China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chinese Languages and Cultures

2020-11-30T08:00:36Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Text B Qigong */

Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]

Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

=Organizational Things=
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
==Description of Homework==
===Regular students===
1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

===Website Admin student===
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).
===Online Survey students===
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

==Edits==
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
* Correct an earlier translation.
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

==Material==
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

=Schedule=
1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Peking Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Peking Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

==1st Session==
Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can '''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==2nd Session: Unit 1==
===Text A Geography===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Traditional Festivals===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Traditional Science===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

==='''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==3rd Session: Unit 2==
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

===Text B Calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==='''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]

===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...

==='''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==5th Session: Unit 4==
===Text A Tea===

Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Silk ===
吴琼张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]

===Text C Porcelain ===
Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Celadon ===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==='''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==

===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===

Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking ===

Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Two Famous Dishes ===
Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

===Text D Chopsticks ===

Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

==7th Session: Unit 6==

===Text A Painting ===

Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Seal-cutting ===

Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===

Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==='''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==8th Session: Unit 7==

===Text A Architecture ===

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Gardens ===

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C The Summer Palace ===

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==9th Session: Unit 8==

===Text A Classical Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Modern Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Contemporary Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by[[File:Handout-Contemporary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===

Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]

Handout by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]

==='''Homework from Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020), due for Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201116_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==10th Session: Unit 9==

===Text A Peking Opera ===

Presentation by [[Media:Beijing opera.pptx]]--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:14, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 甘奉玉 [[Media:Beijing Opera Hanout.ogg]]--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 15:53, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing or Peking?

From the English perspective, for some foreign names (city names, people‘s names etc.) there are English translations existing, e.g. for Roma it is „Rome“, for München it is Munich. Similarly, Beijing in English is Peking, Guangzhou Canton, Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung etc. Also in Chinese, there are Chinese translations of foreign names, like Niuyue 纽约、Bali 巴黎 etc. Of course, in exceptional cases, e.g. if you want to say how Chinese people pronounce Peking („Beijing“) you may use the official Pinyin notation „Beijing“.

===Text B Mei Lanfang ===

Presentation by Zeng Liang[[Media:Mei Lanfang.pptx]]--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 06:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Chen Yongxiang [[Media:Mei Lanfang handout.docx]]--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Acrobatics ===

==='''Homework from Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020), due for Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201123_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==11th Session: Unit 10==
Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong

===Text A Wushu ===

Presented by 张慧 [[Media:Chinese Martial Arts.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 07:58, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 赵晓燕,[[Media:Chinese martial arts.docx]]--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Qigong ===

Presented by Rajabov Anushervon [[Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.pptx]]--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Ngo Thi Minh Huong [[Media:Qigong.docx]] --[[User:Ngo Thi Minh Huong|Ngo Thi Minh Huong 10]] ([[User talk:Ngo Thi Minh Huong|talk]])

===Text C Huo Yuanjia ===

Presented by 欧阳玲 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia.pptx]]--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:04, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

Handout by 周艺文 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia Handout.docx]]--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:13, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==12th Session: Unit 11==
Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine , B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

==13th Session: Unit 12==
Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity

==14th Session: Unit 13==
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

==15th Session: Unit 14==
Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

==16th Session: Unit 15==
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

=='''Final Exam paper - You can write it now and improve and correct it until grading on Dec 15, 2020'''==
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. Please also provide a Chinese translation of the text. You can '''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her final exam paper on that page.

Chinese Languages and Cultures

2020-11-30T07:56:21Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Text B Qigong */

Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]

Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

=Organizational Things=
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
==Description of Homework==
===Regular students===
1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

===Website Admin student===
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).
===Online Survey students===
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

==Edits==
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
* Correct an earlier translation.
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

==Material==
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

=Schedule=
1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Peking Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Peking Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

==1st Session==
Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can '''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==2nd Session: Unit 1==
===Text A Geography===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Traditional Festivals===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Traditional Science===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

==='''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==3rd Session: Unit 2==
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

===Text B Calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==='''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]

===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...

==='''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==5th Session: Unit 4==
===Text A Tea===

Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Silk ===
吴琼张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]

===Text C Porcelain ===
Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Celadon ===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==='''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==

===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===

Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking ===

Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Two Famous Dishes ===
Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

===Text D Chopsticks ===

Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

==7th Session: Unit 6==

===Text A Painting ===

Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Seal-cutting ===

Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===

Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==='''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==8th Session: Unit 7==

===Text A Architecture ===

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Gardens ===

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C The Summer Palace ===

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==9th Session: Unit 8==

===Text A Classical Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Modern Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Contemporary Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by[[File:Handout-Contemporary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===

Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]

Handout by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]

==='''Homework from Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020), due for Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201116_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==10th Session: Unit 9==

===Text A Peking Opera ===

Presentation by [[Media:Beijing opera.pptx]]--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:14, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 甘奉玉 [[Media:Beijing Opera Hanout.ogg]]--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 15:53, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing or Peking?

From the English perspective, for some foreign names (city names, people‘s names etc.) there are English translations existing, e.g. for Roma it is „Rome“, for München it is Munich. Similarly, Beijing in English is Peking, Guangzhou Canton, Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung etc. Also in Chinese, there are Chinese translations of foreign names, like Niuyue 纽约、Bali 巴黎 etc. Of course, in exceptional cases, e.g. if you want to say how Chinese people pronounce Peking („Beijing“) you may use the official Pinyin notation „Beijing“.

===Text B Mei Lanfang ===

Presentation by Zeng Liang[[Media:Mei Lanfang.pptx]]--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 06:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Chen Yongxiang [[Media:Mei Lanfang handout.docx]]--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Acrobatics ===

==='''Homework from Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020), due for Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201123_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==11th Session: Unit 10==
Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong

===Text A Wushu ===

Presented by 张慧 [[Media:Chinese Martial Arts.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 07:58, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 赵晓燕,[[Media:Chinese martial arts.docx]]--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Qigong ===

Presented by Rajabov Anushervon [[Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.pptx]]--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Ngo Thi Minh Huong [[Media:Qigong.docx]]

===Text C Huo Yuanjia ===

Presented by 欧阳玲 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia.pptx]]--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:04, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

Handout by 周艺文 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia Handout.docx]]--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:13, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==12th Session: Unit 11==
Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine , B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

==13th Session: Unit 12==
Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity

==14th Session: Unit 13==
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

==15th Session: Unit 14==
Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

==16th Session: Unit 15==
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

=='''Final Exam paper - You can write it now and improve and correct it until grading on Dec 15, 2020'''==
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. Please also provide a Chinese translation of the text. You can '''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her final exam paper on that page.

File:Qigong.docx

2020-11-30T07:47:06Z

NgoThiMinhHuong:

20201123 cult

2020-11-30T05:30:31Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==
1.Chinese Wushu is more than kungfu. It embodies a profound philosophy and a sense of human life and social values.--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 17:59, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

中国武术不仅仅是功夫。它体现了深刻的哲学以及对人类生活和社会价值的感知。

2.According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails, limbs and bones, five senses and nine orifices with the various tissues and organs of the superficial portion of the body, giving the body an organic integrity.

按照中医的说法，是将五脏和六内脏，四肢和骨头，五种感官和九个小孔与人体浅表部分的各种组织和器官联系起来的通道和侧支。有机完整性。

3.Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success. They arranged competitions between Huo and some of the best judo athletes from Japan. However, all of them were defeated by this Chinese wushu master.

上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元佳的名字和成功表示了憎恨。他们安排了Huo和一些日本最好的柔道运动员之间的比赛。但是，他们都被这位中国武术大师击败。

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1 中国武术不仅涵盖了西方体育的多种运动形式，而且，还拥有独特的东方传统运动形式、深邃的思想和厚重的文化。

Chinese martial arts not only covers multiple sports forms of western sports, but also has a unique eastern traditional sports form, profound thoughts and culture.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2 气功的内容非常广泛，其特点是通过练功者的主观努力对自己进行身心锻炼，主要包括调身、调心、调息、自我按摩和肢体活动等。

The content of Qigong is very extensive, and its characteristic is to exercise the body and mind through the practitioner‘s efforts , which mainly includes body adjustment, heart adjustment, breath adjustment, self-massage and physical activities.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3 霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。如今，纪念馆已列为天津市重点文物保护单位和天津市青少年爱国主义教育基地。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Former Residence Memorial Hall of Huo Yuanjia since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero. Today, the memorial hall has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit and a youth patriotism education base in Tianjin.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 新中国为顺应国际形势，以全国之力全民发展竞技体育，导致中国武术被卷入体育范畴，以比赛、竞技等形式进行“发展”。

Since its founding, China developed competitive sports along with the international trend supported by the whole nation. Therefore, wushu was involved in sports and developed in the form of competition and athletics. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

To be kept abreast of the international trend, China promoted competitive sports for all as a national effort, thus Chinese martial arts being included in sports and developing in the form of competition.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 与体育锻炼相比，气功更强调人的心理状态对人体健康的影响，强调通过主动的自我精神活动来调整自身的生理活动。

Compared with physical exercise, qigong emphasizes the influence of men’s psychological states on their own health, and it focuses on regulating physiological processes through mental activities on their own initiative. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Compared with physical exercise, qigong places more emphasis on the influence of the psychological states on human health, and on regulating physiological processes through spontaneous spiritual cultivation.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 1901年，有一俄国人来津在戏园卖艺，他在报纸上发广告，自称“世界第一大力士”，打遍中国无敌手。霍元甲看了广告极为气愤，并提出要与之决一雌雄。或许是迫于霍元甲的气势，“俄国大力士”竟灰溜溜地逃离了天津。

In 1901, a Russian came to Tianjin and made a living as a performer in an opera garden. He advertised on newspaper that he was the most powerful man in the world and was undefeated in China. When reading that, Huo Yuanjia was furious and asked for fighting it out. Forced by the momentum of Huo, the so-called "Russian strongman" departed Tianjin in disgrace. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

In 1901, a Russian came to Tianjin and made a living as a performer in a theater. He advertised in the newspaper that he was the “World’s Greatest Hercules” and that he had no rivals in China. Huo Yuanjia was furious at the advertisement and proposed a duel with him. Perhaps due to Huo’s deterrence, the “Russian Hercules” fled Tianjin in disgrace.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.若舍弃我武之魂，去炫耀，去张扬，去异门竞技，去追逐异族之魂（譬如奥林匹克精神），则只会自我主动降损安全性，和制造仇敌，对自身并无任何裨益。

Showing off power and seeking competence and spirit like Olympic spirit instead of keeping the spirit of our martial art only incur self-damaging and more enemies and will not do any good to yourself.

2.遗憾的是文化大革命把中国的传统文化——气功打入十八层地狱的最底层。搞气功的都成了“牛鬼蛇神”。

Unfortunately, due to the Cultural Revolution, Qigong, Chinese traditional culture, was dumped to the lowest depth of the hell and was disdained by people. People engaged in this are deemed to be evil and bad.

3.霍元甲死于日本人的恶意下毒，这样的剧情处理是比较经济的选择，因为这样编织剧情比较简单，轻松，不必像荷马先生那样绞尽脑汁想出个阿喀琉斯的脚后跟却费力不讨好。

Huo Yuanjia was maliciously poisoned by Japanese, which seemed to be a relatively reasonable choice to deal with the plot, much more simple and easy, unlike Homer, who racked up his mind and came up with the Achilles’s Heel but get little reward.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 09:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. So a definition of Chinese martial arts is the art of stopping war or the art of stopping violence.
因此，中国武术的定义是制止战争的艺术或制止暴力的艺术。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. Qigong is a philosophy of physical and meditative routines, and the tai chi exercise people practice in the parks can be considered a type of qigong too.
气功是一种身体和冥想活动的哲学，人们在公园里练习太极拳也可以被认为是一种气功。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. He would spend hours peeping through a hole he’d made in the courtyard wall.
他会花几个小时从他在院墙上挖的洞里偷窥.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==
1.武术（功夫）起源于中国古代约2500年以前。在众多武术套路中，太极拳最流行,而少林拳亦历史悠久，享有盛名。

Wushu (or Kungfu) appeared in ancient China as early as 2, 500 years ago. Among the many forms, Taijiquan may enjoy the highest popularity. Shaolin-quan is one of the well-known forms of Wushu with a long history.

2.气功，中国的一种健身运动，动作轻柔，注重冥想和吐纳，功效广泛，比如改善身体协调能力，降血压，甚至还有缓解抑郁的功能。

Qigong, a Chinese health practice based on gentle movements, meditation and breathing, has wide-ranging benefits, including improving balance, lowering blood pressure and even easing depression.

3.霍元甲的生活故事被改编成许多电影和电视连续剧。在这些改编作品中，他被描绘成一位英雄武术家，在面对外国侵略时竭力维护中国人民的尊严。

Huo's life story has been adapted into a number of films and television series. In these adaptations, Huo is typically depicted as a heroic martial artist who fights to uphold the dignity of the Chinese people in the face of foreign aggression. --[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 13:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论。根据黄河所划分的地理区域，中国武术的风格可分为北方风格和南方风格。

The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams. Styles of Chinese martial arts can be categorized as the Northern style and the Southern style according to the geographical regions divided by the Yellow River.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 自中华人民共和国成立以来，气功得到进一步发展，主要用于康复和保健，成为医学、生理学、生物学等学科的重要学习科目。

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, qigong has been further developed for healing and health preservation purposes, and has been studied as an important subject not just within medicine, but also in physiology and biochemistry.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, qigong has been further developed. It is mainly for healing and health care and has been an important subject of medicine, physiology and biochemistry.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲一生虽然短暂，却因其武艺出众、执仗正义、扬我国威而家喻户晓。

Although Huo Yuanjia's life was short, he became a household name because of his outstanding martial arts, upholding justice and promoting China's prestige.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Although Huo Yuanjia's life was short, he became known to every household because of his outstanding martial arts, upholding justice and promoting China's prestige.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==

1.改革开放后,武术一般按其内容分为套路和搏击格斗两个类别。
After the reform and opening up, martial art is generally divided into two categories of routine and fighting.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

After the reform and opening up, martial art is generally divided into two categories--routine and fighting.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:56, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。
Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation and disease elimination.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。
Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and disease prevention.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 03:06, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。
In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north, Huang Feihong in the south, and both the northern and southern swordsmen are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Wushu with a long history can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It has a broad mass base and is a precious cultural heritage being accumulated and enriched by Chinese labors through long-term social practices.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2、气功认为人有三宝:精气神。通过修炼人身体内的这三宝，积精累气，凝神静心，达到经络通达，强壮身体，祛除疾病，甚至挖掘人体潜力的目的。

It is believed in Qigong that people have three treasures: essence, energy and spirit. Cultivating the three treasures in our bodies through saving essence and energy and calming down spirit can help dredge meridians, build up a strong body, remove diseases and even exploit our potentials.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3、孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。
Sun Yat-sen spoke very highly of Huo Yuanjia’s courage and insight that Chinese people should protect the country and strengthen themselves through force. On the 10th anniversary of the Jingwu Association, Sun Yat-sen was present and wrote the four Chinese characters “尚武精神” (the spirit of martial arts) to memorize Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Grosheva, Anna==

1.In contemporary times, wushu has become an international sport through the International Wushu Federation (IWUF), which holds the World Wushu Championships every two years.
在当代，武术已通过国际武术联合会成为一项国际运动，该联盟每两年举行一次世界武术锦标赛.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Qigong exercise is an internal exercise routine to move the qi around in the body and learn to control the qi.
气功锻炼是一种内部锻炼程序，可以使体内的气举运动和学习控制气势。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.This was their own brand of kung fu, developed for service as bodyguards, taught in full to sons of the family and in part to any students who had the money to learn.
这是他们自己的功夫品牌，是作为保镖服务而开发的，完全传授给全家的儿子，部分教导有钱学习的学生。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==

1. 中国武术的起源可以追溯到原始社会。当时的人类用棍棒等工具与野兽搏斗，逐渐积累了一些攻防经验。而商代产生田猎更被视为武术训练的重要手段。

The origin of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to primitive society. At that time, humans used sticks and other tools to fight with wild animals, and gradually accumulated some experience in attack and defense. In the Shang Dynasty, hunting was considered an important means of martial arts training.

2.气功在保健方面有独特的功效。他是建立在整体生命观理论基础上，通过主动的内向性运用意识活动的锻炼，改造、完美、提高人体的生命功能，把自然的本能变为自觉智能的实践。气功与中医、武术一起，被认为是重要中华传统文化之一，受到世界范围内许多人的喜爱。

Qigong has unique effects on health care. It is based on the theory of a holistic view of life. It is a practice that transforms, perfects and improves the life functions of the human body through the active inward application of conscious activity, turning natural instincts into conscious intelligence. Along with Chinese medicine and martial arts, qigong is considered to be one of the most important traditional Chinese cultures and is loved by many people around the world.

3. 也许，历史迷雾中的霍元甲故事，有这样或者那样艺术加工的部分，但是，霍元甲所创精武体育会时倡导的“国民欲拒辱，必当自强”的尚武自强意识，确实是那个时代以来前赴后继的国人的真实愿望和想法。

The story of Huo Yuanjia in the fog of history may have one or more artistic processing, but Huo Yuanjia created the Jingwu Sports Association advocated that "the people want to resist humiliation, must be self-improvement," the sense of self-strengthening martial arts, is indeed the real wishes and thoughts of the people since that era.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.中国是东方武术的主要发源地，有着世界上独一无二的“武文化”。中国武术又被称为“功夫”，是中国传统文化的很重要一环，是中国民族体育的主要内容之一，是几千年来中国人民用以锻炼身体和自卫的一种方法。以往，人们只能在一些书中或者表演中感受到中国武术的影响力，现在它的影响力已经体现在一些电影电视中，有了更多的观众群体。中国武术已经传播到国外，吸引了全世界的广泛注意。

As one of the main birth places of Oriental martial arts, China has the unique “martial culture” in the world. Chinese martial arts, also known as Kung Fu, is an important component of Chinese culture, a major part of Chinese national sport, as well as a way for Chinese people to build their bodies and defend themselves over the past thousands of years. In the past, the influence of Chinese martial arts could be felt only in books or performances. Nowadays, the influence has found expression in some movies and television programs, so that it is reaching a much wider audience. As a result, Chinese martial arts have spread beyond China’s borders and captured the wide attention of the people around the world.

2.气功是中国文化的杰出遗产，也是传统中医的一个重要组成部分。它是以调心、调息、调身为手段的身心锻炼方法。气功能解乏并改善睡眠质量，从而提高工作效率。因此，在当代中国气功仍然很流行。气功分为医疗气功和健身气功两类：医疗气功用于治疗身体疾病;健身气功主要用于强健体魄，延缓衰老。越来越多的外国人加入练气功的行列。

Qigong is an outstanding legacy of Chinese culture as well as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It is to exercise both the body and the mind through the regulation of the mind,the breath and the body.Qigong relieves fatigue and improves sleep quality so as to improve work efficiency,which is why it is still popular in China now.There are two kinds of Qigong practices,that is,healing Qigong and fitness Qigong. The former serves as a treatment for diseases while the latter is used for strengthening the body and delaying aging.An increasing number of foreigners join the ranks of practicing Qigong.

3.在我国武术史上一共有几个与帝国主义侵略者斗争的武术大师，其中最为让后世子孙和国人所敬仰的就是霍元甲。后来在新中国成立之后，有不少影视公司以霍元甲的原型拍电影以作纪念。

In the history of Chinese Wushu, there are several masters who fought against imperialist invaders. Among them,Huo Yuanjia is the one that is most admired by future generations and people. Later, after the founding of New China, many film and television companies used his prototype to make movies as a commemoration.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 03:12, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1-Chinese martial arts, often named under the umbrella terms kung fu, kuoshu or wushu, are several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families", "sects" or "schools" of martial arts.

中国武术，通常以“功夫”，“武术”或“武术”等统称命名，是数百年来在中国发展起来的数百种格斗风格。这些格斗风格通常根据共同特征进行分类，即武术的“家庭”，“教派”或“学校”。

2-Qigong (pronounced chee-gong) is an ancient Chinese exercise and healing technique that involves meditation, controlled breathing and movement exercises. Qi is a concept from traditional Chinese culture that roughly means vital energy, information, breath or spirit.

气功（发音为气功）是一种古老的中国运动和康复技术，涉及冥想，控制呼吸和运动锻炼。气是中国传统文化中的一个概念，大致意味着生命力，信息，呼吸或精神。

3-Huo Yuanjia, courtesy name Junqing, was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai.

