China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-30T13:27:36Z

Liu Zeyu: /* final paper: */

As a graduate student specializing in English Interpreting, I am deeply passionate about the nuances and intricacies of the language. Equipped with a solid foundation in English linguistics and cultural studies, I excel in bridging communication gaps between diverse linguistic communities. My academic pursuits have honed my skills in consecutive and simultaneous interpretation, enabling me to navigate complex dialogues with precision and agility. Passionate about learning and adaptability, I am committed to enhancing my interpreting capabilities and contributing to global understanding through language.

'''
== 20241101 ==
''':I talked with AI about genders in french?
Answer: "Sun" in French is "le soleil," which is masculine, and "moon" in French is "la lune," which is feminine.

'''
== 20241102: ==
'''
Question: List at least five French vocabulary words related to "travel" and provide their English translations.
Answer:
Passport (passeport) - passport
Hotel (hôtel) - hotel
Airplane ticket (billet d'avion) - airplane ticket
Suitcase (valise) - suitcase
Tour guide (guide) - tour guide

'''
== 20241103 ==
:'''I talked with AI about the Question: How do you conjugate the verb "être" (to be) in the present tense for all subjects?
Answer: Je suis, tu es, il/elle/on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont.

'''
== 20241104 ==
''':I asked AI What are the French equivalents for the following English words: book, pen, table, chair?
Answer: livre, stylo, table, chaise.

'''
== 20241105 ==
''':i asked AI How do you ask for directions to the nearest train station in French?
Answer: Pardon, où se trouve la gare la plus proche?

'''
== 20241106 ==
''':i aksed AI What is the French term for the traditional French meal that consists of multiple courses?
Answer: Le gouter.

'''
== 20241107 ==
''':i aksed AI Practice introducing yourself in French. What would you say?
Answer: Je m'appelle [your name]. J'habite à [your city]. J'apprends le français.

'''
== 20241108 ==
''':iasked AI How do you conjugate the verb "aller" (to go) in the present tense for all subjects?
Answer: Je vais, tu vas, il/elle/on va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont.

'''
== 20241109 ==
'''：“venir”（来）和 “aller”（去）之间的区别是什么？
解答：“Venir” 意思是朝向说话者所在的地点或某个参考点来，而 “aller” 意思是前往另一个地点。例如，“Je viens à la maison”（我正回到我现在所在的家或所提及的家）以及 “Je vais au cinéma”（我前往电影院，这是另一个地方）。

'''
== 20241110 ==
'''：动词 “parler”（说，讲）的直陈式现在时变位是怎样的？
Je parle（我说），tu parles（你说），il/elle/on parle（他 / 她 / 人们说），nous parlons（我们说），vous parlez（你们说），ils/elles parlent（他们 / 她们说）。

'''
== 20241111 ==
'''：法语中的定冠词和不定冠词有哪些？
解答：定冠词有 “le”（阳性单数）、“la”（阴性单数）、“les”（复数）。不定冠词有 “un”（阳性单数）、“une”（阴性单数）。例如，“le livre”（特定的那本书），“un livre”（一本书，泛指）。

'''
== 20241112 ==
'''：法语中如何构成否定句？
解答：在动词周围添加 “ne... pas”。例如，“Je ne parle pas français”（我不会说法语）。
'''

== 20241113 ==
'''：“bonjour”（你好）这个词的正确发音是什么？
解答：“bonjour” 发音为 [bɔ̃ʒur]。“o” 发鼻音 [ɔ̃]，“j” 是一个近似辅音 [ʒ]。

'''
== 20241114 ==
'''：法语中有哪些常见的介词？
解答：常见的介词包括 “à”（如 à la，à l'，au）、“de”（如 du，de la，de l'）、“en”、“dans”、“sur”、“sous” 等等。例如，“Je vais à l'école”（我去学校），“C'est le livre de Marie”（这是玛丽的书）。

'''
== 20241115 ==
'''：法语中如何构建一个疑问句？
解答：构建一个简单疑问句，可以将主语和动词倒装。例如，“Parlez-vous français?”（而不是 “Vous parlez français”）。或者可以在句子前添加 “est-ce que”。例如，“Est-ce que vous aimez le cinéma?”（你们喜欢电影吗

'''
== 20241116 ==
'''：法语中的主有形容词有哪些？
解答：主有形容词有 “mon”（阳性单数）、“ma”（阴性单数）、“mes”（复数）、“ton”（阳性单数）、“ta”（阴性单数）、“tes”（复数）、“son”（阳性单数）、“sa”（阴性单数）、“ses”（复数）、“notre”（阳性和阴性复数第一人称）、“nos”（复数）、“votre”（阳性和阴性复数第二人称）、“vos”（复数）、“leur”（阳性和阴性复数第三人称）、“leurs”（复数）。例如，“mon ami”（我的男性朋友），“ma sœur”（我的姐妹），“mes livres”（我的书，复数）。

'''
== 20241117 ==
'''：法语中的数字 1 - 10 怎么说？
解答：un（一），deux（二），trois（三），quatre（四），cinq（五），six（六），sept（七），huit（八），neuf（九），dix（十）。

'''
== 20241118 ==
'''：如何用法语描述天气？
解答：可以说 “Il fait beau.”（天气好），“Il pleut.”（下雨），“Il neige.”（下雪），“Il y a du vent.”（有风）等。例如，如果想说今天天气晴朗，可以说 “Il fait beau aujourd'hui.”

'''
== 20241119 ==
'''：“être”（是）这个动词的常用时态变位有哪些？
解答：直陈式现在时变位：je suis（我是），tu es（你是），il/elle/on est（他 / 她 / 人们是），nous sommes（我们是），vous êtes（你们是），ils/elles sont（他们 / 她们是）。直陈式过去时变位：j'étais（我曾经是），tu étais（你曾经是），il/elle/on était（他 / 她 / 人们曾经是），nous étions（我们曾经是），vous étiez（你们曾经是），ils/elles étaient（他们 / 她们曾经是）。

'''
== 20241120 ==
'''：What are the rules for forming the negative in French?
Answer: In French, to form the negative, we usually use “ne...pas” around the verb. For example, “Je ne sais pas.” (I don't know). For some verbs, “ne” can be shortened to “n'” before a vowel or mute “h”, like “J'n'ai pas compris.” (I didn't understand). There are also other negative expressions like “ne...rien” (nothing), “ne...jamais” (never), etc.

'''
== 20241121 ==
'''：
How does the French conditional tense work? Provide examples.
Answer: The conditional tense is used to express actions that would happen under certain conditions or to express polite requests or wishes. For example, “Si j'avais de l'argent, je voyagerais en France.” (If I had money, I would travel to France). Another example for a polite request, “Pourriez-vous m'aider?” (Could you help me?).

'''
== 20241122 ==
'''：
Explain the formation and use of the French superlative degree.
Answer: To form the superlative degree of an adjective, we usually add “le/la/les plus” before the adjective. For example, “C'est le plus beau paysage.” (It's the most beautiful landscape). We use it to compare and emphasize the extreme quality of something among a group. If the adjective already ends with “e” in the feminine form, we just add “les plus” for the plural superlative, like “les villes les plus grandes” (the biggest cities).

'''
== 20241123 ==
'''
When do we use the French partitive article? Give examples.
Answer: The partitive article is used to express an indefinite quantity of something uncountable or a part of a whole. For example, “Je veux du pain.” (I want some bread), where “du” is the partitive article for masculine nouns. For feminine nouns, it's “de la”, like “Je bois de la bière.” (I'm drinking some beer). And “des” is used for plural countable nouns, like “J'ai des amis.” (I have some friends).

'''
== 20241124 ==
'''
What's the difference between the French demonstrative adjectives “ce”, “cet”, “cette” and “ces”?
Answer: “Ce” is used before masculine singular nouns starting with a consonant, for example, “ce livre” (this book). “Cet” is used before masculine singular nouns starting with a vowel or mute “h”, like “cet hôtel” (this hotel). “Cette” is for feminine singular nouns, for example, “cette robe” (this dress). “Ces” is used for plural nouns, both masculine and feminine, like “ces fleurs” (these flowers).

'''

== 20241125 ==
'''
How can I pronounce the French nasal vowels correctly?
Answer: French nasal vowels are pronounced with air flowing through the nose. For example, “an” is pronounced [ɑ̃], as in “un chapeau” (a hat). “in” is pronounced [ɛ̃], like in “un vin” (a wine). “on” is pronounced [ɔ̃], for example in “un pont” (a bridge). You can practice by listening carefully and repeating, trying to feel the vibration in the nasal cavity.

'''
== 20241126 ==
'''
What's the trick to pronouncing the French “r” sound?
Answer: The French “r” is a uvular trill or fricative. To pronounce it, you can start by trying to make a gargling sound at the back of your throat. It takes practice. You can imitate native speakers by listening closely to words like “rue” [ʁy] (street) or “rare” [ʁaʁ] (rare). Relax your throat and let the air pass through the narrowed space at the back to produce that characteristic sound.

'''
== 20241127 ==
'''
Can you give some tips on differentiating between the pronunciation of “p” and “b” in French?
Answer: In French, “p” is pronounced unvoiced, which means there is no vibration of the vocal cords when you pronounce it. It's a sharp puff of air, like in “papa” [papa]. “B”, on the other hand, is voiced, so there is vocal cord vibration. It's a softer sound, for example in “bébé” [bebe]. Pay attention to the vibration in your throat when pronouncing to tell the difference.

'''
== 20241128 ==
'''
How to pronounce the French liaison correctly?
Answer: Liaison occurs when a word that ends in a mute consonant (except “h”) is followed by a word that begins with a vowel or mute “h”. The mute consonant is pronounced and linked to the next word. For example, in “les amis” [lezami], the “s” of “les” is pronounced because of the following vowel sound in “amis”. Practice with common phrases and listen carefully to native speakers to get the hang of it.

'''
== 20241129 ==
'''
What's the proper pronunciation of the French “eu” and “oeu” sounds?
Answer: “Eu” has different pronunciations. In a closed syllable, it's pronounced [ø], like in “peur” [pœʁ] (fear). In an open syllable, it can be pronounced [œ], for example in “bleu” [blø] (blue). “Oeu” is usually pronounced [œ], as in “soeur” [sœʁ] (sister). Listen to lots of examples and mimic the sounds to master them.

'''
== 20241130 ==
'''
How do I make the French accent grave and accent acute sound natural?
Answer: The accent grave (`) changes the pronunciation of a vowel. For example, “à” is pronounced [a], different from “a” without the accent. The accent acute (´) usually makes the vowel sound longer and sometimes changes its quality. For “é”, it's pronounced [e], like in “été” [ete] (summer). Practice words with these accents and compare them to the unaccented versions to notice the differences.

'''
== 20241201 ==
'''
Can you explain the pronunciation of the French silent letters?
Answer: Many French words have silent letters. For example, the final “s” in most plural nouns is silent, like in “les livres” [lelivʁ]. The “h” is often silent, especially in words like “homme” [ɔm] (man). The “t” at the end of “est” in the third person singular of “être” is silent, as in “il est” [ile]. Pay attention to these patterns when reading and listening.

