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User:Liu Ziling

2026-02-03T00:46:46Z

Liu Ziling: /* Final Paper */

My name is Liu Ziling. I come from Bengbu city ,Anhui province. I’m a Capricorn.I am a friendly and active girl.I like playing sports, especially some ball games, like playing badminton, table tennis and tennis.I also like watching movies, and my favorite movie is Pride and Prejudice that I recommend to you.Nice to meet you.

==Final Paper==
Wuhu Iron Painting, a traditional folk art form originating from Wuhu, Anhui Province, emerged during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It has garnered widespread attention and admiration for its unique crafting techniques and exquisite artistic expression, representing a distinctive cultural feature of the Anhui region. Utilizing low-carbon steel as its material and Chinese painting as its blueprint, iron painting undergoes multiple processes including cutting, forging, welding, grinding, rust removal, painting, and framing. It strictly adheres to the color system of traditional Chinese painting, aligns with the cultural values of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and embodies an aesthetic appreciation for simplicity, naturalness, and plainness (Huang Hui & Luo Yuan, 2016). Compared to Japanese metal relief and Western ironwork, Wuhu Iron Painting emphasizes the integration of Chinese ink painting artistic conception with iron-forging techniques. Although different metal crafts possess their own characteristics, Wuhu Iron Painting consistently carries profound cultural memories and continues to play a vital role in intangible cultural heritage protection and international cultural exchange.

====The Formation and Development of Iron Painting====
The art of Wuhu Iron Painting in Anhui took shape and matured roughly between 1644 and 1775. It was developed through the mutual inspiration and collaboration between the blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods of the Qing Dynasty. The Wuhu County Annals (1993: 684) records the influence of painter Xiao Yuncong on Tang Tianchi: In his spare time from his blacksmith work, Tang Tianchi often visited his neighbor Xiao Yuncong to watch him paint. Returning home, he would then "use the hammer as his brush, the anvil as his inkstone, and forge iron into paintings." Since its inception, iron painting has not only been favored by numerous distant visitors but also gained fame among the scholar-official class, becoming treasured items for "elegant enjoyment in studio
===Wuhu Iron Painting===

====Abstract====
Wuhu Iron Painting, a traditional folk art form originating from Wuhu, Anhui Province, emerged during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It has garnered widespread attention and admiration for its unique crafting techniques and exquisite artistic expression, representing a distinctive cultural feature of the Anhui region. Utilizing low-carbon steel as its material and Chinese painting as its blueprint, iron painting undergoes multiple processes including cutting, forging, welding, grinding, rust removal, painting, and framing. It strictly adheres to the color system of traditional Chinese painting, aligns with the culturalwalls." Literati and poets composed verses in its praise. The Qing Dynasty epigrapher Zhu Wenzao vividly depicted it in his poem Poem on an Iron Painting: "At first glance, it seems like ink splashed on plain silk, / Landscapes and figures all hollowed out in relief. / The breeze wafts elegant hues, stirring orchids and bamboo; / Snow hastens aged trunks, propping up pines and firs. / The splendid hall feels chilling to approach, / Even in sweltering heat, one desires added garments. / Most fitting by birch-candle light on a dawn-breeze night, / A thousand branches, ten thousand buds bursting from verdant cliffs. / Gazing together at old traces from Yuan and Ming, / They turn dull and dim, their spirit diminished" (Li Guangsuo, 2011). He believed that even the master painters of the Yuan and Ming dynasties paled in comparison to iron painting. The Qing poet Liang Tongshu praised iron paintings as "all exquisitely marvelous" and "rarely seen in the world." In his An Ode to Iron Painting, he wrote: "Who taught illusion to become pliant around the finger, / Ingeniously surpassing the brush of Jiangnan's Juniao... / This painting clangs long, never to decay" (Shen Haibin, 2024). This illustrates the high regard people held for iron painting at the time.

====Main Characteristics====
Wuhu Iron Painting is a form of painting created using iron as the raw material, also known as "iron flowers." The slight difference between "iron flowers" (铁花) and "iron painting" (铁画) reflects, to some extent, the developmental journey of Wuhu Iron Painting: evolving from iron floral art into iron painting. Its birth in Wuhu was precisely due to the locality's advanced smelting technology, "directly inheriting the forging industry of 'iron flowers'" (Zhang Feiying, 1996). Wuhu Iron Painting "uses the hammer as the brush, iron as the ink, and the anvil as the paper," hailed as "an ingenious creation unparalleled through the ages." It originates from ancient China's mature techniques in metallurgy, iron casting, metal manufacturing, and carving. Initially appearing mainly in forms like toys, Buddhist implements, and lanterns, it gradually absorbed techniques from various arts such as painting, paper-cutting, carving, and inlay, eventually blossoming into a unique art form. As a distinctive category of traditional craft art, it assimilates and draws upon the composition principles of traditional Chinese painting, featuring contrasts between black and white, interplay of solid and void, possessing a unique charm. It is precisely because it extends the style and artistic conception of painting onto the material of iron that Wuhu Iron Painting achieved its own brilliance. It can be said that the creation of iron painting did not emerge from a vacuum but is the result of the inheritance of Chinese artistic spirit onto the material of iron, embodying the consistent aesthetic pursuits and cultural value orientations of the Chinese people over millennia. In terms of subject selection, expressive techniques, and artistic conception shaping, it continues the unique charm characteristic of Chinese art.
In subject selection, iron painting continues the thematic content of traditional literati painting. In its early stages, it primarily focused on landscapes, flowers, and birds, favoring depictions of the "Four Gentlemen" (plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum), as well as themes like fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, and scholars. The painting style wassimple, elegant, fresh and ethereal. Literati painting flourished during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Scholars sought inspiration from nature, expressing their lofty ideals and untrammeled spirits through landscapes, flowers, and birds. Their works did not strive for meticulousness or formal likeness but placed greater importance on spontaneous expression and conveying inner feelings (Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun, 2020). Such trends were particularly prevalent in early Qing Wuhu due to the gathering of numerous painters, mainly from the Gushu Painting School and the Xin'an Painting School. "Faced with hopelessness for reviving the Ming and reluctance to submit to the Qing, they often poured their emotions into the brush tip, frequently painting distant mountains, light waters, strange pines, peculiar rocks, aged plum trees, gnarled bamboo, elegant orchids, and drooping willows, expressing noble and refined, unyielding sentiments" (Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen, 1983).

====Production Process====
The production process of Wuhu Iron Painting is extremely intricate, relying entirely on manual craftsmanship. Its core workflow can be divided into the following meticulous steps:
1. Designing the Draft: Using white paper as the base, meticulously draw a detailed preliminary sketch of the artwork. This serves as the foundation for artistic creation.
2. Material Selection and Forging: According to the design, cut iron plates into rough blanks. After heating in a furnace, the artisan uses hammers of various sizes to repeatedly forge the heated iron. This process causes the iron blank to expand, shape, and gradually form the delicate shapes required by the design, such as petals, leaf veins, and wings. This stage is the soul of the craft, severely testing the artisan's precise control over strength,heat control, and form.
3. Drilling, Filing, and Finishing: Perform detailed grinding,drilling, and filing on the initially forged components to achieve smooth, clear outlines and a even, polished surface texture.
4. Welding and Assembly: Assemble the individual components according to the design composition using precise welding techniques. This builds the complete pictorial structure and spatial layers, ensuring the overall stability and three-dimensional quality of the artwork.
5. Rust Prevention and Final Presentation:Apply strict rust prevention treatment to the finished product, typically involving multiple layers of black lacquer and high-temperature baking. This not only effectively prevents oxidation but also enhances the unique artistic effect of iron painting — "using iron as ink, the anvil as paper." The final result is a visual artwork characterized by distinct black and white contrast, strong visual impact, and timeless elegance.

====Inheritance and Development of Iron Painting====
Throughout history, Wuhu Iron Painting once faced near extinction. In April 1949, the Wuhu Municipal Committee, aiming to excavate folk crafts, conducted extensive investigations and interviews. They invited the sole surviving iron painting artisan, Chu Yanqing, to form airon painting restoration team. Assisted by nine disciples, the over-sixty-year-old Chu Yanqing, after six months of trial forging, successfully created the iron painting Reunion at the Broken Bridge. This piece attracted the attention and support of provincial and municipal leaders, who assigned teachers Wang Shicen and Song Shaohu from the Art Department of Anhui Normal University to assist with design drafts. In 1959, the large-scale iron paintings Welcoming Pine and Meishan Reservoir were installed in the solemn Great Hall of the People. Meanwhile, the iron painting Eagle on a Pine Tree won a gold medal at the Paris Exposition. From then on, Wuhu Iron Painting gained fame both domestically and internationally.
Having undergone over 300 years of inheritance and development, Wuhu Iron Painting has expanded beyond traditional forms like small-scale scenes, painted lanterns, and screens. It has innovated three-dimensional iron paintings, bonsai iron paintings,iron paintings on porcelain plates, as well as pure gold and gilded iron paintings. It has formed five major series encompassing table screens, murals, calligraphy, decorative furnishings, and cultural gifts, with over 200 varieties. With its unique artistic style and charm, it holds a distinctive position in the art world.
However, currently, the profit-driven nature of the market economy continuously impacts the quality of iron painting. Coupled with a generational gap in artisans who possess both traditional Chinese painting and literary cultivation, Wuhu Iron Painting faces difficulties such asdistortion of techniques and potential loss of inheritance. It urgently requires national support and assistance.

===References===
[1] Huang Hui, Luo Yuan 黄辉、罗媛. (2016) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺 [The Artistic Characteristics and Craftsmanship of Wuhu Iron Painting] 理念与设计 (Idea & Design)， (04): 26-30.

[2] Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen 刘伯璜，姚永森. (1983) 芜湖铁画溯源 [Tracing the Origins of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences))， (02): 71-75.

[3] Li Guangsuo 李广锁. (2011) 芜湖铁画艺术探析 [An Analysis of the Art of Wuhu Iron Painting] 硕士学位论文 (Master's Thesis)，苏州大学 (Soochow University).

[4] Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun 史启新，费利君. (2020) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微 [On the Artistic Characteristics and Inheritance Paths of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽工业大学学报（社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Social Science Edition))， 37 (06): 33-36.

[5] Editorial Committee of Wuhu County Local Chronicles 芜湖县地方志编纂委员会 (Ed.). (1993) 芜湖县志 [Wuhu County Annals] 北京：社会科学文献出版社 (Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press): 684.

[6]Zhang Feiying 张飞莺. (1996) 铁画考疑 [Textual Research on Iron Painting] In 安徽省博物馆四十年 [Forty Years of the Anhui Museum] 合肥：黄山书社 (Hefei: Huangshan Publishing House): 259-267.

===Terms and Expression===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===Questions===
1. Approximately when did Wuhu Iron Painting originate?
2. Which two key figures played a significant role in the birth of Wuhu Iron Painting?
3. What is the primary raw material used in Wuhu Iron Painting?
4. What characteristic of iron painting does the phrase "using the hammer as a brush, iron as ink, and the anvil as paper" describe?
5. What are the main steps in the core crafting process of iron painting?
6. What is the name of the famous Wuhu Iron Painting work displayed in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing?

===Answers===

1. It originated approximately during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (mid-to-late 17th century).
2. The Qing Dynasty blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong.
3. Low-carbon steel.
4. It vividly summarizes the core creative concept of Wuhu Iron Painting, which likens the forging tools and process to traditional Chinese writing instruments and the painting process.
5. The main steps include: designing the draft, selecting materials and forging, drilling/filing/finishing, welding and assembly, rust prevention treatment, and mounting.
6. Welcoming Pine.

