings. Then, the water-splashing activity began. People held basins, buckets and other tools, splashing water on each other while shouting auspicious blessings. Water splashing is divided into “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing.” Gentle splashing is the more traditional method, using a wooden basin filled with water and gently splashing it onto others with branches. Vigorous splashing involves filling a wooden basin with water and splashing it at once. Splashing water is not only a symbol of “washing away dirt and welcoming new life,” but also carries people’s best wishes for each other. Clean water represents purity, kindness, and auspiciousness, and splashing it on others means passing on good fortune and happiness. This activity breaks down barriers between people, promotes emotional exchanges between neighbors, relatives and friends, and even between different ethnic groups, and serves as an important link for maintaining internal ethnic unity and promoting ethnic integration.

Besides the splashing water activity, the Water-Splashing Festival also includes many other activities, each with its own unique significance. For example, in dragon boat racing, the team members wear uniforms and work together to row. “Dragon boat racing” is not only a way to inherit the fishing and hunting culture of the Dai people’s ancestors, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation’s spirit of “unity and cooperation, striving for excellence.” The cheers and encouragement from the people on both sides of the river during the race further enhance national cohesion. Another activity is “Releasing Kongming Lanterns.” As night falls, people light and release lanterns inscribed with wishes, symbolizing “sending away misfortune and welcoming hope,” and embodying people’s aspirations for a better life. “Ganbai Market” refers to temporary markets set up in various places during festivals to sell local delicacies, handicrafts, ethnic costumes, etc. The market is not only a place for the exchange of goods, but also a platform for cultural exchange. Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people, such as bamboo weaving, silver ornaments, and Dai brocade, are displayed and sold here, which not only preserves traditional skills but also promotes local economic development. In addition, there is the “throwing the embroidered ball” activity. This is a special game for unmarried young people of the Dai ethnic group. The “ball” is a token of love, crafted by Dai girls using floral fabric and filled with cotton seeds. During the throwing game, men and women stand in separate rows on the lawn. First, a woman throws the bag to a young man, who then throws it back to the women, thus conveying their feelings for each other.

====The Significance of the Water-Splashing Festival====

As an important part of China’s diverse culture, the Water-Splashing Festival has multiple values and significances, playing an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injecting vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

Cultural Inheritance

The Water-Splashing Festival showcases and preserves the traditional cultural elements of the Dai people, including their language, script, clothing, food, songs, dances, and handicrafts. For example, the display and sale of handicrafts such as Dai brocade and bamboo weaving at the market allow traditional skills to be preserved. Elders recount the legends and history of the Water-Splashing Festival to younger generations, ensuring the preservation of ethnic cultural history. In addition, the Water-Splashing Festival has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and its function of cultural inheritance has been further strengthened through official protection and promotion.

Social Function

During the festival, people of all ethnicities and regions participate in the Water-Splashing activity together, which enhances mutual understanding and trust. For ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival is an important opportunity to maintain family ties and strengthen cohesion, with relatives and friends gathering and neighbors helping each other, creating a harmonious social atmosphere.

Economic Development

The Water-Splashing Festival has become an important engine for promoting the integrated development of local culture and tourism. In recent years, various regions in Yunnan have created a series of cultural and tourism products centered around the Water-Splashing Festival, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of tourists has not only driven the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, but also provided employment opportunities for local people.

Cultural Exchange

The Water-Splashing Festival is an important platform for showcasing China’s cultural strength and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries. As a distinctive festival of China’s ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival attracts a large number of foreign tourists and cultural scholars to visit and study, allowing the world to better understand China’s diverse culture.

===泼水节===

泼水节是傣族的新年，其起源可追溯至古印度，最初是婆罗门教的一项宗教仪式，后被佛教所吸纳。约在13世纪末至14世纪初，泼水节随佛教传播进入云南傣族区域。随着小乘佛教在傣族地区中的影响逐渐加深，泼水节的相关习俗也得以传承和发展。如今，这一节日已成为傣族最为重要的传统节日，通常在每年公历4月中旬前后举行。泼水节集中展现了傣族文化鲜明的特色与精神内涵，也是中华非物质文化遗产中的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的起源====