霍元嘉（Junqing）有礼貌，是中国武术家，是上海武术学校进和田径协会的联合创始人。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 16:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲，字俊卿，中国武术家，精武体育会、上海体育学校共同创始人之一。--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 03:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success.

上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元佳的名字和成功表示了憎恨。

许多在上海的日本柔道摔跤手都嫉妒霍元甲的名声和成就。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2. A museum and an arena for martial contests have also been built to memorialize Huo’s heritage.

为了纪念霍的遗产，还建立了一个博物馆和一个武术比赛场地。

为纪念霍元甲留下的武术遗产，还建立了一所博物馆和一个武术竞技场。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails, limbs and bones, five senses and nine orifices with the various tissues and organs of the superficial portion of the body, giving the body an organic integrity.

在古代，气功被称为金枪鱼（呼气和吸气），练气（生命力的训练），倒阴，内功（内部自我锻炼），静静地坐着，冥想或呼吸运动。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 09:12, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

根据中医的说法，经络将五脏六腑、四肢骨骼、五官九孔同人体浅表部位的各种组织和器官相连，形成人体的有机整体性。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.在中国武术中，有一种被称为“太极拳”的功夫受到人们的普遍喜爱，“太极”是本是中国哲学术语。《周易》将八卦的产生归根于太极。
As one of the main sports to help people stay fit, taiji quan, or shadow boxing(Known internationally as "tai chi chuan") is very popular with Chinese people. "Taiji"(the Supreme Ultimate) is a Chinese philosophical term, to which The Book of Changes (Yijing) attributes the origin of the Eight Trigrams.

2.中华气功大致是以调心、调息、调身为手段，以防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法.
Generally speaking, Chinese qigong is a physical and mental exercise method that aims at regulating the mind, rest and body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit and prolonging life, and developing potential.

3.武术，又被称为中国功夫。说起中国功夫，热门马上会想到李小龙，他的功夫风靡世界。这位英年早逝的功夫高手几乎成为中国功夫的化身，他的在拳术、剑术、刀术、棍术等方面都有很深的造诣，他的令人眼花缭乱的三节棍等功夫给人留下极深的印象。
When people talk of the martial arts, or kung fy, they most immediately think of Bruce Lee, and his great accomplishments in boxing, swordplay, and the skill with knives and sticks. His dazzling three-section stick skills left a deep impression on audiences.

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。

Wushu is a kind of inherited technology in ancient military war. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body and defend the enemy's attack.

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and health preservation. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health maintenance and disease elimination. It is a method of physical and mental exercise that aims at strengthening the body, preventing and curing diseases, keeping fit and prolonging life, and developing potential by means of adjustment of breathing, adjustment of body activities and adjustment of consciousness.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 02:55, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north and Huang Feihong in the south. Both the northern and southern swordsmen are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts. Huo Yuanjia punches Western warriors and kicks Japanese warriors; Huang Feihong, tiger and crane, is famous in the Wulin and famous in Xiangjiang.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 09:11, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 武术不仅以外在的形体美著称，如架势、动作以及技巧，而且其内在美更为独特，被称为“生活之本，力量之源”。武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论。

1. Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also deep interior beauty, emphasizing “life essence, vital energy, and spirit”. The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Wushu is known not only for exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also for deep interior beauty, referred to as “the essence of life and the source of energy”. The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements (Wu Xing) and the Eight Trigrams (Ba Gua).--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 04:42, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是一种心身锻炼，锻炼姿势、呼吸和精神集中度，以疏通经络，重建身体平衡.中医认为这种生理变化是通过经络在全身循环的气的流动和功能的波动和变化的结果。

2. Qigong is a psychopneumatological exercise,drills posture, respiration and focus of the mind in order to unclog the channels and collaterals and re-established body equilibrium. Traditional chinese medicine regards such physiological changes as results of fluctuations and changes in the flow and functions of Qi which circulate throughout the body through channels and collaterals. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲是一位中国武术家，也是上海金宇体育协会的创始人之一。作为武术大师，霍在中国被视为英雄，因为他在备受关注的比赛中击败了外国拳手，而此时中国的主权正受到外国帝国主义、租界和势力范围的侵蚀。

3. Huo Yuanjia was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. A practitioner of the martial art mizongyi, Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches at a time when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism, concessions and spheres of influence. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. As a practitioner of martial arts, Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism and concessions.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 03:03, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 武术发源于传统中国武术，是一种展示性运动，也是一种全接触型运动。1949年后，武术在中国得到发展，以推动传统中国武术的标准化，以及多样而分散的武术传统的结构化。

Wushu is both an exhibition and a full-contact sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was developed in China after 1949, in an effort to standardize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts and attempt to structure the various decentralized martial arts traditions.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, keeping fit and eliminating diseases. In ancient times, it was also called "Dan Dao", a physical and mental exercise method with the means of adjusting breath, physical activities and consciousness, aiming at strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit, prolonging life and developing potentials. And there is a vast amount of qigong literature in ancient China, which is recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical works. So founding and sorting related materials is an important and arduous task, which requires the researchers to have not only rich knowledges of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also a great foundation of qigong.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲（Fearless，1868年1月18日-1910年9月14日），字俊卿，生于天津静海县，清末著名爱国武术家，沧州十大武术名人之一。霍元甲喜行侠仗义，曾打败俄国大力士、英国大力士、日本柔道会，后在上海创办中国精武体育会，掀起习武热潮。

Huo Yuanjia ( English name: Fearless, January 18th, 1868 - September 14th, 1910), whose style name is Junqin, was born in Jinghai County, Tianjin. He was a noted patriotic martial artist in late Qing Dynasty, one of the ten famed martial artists in Cangzhou. Huo Yuanjia had a strong sense of justice and was ready to help the weak. He once defeated Russian hercules, British hercules and Japanese judo association. After that, he founded China Jingwu Sports Association in Shanghai and set off a wave of martial arts practice.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 咏春拳是一种十分科学、实战性强的拳术，它拳快而防守紧密，马步灵活而上落快，攻守兼备及守攻同期，注重刚柔并济，气力消耗量少。

Wing Chun Boxing is a very scientific and practical boxing. It is fast in attack and tight in defense, flexible in horse stance and fast in going up and down, both offensive and defensive at the same time, both rigid and soft, and less in strength consumption.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 八段锦为传统医学中的绚丽多彩之瑰宝。一般有八节，锦者，誉其似锦之柔和优美。

Baduanjin Exercise is a colorful treasure in traditional medicine. Generally, there are eight sections, and the word "jin", which means brocade in Chinese, represents that the exercise has both softness and beauty like brocade.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家。1910年6月1日，霍元甲结合时势，在农劲荪等武术界同仁协助下，在上海创办了“中国精武体操会”（后改名精武体育会）。

Huo Yuanjia was a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. On June 1, 1910, with the help of Nong Jinsun and other martial arts colleagues, Huo Yuanjia founded the "Chinese Jingwu Gymnastics Club" (later renamed Jingwu Sports Club) in Shanghai.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Yongchun is a very scientific and practical boxing style. It is fast and defensive, flexible and quick while emphasizing strength and flexibility, thus consuming little energy.

2. Baduanjin is the colorful treasure of traditional medicine. There are generally eight sections, and “Jin” is described as soft and graceful like brocade.

3. Huo Yuanjia was a famous patriotic martial artist of the late Qing Dynasty, who founded the “China Jingwu Gymnastics Association” (later renamed “Jingwu Sports Association”) in Shanghai on June 1, 1910, with the assistance of Nong Jinsun and other martial artists, taking into account the current situation.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 07:20, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1.中国武术作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，能够深刻反映出中华文化的特质和哲学智慧，其蕴含的文化、思想、智慧，至今仍发挥着重要的价值。

As the treasure of the traditional Chinese culture, Chinese martial can deeply reflect the characteristics and philosophical wisdom of Chinese culture, and the culture, thoughts, and wisdom they contain still play an important value.

As the treasure of the traditional Chinese culture, Chinese martial arts can deeply reflect the distinguish characteristics and philosophical wisdom of Chinese culture, and the culture, thoughts, and wisdom they contain still hold great value.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 12:02, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2.中华气功,是人类养生、健身、强身的重要方法,是开启生命科学的金钥匙。

Chinese qigong is an important method for human health, fitness, and health strengthening, and is the golden key to open the life sciences.

Qi gong of China is an important way for people to stay healthy,work out and get stronger,which is also an golden key for the door of life sciences.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]])Xiao Ting

3.电影《精武英雄》中的主角是精武门五弟子陈真,而精武门中除了陈真之外,还有另一位传奇人物,那就是陈真的师父,也就是精武门的创立人——霍元甲。

In the movie "Hero of Jingwu," the main character is Chen Zhen, one of the five disciples of the Jingwu Sect, and in addition to Chen Zhen, there is another legendary figure, Chen Zhen's master, Huo Yuanjia, the founder of the Jingwu Sect.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 09:10, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、表演与竞技、体育等，是近代对武术的曲解。当我们以表演、竞技、体育等来衡量我们的武术，其实，是以我们非常有限的几十年、上百年的"知识认知"，来定义我们沉淀进化亿万年而得的身体的使用价值，是非常局限的。

Performance and competition, sports and so on, are modern misinterpretations of martial arts. When we measure our martial arts in terms of performance, competition, sports, etc., in fact, it is very limited to define the use value of our bodies, which we have accumulated and evolved over hundreds of millions of years, based on our very limited "knowledge cognition" of decades or hundreds of years.

2、气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。

The benefits of Qigong are not only health care, but also the treatment of diseases. If patients choose qigong as adjuvant therapy, different qigong should be selected according to different diseases.

3、作为一个经常在电视荧幕上出现的武术家，霍元甲的种种传奇故事已经被很多人所熟知。但是，在很多人眼里，霍元甲仅仅是一个武林高手，却忘了，他同样是一位爱国人士。从生到死，他都在以自己独特的方式为国家民族争取尊严。

The legend of Huo Yuanjia, a martial artist who often appears on TV, is well known to many people. However, in the eyes of many people, Huo yuanjia is just a martial arts master, but forget that he is also a patriot. From birth to death, he fought for the dignity of his country and nation in his own unique way.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 08:46, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。
Wushu is a kind of inherited technology from ancient military war. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body and defend the enemy's attack.

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒家、医家书中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
There are a myriad of Qigong documents in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical books. Mining and sorting out process is an important and arduous task. It requires researchers not only to have a higher knowledge of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also to have a good level of Qigong.

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。
In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north of China, Huang Feihong in the south, and the both men are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 09:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

1.Wushu is a technology inherited from ancient military wars. Martial arts can strengthen the body and defend against the enemy's attack.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.There are numerous documents related to qigong in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical books. Excavating and sorting work is an important and arduous task, which requires researchers not only to have higher knowledge of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also to master qigong skills.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north of China, Huang Feihong in the south, and both the men are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

1. 武术具有消停战事、维护和平的实力。作为中华民族炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂。中国武术最早起始于原始时代，当时的人们为了生存经常需要和动物打斗，于是在打斗过程中产生了一系列的格斗技巧和防护技巧。

Wushu has the power to stop wars and maintain peace. As the survival skills of the descendants of the Chinese people, it has gone through thousands of years of ups and downs in the course of Chinese history and civilization, becoming a bond that sustains the survival and development of this nation. Wushu originated in primitive times, when people had to fight with all kinds of animals in order to survive. It is in this process that a series of fighting and protecting skills were generated. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial arts have the power to stop wars and maintain peace. As a survival skill of the Chinese people, traditional Chinese martial arts have accompanied the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years and have become the soul that sustains the survival and development of the nation. The earliest Chinese martial arts began in primitive times, when people often had to fight with animals in order to survive, so a series of fighting skills and protective techniques were developed during the fighting process.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是源于中国的一种自我身心锻炼的方法，尽管气功功法种类很多，但是强调放松入静是共同的。气功包含身心两部分活动，并从天、地、人的关系中获得启示。气功作为中国传统文化的组成部分和民族传统体育项目，具有一定的强身健体作用，千百年来受到许多群众的喜爱。

Qigong originating in China is a self-training approach of the body and mind. Although there are varieties of Qigong exercises, it is common to emphasize relaxation and meditation. The Qigong, involving both physical and mental activity, drew inspiration from the relationship between heaven, earth and man. It can improve people’s physical health, and is an integral part of Chinese traditional culture and national sport. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Although there are many different types of qigong methods, the emphasis on relaxation and meditation is common to all. Qigong consists of both physical and mental activities and draws inspiration from the relationship between heaven, earth and man. As a part of traditional Chinese culture and a traditional national sport, qigong has a certain role in strengthening the body and has been enjoyed by many people for thousands of years.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲幼年体弱，因此父亲不让他学习武术，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声。但元甲志存高远，想尽各种办法学艺苦练。

Huo Yuanjia was weak at an early age, so his father restrained him from learning Wushu for fear that he would damage the reputation of the Huo family. Inspired by lofty ambitions, he was committed to learning it and practicing whenever he could. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia's martial arts training would harm the Huo family's reputation later on. However, Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage the Huo family's reputation later on. However, Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 04:02, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1.作为中华民族炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂和承载中华儿女基因构成的魄。

As the survival skills of the descendants of the Chinese nation,Chinese traditional martial arts has gone through ups and downs along with the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years.It has become the soul sustains the survival and development of the Chinese nation and that carries the genetic composition of the Chinese people.

As a survival skill of the Chinese descendants,traditional martial arts has gone through ups and downs in the course of the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years.It has become the soul that sustains the survival and development of the Chinese nation and carries the genes of the Chinese people.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.体育锻炼非常重视心理状态的影响，几乎所有体育项目的竞技成绩都与运动员的心理稳定性有关，只是影响的程度不同，情绪的任何波动都可能大大影响成绩。

Physical exercise attaches great importance to the influence of psychological states, almost all the performances of sports events are related to the psychological stability of athletes, only the degree differs.Any emotional fluctuation may greatly affect the performances.

Psychological states have a great impact on physical exercise. Almost all the performances of sports events are related to the psychological stability of athletes except for the degree. Any emotional fluctuation may affect the performances to a large extent.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:14, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.据说农劲荪是霍元甲在政治上的启蒙者及几乎所有事业的幕后支持者，正是在他的谆谆教诲及不懈的包装下，霍元甲从靠拳头吃饭的一介武夫，最终树立了民族英雄的光辉形象。

It is said that Nong Jinsun was Huo Yuanjia’s enlightenment politically and backer of almost all his careers.It was under Nong’s inculcation and unremitting package that Huo finally set up a glorious image as national hero when initially made a living as rough-neck.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 02:57, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

It is said that Nong Jinsun was Huo Yuanjia’s enlightenment politically and backer of almost all his careers.It was under Nong’s inculcation and unremitting package that Huo finally set up a glorious image as a national hero while he initially made a living as a rough-neck.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1．《卧虎藏龙》是由李安执导，周润发、杨紫琼和章子怡等联袂主演的一部武侠动作电影。影片讲述一代大侠李慕白有退出江湖之意，托付红颜知己乐秀莲将自己的青冥剑带到京城，作为礼物送给贝勒爷收藏。李慕白隐退江湖的举动实际却是惹来更多的江湖恩怨。

The Wuxia film ''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'' was directed by Li An and acted by Chow Yunfat, Michelle Yeoh and Zhang Ziyi, which depicted a story that the martial art master Li Mubai (act by Chow Yunfat) intended to withdraw from the martial art community so that asked his female bosom friend Xiu Lian (act by Michelle Yeoh) to bring his Qing Ming sword as a gift to Beile (a royal family member). However, Li’s withdraw brought about more enmity from the martial art community. --[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2．王林自称用气功能做到空盆来蛇、空杯来酒等绝活，及为外国首脑高官治病的特异功能。

Wang Lin, the charlatan who self-announced as a Qigong master, said that he can fetch snake or wine with empty cups and possessed the mystical skill which had cured the foreign high rank officials. --[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3．霍元甲生在一个迷踪拳的世家。父亲霍恩第以保镖（护送财物或保护雇主人身安全）为业，因霍恩第的迷踪拳出神入化，所以很多大商人都求他保镖，霍恩第只镖穷苦百姓、清白之人，对贪官污吏决不保镖。

Huo Yuanjia was born in a family which holding reputation for Mizong Boxing for generations. His father Huo Endi was a master of boxing and dealing with envoy business, so many merchants wanted to invite him to work. Huo Endi, however, rejected the corrupt officials and only serviced for the decent merchants and poor people.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

Chinese martial arts, which have been handed down along with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, are an important and inseparable part of the culture that has safeguarded our civilization so far. It is one of the indispensable core elements of our country's cultural rise and civilizational rule.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2、武术气功是锻炼人体内的气与力在意志支配下自由上下来去，是一种气与力的内在运动。它是旁人所看不见的，只能自己体会，因此必须自下决心，一旦练到量变到质变，即是功成之日。

Wushu qigong is the inner movement of qi and force within the human body that is exercised to come up and go down freely under the control of the will. It is invisible to others and can only be experienced by oneself, so one must make up one's own mind, and once one's practice has changed from quantitative to qualitative, that is the day one's work is accomplished.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3、霍元甲逝世。“下毒说”是武侠小说、影视安排主角之死采用得最普遍的一种做法，一个武功高强、智慧过人、道德高尚的侠客和英雄，如果他非死不可的话，他的死一般来说总是对手卑鄙暗算的结果。霍元甲死于日本人的恶意下毒，这样的剧情处理是比较经济的选择。

Huo Yuanjia passed away. "A highly skilled, intelligent, morally upright swordsman and hero, if he had to die, his death would generally be the result of a dastardly plot by his opponent. Huo Yuanjia's death by Japanese poisoning was a more economical choice for this scenario.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
现如今国际赛事代表中国功夫的往往都是散打出身，散打的历史也证明只有不断推陈出新才能适应时代。
Nowadays, the representatives of Chinese Kungfu in international competitions often learn from Sanda. The history of Sanda also proves that only by constantly innovating can we adapt to the times.
我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、佛医、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
Ancient qigong documents in our country are tremendous, and there are a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Buddhist medicine, Confucian medicine, and medical materials. It is an important and arduous task to dig more related to qigong, which not only requires researchers to have a good command of knowledge in medicine, qigong studies, ancient Chinese, and modern Chinese, but also of skilled qigong.

无论是下毒的外因说还是病死的内因说，霍元甲有病都是一个事实，因为没有病就不需吃药，不吃药就不会中毒。在外因说里面，日本医生秋野要下毒，也是趁霍元甲有病要吃药的机会做的小动作。
Whether it is the external cause of poisoning or the internal cause of death, it is a fact that Huo Yuanjia was sick, because there is no need to take medicine if he was fit in health, and there would be no poisoning without medicine as a tool. For the former, If the Japanese doctor Akino wanted to poison, he would take advantage of Huo Yuanjia's illness and do some tricks about his medicine.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 02:59, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 少林武术是我国极具代表性的传统武术流派，在历史发展过程中不断延伸，形成了庞大的体系和丰富的文化积淀。长久以来，少林功夫以武艺精湛闻名于世，同时远遁世俗，颇具高深莫测的神秘之感。

The Shaolin Temple is one of the most famous traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed a rich system with abundant cultural accumulation. For a long time, shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its magnificent techniques, as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

The Shaolin martial art is one of the most representative traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed an enormous system with abundant cultural accumulation. For a long time, Shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its consummate techniques as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:29, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

The Shaolin Temple is one of the most representative traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed a rich system with abundant cultural deposits. For a long time, shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its magnificent techniques, as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, keeping fit and curing diseases. In ancient times, it was also called "Dan Dao", a physical and mental exercise method with the meeans of adjusting breath, physical activity and consciousness, aimed at strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit, extending the longevity and developing the potential.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3 霍元甲是一代武术传奇，以一套千变万化的“迷踪艺”声震四方，曾在国家危难之际，参与建立成立于1910的精武会。

Huo Yuanjia was a legendary kung fu master famous for the complicated art called Mizongyi (literally "lost track fist"). He helped established the Chin Woo Athletic Association in 1910 when the country was vulnerable to imperialism.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a legendary kung fu master famous for the complicated art called Mizongyi (literally "lost track fist"). He helped establish the Chin Woo Athletic Association in 1910 when the country was vulnerable to imperialism.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1、中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Wushu, with a long history, can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It has a broad mass base and is a precious cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by Chinese labors through long-term social practices.