==期末论文==
===芜湖铁画===
====摘要====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术是中国传统的民间艺术形式，形成于明末清初，以其独特的制作工艺和精湛的艺术表现力受到人们的广泛关注和喜爱，是安徽地区特色文化。铁画以低碳钢为材料，以中国画为蓝本，经过切割、锻造、焊接、打磨、除锈、涂漆、装裱等多道工序制作而成，严格遵循中国画的色彩体系，对应儒、佛、道的文化价值观，体现了崇尚质朴、自然、朴素的审美内涵（黄辉、罗媛，2016：26）。与日本金属浮雕、西方铁艺等相比，芜湖铁画注重中国水墨意境与锻铁工艺的结合。尽管不同金属工艺各具特色，芜湖铁画始终承载着深厚的文化记忆，在非物质文化遗产保护与国际文化交流中持续发挥着重要作用。

====铁画的形成与发展====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术的形成与成熟期大致时间在1644—1775年之间。安徽芜湖铁画由清代顺治、康熙年间铁匠汤天池与画家萧云从相互砥砺而成。《芜湖县志》（1993：684）有记载画家萧云从对汤天池的影响：汤天池在打铁工作之余，总是喜欢去邻居萧云从家看其作画，返家后则“以锤为笔，以砧为砚，锻铁作画”。自问世以来，铁画不仅受到众多远客的青睐，更在士大夫阶层中名噪一时，成为“斋壁雅玩”的珍品，文人墨客更是赋诗赞美。清代金石家朱文藻在《题铁画》一诗中生动描绘道：“乍看似墨泼素绢，山水人物皆空嵌。风飘秀色动兰竹，雪催老杆撑松杉。华轩逼人有寒气，盛暑亦欲添衣裳。最宜桦烛晓风夜，千枝万蕊发翠岩。元明旧迹共谛视，转觉暗淡精神减。”（李广锁，2011）他认为，元明时代的丹青高手与铁画相比，也显得黯然失色。清代诗人梁同书则称赞铁画“无不入妙”“世罕见之”，并在《铁画歌》中写道：“谁叫幻作绕指柔，巧夺江南钧巢笔……此画铮铮长不毁（沈海滨，2024）。”可见当时人们对铁画的喜爱程度。

====主要特点====
芜湖铁画，是利用铁为原料制成的画，又称铁花。铁花与铁画，虽是一字之差，一定程度上却也道出了芜湖铁画发展的历程：由铁花发展成铁画。铁画之所以在芜湖诞生，正是基于当地有着发达的冶炼技术，“直接承袭了‘铁花’的打制业”（张飞莺，1996）芜湖铁画“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”,被称为“巧夺万代所未有”。它源于我国古代成熟的冶金铸铁技术、金属制造工艺和雕刻工艺等，最开始主要以玩具、佛具和灯具等形态出现，随着它吸收绘画、剪纸、雕刻、镶嵌等各种艺术的技法于一体，终成就为一朵艺术之花。它作为独具特色的传统工艺美术品类，吸收并借鉴了传统国画的章法，黑白对比，虚实相生，别具一番情趣。正是因为将绘画的格调和意境绵延到铁的材料上，芜湖铁画才成就了自身的辉煌，可以说，铁画的创制并不是凭空而来，而是中国艺术精神在铁的材料上传承的结果，凝聚着千百年来中国人一如既往的审美追求和文化价值取向，在题材选取、表现手法和意境塑造等方面绵延着中国艺术特有的韵味。
在题材选取上，铁画延续了传统文人画的表现内容，初期多以山水、花鸟为主要题材，热衷于表现梅兰竹菊、渔樵耕读等，而且画风简洁淡雅、清新飘逸。文人画，在明清之际盛极一时，文人们取道自然，寄情于山水花鸟之间，以抒胸中之逸气，其画作不求工整与形似，更在乎随兴所至处之寄托(史启新,费利君,2020)。这样的风气在清初的芜湖，更是因为有众多画家的聚集而风行，其中以姑孰画派和新安画派为主，“他们在兴明无望、顺清不甘的情况下，每每寄情于笔端，多画远山、淡水、怪松、奇石、老梅、虬竹、秀兰、垂柳之类，表现了高尚脱俗、素节不屈的情操”（刘伯璜，姚永森，1983）。

====制作工艺====
芜湖铁画的制作工艺极为繁复，全程依赖匠人手工完成，其核心流程可分为以下几个严谨的步骤：
1.设计稿图：以白纸为底，精心绘制详尽的画面底稿，此为艺术创作的基础。
2.取料锻造：依据图纸，将铁板剪裁为粗坯，经红炉加热后，匠人运用不同型号的铁锤进行反复锻打，使铁坯在高温下延展、定型，逐步塑造出画面中如花瓣、叶脉、羽翼等精细形态。此环节是技艺的灵魂所在，极度考验匠人对力度、火候与形态的精准掌控。
3.钻锉修整：对初步锻造成型的部件进行细致的打磨、钻刻与锉削，使轮廓线条流畅清晰，表面肌理光滑匀称。
4.焊接组装：将各个独立部件依据设计构图，通过精准的焊接技术进行组合拼装，构建出完整的画面结构与层次空间，确保作品整体稳固且富有立体感。
5.防锈处理与最终呈现：对成品进行严格的防锈处理，通常施以多层黑漆并经高温烘烤。此举不仅有效防止氧化，更强化了铁画“以铁为墨，以砧为纸”的独特艺术效果，最终形成黑白分明、对比强烈、永恒典雅的视觉艺术作品。

====铁画的传承与发展====
在历史的长河中，芜湖铁画曾一度濒临绝迹，直至1949年4月，芜湖市委为挖掘民间工艺，经过多方调查与访问，邀请了唯一幸存的铁画艺人储炎庆，组建起铁画恢复小组。年过花甲的储炎庆在九位弟子的协助下，经过半年的试锻，成功创作出铁画《断桥相会》，这幅作品引起了省市领导的重视与支持，并委派安师大艺术系的王石岑、宋哨虎两位老师协助设计画稿。1959年，巨幅铁画《迎客松》和《梅山水库》被布置于庄严的人民大会堂，而铁画《松鹰图》在巴黎博览会上荣获金奖，自此，芜湖铁画声名鹊起，誉满海内外。
芜湖铁画经过300多年的承传和发展，在传统形式的尺幅小景、画灯、屏风等基础上，又创有立体铁画、盆景铁画、瓷板铁画、纯金和镀金铁画等，形成了座屏、壁画、书法、装饰陈设和文化礼品等五大系列200多个品种，以其独特的艺术风格和魅力，在艺坛独树一帜。
但是，当今市场经济的利益驱动不断影响着铁画质量，加上兼备国画和文学修养的铁画艺人出现断代，芜湖铁画面临技艺变形、失传的困境，亟待国家给予支持和扶助。

===参考文献===：
[1]黄辉、罗媛. 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺[J]. 理念与设计,2016:26-30。
[2]刘伯璜，姚永森.芜湖铁画溯源[J].安徽师范大学(哲学社会科学版),1983(2):71-75.
[3]李广锁.芜湖铁画艺术探析[D],苏州大学,2011.
[4]史启新,费利君.芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2020,37(06):33-36.
[5]芜湖县志.社会科学文献出版社,1993:684.
[6]张飞莺.铁画考疑[C]//安徽博物院.安徽省博物馆四十年,1996:259-267.

===术语===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===问题===
1.芜湖铁画大约起源于什么时期？

2.哪两位关键人物对芜湖铁画的诞生起到了重要作用？

3.芜湖铁画最主要的原材料是什么？

4.“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”这句话描述了铁画的什么特点？

5.铁画制作的核心工艺步骤大致分为哪几步？

6.陈列于北京人民大会堂的著名芜湖铁画作品叫什么名字？

===答案===
1.大约起源于明末清初（17世纪中后期）。

2.清代铁匠汤天池和画家萧云从。

3.低碳钢。

4.形象地概括了芜湖铁画将锻铁工具与工艺比拟为中国传统文房用具和绘画过程的核心创作理念。

5.主要步骤包括：设计画稿、取料锻打、钻锉修整、焊接组装、防锈处理与装裱。

6.《迎客松》

User:Liu Ziling

2026-02-03T00:16:46Z

Liu Ziling:

My name is Liu Ziling. I come from Bengbu city ,Anhui province. I’m a Capricorn.I am a friendly and active girl.I like playing sports, especially some ball games, like playing badminton, table tennis and tennis.I also like watching movies, and my favorite movie is Pride and Prejudice that I recommend to you.Nice to meet you.

==Final Paper==
values of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and embodies an aesthetic appreciation for simplicity, naturalness, and plainness (Huang Hui & Luo Yuan, 2016). Compared to Japanese metal relief and Western ironwork, Wuhu Iron Painting emphasizes the integration of Chinese ink painting artistic conception with iron-forging techniques. Although different metal crafts possess their own characteristics, Wuhu Iron Painting consistently carries profound cultural memories and continues to play a vital role in intangible cultural heritage protection and international cultural exchange.

====The Formation and Development of Iron Painting====
The art of Wuhu Iron Painting in Anhui took shape and matured roughly between 1644 and 1775. It was developed through the mutual inspiration and collaboration between the blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods of the Qing Dynasty. The Wuhu County Annals (1993: 684) records the influence of painter Xiao Yuncong on Tang Tianchi: In his spare time from his blacksmith work, Tang Tianchi often visited his neighbor Xiao Yuncong to watch him paint. Returning home, he would then "use the hammer as his brush, the anvil as his inkstone, and forge iron into paintings." Since its inception, iron painting has not only been favored by numerous distant visitors but also gained fame among the scholar-official class, becoming treasured items for "elegant enjoyment in studio
===Wuhu Iron Painting===

====Abstract====
Wuhu Iron Painting, a traditional folk art form originating from Wuhu, Anhui Province, emerged during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It has garnered widespread attention and admiration for its unique crafting techniques and exquisite artistic expression, representing a distinctive cultural feature of the Anhui region. Utilizing low-carbon steel as its material and Chinese painting as its blueprint, iron painting undergoes multiple processes including cutting, forging, welding, grinding, rust removal, painting, and framing. It strictly adheres to the color system of traditional Chinese painting, aligns with the culturalwalls." Literati and poets composed verses in its praise. The Qing Dynasty epigrapher Zhu Wenzao vividly depicted it in his poem Poem on an Iron Painting: "At first glance, it seems like ink splashed on plain silk, / Landscapes and figures all hollowed out in relief. / The breeze wafts elegant hues, stirring orchids and bamboo; / Snow hastens aged trunks, propping up pines and firs. / The splendid hall feels chilling to approach, / Even in sweltering heat, one desires added garments. / Most fitting by birch-candle light on a dawn-breeze night, / A thousand branches, ten thousand buds bursting from verdant cliffs. / Gazing together at old traces from Yuan and Ming, / They turn dull and dim, their spirit diminished" (Li Guangsuo, 2011). He believed that even the master painters of the Yuan and Ming dynasties paled in comparison to iron painting. The Qing poet Liang Tongshu praised iron paintings as "all exquisitely marvelous" and "rarely seen in the world." In his An Ode to Iron Painting, he wrote: "Who taught illusion to become pliant around the finger, / Ingeniously surpassing the brush of Jiangnan's Juniao... / This painting clangs long, never to decay" (Shen Haibin, 2024). This illustrates the high regard people held for iron painting at the time.

====Main Characteristics====
Wuhu Iron Painting is a form of painting created using iron as the raw material, also known as "iron flowers." The slight difference between "iron flowers" (铁花) and "iron painting" (铁画) reflects, to some extent, the developmental journey of Wuhu Iron Painting: evolving from iron floral art into iron painting. Its birth in Wuhu was precisely due to the locality's advanced smelting technology, "directly inheriting the forging industry of 'iron flowers'" (Zhang Feiying, 1996). Wuhu Iron Painting "uses the hammer as the brush, iron as the ink, and the anvil as the paper," hailed as "an ingenious creation unparalleled through the ages." It originates from ancient China's mature techniques in metallurgy, iron casting, metal manufacturing, and carving. Initially appearing mainly in forms like toys, Buddhist implements, and lanterns, it gradually absorbed techniques from various arts such as painting, paper-cutting, carving, and inlay, eventually blossoming into a unique art form. As a distinctive category of traditional craft art, it assimilates and draws upon the composition principles of traditional Chinese painting, featuring contrasts between black and white, interplay of solid and void, possessing a unique charm. It is precisely because it extends the style and artistic conception of painting onto the material of iron that Wuhu Iron Painting achieved its own brilliance. It can be said that the creation of iron painting did not emerge from a vacuum but is the result of the inheritance of Chinese artistic spirit onto the material of iron, embodying the consistent aesthetic pursuits and cultural value orientations of the Chinese people over millennia. In terms of subject selection, expressive techniques, and artistic conception shaping, it continues the unique charm characteristic of Chinese art.
In subject selection, iron painting continues the thematic content of traditional literati painting. In its early stages, it primarily focused on landscapes, flowers, and birds, favoring depictions of the "Four Gentlemen" (plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum), as well as themes like fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, and scholars. The painting style wassimple, elegant, fresh and ethereal. Literati painting flourished during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Scholars sought inspiration from nature, expressing their lofty ideals and untrammeled spirits through landscapes, flowers, and birds. Their works did not strive for meticulousness or formal likeness but placed greater importance on spontaneous expression and conveying inner feelings (Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun, 2020). Such trends were particularly prevalent in early Qing Wuhu due to the gathering of numerous painters, mainly from the Gushu Painting School and the Xin'an Painting School. "Faced with hopelessness for reviving the Ming and reluctance to submit to the Qing, they often poured their emotions into the brush tip, frequently painting distant mountains, light waters, strange pines, peculiar rocks, aged plum trees, gnarled bamboo, elegant orchids, and drooping willows, expressing noble and refined, unyielding sentiments" (Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen, 1983).

