China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

User talk:Liao Ruting

2025-12-31T15:21:32Z

Liao Ruting: Created page with "My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing..."

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)

2.Sacrifice / Worship

3.Glutinous Rice

4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)

5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?

2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?

3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?

4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?

5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.

2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.

3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."

4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are:
① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break.
② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck.
③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability.
④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.

5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration.
② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots.
③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊

2.祭祀

3.糯米饭

4.绣球

5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？

2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？

3.“歌圩”是什么意思？

4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？

5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。

2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。

3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。

4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破

②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运

③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力

④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装

5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。

②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。

③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Main Page

2025-12-31T12:41:44Z

Liao Ruting:

Main Page

2025-12-31T06:21:59Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====
In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)

2.Sacrifice / Worship

3.Glutinous Rice

4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)

5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?

2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?

3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?

4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?

5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.

2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.

3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."

4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are:
① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break.
② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck.
③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability.
④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.

5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration.
② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots.
③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊

2.祭祀

3.糯米饭

4.绣球

5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？

2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？

3.“歌圩”是什么意思？

4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？

5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。

2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。

3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。

4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装

5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Main Page

2025-12-31T06:21:02Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

=====Conclusion====
In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)

2.Sacrifice / Worship

3.Glutinous Rice

4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)

5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?

2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?

3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?

4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?

5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.

2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.

3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."

4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are:
① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break.
② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck.
③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability.
④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.

5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration.
② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots.
③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊

2.祭祀

3.糯米饭

4.绣球

5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？

2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？

3.“歌圩”是什么意思？

4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？

5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。

2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。

3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。

4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装

5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Talk:Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-30T01:24:49Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Zhuang Ethnic Minority Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)

2.Sacrifice / Worship

3.Glutinous Rice

4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)

5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?

2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?

3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?

4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?

5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.

2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.

3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."

4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are: ① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break. ② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck. ③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability. ④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.

5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration. ② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots. ③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊
2.祭祀
3.糯米饭
4.绣球
5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？
2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？
3.“歌圩”是什么意思？
4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？
5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。
2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。
3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。
4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装
5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Talk:Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-30T01:23:30Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Zhuang Ethnic Minority Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)
2.Sacrifice / Worship
3.Glutinous Rice
4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)
5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?
2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?
3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?
4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?
5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.
2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.
3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."
4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are: ① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break. ② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck. ③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability. ④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.
5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration. ② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots. ③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊
2.祭祀
3.糯米饭
4.绣球
5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？
2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？
3.“歌圩”是什么意思？
4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？
5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。
2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。
3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。
4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装
5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Talk:Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-30T01:22:15Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.

[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.

[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.

[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.

[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.

[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.

[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)
2.Sacrifice / Worship
3.Glutinous Rice
4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)
5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?
2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?
3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?
4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?
5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.
2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.
3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."
4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are: ① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break. ② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck. ③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability. ④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.
5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration. ② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots. ③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊
2.祭祀
3.糯米饭
4.绣球
5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？
2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？
3.“歌圩”是什么意思？
4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？
5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。
2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。
3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。
4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装
5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Talk:Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-30T01:18:53Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)
2.Sacrifice / Worship
3.Glutinous Rice
4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)
5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?
2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?
3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?
4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?
5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.
2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.
3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."
4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are: ① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break. ② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck. ③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability. ④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.
5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration. ② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots. ③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊
2.祭祀
3.糯米饭
4.绣球
5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？
2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？
3.“歌圩”是什么意思？
4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？
5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。
2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。
3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。
4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装
5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

Talk:Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-30T01:17:32Z

Liao Ruting:

My name is Liaoruting, I am from Guigang, Guangxi. I studied Korean language at Yanbian University for my undergraduate degree. Currently, I am a graduate student specializing in Korean translation at Hunan Normal University. I have a solid grasp of language theories and translation practices, and I am willing to contribute professional strength to the cultural exchanges between the two countries.