Wushu, with a long history, can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is very popular among the common people and is a precious cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by Chinese workers through long-term social practices.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and health preservation. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, regimen and disease-dispelling. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

3. 霍元甲幼年体弱，因此父亲不让他学习武术，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声。但元甲志存高远，想尽各种办法学艺苦练。

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage Huo family's reputation later. But Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 11:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was in poor health at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage Huo family's reputation later. But Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice Kung fu.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史，文武相承相传。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术给修习者带来的高度安全的核心价值，同时不注重自身身体的锻练，导致出现对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。

Chinese martial arts have a long history and can be verified by a 4200 year history of Chinese civilization, showing that civil and military traditions are handed down from generation to generation. However, most of laymen's understanding of Chinese martial arts is limited in the definition of Wushu as ornamental and competitive, while neglecting the core value of high security brought by martial arts to practitioners, and neglecting their own body training, which leads to misunderstanding of Chinese traditional martial arts, which is not conducive to the cultivation and dissemination of real Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a kind of behavior therapy which is beneficial to mental and physical health and which is fixed in the form of conditioned reflex.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a kind of behavior therapy which is beneficial to mental and physical health.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 09:13, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.元甲天资聪颖，毅力惊人，功艺长足进步，在兄弟之中出类超群，并在24岁那年5分钟之内击败了一位打败了霍元甲的哥哥与弟弟的人。父见此，一改旧念，悉心传艺于他。后元甲以武会友，融合各家之长，将祖传“秘宗拳”发展为“迷踪艺”，使祖传拳艺达到了新的高峰。

Huo Yuanjia is talented and has made great progress in his skills with his sheer will-power. He is outstanding among his brothers. He defeated a man who had defeated his brother and younger brother in five minutes when he was 24 years old. After having seen this, his father changed his old thoughts and devoted all his attention to passe on his skills to Huo Yuanjia. Later Yuanjia met friends with martial arts , combined the strengths of various schools, and developed the ancestral "secret boxing" into "lost track school", which made the ancestral boxing reach a new peak.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.先有舞，后有武。武，举戈而舞，旌旗、震慑。

Dancing is the predecessor of martial arts,which is a kind of dance with weapons and flags for deterrence.

2.练气要诀：专心呼吸，轻松舒适，静观其变，顺其自然，自然而然，聚精会神，感生化力。

There are some knacks when practising Qigong:firstly people should concentrate their breath and be relaxed and comfortable;secondly they should wait and see the changeand then let nature take its course;finally they can feel the emergence of energy with high concentration.

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

Upon the perception of Chinese people,Huo Yuanjia from the North and Huang Feihong from the South are both renowned heroes among Chinese martial-arts circle.The former beat the Western hercule by pugilism and kicked the Japanese warrior;the latter was famous for his tiger-crane shaped boxing and was honored by the whole Xiang River region.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 武術，又稱搏擊、格鬥，是指以肢體或冷兵器、武器互相競技的技術。

Wushu, also known as martial arts, refers to the techniques of fighting with each other with arms or legs or using weapons.

2. 气功（炁功）是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation and disease healing.

3. 霍元甲（1868年1月18日－1910年9月14日），字俊卿，清末武術家。祖籍河北省沧州市东光县安乐屯，生于直隶省靜海縣小南河村（今属天津市西青区南河镇，为纪念霍元甲，自2009年1月18日起更名为精武镇）。

Huo Yuanjia (January 18, 1868 - September 14, 1910), named Junqing, a martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. His native home was in Anletun, Dongguang County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, and he was born in Xiaonanhe Village, Jinghai County, Zhili Province (now it is in Nanhe Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin City. To commemorate Huo Yuanjia, it was renamed Jingwu town since January 18, 2009)

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1. 武术，止戈的技术，消停战事的技术，是物质文明的保障和导向。武术分别体现在国家的国防实力、和个人的安全防卫方面，在不同的时期和不同地方，有不同形式的应用和进步。

Wushu, the skill to avert conflicts and stop warfare, provides security and guidance in the material civilization. It is represented in the national defense capabilities and personal security. From time to time and place to place, it has different forms of application and progress.

2. 直到“文革”结束之后，气功事业发生了空前的变化，正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都懂得“气功”并非玄虚之事，而是一门特殊的学问，“气功”成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。

After the Cultural Revolution, unprecedented changes happened to the development of Qigong, through which the authentic schools developed into a special science. Since eople got to know Qigong is not a matter of mystery, but a special science, it has become a term of a special science on people's physical and mental health.

After the Cultural Revolution, unprecedented changes happened to the development of Qigong, through which the authentic schools developed into a special science. Since people started to know Qigong is not a matter of mystery, but a special science, it has become a term of a special science on people's physical and mental health.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3. 电影《霍元甲》所表现出来的民族精神包括自强不息，崇尚武德，爱国主义，博大宽容和团结互助等方面。这些民族精神给观众以强烈的震撼，并在社会主义建设事业中发挥着精神激励和民族凝聚力的作用。

The film ''Huo Yuanjia'' present several national spirits including self-striving, promoting Wushu virtuousness, patriotism, fraternity and tolerence and unity and mutual help, which greatly shock the audience and provide the spiritual encouragement and national cohesion for the task of socialist construction. --[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 06:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

The film ''Huo Yuanjia'' presents several national spirits including self-striving, promoting Wushu virtuousness, patriotism, fraternity and tolerence and unity and mutual help, which greatly shock the audience and provide the spiritual encouragement and national cohesion for the task of socialist construction.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:02, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.中国武术，首先是一门制止侵袭的技术；在这个基础上，我们可以获得从身体到头脑、到心性方面融汇贯通的个人修习、获得从安全到快乐的满足，安以常乐。

Chinese martial arts, first of all, is a technique to stop invasion; on this basis, we obtain personal training that integrates the transition from the body to the mind, to the mind and nature, obtains the satisfaction from safety to happiness, and enjoys constant happiness.

2.气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。

The benefits of Qigong are not only health care, but also disease treatment. If the patient chooses Qigong as an auxiliary therapy, then different Qigong should be chosen according to different diseases.

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。如今，纪念馆已列为天津市重点文物保护单位和天津市青少年爱国主义教育基地。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Fearless Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero. Today, the memorial hall has been listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Tianjin and a youth patriotism education base in Tianjin.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 09:32, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 09:32, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-武术既有武术元素，也有中国传统体操甚至中国戏曲的元素。

Wushu has martial elements, but also elements taken from traditional Chinese gymnastics and even Chinese opera.--[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

Wushu is a kind of martial art and contains elements taken from traditional Chinese gymnastics and even Chinese opera.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:58, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2-气功可以协调，增强所有内脏和身体系统的功能，并具有治愈作用。它增加了能量在整个身体中的供应和流动，可以具有多种恢复活力的作用，被认为可以延长寿命，并且可以诱发镇定的精神和情绪状态。

Qigong can harmonise, strengthen, and have a healing effect on the functioning of all the internal organs and bodily systems. It increases the supply and flow of energy throughout the body, can have a variety of rejuvenating effects and is believed to increase longevity, and it induces calm mental and emotional states.--[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

3-霍元嘉（1868年1月18日至1910年8月9日），[1]礼貌名俊俊，是中国武术家，也是上海武术学校进和田径协会的联合创始人。霍先生是武术武术宗师[2]，在中国主权受到外国帝国主义，让步和势力范围侵蚀的时候，因在公开宣传的比赛中击败外国战士而被认为是中国的英雄。

Huo Yuanjia (18 January 1868 – 9 August 1910),[1] courtesy name Junqing, was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. A practitioner of the martial art mizongyi,[2] Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches at a time when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism, concessions and spheres of influence. --[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.武术是中国传统的搏击风格，在中国发展了很长的历史，被称为``功夫''。

Wushu is a Chinese traditional fighting style which has developed over a long historical period in China, known as Kung Fu.Wushu came under the influence of Buddhism and taoism.

2.气功被认为是中国功夫的精髓，它是一个古老的中国保健系统，集体育锻炼，呼吸控制和心理训练于一体。

Qigong is considered an essence of China kung fu, it is an ancient chinese Health care system that integrates physical exercise, breath control and mental training.

3.霍元嘉是中国武术家，是上海武术学校的联合创始人。霍被视为中国英雄。

Huo Yuanjia is known as a Chinese martial artist and co-founder of a martial arts school in Shanghai. Huo is considered as a hero in China.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 11:31, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1. 我们的承传的中国武术文化，就是一套全面精湛的“自保”文化，而非“攻击”文化。因为攻击最终也是为了获得生存、生活、快活、快乐，而不是为了攻击、而攻击。
Chinese martial arts that we inherit is a set of comprehensive and consummate culture of “self-defense” culture, instead of “attack”, since even if it contains attack actions, it attacks ultimately for substance, living, joviality and happiness, rather than attacking for the sake of attacking.

2. 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。
Qigong is a Chinese traditional way to keep healthy, cultivate onself and dispelling disease. Also named Dandao in ancient times, it is a method of exercising physically and mentally, which aims at body building, preventing and curing disease, and prolonging life through adjusting breathe, body motion, and conciousness.

3. 霍元甲的徒弟和朋友们拿着霍元甲每日吃的药去化验，才知是一瓶慢性烂肺药，明白了这是日本人暗下的毒手。逝世时年仅42岁。
After assaying the medicine that Huo Yuanjia took everyday, his apprentices and friends finally got to know that it was those Japanese who murdered Huo. He passed away when he was only fourty-two years old.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:08, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Wushu, Chinese martial arts, is known in the west as kungfu.

武术是中国武术，在西方被称为功夫。

2. Wushu has developed into a great variety of schools and styles.

武术已经发展成为各种各样的学校和风格。

3. According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails.

中医认为，连接五脏the和六脏的途径和附属物

4. Wushu is not only a way to enhance one’s health and skills. Its long association with dance has lent an enriching artistic quality.

武术不仅是增强健康和技能的一种方式。它与舞蹈的长期联系赋予了丰富的艺术品质. --[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1. Wushu in Chinese 武 has two parts. The first part 止 which means stop and second part 戈 means weapon. When put together the term symbolizes the idea of using military power to subdue violent disorder. By promoting peace, Chinese martial arts serve and protect while avoiding conflict.
2. Qigong can be described as a mind-body-spirit practice that improves one's mental and physical health by integrating posture, movement, breathing technique, self-massage, sound, and focused intent.
3. Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success. They arranged competitions between Huo and some of the best judo athletes from Japan. However, all of them were defeated by this Chinese wushu master.

1.武术Wu有两个部分. 第一部分止是指停止，第二部分是指武器. 放在一起使用时，该术语表示使用军事力量制服暴力疾病的想法。通过促进和平，中国武术在避免冲突的同时提供和保护.
2.气功可以说是一种身心合体的练习，通过整合姿势，运动，呼吸技巧，自我按摩，声音和集中注意力来改善人的身心健康.
3.在上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元嘉的名字和成功表示了不满. 他们安排了Huo和一些日本最好的柔道运动员之间的比. 然而，他们全部被这位中国武术大师击败.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 18:04, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1. 少林武功是中国武术最具代表性，最具权威性，又最具神秘感的中国武功流派，它无疑已成为中国武术的主流学派。

Shaolin Kung Fu is the most representative, authoritative and mysterious school of Chinese martial arts. It has undoubtedly become the mainstream school of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Shaolin Kung Fu is the most representative and authoritative school of Chinese martial arts with mystery. Undoubtedly, it has become the mainstream school of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:26, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功之兴于中国，由来尚矣。其于保健强身及防病治病，功亦伟矣。然学术界中，议论纷纷，褒贬不一。

With a long history, Qigong originated from China. It contributes to health care and disease prevention and treatment. However, in the academic circles, there are many comments on it, including both praise and criticism.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:37, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.周杰伦作为中国歌坛流行天王，几乎每一首歌都受到热捧。其中《霍元甲》这首歌，更是因为旋律动人，歌词出彩，传唱度极高。

As the king of pop music in China, almost every song of Jay Chou makes a hit，among which "Huo Yuanjia" is widely sung owing to its moving melody and excellent lyrics.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:37, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==

1.中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术对修习者带来"消停侵袭"所达到的高度安全的核心价值，导致对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。
China’s Wu Shu can be dated back to 4200 years ago. But laymen are limited in defining it as ornamental and competitive sports and ignore the core value that it can bring practitioner high safety from “preventing attack”, which adds to their misunderstandings of China’s Wu Shu. It can thus bring negative influence to the practice and spread of Wu Shu.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功养生，就是通过有意识的自我身心调整，来达到养生保健、防病治病的锻炼方法。在学习气功养生前，首先要了解和掌握一下气功养生有哪些禁忌，以便日后练习中达到事半功倍的效果。
Health-keeping Qigong is an exercise that helps maintain health and prevent diseases through conscious mental adjustments. Before learning it, one has to know and grasp taboos in health-keeping Qigong so that achievements can be gained with only half work done.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲生在一个迷踪拳的世家。父亲霍恩第以保镖为业，因霍恩第的迷踪拳出神入化，所以很多大商人都求他保镖，霍恩第只镖穷苦百姓、清白之人，对贪官污吏决不保镖。
Huo Yuanjia was born in a family that had the tradition of practicing Mizong strike. His father Huo Endi worked as a bodyguard. As he was excellent in playing Mizong strike, many businessmen asked him to be their bodyguard. However, Huo Endi only protected the poor and the innocent but not corrupt officials.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

1.武术最初作为军事训练手段, 与古代军事斗争紧密相连，其技击的特性是显而易见的。在实用中，其目的在于杀伤、制限对方，它常常以最有效的技击方法，迫使对方失去反抗能力。这些技击术至今仍在军队、公安中被采用。

Wushu was originally used as a means of military training and was closely related to ancient military combat. Its martial arts characteristics are obvious. In practice, its purpose is to kill and restrict the opponent, and it often uses the most effective combat methods to force the opponent to lose the ability to resist. These martial arts are still used in the army and police.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.直到"文革"结束之后，气功事业发生了空前的变化，正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都懂得"气功"并非玄虚之事，而是一门特殊的学问，"气功"成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。

Until the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the cause of Qigong has undergone unprecedented changes, and the Zhengdao Gong school has developed into a unique science. Everyone knows that "Qigong" is not a mystery, but a special knowledge, a synonymy to people's physical and mental health.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage to "strengthen the country with military force". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally visited the conference and inscribed the four characters "尚武精神" （Spirit of Martial Arts） to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

1.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、佛家的思想。中国武术源远流长、门派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。

Chinese Kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese Kung fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both — the mean and harmony and — cultivating qi(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and it emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It’s contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功作为中医学的一个分支，在理论上主要以中医理论为基础，在创编功法和气功锻炼中也应用阴阳、五行、脏腑、经络、精气神等学说作指导；对气功锻炼产生的效应及气功作用机制等认识，到目前为止，也主要以中医理论来阐述。当然，由于自古以来，气功实践不只为医家独有，儒、道、佛、武等各家在各自不同的实践中，分别对气功形成了自己的认识，也构成了气功理论的一部分。

Qigong, as a branch of traditional Chinese medicine, is mainly based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It is also guided by the theories of yin-yang, five elements, zang-fu organs, meridians and collaterals, and spirit of Qi. Up to now, the effect and mechanism of Qigong exercise are mainly expounded by TCM theory. Of course, since ancient times, Qigong practice is not only unique to doctors, confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, martial arts and other schools in their different practices respectively formed their own understanding, but also constitute a part of the Qigong theory.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在天津卫，有一位著名的爱国武术家，他就是霍元甲。霍元甲武艺出众，行侠仗义，继承家传“迷踪拳”绝技，并加以发展改进，使祖传拳艺达到了新的高峰,这一拳法现已成为中华传统武术文化的组成部分。为了振奋中华，增强民族自信心，霍元甲击退了英俄大力士，摘掉了当时中国人“东亚病夫”的帽子，他的举动鼓舞人心，国内外同胞对他都十分软佩。

In Tianjin, there was a famous patriotic martial artist named Huo Yuanjia. Huo Yuanjia’s outstanding martial arts, chivalrous, inherited the family “lost track boxing” stunt, and to develop and improve, so that the ancestral martial arts reached a new peak, this boxing has now become a part of traditional Chinese martial arts culture. In order to boost China’s national self-confidence, Huo Yuanjia defeated British and Russian strongmen, took off the “Sick man of Asia” of the Chinese people at that time, his move inspired people at home and abroad, he is very soft admiration.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.少林拳发展到近现代，运动特点表现为禅拳一体、神形一片，硬打快攻、齐进齐退。

Shaolin boxing in modern times is characterized by the integration of the spirit and form of Zen boxing, hard hitting and fast attacking, and advancing and retreating together.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.练功时，以坐势为主，立势为辅，坐即盘腿而坐，单盘，双盘，任其自便。身体平正，目视东方周身放松。心平气和，精神集中双手互握轻轻放在腿根或腹前。

When practicing Qigong, the sitting posture is the mainstay, supplemented by the standing posture. Sitting is sitting with legs crossed, one leg crossed or both, as you like. The body is flat and relaxed with the eyes looking east. The mind is calm and concentrated, and the hands are gently placed on the roots of the legs or in front of the abdomen.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 精武以体，智，德三星会旗和三星会徽为标记，代表精武以体，智，德三育为宗旨，倡导和发扬爱国，修身，正义和助人的精武精神。

The flag and emblem of the three stars represent the Jingwu spirit of patriotism, self-cultivation, justice and helping others.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==

1.武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身.

Wushu is a highly self-protection technology to stop being attacked. On the basis of solving the security problems, it can train our minds to improve the adaptability. Easily operative and convenient,it can easily enhance people's mental and physical quality, defend yourself and keep you fit. --[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:09, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。如胃溃疡胃病患者可练习内养功;肿瘤患者可选择行步功或郭林新气功、自控气功等;高血压、神经衰弱及疼痛病人可选择放松功。

Qigong has the benefits of health care and treatment of diseases. If patients choose Qigong as auxiliary therapy, they should choose different kinds of Qigong according to different diseases. For example, patients with gastric ulcer and stomach disease can choose internal nourishing work; cancer patients walking exercise or Guo Linxin Qigong and self-control Qigong; patients with hypertension, neurasthenia and pain relaxation exercise.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:10, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

In Chinese people’s minds, there was Huo Yuanjia in the North, Huang Feihong in the South, both of whom were great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts. Huo Yuanjia punched Western warriors and kicked Japanese warriors; Huang Feihong, was greatly well-known and deterrent in the Wushu circle and Xiangjiang region with his unique skill of Tiger and Crane .--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:09, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==
1. 2020年1月8日，在瑞士洛桑举行的国际奥委会执委会会议通过了武术列入第四届青年奥林匹克运动会正式比赛项目的申请，这是武术首次成为奥林匹克系列运动会正式比赛项目。

On January 8, 2020, the application of martial arts to be included in the official event of the Fourth Youth Olympic Games. has been approved in the International Olympic Committee Executive Committee Cinference in Lausanne, Switzerland. And this is the first time that martial arts has become an official event of the Olympic series.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

On January 8, 2020, the application of martial arts to be included in the official event of the Fourth Youth Olympic Games. has been approved in the International Olympic Committee Executive Committee Cinference in Lausanne, Switzerland，which is the first time that martial arts has become an official event of the Olympic series.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务。

There are a vast array of ancient Qigong documents in my country, and there are a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Confucian medicine, and medical secretaries. Digging and settling is an important and arduous task.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

There are a vast variety of ancient Qigong documents in ancient Chinese,and a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Confucian medicine, and medical secretaries. Digging and settling these docements is an important and arduous task.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼，敬献了“成仁取义”挽联，安葬于上海北郊。

After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for him, and presented the elegiac couplet of "sacrificed live for justice". He was buried in the northern suburbs of Shanghai.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for him, and presented the elegiac couplet of "sacrificed live for justice". Huo was buried in the northern suburbs of Shanghai.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

Chinese martial arts, which have been handed down with the Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, are an essential and inseparable part of the Chinese culture . It will lead the Chinese people with Chinese culture to be the guide of the world to a highly civilized coexistence of spirit and material. In addition, it is one of the indispensable core elements of China’ s rise and governance by culture and civilization.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功养生，就是通过有意识的自我身心调整，来达到养生保健、防病治病的锻炼方法。在学习气功养生前，首先要了解和掌握一下气功养生有哪些禁忌，以便日后练习中达到事半功倍的效果。

Qigong can preserve one’s health. Consciously adjusting one’s body and mind is the way to keep health, prevent and treat diseases. Before learning Qigong to keep health, one should learn and master the taboo of it so as to yield twice the result with half the effort in the future practice.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Health-keeping Qigong is an exercise that helps adjust one’s body and mind to keep health, prevent and treat diseases. Before learning it, one should learn and master the taboo of it so as to yield twice the result with half the effort done.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲幼年体弱，父亲霍恩第不让他习武，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声，拒不授艺于他。但元甲志存高远，偷艺于父传兄弟之机。

As Huo Yuanjia（1868-1910）was weak in his childhood, his father, Huo Endi didn’t allow him to learn Martial art. He also worried that Yuanjia would humiliate the reputation of Huo family after his learning of Martial art, so he refused to teach him. But Yuanjia had high aspiration so that he learned secretly while his father was teaching his brothers.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.武指军事或武术，术指艺术。武术运动是从20世纪40年代中国武术发展起来的，目的是规范传统武术。

1.Wushu actually means martial arts in Chinese: Wu means military or martial, and Shu means art. The sport of wushu was developed from Chinese martial arts in the 1940’s. The goal was to standardize the practice of traditional martial arts.