'''
== 20241202 ==
''''
What's the best way to practice the intonation of French sentences?
Answer: Listen to French podcasts, movies, or songs and imitate the intonation. Notice how the voice rises and falls. For example, in a question, the intonation usually goes up at the end, like “Vous allez où?” [vuzale ku]. In a statement, it usually has a more even or slightly falling intonation. Repeat sentences aloud, trying to match the native speakers' rhythm and pitch.

'''
== 20241203 ==
'''
How to pronounce the French combination “qu” correctly?
Answer: “Qu” is usually pronounced [k] before “a”, “o”, or “u”, like in “qui” [ki] (who), “quoi” [kwa] (what). Before “e” or “i”, it's pronounced [kw], for example in “que” [kə] (that) or “quitte” [kit] (quit). Practice words with “qu” in different contexts to get used to the variations.

''
== '20241204 ==
'''
What are the key points in pronouncing the French “ill” sound?
Answer: When “ill” is in the middle or at the end of a word, it's usually pronounced [j], like in “famille” [famij] (family). But when it's followed by a vowel at the beginning of the next word in liaison, it's pronounced [ij], for example in “ville et” [vij e] (city and). Listen carefully for these distinctions.

'''
== 20241205 ==
'''
What are some common French greetings and responses?
Answer: Besides “Bonjour” (hello), there's “Bonsoir” (good evening), used in the evening. Responses can be “Très bien, merci” (Very good, thank you), “Pas mal” (Not bad), etc. If someone says “Comment allez-vous?” (How are you?), you can reply “Très bien, et vous?” (Very good, and you?).

'''
== 20241206 ==
'''
How do you ask for directions in French?
Answer: You can say “Excusez-moi, où est...?” (Excuse me, where is...?) For example, “Excusez-moi, où est la gare?” (Excuse me, where is the train station?). Or “Pouvez-vous me dire comment aller à...?” (Can you tell me how to get to...?), like “Pouvez-vous me dire comment aller au musée?” (Can you tell me how to get to the museum?).

'''
== 20241207 ==
'''
What's the French way to order food in a restaurant?
Answer: First, you can say “Bonjour” to greet the waiter/waitress. Then, “Je voudrais...” (I would like...), for example, “Je voudrais une pizza margherita.” (I would like a Margherita pizza). You can also ask for recommendations with “Qu'est-ce que vous recommandez?” (What do you recommend?). At the end, say “Merci” (Thank you).

'''
== 20241208 ==
'''
How do you introduce yourself in French?
Answer: You can say “Bonjour, je m'appelle...” (Hello, my name is...), followed by your name. Then you can add something about yourself like “Je suis de...” (I'm from...), for example, “Je suis de Chine.” (I'm from China). And maybe mention your occupation or hobby, “Je suis étudiant/e” (I'm a student) or “J'aime...” (I like...).

'''
== 20241209 ==
'''
What do you say when you meet someone for the first time in French?
Answer: “Très heureux/heureuse de vous rencontrer.” (Very happy to meet you). You can also use “Enchanté/e” (Nice to meet you), which is more common and has different forms depending on your gender. Men say “Enchanté” and women say “Enchantée”.

'''
== 20241210 ==
'''
How do you make small talk about the weather in French?
Answer: You can start with “Quel temps fait-il aujourd'hui?” (What's the weather like today?). Responses could be “Il fait beau” (It's nice), “Il pleut” (It's raining), “Il y a du soleil” (It's sunny), etc. Then you can continue with comments like “C'est idéal pour...” (It's ideal for...), for example, “C'est idéal pour une promenade.” (It's ideal for a walk).

'''
== 20241211 ==
'''
What are some expressions for apologizing in French?
Answer: “Excusez-moi” (Excuse me) is very common for minor apologies, like bumping into someone. For a more serious apology, you can say “Je suis désolé/e” (I'm sorry). If you want to apologize and ask for forgiveness, it's “Pardonnez-moi” (Forgive me).

'''
== 20241212 ==
'''
How do you express gratitude in French?
Answer: The basic way is “Merci” (Thank you). For more emphasis, you can say “Merci beaucoup” (Thank you very much). If someone has done you a big favor, you can say “Je vous suis vraiment reconnaissant/e” (I'm really grateful to you).

'''
== 20241213 ==
'''
What's the French way to ask for someone's phone number?
Answer: You can say “Puis-je avoir votre numéro de téléphone?” (May I have your phone number?). Or more casually, “Vous pouvez me donner votre numéro?” (Can you give me your number

'''
== 20241214 ==
'''
What is the verb form of “Voyage” and how is it conjugated?
Answer: The verb form of “Voyage” is “voyager”. In the present indicative tense, the conjugations are: je voyage (I travel), tu voyages (you travel), il/elle voyage (he/she travels), nous voyageons (we travel), vous voyagez (you travel), ils/elles voyagent (they travel).

'''
== 20241215 ==
'''

翻译法语：quels livres sont sur la table？

哪些书在桌子上？

'''
== 20241216 ==
'''

翻译法语：ou vont les dupont le dimanche matin？

杜邦一家周日上午去哪里？

'''
== 20241217 ==
'''

分析句子成分：votre voisin aime-t-il faire des voyages？

该句子的成分分析如下：

“votre voisin”

• 词性：名词短语

• 成分：主语，表示动作的执行者，即“你的邻居”。

“aime-t-il”

• 词性：动词短语，“aimer”（喜欢）的第三人称单数一般现在时的疑问倒装形式

• 成分：谓语，表达主语的喜好或情感倾向。

“faire des voyages”

• 词性：动词短语

• 成分：宾语，是“aime”的对象，即“旅行”这件事。

整个句子是一个一般疑问句，询问“你的邻居是否喜欢旅行”。

'''
== 20241218 ==
'''

aujourd‘hui是什么意思

“aujourd’hui”是副词，意思是“今天”。

例如：“Je vais au cinéma aujourd’hui.”（我今天去电影院。）

'''
== 20241219 ==
'''

demandent是什么意思
“demandent”是动词“demander”的第三人称复数现在时变位形式，有“问，询问；要求；请求”等意思。

例如：

• Ils demandent des questions.（他们提问题。）

• Les étudiants demandent des conseils au professeur.（学生们向老师征求建议。）

'''
== final paper: ==
'''

'''Mongolian music'''

'''Liu Zeyu 202370081606'''

'''Abstract:''' Mongolian music can be clearly divided into three categories according to its function and style: folk music, classical music, and religious and sacrificial music. Folk music includes the long tune and the Horqin short tune. The former has a wide vocal range and a long, lingering melody, full of deep affection for the prairie life; the latter has a regular beat and is close to daily life. Classical music comprises the “Chogar Narrative” and the Asier. The “Chogar Narrative” is magnificent in choral performance and inherits the ancient culture; the Asier is elegant in instrumental ensemble. Religious and sacrificial music consists of Shamanism music and Buddhist music. The former is mysterious and is related to the primitive belief; the latter conveys religious doctrines through chanting scriptures.

'''Folk Music:'''

'''Mongolian Long Tune：'''

In 1206 AD, Temujin, the leader of the Mongolian tribe, unified Mongolia and expanded the territory from the deep forest areas of the Greater Khingan Mountains to the vast grasslands, transforming the Mongolian tribe from forest hunters into grassland nomads. During the long years of nomadic life, the Mongolian people, in the unique language in the grassland, told of the Mongolian people's love for the beautiful grasslands and their reverence for nature. They created the Mongolian long tune which are sonorous, far-reaching, soothing, free flowing, rolling continuously and with a wide range.

Firstly, the Mongolian long tune mainly features the most representative ethnic and artistic “Nuogula” — the Mongolian-style vibrato. The combination of its narrative and lyrical ornaments forms a unique rhythmic pattern, reflecting the long, complete and unique folk song tunes. Secondly, singers need to have a wide vocal range to perform. In addition, Mongolian long tune mainly relies on the resonance of the nasopharyngeal cavity, and it will also change according to aspects such as the span of the interval and the movement of the melody. Finally, the beat and rhythm of Mongolian long tune are not fixed. Most of them are in free rhythm, free and slow. (Qin 2013,253-254)

'''Horqin short tune'''

The short tunes specifically refer not only to the shorter duration of the combination notes of values in the song compared to the long tunes but also to the compactness of the musical form resulting from the regularity, repetitiveness, and symmetry of the beat, rhythm, and syntax of such songs. Therefore, Horqin short tunes have their unique characteristics among numerous ethnic music.

The tunes of Horqin short tune are concise, with fewer ornaments and not much undulation in the melody, featuring declamatory. The layout between the phrases is harmonious and symmetrical, and a single meter is often adopted. Due to its regular structure and being easy to learn, it has a wide range of popularity.

Moreover, the musical techniques of Horqin short tune are very rigorous, and the modulation techniques are superb. There are not only the common elements of introduction, elucidation, transition and summation, but more importantly, musical techniques such as chromatic notes, tonicization, modulation, mode alternation and color infiltration are employed. It has even been adapted into symphonic instrumental music and choral music, endowing Horqin short tune with a unique artistic style. The lyrics of Horqin short tune also have distinct features in literature. Besides having complete storylines, they also skillfully use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, association, foil, refrain, parallelism, exaggeration, personification, rhetorical question, antithesis and circumstantial description. (Jiang 2014,161-162)

'''Khoomei'''

Khoomei originated in the “forest hunting culture”. There is a folk saying among the Mongolian people in Xinjiang: The Ob River rushes through the valleys of the Altay Mountains. When it turns and branches, it dashes against the cliffs, making a roaring sound and producing huge echoes. Thus, the Mongolian people deliberately imitated the echoes of the Ob River and created Khoomei.

The singer uses special vocalization techniques. By “holding the breath” in the chest cavity to impact the vocal cords, they can produce laryngeal resonance with a popping sound, enabling one person to sing two or three voices simultaneously. According to Mr. Od Sureng, a Khoomei expert from Mongolia, Khoomei has diverse forms and can be classified into as many as twelve types. However, there are mainly three forms, namely overtone Khoomei, trill Khoomei and lyric Khoomei. (Wu 2019,5-12)

'''Classical Music'''

'''The “Chogar Narrative”'''

The “Chogar Narrative” contains the meanings of “echo”. In real life, it often refers to a certain musical instrument or singing form.

Overall, these songs all fall into the category of banquet songs. They have exquisite language, profound thoughts, rich connotations, strong ritual symbolic significance and high artistic quality. The “Chogar Narrative” is only performed on specific, solemn and grand collective occasions. Generally, one person leads the singing of the long tune part, another person (or several people) accompanies with the “Chogar” part, and other singers sing the refrain part together. (Fan 2009,25-29)

'''Asier'''

“Asier” is the general term for the ancient instrumental ensemble music of the Mongolian people. Its melody development techniques, musical form structures, instrument combinations, performance techniques and playing styles all possess the typical characteristics of the traditional Mongolian instrumental music.