==Final Exam Paper==

===Zhuang People's San Yue San (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month)===

====Introduction====

The Shangsi Festival is one of China's ancient festivals. Commonly known as "San Yue San" (Third Day of the Third Lunar Month), it was historically called the Shangsi Festival and also known as the Spring Bathing Day. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Shangsi Festival was changed to the third day of the third lunar month; later generations followed this custom, and it became a festival for feasting by the water and spring outings in the suburbs. After the Song Dynasty, the festival gradually vanished, but in regions like Guangxi, the tradition of celebrating "San Yue San" is still preserved today. Nowadays, "San Yue San" is a traditional festival of the Zhuang people and is listed in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. In Guangxi, the Zhuang people affectionately call it the "Song Festival" or "Song Fair Festival" (Gexu Festival). On this day, the Zhuang people worship their ancestors, sing and dance, and look for their destined partners. "San Yue San" is not only a grand banquet in spring but also a brilliant blooming of Zhuang culture.

====The Origin of the Festival: Animism and the Praise of Life====

The embryonic form of the Zhuang people's San Yue San can be traced back to the Han people's Shangsi Festival, anciently called "Spring Bathing Day" or "Fuxi Festival" (Purification Festival). It was first recorded in the Rites of Zhou and was an ancient festival in the Central Plains for sacrificial purification and riverside banquets. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was gradually fixed on the third day of the third lunar month, featuring customs like "Qu Shui Liu Shang" (floating wine cups along a winding stream) and "Ta Qing You Chun" (spring outings). After the Song Dynasty, the Shangsi Festival in the Central Plains gradually declined, though customs of dispelling disasters and warding off evil on the third day of the third month remained in various parts of China during the Republic of China era. Thereafter, the three festivals of "Cold Food," "Qingming," and "Shangsi" showed a tendency to merge, eventually resulting in "Shangsi" and "Cold Food" being incorporated into "Qingming." Today, the Shangsi Festival is little known in most parts of China, but for some ethnic minorities in Southwest China, it remains a solemn and grand festival.
This festival custom spread to the Lingnan region with the migration of ethnic groups and merged deeply with the indigenous culture of the Zhuang people. The core cultural essence of the Zhuang San Yue San stems from the ethnic group's worship of Buluotuo (the creation ancestor) and Muluoja (the mother goddess). According to the Zhuang ancient text Buluotuo Scriptures, the third day of the third month is the birthday of Buluotuo. On this day, the Zhuang ancestors would worship the first ancestor, praying for favorable weather and the proliferation of the tribe. This belief transformed San Yue San from a simple seasonal folk custom into a cultural festival carrying the historical memory of the ethnic group. It can be said that the devout beliefs of the ancestors constructed a rich and profound cultural connotation and spiritual background for the formation and inheritance of San Yue San.

====The Core of the Festival: Conveying Feelings through Song====

The Song Fair Festival (Gexu Festival): "Ge" refers to folk songs (mountain songs), and "Xu" refers to a market. People singing folk songs in antiphonal style at the market is the soul that makes this festival vivid and alive.
Regarding the origin of the Song Fair, there are many interesting legends among the folk, among which the story of Liu Sanjie is widely circulated. Liu Sanjie, revered as the "Song God" or "Song Fairy," often used folk songs to praise labor and love while profoundly exposing the crimes of the rich landlords. On the third day of the third lunar month one year, while Liu Sanjie was cutting firewood on the mountain, a landlord sent men to cut the mountain vines, causing her to fall from the cliff to her death. To commemorate this Song Fairy, later generations gathered to sing on this day, and thus the Song Fair was formed.
In local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as the Guangxi General Chronicle), it is recorded that in the Zhuang areas of Guangxi, "On the third day of the third month, men and women gather to sing for pleasure." By this time, San Yue San had become a "Song Fair Festival" for conveying emotions and narrating events through song. After the Republic of China era, this custom continued to be passed down in Zhuang-inhabited areas. In 1984, Guangxi officially designated San Yue San as a traditional festival for the Zhuang people, and in 2014, its folk activities were included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
In the past, young Zhuang men and women often used the Song Fair on San Yue San as a social occasion to meet the opposite sex. Impromptu folk songs served as the bond and bridge for them to meet, inquire, praise, and pledge their love. In addition, the content of the antiphonal songs was not limited to love songs but also covered current politics, life, and other aspects. The content was all-encompassing: historical legends, life wisdom, and production knowledge; these contents tested the knowledge reserves and reaction capabilities of the singers. Nowadays, Song Fairs in areas like Wuming and Jingxi in Guangxi still retain the folk tradition of singing across mountains.