2.传统中医理论描述了特殊的穴位，或指穴位，它们位于体内的经脉上。据信，在人体内的经脉（这些经脉并不真实存在）里流动着一股能量——一种叫做“气”的生命力。

2.Traditional Chinese medical theory describes special acupoints, or acupressure points, that lie along meridians, or channels, in your body. It is believed that through these invisible channels flows vital energy -- or a life force called qi (chi).

3.霍元甲（1868年1月18日－1910年9月14日），清末著名爱国武术家，字俊卿，生于天津静海县。霍元甲出身镖师家庭，继承家传“秘宗拳”绝技。

3.Huo Yuanjia(1868.1.18-1910.9.14),whose name is junqin,was a famous martial arts master and patriots in the late Qing dynasty.Born in a guard family in jinghai, Tianjin,he was the heir of "mizongquan" (the secert of punch).--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 05:59, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

3.Huo Yuanjia(1868.1.18-1910.9.14),whose courtesy name is junqin,was a famous martial arts master and patriots in the late Qing dynasty.Born in a guard family in jinghai, Tianjin,he was the heir of "mizongquan" (the secert of punch).--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:51, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

1.中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

1.Chinese Wushu, which has been handed down for more than 4000 years with Chinese civilization, is an important part of Chinese culture, which can not be separated. It will guide our nation to carry Chinese culture and lead the people of the world to a high degree of civilization where spirit and material coexist. It is one of the essential core elements for China's cultural rise and civilized governance.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.气功在保健方面有独特的功效。他是建立在整体生命观理论基础上，通过主动的内向性运用意识活动的锻炼，改造、完美、提高人体的生命功能，把自然的本能变为自觉智能的实践。

2.Qigong has a unique effect on health care. It is based on the overall theory of life, through the active internality of the use of conscious exercise, to transform, perfect, improve the life function of the human body, the nature of the instinct into conscious intelligence practice.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.Qigong has a unique effect on health care. It is based on the overall theory of life. Through the active internality, it uses conscious exercise to transform, perfect, improve the life function of the human body and transfer the nature of the instinct into conscious intelligence practice.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:44, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.两次打擂霍元甲都不战而胜，人们其实佩服的是霍元甲的精神和勇气，在别人都不敢站出来的时候他站了出来，这种精神是不死的。

3.Huo Yuanjia won the two fights without a fight. What people actually admire is Huo Yuanjia's spirit and courage. He stood up when others were afraid to stand up. This spirit is immortal.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

In both attempts, Huo Yuanjia won without a fight. In fact, what people admire most is his spirit and courage. He stood up bravely when others were afraid of failure, and it is an immortal spirit. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:20, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1. 功夫，是在中国清末出现的、关于“武术”的别称，主要体现在个人在武术上的应用和造诣。杀伤性强，观赏性较之武术略显不足。

Kung Fu, a nickname for "martial arts" that appeared in late Qing China, is a term used to describe an individual's application and attainment in martial arts. It is highly lethal and slightly less ornamental than martial arts.

Kung fu, as known as "martial arts", which appeared in the late Qing dynasty of China, mainly to show one's application and talent on Kung fu. It has strong lethality, but slightly less ornamental than martial arts.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。

With the development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to understand Qigong, which will deepen our understanding of qigong's essence.

With the further development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to learn about Qigong, and it will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.

3.有传说霍元甲被日本人下毒药害死之后，他的爱徒陈真替他报仇。这个传说在1972年首次被搬上大银幕（电影《精武门》）。但其实历史上并没有“陈真”这个人物，“陈真”是艺术家们根据刘振声的若干事迹塑造出来的，目的是为了让电影情节更好看。

Legend has it that after Huo Yuanjia was killed by poison from the Japanese, then his beloved disciple Chen Zhen avenged his death. This legend was first brought to the big screen in 1972 (the movie "Jing Wu Men"). However, there is no "Chen Zhen" in history, but rather he was created by artists based on some of Liu Zhensheng's deeds in order to make the plot of the movie more exciting.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

According to the tale, after Huo Yuanjia was murdered by Japanese poison medicine, ChenZhen, his beloved disciple, avenged for him. And this tale was firstly moved to the big screen in 1972. (the movie "Fist of Fury"). However there is no such a person in history actually, Chenzhen is a virtual character wrote in terms of some stories of Liu Zhensheng by artists, thus to make the movie's plots more vivid.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xie Fan 解帆==

1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术,拥有消停战事、维护和平的实力,是我族历代沉淀而成、安魂守魄的法宝。

Wushu is a technology inherited from ancient military war. It enables one to stop wars and maintain peace. Therefore, it is a magic weapon for our nation to settle down and keep soul.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a kind of physical and mental exercise method with the purpose of strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, extending the life span and developing the potential by means of adjusting the breath, physical activity and consciousness.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country with wushu".On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the conference and inscribed four Chinese characters which means Warrior Spirit in honor of Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.武术是一种哲学。在汉字里，武是由止和戈两个字组合成的，止戈为武，因此武术蕴含着终止战争的意思，是一种停止战斗的艺术，而非发起战斗的技术。

Kung Fu, formally called martial arts, is a philosophy. In Chinese character, martial is composed of two words meaning stop and weapon. Therefore Kung Fu contains the meaning of termination of war. It stops fighting rather than starts fighting.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Martial arts is a kind of philosophy. In Chinese character, Wu is composed of two words which means stop and weapon respectively. Therefore, martial arts contains the meaning of termination of war. It is a technique that stops a fighting rather than starts a fighting.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.疫情期间，很多人都注意到了包括健身气功在内的中国传统功法在增强抵抗力、防病治病方面的积极作用，健身气功广为流行。

During the epidemic, many people have noticed the benefits of traditional Chinese exercises such as Health Qigong, which has gained popularity for it can help to strengthen resistance and prevent and treat diseases.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

During the outbreak of the epidemic, many people have noticed the positive roles that traditional Chinese exercises play such as Health Qigong which has gain a great popularity for it helps to strengthen resistence,and prevent and treat diseases.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武术保国”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen thought highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to defend the country with martial arts. To commemorate him, Sun attend the celebration for the 10th anniversary of the Jingwu Association 's establishment and wrote four character"Shang Wu Jing Shen", which means paying tribute to warrior spirit.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Sun Yat-sen thought highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "defend the country with martial arts“. To commemorate him, Sun attended the celebration for the 10th anniversary of the Chin Woo Federation's establishment and wrote four characters "Shang Wu Jing Shen", which means paying tribute to militarism.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jing 许静==

1. 先是从捕猎和战斗中被创造出来，接着到冷兵器时期具备了不俗的技击属性，再到后来为了便于武术的流传和官方的管理开始逐渐出现武术套路......中国武术伴随着中国历史和文明发展，流传了几千年。

It was first created from hunting and fighting, then during the Cold War it developed its remarkable striking properties, and then martial arts routines gradually appeared in order to facilitate the spread and official management of the martial arts...... The Chinese martial arts have accompanied the development of Chinese history and civilisation for thousands of years.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 今天人们所说的“气功”，内容非常宽泛，不仅包括古代的行气、导引，还附会易理，掺杂数术，融合医、儒、释、道，旁涉武术技击和幻化之术，连国外的同类也包括在内，比如印度瑜伽，甚至还吸收了现代科学的概念和术语，比如“场”“能量”“分子结构”等，可谓芜杂，金子都被沙子掩盖了。再加上有一些人浑水摸鱼，自封大师，招摇撞骗，败坏了气功的声誉。

What people today call "qigong" is very broad in scope, including not only the ancient methods of qi movement and guidance, but also Yi Li, mixed with mathematical techniques, and a mixture of medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, as well as martial arts techniques and illusions. Moreover, some foreign counterparts, such as Indian yoga, and modern scienctic terms, such as "fields", "energies", "molecular structures", etc., are also included, which can be described as a mishmash, with the gold being covered up by the sand. Besides, some people who fish in troubled waters, appoint themselves masters, and beckon and deceive, ruin the reputation of qigong as well.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. “据老人们传说，霍元甲少年时期身体较弱，父亲霍恩第就害怕他练武不成，反倒坏了霍家‘迷踪拳’的名声，所以不允许他习武。”

"According to old stories, when Huo Yuanjia was young, his weak constitution prevented him from being allowed to learn martial arts, for his father, Huo Endi, feared that he would ruin the Huo family's reputation of a 'elusive punch'."--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Chinese Wushu, with a long history dating back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, have an extremely broad mass base. It is an invaluable cultural heritage that has been accumulated and enriched by Chinese working people in their long-term social practice.

Chinese martial art, with a long history which can be traced as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, has an extremely broad mass base. It is a precious cultural heritage which has been accumulated and enriched by the Chinese working people in their long-term social practice.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 15:25, 24 November 2020 (UTC)

The time-honored Chinese Wushu, a precious cultural heritage constantly accumulated and enriched during Chinese labor people's long-term social practices, which can be dated back to Shang and Zhou Dynasties, boasts supremely wide mass basis. --[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:34, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

If we look at it from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a kind of behavioral therapy for learning and training a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, eventually fixing it in a reflexive manner.

If it is viewed from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a reflexive way.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 01:11, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 综合以上，关于霍元甲死亡的说法现今主要有两种，一种是被日本人毒死，还有一种就是少年练气功致病，死于自身病症。

To summarize, there are two main theories about Huo Yuanjia’ s death. One is that he was poisoned by the Japanese, and the other is that he died of his own illness, caused by practicing qigong when he was young.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 07:16, 24 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

To sum up, there are two main claims about the death of Huo Yuanjia, one is poisoned by the Japanese, and the other is that young people practice Qigong to cause disease, death from their own diseases.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.武术，制止侵袭、停止战斗的技术。拥有消停战事、维护和平的实力，通过武化流传，是物质文明的保障和导向。
Martial arts, the art of stopping aggression or fighting. It is the guarantee and guidance of material civilization to have the strength to stop wars and maintain peace and spread through military civilization.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial arts has the power to stop aggression and maintain peace. Its spread provides guarantees and guide for the material civilisation.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 13:04, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2.中国气功强调天人合一，人和自然界有着密切不可分割的联系，人的机体受到气候、环境等因素的影响。中国气功重视人与自然界的动态适应。
Chinese Qigong emphasizes the unity of individual and nature. Individual and nature have a close and inseparable relationship. Human organism is affected by climate, environment and other factors. Chinese Qigong attaches importance to the dynamic adaptation between human and nature.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山先生对霍元甲将迷踪拳公之于世的高风亮节非常赞许，亲笔写下了“尚武精神”四个大字，赠送给精武体育会。
Sun Yat-sen expressed his approval to the world that Huo Yuanjia had unveiled his fan boxing to the public. He wrote down in his handwriting the four-character "Martial Spirit" and presented it to the Jingwu Sports Association.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
1.穷文富武，真正传统武术家都和宗教、帮会、官僚、商人有着密切关系。一九四九年以后历次政治运动，很多武术家被作为反革命、牛鬼蛇神、封建会道门]成员镇压迫害下放逐，境遇非常悲惨。

Poor and rich, the real traditional martial artists and religion, gangs, bureaucrats, businessmen have a close relationship.In all political movements since 1949, many martial artists have been subjected to oppression and devolution as counter-revolutionaries, ghosts and monsters, and members of the feudal society.

Poor people learn arts while affluent people learn martial arts. The real traditional martial artists have a close relationship with religion, gangs, bureaucrats and businessmen.In all political movements since 1949, many martial artists have been subjected to oppression and devolution as counter-revolutionaries, ghosts and monsters, and members of the feudal society.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:03, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功本分两类，一类是静立、静坐、静卧，使精神集中，并用特殊的方式进行呼吸，促进循、消化等系统的机能。另一类是用柔和的运动操、按摩等方法，坚持经常锻炼，以增强体制。
Qigong is divided into two categories: standing still, sitting still and lying still, concentrating the mind, breathing in special ways, promoting the functions of the following systems, such as digestion and so on.The other is to use gentle exercise, massage and other methods, adhere to regular exercise, to enhance the system.

There are two types of Qigong. One is standing still, sitting still and lying still, which can help to concentrate on the mind and to promote the functions of circulation and digestion system by breathing in a special way. The other is to use some methods like soft exercise, massage etc.and adhere to regular exercise to strengthen the system.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 12:01, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲幼时体弱多病。其父霍恩第是名显一时的秘宗拳师。他担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声，拒不授艺于他。但元甲志存高远，他日日留心，处处参察，偷艺于父传兄弟之机。
Huo yuanjia is weak and sickly when young.His father, Horndie, was a one-time secret boxer.He feared that Yuan Jia's martial arts would harm his family's reputation and refused to teach him.But Yuan Jia's aim is high, and he keeps an eye on it every day.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 09:09, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak and sickly when he was young. His father, hohendi ,a famous secret boxer, was afraid that Yuanjia would damage the reputation of Huo family and refused to teach him martial arts. However, having set his aims high. Yuanjia paid close attention to martial art day by day and seized the opportunity to learn it when his father was passing on martial atr to his brother.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 12:01, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、武术不仅以外在的形体美著称，如架势，动作以及技巧，而且其内在美更为独特，被称为“生活之本，力量之源”。武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论

Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also deep interior beauty, emphasizing “ life essence, vital energy and spirit.” The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2、气功是源于中国的一种自我身心锻炼的方法，尽管气功功法种类很多，但是强调放松入静是共同的。气功是中华民族文化的瑰宝，是孕育中华文化人文精神一颗明珠，是传承中国传统文化的重要形式。

Qigong, originating from China, is a self-training approach of the body and mind. Although there are varieties of qigong exercises, it is common to emphasize relaxation and meditation. Qigong is the gem of Chinese culture , a bright pearl which gives birth to the humane spirits of Chinese culture, and an important form which inherits our traditional culture.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3、霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家，他的武艺出众，继承家传“迷踪拳”绝技。他的一生虽然短暂，但却轰轰烈烈，充满传奇色彩。

Huo Yuanjia is a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. His skill in martial arts is outstanding and he inherits his family’ s unique skill“Mi Zong Boxing”. His whole life is brief, but magnificent and victorious, be full of legend color.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。
Chinese martial arts, which has passed on with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, is an important cultural component that has stood up to defend our civilization and cannot be separated.

Chinese martial art, which has passed on with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, is an important cultural component that has stood up to defend our civilization and cannot be separated.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。
From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, qigong exercise is a behavioral therapy that trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned way.

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health and is finally fixed in a conditional reflex way.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲的品牌在上海滩立足后，同盟会再接再厉，于1909年当年就开始在闸北的王家宅筹备 “精武体操会”.
After Huo Yuanjia’s brand gained a foothold in Shanghai, Tongmenghui continued its efforts. In 1909, it began preparations for the "Martial Arts Gymnastics Club" at Wangjiazhai in Zhabei.

----
==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
武术的创立与发展主要是为了自卫和生存，打猎及军事训练的需要。
Chinese martial art has been created and developed mainly for self-defense and survival, hunting and military training.
中国武术流派众多，通常有以下三种分类的方法：南派与北派，外功与内功，少林、武当、峨眉派。
It has great variety of sects. Generally it can be classified as Southern and Northern Sects, Internal and External Sects, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei Sects.
孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念
Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage to "strengthen the country with military force". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally visited the conference and inscribed the four characters "Shangwu Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 01:47, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.中国武术是一种中国特色的文化。当然，它首先应该是一种格斗术。武术起源和流传的意义都在于它的格斗价值，但与拳击不一样，它除了格斗部分外还融入了医学与哲学的成分。

Chinese Wushu is a culture with Chinese characteristics. Of course, it should be a fighting art in the first place. The origin and the point of spreading martial arts lie in its fighting value, but unlike boxing, it also integrates itself with medical and philosophical elements in addition to the fighting part.

2.如果从心理生理学过程看的话，可将气功定义为: 主要是通过使用自我暗示为手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理-生理-形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的方法。

From the perspective of the psychophysiological process, Qigong can be defined as a method that mainly uses self-suggestion to promote consciousness into a self-hypnosis state, and adjusts the balance between mind and body through the self-adjustment mechanism of psychology-physiology-form, so as to achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.

From the perspective of the psychophysiological process, qigong can be defined as: mainly through the use of self-suggestion as a means to promote consciousness into a state of self-hypnosis, through the psychological-physiological-morphological self-regulation mechanism to adjust the balance of mind and body, and achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:59, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotic people have come to visit and paid their respects, reviewing the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:14, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotic people have come to visit and shown their respects, to review the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:56, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.中国传统武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身，精进卓越，快乐通融。

Chinese traditional martial arts is a highly self-protection technology to stop the invasion. On the basis of solving the security problems, it can train our minds to adapt to the changes, which is easy to improve people's mental and physical quality, defend and keep fit, making great progress and beinh happy and flexible.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。气功主要是通过使用自我暗示为核心的手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理—生理—形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的的自我锻炼方法。

There are a lot of Qigong documents in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoism, Confucian and medical books. Qigong is a kind of self exercise method, which mainly uses self suggestion as the core to promote consciousness to enter into self hypnosis state, to adjust the balance of mind and body through the self regulating mechanism of psychology, physiology and morphology, so as to achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat Sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage of "protecting the country and strengthening the species by military means". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the meeting and inscribed the four characters "warrior spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen gave a high praisel of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country and strengthen the nation by means of Chinese martial arts". He, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, personally attended the conference and inscribed "Warrior Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Sun Yat-sen highly praised Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country and strengthen the nation by means of Chinese martial arts". He, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, attended the conference in person and inscribed "Warrior Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country by means of Wu". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the conference and inscribed the four characters "Warrior spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:17, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

如果从气功作用的心理生理学过程看的话，可将气功定义为：主要是通过使用自我暗示为核心的手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理—生理—形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的的自我锻炼方法。

In terms of the psychological and physiological process of Qigong, it can be defined as a self-exercise method that mainly utilizes self-suggestion as the kernel to promote consciousness into a self-hypnosis state, and adjusts the mind-body balance through the self-adjustment mechanism of psychology-physiology-shape, so as to keep fit and cure diseases.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

中国武术，以中国文化为基础的、停止战斗的技术。武术，使用打斗等手法、来达到停止战斗的目的、的技术。武，是停止战斗的技术，而并非发起战斗的技术。所以，但凡主动发起、挑衅起战斗的，都违背了武，是灭武的行为。

Chinese Wushu is a technique based on Chinese culture that stops fighting. Wushu uses techniques such as fighting to stop fighting. Wushu is the art of stopping combat, not starting it. Therefore, whoever initiates or provokes a battle violates the basic rules of Wushu, which disobeys Wushu.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。
Martial art is a technique inherited from the ancient military wars. Learning martial arts can not only build up our body, but also defend attacks from enemies.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。
With the development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to know qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of it.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼。
After Huo Yuanjia’s death, the disciples of Chin Woo Federation and patriots from the circle of martial arts in Shanghai then held a grand funeral for him. After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