====Production Process====
The production process of Wuhu Iron Painting is extremely intricate, relying entirely on manual craftsmanship. Its core workflow can be divided into the following meticulous steps:
1. Designing the Draft: Using white paper as the base, meticulously draw a detailed preliminary sketch of the artwork. This serves as the foundation for artistic creation.
2. Material Selection and Forging: According to the design, cut iron plates into rough blanks. After heating in a furnace, the artisan uses hammers of various sizes to repeatedly forge the heated iron. This process causes the iron blank to expand, shape, and gradually form the delicate shapes required by the design, such as petals, leaf veins, and wings. This stage is the soul of the craft, severely testing the artisan's precise control over strength,heat control, and form.
3. Drilling, Filing, and Finishing: Perform detailed grinding,drilling, and filing on the initially forged components to achieve smooth, clear outlines and a even, polished surface texture.
4. Welding and Assembly: Assemble the individual components according to the design composition using precise welding techniques. This builds the complete pictorial structure and spatial layers, ensuring the overall stability and three-dimensional quality of the artwork.
5. Rust Prevention and Final Presentation:Apply strict rust prevention treatment to the finished product, typically involving multiple layers of black lacquer and high-temperature baking. This not only effectively prevents oxidation but also enhances the unique artistic effect of iron painting — "using iron as ink, the anvil as paper." The final result is a visual artwork characterized by distinct black and white contrast, strong visual impact, and timeless elegance.

====Inheritance and Development of Iron Painting====
Throughout history, Wuhu Iron Painting once faced near extinction. In April 1949, the Wuhu Municipal Committee, aiming to excavate folk crafts, conducted extensive investigations and interviews. They invited the sole surviving iron painting artisan, Chu Yanqing, to form airon painting restoration team. Assisted by nine disciples, the over-sixty-year-old Chu Yanqing, after six months of trial forging, successfully created the iron painting Reunion at the Broken Bridge. This piece attracted the attention and support of provincial and municipal leaders, who assigned teachers Wang Shicen and Song Shaohu from the Art Department of Anhui Normal University to assist with design drafts. In 1959, the large-scale iron paintings Welcoming Pine and Meishan Reservoir were installed in the solemn Great Hall of the People. Meanwhile, the iron painting Eagle on a Pine Tree won a gold medal at the Paris Exposition. From then on, Wuhu Iron Painting gained fame both domestically and internationally.
Having undergone over 300 years of inheritance and development, Wuhu Iron Painting has expanded beyond traditional forms like small-scale scenes, painted lanterns, and screens. It has innovated three-dimensional iron paintings, bonsai iron paintings,iron paintings on porcelain plates, as well as pure gold and gilded iron paintings. It has formed five major series encompassing table screens, murals, calligraphy, decorative furnishings, and cultural gifts, with over 200 varieties. With its unique artistic style and charm, it holds a distinctive position in the art world.
However, currently, the profit-driven nature of the market economy continuously impacts the quality of iron painting. Coupled with a generational gap in artisans who possess both traditional Chinese painting and literary cultivation, Wuhu Iron Painting faces difficulties such asdistortion of techniques and potential loss of inheritance. It urgently requires national support and assistance.

===References===
[1] Huang Hui, Luo Yuan 黄辉、罗媛. (2016) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺 [The Artistic Characteristics and Craftsmanship of Wuhu Iron Painting] 理念与设计 (Idea & Design)， (04): 26-30.

[2] Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen 刘伯璜，姚永森. (1983) 芜湖铁画溯源 [Tracing the Origins of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences))， (02): 71-75.

[3] Li Guangsuo 李广锁. (2011) 芜湖铁画艺术探析 [An Analysis of the Art of Wuhu Iron Painting] 硕士学位论文 (Master's Thesis)，苏州大学 (Soochow University).

[4] Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun 史启新，费利君. (2020) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微 [On the Artistic Characteristics and Inheritance Paths of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽工业大学学报（社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Social Science Edition))， 37 (06): 33-36.

[5] Editorial Committee of Wuhu County Local Chronicles 芜湖县地方志编纂委员会 (Ed.). (1993) 芜湖县志 [Wuhu County Annals] 北京：社会科学文献出版社 (Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press): 684.

[6]Zhang Feiying 张飞莺. (1996) 铁画考疑 [Textual Research on Iron Painting] In 安徽省博物馆四十年 [Forty Years of the Anhui Museum] 合肥：黄山书社 (Hefei: Huangshan Publishing House): 259-267.

===Terms and Expression===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===Questions===
1. Approximately when did Wuhu Iron Painting originate?
2. Which two key figures played a significant role in the birth of Wuhu Iron Painting?
3. What is the primary raw material used in Wuhu Iron Painting?
4. What characteristic of iron painting does the phrase "using the hammer as a brush, iron as ink, and the anvil as paper" describe?
5. What are the main steps in the core crafting process of iron painting?
6. What is the name of the famous Wuhu Iron Painting work displayed in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing?

===Answers===

1. It originated approximately during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (mid-to-late 17th century).
2. The Qing Dynasty blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong.
3. Low-carbon steel.
4. It vividly summarizes the core creative concept of Wuhu Iron Painting, which likens the forging tools and process to traditional Chinese writing instruments and the painting process.
5. The main steps include: designing the draft, selecting materials and forging, drilling/filing/finishing, welding and assembly, rust prevention treatment, and mounting.
6. Welcoming Pine.

==期末论文==
===芜湖铁画===
====摘要====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术是中国传统的民间艺术形式，形成于明末清初，以其独特的制作工艺和精湛的艺术表现力受到人们的广泛关注和喜爱，是安徽地区特色文化。铁画以低碳钢为材料，以中国画为蓝本，经过切割、锻造、焊接、打磨、除锈、涂漆、装裱等多道工序制作而成，严格遵循中国画的色彩体系，对应儒、佛、道的文化价值观，体现了崇尚质朴、自然、朴素的审美内涵（黄辉、罗媛，2016：26）。与日本金属浮雕、西方铁艺等相比，芜湖铁画注重中国水墨意境与锻铁工艺的结合。尽管不同金属工艺各具特色，芜湖铁画始终承载着深厚的文化记忆，在非物质文化遗产保护与国际文化交流中持续发挥着重要作用。

====铁画的形成与发展====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术的形成与成熟期大致时间在1644—1775年之间。安徽芜湖铁画由清代顺治、康熙年间铁匠汤天池与画家萧云从相互砥砺而成。《芜湖县志》（1993：684）有记载画家萧云从对汤天池的影响：汤天池在打铁工作之余，总是喜欢去邻居萧云从家看其作画，返家后则“以锤为笔，以砧为砚，锻铁作画”。自问世以来，铁画不仅受到众多远客的青睐，更在士大夫阶层中名噪一时，成为“斋壁雅玩”的珍品，文人墨客更是赋诗赞美。清代金石家朱文藻在《题铁画》一诗中生动描绘道：“乍看似墨泼素绢，山水人物皆空嵌。风飘秀色动兰竹，雪催老杆撑松杉。华轩逼人有寒气，盛暑亦欲添衣裳。最宜桦烛晓风夜，千枝万蕊发翠岩。元明旧迹共谛视，转觉暗淡精神减。”（李广锁，2011）他认为，元明时代的丹青高手与铁画相比，也显得黯然失色。清代诗人梁同书则称赞铁画“无不入妙”“世罕见之”，并在《铁画歌》中写道：“谁叫幻作绕指柔，巧夺江南钧巢笔……此画铮铮长不毁（沈海滨，2024）。”可见当时人们对铁画的喜爱程度。

====主要特点====
芜湖铁画，是利用铁为原料制成的画，又称铁花。铁花与铁画，虽是一字之差，一定程度上却也道出了芜湖铁画发展的历程：由铁花发展成铁画。铁画之所以在芜湖诞生，正是基于当地有着发达的冶炼技术，“直接承袭了‘铁花’的打制业”（张飞莺，1996）芜湖铁画“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”,被称为“巧夺万代所未有”。它源于我国古代成熟的冶金铸铁技术、金属制造工艺和雕刻工艺等，最开始主要以玩具、佛具和灯具等形态出现，随着它吸收绘画、剪纸、雕刻、镶嵌等各种艺术的技法于一体，终成就为一朵艺术之花。它作为独具特色的传统工艺美术品类，吸收并借鉴了传统国画的章法，黑白对比，虚实相生，别具一番情趣。正是因为将绘画的格调和意境绵延到铁的材料上，芜湖铁画才成就了自身的辉煌，可以说，铁画的创制并不是凭空而来，而是中国艺术精神在铁的材料上传承的结果，凝聚着千百年来中国人一如既往的审美追求和文化价值取向，在题材选取、表现手法和意境塑造等方面绵延着中国艺术特有的韵味。
在题材选取上，铁画延续了传统文人画的表现内容，初期多以山水、花鸟为主要题材，热衷于表现梅兰竹菊、渔樵耕读等，而且画风简洁淡雅、清新飘逸。文人画，在明清之际盛极一时，文人们取道自然，寄情于山水花鸟之间，以抒胸中之逸气，其画作不求工整与形似，更在乎随兴所至处之寄托(史启新,费利君,2020)。这样的风气在清初的芜湖，更是因为有众多画家的聚集而风行，其中以姑孰画派和新安画派为主，“他们在兴明无望、顺清不甘的情况下，每每寄情于笔端，多画远山、淡水、怪松、奇石、老梅、虬竹、秀兰、垂柳之类，表现了高尚脱俗、素节不屈的情操”（刘伯璜，姚永森，1983）。

====制作工艺====
芜湖铁画的制作工艺极为繁复，全程依赖匠人手工完成，其核心流程可分为以下几个严谨的步骤：
1.设计稿图：以白纸为底，精心绘制详尽的画面底稿，此为艺术创作的基础。
2.取料锻造：依据图纸，将铁板剪裁为粗坯，经红炉加热后，匠人运用不同型号的铁锤进行反复锻打，使铁坯在高温下延展、定型，逐步塑造出画面中如花瓣、叶脉、羽翼等精细形态。此环节是技艺的灵魂所在，极度考验匠人对力度、火候与形态的精准掌控。
3.钻锉修整：对初步锻造成型的部件进行细致的打磨、钻刻与锉削，使轮廓线条流畅清晰，表面肌理光滑匀称。
4.焊接组装：将各个独立部件依据设计构图，通过精准的焊接技术进行组合拼装，构建出完整的画面结构与层次空间，确保作品整体稳固且富有立体感。
5.防锈处理与最终呈现：对成品进行严格的防锈处理，通常施以多层黑漆并经高温烘烤。此举不仅有效防止氧化，更强化了铁画“以铁为墨，以砧为纸”的独特艺术效果，最终形成黑白分明、对比强烈、永恒典雅的视觉艺术作品。

====铁画的传承与发展====
在历史的长河中，芜湖铁画曾一度濒临绝迹，直至1949年4月，芜湖市委为挖掘民间工艺，经过多方调查与访问，邀请了唯一幸存的铁画艺人储炎庆，组建起铁画恢复小组。年过花甲的储炎庆在九位弟子的协助下，经过半年的试锻，成功创作出铁画《断桥相会》，这幅作品引起了省市领导的重视与支持，并委派安师大艺术系的王石岑、宋哨虎两位老师协助设计画稿。1959年，巨幅铁画《迎客松》和《梅山水库》被布置于庄严的人民大会堂，而铁画《松鹰图》在巴黎博览会上荣获金奖，自此，芜湖铁画声名鹊起，誉满海内外。
芜湖铁画经过300多年的承传和发展，在传统形式的尺幅小景、画灯、屏风等基础上，又创有立体铁画、盆景铁画、瓷板铁画、纯金和镀金铁画等，形成了座屏、壁画、书法、装饰陈设和文化礼品等五大系列200多个品种，以其独特的艺术风格和魅力，在艺坛独树一帜。
但是，当今市场经济的利益驱动不断影响着铁画质量，加上兼备国画和文学修养的铁画艺人出现断代，芜湖铁画面临技艺变形、失传的困境，亟待国家给予支持和扶助。

===参考文献===：
[1]黄辉、罗媛. 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺[J]. 理念与设计,2016:26-30。
[2]刘伯璜，姚永森.芜湖铁画溯源[J].安徽师范大学(哲学社会科学版),1983(2):71-75.
[3]李广锁.芜湖铁画艺术探析[D],苏州大学,2011.
[4]史启新,费利君.芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2020,37(06):33-36.
[5]芜湖县志.社会科学文献出版社,1993:684.
[6]张飞莺.铁画考疑[C]//安徽博物院.安徽省博物馆四十年,1996:259-267.