====The Colors of the Festival: Delicacies on the Tongue, Brocade at the Fingertips====

San Yue San features rhythmic and lively songs, as well as its own unique and distinct material cultural symbols.
1.Five-colored Glutinous Rice: This is the traditional festive food of San Yue San. People use plants like maple leaves, red-blue grass, and yellow ginger to dye glutinous rice into five colors: black, yellow, red, purple, and white. Glutinous rice soaked in plant juices and steamed in this way is not only brightly colored and fragrant but also highly appetizing. The Zhuang people believe that five-colored glutinous rice symbolizes happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck, embodying people's simple pursuit of a happy life and abundant harvests. In addition, people use five-colored glutinous rice to entertain distinguished guests or as one of the offerings for ancestor worship.
2.Painted Eggs: People dye boiled chicken or duck eggs into bright red or purple. Children play a game called "Egg Knocking" (Peng Caidan); the winner is the one whose eggshell remains unbroken after the collision. People regard this as a beautiful symbol of peace and good luck.
3.Embroidered Balls (Xiuqiu): Beautiful Zhuang brocade is woven into exquisite embroidered balls; soft embroidered balls create destined matches. The embroidered ball is a token of love and a mascot for the Zhuang people. During San Yue San, girls throw their carefully made embroidered balls. If their beloved catches it steadily, a beautiful relationship begins. Amidst historical changes, the past activity of throwing embroidered balls for betrothal has evolved into an interesting sports activity within Guangxi today.

====The Activities of the Festival: Rich Activities, Dynamic Inheritance====

During the San Yue San festival, besides antiphonal singing and throwing embroidered balls, there are other lively and interesting folk activities.
1.Snatching Firecrackers (Qiang Huapao): This is one of the important traditional festival activities of the Zhuang people. In the activity, people place a firecracker ring (Huapao) containing colorful confetti and small gifts. When the cannon sounds, people compete to snatch it. The person who snatches it receives rewards and blessings from the crowd.
2.Beating the Shoulder Pole / Bamboo Pole Dance: This is a traditional dance of the Zhuang people. The crowd holds shoulder poles and strikes them against each other, or opens and closes bamboo poles. Dancers jump and weave through the rhythm. The scene is extremely lively, and the atmosphere is cheerful and enthusiastic.
3.Displaying Zhuang Costumes: Zhuang women wear their most gorgeous and exquisite traditional Zhuang costumes on this day, wearing shining silver ornaments on their heads, proudly displaying exquisite Zhuang brocade and excellent craftsmanship.

====The Evolution of the Festival: From a Single Ethnic Celebration to a Regional Shared Gala====

With the passage of time, the "San Yue San" festival has undergone many changes that conform to the trends of the times.
1.Statutory Holiday: Since 2014, Guangxi has designated "Zhuang San Yue San" as a public holiday for the entire region, usually arranging a two-day compensatory leave, allowing people to devote themselves wholeheartedly to this grand festival.
2.Diversification of Content: Festival activities have expanded from traditional rural Song Fairs to city squares, scenic spots, and campuses. The content of activities has also been greatly enriched, forming a comprehensive cultural gathering integrating ethnic song and dance performances, intangible cultural heritage displays, sports competitions, food markets, and tourism promotion.
3.Sharing and Fusion: Today's "San Yue San" is not a festival exclusive to the Zhuang people, but a festive occasion celebrated jointly by the Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, and other ethnic groups in Guangxi.

=====Conclusion====

In short, the Zhuang "San Yue San" is a festival rich in connotation and full of vitality. It is like a folk song that can never be finished; within the ancient main melody, new notes of the era are constantly integrated, radiating vigorous vitality year after year on the land of Guangxi.

===References===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===Terminology===

1.Fuxi (Purification Rituals)
2.Sacrifice / Worship
3.Glutinous Rice
4.Embroidered Ball (Xiuqiu)
5.Firecracker (Huapao)

===Questions===

1.Why has Guangxi's "San Yue San" become a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?
2.Why do people make Five-colored Glutinous Rice during the "San Yue San" festival?
3.What does "Song Fair" (Ge Xu) mean?
4.What interesting activities are there during "San Yue San"?
5.What are the differences between the current "San Yue San" and the past?

===Answers===

1.Because the "San Yue San" festival includes unique Zhuang traditions such as antiphonal singing, making five-colored glutinous rice, and throwing embroidered balls. These customs have been passed down for hundreds of years, reflecting the life wisdom and ethnic cultural characteristics of the Zhuang people. In order to protect these precious traditional cultures, the state listed them in the Intangible Cultural Heritage directory.
2.Five-colored glutinous rice is not only beautiful and delicious but also holds beautiful meanings. The five colors symbolize happiness, beauty, harmony, auspiciousness, and good luck respectively. By making and sharing five-colored glutinous rice, the Zhuang people express their expectations for a harvest and their yearning for a better life. At the same time, it is also an important food for worshipping ancestors and entertaining guests.
3."Song Fair" (Ge Xu) means "Market for Singing." "Xu" means market in the local dialect. On the day of "San Yue San," people gather together to sing folk songs in antiphonal style, so it is called a "Song Fair."
4.Besides antiphonal singing, there are: ① Egg Knocking: Children knock dyed eggs against each other to see whose egg doesn't break. ② Snatching Firecrackers: Like a sports competition, everyone competes for the firecracker ring; the person who snatches it gets good luck. ③ Bamboo Pole Dance: Dancing within the rhythm of opening and closing bamboo poles, which tests reaction ability. ④ Wearing Ethnic Clothing: Many people put on beautiful traditional Zhuang costumes.
5.① Time off: Since 2014, the whole region of Guangxi has had a holiday during "San Yue San," allowing more people to participate in the celebration. ② More locations: Expanded from original mountain villages and fields to city squares, schools, and scenic spots. ③ More participants: It is not only celebrated by Zhuang people; friends from other ethnic groups also participate, turning it into a festival shared by everyone.

==期末论文==

===壮族三月三===

====引言====

上巳节，为中华古老节日之一。俗称三月三，古称上巳节，又叫三月三、春浴日。魏晋以后，上巳节改为三月三，后代沿袭，遂成水边饮宴、郊外游春的节日。到了宋代以后，该节日逐渐销声匿迹，但在我国广西等地区，至今仍然保留着过“三月三”的传统。现如今“三月三”是壮族人民的传统节日，更是国家级非物质文化遗产名录之一。在广西，壮族人民亲切地称呼其为“歌节”或者是“歌圩节”。每到这一天，壮族人民都会祭祀祖先，载歌载舞，并寻找属于自己的命定伴侣。“三月三”不仅是春日里的一场盛大宴会，更是壮乡文化之花的灿烂绽放。

====节日的起源: 万物有灵，礼赞生命====

壮族三月三的雏形可追溯至汉族的上巳节，古称“春浴日”“祓禊节”，最早载于《周礼》，是中原地区祭祀祓禊、水边宴饮的古老节日，魏晋后逐渐固定在三月初三，有“曲水流觞”“踏青游春”等习俗。宋代后中原上巳节逐渐式微，而到民国时期，中国各地还留有三月三消灾除凶的风俗。此后，“寒食”“清明”“上巳”三节呈现合并趋向，最终“上巳”“寒食”两节并入“清明”。如今，在中国大部分地区上巳节已经鲜为人知，但对于中国西南地区的一些少数民族的人们来说上巳节仍是一个隆重而盛大的节日。
这一节日习俗随民族迁徙传入岭南，与壮族本土文化深度融合。壮族三月三的核心文化内核，源于本民族对布洛陀（创世始祖）和姆洛甲（母神）的崇拜。据壮族古籍《布洛陀经诗》记载，三月三是布洛陀诞辰之日，壮族先民会在这一天祭祀始祖，祈求风调雨顺、族群繁衍，这一信仰使三月三从单纯的节气民俗，演变为承载民族历史记忆的文化节日。可以说先民们的忠诚信仰为三月三的形成与传承构筑了丰富深厚的文化内涵与精神底色。