The performance is mainly instrumental ensemble and solo performances of instruments. It is a suite structure composed of multiple representative musical pieces. (Qing 2012,149-151)

'''Religious and sacrificial music.
'''

'''Shamanism music'''

Now, the distribution of the Mongolian Shamanism in China is mainly centered around the Horqin Grassland in eastern Inner Mongolia. The general characteristics of Mongolian shamanistic music mainly include the following three points: (1) According to the special needs of witchcraft and sacrificial rituals, shaman priests integrate folk art forms such as music, dance, poetry, and acrobatics into one, and perform flexibly. (2) When Mongolian shaman priests perform songs and dances, they must strictly abide by a fixed set of religious procedures and cannot act randomly. (3) Whenever shaman priests perform, the surrounding audience must cooperate by joining in from the side and singing shamanistic dance music. (Wu1992,66-83)

'''Buddhist music'''

Since the middle of the 16th century, the Tibetan Buddhism has been widely introduced into Mongolia and has gradually spread eastward. The chanting music of Mongolian Buddhism can be divided into two types according to the differences in the scriptures' texts and the languages, namely the Tibetan-language chanting music and the Mongolian-language chanting music. The Tibetan-language chanting music refers to the rhythm and tune formed when chanting Tibetan scriptures, and it is the most numerous types among the chanting music. The melody rhythm of the Mongolian-language chanting music is regular and orderly, the metrical patterns of the words and sentences are well-structured, it repeats in a cyclic manner and remains consistent, with little change in tone and a single melodic structure. (Bao 2002,67-81)

'''Terms and Expressions,'''

Folk Music民间音乐

Mongolian Long Tune长调

Horqin short tune科尔沁短调

Khoomei呼麦

classical music古典音乐

The “Chogar Narrative”潮尔道

Asier阿斯尔

Religious and sacrificial music 宗教与祭祀音乐

Shamanism music萨满教音乐

Buddhist music佛教音乐

'''Questions：'''

(1) How many categories is Mongolian music divided into?

(2) What are the characteristics of the long tune?

(3) What are the characteristics of the Horqin short tune?

(4) What are the differences between the “Chogar Narrative” and Asier?

(5) What language is used in Mongolian Buddhist music?

'''Answers：'''

(1) Mongolian music can be divided into folk music, classical music, and religious and sacrificial music. Folk music includes the long tune and the Horqin short tune; classical music consists of the “Chogar Narrative” and the Asier; religious and sacrificial music encompasses Shamanistic music and Buddhist music.

(2) Firstly, the Mongolian long tune mainly features the most representative ethnic and artistic “Nuogula” — the Mongolian-style vibrato. The combination of its narrative and lyrical ornaments forms a unique rhythmic pattern, reflecting the long, complete and unique folk song tunes. Secondly, singers need to have a wide vocal range to perform. In addition, Mongolian long tune mainly relies on the resonance of the nasopharyngeal cavity, and it will also change according to aspects such as the span of the interval and the movement of the melody. Finally, the beat and rhythm of Mongolian long tune are not fixed. Most of them are in free rhythm, free and slow.

(3) The tunes of Horqin short tune are concise, with fewer ornaments and not much undulation in the melody, featuring declamatory. The layout between the phrases is harmonious and symmetrical, and a single meter is often adopted. Due to its regular structure and being easy to learn, it has a wide range of popularity.

Moreover, the musical techniques of Horqin short tune are very rigorous, and the modulation techniques are superb. There are not only the common elements of introduction, elucidation, transition and summation, but more importantly, musical techniques such as chromatic notes, tonicization, modulation, mode alternation and color infiltration are employed. It has even been adapted into symphonic instrumental music and choral music, endowing Horqin short tune with a unique artistic style. The lyrics of Horqin short tune also have distinct features in literature. Besides having complete storylines, they also skillfully use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, association, foil, refrain, parallelism, exaggeration, personification, rhetorical question, antithesis and circumstantial description.

(4) The “Chogar Narrative” contains the meanings of “echo”. In real life, it often refers to a certain musical instrument or singing form; “Asier” is the general term for the ancient instrumental ensemble music of the Mongolian people.

(5) The chanting music of Mongolian Buddhism can be divided into two types according to the differences in the scriptures' texts and the languages, namely the Tibetan-language chanting music and the Mongolian-language chanting music.

'''References'''

[1]Narsu and Kevin Stuart. Practical Mongolian Sentences (with English Translation)[M].

[2]Bao Daerhan 包·达尔汗.蒙古佛教诵经音乐的多元文化特征[The multicultural characteristics of Mongolian Buddhist chanting music] [J].中国音乐学,2002,(03):67-81.

[3]Fan Zuyin樊祖荫.“潮尔道”——蒙古族长调艺术和潮尔艺术中的珍品 [The “Chogar Narrative”—The treasure in the Mongolian long tune art and The “Chogar Narrative” art.] [J].音乐研究,2009,(05):25-29.

[4]Jiang Guoping姜国平.科尔沁蒙古族短调民歌的特征分析及传承探讨 [Analysis of the Characteristics and Discussion on the Inheritance of the Horqin Short Tune] [J].音乐创作,2014,(07):161-162.

[5]Qin Geyue庆歌乐.论传统变奏手法在蒙古族器乐曲《阿斯尔》中的运用 [On the Application of Traditional Variation Techniques in the Mongolian Instrumental Music “Asier”] [J].音乐创作,2012,(12):149-151.

[6]Qin Yang秦杨.蒙古长调民歌的形成、发展及特点 [The Formation, Development and Characteristics of Mongolian Long Tune] [J].艺术百家,2013,29(04):253-254.

[7]Wu Lanjie乌兰杰.关于蒙古族呼麦——起源、分布与传播的几点感悟 [Some Reflections on Khoomei - Its Origin and Distribution] [J].中国音乐,2019,(04):5-12.

[8]Wu Lanjie乌兰杰.蒙古萨满教歌舞概述 [An Overview of Mongolian Shamanistic Songs and Dances] [J].中国音乐学,1992,(03):66-83.

'''摘要：'''蒙古族音乐依功能与风格可清晰划分为民间、古典、宗教与祭祀三大类。民间音乐涵盖长调与科尔沁短调，前者音域宽广、旋律悠长，饱含对草原生活深情；后者节拍规整，贴近日常。古典音乐含潮尔道和阿斯尔，潮尔道合唱雄浑，传承古老文化；阿斯尔器乐合奏典雅。宗教与祭祀音乐有萨满教音乐及佛教音乐，前者神秘，关联原始信仰；后者借诵经传达教义。

'''民间音乐'''

'''长调'''

公元1206年，蒙古部首领铁木真统一蒙古，将领土从大兴安岭深林地带扩充到广阔的草原，使蒙古部落由深林狩猎民族转变为草原游牧民族。在长期的游牧生活中，蒙古族人民以草原人特有语言述说着蒙古民族对美丽草原的热爱和对大自然的崇尚。创造了高亢悠远、舒缓自如、连绵起伏、音域宽广的蒙古长调民歌。

首先，蒙古长调民歌演唱特点主要是最具代表性的民族特色和艺术特色的“诺古拉”———蒙古式颤音。其陈述性、抒情性和遥远的旋律装饰性的巧妙组合，构成一个独特的韵律节奏，体现出蒙古长调绵长完整、独特的特点；其次，演唱蒙古长调民歌需要拥有宽广的音域；此外，蒙古长调民歌主要是鼻咽腔共鸣，还会根据音程的跨越、旋律跳动等方面有所变化；最后，蒙古长调的节拍节奏是不固定的，大多为散板，自由缓慢。（秦杨 2013，253-254）

'''科尔沁短调'''

短调的概念特指歌曲的音值组合相比于长调较短之外，还指这类歌曲的节拍节奏和句法的规律性、重复性、对称性等特征所致的结构方整性和曲式模样的精悍。因此，科尔沁短调民歌在众多民族音乐类型中独具特色。

科尔沁短调民歌的曲调简洁，装饰音较少，旋律起伏不大，具有宣叙性特点。其乐句与乐句之间的布局协调对称，节奏规范，并多采用单一节拍。由于结构规整、简单易学，因此具有广泛的流传性。此外，科尔沁短调民歌的音乐手法非常严谨，转调手法高明。在曲调进行中，不仅存在一般的起承转合，更重要的是运用了变化音、离调、转调、调式交替，色彩渗透等旋法，甚至被一些作家改编为交响性器乐曲和合唱曲，使科尔沁短调民歌具有独特的艺术风格；科尔沁短调民歌的歌词在文学上也具有鲜明特色，除故事情节完整之外，还巧妙地运用比、兴、衬托、复唱、排比、夸张、比拟、设问、对仗、旁描等修辞手法。（姜国平 2014，161-162）

'''呼麦'''

呼麦发轫于“山林狩猎文化时期”。新疆蒙古族民间有一种说法：鄂毕河河水在阿勒泰山峡谷中奔流，转弯分叉时冲击山崖，发出轰鸣，产生巨大的回声。于是，蒙古人便着意模仿额布河的回声，创造了呼麦云。

演唱者运用特殊的发声技巧，胸腔“闭气”，冲击声带，发出带有气泡音的喉腔共鸣，一个人同时唱出两个或三个声音。据蒙古国呼麦专家奥德苏荣先生讲，呼麦形式多样，划分为十二种之多。但从总体上看，主要有三种形式，即泛音呼麦、震音呼麦和唱词呼麦。（乌兰杰 2019,5-12）

'''古典音乐'''

'''潮尔道'''

“潮尔道”含有“回声”之意，实际常指某种特定的乐器或歌唱形式。

从整体上看，这些歌曲均属宴歌范畴，语言精美、思想深刻、蕴含丰富，有很强的仪式象征意义和较高的艺术性。“潮尔道”只在特定的、庄严隆重的集体场合下演唱。一般由一人领唱长调声部，另有一人（或数人）伴唱“潮尔”声部，其他歌手和群众齐唱副歌部分。（樊祖荫 2009,25-29）

'''阿斯尔'''

阿斯尔是蒙古族古老的器乐合奏曲的统称。其旋律发展手法、曲式结构、乐器组合形式、演奏技法与演奏风格等都具有蒙古族传统器乐的典型特征。
演奏形式以器乐合奏为主,也见乐器的独奏。它是由多首代表性乐曲组成的套曲结构。（庆歌乐 2012,149-151）

'''宗教与祭祀音乐'''

'''萨满教音乐'''

从当前的情况来看，我国蒙古族萨满教的分布与传播，主要是以内蒙古东部科尔沁草原为中心。蒙古萨满歌舞的一般特征，主要有以下三点:（1）萨满巫师根据巫术和祭祀的特殊需要，将音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂技等民间艺术形式熔于一炉，灵活地进行表演。（2）蒙古萨满巫师表演歌舞时，必须严格遵守一套固定的宗教程序，而不能是随意的。（3）每当萨满巫师进行表演时，周围观众必须予以配合，从旁帮腔，演唱萨满舞曲。（乌兰杰 1992,66-83）

'''佛教音乐'''

自十六世纪中叶以后，藏传佛教大举传入蒙古，并日渐向东流播。蒙古佛教的诵经音乐按照经文文字和念诵语言的不同分为藏语诵经音乐和蒙古语诵经音乐两种。藏语诵经音乐是指运用藏语念诵藏文经典时所形成的韵调，是诵经音乐中数量最多的一种。蒙古语诵经音乐的旋律律动规整有序，词句格律符合有章，循环反复固守如一，音调变换不大，旋律结构单一。（包·达尔汗 2002,67-81）