===术语===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===问题===
1.芜湖铁画大约起源于什么时期？

2.哪两位关键人物对芜湖铁画的诞生起到了重要作用？

3.芜湖铁画最主要的原材料是什么？

4.“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”这句话描述了铁画的什么特点？

5.铁画制作的核心工艺步骤大致分为哪几步？

6.陈列于北京人民大会堂的著名芜湖铁画作品叫什么名字？

===答案===
1.大约起源于明末清初（17世纪中后期）。

2.清代铁匠汤天池和画家萧云从。

3.低碳钢。

4.形象地概括了芜湖铁画将锻铁工具与工艺比拟为中国传统文房用具和绘画过程的核心创作理念。

5.主要步骤包括：设计画稿、取料锻打、钻锉修整、焊接组装、防锈处理与装裱。

6.《迎客松》

Uvu/index.php/User:Liu Ziling

2025-12-29T12:21:04Z

Liu Ziling: Created page with " ==Final Paper== values of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and embodies an aesthetic appreciation for simplicity, naturalness, and plainness (Huang Hui & Luo Yuan, 2016)...."

==Final Paper==
values of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and embodies an aesthetic appreciation for simplicity, naturalness, and plainness (Huang Hui & Luo Yuan, 2016). Compared to Japanese metal relief and Western ironwork, Wuhu Iron Painting emphasizes the integration of Chinese ink painting artistic conception with iron-forging techniques. Although different metal crafts possess their own characteristics, Wuhu Iron Painting consistently carries profound cultural memories and continues to play a vital role in intangible cultural heritage protection and international cultural exchange.

====The Formation and Development of Iron Painting====
The art of Wuhu Iron Painting in Anhui took shape and matured roughly between 1644 and 1775. It was developed through the mutual inspiration and collaboration between the blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods of the Qing Dynasty. The Wuhu County Annals (1993: 684) records the influence of painter Xiao Yuncong on Tang Tianchi: In his spare time from his blacksmith work, Tang Tianchi often visited his neighbor Xiao Yuncong to watch him paint. Returning home, he would then "use the hammer as his brush, the anvil as his inkstone, and forge iron into paintings." Since its inception, iron painting has not only been favored by numerous distant visitors but also gained fame among the scholar-official class, becoming treasured items for "elegant enjoyment in studio
===Wuhu Iron Painting===

====Abstract====
Wuhu Iron Painting, a traditional folk art form originating from Wuhu, Anhui Province, emerged during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It has garnered widespread attention and admiration for its unique crafting techniques and exquisite artistic expression, representing a distinctive cultural feature of the Anhui region. Utilizing low-carbon steel as its material and Chinese painting as its blueprint, iron painting undergoes multiple processes including cutting, forging, welding, grinding, rust removal, painting, and framing. It strictly adheres to the color system of traditional Chinese painting, aligns with the culturalwalls." Literati and poets composed verses in its praise. The Qing Dynasty epigrapher Zhu Wenzao vividly depicted it in his poem Poem on an Iron Painting: "At first glance, it seems like ink splashed on plain silk, / Landscapes and figures all hollowed out in relief. / The breeze wafts elegant hues, stirring orchids and bamboo; / Snow hastens aged trunks, propping up pines and firs. / The splendid hall feels chilling to approach, / Even in sweltering heat, one desires added garments. / Most fitting by birch-candle light on a dawn-breeze night, / A thousand branches, ten thousand buds bursting from verdant cliffs. / Gazing together at old traces from Yuan and Ming, / They turn dull and dim, their spirit diminished" (Li Guangsuo, 2011). He believed that even the master painters of the Yuan and Ming dynasties paled in comparison to iron painting. The Qing poet Liang Tongshu praised iron paintings as "all exquisitely marvelous" and "rarely seen in the world." In his An Ode to Iron Painting, he wrote: "Who taught illusion to become pliant around the finger, / Ingeniously surpassing the brush of Jiangnan's Juniao... / This painting clangs long, never to decay" (Shen Haibin, 2024). This illustrates the high regard people held for iron painting at the time.

====Main Characteristics====
Wuhu Iron Painting is a form of painting created using iron as the raw material, also known as "iron flowers." The slight difference between "iron flowers" (铁花) and "iron painting" (铁画) reflects, to some extent, the developmental journey of Wuhu Iron Painting: evolving from iron floral art into iron painting. Its birth in Wuhu was precisely due to the locality's advanced smelting technology, "directly inheriting the forging industry of 'iron flowers'" (Zhang Feiying, 1996). Wuhu Iron Painting "uses the hammer as the brush, iron as the ink, and the anvil as the paper," hailed as "an ingenious creation unparalleled through the ages." It originates from ancient China's mature techniques in metallurgy, iron casting, metal manufacturing, and carving. Initially appearing mainly in forms like toys, Buddhist implements, and lanterns, it gradually absorbed techniques from various arts such as painting, paper-cutting, carving, and inlay, eventually blossoming into a unique art form. As a distinctive category of traditional craft art, it assimilates and draws upon the composition principles of traditional Chinese painting, featuring contrasts between black and white, interplay of solid and void, possessing a unique charm. It is precisely because it extends the style and artistic conception of painting onto the material of iron that Wuhu Iron Painting achieved its own brilliance. It can be said that the creation of iron painting did not emerge from a vacuum but is the result of the inheritance of Chinese artistic spirit onto the material of iron, embodying the consistent aesthetic pursuits and cultural value orientations of the Chinese people over millennia. In terms of subject selection, expressive techniques, and artistic conception shaping, it continues the unique charm characteristic of Chinese art.
In subject selection, iron painting continues the thematic content of traditional literati painting. In its early stages, it primarily focused on landscapes, flowers, and birds, favoring depictions of the "Four Gentlemen" (plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum), as well as themes like fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, and scholars. The painting style wassimple, elegant, fresh and ethereal. Literati painting flourished during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Scholars sought inspiration from nature, expressing their lofty ideals and untrammeled spirits through landscapes, flowers, and birds. Their works did not strive for meticulousness or formal likeness but placed greater importance on spontaneous expression and conveying inner feelings (Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun, 2020). Such trends were particularly prevalent in early Qing Wuhu due to the gathering of numerous painters, mainly from the Gushu Painting School and the Xin'an Painting School. "Faced with hopelessness for reviving the Ming and reluctance to submit to the Qing, they often poured their emotions into the brush tip, frequently painting distant mountains, light waters, strange pines, peculiar rocks, aged plum trees, gnarled bamboo, elegant orchids, and drooping willows, expressing noble and refined, unyielding sentiments" (Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen, 1983).

====Production Process====
The production process of Wuhu Iron Painting is extremely intricate, relying entirely on manual craftsmanship. Its core workflow can be divided into the following meticulous steps:
1. Designing the Draft: Using white paper as the base, meticulously draw a detailed preliminary sketch of the artwork. This serves as the foundation for artistic creation.
2. Material Selection and Forging: According to the design, cut iron plates into rough blanks. After heating in a furnace, the artisan uses hammers of various sizes to repeatedly forge the heated iron. This process causes the iron blank to expand, shape, and gradually form the delicate shapes required by the design, such as petals, leaf veins, and wings. This stage is the soul of the craft, severely testing the artisan's precise control over strength,heat control, and form.
3. Drilling, Filing, and Finishing: Perform detailed grinding,drilling, and filing on the initially forged components to achieve smooth, clear outlines and a even, polished surface texture.
4. Welding and Assembly: Assemble the individual components according to the design composition using precise welding techniques. This builds the complete pictorial structure and spatial layers, ensuring the overall stability and three-dimensional quality of the artwork.
5. Rust Prevention and Final Presentation:Apply strict rust prevention treatment to the finished product, typically involving multiple layers of black lacquer and high-temperature baking. This not only effectively prevents oxidation but also enhances the unique artistic effect of iron painting — "using iron as ink, the anvil as paper." The final result is a visual artwork characterized by distinct black and white contrast, strong visual impact, and timeless elegance.

====Inheritance and Development of Iron Painting====
Throughout history, Wuhu Iron Painting once faced near extinction. In April 1949, the Wuhu Municipal Committee, aiming to excavate folk crafts, conducted extensive investigations and interviews. They invited the sole surviving iron painting artisan, Chu Yanqing, to form airon painting restoration team. Assisted by nine disciples, the over-sixty-year-old Chu Yanqing, after six months of trial forging, successfully created the iron painting Reunion at the Broken Bridge. This piece attracted the attention and support of provincial and municipal leaders, who assigned teachers Wang Shicen and Song Shaohu from the Art Department of Anhui Normal University to assist with design drafts. In 1959, the large-scale iron paintings Welcoming Pine and Meishan Reservoir were installed in the solemn Great Hall of the People. Meanwhile, the iron painting Eagle on a Pine Tree won a gold medal at the Paris Exposition. From then on, Wuhu Iron Painting gained fame both domestically and internationally.
Having undergone over 300 years of inheritance and development, Wuhu Iron Painting has expanded beyond traditional forms like small-scale scenes, painted lanterns, and screens. It has innovated three-dimensional iron paintings, bonsai iron paintings,iron paintings on porcelain plates, as well as pure gold and gilded iron paintings. It has formed five major series encompassing table screens, murals, calligraphy, decorative furnishings, and cultural gifts, with over 200 varieties. With its unique artistic style and charm, it holds a distinctive position in the art world.
However, currently, the profit-driven nature of the market economy continuously impacts the quality of iron painting. Coupled with a generational gap in artisans who possess both traditional Chinese painting and literary cultivation, Wuhu Iron Painting faces difficulties such asdistortion of techniques and potential loss of inheritance. It urgently requires national support and assistance.

===References===
[1] Huang Hui, Luo Yuan 黄辉、罗媛. (2016) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺 [The Artistic Characteristics and Craftsmanship of Wuhu Iron Painting] 理念与设计 (Idea & Design)， (04): 26-30.

[2] Liu Bohan, Yao Yongsen 刘伯璜，姚永森. (1983) 芜湖铁画溯源 [Tracing the Origins of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences))， (02): 71-75.

[3] Li Guangsuo 李广锁. (2011) 芜湖铁画艺术探析 [An Analysis of the Art of Wuhu Iron Painting] 硕士学位论文 (Master's Thesis)，苏州大学 (Soochow University).

[4] Shi Qixin, Fei Lijun 史启新，费利君. (2020) 芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微 [On the Artistic Characteristics and Inheritance Paths of Wuhu Iron Painting] 安徽工业大学学报（社会科学版） (Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Social Science Edition))， 37 (06): 33-36.

[5] Editorial Committee of Wuhu County Local Chronicles 芜湖县地方志编纂委员会 (Ed.). (1993) 芜湖县志 [Wuhu County Annals] 北京：社会科学文献出版社 (Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press): 684.

[6]Zhang Feiying 张飞莺. (1996) 铁画考疑 [Textual Research on Iron Painting] In 安徽省博物馆四十年 [Forty Years of the Anhui Museum] 合肥：黄山书社 (Hefei: Huangshan Publishing House): 259-267.

===Terms and Expression===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===Questions===
1. Approximately when did Wuhu Iron Painting originate?
2. Which two key figures played a significant role in the birth of Wuhu Iron Painting?
3. What is the primary raw material used in Wuhu Iron Painting?
4. What characteristic of iron painting does the phrase "using the hammer as a brush, iron as ink, and the anvil as paper" describe?
5. What are the main steps in the core crafting process of iron painting?
6. What is the name of the famous Wuhu Iron Painting work displayed in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing?

===Answers===

1. It originated approximately during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (mid-to-late 17th century).
2. The Qing Dynasty blacksmith Tang Tianchi and the painter Xiao Yuncong.
3. Low-carbon steel.
4. It vividly summarizes the core creative concept of Wuhu Iron Painting, which likens the forging tools and process to traditional Chinese writing instruments and the painting process.
5. The main steps include: designing the draft, selecting materials and forging, drilling/filing/finishing, welding and assembly, rust prevention treatment, and mounting.
6. Welcoming Pine.