我们修习武术，是让我们从身到心、由魂而魄得到提升而充满安全感，精壮神足，具有安然自胜的实力。Learning and practicing martial arts is to improve and fulfill us with sense of security from exterior to interior, through which we can be energetic, so as to be comfort and composed.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医书记中有大量气功文献记载
Files of qigong in ancient China are as vast as the open sea, in which have many recordings of qigong, including medical books of Taoism, and Confucianism.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲，清末著名爱国武术家，字俊卿，生于天津静海县。
Huo Yuanjia, a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty, with Junqing as his surname, was born in Jinghai county in Tianjin Province.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.中国武术不仅涵盖了西方体育的多种运动形式，而且，还拥有独特的东方传统运动形式、深邃的思想和厚重的文化。

Chinese martial arts not only covers a variety of sports forms of Western sports, but also has a unique oriental traditional sports form, profound thoughts and profound culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese martial arts not only encompasses many forms of Western sports, but also has a unique oriental tradition of sports, profound thoughts and a strong culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese martial arts contains many forms of Western sports, what's more, it has a unique oriental tradition sports form, profound thoughts as well as profound culture.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned reflex way.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

If we look at it from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, qigong exercises are behavioral therapies for learning and training a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, and eventually fixing it in a reflexive manner.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, practicing Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned reflexive way.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the day it was built, tens of thousands of patriots have visited Huo Yuanjia's former residence to relive the legendary deeds and touching spirit of the patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, reliving the legendary deeds and moving spirit of the patriotic hero.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 武术是中国社会重要的集体记忆之一，在各种文学、电影、戏剧中经常出现，对中国社会有着深刻而无可取代的人文意义。

As one of the important collective memories in Chinese society, Wushu often appears in various literature, movies and dramas, and has profound and irreplaceable humanistic significance to Chinese society. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功强调天人合一，人和自然界有着密切不可分割的联系，人的机体受到气候、环境等因素的影响。

Qigong emphasizes that man is an integral part of nature. Man and nature are closely linked. Human body is affected by climate, environment and other factors. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼，敬献了“成仁取义”挽联，安葬于上海北郊。

After Huo Yuanjia passed away, the disciples of Chinwoo and patriots of Shanghai Wushu circle held a grand funeral for him, presented the elegiac couplet of "die for a just cause", and buried him in the northern suburb of Shanghai. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==
武术气功霍元甲
中国的武术，是包括有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极广泛的群众基础。
Wu Shu,which can date back to the Shang and Zhou Dynisties, has a prfound history and widespread public recorgnition.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Wu Shu, with a profound history dating back to the Shang and Zhou Dynisties, has a widespread public recorgnition.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese martial arts, with a long history, which can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, is supported by a lot of people.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

气功是中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法，以呼吸作为手段。
Qigong(a system of deep breathing exercises), is a method to achieve fitness, health and illneses.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong(a system of deep breathing exercises), can help people get rid of illnesses to keep fitness and health.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong is a method of health care, recuperation, and elimination of disease in Chinese tradition, the method of which is to breathe.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲是清朝末年的武术家。他年幼体弱，但志向高远。
Hu Yuanjia is a martial artist of China in the late Qing Dynasty, who was frail in health in his childhood but had high aspiration.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Hu Yuanjia, a martial artist of China in the late Qing Dynasty, owned high aspirationwas although was frail in his childhood.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia, a martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty, who was frail in his childhood, but had high aspirations.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. Wushu
相比于中国武术，“中国功夫”的称法更具有国际性，它甚至使英语世界为之创造了一个新词汇“Kongfu”。但是，中国功夫只是一种搏击术，而武术不是。武术蕴含着世界上独一无二的“武文化”，它是在中国历史和文化土壤中培育出来的中华之花。
Compared with Chinese martial arts, the term "Chinese Kung Fu" is more international. It even makes the English-speaking world create a new word "Kongfu". However, Chinese kung fu is only a kind of martial arts, while martial arts are not. Wushu contains a unique "martial arts culture" in the world. It is the flower of China cultivated in the soil of Chinese history and culture.

2. Qigong
我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、佛医、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
There are numerous Qigong documents in ancient China, and there are a large number of Qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Buddhist medicine, Confucian medicine and doctor secretaries. Digging and sorting out is an important and arduous task. It requires researchers not only to have higher knowledge of medicine, Qigong, ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and other aspects, but also to have higher Qigong skills.

3. Huo Yuanjia
霍元甲是清朝末年的一位武术大师，在国内外享有盛名。有人据此推想，霍元甲是被日本医生借给他看病之机毒死的。也有人认为真正导致霍元甲死亡的原因是肺病。1901年，霍元甲33岁。
Huo Yuanjia was a martial arts master in the late Qing Dynasty and enjoyed a great reputation at home and abroad. According to this, some people infer that Huo Yuanjia was poisoned by a Japanese doctor who lent him a chance to see a doctor. Some people also believe that the real cause of Huo Yuanjia's death is lung disease. In 1901, Huo Yuanjia was 33 years old.
--[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 14:48, 29 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.作为炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂、和承载中华儿女基因构成的魄。

As the survival skills of Chinese people, with the development of Chinese history and civilization, traditional Chinese Wushu went through the trials and hardships for thousands of years. It became the spirit of maintaining the national subsistence and development as well as carrying the Chinese people’s genetic make-up.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

As the survival skills of Chinese people, traditional Chinese Wushu, with the development of Chinese history and civilization, has gone through the trials and hardships for thousands of years, becoming the spirit of maintaining the national subsistence and development as well as carrying the Chinese people’s genetic make-up.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。

With the progressive development of science, we are able to make use of the modern scientific knowledge to recognize the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

With the development of science, we can make use of the modern scientific knowledge to recognize the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

With the advancement of science, we can give a full play to the role of relevant knowledge of modern science in understanding the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding of its essence.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:25, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

In the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Jingwu Society, Sun Yat-sen made a personal appearance at the event and inscribed four characters “Shang Wu Jing Shen” (encouragement of a military spirit), showing the honor to Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Jingwu Society, Sun Yat-sen made a personal appearance at the event and inscribed four characters “Shang Wu Jing Shen” (encouragement of a military spirit), showing the honor to Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。

Martial arts is an inherited technique in ancient military warfare. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body, and can also defend against enemy attacks.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation, and disease healing.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家，沧州十大武术名人之一。霍元甲喜行侠仗义，曾打败俄国大力士、英国大力士、日本柔道会，后霍元甲在上海创办中国精武体育会，掀起习武热潮。

Huo Yuanjia is a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten martial arts celebrities in Cangzhou. Huo Yuanjia was a knight of action, and once defeated Russian Hercules, British Hercules, and Japanese Judo Club. After that, Huo Yuanjia founded the Chinese Jingwu Sports Association in Shanghai, which set off a wave of martial arts.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1. 武术更应有着它的文化和智慧，有着它的精神内涵，这是一种道，包括儒家思想、道家精神、释家涵养等丰富内涵。

Martial arts should have its culture, wisdom and spiritual connotation, which is a kind of Tao, including Confucianism, Taoist spirit, Buddhist self-restraint and other rich connotations.

Martial arts should boast culture, wisdom and spirit of its own, which is a kind of Tao, including rich connotations like Confucianism, Taoist spirit, Buddhist self-restraint and so on.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:47, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
Matial arts should have its culture, wisdom and spiritual connotation, which is a kind of Tao, comprising Confucianism, Tao spirit, Buddihist self-restraint.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 03:43, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior beneficial to mental and physical health and is finally fixed in condition reflex.

3. 坐落在天津市西青区小南河村，1986年天津市西青区人民政府整修了霍元甲故居、修建了霍元甲陵园，用以纪念这位名震中外的爱国武术家。

Located in Xiaonanhe Village, Xiqing District, Tianjin, the People's Government of Xiqing District of Tianjin renovated Huo Yuanjia's former residence and built Huo Yuanjia Cemetery in 1986 to commemorate this famous patriotic martial artist at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:27, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身，精进卓越，快乐通融。

Martial art is a highly self-protective technique, which trains the ability to deal with emergencies based on practically solving security problems. It is convenient to act, easy to improve people’s mental and physical health, and beneficial to self defend and bodybuilding, diligent, outstanding, delighted and harmonious.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial art is a highly self-protective technique to stop invasions. It is based on the practical solution of safety problems, so that our minds can be trained in resilience. It is simple and easy to use, and easily improve people's mental and physical fitness with the features of fitness, diligence and excellence, happiness and harmony.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:34, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.蒋维乔、刘贵珍、王乡斋、周潜川、胡耀贞等一代气功先驱，从发挥气功的健身治病角度，采用通俗语言，简化功法程序，推广了气功。

Such generations of pioneers as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan and Hu Yaozhen have adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures and successfully promoted Qigong.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

A generation of qigong pioneers such as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan, Hu Yaozhen, etc., from the perspective of exerting qigong for fitness and treatment, adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures, and successfully promoted qigong.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:36, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

A generation of pioneers such as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan and Hu Yaozhen, based on the goal of making Qigong play the role of keeping fit and curing diseases, adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures and successfully promoted Qigong.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.二十世纪初开始不断被表述的霍元甲故事，既承接了长期以来社会心理对英雄的需要，也体现在近代西方文明的冲击下，国人对侠客的诉求出现新的变化。

At the beginning of 20th century, the stories of Huo Yuanjia started to be expressed constantly, which not only carried on the long-term needs of the social psychology to heroes, but also symbolized the new changes of demands to knife-errant. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia's story, which has been constantly told since the beginning of the twentieth century, has not only undertaken the long-term social psychological need for heroes, but also embodied in the impact of modern Western civilization, new changes in the Chinese people's demands for knights.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.武术具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产，是中国民族的优秀文化遗产之一。

Wushu has an extremely broad mass foundation, which is a precious cultural heritage that the Chinese people have accumulated and enriched in long-term social practice, as well as one of the outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Wushu has an extremely broad mass base, and is a valuable cultural heritage that has been accumulated and enriched by the Chinese people in their long-term social practice, and is one of the outstanding cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功作为中华古老文化中的一朵奇葩，对中华文化产生了深远的影响,它与古代的政治哲学思想、宗教医学观念和文学艺术思潮都有着密切的联系。

As a wonderful flower in the ancient Chinese culture, Qigong has had a profound impact on Chinese culture, closely relating to ancient political and philosophical thoughts, religious medical concepts, and literary and artistic trends of thought.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong, as a wonderful flower in ancient Chinese culture, has had a profound impact on Chinese culture and is closely related to ancient political and philosophical thought, religious and medical concepts, and literary and artistic trends.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲天资聪颖，毅力惊人，功艺长足进步，在兄弟之中出类超群，并在24岁那年5分钟之内击败了一位打败了霍元甲的哥哥与弟弟的人。

Huo Yuanjia was a brilliant and resilient man who had made great strides in his skills,standing out among his brothers. and at the age of 24, he defeated a man who had defeated both his older and younger brothers in five minutes.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a brilliant and resilient man who had made great strides in his skills,standing out among his brothers.He defeated a man who had defeated both his older and younger brothers in five minutes when he was 24 years old. --[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:49, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1. 中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史，文武相承相传。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术对修习者带来“消停侵袭”所达到的高度安全的核心价值，导致对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。

Wushu in China has a long history and can be traced back to 4,200 years of Chinese civilization. However, nowadays, most laymen's understanding to wushu is limited to appreciation and competition, and they ignore the core value of eliminating invasion that wushu brings to the learners, which leads to the misunderstanding of traditional Chinese martial arts and is not conducive to the practice and dissemination of real Chinese martial arts.

2.气功就是通过特定的修炼方法使机体的组织、器官在功能上更佳有序化与协同化的生理变化过程。由于修炼的方法不同，所导致的生理变化也会不一样，这种不一样就是气功的生理效应。是通过心理活动使生物能对机体或事物产生作用。气功学即心理物理学。

Qigong is a physiological change process in which the tissues and organs of the body are better organized and coordinated in function through specific methods of training. Due to the different methods of practice, the physiological changes will be different, which is the physiological effects of Qigong. It is through psychological activities that biology can produce effects on the organism or things. Qigong is psychophysics.

3.精武会创办于1910年，初由：陈公哲，农劲荪，陈其美，陈铁生等倡导，是中国建立最早的体育团体。精武以体，智，德三星会旗和三星会徽为标记，代表精武以体，智，德三育为宗旨，倡导和发扬爱国，修身，正义和助人的精武精神，还订有包括人格，风度，言行，服务，友谊等行为规范。

Chin Woo Athletic Association was founded in 1910, initiated by Chen Gongzhe, Nong Jinsun, Chen Qimei and Chen Tiesheng. It is the earliest sports association in China. Jingwu is marked by the three-star flag and the three-star emblem of physical, intellectual and moral education, advocating the spirit of patriotism, self-cultivation, justice and helping others, as well as the code of conduct including personality, demeanor, words and deeds, service and friendship.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 12:15, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体,亦可以防御敌人进攻

Wushu is inherited from ancient military warfare. Martial arts can strengthen the body and defend against enemy attacks.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.从中医学角度定义气功:气功是调身、调息、调心三调合一的心身锻炼技能。

Defined from the perspective of Chinese medicine, Qigong is a kind of mental and physical exercise skill that combines body adjustment, breath adjustment and mind adjustment--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotics have come to visit and pay respects, to review the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

在中国武术界，有一个寺院极负盛名，这就是少林寺，在这个寺院产生的少林功夫，是中国宝贵的文化遗产。
there is a extremely famous monastery in the Chinese martial arts，which is the Shaolin Temple. The Shaolin Kungfu produced in this monastery is a precious cultural heritage of China.

五禽戏最初是东汉著名中医学家华佗根据虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟五种动物的动作和神态创编而成的中医保健气功。

Wu Qin Xi was originally a traditional Qigong created by the famous Chinese medicine expert Hua Tuo in the Eastern Han Dynasty based on the movements and expressions of five animals: tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird to keep health.

霍元甲、黄飞鸿和叶问是三位实有其人的武者,也是香港功夫片的著名角色。
Huo Yuanjia, Huang Feihong and Ye Wen are three real warriors, and they are also famous roles in Hong Kong kung fu movies.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 06:58, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.中国武术作为中华民族传统文化的一个有机组成部分和独特表现形式，一方面跟中国的古典哲学、政治伦理、军事思想、文化艺术、医学理论、社会习俗等等互相联系，相互作用，共同组成绚烂多姿的中国文化整体；另一方面则从一个侧面反映出整个中国文化的基本特征。

As an integral part of traditional Chinese culture and a unique form of expression, Chinese martial arts are interconnected with classical Chinese philosophy, political ethics, military ideology, culture and art, medical theory, social customs, and so on, to form a gorgeous and colorful Chinese cultural whole.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功还有助于免疫系统。研究表明，它能刺激白血球类型的形成，这对淋巴系统是有益的。淋巴系统又是强大免疫系统的重要组成部分，因为淋巴管是免疫系统的重要运输通道，也是病菌和毒素的过滤站。

Qigong also helps the immune system. Studies showed that it stimulates the formation of white blood cell types, which is beneficial for the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system, in turn, is an important component of a strong immune system, since the lymphatic vessels are key transport channels for the immune system, and filter stations for germs and toxins.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia's Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.武术在其发生、发展的过程中，和中国历史上的哲学、政治、经济、军事、宗教、伦理道德、教育等许多方面都有密不可分的联系，具有浓厚的中华民族的色彩，是我国珍贵民族文化遗产的瑰宝。

In the process of its occurrence and development, Wushu is closely related to philosophy, politics, economy, military, religion, ethics, education and many other aspects in Chinese history. It has a strong Chinese national color and is a precious treasure in our national cultural heritage.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

In the course of its occurrence and development, martial art is closely related with the philosophy, politics, economy, military, religion, ethics, education and many other aspects of Chinese history, and is a precious treasure of national cultural heritages with a strong color of Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:54, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.移魂换体、灵魂出窍、身体变大变小，这些其实都是气功书里面常常提到的练功感受，也是练功不同层次的阶段性目标，但是却可以在实验室中可靠地复现。所以说，气功的本质很可能就是一种练功者对自己的大脑进行的神经系统实验。

Those, like moving the soul into another body, moving the soul out of the body, and getting body bigger or smaller, are actually the exercise experience often mentioned in qigong books, and are also the stage goals of different levels of exercise. But they can be reliably reproduced in the laboratory. Therefore, the essence of qigong is probably a kind of neurological experiment performed by practitioners in their own brains.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.霍元甲在药栈期间，因为力大无比，一直被身边的人称为霍力士，于是他结合特点，对燕青拳加以改进，使拳法中花哨的套路变得更加实用，但并未与人交手，直至其去世前，才与日本武士有过一次正式交手，并将其臂骨磕断，此后没过多久，霍元甲就与世长辞。

During his stay in the pharmacy, Huo Yuanjia was always called Huo Lishi(Lishi means a man of great strength.)by people around him because of his immense power, so he combined his characteristics and improved Yanqing pugilism to make its fancy routines more practical, but he hadn't used it to fight with others. It was not until his death that he had a formal fight with a Japanese samurai and broke samura's arm. And not long after that, Huo passed away.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.In 1986, the Chinese National Research Institute of Wushu was established as the central authority for the research and administration of Wushu activities in China.

1986年，中国国家武术研究所成立，作为中国武术活动研究和管理的中央机构。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Qigong is itself a well-researched practice as a single entity. China includes it in their medicine system alongside more modern approaches.

气功本身是一个经过精心研究的实践。中国将其与更现代的方法一起纳入其医学体系。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Huo Yuanjia (1868-1910) was born into a wushu master’s family in Dongguang County south of Tianjin.

霍元嘉（1868-1910）出生于天津以南的东莞县一个武术大师的家庭。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

20201123 cult

2020-11-30T05:29:16Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==
1.Chinese Wushu is more than kungfu. It embodies a profound philosophy and a sense of human life and social values.--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 17:59, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

中国武术不仅仅是功夫。它体现了深刻的哲学以及对人类生活和社会价值的感知。

2.According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails, limbs and bones, five senses and nine orifices with the various tissues and organs of the superficial portion of the body, giving the body an organic integrity.

按照中医的说法，是将五脏和六内脏，四肢和骨头，五种感官和九个小孔与人体浅表部分的各种组织和器官联系起来的通道和侧支。有机完整性。

3.Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success. They arranged competitions between Huo and some of the best judo athletes from Japan. However, all of them were defeated by this Chinese wushu master.

上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元佳的名字和成功表示了憎恨。他们安排了Huo和一些日本最好的柔道运动员之间的比赛。但是，他们都被这位中国武术大师击败。

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1 中国武术不仅涵盖了西方体育的多种运动形式，而且，还拥有独特的东方传统运动形式、深邃的思想和厚重的文化。

Chinese martial arts not only covers multiple sports forms of western sports, but also has a unique eastern traditional sports form, profound thoughts and culture.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2 气功的内容非常广泛，其特点是通过练功者的主观努力对自己进行身心锻炼，主要包括调身、调心、调息、自我按摩和肢体活动等。

The content of Qigong is very extensive, and its characteristic is to exercise the body and mind through the practitioner‘s efforts , which mainly includes body adjustment, heart adjustment, breath adjustment, self-massage and physical activities.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3 霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。如今，纪念馆已列为天津市重点文物保护单位和天津市青少年爱国主义教育基地。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Former Residence Memorial Hall of Huo Yuanjia since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero. Today, the memorial hall has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit and a youth patriotism education base in Tianjin.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 新中国为顺应国际形势，以全国之力全民发展竞技体育，导致中国武术被卷入体育范畴，以比赛、竞技等形式进行“发展”。

Since its founding, China developed competitive sports along with the international trend supported by the whole nation. Therefore, wushu was involved in sports and developed in the form of competition and athletics. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

To be kept abreast of the international trend, China promoted competitive sports for all as a national effort, thus Chinese martial arts being included in sports and developing in the form of competition.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 与体育锻炼相比，气功更强调人的心理状态对人体健康的影响，强调通过主动的自我精神活动来调整自身的生理活动。

Compared with physical exercise, qigong emphasizes the influence of men’s psychological states on their own health, and it focuses on regulating physiological processes through mental activities on their own initiative. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Compared with physical exercise, qigong places more emphasis on the influence of the psychological states on human health, and on regulating physiological processes through spontaneous spiritual cultivation.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 1901年，有一俄国人来津在戏园卖艺，他在报纸上发广告，自称“世界第一大力士”，打遍中国无敌手。霍元甲看了广告极为气愤，并提出要与之决一雌雄。或许是迫于霍元甲的气势，“俄国大力士”竟灰溜溜地逃离了天津。

In 1901, a Russian came to Tianjin and made a living as a performer in an opera garden. He advertised on newspaper that he was the most powerful man in the world and was undefeated in China. When reading that, Huo Yuanjia was furious and asked for fighting it out. Forced by the momentum of Huo, the so-called "Russian strongman" departed Tianjin in disgrace. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 12:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

In 1901, a Russian came to Tianjin and made a living as a performer in a theater. He advertised in the newspaper that he was the “World’s Greatest Hercules” and that he had no rivals in China. Huo Yuanjia was furious at the advertisement and proposed a duel with him. Perhaps due to Huo’s deterrence, the “Russian Hercules” fled Tianjin in disgrace.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 10:32, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.若舍弃我武之魂，去炫耀，去张扬，去异门竞技，去追逐异族之魂（譬如奥林匹克精神），则只会自我主动降损安全性，和制造仇敌，对自身并无任何裨益。

Showing off power and seeking competence and spirit like Olympic spirit instead of keeping the spirit of our martial art only incur self-damaging and more enemies and will not do any good to yourself.

2.遗憾的是文化大革命把中国的传统文化——气功打入十八层地狱的最底层。搞气功的都成了“牛鬼蛇神”。

Unfortunately, due to the Cultural Revolution, Qigong, Chinese traditional culture, was dumped to the lowest depth of the hell and was disdained by people. People engaged in this are deemed to be evil and bad.

3.霍元甲死于日本人的恶意下毒，这样的剧情处理是比较经济的选择，因为这样编织剧情比较简单，轻松，不必像荷马先生那样绞尽脑汁想出个阿喀琉斯的脚后跟却费力不讨好。

Huo Yuanjia was maliciously poisoned by Japanese, which seemed to be a relatively reasonable choice to deal with the plot, much more simple and easy, unlike Homer, who racked up his mind and came up with the Achilles’s Heel but get little reward.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 09:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. So a definition of Chinese martial arts is the art of stopping war or the art of stopping violence.
因此，中国武术的定义是制止战争的艺术或制止暴力的艺术。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. Qigong is a philosophy of physical and meditative routines, and the tai chi exercise people practice in the parks can be considered a type of qigong too.
气功是一种身体和冥想活动的哲学，人们在公园里练习太极拳也可以被认为是一种气功。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. He would spend hours peeping through a hole he’d made in the courtyard wall.
他会花几个小时从他在院墙上挖的洞里偷窥.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 15:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==
1.武术（功夫）起源于中国古代约2500年以前。在众多武术套路中，太极拳最流行,而少林拳亦历史悠久，享有盛名。

Wushu (or Kungfu) appeared in ancient China as early as 2, 500 years ago. Among the many forms, Taijiquan may enjoy the highest popularity. Shaolin-quan is one of the well-known forms of Wushu with a long history.

2.气功，中国的一种健身运动，动作轻柔，注重冥想和吐纳，功效广泛，比如改善身体协调能力，降血压，甚至还有缓解抑郁的功能。

Qigong, a Chinese health practice based on gentle movements, meditation and breathing, has wide-ranging benefits, including improving balance, lowering blood pressure and even easing depression.

3.霍元甲的生活故事被改编成许多电影和电视连续剧。在这些改编作品中，他被描绘成一位英雄武术家，在面对外国侵略时竭力维护中国人民的尊严。

Huo's life story has been adapted into a number of films and television series. In these adaptations, Huo is typically depicted as a heroic martial artist who fights to uphold the dignity of the Chinese people in the face of foreign aggression. --[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 13:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论。根据黄河所划分的地理区域，中国武术的风格可分为北方风格和南方风格。

The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams. Styles of Chinese martial arts can be categorized as the Northern style and the Southern style according to the geographical regions divided by the Yellow River.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 自中华人民共和国成立以来，气功得到进一步发展，主要用于康复和保健，成为医学、生理学、生物学等学科的重要学习科目。

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, qigong has been further developed for healing and health preservation purposes, and has been studied as an important subject not just within medicine, but also in physiology and biochemistry.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, qigong has been further developed. It is mainly for healing and health care and has been an important subject of medicine, physiology and biochemistry.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲一生虽然短暂，却因其武艺出众、执仗正义、扬我国威而家喻户晓。

Although Huo Yuanjia's life was short, he became a household name because of his outstanding martial arts, upholding justice and promoting China's prestige.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Although Huo Yuanjia's life was short, he became known to every household because of his outstanding martial arts, upholding justice and promoting China's prestige.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==

1.改革开放后,武术一般按其内容分为套路和搏击格斗两个类别。
After the reform and opening up, martial art is generally divided into two categories of routine and fighting.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

After the reform and opening up, martial art is generally divided into two categories--routine and fighting.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:56, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。
Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation and disease elimination.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。
Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and disease prevention.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 03:06, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。
In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north, Huang Feihong in the south, and both the northern and southern swordsmen are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Wushu with a long history can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It has a broad mass base and is a precious cultural heritage being accumulated and enriched by Chinese labors through long-term social practices.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2、气功认为人有三宝:精气神。通过修炼人身体内的这三宝，积精累气，凝神静心，达到经络通达，强壮身体，祛除疾病，甚至挖掘人体潜力的目的。

It is believed in Qigong that people have three treasures: essence, energy and spirit. Cultivating the three treasures in our bodies through saving essence and energy and calming down spirit can help dredge meridians, build up a strong body, remove diseases and even exploit our potentials.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3、孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。
Sun Yat-sen spoke very highly of Huo Yuanjia’s courage and insight that Chinese people should protect the country and strengthen themselves through force. On the 10th anniversary of the Jingwu Association, Sun Yat-sen was present and wrote the four Chinese characters “尚武精神” (the spirit of martial arts) to memorize Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:05, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Grosheva, Anna==

1.In contemporary times, wushu has become an international sport through the International Wushu Federation (IWUF), which holds the World Wushu Championships every two years.
在当代，武术已通过国际武术联合会成为一项国际运动，该联盟每两年举行一次世界武术锦标赛.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Qigong exercise is an internal exercise routine to move the qi around in the body and learn to control the qi.
气功锻炼是一种内部锻炼程序，可以使体内的气举运动和学习控制气势。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.This was their own brand of kung fu, developed for service as bodyguards, taught in full to sons of the family and in part to any students who had the money to learn.
这是他们自己的功夫品牌，是作为保镖服务而开发的，完全传授给全家的儿子，部分教导有钱学习的学生。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:55, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==

1. 中国武术的起源可以追溯到原始社会。当时的人类用棍棒等工具与野兽搏斗，逐渐积累了一些攻防经验。而商代产生田猎更被视为武术训练的重要手段。

The origin of Chinese martial arts can be traced back to primitive society. At that time, humans used sticks and other tools to fight with wild animals, and gradually accumulated some experience in attack and defense. In the Shang Dynasty, hunting was considered an important means of martial arts training.

2.气功在保健方面有独特的功效。他是建立在整体生命观理论基础上，通过主动的内向性运用意识活动的锻炼，改造、完美、提高人体的生命功能，把自然的本能变为自觉智能的实践。气功与中医、武术一起，被认为是重要中华传统文化之一，受到世界范围内许多人的喜爱。

Qigong has unique effects on health care. It is based on the theory of a holistic view of life. It is a practice that transforms, perfects and improves the life functions of the human body through the active inward application of conscious activity, turning natural instincts into conscious intelligence. Along with Chinese medicine and martial arts, qigong is considered to be one of the most important traditional Chinese cultures and is loved by many people around the world.

3. 也许，历史迷雾中的霍元甲故事，有这样或者那样艺术加工的部分，但是，霍元甲所创精武体育会时倡导的“国民欲拒辱，必当自强”的尚武自强意识，确实是那个时代以来前赴后继的国人的真实愿望和想法。

The story of Huo Yuanjia in the fog of history may have one or more artistic processing, but Huo Yuanjia created the Jingwu Sports Association advocated that "the people want to resist humiliation, must be self-improvement," the sense of self-strengthening martial arts, is indeed the real wishes and thoughts of the people since that era.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.中国是东方武术的主要发源地，有着世界上独一无二的“武文化”。中国武术又被称为“功夫”，是中国传统文化的很重要一环，是中国民族体育的主要内容之一，是几千年来中国人民用以锻炼身体和自卫的一种方法。以往，人们只能在一些书中或者表演中感受到中国武术的影响力，现在它的影响力已经体现在一些电影电视中，有了更多的观众群体。中国武术已经传播到国外，吸引了全世界的广泛注意。

As one of the main birth places of Oriental martial arts, China has the unique “martial culture” in the world. Chinese martial arts, also known as Kung Fu, is an important component of Chinese culture, a major part of Chinese national sport, as well as a way for Chinese people to build their bodies and defend themselves over the past thousands of years. In the past, the influence of Chinese martial arts could be felt only in books or performances. Nowadays, the influence has found expression in some movies and television programs, so that it is reaching a much wider audience. As a result, Chinese martial arts have spread beyond China’s borders and captured the wide attention of the people around the world.

2.气功是中国文化的杰出遗产，也是传统中医的一个重要组成部分。它是以调心、调息、调身为手段的身心锻炼方法。气功能解乏并改善睡眠质量，从而提高工作效率。因此，在当代中国气功仍然很流行。气功分为医疗气功和健身气功两类：医疗气功用于治疗身体疾病;健身气功主要用于强健体魄，延缓衰老。越来越多的外国人加入练气功的行列。

Qigong is an outstanding legacy of Chinese culture as well as an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.It is to exercise both the body and the mind through the regulation of the mind,the breath and the body.Qigong relieves fatigue and improves sleep quality so as to improve work efficiency,which is why it is still popular in China now.There are two kinds of Qigong practices,that is,healing Qigong and fitness Qigong. The former serves as a treatment for diseases while the latter is used for strengthening the body and delaying aging.An increasing number of foreigners join the ranks of practicing Qigong.

3.在我国武术史上一共有几个与帝国主义侵略者斗争的武术大师，其中最为让后世子孙和国人所敬仰的就是霍元甲。后来在新中国成立之后，有不少影视公司以霍元甲的原型拍电影以作纪念。

In the history of Chinese Wushu, there are several masters who fought against imperialist invaders. Among them,Huo Yuanjia is the one that is most admired by future generations and people. Later, after the founding of New China, many film and television companies used his prototype to make movies as a commemoration.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 03:12, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1-Chinese martial arts, often named under the umbrella terms kung fu, kuoshu or wushu, are several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families", "sects" or "schools" of martial arts.

中国武术，通常以“功夫”，“武术”或“武术”等统称命名，是数百年来在中国发展起来的数百种格斗风格。这些格斗风格通常根据共同特征进行分类，即武术的“家庭”，“教派”或“学校”。

2-Qigong (pronounced chee-gong) is an ancient Chinese exercise and healing technique that involves meditation, controlled breathing and movement exercises. Qi is a concept from traditional Chinese culture that roughly means vital energy, information, breath or spirit.

气功（发音为气功）是一种古老的中国运动和康复技术，涉及冥想，控制呼吸和运动锻炼。气是中国传统文化中的一个概念，大致意味着生命力，信息，呼吸或精神。

3-Huo Yuanjia, courtesy name Junqing, was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai.

霍元嘉（Junqing）有礼貌，是中国武术家，是上海武术学校进和田径协会的联合创始人。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 16:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲，字俊卿，中国武术家，精武体育会、上海体育学校共同创始人之一。--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 03:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success.

上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元佳的名字和成功表示了憎恨。

许多在上海的日本柔道摔跤手都嫉妒霍元甲的名声和成就。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2. A museum and an arena for martial contests have also been built to memorialize Huo’s heritage.

为了纪念霍的遗产，还建立了一个博物馆和一个武术比赛场地。

为纪念霍元甲留下的武术遗产，还建立了一所博物馆和一个武术竞技场。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails, limbs and bones, five senses and nine orifices with the various tissues and organs of the superficial portion of the body, giving the body an organic integrity.

在古代，气功被称为金枪鱼（呼气和吸气），练气（生命力的训练），倒阴，内功（内部自我锻炼），静静地坐着，冥想或呼吸运动。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 09:12, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

根据中医的说法，经络将五脏六腑、四肢骨骼、五官九孔同人体浅表部位的各种组织和器官相连，形成人体的有机整体性。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.在中国武术中，有一种被称为“太极拳”的功夫受到人们的普遍喜爱，“太极”是本是中国哲学术语。《周易》将八卦的产生归根于太极。
As one of the main sports to help people stay fit, taiji quan, or shadow boxing(Known internationally as "tai chi chuan") is very popular with Chinese people. "Taiji"(the Supreme Ultimate) is a Chinese philosophical term, to which The Book of Changes (Yijing) attributes the origin of the Eight Trigrams.

2.中华气功大致是以调心、调息、调身为手段，以防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法.
Generally speaking, Chinese qigong is a physical and mental exercise method that aims at regulating the mind, rest and body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit and prolonging life, and developing potential.

3.武术，又被称为中国功夫。说起中国功夫，热门马上会想到李小龙，他的功夫风靡世界。这位英年早逝的功夫高手几乎成为中国功夫的化身，他的在拳术、剑术、刀术、棍术等方面都有很深的造诣，他的令人眼花缭乱的三节棍等功夫给人留下极深的印象。
When people talk of the martial arts, or kung fy, they most immediately think of Bruce Lee, and his great accomplishments in boxing, swordplay, and the skill with knives and sticks. His dazzling three-section stick skills left a deep impression on audiences.

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。

Wushu is a kind of inherited technology in ancient military war. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body and defend the enemy's attack.

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and health preservation. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health maintenance and disease elimination. It is a method of physical and mental exercise that aims at strengthening the body, preventing and curing diseases, keeping fit and prolonging life, and developing potential by means of adjustment of breathing, adjustment of body activities and adjustment of consciousness.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 02:55, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north and Huang Feihong in the south. Both the northern and southern swordsmen are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts. Huo Yuanjia punches Western warriors and kicks Japanese warriors; Huang Feihong, tiger and crane, is famous in the Wulin and famous in Xiangjiang.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 09:11, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 武术不仅以外在的形体美著称，如架势、动作以及技巧，而且其内在美更为独特，被称为“生活之本，力量之源”。武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论。

1. Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also deep interior beauty, emphasizing “life essence, vital energy, and spirit”. The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Wushu is known not only for exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also for deep interior beauty, referred to as “the essence of life and the source of energy”. The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements (Wu Xing) and the Eight Trigrams (Ba Gua).--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 04:42, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是一种心身锻炼，锻炼姿势、呼吸和精神集中度，以疏通经络，重建身体平衡.中医认为这种生理变化是通过经络在全身循环的气的流动和功能的波动和变化的结果。

2. Qigong is a psychopneumatological exercise,drills posture, respiration and focus of the mind in order to unclog the channels and collaterals and re-established body equilibrium. Traditional chinese medicine regards such physiological changes as results of fluctuations and changes in the flow and functions of Qi which circulate throughout the body through channels and collaterals. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲是一位中国武术家，也是上海金宇体育协会的创始人之一。作为武术大师，霍在中国被视为英雄，因为他在备受关注的比赛中击败了外国拳手，而此时中国的主权正受到外国帝国主义、租界和势力范围的侵蚀。

3. Huo Yuanjia was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. A practitioner of the martial art mizongyi, Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches at a time when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism, concessions and spheres of influence. --[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 13:06, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. As a practitioner of martial arts, Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism and concessions.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 03:03, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 武术发源于传统中国武术，是一种展示性运动，也是一种全接触型运动。1949年后，武术在中国得到发展，以推动传统中国武术的标准化，以及多样而分散的武术传统的结构化。

Wushu is both an exhibition and a full-contact sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts. It was developed in China after 1949, in an effort to standardize the practice of traditional Chinese martial arts and attempt to structure the various decentralized martial arts traditions.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, keeping fit and eliminating diseases. In ancient times, it was also called "Dan Dao", a physical and mental exercise method with the means of adjusting breath, physical activities and consciousness, aiming at strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit, prolonging life and developing potentials. And there is a vast amount of qigong literature in ancient China, which is recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical works. So founding and sorting related materials is an important and arduous task, which requires the researchers to have not only rich knowledges of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also a great foundation of qigong.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲（Fearless，1868年1月18日-1910年9月14日），字俊卿，生于天津静海县，清末著名爱国武术家，沧州十大武术名人之一。霍元甲喜行侠仗义，曾打败俄国大力士、英国大力士、日本柔道会，后在上海创办中国精武体育会，掀起习武热潮。

Huo Yuanjia ( English name: Fearless, January 18th, 1868 - September 14th, 1910), whose style name is Junqin, was born in Jinghai County, Tianjin. He was a noted patriotic martial artist in late Qing Dynasty, one of the ten famed martial artists in Cangzhou. Huo Yuanjia had a strong sense of justice and was ready to help the weak. He once defeated Russian hercules, British hercules and Japanese judo association. After that, he founded China Jingwu Sports Association in Shanghai and set off a wave of martial arts practice.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 02:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 咏春拳是一种十分科学、实战性强的拳术，它拳快而防守紧密，马步灵活而上落快，攻守兼备及守攻同期，注重刚柔并济，气力消耗量少。

Wing Chun Boxing is a very scientific and practical boxing. It is fast in attack and tight in defense, flexible in horse stance and fast in going up and down, both offensive and defensive at the same time, both rigid and soft, and less in strength consumption.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 八段锦为传统医学中的绚丽多彩之瑰宝。一般有八节，锦者，誉其似锦之柔和优美。

Baduanjin Exercise is a colorful treasure in traditional medicine. Generally, there are eight sections, and the word "jin", which means brocade in Chinese, represents that the exercise has both softness and beauty like brocade.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家。1910年6月1日，霍元甲结合时势，在农劲荪等武术界同仁协助下，在上海创办了“中国精武体操会”（后改名精武体育会）。

Huo Yuanjia was a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. On June 1, 1910, with the help of Nong Jinsun and other martial arts colleagues, Huo Yuanjia founded the "Chinese Jingwu Gymnastics Club" (later renamed Jingwu Sports Club) in Shanghai.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:40, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Yongchun is a very scientific and practical boxing style. It is fast and defensive, flexible and quick while emphasizing strength and flexibility, thus consuming little energy.

2. Baduanjin is the colorful treasure of traditional medicine. There are generally eight sections, and “Jin” is described as soft and graceful like brocade.

3. Huo Yuanjia was a famous patriotic martial artist of the late Qing Dynasty, who founded the “China Jingwu Gymnastics Association” (later renamed “Jingwu Sports Association”) in Shanghai on June 1, 1910, with the assistance of Nong Jinsun and other martial artists, taking into account the current situation.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 07:20, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1.中国武术作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，能够深刻反映出中华文化的特质和哲学智慧，其蕴含的文化、思想、智慧，至今仍发挥着重要的价值。

As the treasure of the traditional Chinese culture, Chinese martial can deeply reflect the characteristics and philosophical wisdom of Chinese culture, and the culture, thoughts, and wisdom they contain still play an important value.

As the treasure of the traditional Chinese culture, Chinese martial arts can deeply reflect the distinguish characteristics and philosophical wisdom of Chinese culture, and the culture, thoughts, and wisdom they contain still hold great value.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 12:02, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2.中华气功,是人类养生、健身、强身的重要方法,是开启生命科学的金钥匙。

Chinese qigong is an important method for human health, fitness, and health strengthening, and is the golden key to open the life sciences.

Qi gong of China is an important way for people to stay healthy,work out and get stronger,which is also an golden key for the door of life sciences.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]])Xiao Ting

3.电影《精武英雄》中的主角是精武门五弟子陈真,而精武门中除了陈真之外,还有另一位传奇人物,那就是陈真的师父,也就是精武门的创立人——霍元甲。

In the movie "Hero of Jingwu," the main character is Chen Zhen, one of the five disciples of the Jingwu Sect, and in addition to Chen Zhen, there is another legendary figure, Chen Zhen's master, Huo Yuanjia, the founder of the Jingwu Sect.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 09:10, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、表演与竞技、体育等，是近代对武术的曲解。当我们以表演、竞技、体育等来衡量我们的武术，其实，是以我们非常有限的几十年、上百年的"知识认知"，来定义我们沉淀进化亿万年而得的身体的使用价值，是非常局限的。

Performance and competition, sports and so on, are modern misinterpretations of martial arts. When we measure our martial arts in terms of performance, competition, sports, etc., in fact, it is very limited to define the use value of our bodies, which we have accumulated and evolved over hundreds of millions of years, based on our very limited "knowledge cognition" of decades or hundreds of years.