'''问题：'''

(1)蒙古族音乐分为几类？

(2)长调的特点是什么？

(3)科尔沁短调的特点是什么？

(4)潮尔道和阿斯尔有什么区别？

(5)蒙古族佛教音乐用什么语言？

'''答案：'''

（1）蒙古族音乐可以分为民间音乐、古典音乐、宗教与祭祀音乐三大类。民间音乐有长调、科尔沁短调；古典音乐有潮尔道、阿斯尔；宗教与祭祀音乐有萨满教音乐和佛教音乐。

（2）首先，蒙古长调民歌演唱特点主要是最具代表性的民族特色和艺术特色的“诺古拉”———蒙古式颤音。其陈述性、抒情性和遥远的旋律装饰性的巧妙组合，构成一个独特的韵律节奏，体现出蒙古长调绵长完整、独特的特点；其次，演唱蒙古长调民歌需要拥有宽广的音域；此外，蒙古长调民歌主要是鼻咽腔共鸣，还会根据音程的跨越、旋律跳动等方面有所变化；最后，蒙古长调的节拍节奏是不固定的，大多为散板，自由缓慢。

（3）科尔沁短调民歌的曲调简洁，装饰音较少，旋律起伏不大，具有宣叙性特点。其乐句与乐句之间的布局协调对称，节奏规范，并多采用单一节拍。由于结构规整、简单易学，因此具有广泛的流传性。此外，科尔沁短调民歌的音乐手法非常严谨，转调手法高明。在曲调进行中，不仅存在一般的起承转合，更重要的是运用了变化音、离调、转调、调式交替，色彩渗透等旋法，甚至被一些作家改编为交响性器乐曲和合唱曲，使科尔沁短调民歌具有独特的艺术风格；科尔沁短调民歌的歌词在文学上也具有鲜明特色，除故事情节完整之外，还巧妙地运用比、兴、衬托、复唱、排比、夸张、比拟、设问、对仗、旁描等修辞手法。

（4）“潮尔道”是某种特定的乐器或歌唱形式；阿斯尔只包括器乐合奏。

（5）蒙古佛教的诵经音乐按照经文文字和念诵语言的不同分为藏语诵经音乐和蒙古语诵经音乐两种。

'''参考文献：'''

[1]Narsu and Kevin Stuart. Practical Mongolian Sentences (with English Translation)[M].

[2]包·达尔汗.蒙古佛教诵经音乐的多元文化特征[J].中国音乐学,2002,(03):67-81.

[3]樊祖荫.“潮尔道”——蒙古族长调艺术和潮尔艺术中的珍品[J].音乐研究,2009,(05):25-29.

[4]姜国平.科尔沁蒙古族短调民歌的特征分析及传承探讨[J].音乐创作,2014,(07):161-162.

[5]庆歌乐.论传统变奏手法在蒙古族器乐曲《阿斯尔》中的运用[J].音乐创作,2012,(12):149-151.

[6]秦杨.蒙古长调民歌的形成、发展及特点[J].艺术百家,2013,29(04):253-254.

[7]乌兰杰.关于蒙古族呼麦——起源、分布与传播的几点感悟[J].中国音乐,2019,(04):5-12.

[8]乌兰杰.蒙古萨满教歌舞概述[J].中国音乐学,1992,(03):66-83.

I hereby quarantee that I have not used the help of Al to write my final paper in this course.

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-30T13:26:32Z

Liu Zeyu: /* final paper: */

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-30T13:24:33Z

Liu Zeyu: /* final paper: */

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-30T13:17:24Z

Liu Zeyu:

As a graduate student specializing in English Interpreting, I am deeply passionate about the nuances and intricacies of the language. Equipped with a solid foundation in English linguistics and cultural studies, I excel in bridging communication gaps between diverse linguistic communities. My academic pursuits have honed my skills in consecutive and simultaneous interpretation, enabling me to navigate complex dialogues with precision and agility. Passionate about learning and adaptability, I am committed to enhancing my interpreting capabilities and contributing to global understanding through language.

'''
== 20241101 ==
''':I talked with AI about genders in french?
Answer: "Sun" in French is "le soleil," which is masculine, and "moon" in French is "la lune," which is feminine.

'''
== 20241102: ==
'''
Question: List at least five French vocabulary words related to "travel" and provide their English translations.
Answer:
Passport (passeport) - passport
Hotel (hôtel) - hotel
Airplane ticket (billet d'avion) - airplane ticket
Suitcase (valise) - suitcase
Tour guide (guide) - tour guide

'''
== 20241103 ==
:'''I talked with AI about the Question: How do you conjugate the verb "être" (to be) in the present tense for all subjects?
Answer: Je suis, tu es, il/elle/on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont.

'''
== 20241104 ==
''':I asked AI What are the French equivalents for the following English words: book, pen, table, chair?
Answer: livre, stylo, table, chaise.

'''
== 20241105 ==
''':i asked AI How do you ask for directions to the nearest train station in French?
Answer: Pardon, où se trouve la gare la plus proche?

'''
== 20241106 ==
''':i aksed AI What is the French term for the traditional French meal that consists of multiple courses?
Answer: Le gouter.

'''
== 20241107 ==
''':i aksed AI Practice introducing yourself in French. What would you say?
Answer: Je m'appelle [your name]. J'habite à [your city]. J'apprends le français.

'''
== 20241108 ==
''':iasked AI How do you conjugate the verb "aller" (to go) in the present tense for all subjects?
Answer: Je vais, tu vas, il/elle/on va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont.

'''
== 20241109 ==
'''：“venir”（来）和 “aller”（去）之间的区别是什么？
解答：“Venir” 意思是朝向说话者所在的地点或某个参考点来，而 “aller” 意思是前往另一个地点。例如，“Je viens à la maison”（我正回到我现在所在的家或所提及的家）以及 “Je vais au cinéma”（我前往电影院，这是另一个地方）。

'''
== 20241110 ==
'''：动词 “parler”（说，讲）的直陈式现在时变位是怎样的？
Je parle（我说），tu parles（你说），il/elle/on parle（他 / 她 / 人们说），nous parlons（我们说），vous parlez（你们说），ils/elles parlent（他们 / 她们说）。

'''
== 20241111 ==
'''：法语中的定冠词和不定冠词有哪些？
解答：定冠词有 “le”（阳性单数）、“la”（阴性单数）、“les”（复数）。不定冠词有 “un”（阳性单数）、“une”（阴性单数）。例如，“le livre”（特定的那本书），“un livre”（一本书，泛指）。

'''
== 20241112 ==
'''：法语中如何构成否定句？
解答：在动词周围添加 “ne... pas”。例如，“Je ne parle pas français”（我不会说法语）。
'''

== 20241113 ==
'''：“bonjour”（你好）这个词的正确发音是什么？
解答：“bonjour” 发音为 [bɔ̃ʒur]。“o” 发鼻音 [ɔ̃]，“j” 是一个近似辅音 [ʒ]。

'''
== 20241114 ==
'''：法语中有哪些常见的介词？
解答：常见的介词包括 “à”（如 à la，à l'，au）、“de”（如 du，de la，de l'）、“en”、“dans”、“sur”、“sous” 等等。例如，“Je vais à l'école”（我去学校），“C'est le livre de Marie”（这是玛丽的书）。

'''
== 20241115 ==
'''：法语中如何构建一个疑问句？
解答：构建一个简单疑问句，可以将主语和动词倒装。例如，“Parlez-vous français?”（而不是 “Vous parlez français”）。或者可以在句子前添加 “est-ce que”。例如，“Est-ce que vous aimez le cinéma?”（你们喜欢电影吗

'''
== 20241116 ==
'''：法语中的主有形容词有哪些？
解答：主有形容词有 “mon”（阳性单数）、“ma”（阴性单数）、“mes”（复数）、“ton”（阳性单数）、“ta”（阴性单数）、“tes”（复数）、“son”（阳性单数）、“sa”（阴性单数）、“ses”（复数）、“notre”（阳性和阴性复数第一人称）、“nos”（复数）、“votre”（阳性和阴性复数第二人称）、“vos”（复数）、“leur”（阳性和阴性复数第三人称）、“leurs”（复数）。例如，“mon ami”（我的男性朋友），“ma sœur”（我的姐妹），“mes livres”（我的书，复数）。

'''
== 20241117 ==
'''：法语中的数字 1 - 10 怎么说？
解答：un（一），deux（二），trois（三），quatre（四），cinq（五），six（六），sept（七），huit（八），neuf（九），dix（十）。

'''
== 20241118 ==
'''：如何用法语描述天气？
解答：可以说 “Il fait beau.”（天气好），“Il pleut.”（下雨），“Il neige.”（下雪），“Il y a du vent.”（有风）等。例如，如果想说今天天气晴朗，可以说 “Il fait beau aujourd'hui.”

'''
== 20241119 ==
'''：“être”（是）这个动词的常用时态变位有哪些？
解答：直陈式现在时变位：je suis（我是），tu es（你是），il/elle/on est（他 / 她 / 人们是），nous sommes（我们是），vous êtes（你们是），ils/elles sont（他们 / 她们是）。直陈式过去时变位：j'étais（我曾经是），tu étais（你曾经是），il/elle/on était（他 / 她 / 人们曾经是），nous étions（我们曾经是），vous étiez（你们曾经是），ils/elles étaient（他们 / 她们曾经是）。

'''
== 20241120 ==
'''：What are the rules for forming the negative in French?
Answer: In French, to form the negative, we usually use “ne...pas” around the verb. For example, “Je ne sais pas.” (I don't know). For some verbs, “ne” can be shortened to “n'” before a vowel or mute “h”, like “J'n'ai pas compris.” (I didn't understand). There are also other negative expressions like “ne...rien” (nothing), “ne...jamais” (never), etc.

'''
== 20241121 ==
'''：
How does the French conditional tense work? Provide examples.
Answer: The conditional tense is used to express actions that would happen under certain conditions or to express polite requests or wishes. For example, “Si j'avais de l'argent, je voyagerais en France.” (If I had money, I would travel to France). Another example for a polite request, “Pourriez-vous m'aider?” (Could you help me?).

'''
== 20241122 ==
'''：
Explain the formation and use of the French superlative degree.
Answer: To form the superlative degree of an adjective, we usually add “le/la/les plus” before the adjective. For example, “C'est le plus beau paysage.” (It's the most beautiful landscape). We use it to compare and emphasize the extreme quality of something among a group. If the adjective already ends with “e” in the feminine form, we just add “les plus” for the plural superlative, like “les villes les plus grandes” (the biggest cities).

'''
== 20241123 ==
'''
When do we use the French partitive article? Give examples.
Answer: The partitive article is used to express an indefinite quantity of something uncountable or a part of a whole. For example, “Je veux du pain.” (I want some bread), where “du” is the partitive article for masculine nouns. For feminine nouns, it's “de la”, like “Je bois de la bière.” (I'm drinking some beer). And “des” is used for plural countable nouns, like “J'ai des amis.” (I have some friends).