==期末论文==
===芜湖铁画===
====摘要====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术是中国传统的民间艺术形式，形成于明末清初，以其独特的制作工艺和精湛的艺术表现力受到人们的广泛关注和喜爱，是安徽地区特色文化。铁画以低碳钢为材料，以中国画为蓝本，经过切割、锻造、焊接、打磨、除锈、涂漆、装裱等多道工序制作而成，严格遵循中国画的色彩体系，对应儒、佛、道的文化价值观，体现了崇尚质朴、自然、朴素的审美内涵（黄辉、罗媛，2016：26）。与日本金属浮雕、西方铁艺等相比，芜湖铁画注重中国水墨意境与锻铁工艺的结合。尽管不同金属工艺各具特色，芜湖铁画始终承载着深厚的文化记忆，在非物质文化遗产保护与国际文化交流中持续发挥着重要作用。

====铁画的形成与发展====
安徽芜湖铁画艺术的形成与成熟期大致时间在1644—1775年之间。安徽芜湖铁画由清代顺治、康熙年间铁匠汤天池与画家萧云从相互砥砺而成。《芜湖县志》（1993：684）有记载画家萧云从对汤天池的影响：汤天池在打铁工作之余，总是喜欢去邻居萧云从家看其作画，返家后则“以锤为笔，以砧为砚，锻铁作画”。自问世以来，铁画不仅受到众多远客的青睐，更在士大夫阶层中名噪一时，成为“斋壁雅玩”的珍品，文人墨客更是赋诗赞美。清代金石家朱文藻在《题铁画》一诗中生动描绘道：“乍看似墨泼素绢，山水人物皆空嵌。风飘秀色动兰竹，雪催老杆撑松杉。华轩逼人有寒气，盛暑亦欲添衣裳。最宜桦烛晓风夜，千枝万蕊发翠岩。元明旧迹共谛视，转觉暗淡精神减。”（李广锁，2011）他认为，元明时代的丹青高手与铁画相比，也显得黯然失色。清代诗人梁同书则称赞铁画“无不入妙”“世罕见之”，并在《铁画歌》中写道：“谁叫幻作绕指柔，巧夺江南钧巢笔……此画铮铮长不毁（沈海滨，2024）。”可见当时人们对铁画的喜爱程度。

====主要特点====
芜湖铁画，是利用铁为原料制成的画，又称铁花。铁花与铁画，虽是一字之差，一定程度上却也道出了芜湖铁画发展的历程：由铁花发展成铁画。铁画之所以在芜湖诞生，正是基于当地有着发达的冶炼技术，“直接承袭了‘铁花’的打制业”（张飞莺，1996）芜湖铁画“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”,被称为“巧夺万代所未有”。它源于我国古代成熟的冶金铸铁技术、金属制造工艺和雕刻工艺等，最开始主要以玩具、佛具和灯具等形态出现，随着它吸收绘画、剪纸、雕刻、镶嵌等各种艺术的技法于一体，终成就为一朵艺术之花。它作为独具特色的传统工艺美术品类，吸收并借鉴了传统国画的章法，黑白对比，虚实相生，别具一番情趣。正是因为将绘画的格调和意境绵延到铁的材料上，芜湖铁画才成就了自身的辉煌，可以说，铁画的创制并不是凭空而来，而是中国艺术精神在铁的材料上传承的结果，凝聚着千百年来中国人一如既往的审美追求和文化价值取向，在题材选取、表现手法和意境塑造等方面绵延着中国艺术特有的韵味。
在题材选取上，铁画延续了传统文人画的表现内容，初期多以山水、花鸟为主要题材，热衷于表现梅兰竹菊、渔樵耕读等，而且画风简洁淡雅、清新飘逸。文人画，在明清之际盛极一时，文人们取道自然，寄情于山水花鸟之间，以抒胸中之逸气，其画作不求工整与形似，更在乎随兴所至处之寄托(史启新,费利君,2020)。这样的风气在清初的芜湖，更是因为有众多画家的聚集而风行，其中以姑孰画派和新安画派为主，“他们在兴明无望、顺清不甘的情况下，每每寄情于笔端，多画远山、淡水、怪松、奇石、老梅、虬竹、秀兰、垂柳之类，表现了高尚脱俗、素节不屈的情操”（刘伯璜，姚永森，1983）。

====制作工艺====
芜湖铁画的制作工艺极为繁复，全程依赖匠人手工完成，其核心流程可分为以下几个严谨的步骤：
1.设计稿图：以白纸为底，精心绘制详尽的画面底稿，此为艺术创作的基础。
2.取料锻造：依据图纸，将铁板剪裁为粗坯，经红炉加热后，匠人运用不同型号的铁锤进行反复锻打，使铁坯在高温下延展、定型，逐步塑造出画面中如花瓣、叶脉、羽翼等精细形态。此环节是技艺的灵魂所在，极度考验匠人对力度、火候与形态的精准掌控。
3.钻锉修整：对初步锻造成型的部件进行细致的打磨、钻刻与锉削，使轮廓线条流畅清晰，表面肌理光滑匀称。
4.焊接组装：将各个独立部件依据设计构图，通过精准的焊接技术进行组合拼装，构建出完整的画面结构与层次空间，确保作品整体稳固且富有立体感。
5.防锈处理与最终呈现：对成品进行严格的防锈处理，通常施以多层黑漆并经高温烘烤。此举不仅有效防止氧化，更强化了铁画“以铁为墨，以砧为纸”的独特艺术效果，最终形成黑白分明、对比强烈、永恒典雅的视觉艺术作品。

====铁画的传承与发展====
在历史的长河中，芜湖铁画曾一度濒临绝迹，直至1949年4月，芜湖市委为挖掘民间工艺，经过多方调查与访问，邀请了唯一幸存的铁画艺人储炎庆，组建起铁画恢复小组。年过花甲的储炎庆在九位弟子的协助下，经过半年的试锻，成功创作出铁画《断桥相会》，这幅作品引起了省市领导的重视与支持，并委派安师大艺术系的王石岑、宋哨虎两位老师协助设计画稿。1959年，巨幅铁画《迎客松》和《梅山水库》被布置于庄严的人民大会堂，而铁画《松鹰图》在巴黎博览会上荣获金奖，自此，芜湖铁画声名鹊起，誉满海内外。
芜湖铁画经过300多年的承传和发展，在传统形式的尺幅小景、画灯、屏风等基础上，又创有立体铁画、盆景铁画、瓷板铁画、纯金和镀金铁画等，形成了座屏、壁画、书法、装饰陈设和文化礼品等五大系列200多个品种，以其独特的艺术风格和魅力，在艺坛独树一帜。
但是，当今市场经济的利益驱动不断影响着铁画质量，加上兼备国画和文学修养的铁画艺人出现断代，芜湖铁画面临技艺变形、失传的困境，亟待国家给予支持和扶助。

===参考文献===：
[1]黄辉、罗媛. 芜湖铁画的艺术特色和工艺[J]. 理念与设计,2016:26-30。
[2]刘伯璜，姚永森.芜湖铁画溯源[J].安徽师范大学(哲学社会科学版),1983(2):71-75.
[3]李广锁.芜湖铁画艺术探析[D],苏州大学,2011.
[4]史启新,费利君.芜湖铁画的艺术特色及其传承路径探微[J].安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版),2020,37(06):33-36.
[5]芜湖县志.社会科学文献出版社,1993:684.
[6]张飞莺.铁画考疑[C]//安徽博物院.安徽省博物馆四十年,1996:259-267.

===术语===
Wuhu Iron Painting 芜湖铁画

Iron Flowers 铁花

Forging 锻打

Low-carbon steel 低碳钢

Scholar-official class 士大夫阶层

Welding 焊接

Rust prevention 防锈处理

Framing 装裱

Artistic conception 意境

Literati painting 文人画

Intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

===问题===
1.芜湖铁画大约起源于什么时期？

2.哪两位关键人物对芜湖铁画的诞生起到了重要作用？

3.芜湖铁画最主要的原材料是什么？

4.“以锤为笔，以铁为墨，以砧为纸”这句话描述了铁画的什么特点？

5.铁画制作的核心工艺步骤大致分为哪几步？

6.陈列于北京人民大会堂的著名芜湖铁画作品叫什么名字？

===答案===
1.大约起源于明末清初（17世纪中后期）。

2.清代铁匠汤天池和画家萧云从。

3.低碳钢。

4.形象地概括了芜湖铁画将锻铁工具与工艺比拟为中国传统文房用具和绘画过程的核心创作理念。

5.主要步骤包括：设计画稿、取料锻打、钻锉修整、焊接组装、防锈处理与装裱。

6.《迎客松》

File:黄梅戏.pptx

2025-12-12T10:32:22Z

Liu Ziling:

File:Opera-Huangmei opera.pptx

2025-12-11T13:16:01Z

Liu Ziling:

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-11T13:00:56Z

Liu Ziling: /* 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]
|-

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Chinese Paper-cutting [[Media:Chinese_Paper-cutting_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
<span style="color:red">Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.</span>
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

Chinese Language and Culture - 2025

2025-12-11T12:43:41Z

Liu Ziling: /* 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed */

Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]]! The AI website for our course is: https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php

=Overview about this semester's student presentations=

== 📅 Presentation Schedule ==

=== 2025-10-16 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Luó Yǔyān || 罗语嫣 || 202570081748 || 275. Zhuazhou [[Media:Zhuazhou_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Qū Yuèníng || 曲悦宁 || 202570081750 || 267. Mazu culture
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Zhuóshàn || 李卓善 || 202570081692 || 282. Black Myth: Wukong [[Media:Black Myth: Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Mǐnjié || 张敏杰 || 202570081730 || 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China [[Media:Eight Major Cuisines of China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Qín Míngwén || 秦铭雯 || 202570081704 || 19. Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac [[Media:Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Zēng Lín || 曾琳 || 202570081670 || 27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy [[Media: calligraphy 2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Dèng Xuě || 邓雪 || 202570081742 || Panda
|-
| 8 || Guō Xiǎopèi || 郭晓佩 || 202570081678 || 25. Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance[[Media:Body movements performance: traditional Chinese dance]]
|-
| 9 || Zhāng Xiāorán || 张潇然 || 202570081759 || Chinese Ancient Weapons
|}

=== 2025-10-23 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zēng Língkǎi || 曾凌楷 || 202570081774 || 213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核)
|-
| 2 || Chén Kěxīn || 陈可心 || 202570081671 || The Five Famous Mountains [[Media:The_Five_Famous_Mountains_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Liú Jiāqí || 刘嘉琪 || 202570081696 || Chinese liquor culture
|-
| 4 || Wáng Guóshū || 王国姝 || 202570081753 || Red envelope and lucky money
|-
| 5 || Chén Qiānyùn || 陈仟运 || 202570081673 || 203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 [[Media:Chinese_horror_movies_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Hé Yí || 何怡 || 202570081743 || 262. The four pillars of destiny [[Media:The four pillars of destiny.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Zhāng Méiróng || 张梅容 || 202570081729 || 227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama (中国式霸总小说&短剧)
|-
| 8 || Lǐ Wénqīng || 李文清 || 202570081690 || 132. Porcelain [[Media:Chinese Porcelain.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Zǐlíng || 刘紫玲 || 202570081699 || 185. Opera: Huangmei opera 黄梅戏[[Media:Opera:Huangmei opera.pptx]]

=== 2025-10-24 (周五) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wēng Lánlín || 翁岚淋 || 202570081712 || 217. Cha Bai Xi / Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) [[Media:Cha_Bai_Xi_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Huáng Yàngyàng || 黄样样 || 202570081682 || 234. Dragon Lantern Dance [[Media:Dragondance.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Lǐ Yòu || 李又 || 202570081691 || Kite-flying (放风筝)
|-
| 4 || Mǎ Yījiāo || 马一礁 || 202570081700 || 242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉)[[Media:Hu Nan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Zhū Zhū || 朱珠 || 202570081738 || 37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy-Reading the Analects
|-
| 6 || Wáng Rǎnrǎn || 王冉冉 || 202570081709 || Shandong cuisine 鲁菜
|-
| 7 || Yáng Shūwén || 杨淑雯 || 202570081722 || Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan [[Media: Breakfast_Culture_of_Wuhan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Méi Xīléi || 梅希雷 || 202570081701 || 69. Language: Chinese Dialects[[Media:Language: Chinese Dialects.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Liú Huì || 刘慧 || 202570081695 || 204. Stand-up Comedy [[Media:Stand-up Comedy.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-10-30 (周四) - Completed ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Cáo Wén || 曹文 || 202570081669 || 171. Science and Technology: Taobao（淘宝）[[Media: Science and Technology: Taobao. pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Míngbō || 陈明菠 || 202570081672 || Education: training Schools
|-
| 3 || Dèng Xīnyǔ || 邓欣雨 || 202570081674 || 253. Yuelu mountain 岳麓山[[Media:Yuelu Mountain（岳麓山）.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Dèng Xīn || 邓鑫 || 202570081675 || 196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles [[Media: Chinese Electric Vehicles.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Fāng Xiān || 方鲜 || 202570081676 || 100. Money Culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) [[Media: Money Culture Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty).pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Fú Róng || 符蓉 || 202570081677 || 225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（"村超"：中国乡村足球联赛）
|-
| 7 || Guō Yùróng || 郭玉熔 || 202570081679 || 14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese architecture [[Media:Fengshui_in_Architecture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Hè Jìngtóng || 贺婧童 || 202570081680 || 13. Three Great Towers in China
|-
| 9 || Hú Lěi || 胡磊 || 202570081681 || 193. Science and Technology: Buy together (PDD)[[Media:Science and Technology(PDD).pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Huáng Yáo || 黄瑶 || 202570081683 || Cheongsam
|-
| 11 || Martin Woesler || 吴漠汀 || xxx || Teacher presentation [[Media:02.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-06 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

周四换成：6 Wáng Zǐxīn 王紫新 202570081710 138.Round Table Culture；

周五换成：7 Líng Xīaoyáo 凌逍遥 202570081693 43.Chinese Folk Argot

Teacher presentation [[Media:02a.pptx]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Huáng Yīlín || 黄伊琳 || 202570081684 || Chinese incense culture
|-
| 2 || Jiǎng Kèyǔ || 蒋克雨 || 202570081686 || 221. Zhongyuan festival [[Media:Zhongyuan_Festival_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Kǒng Xiángyǎ || 孔祥雅 || 202570081687 || 266. Hui culture [[Media:Hui_culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Lǐ Mèngxiá || 李孟霞 || 202570081688 || 243. Chinese names
|-
| 5 || Lǐ Pàn || 李盼 || 202570081689 || 175. The Photo Retouching Culture in China [[Media:The_Photo_Retouching_Culture_in_China_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 6 || Wáng Zǐxīn || 王紫新 || 202570081710 || 138.Round Table Culture [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 7 || Liú Dān || 刘丹 || 202570081694 || 232. Sun Wukong (孙悟空) [[Media:Sun_Wukong_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Liú Xīn || 刘欣 || 202570081697 || 170. Paper cutting
|-
| 9 || Liú Yuán || 刘缘 || 202570081698 || Language: Hakka Dialect 1845
|}

=== 2025-11-07 (周五) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

Forum Discussion: Concept of Tianxia https://dcg.de/ai/uni/chinese_language_culture.php#tianxia

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Pān Liànyàn || 潘恋艳 || 202570081702 || 283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture [[Media:Guangdong morning tea.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Péng Xiāngrú || 彭湘茹 || 202570081703 || 5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia [[Media:Crying Marriage of Tujia.pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Qū Yìyǐng || 曲奕颖 || 202570081705 || 216. The Story of Ming Lan 知否知否应是绿肥红瘦
|-
| 4 || Rèn Yàrú || 任亚茹 || 202570081706 || 63. Mogao Grottoes
|-
| 5 || Rèn Yíngyíng || 任盈盈 || 202570081707 || 263. Shaolin Temple
|-
| 6 || Shū Yǔlù || 舒雨璐 || 202570081708 || 133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song《青花瓷》
|-
| 7 || Líng Xiāoyáo || 凌逍遥 || 202570081693 || 70. Chinese folk argot
|-
| 8 || Wèi Fāngxīn || 魏方鑫 || 202570081711 || 152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks [[Media:Chopsticks_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Wú Hóngpíng || 吴洪萍 || 202570081713 || 31. Chinese clothing [[Media:Chinese Clothing_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Xiàng Xīnlěi || 向馨磊 || 202570081714 || 179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love
|}

=== 2025-11-13 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Xiàng Xuěbīng || 向雪冰 || 202570081715 || TBD - Xiàng Xuěbīng
|-
| 2 || Xiào Sūqín || 肖苏秦 || 202570081716 || 197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua-Velvet Flowers 绒花
|-
| 3 || Xióng Ruòyáo || 熊若瑶 || 202570081717 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 4 || Yán Zhéwén || 严哲文 || 202570081718 || 9. Architecture: The Forbidden City [[Media: Architecture The Forbidden City.pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Yáng Hàodān || 杨皓丹 || 202570081719 || 209. Tofu meatball with pig blood(猪血丸子）
|-
| 6 || Yáng Jīnyǔ || 杨金雨 || 202570081720 || 96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine
|-
| 7 || Yáng Jìngwèi || 杨婧蔚 || 202570081721 || 45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera [[Media:Facial Make-up Face Changing in Sichuan Opera.pptx]]
|-
| 8 || Yáng Xīrán || 杨晰然 || 202570081723 || 191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers [[Media: 191. The Culture of Flowers.pptx]]
|-
| 9 || Yáng Yǔxuān || 杨宇轩 || 202570081724 || 20. Milk tea 奶茶[[Media:Milk Tea-.pptx]]
|-
| 10 || Yì Yǎlán || 易雅兰 || 202570081725 || 235.Bamboo Weaving 竹编 [[Media:Bamboo_Weaving_2025.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-20 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yú Chēn || 余琛 || 202570081726 || 174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 饺子 [[Media: Jiaozi.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Yuè Ziháo || 岳子豪 || 202570081727 || 108. Opera: Peking Opera (京剧)
|-
| 3 || Zhāng Lì || 张丽 || 202570081728 || 180. Tangyuan (汤圆)[[Media:Tangyuan_2025.pptx]]
|-
| 4 || Zhāng Shuàichāo || 张帅超 || 202570081731 || Ancient Chinese education
|-
| 5 || Zhāng Yǔméng || 张雨蒙 || 202570081732 || 208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao (步摇)
|-
| 6 || Zhào Jǐntāo || 赵锦涛 || 202570081733 || Culture of Chinese Electric Car
|-
| 7 || Zhào Mǐn || 赵敏 || 202570081734 || Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China
|-
| 8 || Zhào Yíxiāo || 赵怡潇 || 202570081735 || 205. Bride-price
|-
| 9 || Zhèng Shān || 郑珊 || 202570081736 || 278. The Beef Board Noodle
|-
| 10 || Zhōu Wénxuān || 周文萱 || 202570081737 || 23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing [[Media: Chinese Lion Dance.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-11-27 (周四) - 共 9 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Zhù Yèhuī || 祝烨晖 || 202570081739 || 251. Rice Noodle Roll 肠粉 [[Media:251. Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǎqí || 陈雅琪 || 202570081740 || 157. Traditional Cuisine—hotpot [[Media: Traditional Cuisine— hotpot. pptx]]
|-
| 3 || Chén Yǔfēi || 陈宇飞 || 202570081741 || 91. Martial Arts: Wushu
|-
| 4 || Huáng Yǎqiàn || 黄雅倩 || 202570081745 || 93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) [[Media:Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). pptx]]
|-
| 5 || Lín Zhǐyí || 林芷怡 || 202570081746 || 92. Frolics of the Five Animals (wuqinxi)
|-
| 6 || Liú Kāngyí || 刘康怡 || 202570081747 || 112. Huagu Opera (花鼓戏)
|-
| 7 || Lǚ Píng || 吕萍 || 202570081749 || 102. Music and instruments: guzheng
|-
| 8 || Shěn Yàn || 沈燕 || 202570081751 || 241. Abacus (珠算)
|-
| 9 || Tán Tíngtíng || 谭婷婷 || 202570081752 || 202. The Legend of Zhen Huan《甄嬛传》[[Media:The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
|}

=== 2025-12-04 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Wèi Méng || 魏萌 || 202570081754 || Zhang Zhongjing
|-
| 2 || Xiè Xuán || 谢璇 || 202570081755 || 02. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese marriage customs (中式婚礼)
|-
| 3 || Yáng Tíng || 杨婷 || 202570081756 || 254. Traditional Crafts: Tie-Dye
|-
| 4 || Yáng Yǔqíng || 杨雨晴 || 202570081757 || 259. Female writers
|-
| 5 || Yáng Yuàn || 杨媛 || 202570081758 || 188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games (手游)
|-
| 6 || Zhāng Yuè || 张悦 || 202570081760 || 265. Cuisine: changed spicy salted duck
|-
| 7 || Zhōu Xuán || 周璇 || 202570081761 || 186. The "reference" of Chinese Music (中国音乐的"借鉴")
|-
| 8 || Zhōu Yáng || 周洋 || 202570081762 || 148. Handcraft—Chinese knots
|-
| 9 || Guō Yǔtíng || 郭雨婷 || 202570081763 || 238. Three famous chinese mountains 中国三山
|-
| 10 || Jiāng Wǎnlíng || 姜宛灵 || 202570081685 || 1.Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development
|}

=== 2025-12-11 (周四) - 共 10 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Lǐ Fán || 李凡 || 202570081764 || 150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft 点翠
|-
| 2 || Péng Lùxī || 彭露曦 || 202570081765 || 52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play
|-
| 3 || Hú Mínghào || 胡明浩 || 202570081766 || 270. The Yingge Dance (英歌舞)
|-
| 4 || Huáng Lèlè || 黄乐乐 || 202570081767 || 6.The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China
|-
| 5 || Jiāng Jiāyǔ || 姜佳宇 || 202570081768 || 224. Jiangxi Cuisine (赣菜)
|-
| 6 || Liáng Yǔtóng || 梁羽彤 || 202570081769 || 256. Danmu (弹幕)
|-
| 7 || Péng Ruǐmiáo || 彭蕊苗 || 202570081770 || 178.Erhu(二胡）
|-
| 8 || Qín Níng || 秦宁 || 202570081771 || 28.The Evolution of Calligraphy(汉字的演变）
|-
| 9 || Wú Jǐnxuán || 吴瑾璇 || 202570081772 || 274. God of Wealth (财神)
|-
| 10 || Hé Yǐng || 何颖 || 202570081744 || 276. Nail art (美甲)
|}

=== 2025-12-18 (周四) - 共 8 个演讲 ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Name (Pinyin) !! 中文 !! 学号 !! Topic
|-
| 1 || Yǐn Ziháo || 尹子豪 || 202570081773 || TBD - Yǐn Ziháo
|-
| 2 || Chén Yǔjiā || 陈雨佳 || 202570081775 || 203. Beverages: Tea
|-
| 3 || Wāng Jīnyán || 汪金妍 || 202570081776 || 158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking
|-
| 4 || Yì Yǔtíng || 易雨婷 || 202570081777 || 268. Table manners
|-
| 5 || Hán Jiāyàn || 韩佳燕 || 202570081778 || 236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World
|-
| 6 || Liào Rútíng || 廖如婷 || 202570081779 || 169. Cuisine: Luosifen
|-
| 7 || Wáng Huìān || 王慧安 || 202570081780 || 128. TikTok (Douyin)
|-
| 8 || Wú Héng || 吴姮 || 202570081781 || 215. Live Streaming E-commerce (直播电商)
|}

=Session 1 Thu Sep 25 19:00-21:35 room 613 - Organizational issues=

==What we learn in this class==
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective.
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).

==Students' contribution==
*Every student needs to prepare the textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class.
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 1 pptx presentations of 5 min. (without AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a interactive quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI

==Textbook==
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are 283 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.

==Agreement on use of classroom time==
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)

----
==Homework for every session==
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.

==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_2025.pptx]]

==Homework for Session 2==
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on https://bou.de/u and then "Register" in the top right corner, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions. More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation").

==Prepare ppt (10 students)==
Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations

Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?

Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)

Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?

Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?

Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?

Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?

Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?

Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?

Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?

Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?

Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?

Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?

Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on, plus an interactive quiz: The first ten presenters will have to present in two weeks!