2、气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。

The benefits of Qigong are not only health care, but also the treatment of diseases. If patients choose qigong as adjuvant therapy, different qigong should be selected according to different diseases.

3、作为一个经常在电视荧幕上出现的武术家，霍元甲的种种传奇故事已经被很多人所熟知。但是，在很多人眼里，霍元甲仅仅是一个武林高手，却忘了，他同样是一位爱国人士。从生到死，他都在以自己独特的方式为国家民族争取尊严。

The legend of Huo Yuanjia, a martial artist who often appears on TV, is well known to many people. However, in the eyes of many people, Huo yuanjia is just a martial arts master, but forget that he is also a patriot. From birth to death, he fought for the dignity of his country and nation in his own unique way.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 08:46, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。
Wushu is a kind of inherited technology from ancient military war. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body and defend the enemy's attack.

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒家、医家书中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
There are a myriad of Qigong documents in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical books. Mining and sorting out process is an important and arduous task. It requires researchers not only to have a higher knowledge of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also to have a good level of Qigong.

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。
In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north of China, Huang Feihong in the south, and the both men are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 09:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

1.Wushu is a technology inherited from ancient military wars. Martial arts can strengthen the body and defend against the enemy's attack.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.There are numerous documents related to qigong in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoist, Confucian and medical books. Excavating and sorting work is an important and arduous task, which requires researchers not only to have higher knowledge of medicine, qigong, ancient Chinese and modern Chinese, but also to master qigong skills.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.In the impression of Chinese people, there are Huo Yuanjia in the north of China, Huang Feihong in the south, and both the men are great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 16:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

1. 武术具有消停战事、维护和平的实力。作为中华民族炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂。中国武术最早起始于原始时代，当时的人们为了生存经常需要和动物打斗，于是在打斗过程中产生了一系列的格斗技巧和防护技巧。

Wushu has the power to stop wars and maintain peace. As the survival skills of the descendants of the Chinese people, it has gone through thousands of years of ups and downs in the course of Chinese history and civilization, becoming a bond that sustains the survival and development of this nation. Wushu originated in primitive times, when people had to fight with all kinds of animals in order to survive. It is in this process that a series of fighting and protecting skills were generated. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial arts have the power to stop wars and maintain peace. As a survival skill of the Chinese people, traditional Chinese martial arts have accompanied the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years and have become the soul that sustains the survival and development of the nation. The earliest Chinese martial arts began in primitive times, when people often had to fight with animals in order to survive, so a series of fighting skills and protective techniques were developed during the fighting process.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功是源于中国的一种自我身心锻炼的方法，尽管气功功法种类很多，但是强调放松入静是共同的。气功包含身心两部分活动，并从天、地、人的关系中获得启示。气功作为中国传统文化的组成部分和民族传统体育项目，具有一定的强身健体作用，千百年来受到许多群众的喜爱。

Qigong originating in China is a self-training approach of the body and mind. Although there are varieties of Qigong exercises, it is common to emphasize relaxation and meditation. The Qigong, involving both physical and mental activity, drew inspiration from the relationship between heaven, earth and man. It can improve people’s physical health, and is an integral part of Chinese traditional culture and national sport. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Although there are many different types of qigong methods, the emphasis on relaxation and meditation is common to all. Qigong consists of both physical and mental activities and draws inspiration from the relationship between heaven, earth and man. As a part of traditional Chinese culture and a traditional national sport, qigong has a certain role in strengthening the body and has been enjoyed by many people for thousands of years.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲幼年体弱，因此父亲不让他学习武术，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声。但元甲志存高远，想尽各种办法学艺苦练。

Huo Yuanjia was weak at an early age, so his father restrained him from learning Wushu for fear that he would damage the reputation of the Huo family. Inspired by lofty ambitions, he was committed to learning it and practicing whenever he could. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:12, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia's martial arts training would harm the Huo family's reputation later on. However, Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:24, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage the Huo family's reputation later on. However, Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 04:02, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1.作为中华民族炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂和承载中华儿女基因构成的魄。

As the survival skills of the descendants of the Chinese nation,Chinese traditional martial arts has gone through ups and downs along with the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years.It has become the soul sustains the survival and development of the Chinese nation and that carries the genetic composition of the Chinese people.

As a survival skill of the Chinese descendants,traditional martial arts has gone through ups and downs in the course of the development of Chinese history and civilization for thousands of years.It has become the soul that sustains the survival and development of the Chinese nation and carries the genes of the Chinese people.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.体育锻炼非常重视心理状态的影响，几乎所有体育项目的竞技成绩都与运动员的心理稳定性有关，只是影响的程度不同，情绪的任何波动都可能大大影响成绩。

Physical exercise attaches great importance to the influence of psychological states, almost all the performances of sports events are related to the psychological stability of athletes, only the degree differs.Any emotional fluctuation may greatly affect the performances.

Psychological states have a great impact on physical exercise. Almost all the performances of sports events are related to the psychological stability of athletes except for the degree. Any emotional fluctuation may affect the performances to a large extent.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:14, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.据说农劲荪是霍元甲在政治上的启蒙者及几乎所有事业的幕后支持者，正是在他的谆谆教诲及不懈的包装下，霍元甲从靠拳头吃饭的一介武夫，最终树立了民族英雄的光辉形象。

It is said that Nong Jinsun was Huo Yuanjia’s enlightenment politically and backer of almost all his careers.It was under Nong’s inculcation and unremitting package that Huo finally set up a glorious image as national hero when initially made a living as rough-neck.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 02:57, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

It is said that Nong Jinsun was Huo Yuanjia’s enlightenment politically and backer of almost all his careers.It was under Nong’s inculcation and unremitting package that Huo finally set up a glorious image as a national hero while he initially made a living as a rough-neck.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1．《卧虎藏龙》是由李安执导，周润发、杨紫琼和章子怡等联袂主演的一部武侠动作电影。影片讲述一代大侠李慕白有退出江湖之意，托付红颜知己乐秀莲将自己的青冥剑带到京城，作为礼物送给贝勒爷收藏。李慕白隐退江湖的举动实际却是惹来更多的江湖恩怨。

The Wuxia film ''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'' was directed by Li An and acted by Chow Yunfat, Michelle Yeoh and Zhang Ziyi, which depicted a story that the martial art master Li Mubai (act by Chow Yunfat) intended to withdraw from the martial art community so that asked his female bosom friend Xiu Lian (act by Michelle Yeoh) to bring his Qing Ming sword as a gift to Beile (a royal family member). However, Li’s withdraw brought about more enmity from the martial art community. --[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2．王林自称用气功能做到空盆来蛇、空杯来酒等绝活，及为外国首脑高官治病的特异功能。

Wang Lin, the charlatan who self-announced as a Qigong master, said that he can fetch snake or wine with empty cups and possessed the mystical skill which had cured the foreign high rank officials. --[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3．霍元甲生在一个迷踪拳的世家。父亲霍恩第以保镖（护送财物或保护雇主人身安全）为业，因霍恩第的迷踪拳出神入化，所以很多大商人都求他保镖，霍恩第只镖穷苦百姓、清白之人，对贪官污吏决不保镖。

Huo Yuanjia was born in a family which holding reputation for Mizong Boxing for generations. His father Huo Endi was a master of boxing and dealing with envoy business, so many merchants wanted to invite him to work. Huo Endi, however, rejected the corrupt officials and only serviced for the decent merchants and poor people.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 10:14, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

Chinese martial arts, which have been handed down along with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, are an important and inseparable part of the culture that has safeguarded our civilization so far. It is one of the indispensable core elements of our country's cultural rise and civilizational rule.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2、武术气功是锻炼人体内的气与力在意志支配下自由上下来去，是一种气与力的内在运动。它是旁人所看不见的，只能自己体会，因此必须自下决心，一旦练到量变到质变，即是功成之日。

Wushu qigong is the inner movement of qi and force within the human body that is exercised to come up and go down freely under the control of the will. It is invisible to others and can only be experienced by oneself, so one must make up one's own mind, and once one's practice has changed from quantitative to qualitative, that is the day one's work is accomplished.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3、霍元甲逝世。“下毒说”是武侠小说、影视安排主角之死采用得最普遍的一种做法，一个武功高强、智慧过人、道德高尚的侠客和英雄，如果他非死不可的话，他的死一般来说总是对手卑鄙暗算的结果。霍元甲死于日本人的恶意下毒，这样的剧情处理是比较经济的选择。

Huo Yuanjia passed away. "A highly skilled, intelligent, morally upright swordsman and hero, if he had to die, his death would generally be the result of a dastardly plot by his opponent. Huo Yuanjia's death by Japanese poisoning was a more economical choice for this scenario.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
现如今国际赛事代表中国功夫的往往都是散打出身，散打的历史也证明只有不断推陈出新才能适应时代。
Nowadays, the representatives of Chinese Kungfu in international competitions often learn from Sanda. The history of Sanda also proves that only by constantly innovating can we adapt to the times.
我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、佛医、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
Ancient qigong documents in our country are tremendous, and there are a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Buddhist medicine, Confucian medicine, and medical materials. It is an important and arduous task to dig more related to qigong, which not only requires researchers to have a good command of knowledge in medicine, qigong studies, ancient Chinese, and modern Chinese, but also of skilled qigong.

无论是下毒的外因说还是病死的内因说，霍元甲有病都是一个事实，因为没有病就不需吃药，不吃药就不会中毒。在外因说里面，日本医生秋野要下毒，也是趁霍元甲有病要吃药的机会做的小动作。
Whether it is the external cause of poisoning or the internal cause of death, it is a fact that Huo Yuanjia was sick, because there is no need to take medicine if he was fit in health, and there would be no poisoning without medicine as a tool. For the former, If the Japanese doctor Akino wanted to poison, he would take advantage of Huo Yuanjia's illness and do some tricks about his medicine.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 02:59, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 少林武术是我国极具代表性的传统武术流派，在历史发展过程中不断延伸，形成了庞大的体系和丰富的文化积淀。长久以来，少林功夫以武艺精湛闻名于世，同时远遁世俗，颇具高深莫测的神秘之感。

The Shaolin Temple is one of the most famous traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed a rich system with abundant cultural accumulation. For a long time, shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its magnificent techniques, as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

The Shaolin martial art is one of the most representative traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed an enormous system with abundant cultural accumulation. For a long time, Shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its consummate techniques as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:29, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

The Shaolin Temple is one of the most representative traditional schools in China. Throughout history, it has developed and formed a rich system with abundant cultural deposits. For a long time, shaolin kungfu has been renowned for its magnificent techniques, as well as a sense of mystical seclusion.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, keeping fit and curing diseases. In ancient times, it was also called "Dan Dao", a physical and mental exercise method with the meeans of adjusting breath, physical activity and consciousness, aimed at strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, keeping fit, extending the longevity and developing the potential.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3 霍元甲是一代武术传奇，以一套千变万化的“迷踪艺”声震四方，曾在国家危难之际，参与建立成立于1910的精武会。

Huo Yuanjia was a legendary kung fu master famous for the complicated art called Mizongyi (literally "lost track fist"). He helped established the Chin Woo Athletic Association in 1910 when the country was vulnerable to imperialism.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a legendary kung fu master famous for the complicated art called Mizongyi (literally "lost track fist"). He helped establish the Chin Woo Athletic Association in 1910 when the country was vulnerable to imperialism.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:56, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1、中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Wushu, with a long history, can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It has a broad mass base and is a precious cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by Chinese labors through long-term social practices.

Wushu, with a long history, can be dated back to Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is very popular among the common people and is a precious cultural heritage accumulated and enriched by Chinese workers through long-term social practices.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care and health preservation. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, regimen and disease-dispelling. It is a kind of physical and mental exercise method which takes the adjustment of breath, physical activity and consciousness as the means to strengthen the body, prevent and treat diseases, keep fit and prolong life, and develop potential.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

3. 霍元甲幼年体弱，因此父亲不让他学习武术，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声。但元甲志存高远，想尽各种办法学艺苦练。

Huo Yuanjia was weak at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage Huo family's reputation later. But Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 11:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was in poor health at a young age, so his father forbade him from learning martial arts, fearing that Yuanjia would damage Huo family's reputation later. But Yuanjia was ambitious and tried every possible way to learn and practice Kung fu.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 04:49, 30 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史，文武相承相传。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术给修习者带来的高度安全的核心价值，同时不注重自身身体的锻练，导致出现对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。

Chinese martial arts have a long history and can be verified by a 4200 year history of Chinese civilization, showing that civil and military traditions are handed down from generation to generation. However, most of laymen's understanding of Chinese martial arts is limited in the definition of Wushu as ornamental and competitive, while neglecting the core value of high security brought by martial arts to practitioners, and neglecting their own body training, which leads to misunderstanding of Chinese traditional martial arts, which is not conducive to the cultivation and dissemination of real Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a kind of behavior therapy which is beneficial to mental and physical health and which is fixed in the form of conditioned reflex.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a kind of behavior therapy which is beneficial to mental and physical health.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 09:13, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.元甲天资聪颖，毅力惊人，功艺长足进步，在兄弟之中出类超群，并在24岁那年5分钟之内击败了一位打败了霍元甲的哥哥与弟弟的人。父见此，一改旧念，悉心传艺于他。后元甲以武会友，融合各家之长，将祖传“秘宗拳”发展为“迷踪艺”，使祖传拳艺达到了新的高峰。

Huo Yuanjia is talented and has made great progress in his skills with his sheer will-power. He is outstanding among his brothers. He defeated a man who had defeated his brother and younger brother in five minutes when he was 24 years old. After having seen this, his father changed his old thoughts and devoted all his attention to passe on his skills to Huo Yuanjia. Later Yuanjia met friends with martial arts , combined the strengths of various schools, and developed the ancestral "secret boxing" into "lost track school", which made the ancestral boxing reach a new peak.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.先有舞，后有武。武，举戈而舞，旌旗、震慑。

Dancing is the predecessor of martial arts,which is a kind of dance with weapons and flags for deterrence.

2.练气要诀：专心呼吸，轻松舒适，静观其变，顺其自然，自然而然，聚精会神，感生化力。

There are some knacks when practising Qigong:firstly people should concentrate their breath and be relaxed and comfortable;secondly they should wait and see the changeand then let nature take its course;finally they can feel the emergence of energy with high concentration.

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

Upon the perception of Chinese people,Huo Yuanjia from the North and Huang Feihong from the South are both renowned heroes among Chinese martial-arts circle.The former beat the Western hercule by pugilism and kicked the Japanese warrior;the latter was famous for his tiger-crane shaped boxing and was honored by the whole Xiang River region.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 武術，又稱搏擊、格鬥，是指以肢體或冷兵器、武器互相競技的技術。
Wushu, also known as martial arts, refers to the techniques of fighting with each other with arms or legs or using weapons.

2. 气功（炁功）是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。
Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation and disease healing.

3. 霍元甲（1868年1月18日－1910年9月14日），字俊卿，清末武術家。祖籍河北省沧州市东光县安乐屯，生于直隶省靜海縣小南河村（今属天津市西青区南河镇，为纪念霍元甲，自2009年1月18日起更名为精武镇）
Huo Yuanjia (January 18, 1868 - September 14, 1910), named Junqing, a martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. His native home was in Anletun, Dongguang County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, and he was born in Xiaonanhe Village, Jinghai County, Zhili Province (now it is in Nanhe Town, Xiqing District, Tianjin City. To commemorate Huo Yuanjia, it was renamed Jingwu town since January 18, 2009)

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1. 武术，止戈的技术，消停战事的技术，是物质文明的保障和导向。武术分别体现在国家的国防实力、和个人的安全防卫方面，在不同的时期和不同地方，有不同形式的应用和进步。

Wushu, the skill to avert conflicts and stop warfare, provides security and guidance in the material civilization. It is represented in the national defense capabilities and personal security. From time to time and place to place, it has different forms of application and progress.

2. 直到“文革”结束之后，气功事业发生了空前的变化，正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都懂得“气功”并非玄虚之事，而是一门特殊的学问，“气功”成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。

After the Cultural Revolution, unprecedented changes happened to the development of Qigong, through which the authentic schools developed into a special science. Since eople got to know Qigong is not a matter of mystery, but a special science, it has become a term of a special science on people's physical and mental health.

After the Cultural Revolution, unprecedented changes happened to the development of Qigong, through which the authentic schools developed into a special science. Since people started to know Qigong is not a matter of mystery, but a special science, it has become a term of a special science on people's physical and mental health.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:34, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3. 电影《霍元甲》所表现出来的民族精神包括自强不息，崇尚武德，爱国主义，博大宽容和团结互助等方面。这些民族精神给观众以强烈的震撼，并在社会主义建设事业中发挥着精神激励和民族凝聚力的作用。

The film ''Huo Yuanjia'' present several national spirits including self-striving, promoting Wushu virtuousness, patriotism, fraternity and tolerence and unity and mutual help, which greatly shock the audience and provide the spiritual encouragement and national cohesion for the task of socialist construction. --[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 06:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

The film ''Huo Yuanjia'' presents several national spirits including self-striving, promoting Wushu virtuousness, patriotism, fraternity and tolerence and unity and mutual help, which greatly shock the audience and provide the spiritual encouragement and national cohesion for the task of socialist construction.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:02, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.中国武术，首先是一门制止侵袭的技术；在这个基础上，我们可以获得从身体到头脑、到心性方面融汇贯通的个人修习、获得从安全到快乐的满足，安以常乐。

Chinese martial arts, first of all, is a technique to stop invasion; on this basis, we obtain personal training that integrates the transition from the body to the mind, to the mind and nature, obtains the satisfaction from safety to happiness, and enjoys constant happiness.

2.气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。

The benefits of Qigong are not only health care, but also disease treatment. If the patient chooses Qigong as an auxiliary therapy, then different Qigong should be chosen according to different diseases.

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。如今，纪念馆已列为天津市重点文物保护单位和天津市青少年爱国主义教育基地。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Fearless Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero. Today, the memorial hall has been listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Tianjin and a youth patriotism education base in Tianjin.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 09:32, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 09:32, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-武术既有武术元素，也有中国传统体操甚至中国戏曲的元素。

Wushu has martial elements, but also elements taken from traditional Chinese gymnastics and even Chinese opera.--[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

Wushu is a kind of martial art and contains elements taken from traditional Chinese gymnastics and even Chinese opera.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:58, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2-气功可以协调，增强所有内脏和身体系统的功能，并具有治愈作用。它增加了能量在整个身体中的供应和流动，可以具有多种恢复活力的作用，被认为可以延长寿命，并且可以诱发镇定的精神和情绪状态。

Qigong can harmonise, strengthen, and have a healing effect on the functioning of all the internal organs and bodily systems. It increases the supply and flow of energy throughout the body, can have a variety of rejuvenating effects and is believed to increase longevity, and it induces calm mental and emotional states.--[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

3-霍元嘉（1868年1月18日至1910年8月9日），[1]礼貌名俊俊，是中国武术家，也是上海武术学校进和田径协会的联合创始人。霍先生是武术武术宗师[2]，在中国主权受到外国帝国主义，让步和势力范围侵蚀的时候，因在公开宣传的比赛中击败外国战士而被认为是中国的英雄。

Huo Yuanjia (18 January 1868 – 9 August 1910),[1] courtesy name Junqing, was a Chinese martial artist and a co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association, a martial arts school in Shanghai. A practitioner of the martial art mizongyi,[2] Huo is considered a hero in China for defeating foreign fighters in highly publicised matches at a time when Chinese sovereignty was being eroded by foreign imperialism, concessions and spheres of influence. --[[User:Phyo Su Kyi 1|Phyo Su Kyi 1]] ([[User talk:Phyo Su Kyi 1|talk]]) 03:46, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Phyo Su Kyi

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.武术是中国传统的搏击风格，在中国发展了很长的历史，被称为``功夫''。

Wushu is a Chinese traditional fighting style which has developed over a long historical period in China, known as Kung Fu.Wushu came under the influence of Buddhism and taoism.

2.气功被认为是中国功夫的精髓，它是一个古老的中国保健系统，集体育锻炼，呼吸控制和心理训练于一体。

Qigong is considered an essence of China kung fu, it is an ancient chinese Health care system that integrates physical exercise, breath control and mental training.