'''
== 20241124 ==
'''
What's the difference between the French demonstrative adjectives “ce”, “cet”, “cette” and “ces”?
Answer: “Ce” is used before masculine singular nouns starting with a consonant, for example, “ce livre” (this book). “Cet” is used before masculine singular nouns starting with a vowel or mute “h”, like “cet hôtel” (this hotel). “Cette” is for feminine singular nouns, for example, “cette robe” (this dress). “Ces” is used for plural nouns, both masculine and feminine, like “ces fleurs” (these flowers).

'''

== 20241125 ==
'''
How can I pronounce the French nasal vowels correctly?
Answer: French nasal vowels are pronounced with air flowing through the nose. For example, “an” is pronounced [ɑ̃], as in “un chapeau” (a hat). “in” is pronounced [ɛ̃], like in “un vin” (a wine). “on” is pronounced [ɔ̃], for example in “un pont” (a bridge). You can practice by listening carefully and repeating, trying to feel the vibration in the nasal cavity.

'''
== 20241126 ==
'''
What's the trick to pronouncing the French “r” sound?
Answer: The French “r” is a uvular trill or fricative. To pronounce it, you can start by trying to make a gargling sound at the back of your throat. It takes practice. You can imitate native speakers by listening closely to words like “rue” [ʁy] (street) or “rare” [ʁaʁ] (rare). Relax your throat and let the air pass through the narrowed space at the back to produce that characteristic sound.

'''
== 20241127 ==
'''
Can you give some tips on differentiating between the pronunciation of “p” and “b” in French?
Answer: In French, “p” is pronounced unvoiced, which means there is no vibration of the vocal cords when you pronounce it. It's a sharp puff of air, like in “papa” [papa]. “B”, on the other hand, is voiced, so there is vocal cord vibration. It's a softer sound, for example in “bébé” [bebe]. Pay attention to the vibration in your throat when pronouncing to tell the difference.

'''
== 20241128 ==
'''
How to pronounce the French liaison correctly?
Answer: Liaison occurs when a word that ends in a mute consonant (except “h”) is followed by a word that begins with a vowel or mute “h”. The mute consonant is pronounced and linked to the next word. For example, in “les amis” [lezami], the “s” of “les” is pronounced because of the following vowel sound in “amis”. Practice with common phrases and listen carefully to native speakers to get the hang of it.

'''
== 20241129 ==
'''
What's the proper pronunciation of the French “eu” and “oeu” sounds?
Answer: “Eu” has different pronunciations. In a closed syllable, it's pronounced [ø], like in “peur” [pœʁ] (fear). In an open syllable, it can be pronounced [œ], for example in “bleu” [blø] (blue). “Oeu” is usually pronounced [œ], as in “soeur” [sœʁ] (sister). Listen to lots of examples and mimic the sounds to master them.

'''
== 20241130 ==
'''
How do I make the French accent grave and accent acute sound natural?
Answer: The accent grave (`) changes the pronunciation of a vowel. For example, “à” is pronounced [a], different from “a” without the accent. The accent acute (´) usually makes the vowel sound longer and sometimes changes its quality. For “é”, it's pronounced [e], like in “été” [ete] (summer). Practice words with these accents and compare them to the unaccented versions to notice the differences.

'''
== 20241201 ==
'''
Can you explain the pronunciation of the French silent letters?
Answer: Many French words have silent letters. For example, the final “s” in most plural nouns is silent, like in “les livres” [lelivʁ]. The “h” is often silent, especially in words like “homme” [ɔm] (man). The “t” at the end of “est” in the third person singular of “être” is silent, as in “il est” [ile]. Pay attention to these patterns when reading and listening.

'''
== 20241202 ==
''''
What's the best way to practice the intonation of French sentences?
Answer: Listen to French podcasts, movies, or songs and imitate the intonation. Notice how the voice rises and falls. For example, in a question, the intonation usually goes up at the end, like “Vous allez où?” [vuzale ku]. In a statement, it usually has a more even or slightly falling intonation. Repeat sentences aloud, trying to match the native speakers' rhythm and pitch.

'''
== 20241203 ==
'''
How to pronounce the French combination “qu” correctly?
Answer: “Qu” is usually pronounced [k] before “a”, “o”, or “u”, like in “qui” [ki] (who), “quoi” [kwa] (what). Before “e” or “i”, it's pronounced [kw], for example in “que” [kə] (that) or “quitte” [kit] (quit). Practice words with “qu” in different contexts to get used to the variations.

''
== '20241204 ==
'''
What are the key points in pronouncing the French “ill” sound?
Answer: When “ill” is in the middle or at the end of a word, it's usually pronounced [j], like in “famille” [famij] (family). But when it's followed by a vowel at the beginning of the next word in liaison, it's pronounced [ij], for example in “ville et” [vij e] (city and). Listen carefully for these distinctions.

'''
== 20241205 ==
'''
What are some common French greetings and responses?
Answer: Besides “Bonjour” (hello), there's “Bonsoir” (good evening), used in the evening. Responses can be “Très bien, merci” (Very good, thank you), “Pas mal” (Not bad), etc. If someone says “Comment allez-vous?” (How are you?), you can reply “Très bien, et vous?” (Very good, and you?).

'''
== 20241206 ==
'''
How do you ask for directions in French?
Answer: You can say “Excusez-moi, où est...?” (Excuse me, where is...?) For example, “Excusez-moi, où est la gare?” (Excuse me, where is the train station?). Or “Pouvez-vous me dire comment aller à...?” (Can you tell me how to get to...?), like “Pouvez-vous me dire comment aller au musée?” (Can you tell me how to get to the museum?).

'''
== 20241207 ==
'''
What's the French way to order food in a restaurant?
Answer: First, you can say “Bonjour” to greet the waiter/waitress. Then, “Je voudrais...” (I would like...), for example, “Je voudrais une pizza margherita.” (I would like a Margherita pizza). You can also ask for recommendations with “Qu'est-ce que vous recommandez?” (What do you recommend?). At the end, say “Merci” (Thank you).

'''
== 20241208 ==
'''
How do you introduce yourself in French?
Answer: You can say “Bonjour, je m'appelle...” (Hello, my name is...), followed by your name. Then you can add something about yourself like “Je suis de...” (I'm from...), for example, “Je suis de Chine.” (I'm from China). And maybe mention your occupation or hobby, “Je suis étudiant/e” (I'm a student) or “J'aime...” (I like...).

'''
== 20241209 ==
'''
What do you say when you meet someone for the first time in French?
Answer: “Très heureux/heureuse de vous rencontrer.” (Very happy to meet you). You can also use “Enchanté/e” (Nice to meet you), which is more common and has different forms depending on your gender. Men say “Enchanté” and women say “Enchantée”.

'''
== 20241210 ==
'''
How do you make small talk about the weather in French?
Answer: You can start with “Quel temps fait-il aujourd'hui?” (What's the weather like today?). Responses could be “Il fait beau” (It's nice), “Il pleut” (It's raining), “Il y a du soleil” (It's sunny), etc. Then you can continue with comments like “C'est idéal pour...” (It's ideal for...), for example, “C'est idéal pour une promenade.” (It's ideal for a walk).

'''
== 20241211 ==
'''
What are some expressions for apologizing in French?
Answer: “Excusez-moi” (Excuse me) is very common for minor apologies, like bumping into someone. For a more serious apology, you can say “Je suis désolé/e” (I'm sorry). If you want to apologize and ask for forgiveness, it's “Pardonnez-moi” (Forgive me).

'''
== 20241212 ==
'''
How do you express gratitude in French?
Answer: The basic way is “Merci” (Thank you). For more emphasis, you can say “Merci beaucoup” (Thank you very much). If someone has done you a big favor, you can say “Je vous suis vraiment reconnaissant/e” (I'm really grateful to you).

'''
== 20241213 ==
'''
What's the French way to ask for someone's phone number?
Answer: You can say “Puis-je avoir votre numéro de téléphone?” (May I have your phone number?). Or more casually, “Vous pouvez me donner votre numéro?” (Can you give me your number

'''
== 20241214 ==
'''
What is the verb form of “Voyage” and how is it conjugated?
Answer: The verb form of “Voyage” is “voyager”. In the present indicative tense, the conjugations are: je voyage (I travel), tu voyages (you travel), il/elle voyage (he/she travels), nous voyageons (we travel), vous voyagez (you travel), ils/elles voyagent (they travel).

'''
== 20241215 ==
'''

翻译法语：quels livres sont sur la table？

哪些书在桌子上？

'''
== 20241216 ==
'''

翻译法语：ou vont les dupont le dimanche matin？

杜邦一家周日上午去哪里？

'''
== 20241217 ==
'''

分析句子成分：votre voisin aime-t-il faire des voyages？

该句子的成分分析如下：

“votre voisin”

• 词性：名词短语

• 成分：主语，表示动作的执行者，即“你的邻居”。

“aime-t-il”

• 词性：动词短语，“aimer”（喜欢）的第三人称单数一般现在时的疑问倒装形式

• 成分：谓语，表达主语的喜好或情感倾向。

“faire des voyages”

• 词性：动词短语

• 成分：宾语，是“aime”的对象，即“旅行”这件事。

整个句子是一个一般疑问句，询问“你的邻居是否喜欢旅行”。

'''
== 20241218 ==
'''

aujourd‘hui是什么意思

“aujourd’hui”是副词，意思是“今天”。

例如：“Je vais au cinéma aujourd’hui.”（我今天去电影院。）

'''
== 20241219 ==
'''

demandent是什么意思
“demandent”是动词“demander”的第三人称复数现在时变位形式，有“问，询问；要求；请求”等意思。

例如：

• Ils demandent des questions.（他们提问题。）

• Les étudiants demandent des conseils au professeur.（学生们向老师征求建议。）

'''
== final paper: ==
'''