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63

7. Animals: Panda 71

8. Architecture 78

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188

20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197

21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218

24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291

33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395

43. Facial Make-up 406

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431

46. Fine Arts: Painting 440

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459

50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）

51. Games: Kite Flying 468

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）

53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535

58. History: Carl and Cixi 548

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642

68. Language: Chinese Language 649

69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823

84. Literature: Modern Literature 832

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865

89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873

91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975

103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996

105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005

106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018

107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）

108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141

121. Religion: Buddhism 1155

122. Religion: Daoism 1170

123. Religion: Christianity 1175

124. Religion: Islam 1181

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)

127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300

137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308

138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514

160. Traditional Festivals 1518……

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558 (She Xiao)

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569

167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582

169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 （Chen Sisi)

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676

178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 (Liu Yunxi)

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701

181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740

185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845

195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)

196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)

197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845

198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845

199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845

200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845

201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845

202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)

203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)

204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）

205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845

206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845

207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)

208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 (Yang Jing)

209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）

210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845

211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845

212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)

213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)

214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845 (Cai Yichun)

215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)

216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)

217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)

218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)

219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)

220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）

221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）

222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845

223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）

224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)

225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)

226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845

227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)

228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845

229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)

230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)

231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)

232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）

233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)

234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）

235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)

236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)

237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）

238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）

239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)

240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)

241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845

242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)

243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845

244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)

245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao)

246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）

247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）

248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）

249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845

250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845

251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )

252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）

253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）

254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）

255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）

256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)

257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845

258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845

259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)

260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao)

261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845

262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845

263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)

264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845

265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）

266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)

267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)

268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）

269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845

270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)

271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）

272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）

273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)[[File:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]

274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845

275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）

276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）

277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)

278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)

279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）

280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)

281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）

282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)

283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）

=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Topics for today==
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)

You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?

Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.

27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan) [[Media:Chinese_Calligraphy.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]

Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)

Topic 7

Topic 8

Topic 9

Topic 10

=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
==Presentations==
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86

2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]

3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]

4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]

5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]

6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:Hot_Pot_Spring_2025.pptx]]

7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_New_Great_Inventions_Spring_2025.pptx]]

==Notes on presentations==
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.

1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)

2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism

3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money

4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union

5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers

6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87

7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86

==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==

75/103 students, 24级 MA翻译, class representative: Zhang Jiaxin
# Jin Yichen
# lu jiahui
# li yuan
# cao yuan
# xiao luyu
# zhang jiaxin +5
# ye sitong
# zhao yashi
# jiang xinyue
# yan xiang
# fei xinyu
# zhang qi
# dai shiru
# zhang zixi
# zheng kaiwu
# cai yichun
# yang jing
# liao dan
# luo yan
# qin yi
# shao keyuan
# cao chunyang
# xu yangyang
# liao zuoyun
# cheng sixiang
# du jiangping
# liu qi
# miao yunlong
# huang qiaoqiao
# chen lin
# duan binyao
# li ting
# zeng zhi
# xing xueqing
# luo jingyan
# liu shutian
# gao xiaoqing
# chen zhen
# luo guoqiang -1-1-1
# she xiao
# he yunfeng
# liu ying
# du yuan
# li jiayi
# tao yao
# xu xinwen
# ou huang
# liu peini
# jiang ziqiang
# zhang huifang
# liu chao
# liu yunxi
# luo jiaxin
# li mei
# zeng xiaohui
# huang yixuan
# chen anqi
# chen ting
# zhang mai
# yuan xiaolin -1-1
# li mingfeng
# dai yexun-1-1
# yang pei -1
# tang yan
# xiang jianning-1
# liu chang -1
# wang yuxin
# lv jiahao-1
# dong jiating
# lu wei
# yang yue
# guo cili
# shen shuai
# Ouyang yihong
# li zihan -1
# zuo fang
# fu sihui
# xiao zixin -1
# zhou tianyi -1
# qi zhiyang -1-1
# liu pei
# gong wei
# chen sisi
# huang sinan
# xiao yikang
# yu jingfang
# luo sicheng
# yang jiahong
# yan jidong
# xiao yawen
# geng hongmei
# zhou le
# qiu ping
# wang huaixing
# wang xinyu
# chu hanqi
# wu jiating
# zhang meiling
# liu jianan
# song xin
# zhao qi
# zheng jinlian
# li linyao

=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:260 The Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty.pptx]]
#Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 153:Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]
#Topic 233: Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]
#Topic 182: Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui) [[Media:Rich_Businessmen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 156: Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1491 (Xiao Zixin) [[Media:Tanghulu_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating) [[Media:Round_Table_Culture_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 174: Jiaozi (Liu Pei) [[Media:Dumplings_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing)

=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 50: Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi） [[Media:Weiqi_Go_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 110:Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)[[Media:Opera Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang.pptx]]
# Topic 131: Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu) [[Media:Silk_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 224: Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜）(Liao Dan) [[Media:Jiangxi_Cuisine.pptx]]
# Topic 169: Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 (Chen Sisi) ） [[Media:Luosifen_Spring_2025.pptx]]
# Topic 167: History: Wang Shouren 1573 （Lv Jiahao)[[Media:History_Wang_Shouren_.pptx]]
# Topic 183: Jiangxi Gan Opera （Wang Xinyu） [[Media:Jiangxi Gan opera.pptx]]
# Topic 165: Worship: Chinese Incense Culture (She Xiao) [[Media:Chinese Incense Culture.pptx]]
#133.Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing) [Media: Silk and Porcelain]

=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=

#Topic 188:Mobile Games 手游 1783 （Du Jiangping）[[Media:Mobile_Game.pptx]]
#Topic 191:Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）)[[Media:Aesthetic_ideals_and_social_customs-_The_Culture_of_Flowers.pptx]]
#Topic 193:Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)
#Topic 195:Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)[[Media: Cuju.pptx]]
#Topic 202:The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)[[Media: The Legend of Zhen Huan.pptx]]
#Topic 203:Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)[[Media: Chinese Horror Movies.pptx]]
#Topic 185:Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）)[[Media: Huangmei Opera.pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
清明节4月4日——4月6日
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 Zhishan Bldg. room 303 - Student presentations=
#Topic 133:Silk and Porcelain: Celadon and “Celadon Song”青花瓷歌词（Wang Huaixing）
#Topic 179:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love（Liu Yunxi）[[Media:Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .pptx]]
#Topic 181:Animals：Golden Monkey(Xiao Yawen)
#Topic 196:The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]
#Topic 204:Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）
#Topic 220:Rice cake 年糕 (Dong Jiating)
#Topic 208:Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao(Yang Jing)[[Media:Chinese Traditional Ornament-Buyao.pptx]]
#Topic 209:Tofu meatball with nia blood(Li Ting2)[[Media:Pig_Blood_Balls.pptx]]
#Topic 212:Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2) [[Media:Training classes .pptx]]

=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 213: Chinese Dreamcore (Zhang Zixi)[[Media:Chinese Dreamcore.pptx]]
#Topic 215: Live-streaming e-commerce (Tao Yao)[[Media:Live-Streaming E-Commerce.pptx]]
#Topic 216: The Story of Ming Lan (Ye Sitong)[[Media:The Story of Minglan.pptx]]
#Topic 218: Guangdong Herbal tea (Gao Xiaoqing)
#Topic 219: Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） (Huang Qiaoqiao)[[Media:Seal carving.pptx]]
#Topic 207: Shan Dong Cuisine (Lu Wei) [[Media:Lu_Wei-207-Shandong_Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 221: Zhongyuan Festival (Ou Huang)[[Media:The Zhongyuan Festival.pptx]]
#Topic 223: The Return of the Pearl Princess (Lu Jiahui)[[Media:The Return of the Pearl Princess.pptx]]

=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 217: Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art（茶百戏）(Yang Jiahong)[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]
#Topic 225: Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）(Shen Shuai)
#Topic 227: Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)[[Media:Chinese_Bossy_Fictions_and_Microdramas.pptx]]
#Topic 229: Jingdezhen Porcelain(Xiao Luyu)[[Media:Jingdezhen Porcelain.pptx]]
#Topic 230: Gayageum（伽倻琴）(Zhang Meiling) [[Media:Gayageum.pptx]]
#Topic 231: The plague and couplet in Chinese garden(Wang Yuxin)[[Media:The Plague and Couplets in Chinese Garden.pptx]]
#Topic 232: Sun Wukong(Li Yuan)[[Media:0425 Sun Wukong.pptx]]
#Topic 234: Dragon Lantern Dance(Jin Yichen)[[Media:Jin Yichen Dragon Lantern Dance.pptx]]
#Topic 235: Bamboo Weaving(Chen Anqi)[[Media:Bamboo Weaving.pptx]]
#Topic 236: Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World(Xu Xinwen)[[Media:Harbin Ice and Snow World.pptx]]

==Please enroll in ai platform==
Please enroll (register) in the platform https://dcg.de/ai/

=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
劳动节5月1日——5月5日

=Session 12 Tue May 06 10:00-11:40 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 238: Three Famous Chinese Mountains(Liu Chang)
#Topic 239: Female emperor-Wu Zetian(女皇武则天)(Song Xin) [[Media:Wu Zetian.pptx]]
#Topic 240: Clay sculpture (泥塑）(Chen Lin)[[Media:Clay Sculpture.pptx]]
#Topic 242: Hunan Rice Noodles(Gong Wei)[[Media:Hunan Rice Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 244: Chinese Popular Memes(中国网络流行热梗）(Xiao Yikang)[[Media:Chinese popular Memes.pptx]]
#Topic 245: Douzhi (豆汁)(Li Linyao)[[Media:Douzhi.pptx]]
#Topic 246: New Year Wood-block Paintings(Du Yuan)[[Media:Du Yuan New Year Wood-block Painting.pptx]]
#Topic 247: Carved lacquer（雕漆）(Liu Qi)[[Media:Carved lacquer.pptx]]
#Topic 237: Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)(Li Zihan)

==Regarding Wu Zetian‘s blank Steele==
关于武则天的“无字碑”（又称“无字碑记”）为何没有刻字，学界和民间流传着几种主要的假设：
#功过自有后人评说（最广为流传）：武则天希望后世自己来评价她的一生，不愿由自己或当时的人定论。这种说法强调了她的自信与超越常规。
#避讳批评或争议：武则天是中国历史上唯一的女皇帝，争议颇多。她可能认为无论写什么内容都容易引发非议，因此选择不刻字以避免争议。
#彰显佛教思想：她信奉佛教，而佛教讲究“空”与“无”，无字碑可能象征“空性”或“无常”，体现她的宗教哲学。
#未来自我书写：也有人猜测她原计划晚年或死前再刻碑文，但去世后未及实现，遂留下空碑。
#彰显权力与独特性：无字碑作为一种非同寻常的表达形式，也可视为权力和个性的象征，显示她与众不同的统治地位。

⸻

English Translation:

There are several main hypotheses about why Wu Zetian’s stele (often called the “Wordless Stele”) bears no inscription:
#“Let future generations judge” (most popular view): Wu Zetian may have wanted her life and legacy to be judged by later generations rather than writing her own praise. This interpretation highlights her confidence and forward-thinking.
#To avoid criticism or controversy: As the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian was a controversial figure. She may have felt that any written content could provoke criticism, so she left it blank.
#Reflecting Buddhist philosophy: A devout Buddhist, she may have chosen to leave the stele blank as a symbol of “emptiness” or impermanence, ideas central to Buddhist thought.
#Intended to write later: Some believe she planned to inscribe it later in life but passed away before doing so, leaving the monument unfinished.
#Symbol of power and uniqueness: A blank stele could also serve as a unique and powerful statement, emphasizing her exceptional status and breaking with traditional forms.