====节日的核心: 以歌为媒，传送心意====

歌圩节，其中歌指的是山歌，而圩指的是集市。人们在集市上山歌对唱，便是让这节日生动鲜活起来的灵魂。
关于歌圩的来历,在民间有许多有趣的传说，而其中关于刘三姐的故事流传甚广。被奉为“歌神”或“歌仙”的刘三姐经常用山歌颂劳动和爱情，同时也深刻揭露财主们的罪恶。有一年的农历三月初三，刘三姐在山上砍柴时，财主派人砍断了山藤,造成她坠崖身亡。后人为了纪念这位歌仙,便在这天聚会唱歌，歌圩就此形成。
而在明清时期的地方志（如《广西通志》）中记载，广西壮族地区“三月初三，男女聚会，歌唱为乐”，此时三月三已成为以歌传情、以歌叙事的“歌圩节”。民国后，这一习俗在壮族聚居区持续传承，1984年广西正式将三月三定为壮族传统节日，2014年其民俗活动列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录。
在过去，壮族的青年男女们常常将三月三那一天的歌圩作为认识异性的社交场合，即兴编唱的山歌是他们相识、探问、赞美、定情的纽带和桥梁。此外，对唱的山歌内容不仅仅局限于情歌，还有关于时政、生活等各方面的。其内容包罗万象：历史传说，生活智慧、生产知识，这些内容无一不考验着对唱者的知识储备和反应能力。现如今，广西武鸣、靖西等一带的歌圩，仍旧保留着隔山对唱的民俗传统。

====节日的色彩：舌尖美味，指尖锦绣====

三月三有节奏灵动的歌曲，也有属于自己的独特鲜明的物质文化符号。
1.五色糯米饭：这是三月三的传统节庆食物，人们会用枫叶、红蓝草、黄姜等植物将糯米饭染成黑、黄、红、紫、白五种颜色，这样用植物汁液浸泡和蒸熟的糯米饭不仅色泽艳丽，清香扑鼻，还会让人食指大动。‘壮族人民认为五色糯米饭象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥、如意，包含着人们对于幸福生活和五谷丰登的朴实追求。此外，人们还会用五色糯米饭用来招待尊贵的客人、或者用其作为祭扫先祖的供品之一。
2.彩蛋：人们会将煮熟的鸡鸭蛋染成鲜亮的红色或是紫色，小孩子们会玩一种叫做“碰彩蛋”的游戏，相碰情况下蛋壳完整不破者为胜者，人们将其视作平安好运的美好象征。
3.绣球：秀丽的壮锦编织成精致的绣球，柔软的绣球成就一段段天定良缘。绣球是壮族的定情信物和吉祥物。在三月三期间，女孩子们会抛出自己精心制作的绣球，若意中人稳稳接住，一段美好的缘分将就此开启。而在历史的不断变迁中，以往的抛绣球定亲活动演变为了如今广西区内一项有趣的体育活动。

====节日的活动：丰富活动，动态传承====

在三月三节日期间，除了山歌对唱，抛绣球，还有一些热闹有趣的民俗活动。
1.抢花炮：这是壮族重要的传统节日活动之一。活动中，人们会放置装有五彩纸屑和小礼物的花炮，当炮声响起，人们会争相抢夺，抢到的人能获得奖励和众人的祝福。
2.打扁担/竹竿舞：这是壮族的传统舞蹈。众人手持扁担互相敲击，或者分合竹竿，伴随着节奏跳跃穿梭，长眠热闹非凡，气氛欢快热烈。
3.展示壮族服饰：壮族的女性们会在这一天穿上最为华丽精美的壮族传统服饰，头戴闪亮的银饰，骄傲地展示着精致的壮锦和优秀的制作工艺。

====节日的演变：从单一民族节庆到区域共享盛典 ====

随着时间的变化，“三月三”节日发生了诸多顺应时代潮流的转变。
1. 法定假日：2014年起，广西将“壮族三月三”设为全区公众假日，并通常安排为期两天的调休，人们因此能全身心地投入到这场盛大的节日中。
2. 内容多元化：节日活动从传统的乡村歌圩，大规模扩展到城市广场、景区、校园。活动内容也极大丰富，形成了集民族歌舞汇演、非遗展示、体育竞赛、美食集市、旅游推广于一体的综合性文化盛会。
3. 共享与融合：如今的“三月三”不是独属于壮族的节日，更是广西汉、瑶、苗、侗等各个民族共同庆祝的佳节。