'''Mongolian music'''
'''Liu Zeyu 202370081606'''
'''Abstract:''' Mongolian music can be clearly divided into three categories according to its function and style: folk music, classical music, and religious and sacrificial music. Folk music includes the long tune and the Horqin short tune. The former has a wide vocal range and a long, lingering melody, full of deep affection for the prairie life; the latter has a regular beat and is close to daily life. Classical music comprises the “Chogar Narrative” and the Asier. The “Chogar Narrative” is magnificent in choral performance and inherits the ancient culture; the Asier is elegant in instrumental ensemble. Religious and sacrificial music consists of Shamanism music and Buddhist music. The former is mysterious and is related to the primitive belief; the latter conveys religious doctrines through chanting scriptures.
'''Folk Music:'''
'''Mongolian Long Tune：'''
In 1206 AD, Temujin, the leader of the Mongolian tribe, unified Mongolia and expanded the territory from the deep forest areas of the Greater Khingan Mountains to the vast grasslands, transforming the Mongolian tribe from forest hunters into grassland nomads. During the long years of nomadic life, the Mongolian people, in the unique language in the grassland, told of the Mongolian people's love for the beautiful grasslands and their reverence for nature. They created the Mongolian long tune which are sonorous, far-reaching, soothing, free flowing, rolling continuously and with a wide range.
Firstly, the Mongolian long tune mainly features the most representative ethnic and artistic “Nuogula” — the Mongolian-style vibrato. The combination of its narrative and lyrical ornaments forms a unique rhythmic pattern, reflecting the long, complete and unique folk song tunes. Secondly, singers need to have a wide vocal range to perform. In addition, Mongolian long tune mainly relies on the resonance of the nasopharyngeal cavity, and it will also change according to aspects such as the span of the interval and the movement of the melody. Finally, the beat and rhythm of Mongolian long tune are not fixed. Most of them are in free rhythm, free and slow. (Qin 2013,253-254)
'''Horqin short tune'''
The short tunes specifically refer not only to the shorter duration of the combination notes of values in the song compared to the long tunes but also to the compactness of the musical form resulting from the regularity, repetitiveness, and symmetry of the beat, rhythm, and syntax of such songs. Therefore, Horqin short tunes have their unique characteristics among numerous ethnic music.
The tunes of Horqin short tune are concise, with fewer ornaments and not much undulation in the melody, featuring declamatory. The layout between the phrases is harmonious and symmetrical, and a single meter is often adopted. Due to its regular structure and being easy to learn, it has a wide range of popularity.
Moreover, the musical techniques of Horqin short tune are very rigorous, and the modulation techniques are superb. There are not only the common elements of introduction, elucidation, transition and summation, but more importantly, musical techniques such as chromatic notes, tonicization, modulation, mode alternation and color infiltration are employed. It has even been adapted into symphonic instrumental music and choral music, endowing Horqin short tune with a unique artistic style. The lyrics of Horqin short tune also have distinct features in literature. Besides having complete storylines, they also skillfully use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, association, foil, refrain, parallelism, exaggeration, personification, rhetorical question, antithesis and circumstantial description. (Jiang 2014,161-162)
Khoomei
Khoomei originated in the “forest hunting culture”. There is a folk saying among the Mongolian people in Xinjiang: The Ob River rushes through the valleys of the Altay Mountains. When it turns and branches, it dashes against the cliffs, making a roaring sound and producing huge echoes. Thus, the Mongolian people deliberately imitated the echoes of the Ob River and created Khoomei.
The singer uses special vocalization techniques. By “holding the breath” in the chest cavity to impact the vocal cords, they can produce laryngeal resonance with a popping sound, enabling one person to sing two or three voices simultaneously. According to Mr. Od Sureng, a Khoomei expert from Mongolia, Khoomei has diverse forms and can be classified into as many as twelve types. However, there are mainly three forms, namely overtone Khoomei, trill Khoomei and lyric Khoomei. (Wu 2019,5-12)

'''Classical Music'''
'''The “Chogar Narrative”'''
The “Chogar Narrative” contains the meanings of “echo”. In real life, it often refers to a certain musical instrument or singing form.
Overall, these songs all fall into the category of banquet songs. They have exquisite language, profound thoughts, rich connotations, strong ritual symbolic significance and high artistic quality. The “Chogar Narrative” is only performed on specific, solemn and grand collective occasions. Generally, one person leads the singing of the long tune part, another person (or several people) accompanies with the “Chogar” part, and other singers sing the refrain part together. (Fan 2009,25-29)
'''Asier'''
“Asier” is the general term for the ancient instrumental ensemble music of the Mongolian people. Its melody development techniques, musical form structures, instrument combinations, performance techniques and playing styles all possess the typical characteristics of the traditional Mongolian instrumental music.
The performance is mainly instrumental ensemble and solo performances of instruments. It is a suite structure composed of multiple representative musical pieces. (Qing 2012,149-151)

'''Religious and sacrificial music.
''''''Shamanism music'''
Now, the distribution of the Mongolian Shamanism in China is mainly centered around the Horqin Grassland in eastern Inner Mongolia. The general characteristics of Mongolian shamanistic music mainly include the following three points: (1) According to the special needs of witchcraft and sacrificial rituals, shaman priests integrate folk art forms such as music, dance, poetry, and acrobatics into one, and perform flexibly. (2) When Mongolian shaman priests perform songs and dances, they must strictly abide by a fixed set of religious procedures and cannot act randomly. (3) Whenever shaman priests perform, the surrounding audience must cooperate by joining in from the side and singing shamanistic dance music. (Wu1992,66-83)
Buddhist music
Since the middle of the 16th century, the Tibetan Buddhism has been widely introduced into Mongolia and has gradually spread eastward. The chanting music of Mongolian Buddhism can be divided into two types according to the differences in the scriptures' texts and the languages, namely the Tibetan-language chanting music and the Mongolian-language chanting music. The Tibetan-language chanting music refers to the rhythm and tune formed when chanting Tibetan scriptures, and it is the most numerous types among the chanting music. The melody rhythm of the Mongolian-language chanting music is regular and orderly, the metrical patterns of the words and sentences are well-structured, it repeats in a cyclic manner and remains consistent, with little change in tone and a single melodic structure. (Bao 2002,67-81)

'''Terms and Expressions,'''
Folk Music民间音乐
Mongolian Long Tune长调
Horqin short tune科尔沁短调
Khoomei呼麦
classical music古典音乐
The “Chogar Narrative”潮尔道
Asier阿斯尔
Religious and sacrificial music. 宗教与祭祀音乐
Shamanism music萨满教音乐
Buddhist music佛教音乐

'''Questions：'''
(1) How many categories is Mongolian music divided into?
(2) What are the characteristics of the long tune?
(3) What are the characteristics of the Horqin short tune?
(4) What are the differences between the “Chogar Narrative” and Asier?
(5) What language is used in Mongolian Buddhist music?

'''Answers：'''
(1) Mongolian music can be divided into folk music, classical music, and religious and sacrificial music. Folk music includes the long tune and the Horqin short tune; classical music consists of the “Chogar Narrative” and the Asier; religious and sacrificial music encompasses Shamanistic music and Buddhist music.
(2) Firstly, the Mongolian long tune mainly features the most representative ethnic and artistic “Nuogula” — the Mongolian-style vibrato. The combination of its narrative and lyrical ornaments forms a unique rhythmic pattern, reflecting the long, complete and unique folk song tunes. Secondly, singers need to have a wide vocal range to perform. In addition, Mongolian long tune mainly relies on the resonance of the nasopharyngeal cavity, and it will also change according to aspects such as the span of the interval and the movement of the melody. Finally, the beat and rhythm of Mongolian long tune are not fixed. Most of them are in free rhythm, free and slow.
(3) The tunes of Horqin short tune are concise, with fewer ornaments and not much undulation in the melody, featuring declamatory. The layout between the phrases is harmonious and symmetrical, and a single meter is often adopted. Due to its regular structure and being easy to learn, it has a wide range of popularity.
Moreover, the musical techniques of Horqin short tune are very rigorous, and the modulation techniques are superb. There are not only the common elements of introduction, elucidation, transition and summation, but more importantly, musical techniques such as chromatic notes, tonicization, modulation, mode alternation and color infiltration are employed. It has even been adapted into symphonic instrumental music and choral music, endowing Horqin short tune with a unique artistic style. The lyrics of Horqin short tune also have distinct features in literature. Besides having complete storylines, they also skillfully use rhetorical devices such as metaphor, association, foil, refrain, parallelism, exaggeration, personification, rhetorical question, antithesis and circumstantial description.
(4) The “Chogar Narrative” contains the meanings of “echo”. In real life, it often refers to a certain musical instrument or singing form; “Asier” is the general term for the ancient instrumental ensemble music of the Mongolian people.

(5) The chanting music of Mongolian Buddhism can be divided into two types according to the differences in the scriptures' texts and the languages, namely the Tibetan-language chanting music and the Mongolian-language chanting music.

'''References'''
[1]Narsu and Kevin Stuart. Practical Mongolian Sentences (with English Translation)[M].
[2]Bao Daerhan 包·达尔汗.蒙古佛教诵经音乐的多元文化特征[The multicultural characteristics of Mongolian Buddhist chanting music] [J].中国音乐学,2002,(03):67-81.
[3]Fan Zuyin樊祖荫.“潮尔道”——蒙古族长调艺术和潮尔艺术中的珍品 [The “Chogar Narrative”—The treasure in the Mongolian long tune art and The “Chogar Narrative” art.] [J].音乐研究,2009,(05):25-29.
[4]Jiang Guoping姜国平.科尔沁蒙古族短调民歌的特征分析及传承探讨 [Analysis of the Characteristics and Discussion on the Inheritance of the Horqin Short Tune] [J].音乐创作,2014,(07):161-162.
[5]Qin Geyue庆歌乐.论传统变奏手法在蒙古族器乐曲《阿斯尔》中的运用 [On the Application of Traditional Variation Techniques in the Mongolian Instrumental Music “Asier”] [J].音乐创作,2012,(12):149-151.
[6]Qin Yang秦杨.蒙古长调民歌的形成、发展及特点 [The Formation, Development and Characteristics of Mongolian Long Tune] [J].艺术百家,2013,29(04):253-254.
[7]Wu Lanjie乌兰杰.关于蒙古族呼麦——起源、分布与传播的几点感悟 [Some Reflections on Khoomei - Its Origin and Distribution] [J].中国音乐,2019,(04):5-12.
[8]Wu Lanjie乌兰杰.蒙古萨满教歌舞概述 [An Overview of Mongolian Shamanistic Songs and Dances] [J].中国音乐学,1992,(03):66-83.

'''摘要：'''蒙古族音乐依功能与风格可清晰划分为民间、古典、宗教与祭祀三大类。民间音乐涵盖长调与科尔沁短调，前者音域宽广、旋律悠长，饱含对草原生活深情；后者节拍规整，贴近日常。古典音乐含潮尔道和阿斯尔，潮尔道合唱雄浑，传承古老文化；阿斯尔器乐合奏典雅。宗教与祭祀音乐有萨满教音乐及佛教音乐，前者神秘，关联原始信仰；后者借诵经传达教义。