关于泼水节的起源，流传更为广泛的传说是：从前有一个非常凶残的魔王，人们都非常痛恨他、想要杀死他，却迫于他无边的法力而束手无策。后来，魔王的第七个妻子设计杀死了魔王，但魔王的头像火球一样燃了起来，头滚到哪里火就烧到哪里，污血滴到的地方也会燃烧起来。于是她便把魔王的头抱起来，让火在自己的身上燃烧。魔王的其他六个妻子也轮流抱住魔王的头。当地人见此情况便向她们身上泼水灭火。后来为了永远纪念她们，每逢新年人们便用水相泼，洗尘去污、互道祝福。这一传说不仅赋予了泼水节勇敢、正义的文化内涵，更承载了傣族先民对美好生活的向往，成为中华民族民间文学的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的活动====

泼水节的核心活动是“泼水祈福”。清晨，人们带清水与鲜花前往寺院，首先举行“浴佛仪式”，人们用清水轻轻浇灌佛像，再用花瓣蘸取清水涂抹在额头，祈求佛陀保佑。随后，泼水活动正式开始，人们手持水盆、水桶等工具，相互泼洒清水，口中呼喊着吉祥的祝福语。泼水分为“文泼”和“武泼”。文泼是比较传统的方式，用木盆装满清水，再用枝桠沾着水轻轻泼在别人身上。武泼是用木盆装满水，把一盆直接全部泼出去。泼水不仅是“洗去污秽、迎接新生”的象征，更承载着人们相互祝福的美好愿望。清水代表着纯洁、善良与吉祥，泼向他人意味着将好运与幸福传递出去。这一活动打破了人与人之间的隔阂，促进了邻里、亲友乃至不同民族之间的情感交流，是维系民族内部团结、促进民族融合的重要纽带。

除泼水活动外，泼水节还有多项活动，都有其独特意义。例如“赛龙舟”，参赛队员身着统一服饰，齐心协力划桨竞渡。赛龙舟不仅是对傣族先民渔猎文化的传承，更象征着中华民族“团结协作、奋勇争先”的精神，比赛过程中两岸群众的呐喊助威，进一步增强了民族凝聚力。还有“放孔明灯”，夜幕降临时，人们将写着美好愿望的孔明灯点燃放飞，寓意“送走厄运、迎来希望”，承载着人们对美好生活的向往。“赶摆集市”是指在节庆期间，各地会设立临时集市，售卖特色美食、手工艺品、民族服饰等，集市不仅是物资交换的场所，更是文化交流的平台，傣族的竹编、银饰、傣锦等传统手工艺品在此展示售卖，既传承了传统技艺，又促进了当地经济发展。除此以外，还有丢包活动。“ 丢包 ” 是傣族未婚青年的专场游戏，“包”是象征爱情的信物，由傣族姑娘用花布精心制作，内装棉籽。丢包时，男女在草坪上各站一排，先由傣族姑娘将包掷给小伙子，小伙子再掷给姑娘，并借此传递感情。

====泼水节的意义====

作为中国多元文化中的重要组成部分，泼水节具有多重价值意义，在文化传承、社会功能、经济带动、文化交流等方面发挥着重要的作用，为中华民族的文化繁荣与社会发展注入了活力。

文化传承：

泼水节通过节庆活动，展示并继承了傣族的语言、文字、服饰、饮食、歌舞、手工艺等传统文化元素。例如，傣锦、竹编等手工艺品在赶摆集市的展示与售卖，使得传统技艺得以延续；长辈向晚辈讲述泼水节的传说与历史，让民族文化的记忆得以留存。此外，泼水节已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，通过官方的保护与推广，进一步强化了其文化传承的功能。

社会功能：

节庆期间，人们不分民族、不分地域，共同参与泼水活动，在互动过程中增进了相互了解与信任。对于少数民族内部而言，泼水节是维系家族情感、强化凝聚力的重要契机，亲友团聚、邻里互助，形成了和谐融洽的社会氛围。

经济带动：

泼水节成为推动当地文旅融合发展的重要引擎。近年来，云南各地以泼水节为核心，打造了一系列文旅产品，吸引了大量国内外游客前往体验。游客的到来不仅带动了当地餐饮、住宿、交通、购物等相关产业的发展，还为当地人提供了就业岗位。

文化交流：

泼水节是展现中国文化实力、促进中外文化交流的重要平台。作为中国少数民族的特色节庆，泼水节吸引了大量国外游客与文化学者前来参观考察，让世界更好地了解中国的多元文化。

===参考文献====

[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

[6]泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

===术语===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===问题===

1.When is the Water-Splashing Festival usually held?

2.What does “clean water”symbolize?

3.What are two different styles of water-splashing?

4.Besides splash water activities, what other activities are there during the Water-Splashing Festival?

5.What are the important significances of the Water-Splashing Festival?

===答案===

1.It is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar.

2.“Clean water” symbolizes purity, kindness and auspiciousness.

3.They are “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing”.

4.Dragon boat racing, Releasing Kongming lanterns, Ganbai market and throw the embroidered ball.

5.The festival plays an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injects vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

Uvu/index.php/User:Li Mengxia

2025-12-30T15:01:27Z

Li Mengxia: Created page with "==期末论文== ===Water-Splashing Festival=== The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religiou..."

==期末论文==

===Water-Splashing Festival===

The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year celebration of the Dai people. Originating in India, it was initially a religious ceremony of Brahmanism, later incorporated by Buddhism. Around the late 13th to early 14th centuries, the Water-Splashing Festival spread to the Dai regions of Yunnan province along with Buddhism. With the growing influence of Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the customs of the Water-Splashing Festival were preserved and developed. Now, this festival has become the most important traditional festival of the Dai people, and it is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar. The Water-Splashing Festival fully embodies the unique cultural character and spiritual essence of Dai culture, serving as a precious intangible cultural heritage within Chinese civilization.

====The Origin of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The most widely spread story about the origin of the Water-Splashing Festival is that there was once a cruel demon king whom everyone hated and wanted to kill, yet villagers were powerless against his boundless magical powers. Eventually, the demon king’s seventh wife devised a plan to kill him, but the demon king’s head burst into flames like a fireball, burning wherever his head rolled and wherever his blood dripped, so she picked up the demon king’s head and let the fire burn on her body. The other six wives also took turns holding the Demon King’s head. Seeing this, the local people splashed water on them to extinguish the flames. Later, to commemorate them, people began splashing water on each other during the New Year, cleansing themselves of impurities and exchanging blessings. This legend not only endows the Water-Splashing Festival with the cultural connotations of courage and justice, but also carries the aspirations of the Dai people for a better life, making it an important component of Chinese folk literature.

====The Activities of the Water-Splashing Festival====

The core activity of the Water-Splashing Festival is “splashing water for blessings.” In the early morning, people bring clean water and flowers to the temple. First, they hold a “Buddha Bathing Ceremony,” gently pouring water over the Buddha statue and then using flower petals dipped in water to anoint their foreheads, praying for the Buddha’s blessings. Then, the water-splashing activity began. People held basins, buckets and other tools, splashing water on each other while shouting auspicious blessings. Water splashing is divided into “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing.” Gentle splashing is the more traditional method, using a wooden basin filled with water and gently splashing it onto others with branches. Vigorous splashing involves filling a wooden basin with water and splashing it at once. Splashing water is not only a symbol of “washing away dirt and welcoming new life,” but also carries people’s best wishes for each other. Clean water represents purity, kindness, and auspiciousness, and splashing it on others means passing on good fortune and happiness. This activity breaks down barriers between people, promotes emotional exchanges between neighbors, relatives and friends, and even between different ethnic groups, and serves as an important link for maintaining internal ethnic unity and promoting ethnic integration.

Besides the splashing water activity, the Water-Splashing Festival also includes many other activities, each with its own unique significance. For example, in dragon boat racing, the team members wear uniforms and work together to row. “Dragon boat racing” is not only a way to inherit the fishing and hunting culture of the Dai people’s ancestors, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation’s spirit of “unity and cooperation, striving for excellence.” The cheers and encouragement from the people on both sides of the river during the race further enhance national cohesion. Another activity is “Releasing Kongming Lanterns.” As night falls, people light and release lanterns inscribed with wishes, symbolizing “sending away misfortune and welcoming hope,” and embodying people’s aspirations for a better life. “Ganbai Market” refers to temporary markets set up in various places during festivals to sell local delicacies, handicrafts, ethnic costumes, etc. The market is not only a place for the exchange of goods, but also a platform for cultural exchange. Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people, such as bamboo weaving, silver ornaments, and Dai brocade, are displayed and sold here, which not only preserves traditional skills but also promotes local economic development. In addition, there is the “throwing the embroidered ball” activity. This is a special game for unmarried young people of the Dai ethnic group. The “ball” is a token of love, crafted by Dai girls using floral fabric and filled with cotton seeds. During the throwing game, men and women stand in separate rows on the lawn. First, a woman throws the bag to a young man, who then throws it back to the women, thus conveying their feelings for each other.