====结语====

总之，壮族“三月三”是一个内涵丰富、充满活力的节日。它就像一首永远唱不完的山歌，古老的主旋律中，不断融入新时代的音符，在八桂大地上，年年岁岁，焕发着蓬勃的生命力。

===参考文献===

[1]黄秋红.基于教育视角的壮族歌圩文化家庭传承研究[D].云南师范大学,2021.DOI:10.27459/d.cnki.gynfc.2021.000241.
[2]闫雪梅. 广西少数民族地区植物染研学旅行课程设计与开发[J].歌海,2021,(03):80-84.
[3]李雨濛.布依族“三月三”音乐文化传承研究[D].贵州师范大学,2020.DOI:10.27048/d.cnki.ggzsu.2020.000504.
[4]张萍,王溯,杨海晨. 少数民族民间体育节事的发展——以广西马山县壮族会鼓文化节为例[J].社会科学家,2018,(11):156-160.
[5]王曼.中国传统节日与祖先崇拜论析[D].中南民族大学,2018.
[6]阮茉莉. 广西民族传统节日文化传承与发展研究——以“壮族三月三”为例[J].广西教育,2017,(11):44-45.
[7]吴建飞. 龙胜“三月三”民俗文化的考察研究[J].视听,2015,(12):36-37.

===术语===

1.祓禊
2.祭祀
3.糯米饭
4.绣球
5.花炮

===问题===

1.为什么广西的“三月三”能成为国家级非物质文化遗产？
2.在“三月三”节日里，人们为什么要做五色糯米饭？
3.“歌圩”是什么意思？
4.“三月三”有哪些有趣的活动？
5.现在的“三月三”和过去的有什么不同？

===答案===

1.因为“三月三”节日包含了壮族独特的山歌对唱、五色糯米饭制作、抛绣球等传统习俗，这些习俗传承了几百年，体现了壮族人民的生活智慧和民族文化特色。国家为了保护这些宝贵的传统文化，所以将其列入非物质文化遗产名录。
2.五色糯米饭不仅好看好吃，还有美好寓意。五种颜色分别象征着幸福、美好、和谐、吉祥和如意。壮族人民通过制作和分享五色糯米饭，表达对丰收的期盼和对美好生活的向往。同时，它也是祭祀祖先和招待客人的重要食物。
3.“歌圩”就是“唱歌的集市”。“圩”在当地方言里就是集市的意思。在“三月三”这天，人们聚在一起对唱山歌，所以叫“歌圩”。
4.除了对唱山歌外，还有：
① 碰彩蛋：小朋友把染色的鸡蛋互相碰撞，看谁的鸡蛋不破
②抢花炮：像体育比赛一样，大家争夺花炮，抢到的人有好运
③跳竹竿舞：在竹竿分合的节奏中跳舞，很考验反应能力
④穿民族服装：很多人会穿上漂亮的壮族传统服装
5.①放假了：2014年开始，广西全区在“三月三”期间放假，让更多人能参与庆祝。
②地点多了：从原来的山村田野，扩展到了城市广场、学校、景区。
③参与人多了：不仅是壮族人民庆祝，其他民族的朋友也一起参加，变成了大家共同的节日。

File:Chinese style - sun protection 2025.pptx

2025-12-18T15:44:02Z

Liao Ruting:

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-18T15:43:13Z

Liao Ruting: /* 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body_movements_performance_traditional_Chinese_dance.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) [[Media:Chinese Dreamcore 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects [[Media:Analects_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China[[Media:Three Great Towers in China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names [[Media:Chinese_Names_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花[[Media:The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen [[Media: Luosifen_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）[[Media: Tofu meatball with pig blood_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China [[media: The Four Great male Beauties in Ancient China.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜) [[media: Jiangxi Cuisine (gancai).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)[[media: Nail Art.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World[[Media:Landscapes and Tourism Harbin Ice and Snow World_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 255.Chinese style - sun protection[[Media:Chinese style - sun protection_2025.pptx]]
|
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)[[Media:Douyin_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)[[Media:Live-streaming e-commerce_2025.pptx]]
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
<span style="color:red">Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.</span>
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。