=Session 13 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 248: Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山）(Yu Jingfang) [[Media:Jing_Gang_Mountain_Spring_2025.pptx]]
#Topic 251: Rice noodle roll (Li Mingfeng)[[File:Rice Noodle Roll.pptx]]
#Topic 252: Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine (Liu Shutian)[[Media:Northeastern Chinese Cuisine.pptx]]
#Topic 253: Yuelu Mountain (Chen Ting) [[Media:Yuelu_Mountain.pptx]]
#Topic 254: Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye (Zhang Qi)[[Media:Traditional_Crafts_Tie-Dye.pptx]]
#Topic 255: Chinese-style sun protection (Zhao Yashi)[[ File:Chinese-style Sun Protection.pdf]]
#Topic 256: Danmu（弹幕）(Zhou Le)[[Media:Danmu.pptx]]
#Topic 259: Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua (Zhou Tianyi)[[Media:Voices of Chinese Female Writers.pptx]]
#Topic 214: Luban China's inventor (Cai Yichun)[[Media:Luban_China's_Inventor.pptx]]

=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=
#Topic 262: The Four Pillars of Destiny(Li Jiayi) [[Media:Eight Characters.pptx]]
#Topic 263: Shaolin Temple(Zuo Fang) [[Media:Shaolin Temple.pptx]]
#Topic 265: Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck(Xing Xueqing)[[Media:Changde spicy salted duck.pptx]]
#15:25-15:30 Topic 266: Hui Culture (徽文化)(Liu Jianan)[[Media:Hui Culture.pptx]]
#15:30- Topic 267: Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化)(Yan Jidong)[[Media:Mazu culture.pptx]]
#15:35- Topic 268: Table manner(Luo Yan)[[Media:Table manner.pptx]]
#15:40- Topic 270: Yingge Dance(Jiang Xinyue)[[Media:Yingge Dance.pptx]]
#15:45- Topic 271: Palace Lantern(Shao Keyuan)[[Media:Palace_Lantern.pptx]]
#15:50- Topic 272: Chinese Endearing Terms(Zeng Zhi)[[Media:Chinese Endearing Terms.pptx]]

15:55-16:10 Check final exam paper topics

=Session 15 Tue May 27 10:00-11:30 中和楼 213 (moved from Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613) - Student presentations=
#Topic 273: Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐）(Luo Sicheng)[[Media:Changsha Stinky Tofu.pptx]]
#<nowiki>Topic 274:</nowiki> God of wealth(Liu Ying)[[Media:God of Wealth.pptx]]
#Topic 275: Zhua zhou (抓周）(Zeng Xiaohui) [[Media:Zhuazhou.pptx]]
#Topic 276: Nail art(Luo Jiaxin)[[Media:Nail_Art.pptx]]
#Topic 277: Mirror(Cheng Sixiang)[[Media:Mirror_Cheng Sixiang.pptx]]
#Topic 278: The Beef Board Noodles(Yan Xiang)[[Media:Beef Board Noodles.pptx]]
#Topic 279: Huo Qubing(Luo Jingyan)
#Topic 280: Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院）(Guo Cili)[[Media:Chinese Courtyard Houses-Guo Cili.pptx]]
#Topic 281: yangqin(Dai Yexun)[[Media:Yangqin.pptx]]

=Session 16 Fri Jun 6 14:30-16:10 room 613=
#Topic 282: Black Myth: Wukong (Chen Zhen)
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture (Yuan Xiaolin)[[Media:Guangdong_Morning_Tea.pptx]]
#Topic 283: Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化）(Zheng Jinlian)[[Media:Guangdong Morning Tea Culture-Zheng Jinlian.pptx]]
#Topic:(Luo Guoqiang) Liuyang Fireworks

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

AI使用说明：
在写本论文时，本人使用了DeepSeek帮助修改语法和提升用词准确度。如有错误，责归本人。

=Deadline extended to June 20, 2025 - Final Exam=
<span style="color:red">Please upload your ppt if you not have done so so far.</span>
[[Media:282_Black_Myth_Wukong_Chen_Zhen.pptx]]

Topic 196:[[Media:Chinese_Electtic_Vehicles_Geng_hongmei.pptx]]

[[Media:ChaBaiXi.pptx]]

==Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations==
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like "good" or "best", but did it instead use vocabulary like "fascinating", "surprising" etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?

Liuyang Fireworks
“When flaming trees join silver flowers in one blaze, and bridges of stars unlock their iron gates,” fireworks have, since ancient times, embodied humanity’s yearning for prosperity and blessings. These luminous spectacles paint the night sky with dreamlike beauty, symbolizing hopes for a better life. When it comes to fireworks, one cannot overlook Liuyang, a city renowned as the “Home of Chinese Fireworks.” With over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world.
The origins of Liuyang fireworks can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Li Tian, revered as the “Forefather Saint of Firecrackers,” filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers. Through generations of inheritance and innovation, Liuyang’s artisans continuously refined their craft. From the rudimentary bamboo-tube firecrackers of old times to the “string firecrackers” wrapped in paper and hemp stems during the Song Dynasty, and finally to today’s vibrant, intricately designed displays, Liuyang fireworks chronicle the evolution of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Liuyang’s fireworks industry thrived, becoming a cornerstone of local handicrafts and expanding its reach nationwide and abroad. In the first year of the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Liuyang firecrackers were selected as imperial tributes, a testament to their superior quality. By the Qianlong era, they dominated the Hunan region, and during the Guangxu period, exports reached Asian countries like Japan, India, and Korea.
A millennium of heritage has not only bestowed profound cultural depth upon Liuyang fireworks but also forged their unique brand identity. In 2006, the art of Liuyang fireworks craftsmanship was inscribed on China’s first batch of National Intangible Cultural Heritage lists, acknowledging its invaluable cultural significance. Today, Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks. Home to over 400 manufacturing enterprises and thousands of associated businesses, it generates an annual output value exceeding 50 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of China’s total fireworks exports. These products reach more than 100 countries across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, solidifying Liuyang’s reputation as the global epicenter of fireworks.
However, the modern era presents new challenges for the fireworks industry. Safety and environmental protection have emerged as critical constraints. Historically, Liuyang’s fireworks relied on family-run workshops, posing significant safety risks. To address this, the local government relocated enterprises to mountainous areas, promoting industrial standardization, scale, and modernization. Leveraging big data and AI, they established comprehensive, intelligent supervision systems to ensure safety at every production stage. In terms of environmental protection, Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
In response to market shifts and technological advancements, a new generation of Liuyang’s “fireworks innovators” drives industry transformation. They have introduced products like “Urban Fireworks,” designed for urban settings. These safe, eco-friendly items blend aesthetic appeal with social interactivity, winning favor among young consumers. Innovating sales strategies, they integrate online and offline channels, utilizing “new retail” stores, Vlogs, and video platforms to reach wider audiences. Additionally, Liuyang has developed a “fireworks economy,” integrating pyrotechnics with cultural tourism. Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue. These shows combine cutting-edge technologies like drones and AI with cultural IPs, creating immersive experiences that have transformed Liuyang fireworks from a regional brand into a global cultural icon.
Emerging from the depths of history, Liuyang fireworks embrace the new era with innovation as their brush and culture as their ink. Against the backdrop of safety and sustainability, they paint a future more resplendent than ever. Serving as Liuyang’s cultural ambassador and a vivid example of traditional Chinese culture’s modern evolution, Liuyang fireworks continue to shine brightly, a timeless beacon of human ingenuity.

Terms and expressions
luminous 发光的
craftsmanship手艺，技艺
artisan工匠，手艺人
imperial朝廷的
leverage利用
crane无人机
resplendent辉煌的，灿烂的
beacon灯塔，信标
ingenuity心灵手巧

Questions
1.Why is Liuyang called “Home of Chinese fireworks”?
2.How did Li Tian invent the fireworks?
3.What did the locals address the environmental challenges of fireworks?
4.What do you know about the fireworks show held at the sky theater?
Answers
1.Because with over a thousand years of craftsmanship, Liuyang has given birth to fireworks that captivate the world and Liuyang stands as the world’s largest production, trade, and research hub for fireworks.
2.Li Tian filled bamboo tubes with gunpowder to dispel plagues. The explosive force and resulting smoke were believed to purify the environment, marking the embryo of firecrackers.
3.Liuyang’s enterprises collaborated with prestigious universities, such as Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Beijing Institute of Technology, to develop new materials, techniques, and products. Their efforts have led to the creation of low-smoke, sulfur-free, and low-dust fireworks, redefining the industry’s ecological footprint.
4.Since 2023, weekly weekend fireworks show at the Sky Theater have hosted over a hundred events, attracting 5 million visitors and generating 15 billion yuan in revenue.

AI Statement
In writing this paper, I utilized DeepSeek to help me with grammar refinement and lexical precision. Any errors in the text remain my responsibility.

浏阳烟花
“火树银花合，星桥铁锁开。” 烟花，自古以来就承载着人们对美好生活的向往与祝福，在夜空中绽放出如梦如幻的美景。而提及烟花，就不得不提湖南浏阳 —— 这座被誉为 “中国烟花之乡” 的城市，它以千余年的烟花制作历史，孕育出了享誉全球的浏阳烟花。
浏阳烟花的历史，最早可追溯到唐代。相传，“爆竹祖师” 李畋为驱散疫病，将火药装填于竹筒之中，利用爆炸产生的气浪与硝烟来改善环境，这便是鞭炮的雏形。此后，经过历代浏阳人的传承与创新，烟花制作工艺不断改进。从最初简单的竹筒爆竹，发展到宋代用纸筒和麻茎裹火药编成的 “编炮”，再到后来色彩斑斓、造型各异的烟花，浏阳烟花的发展历程见证了中国传统手工艺的演变与进步。到了明清时期，浏阳烟花的生产已颇具规模，成为当地重要的手工行业，并逐渐走向全国乃至世界。清雍正元年，浏阳鞭炮因其制作精良，被选为贡品，这无疑是对其品质的极高赞誉。至乾隆年间，浏阳花炮已称雄于湖南的三湘四水；光绪年间，更是达到极盛时期，产品远销日本、印度、朝鲜等亚洲国家。
千年的历史传承，不仅让浏阳烟花积累了深厚的文化底蕴，更铸就了其独特的品牌魅力。2006 年，浏阳花炮制作技艺列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这是对浏阳烟花文化价值的高度认可。如今，浏阳已成为全球最大的烟花爆竹生产贸易基地和科研中心，拥有 400 余家烟花生产企业及上千家产业链上下游企业，花炮年产值超 500 亿元，出口占全国出口总量的 70%，产品销往美洲、欧洲、东南亚等 100 多个国家和地区，“世界烟花看浏阳” 的美誉名副其实。
然而，随着时代的发展，烟花产业也面临着诸多挑战。安全与环保，成为了制约其发展的两大关键因素。过去，浏阳烟花多以家庭式作坊生产为主，安全隐患较大。为了改变这一现状，浏阳市政府果断采取措施，将烟花企业 “赶上山”，推动产业向工厂化、规模化、标准化发展。同时，借助大数据监控和人工智能平台，实现了对烟花爆竹生产全过程、全方位、智能化的安全监管。在环保方面，浏阳烟花企业积极开展科研攻关，与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等高等院校广泛合作，研发新材料、新工艺、新产品，致力于打造低碳、绿色、环保的烟花新形象。如今，微烟、无硫、少尘已成为浏阳烟花生产的关键词。
面对市场变化和技术革新，新一代浏阳 “烟花人” 积极创新，推动烟花产业转型升级。一方面，他们重新定义产品，推出了 “城市烟花” 等适合城市休闲场景的新产品，这类产品安全性高、污染小，且有颜值与社交属性，深受年轻消费者喜爱。另一方面，创新销售方式，通过打造 “新零售” 门店、拍摄 Vlog、搭建视频号矩阵等线上线下融合的方式，让烟花走进更多消费者的世界。此外，浏阳还大力发展 “烟花经济”，将烟花与文化旅游产业深度融合。
自 2023 年以来，每周六在天空剧院推出的周末焰火秀，已累计举办各类焰火燃放活动百余场，吸引游客 500 万人次，拉动消费 150 亿元。创意焰火秀通过与无人机、AI 等新科技相结合，以及融入国风、虚拟人物、热门影视等 IP 元素，为观众带来了一场场精彩纷呈的沉浸式视觉盛宴，也让浏阳花炮实现了从区域性品牌向国际知名 IP 的蝶变升级。
从历史深处走来的浏阳烟花，在新时代的浪潮中，正以创新为笔，以文化为墨，在安全与环保的底色上，描绘出更加绚烂多彩的未来画卷。它不仅是浏阳的城市名片，更是中国传统文化在现代社会中传承与发展的生动例证，绽放永不落幕的璀璨光芒。

问题
1.为什么浏阳被称为 “中国烟花之乡”？
2.李畋是如何发明烟花的？
3.当地人如何应对烟花带来的环境挑战？
4.你对天空剧院举办的烟花秀有什么了解？
答案
1.因为拥有千年以上的工艺传承，浏阳孕育出了令世界着迷的烟花，并且成为全球最大的烟花生产、贸易和研发中心。
2.李畋将火药填入竹筒中，用于驱散瘟疫。其爆炸力和产生的烟雾被认为能净化环境，这标志着鞭炮的雏形。
3.浏阳的企业与南京理工大学、北京理工大学等知名高校合作，研发新材料、新技术和新产品。他们的努力促成了低烟、无硫、低尘烟花的诞生，重新定义了行业的生态足迹。
4.自2023 年起，天空剧院每周周末举办的烟花秀已累计举办超百场活动，吸引 500 万游客，创造 150 亿元收入。

参考文献
1.谭仲池. 星空的灿烂文化. 北京：中国经济出版社，2007.
2.李秀琴. 烟花爆竹安全与管理. 北京：化学工业出版社，2007.
3.周仁友. 烟花爆竹工艺与防护. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2014.
4.姚辉. 烟火特效技术与应用. 长沙：湖南科技出版社，2009.

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