====The Significance of the Water-Splashing Festival====

As an important part of China’s diverse culture, the Water-Splashing Festival has multiple values and significances, playing an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injecting vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

Cultural Inheritance

The Water-Splashing Festival showcases and preserves the traditional cultural elements of the Dai people, including their language, script, clothing, food, songs, dances, and handicrafts. For example, the display and sale of handicrafts such as Dai brocade and bamboo weaving at the market allow traditional skills to be preserved. Elders recount the legends and history of the Water-Splashing Festival to younger generations, ensuring the preservation of ethnic cultural history. In addition, the Water-Splashing Festival has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, and its function of cultural inheritance has been further strengthened through official protection and promotion.

Social Function

During the festival, people of all ethnicities and regions participate in the Water-Splashing activity together, which enhances mutual understanding and trust. For ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival is an important opportunity to maintain family ties and strengthen cohesion, with relatives and friends gathering and neighbors helping each other, creating a harmonious social atmosphere.

Economic Development

The Water-Splashing Festival has become an important engine for promoting the integrated development of local culture and tourism. In recent years, various regions in Yunnan have created a series of cultural and tourism products centered around the Water-Splashing Festival, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The arrival of tourists has not only driven the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, transportation, and shopping, but also provided employment opportunities for local people.

Cultural Exchange

The Water-Splashing Festival is an important platform for showcasing China’s cultural strength and promoting cultural exchange between China and other countries. As a distinctive festival of China’s ethnic minorities, the Water-Splashing Festival attracts a large number of foreign tourists and cultural scholars to visit and study, allowing the world to better understand China’s diverse culture.

===泼水节===

泼水节是傣族的新年，其起源可追溯至古印度，最初是婆罗门教的一项宗教仪式，后被佛教所吸纳。约在13世纪末至14世纪初，泼水节随佛教传播进入云南傣族区域。随着小乘佛教在傣族地区中的影响逐渐加深，泼水节的相关习俗也得以传承和发展。如今，这一节日已成为傣族最为重要的传统节日，通常在每年公历4月中旬前后举行。泼水节集中展现了傣族文化鲜明的特色与精神内涵，也是中华非物质文化遗产中的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的起源====

关于泼水节的起源，流传更为广泛的传说是：从前有一个非常凶残的魔王，人们都非常痛恨他、想要杀死他，却迫于他无边的法力而束手无策。后来，魔王的第七个妻子设计杀死了魔王，但魔王的头像火球一样燃了起来，头滚到哪里火就烧到哪里，污血滴到的地方也会燃烧起来。于是她便把魔王的头抱起来，让火在自己的身上燃烧。魔王的其他六个妻子也轮流抱住魔王的头。当地人见此情况便向她们身上泼水灭火。后来为了永远纪念她们，每逢新年人们便用水相泼，洗尘去污、互道祝福。这一传说不仅赋予了泼水节勇敢、正义的文化内涵，更承载了傣族先民对美好生活的向往，成为中华民族民间文学的重要组成部分。

====泼水节的活动====

泼水节的核心活动是“泼水祈福”。清晨，人们带清水与鲜花前往寺院，首先举行“浴佛仪式”，人们用清水轻轻浇灌佛像，再用花瓣蘸取清水涂抹在额头，祈求佛陀保佑。随后，泼水活动正式开始，人们手持水盆、水桶等工具，相互泼洒清水，口中呼喊着吉祥的祝福语。泼水分为“文泼”和“武泼”。文泼是比较传统的方式，用木盆装满清水，再用枝桠沾着水轻轻泼在别人身上。武泼是用木盆装满水，把一盆直接全部泼出去。泼水不仅是“洗去污秽、迎接新生”的象征，更承载着人们相互祝福的美好愿望。清水代表着纯洁、善良与吉祥，泼向他人意味着将好运与幸福传递出去。这一活动打破了人与人之间的隔阂，促进了邻里、亲友乃至不同民族之间的情感交流，是维系民族内部团结、促进民族融合的重要纽带。

除泼水活动外，泼水节还有多项活动，都有其独特意义。例如“赛龙舟”，参赛队员身着统一服饰，齐心协力划桨竞渡。赛龙舟不仅是对傣族先民渔猎文化的传承，更象征着中华民族“团结协作、奋勇争先”的精神，比赛过程中两岸群众的呐喊助威，进一步增强了民族凝聚力。还有“放孔明灯”，夜幕降临时，人们将写着美好愿望的孔明灯点燃放飞，寓意“送走厄运、迎来希望”，承载着人们对美好生活的向往。“赶摆集市”是指在节庆期间，各地会设立临时集市，售卖特色美食、手工艺品、民族服饰等，集市不仅是物资交换的场所，更是文化交流的平台，傣族的竹编、银饰、傣锦等传统手工艺品在此展示售卖，既传承了传统技艺，又促进了当地经济发展。除此以外，还有丢包活动。“ 丢包 ” 是傣族未婚青年的专场游戏，“包”是象征爱情的信物，由傣族姑娘用花布精心制作，内装棉籽。丢包时，男女在草坪上各站一排，先由傣族姑娘将包掷给小伙子，小伙子再掷给姑娘，并借此传递感情。

====泼水节的意义====

作为中国多元文化中的重要组成部分，泼水节具有多重价值意义，在文化传承、社会功能、经济带动、文化交流等方面发挥着重要的作用，为中华民族的文化繁荣与社会发展注入了活力。

文化传承：

泼水节通过节庆活动，展示并继承了傣族的语言、文字、服饰、饮食、歌舞、手工艺等传统文化元素。例如，傣锦、竹编等手工艺品在赶摆集市的展示与售卖，使得传统技艺得以延续；长辈向晚辈讲述泼水节的传说与历史，让民族文化的记忆得以留存。此外，泼水节已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，通过官方的保护与推广，进一步强化了其文化传承的功能。

社会功能：

节庆期间，人们不分民族、不分地域，共同参与泼水活动，在互动过程中增进了相互了解与信任。对于少数民族内部而言，泼水节是维系家族情感、强化凝聚力的重要契机，亲友团聚、邻里互助，形成了和谐融洽的社会氛围。

经济带动：

泼水节成为推动当地文旅融合发展的重要引擎。近年来，云南各地以泼水节为核心，打造了一系列文旅产品，吸引了大量国内外游客前往体验。游客的到来不仅带动了当地餐饮、住宿、交通、购物等相关产业的发展，还为当地人提供了就业岗位。

文化交流：

泼水节是展现中国文化实力、促进中外文化交流的重要平台。作为中国少数民族的特色节庆，泼水节吸引了大量国外游客与文化学者前来参观考察，让世界更好地了解中国的多元文化。

===参考文献====

[1]熊瑞. 傣族泼水节的文化内涵探析[J].武术研究,2018,3(09):124-126.DOI:10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.007404.

[2]张黎临. 西双版纳傣族“泼水节”的三个关键词——新年、泼水、浴佛[J].大众文艺,2014,(22):40-42.DOI:10.20112/j.cnki.issn1007-5828.2014.22.034.

[3]李佳芸瑞. 泼水节传统文化在傣族民族文化建设中的传承与发展[J].云南社会主义学院学报,2014,(04):420-421.

[4]吴凡,王亚琼,李竹清. 傣族泼水节的源与缘[J].黔南民族师范学院学报,2012,32(01):69-73.

[5]覃娜娜. 傣族的泼水节及其文化内涵探析[J].民族论坛,2009,(02):50-51.DOI:10.19683/j.cnki.mzlt.2009.02.020.

泼水节（少数民族节日）_百度百科

===术语===

Water-Splashing Festival 泼水节

Brahmanism 婆罗门教

Theravada Buddhism 小乘佛教

Buddha Bathing Ceremony 浴佛仪式

Gentle splashing 文泼

Vigorous splashing 武泼

Dragon boat racing 赛龙舟

===问题===

1.When is the Water-Splashing Festival usually held?

2.What does “clean water”symbolize?

3.What are two different styles of water-splashing?

4.Besides splash water activities, what other activities are there during the Water-Splashing Festival?

5.What are the important significances of the Water-Splashing Festival?

===答案===

1.It is usually held around mid-April in the solar calendar.

2.“Clean water” symbolizes purity, kindness and auspiciousness.

3.They are “gentle splashing” and “vigorous splashing”.

4.Dragon boat racing, Releasing Kongming lanterns, Ganbai market and throw the embroidered ball.

5.The festival plays an important role in cultural inheritance, social function, economic development, and cultural exchange, and injects vitality into the cultural prosperity and social development of the Chinese nation.

File:Chinese Names 2025.pptx

2025-12-18T09:41:02Z

Li Mengxia:

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-18T09:39:56Z

Li Mengxia: /* 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names [[Media:Chinese_Names_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花[[Media:The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen [[Media: Luosifen_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）[[Media: Tofu meatball with pig blood_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China [[media: The Four Great male Beauties in Ancient China.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜) [[media: Jiangxi Cuisine (gancai).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)[[media: Nail art.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
<span style="color:red">Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.</span>
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。