'''民间音乐'''
'''长调'''
公元1206年，蒙古部首领铁木真统一蒙古，将领土从大兴安岭深林地带扩充到广阔的草原，使蒙古部落由深林狩猎民族转变为草原游牧民族。在长期的游牧生活中，蒙古族人民以草原人特有语言述说着蒙古民族对美丽草原的热爱和对大自然的崇尚。创造了高亢悠远、舒缓自如、连绵起伏、音域宽广的蒙古长调民歌。
首先，蒙古长调民歌演唱特点主要是最具代表性的民族特色和艺术特色的“诺古拉”———蒙古式颤音。其陈述性、抒情性和遥远的旋律装饰性的巧妙组合，构成一个独特的韵律节奏，体现出蒙古长调绵长完整、独特的特点；其次，演唱蒙古长调民歌需要拥有宽广的音域；此外，蒙古长调民歌主要是鼻咽腔共鸣，还会根据音程的跨越、旋律跳动等方面有所变化；最后，蒙古长调的节拍节奏是不固定的，大多为散板，自由缓慢。（秦杨 2013，253-254）
'''科尔沁短调'''
短调的概念特指歌曲的音值组合相比于长调较短之外，还指这类歌曲的节拍节奏和句法的规律性、重复性、对称性等特征所致的结构方整性和曲式模样的精悍。因此，科尔沁短调民歌在众多民族音乐类型中独具特色。
科尔沁短调民歌的曲调简洁，装饰音较少，旋律起伏不大，具有宣叙性特点。其乐句与乐句之间的布局协调对称，节奏规范，并多采用单一节拍。由于结构规整、简单易学，因此具有广泛的流传性。此外，科尔沁短调民歌的音乐手法非常严谨，转调手法高明。在曲调进行中，不仅存在一般的起承转合，更重要的是运用了变化音、离调、转调、调式交替，色彩渗透等旋法，甚至被一些作家改编为交响性器乐曲和合唱曲，使科尔沁短调民歌具有独特的艺术风格；科尔沁短调民歌的歌词在文学上也具有鲜明特色，除故事情节完整之外，还巧妙地运用比、兴、衬托、复唱、排比、夸张、比拟、设问、对仗、旁描等修辞手法。（姜国平 2014，161-162）
'''呼麦'''
呼麦发轫于“山林狩猎文化时期”。新疆蒙古族民间有一种说法：鄂毕河河水在阿勒泰山峡谷中奔流，转弯分叉时冲击山崖，发出轰鸣，产生巨大的回声。于是，蒙古人便着意模仿额布河的回声，创造了呼麦云。
演唱者运用特殊的发声技巧，胸腔“闭气”，冲击声带，发出带有气泡音的喉腔共鸣，一个人同时唱出两个或三个声音。据蒙古国呼麦专家奥德苏荣先生讲，呼麦形式多样，划分为十二种之多。但从总体上看，主要有三种形式，即泛音呼麦、震音呼麦和唱词呼麦。（乌兰杰 2019,5-12）

'''古典音乐'''
'''潮尔道'''
“潮尔道”含有“回声”之意，实际常指某种特定的乐器或歌唱形式。
从整体上看，这些歌曲均属宴歌范畴，语言精美、思想深刻、蕴含丰富，有很强的仪式象征意义和较高的艺术性。“潮尔道”只在特定的、庄严隆重的集体场合下演唱。一般由一人领唱长调声部，另有一人（或数人）伴唱“潮尔”声部，其他歌手和群众齐唱副歌部分。（樊祖荫 2009,25-29）
'''阿斯尔'''
阿斯尔是蒙古族古老的器乐合奏曲的统称。其旋律发展手法、曲式结构、乐器组合形式、演奏技法与演奏风格等都具有蒙古族传统器乐的典型特征。
演奏形式以器乐合奏为主,也见乐器的独奏。它是由多首代表性乐曲组成的套曲结构。（庆歌乐 2012,149-151）

'''宗教与祭祀音乐'''
'''萨满教音乐'''
从当前的情况来看，我国蒙古族萨满教的分布与传播，主要是以内蒙古东部科尔沁草原为中心。蒙古萨满歌舞的一般特征，主要有以下三点:（1）萨满巫师根据巫术和祭祀的特殊需要，将音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂技等民间艺术形式熔于一炉，灵活地进行表演。（2）蒙古萨满巫师表演歌舞时，必须严格遵守一套固定的宗教程序，而不能是随意的。（3）每当萨满巫师进行表演时，周围观众必须予以配合，从旁帮腔，演唱萨满舞曲。（乌兰杰 1992,66-83）
'''佛教音乐'''
自十六世纪中叶以后，藏传佛教大举传入蒙古，并日渐向东流播。蒙古佛教的诵经音乐按照经文文字和念诵语言的不同分为藏语诵经音乐和蒙古语诵经音乐两种。藏语诵经音乐是指运用藏语念诵藏文经典时所形成的韵调，是诵经音乐中数量最多的一种。蒙古语诵经音乐的旋律律动规整有序，词句格律符合有章，循环反复固守如一，音调变换不大，旋律结构单一。（包·达尔汗 2002,67-81）

'''问题：'''
(1)蒙古族音乐分为几类？
(2)长调的特点是什么？
(3)科尔沁短调的特点是什么？
(4)潮尔道和阿斯尔有什么区别？
(5)蒙古族佛教音乐用什么语言？
'''答案：'''
（1）蒙古族音乐可以分为民间音乐、古典音乐、宗教与祭祀音乐三大类。民间音乐有长调、科尔沁短调；古典音乐有潮尔道、阿斯尔；宗教与祭祀音乐有萨满教音乐和佛教音乐。
（2）首先，蒙古长调民歌演唱特点主要是最具代表性的民族特色和艺术特色的“诺古拉”———蒙古式颤音。其陈述性、抒情性和遥远的旋律装饰性的巧妙组合，构成一个独特的韵律节奏，体现出蒙古长调绵长完整、独特的特点；其次，演唱蒙古长调民歌需要拥有宽广的音域；此外，蒙古长调民歌主要是鼻咽腔共鸣，还会根据音程的跨越、旋律跳动等方面有所变化；最后，蒙古长调的节拍节奏是不固定的，大多为散板，自由缓慢。
（3）科尔沁短调民歌的曲调简洁，装饰音较少，旋律起伏不大，具有宣叙性特点。其乐句与乐句之间的布局协调对称，节奏规范，并多采用单一节拍。由于结构规整、简单易学，因此具有广泛的流传性。此外，科尔沁短调民歌的音乐手法非常严谨，转调手法高明。在曲调进行中，不仅存在一般的起承转合，更重要的是运用了变化音、离调、转调、调式交替，色彩渗透等旋法，甚至被一些作家改编为交响性器乐曲和合唱曲，使科尔沁短调民歌具有独特的艺术风格；科尔沁短调民歌的歌词在文学上也具有鲜明特色，除故事情节完整之外，还巧妙地运用比、兴、衬托、复唱、排比、夸张、比拟、设问、对仗、旁描等修辞手法。
（4）“潮尔道”是某种特定的乐器或歌唱形式；阿斯尔只包括器乐合奏。
（5）蒙古佛教的诵经音乐按照经文文字和念诵语言的不同分为藏语诵经音乐和蒙古语诵经音乐两种。
'''参考文献：'''
[1]Narsu and Kevin Stuart. Practical Mongolian Sentences (with English Translation)[M].
[2]包·达尔汗.蒙古佛教诵经音乐的多元文化特征[J].中国音乐学,2002,(03):67-81.
[3]樊祖荫.“潮尔道”——蒙古族长调艺术和潮尔艺术中的珍品[J].音乐研究,2009,(05):25-29.
[4]姜国平.科尔沁蒙古族短调民歌的特征分析及传承探讨[J].音乐创作,2014,(07):161-162.
[5]庆歌乐.论传统变奏手法在蒙古族器乐曲《阿斯尔》中的运用[J].音乐创作,2012,(12):149-151.
[6]秦杨.蒙古长调民歌的形成、发展及特点[J].艺术百家,2013,29(04):253-254.
[7]乌兰杰.关于蒙古族呼麦——起源、分布与传播的几点感悟[J].中国音乐,2019,(04):5-12.
[8]乌兰杰.蒙古萨满教歌舞概述[J].中国音乐学,1992,(03):66-83.

I hereby quarantee that I have not used the help of Al to write my final paper in this course.

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-19T11:53:31Z

Liu Zeyu:

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-14T01:52:58Z

Liu Zeyu:

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-12-14T01:48:44Z

Liu Zeyu:

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-12-12T11:20:36Z

Liu Zeyu: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations=
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

=How to write your final exam paper?=
Just write it like the other chapters in the textbook. (English and Chinese, length like the other papers, sections like Title, student name, Abstract, Main part, illustrations, Terms and Expressions, Questions, Answers, References, and AI Statement.

The AI statement should look like this:

I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

or

To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: ... I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompt: "..." I found the following problems with the outcome: ... I have adjusted the output by the following measures (revising prompt as: "...." or manually correcting the following references: ... Written the following passage new: ...).

AI is not allowed in final exam papers. If you use AI, not your paper will be graded, but your prompt and adjustments=

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Long Jiayu
*Jiang Chenmei
*Lilian
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
*Zhao Jing
*Winnie
*Liu Zeyu
*Liao Wenyao
*Peng Lu
*Liu Yi2
*Peng Jiayi
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) - Please make sure that this is only about the culture, like how the attitude of people changed about the vehicles, how the e cars are used etc. It is not about the technology.

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan) - Please make sure that this is not about the flower itself, but about the meaning of the flower for people, how they use it and what they associate with it.

4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy) - Please make sure that this is about the culture of it.

5. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie)

6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)

7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）- Please make sure that this is about the cultural tradition of it.

8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)

9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)

10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)

11. Bride-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）

13.Sichuan Embroidery 蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary)

14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao (dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）

15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）

16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)

17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）

18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）

19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）

20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）

21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)

23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）

23.Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）

24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）

25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）

26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)

27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）

27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）

28.Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）

29. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou (箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)

31. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）

32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）Thank you.

33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "porcellain" in the textbook.
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵） Thank you.

34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）<----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under "Erhu" in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）This is about a political concept, please select a culture topic instead.

35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）

36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）

37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)

38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）

39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)

40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)

41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne)

43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) <----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.

44. Clay sculpture (泥塑）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica)

45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)

46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)

47. Chinese name（中国姓名文化）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)

48. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)

49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)

50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)

51.Carved lacquer（雕漆）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）

52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)

53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）

54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）

55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）

56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)

57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）

59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)

61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)

63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)

64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)

65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond) - Please make sure that this is not about history or politics, but about the culture about it.

66. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字).....（Li Dinghao / Leo）

67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)

68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)

69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)

70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）

71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）

72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

73. Music of the Mongol nationality(蒙古族音乐）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)

74. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞）......（Hu Zetao）

75. Palace Lantern（宫灯）......（He Chuwen/Lyra）

76. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓）......（Huang Qi/Esther）

77. Martial arts: Wing Chun（Yongchun) 咏春 ........（Wang Xuan/ Cynthia）

78.The God of Wealth(财神爷)......(Wu Jing/ Jennie)

79. Zhuazhou （抓周）......(Gong Tao/ Gisele)

80. Kingfisher feather art（点翠）……(Peng Yixin/ Eason)

81. Mirror(镜子)......（Zhang Rui）

82.The Beef Board Noodle(牛肉板面)......（Wang Xudong）

83.Huo Qubing(霍去病）......（Peng Jiayi）

84.Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）……（Li Xiaosu/Tracy）

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:03_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:04_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]

57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Contemporary_Chinese_Literature_2024.pptx]]

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]

=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:05_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]

105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Four_New_Inventions(2)_2024.pptx]]

=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:06_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen） [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]

138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Chopsticks(2)_2024.pptx]]

=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:07_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki) [[Media:Hot Pot_Fall_2024.pptx]]

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]

=Student roll=
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a
*Chen Kuanshun n
*Chen Mengzhu a
*Chen Pingan -
*Chen Shanshan a
*Chen Weiping a
*Chen Zilan a
*Cheng Linjia a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a
*Gong Tao n
*Guo Zibin n
*Han Yaxuan -
*He Chuwen n
*Hu ShanShan a
*Hu Zetao a
*Hu Zheng n
*Huang Mengyan -
*Huang Qi n
*Huang Zechen a
*Jiang Caiyun a
*Jiang Chenmei n
*Jiang Yaping a
*Jiao Mengting a
*Kuang Jing a
*Le Yuxuan a
*Li Dinghao a
*Li Jia a
*Li Ru a
*Li Songlin a
*Li Xiaosu a
*Liang Dan a
*Liao Wenyao a
*Liu Huixuan a
*Liu Jieyu a
*Liu Li2 -
*Liu Peinan a
*Liu Xinyu2 -
*Liu Yi2 a
*Liu Zeyu a
*Liu Zhehui -
*Liu Zhouli -
*Liu Zhuofan a
*Long Jiayu a
*Lv Di a
*Ma Ruiqing a
*Pan Yilin a
*Peng Jiayi -
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n
*Peng Lu a
*Peng Yingying -
*Peng Yixin a
*Sha Lijia a
*Shi Zhanning a
*Shu Lin2 a
*Su Yi a
*Tang Xinyan a
*Tang Xinyu n
*Tang Yuewei a
*Tao Yu a
*Wang Xuan2 a
*Wang Xudong -
*Wang Yan2 a
*Wang Yue a
*Wang Yujiao a
*Wu Jiaying a
*Wu Jing a
*Wu Ziyi a
*Xia Rong -
*Xiao Feiyan a
*Xiao Yixuan a
*Xie Ke -
*Yang Fan a
*Yang Hanxu a
*Yang Lingyue a
*Yao Yiyun a
*Yu Yi n
*Zeng Man n
*Zeng Wenjing n
*Zeng Xin a
*Zhang Mengzhe n
*Zhang Rui3 n
*Zhang Shuai a
*Zhang Yange a
*Zhao Jing a
*Zhao Siyao a
*Zhou Jing a
*Zhou Ranran a
*Zhou Xiaoqiao n
*Zhou Xukai a
*Zhou Yicen n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -

=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:08_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).

The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.

By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.

Task 1: Please decide whether you

- want to use

- or not want to use

an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.

The groups should almost be equally large.

The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.

==AI group==
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a 95, 加分: 0, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a 90, 加分: 0,
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Shanshan a 91, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Weiping 90, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zilan 95, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Linjia a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''',
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Shanshan a 83, 加分: 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zetao a,0,0,
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Zechen a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Caiyun a, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Yaping a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiao_Mengting 91, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Kuang_Jing a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Le_Yuxuan 92, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Dinghao a, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Songlin a 70, 加分: 5 = '''75'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Xiaosu a 86, 加分: 0, 0,-1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liang_Dan 82, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Wenyao a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Huixuan a 93, 加分: 5 = '''98'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jieyu a, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peinan a 90, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2 a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zeyu a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhuofan a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Long_Jiayu a 90, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Di 88, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ma_Ruiqing a 95, 加分: 0, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Pan_Yilin a, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Lu a 94, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yixin a 89, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Sha_Lijia 85, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shi_Zhanning a 92, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 91, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Su_Yi a 86, 加分: 5 = '''91'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyan a 90, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyu a 88, 加分: 0, -1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei a 88, 加分: 5 = '''93'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yu a, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xuan2 a, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yan2 a 91, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yue a 89, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yujiao 87, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiaying a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a 96, 加分: 0, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Ziyi 92, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Feiyan a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yixuan a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''', 0,
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Fan a 90, 加分: 0, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Hanxu a,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Lingyue a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yao_Yiyun a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xin a, 0,
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Shuai a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Yange 87, a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Jing a, 80
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Siyao a 93, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Jing a
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xukai a, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Ranran a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''

==Human group==
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu 0, 86, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1,-1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Kuanshun n 85, 加分: 0, 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Pingan 0, 91, 加分: 5 = '''96''', 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Tao n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Zibin 88 n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Han_Yaxuan 0, 0,0, -1,-1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Chuwen n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zheng n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Mengyan 0,
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qi n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Chenmei n 91, 加分: 1 = '''92'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Li2 0, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Xinyu2 0, 0,0 , -1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhehui 0, 91, 加分: 1 = '''92''', 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhouli 0, 93, 加分: 0, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n 88, 加分: 5 = '''93'''
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yingying 87, 0, 0,0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xudong 0, 85, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xia_Rong n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xie_Ke 0, 0,0, -1,-1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Yi 90, n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Man n 97, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Wenjing n 94, 加分: 0
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mengzhe n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Rui3 n 85, 加分: 0, -1
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xiaoqiao n
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen 0, 89, 加分: 5 = '''94'''

==Task 2==
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write "Today I did not do anything for my language learning."

How to find your homepage?

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei

or

https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2

Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write

Also, in the name list of the groups, please add "f" or "m" for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from "city" or "land", from "Changsha" or from a different city

\= Oct 31, 2024 \=

Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.

==Student Presentations today==
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]

169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao(1)_2024.pptx]]
[[Media:Taobao(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Taobao(3)_2024.pptx]]

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]

=Session 9 Thursday Nov 7, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:09_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love p. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline) [[Media:Marriage_and_Love_(1)2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage and love (2)]]

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan p. 1615 (Su Yi/Suri) [[Media:Tangyuan_2024.pptx]]

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship p. 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)[[Media:Ancestor_Worship_2024-.pptx]]

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music p. 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)[[Media:Chinese_Music_2024.pptx]]

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） p. 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)[[Media:Mobile_Games_2024.pptx]]

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing p. 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)[[Media:Vintage_Clothing_2024.pptx]]

=Session 10 Thursday Nov 14, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:10_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers p. 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）[[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]][[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]]

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) p. 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）[[Media:PDD_2024.pptx]]

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People p. 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)[[Media:Marriage_and_Burial_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(3)_2024.pptx]]

195. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 p. 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）[[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(1).pptx]][[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(2).pptx]] [[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(3).pptx]]

196. Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 p. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(1).pptx]]
[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(2).pptx]]

197. Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 p. 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)[[Media:Chinese_Rural_Dogs2024.pptx]]

=Session 11 Thursday Nov 21, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:11_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

198. Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 p. 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）[[Media:Hanfu_2024.pptx]]

200. Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 p. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)[[Media:Suzhou_Gardens_2024.pptx]]

201. Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 p.1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)[[Media:Moon-shaped_ Fans_2024.pptx]]

202. Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 p. 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)[[Media:Miao_Silver_Ornaments_2024.pptx]]

203. Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 p. 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）[[Media:Facial_ Physiognomy_2024.pptx]]

204. Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 p. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)[[Media:Chinese_Chess_2024.pptx]]

=Session 12 Thursday Nov 28, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:12_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

#Student roll
#Final Exam Paper: No AI. If AI: Prompt, adjustments at the References Section
#Language Learning Progress Diary
#Remaining presentations

207. The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 p. 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）[[Media:Four_Gentlemen_2024.pptx]]

208. Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 p.1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele) [[Media:Flower_Fairy_Festival_2024.pptx]]

211. Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 p. 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)[[Media:Sexy_Tea_2024.pptx]]

212. Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 p. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)[[Media:Flower-drum_Opera_2024.pptx]]

213. Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 p. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）[[Media:Shangsi_Festival_2024.pptx]]

214. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 p. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)[[Media:Self-combing_female_2024.pptx]]
Homework: choose a final exam topic: deadline Dec 5 12:00 pm (noon)
=Session 13 Thursday Dec 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:13_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

Today: 13 presentations, each 10 minutes, strict time control

216. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 p. 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）[[Media:Women's_Script_2024.pptx]]

219. Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 p. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)[[Media:spicy_gluten_2024.pptx]]

220. Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 p. 2010 Liu Xinyu[[Media: Urged_to_Get_Married_2024.pptx]]

221. Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 p. 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)[[Media:Chinese_Dragon_2024.pptx]]

223. The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节 p. 2041 Xiao Feiyan [[Media:Torch_Festival_2024.pptx]]

224. Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 p. 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）[[Media:Chinese_Painting_2024.pptx]]

225. Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 p. 2055（Li Ru/Lee）[[Media:Qixi_Festival_2024.pptx]]

227. Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 p.2071(tao yu/mikansei)[[Media:Chicken_ Child_2024.pptx]]

228. Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 p. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)[[Media:The_Three-Body_Problem_2024.pptx]]

229. Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 p.2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)[[Media:Ganshi_2024.pptx]]

231. Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 p. 2110（pan yilin/ceci）[[Media:Animation_2024.pptx]]

235. Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 p. 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）[[Media:Suona_Horn_2024.pptx]]
[[Media:Suona_Horn(2)_2024.pptx]]

238. Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 p. 2192 (Han Yaxuan)[[Media:pentatonic_scale_2024.pptx]]

=Session 14 Thursday Dec 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=

Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:14_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

Today: 12 presentations, each 10 minutes, strict time control

239. Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 p. 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)[[Media:Mobile_Population_2024.pptx]]

240. Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 p. 2213 （Xie Ke）[[Media:Zanhua_2024.pptx]]

241. Incense Culture 香道文化 p. 2221 （Zeng Xin）[[Media:Incense_Culture_2024.pptx]]

243. Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 p. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)[[Media:Qu_Yuan_2024.pptx]]

244. Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 p. 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)[[Media:Touhu_2024.pptx]]

245. Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 p. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)[[Media:Piao_Se_2024.pptx]]

246. Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 p. 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)[[Media:Jingdezhen_Porcelain_2024.pptx]]

247. Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 p. 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)[[Media:Fireworks_and_Firecrackers_2024.pptx]]

249. Thangka 唐卡 p. 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）[[Media:Thangka_2024.pptx]]

250. Striking iron flower 打铁花 p. 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)[[Media:Striking_iron_flower _2024.pptx]]

251. Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 23029（Liu Li/Glen）[[Media:Xiang Cuisine_2024.pptx]]

252. The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)[[Media:Evolution_of_the_Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

'''Here is today's time schedule:'''

19:00 239. Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 p. 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

19:10 240. Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 p. 2213 （Xie Ke）

19:20 241. Incense Culture 香道文化 p. 2221 （Zeng Xin）

19:30 243. Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 p. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

19:40 BREAK

19:50 244. Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 p. 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

20:00 245. Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 p. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

20:10 246. Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 p. 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

20:20 247. Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 p. 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

20:30 BREAK

20:40 249. Thangka 唐卡 p. 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

20:50 250. Striking iron flower 打铁花 p. 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

21:00 251. Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 p. 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

21:10 252. The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

21:20-35 PUFFER AND DISCUSSION

=Session 15 Thursday Dec 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Everybody gets a work sheet for today to finalise the research project

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-11-21T03:03:34Z

Liu Zeyu:

User:Liu Zeyu

2024-11-08T13:01:28Z

Liu Zeyu:

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-10-31T11:22:53Z

Liu Zeyu: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-10-17T12:14:45Z

Liu Zeyu:

File:Guzheng 2024.pptx

2024-10-10T03:51:42Z

Liu Zeyu: this presentation is consist of the history, shape of Guzheng.

this presentation is consist of the history, shape of Guzheng.

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T11:50:53Z

Liu Zeyu: /* Headline text */

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-04T14:56:01Z

Liu Zeyu: