User:Liao Dan

2025-06-05T13:31:45Z

Liao Dan:

Stilted Building (Diaojiaolou)

1.Introduction

The stilted building(Chinese:吊脚楼；pinyin: Diaojiaolou), also known as a "hanging house," "raised dwelling," or "pile-dwelling" (ganlan-style architecture), is supported by thick wooden piles—its foundational stilts. It is a traditional residence of ethnic minorities in southern China, including the Tujia, Miao, Yao, Dong, and Buyi peoples, demonstrating their architectural ingenuity and cultural creativity.Stilted buildings are primarily distributed in northern Guangxi, western Hunan, western Hubei, southeastern Guizhou, and southeastern Chongqing. These regions have rugged terrain and a humid climate, prompting locals to follow the construction principle: "Build vertically rather than horizontally—adapting to the uneven terrain." Using locally sourced materials, they designed these structures with stepped layouts, intricate carvings, and a unique style that ensures ventilation, moisture resistance, summer cooling, and winter warmth (Huang Xin, 2024, (34)34-36).The most distinctive feature of stilted buildings is their elevation on wooden pillars. The ground level is typically left open or used for livestock and storage, while the living spaces are on the upper floors, protecting residents from dampness, wild animals, and floods.

2.The Name of the Stilted Building

The term "Diaojiaolou" (吊脚楼) vividly captures the structural essence of these stilted buildings. In Chinese, "diao" means "hanging", while "jiao" refers to the foundational wooden piles - the entire structure appears suspended in air. This distinctive nomenclature not only reflects its visual characteristics but embodies the vernacular wisdom in architectural naming.Historically known as "pile-dwellings (ganlan-style architecture)" across different regions, they are alternatively called "Ganlanwu" (干栏屋), where "gan" (干) in Zhuang language means "upper level" and "lan" (栏) signifies "dwelling", collectively translating to "the dwelling above". Other appellations include "raised dwellings" and "elevated houses". While terminologies vary, they uniformly describe dwellings with open ground levels and elevated living quarters (Yang Zhen, 2024, (06)44-46).

3.The History of the Stilted Building

The stilted building has a long history, with its origins traceable to ancient nest dwellings and the later developed ganlan-style architecture. Han Feizi's "Five Vermin" records China's "first cultural ancestor" Youchao Shi(有巢氏) constructing tree-top dwellings with branches to avoid predators, named "nest dwellings" for their resemblance to bird nests. Later, influenced by the southern natural conditions described as "no three consecutive sunny days, no three miles of flat land," people adapted this concept by developing elevated structures. Using wooden piles as foundations, they created raised building platforms through pile-binding techniques - erecting columns, beams, and roofs to form the characteristic ganlan-style architecture with open ground levels and elevated living quarters (Yang Zhen, 2024, (06)44-46). The earliest archaeological evidence comes from Hemudu Site in Yuyao, Zhejiang, where 7,000-year-old elevated wooden structures were discovered, considered prototypes of stilted buildings.Through historical development and population migration, stilted buildings became firmly established in southwestern China, evolving more complex forms. Particularly after Qin and Han dynasties, increased cultural exchange between southern ethnic groups and central plains civilizations led these structures to incorporate central Chinese architectural elements like dougong brackets, hanging ornaments, and wood carvings - blending functionality with aesthetics. During Ming and Qing dynasties, with the establishment of the Tusi system and stabilization of Miao territories, stilted buildings became the predominant residential form in ethnic minority regions and gradually standardized their architectural patterns.

4.Architectural Structure of the Stilted Building

The structural design of stilted buildings fully embodies harmonious coexistence with the natural environment. Typically constructed along riverbanks or hillsides, these buildings utilize elevation differences through cantilevered designs, employing suspended foundations and elevated structures to develop vertically, minimizing direct contact with uneven terrain. Furthermore, techniques like split-leveling and staggered flooring adapt to topographic variations, reducing environmental disruption while allowing the base structure to conform to land contours. This adaptive approach stems from an intuitive interpretation of natural conditions - the flexible supporting piles of stilted buildings neutralize terrain disadvantages, enabling construction unrestricted by mountainous landscapes.In regions where stilted buildings are prevalent - characterized by humid climates and historically frequent encounters with venomous snakes and wild animals - the elevated design not only enhances ventilation and moisture resistance but also improves residential safety (Wang J & Zakaria A S, 2025, 15(1):119-119).Regarding spatial configuration, stilted buildings are usually attached to main structures, occasionally extending from both sides. Supported by several wooden piles with elevated ground levels, the base may either remain open or be enclosed as storage spaces for provisions or livestock pens. The second floor serves as living quarters, traditionally housing unmarried family members - particularly daughters - functionally equivalent to the embroidered chambers (xiulou绣楼) in Han Chinese residential architecture (Gao Qi, 2011, (05)99-103).

[[File:Architectural Structure.png]]

5.Cultural Significance of the Stilted Building

Stilted buildings are not merely residential structures but living embodiment of cultural expression, carrying the rich spiritual world and social order of ethnic minorities.First, in settlements of the Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups, stilted buildings are typically clustered by kinship, forming organic village networks. The small courtyards in front and open spaces beneath the buildings serve as play areas for children and vital communal spaces for neighborly interaction and festive gatherings. During traditional festivals like the Miao New Year, Lusheng Festival, and Dong New Year, people perform dances, antiphonal singing, and rituals around stilted buildings, making them living sites of cultural practice and transmission (Chao Chenglin, 2024, (07):125).Second, stilted buildings are important vessels of spiritual beliefs. For example, Tujia villages enshrine their common ancestors—Peng Shichou, Xiang Laoguanren, and Tian Haohan—as deities in their "Tuwang Shrines." These ancestor-gods represent both the spiritual faith and cultural identity of the Tujia people in western Hunan.Additionally, stilted buildings preserve ethnic crafts and oral traditions. Their construction, decoration, and daily use incorporate intangible cultural heritage such as carpentry techniques, brocade embroidery, traditional ballads, and folktales. For instance, the Dong Grand Song and Miao love songs performed in these structures exemplify the natural flow of oral traditions through architectural space.Today, many stilted buildings have been integrated into cultural tourism and heritage protection systems, becoming vital showcases of ethnic culture (Hu Ming & Meng Zimeng, 2022, (02):94-96).

[[File:Cultural Significance.jpeg]]

Terms and Expressions

pile-dwelling (ganlan-style architecture)干栏式建筑

raised dwelling高脚屋

harmonious coexistence between humans and nature人与自然和谐共生

nest dwellings巢居

dougong brackets斗拱

Tusi system土司制度

Miao territories苗疆地区

cantilevered structure悬挑结构

embroidered chambers (xiulou)绣楼闺房

Lusheng Festival芦笙节

antiphonal singing对歌

Tuwang Shrine土王祠

carpentry techniques木工技艺

brocade embroidery织锦刺绣

Questions

1.What are the alternative names for stilted buildings?

2.In which regions are stilted buildings primarily distributed?

3.What are the most distinctive features of stilted buildings? 4.What is the typical use of the ground level?

5.How does the architectural design of stilted buildings reflect harmonious coexistence with the natural environment?

6.What roles do stilted buildings play in the settlements of the Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups?

7.What was the developmental status of stilted buildings during the Ming and Qing dynasties?

8.What are the main reasons for adopting cantilevered structures and elevated designs in stilted buildings?

9.Apart from stilted buildings, can you name other distinctive architectural styles?

10.What are the similarities and differences between stilted buildings and central plains architecture?

References

[1]Wang J ,Zakaria A S .Morphological Characteristics and Sustainable Adaptive Reuse Strategies of Regional Cultural Architecture: A Case Study of Fenghuang Ancient Town, Xiangxi, China [J].Buildings, 2025,15(1):119-119.

[2]Huang Xin黄信.(2024)鄂西土家族吊脚楼建筑艺术特色研究——以蒋家花园为例[A Study on the Architectural Artistic Features of Tujia Stilted Buildings in Western Hubei: A Case Study of Jiang Family Garden].[J].新楚文化New Chu Culture,(34):34-36.

[3]Yang Zhen杨振.(2024)吊脚楼,山水间的民族智慧[Stilted Buildings: Ethnic Wisdom in Mountainous Landscapes].[J].光明少年Bright Youth,(06):44-46.

[4]Gao Qi高琦.(2011)解读湘西传统民居所承载的文化内涵——以凤凰古城为例[Interpreting the Cultural Connotations of Traditional Dwellings in Western Hunan: A Case Study of Fenghuang Ancient Town].[J].建筑与文化Architecture & Culture,(05):99-103.

[5]Hu Ming,Meng ZiMeng胡明,孟子萌.(2022)湘西土家族吊脚楼建筑的文化内涵[The Cultural Significance of Tujia Stilted Buildings in Western Hunan].[J].艺海Arts Sea,(02):94-96.

[6]Chao ChengLin晁成林.(2024)《土家族吊脚楼建筑艺术与文化》:土家族吊脚楼建筑文化的艺术人类学阐释[Tujia Stilted Building Architecture and Culture: An Anthropological Interpretation of Tujia Stilted Building Culture].[J].建筑学报Architectural Journal,(07):125.

吊脚楼
1.介绍

吊脚楼又称“吊楼”“高脚屋”或“干栏式建筑”，“脚”其实是几根支撑楼体的粗大木桩。吊脚楼是土家族、苗族、瑶族、侗族、布依族等中国南方少数民族的传统民居，其独特的建筑风格和布局方式充分展示了民族智慧和创造力。吊脚楼主要分布在桂北、湘西、鄂西、黔东南及渝东南等地区。这些地方地势崎岖，气候潮湿，当地居民秉持“借天不借地，天平地不平”的营造理念，就地取材、因地制宜，建造出一栋栋布局错落有致、雕刻装饰精美、建筑风格独特且通风防潮、避暑御寒的吊脚楼。(黄信，2024，(34)34-36)其最显著的特点是用数根立柱将楼房架起，底层通常空置或作为牲畜圈养和储物空间，而人居部分设置于二层及以上，以避潮湿、野兽和洪水之害。

2.吊脚楼的名字

“吊脚楼”这一名称，形象地揭示了这种建筑的结构特征。汉语中的“吊”意指悬空，“脚”则是指建筑所依赖的木柱支撑，整个“楼”仿佛“吊”在空中一般。这种独特的称呼不仅来自外观特征，更深层次地体现了民族民间对这种建筑的命名智慧。从古至今，在不同方言区或民族语言中，吊脚楼也称作“干栏屋”，“干栏”一词用壮族的语言翻译，“干”有“上面”的意思，“栏”是“房屋”的意思，合起来就是“上面的房子”。另外，其还有“高脚屋”“架空房”等不同称呼，虽名称有异，但所指之物大体一致，皆指楼下架空、楼上人居的民居样式。(杨振，2024，(06)44-46)

3.吊脚楼的历史

吊脚楼的历史由来已久，其起源可追溯到古代的巢居以及后期形成的干栏式建筑。《韩非子·五蠹》中曾记载华夏“第一人文始祖”有巢氏在树木上用树枝搭架而居以避禽兽虫害的情景，因其类似飞禽动物的筑巢故名“巢居”。后来，南方地区的人们受“天无三日晴，地无三里平”的自然条件影响，继承和发展了巢居的理念，以桩木为基础，建造高于地面的建筑基座，以桩柱绑扎的方式立柱、架梁、盖顶，营造出底层架空、上层住人的建筑，这就是干栏式建筑，即吊脚楼。(杨振，2024，(06)44-46)最早的考古证据来自浙江余姚的河姆渡遗址，该地发现了距今7000年的高架木结构住宅，这被认为是吊脚楼原始形态的雏形。随着历史的发展和人口迁徙的演变，吊脚楼逐渐在中国西南部扎根，并演化出更为复杂多样的建筑形式。特别是在秦汉之后，南方民族与中原王朝的交流日益频繁，吊脚楼在保持原有实用性的同时，也开始吸收中原建筑的一些元素，如斗拱、挂落、木雕装饰等，使其兼具功能性与审美性。明清时期，随着土司制度的确立和苗疆地区的基本稳定，吊脚楼成为少数民族聚居区的普遍住宅形式，并逐渐定型。

4.吊脚楼的建筑结构

吊脚楼的建筑结构设计充分考虑了其与自然环境的和谐共生。吊脚楼通常建在河边或山坡上，利用地形的高低差，采用悬挑结构设计，通过吊脚、架空等方式，尽量向上部、空中发展，以减少与起伏地面的直接接触。此外，还采用错层、掉层等手法，顺应地势变化，减少对地形的破坏，建筑底部也会随地形起伏做相应调整。这样的结构源于对自然条件的本能解读，吊脚楼通过自身灵活的支脚来化解地形上的不利条件，使房屋建设不受山势限制，灵活多变。此外，吊脚楼建筑分布的地区多气候湿润，且过去常有毒蛇、猛兽出没，因此房屋架空设计不仅有利于通风防潮，也提高了居住的安全性。(Wang J , Zakaria A S，2025,15(1):119-119)在布局方面，吊脚楼多建于正屋一侧，少数情况下则在两侧同时出挑建楼。吊脚楼由几根木柱支撑而起，底层架空，或砌墙围合成仓库、储藏室，也可用来堆放粮草或圈养牛羊；二层为居住空间，多为家中未婚者居住，尤其是未婚女儿，相当于汉族传统民居中的绣楼闺房。(高琦，2011，(05)99-103)

[[File:Architectural Structure.png]]

5.吊脚楼的文化内涵

吊脚楼不仅是一种民居建筑，更是一种活态的文化表达载体，承载着少数民族丰富的精神世界与社会秩序。首先，在苗族、侗族等民族聚落中，吊脚楼常常聚族而建，形成自然的村落网络。楼前的小坪、楼下的空地，既是儿童嬉戏的场所，也是邻里交流、节庆集会的重要场域。在传统节日如苗年、芦笙节、侗年节中，人们会在吊脚楼周围举行舞蹈、对歌、祭祀等仪式，使吊脚楼成为民族文化的发生地与传承地。(晁成林，2024,(07):125)其次，吊脚楼也是精神信仰的重要载体。例如土家族各寨的土王祠都供奉着土家族的共祖彭士愁、向老官人和田好汉，他们已成为神灵的祖先。湘西土家族把它们视为神来供奉；它们既是土家族的精神信仰，也是民族文化的承载。此外，吊脚楼还是民族手工艺和口头传统的保存地。在其建造、装饰与使用过程中，包含了木工技艺、织锦刺绣、传统歌谣、民间故事等多种非物质文化遗产。例如，在吊脚楼中举行的“侗族大歌”“苗族情歌”等，便是口头传统在空间中的自然流转。如今，许多吊脚楼已被纳入文旅开发与文化遗产保护体系，成为展示民族文化的重要窗口。(胡明、孟子萌，2022，(02):94-96)

[[File:Cultural Significance.jpeg]]

术语与表达

干栏式建筑

高脚屋

人与自然和谐共生

巢居

斗拱

土司制度

苗疆地区

悬挑结构

绣楼闺房

芦笙节

对歌

土王祠

木工技艺

织锦刺绣

问题

1.吊脚楼有哪些别称？

2.吊脚楼主要分布在哪些地区？

3.吊脚楼的显著特点是什么？底层通常有什么用途？

4.吊脚楼的建筑结构设计如何体现与自然环境的和谐共生？

5.在苗族、侗族等民族聚落中，吊脚楼有什么作用？

6.明清时期，吊脚楼的发展状况如何？

7.吊脚楼采用悬挑结构和架空设计的主要原因是什么？

8.除了吊脚楼，你能否说出其他有特色的建筑?

9.吊脚楼与中原建筑有什么相同和不同之处?

参考文献

[1]Wang J ,Zakaria A S .Morphological Characteristics and Sustainable Adaptive Reuse Strategies of Regional Cultural Architecture: A Case Study of Fenghuang Ancient Town, Xiangxi, China[J].Buildings,2025,15(1):119-119.

[2]黄信.鄂西土家族吊脚楼建筑艺术特色研究——以蒋家花园为例[J].新楚文化,2024,(34):34-36.DOI:10.20133/j.cnki.CN42-1932/G1.2024.34.009.

[3]杨振.吊脚楼,山水间的民族智慧[J].光明少年,2024,(06):44-46.

[4]高琦.解读湘西传统民居所承载的文化内涵——以凤凰古城为例[J].建筑与文化,2011,(05):99-103.

[5]胡明,孟子萌.湘西土家族吊脚楼建筑的文化内涵[J].艺海,2022,(02):94-96.

[6]晁成林.《土家族吊脚楼建筑艺术与文化》:土家族吊脚楼建筑文化的艺术人类学阐释[J].建筑学报,2024,(07):125.

2025-03-14T07:19:00Z

Liao Dan: /* Homework for Session 2 */

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-03-14T07:16:47Z

Liao Dan: /* Homework for Session 2 */

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-03-14T07:07:15Z

Liao Dan: /* Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */

Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025

2025-02-23T14:47:02Z

Liao Dan: /* Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture */

[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!

=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

[[File:Example.jpg]]==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 (Duan Binyao)

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 (Duan Binyao)

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423（Chen Lin）

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456(Liu peini)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Zeng Zhi）

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 （Luo Jiaxin）

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 (Tao Yao)

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 (Huang Qiaoqiao)

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 (Tao Yao)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 （Ou Huang）

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845 (Chen Zhen)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) 1845 （Ou Huang）

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=
端午节5月31日——6月2日
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]