3.霍元嘉是中国武术家，是上海武术学校的联合创始人。霍被视为中国英雄。

Huo Yuanjia is known as a Chinese martial artist and co-founder of a martial arts school in Shanghai. Huo is considered as a hero in China.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 11:31, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1. 我们的承传的中国武术文化，就是一套全面精湛的“自保”文化，而非“攻击”文化。因为攻击最终也是为了获得生存、生活、快活、快乐，而不是为了攻击、而攻击。
Chinese martial arts that we inherit is a set of comprehensive and consummate culture of “self-defense” culture, instead of “attack”, since even if it contains attack actions, it attacks ultimately for substance, living, joviality and happiness, rather than attacking for the sake of attacking.

2. 气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。古代或名“丹道”，以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。
Qigong is a Chinese traditional way to keep healthy, cultivate onself and dispelling disease. Also named Dandao in ancient times, it is a method of exercising physically and mentally, which aims at body building, preventing and curing disease, and prolonging life through adjusting breathe, body motion, and conciousness.

3. 霍元甲的徒弟和朋友们拿着霍元甲每日吃的药去化验，才知是一瓶慢性烂肺药，明白了这是日本人暗下的毒手。逝世时年仅42岁。
After assaying the medicine that Huo Yuanjia took everyday, his apprentices and friends finally got to know that it was those Japanese who murdered Huo. He passed away when he was only fourty-two years old.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:08, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Wushu, Chinese martial arts, is known in the west as kungfu.

武术是中国武术，在西方被称为功夫。

2. Wushu has developed into a great variety of schools and styles.

武术已经发展成为各种各样的学校和风格。

3. According to traditional Chinese medicine, it is the channels and collaterals that link the five viscera and six entrails.

中医认为，连接五脏the和六脏的途径和附属物

4. Wushu is not only a way to enhance one’s health and skills. Its long association with dance has lent an enriching artistic quality.

武术不仅是增强健康和技能的一种方式。它与舞蹈的长期联系赋予了丰富的艺术品质. --[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1. Wushu in Chinese 武 has two parts. The first part 止 which means stop and second part 戈 means weapon. When put together the term symbolizes the idea of using military power to subdue violent disorder. By promoting peace, Chinese martial arts serve and protect while avoiding conflict.
2. Qigong can be described as a mind-body-spirit practice that improves one's mental and physical health by integrating posture, movement, breathing technique, self-massage, sound, and focused intent.
3. Many Japanese judo wrestlers in Shanghai grudged Huo Yuanjia his name and success. They arranged competitions between Huo and some of the best judo athletes from Japan. However, all of them were defeated by this Chinese wushu master.

1.武术Wu有两个部分. 第一部分止是指停止，第二部分是指武器. 放在一起使用时，该术语表示使用军事力量制服暴力疾病的想法。通过促进和平，中国武术在避免冲突的同时提供和保护.
2.气功可以说是一种身心合体的练习，通过整合姿势，运动，呼吸技巧，自我按摩，声音和集中注意力来改善人的身心健康.
3.在上海的许多日本柔道摔跤手都对霍元嘉的名字和成功表示了不满. 他们安排了Huo和一些日本最好的柔道运动员之间的比. 然而，他们全部被这位中国武术大师击败.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 18:04, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1. 少林武功是中国武术最具代表性，最具权威性，又最具神秘感的中国武功流派，它无疑已成为中国武术的主流学派。

Shaolin Kung Fu is the most representative, authoritative and mysterious school of Chinese martial arts. It has undoubtedly become the mainstream school of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Shaolin Kung Fu is the most representative and authoritative school of Chinese martial arts with mystery. Undoubtedly, it has become the mainstream school of Chinese martial arts.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:26, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功之兴于中国，由来尚矣。其于保健强身及防病治病，功亦伟矣。然学术界中，议论纷纷，褒贬不一。

With a long history, Qigong originated from China. It contributes to health care and disease prevention and treatment. However, in the academic circles, there are many comments on it, including both praise and criticism.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:37, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.周杰伦作为中国歌坛流行天王，几乎每一首歌都受到热捧。其中《霍元甲》这首歌，更是因为旋律动人，歌词出彩，传唱度极高。

As the king of pop music in China, almost every song of Jay Chou makes a hit，among which "Huo Yuanjia" is widely sung owing to its moving melody and excellent lyrics.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:37, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==

1.中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术对修习者带来"消停侵袭"所达到的高度安全的核心价值，导致对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。
China’s Wu Shu can be dated back to 4200 years ago. But laymen are limited in defining it as ornamental and competitive sports and ignore the core value that it can bring practitioner high safety from “preventing attack”, which adds to their misunderstandings of China’s Wu Shu. It can thus bring negative influence to the practice and spread of Wu Shu.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功养生，就是通过有意识的自我身心调整，来达到养生保健、防病治病的锻炼方法。在学习气功养生前，首先要了解和掌握一下气功养生有哪些禁忌，以便日后练习中达到事半功倍的效果。
Health-keeping Qigong is an exercise that helps maintain health and prevent diseases through conscious mental adjustments. Before learning it, one has to know and grasp taboos in health-keeping Qigong so that achievements can be gained with only half work done.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲生在一个迷踪拳的世家。父亲霍恩第以保镖为业，因霍恩第的迷踪拳出神入化，所以很多大商人都求他保镖，霍恩第只镖穷苦百姓、清白之人，对贪官污吏决不保镖。
Huo Yuanjia was born in a family that had the tradition of practicing Mizong strike. His father Huo Endi worked as a bodyguard. As he was excellent in playing Mizong strike, many businessmen asked him to be their bodyguard. However, Huo Endi only protected the poor and the innocent but not corrupt officials.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:09, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

1.武术最初作为军事训练手段, 与古代军事斗争紧密相连，其技击的特性是显而易见的。在实用中，其目的在于杀伤、制限对方，它常常以最有效的技击方法，迫使对方失去反抗能力。这些技击术至今仍在军队、公安中被采用。

Wushu was originally used as a means of military training and was closely related to ancient military combat. Its martial arts characteristics are obvious. In practice, its purpose is to kill and restrict the opponent, and it often uses the most effective combat methods to force the opponent to lose the ability to resist. These martial arts are still used in the army and police.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.直到"文革"结束之后，气功事业发生了空前的变化，正道功派发展成为一门独特的科学。大家都懂得"气功"并非玄虚之事，而是一门特殊的学问，"气功"成了关于人们身心健康的一门特殊学问的代名词了。

Until the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the cause of Qigong has undergone unprecedented changes, and the Zhengdao Gong school has developed into a unique science. Everyone knows that "Qigong" is not a mystery, but a special knowledge, a synonymy to people's physical and mental health.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage to "strengthen the country with military force". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally visited the conference and inscribed the four characters "尚武精神" （Spirit of Martial Arts） to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 13:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

1.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、佛家的思想。中国武术源远流长、门派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。

Chinese Kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defense in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese Kung fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both — the mean and harmony and — cultivating qi(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and it emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It’s contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功作为中医学的一个分支，在理论上主要以中医理论为基础，在创编功法和气功锻炼中也应用阴阳、五行、脏腑、经络、精气神等学说作指导；对气功锻炼产生的效应及气功作用机制等认识，到目前为止，也主要以中医理论来阐述。当然，由于自古以来，气功实践不只为医家独有，儒、道、佛、武等各家在各自不同的实践中，分别对气功形成了自己的认识，也构成了气功理论的一部分。

Qigong, as a branch of traditional Chinese medicine, is mainly based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. It is also guided by the theories of yin-yang, five elements, zang-fu organs, meridians and collaterals, and spirit of Qi. Up to now, the effect and mechanism of Qigong exercise are mainly expounded by TCM theory. Of course, since ancient times, Qigong practice is not only unique to doctors, confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, martial arts and other schools in their different practices respectively formed their own understanding, but also constitute a part of the Qigong theory.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在天津卫，有一位著名的爱国武术家，他就是霍元甲。霍元甲武艺出众，行侠仗义，继承家传“迷踪拳”绝技，并加以发展改进，使祖传拳艺达到了新的高峰,这一拳法现已成为中华传统武术文化的组成部分。为了振奋中华，增强民族自信心，霍元甲击退了英俄大力士，摘掉了当时中国人“东亚病夫”的帽子，他的举动鼓舞人心，国内外同胞对他都十分软佩。

In Tianjin, there was a famous patriotic martial artist named Huo Yuanjia. Huo Yuanjia’s outstanding martial arts, chivalrous, inherited the family “lost track boxing” stunt, and to develop and improve, so that the ancestral martial arts reached a new peak, this boxing has now become a part of traditional Chinese martial arts culture. In order to boost China’s national self-confidence, Huo Yuanjia defeated British and Russian strongmen, took off the “Sick man of Asia” of the Chinese people at that time, his move inspired people at home and abroad, he is very soft admiration.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 03:56, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.少林拳发展到近现代，运动特点表现为禅拳一体、神形一片，硬打快攻、齐进齐退。

Shaolin boxing in modern times is characterized by the integration of the spirit and form of Zen boxing, hard hitting and fast attacking, and advancing and retreating together.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.练功时，以坐势为主，立势为辅，坐即盘腿而坐，单盘，双盘，任其自便。身体平正，目视东方周身放松。心平气和，精神集中双手互握轻轻放在腿根或腹前。

When practicing Qigong, the sitting posture is the mainstay, supplemented by the standing posture. Sitting is sitting with legs crossed, one leg crossed or both, as you like. The body is flat and relaxed with the eyes looking east. The mind is calm and concentrated, and the hands are gently placed on the roots of the legs or in front of the abdomen.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 精武以体，智，德三星会旗和三星会徽为标记，代表精武以体，智，德三育为宗旨，倡导和发扬爱国，修身，正义和助人的精武精神。

The flag and emblem of the three stars represent the Jingwu spirit of patriotism, self-cultivation, justice and helping others.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 01:11, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==

1.武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身.

Wushu is a highly self-protection technology to stop being attacked. On the basis of solving the security problems, it can train our minds to improve the adaptability. Easily operative and convenient,it can easily enhance people's mental and physical quality, defend yourself and keep you fit. --[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:09, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功的好处除了保健作用外，也有治疗疾病的作用。如果病人选择气功作为辅助疗法，那么应根据不同的疾病选择不同的气功。如胃溃疡胃病患者可练习内养功;肿瘤患者可选择行步功或郭林新气功、自控气功等;高血压、神经衰弱及疼痛病人可选择放松功。

Qigong has the benefits of health care and treatment of diseases. If patients choose Qigong as auxiliary therapy, they should choose different kinds of Qigong according to different diseases. For example, patients with gastric ulcer and stomach disease can choose internal nourishing work; cancer patients walking exercise or Guo Linxin Qigong and self-control Qigong; patients with hypertension, neurasthenia and pain relaxation exercise.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:10, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在国人的印象中，北有霍元甲，南有黄飞鸿，南北双侠都是中国武林有史可查的大英雄。霍元甲拳打西洋力士、脚踢东洋武士；黄飞鸿虎鹤双形名扬武林，威震香江。

In Chinese people’s minds, there was Huo Yuanjia in the North, Huang Feihong in the South, both of whom were great heroes in the history of Chinese martial arts. Huo Yuanjia punched Western warriors and kicked Japanese warriors; Huang Feihong, was greatly well-known and deterrent in the Wushu circle and Xiangjiang region with his unique skill of Tiger and Crane .--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:09, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==
1. 2020年1月8日，在瑞士洛桑举行的国际奥委会执委会会议通过了武术列入第四届青年奥林匹克运动会正式比赛项目的申请，这是武术首次成为奥林匹克系列运动会正式比赛项目。

On January 8, 2020, the application of martial arts to be included in the official event of the Fourth Youth Olympic Games. has been approved in the International Olympic Committee Executive Committee Cinference in Lausanne, Switzerland. And this is the first time that martial arts has become an official event of the Olympic series.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

On January 8, 2020, the application of martial arts to be included in the official event of the Fourth Youth Olympic Games. has been approved in the International Olympic Committee Executive Committee Cinference in Lausanne, Switzerland，which is the first time that martial arts has become an official event of the Olympic series.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务。

There are a vast array of ancient Qigong documents in my country, and there are a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Confucian medicine, and medical secretaries. Digging and settling is an important and arduous task.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

There are a vast variety of ancient Qigong documents in ancient Chinese,and a large number of qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Confucian medicine, and medical secretaries. Digging and settling these docements is an important and arduous task.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼，敬献了“成仁取义”挽联，安葬于上海北郊。

After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for him, and presented the elegiac couplet of "sacrificed live for justice". He was buried in the northern suburbs of Shanghai.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 02:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for him, and presented the elegiac couplet of "sacrificed live for justice". Huo was buried in the northern suburbs of Shanghai.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 13:15, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

Chinese martial arts, which have been handed down with the Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, are an essential and inseparable part of the Chinese culture . It will lead the Chinese people with Chinese culture to be the guide of the world to a highly civilized coexistence of spirit and material. In addition, it is one of the indispensable core elements of China’ s rise and governance by culture and civilization.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功养生，就是通过有意识的自我身心调整，来达到养生保健、防病治病的锻炼方法。在学习气功养生前，首先要了解和掌握一下气功养生有哪些禁忌，以便日后练习中达到事半功倍的效果。

Qigong can preserve one’s health. Consciously adjusting one’s body and mind is the way to keep health, prevent and treat diseases. Before learning Qigong to keep health, one should learn and master the taboo of it so as to yield twice the result with half the effort in the future practice.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Health-keeping Qigong is an exercise that helps adjust one’s body and mind to keep health, prevent and treat diseases. Before learning it, one should learn and master the taboo of it so as to yield twice the result with half the effort done.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 12:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲幼年体弱，父亲霍恩第不让他习武，担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声，拒不授艺于他。但元甲志存高远，偷艺于父传兄弟之机。

As Huo Yuanjia（1868-1910）was weak in his childhood, his father, Huo Endi didn’t allow him to learn Martial art. He also worried that Yuanjia would humiliate the reputation of Huo family after his learning of Martial art, so he refused to teach him. But Yuanjia had high aspiration so that he learned secretly while his father was teaching his brothers.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 08:22, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.武指军事或武术，术指艺术。武术运动是从20世纪40年代中国武术发展起来的，目的是规范传统武术。

1.Wushu actually means martial arts in Chinese: Wu means military or martial, and Shu means art. The sport of wushu was developed from Chinese martial arts in the 1940’s. The goal was to standardize the practice of traditional martial arts.

2.传统中医理论描述了特殊的穴位，或指穴位，它们位于体内的经脉上。据信，在人体内的经脉（这些经脉并不真实存在）里流动着一股能量——一种叫做“气”的生命力。

2.Traditional Chinese medical theory describes special acupoints, or acupressure points, that lie along meridians, or channels, in your body. It is believed that through these invisible channels flows vital energy -- or a life force called qi (chi).

3.霍元甲（1868年1月18日－1910年9月14日），清末著名爱国武术家，字俊卿，生于天津静海县。霍元甲出身镖师家庭，继承家传“秘宗拳”绝技。

3.Huo Yuanjia(1868.1.18-1910.9.14),whose name is junqin,was a famous martial arts master and patriots in the late Qing dynasty.Born in a guard family in jinghai, Tianjin,he was the heir of "mizongquan" (the secert of punch).--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 05:59, 28 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

3.Huo Yuanjia(1868.1.18-1910.9.14),whose courtesy name is junqin,was a famous martial arts master and patriots in the late Qing dynasty.Born in a guard family in jinghai, Tianjin,he was the heir of "mizongquan" (the secert of punch).--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:51, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

1.中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。它将引导我族携中国文化带领世界人民走向精神与物质并存的高度文明，是我国以文化崛起、文明治国不可或缺的核心元素之一。

1.Chinese Wushu, which has been handed down for more than 4000 years with Chinese civilization, is an important part of Chinese culture, which can not be separated. It will guide our nation to carry Chinese culture and lead the people of the world to a high degree of civilization where spirit and material coexist. It is one of the essential core elements for China's cultural rise and civilized governance.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.气功在保健方面有独特的功效。他是建立在整体生命观理论基础上，通过主动的内向性运用意识活动的锻炼，改造、完美、提高人体的生命功能，把自然的本能变为自觉智能的实践。

2.Qigong has a unique effect on health care. It is based on the overall theory of life, through the active internality of the use of conscious exercise, to transform, perfect, improve the life function of the human body, the nature of the instinct into conscious intelligence practice.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.Qigong has a unique effect on health care. It is based on the overall theory of life. Through the active internality, it uses conscious exercise to transform, perfect, improve the life function of the human body and transfer the nature of the instinct into conscious intelligence practice.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 04:44, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.两次打擂霍元甲都不战而胜，人们其实佩服的是霍元甲的精神和勇气，在别人都不敢站出来的时候他站了出来，这种精神是不死的。

3.Huo Yuanjia won the two fights without a fight. What people actually admire is Huo Yuanjia's spirit and courage. He stood up when others were afraid to stand up. This spirit is immortal.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 12:08, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

In both attempts, Huo Yuanjia won without a fight. In fact, what people admire most is his spirit and courage. He stood up bravely when others were afraid of failure, and it is an immortal spirit. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:20, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1. 功夫，是在中国清末出现的、关于“武术”的别称，主要体现在个人在武术上的应用和造诣。杀伤性强，观赏性较之武术略显不足。

Kung Fu, a nickname for "martial arts" that appeared in late Qing China, is a term used to describe an individual's application and attainment in martial arts. It is highly lethal and slightly less ornamental than martial arts.

Kung fu, as known as "martial arts", which appeared in the late Qing dynasty of China, mainly to show one's application and talent on Kung fu. It has strong lethality, but slightly less ornamental than martial arts.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。

With the development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to understand Qigong, which will deepen our understanding of qigong's essence.

With the further development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to learn about Qigong, and it will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.

3.有传说霍元甲被日本人下毒药害死之后，他的爱徒陈真替他报仇。这个传说在1972年首次被搬上大银幕（电影《精武门》）。但其实历史上并没有“陈真”这个人物，“陈真”是艺术家们根据刘振声的若干事迹塑造出来的，目的是为了让电影情节更好看。

Legend has it that after Huo Yuanjia was killed by poison from the Japanese, then his beloved disciple Chen Zhen avenged his death. This legend was first brought to the big screen in 1972 (the movie "Jing Wu Men"). However, there is no "Chen Zhen" in history, but rather he was created by artists based on some of Liu Zhensheng's deeds in order to make the plot of the movie more exciting.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

According to the tale, after Huo Yuanjia was murdered by Japanese poison medicine, ChenZhen, his beloved disciple, avenged for him. And this tale was firstly moved to the big screen in 1972. (the movie "Fist of Fury"). However there is no such a person in history actually, Chenzhen is a virtual character wrote in terms of some stories of Liu Zhensheng by artists, thus to make the movie's plots more vivid.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:01, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xie Fan 解帆==

1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术,拥有消停战事、维护和平的实力,是我族历代沉淀而成、安魂守魄的法宝。

Wushu is a technology inherited from ancient military war. It enables one to stop wars and maintain peace. Therefore, it is a magic weapon for our nation to settle down and keep soul.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是以呼吸的调整、身体活动的调整和意识的调整为手段，以强身健体、防病治病、健身延年、开发潜能为目的的一种身心锻炼方法。

Qigong is a kind of physical and mental exercise method with the purpose of strengthening the body, preventing and treating diseases, extending the life span and developing the potential by means of adjusting the breath, physical activity and consciousness.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country with wushu".On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the conference and inscribed four Chinese characters which means Warrior Spirit in honor of Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 05:04, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.武术是一种哲学。在汉字里，武是由止和戈两个字组合成的，止戈为武，因此武术蕴含着终止战争的意思，是一种停止战斗的艺术，而非发起战斗的技术。

Kung Fu, formally called martial arts, is a philosophy. In Chinese character, martial is composed of two words meaning stop and weapon. Therefore Kung Fu contains the meaning of termination of war. It stops fighting rather than starts fighting.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Martial arts is a kind of philosophy. In Chinese character, Wu is composed of two words which means stop and weapon respectively. Therefore, martial arts contains the meaning of termination of war. It is a technique that stops a fighting rather than starts a fighting.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.疫情期间，很多人都注意到了包括健身气功在内的中国传统功法在增强抵抗力、防病治病方面的积极作用，健身气功广为流行。

During the epidemic, many people have noticed the benefits of traditional Chinese exercises such as Health Qigong, which has gained popularity for it can help to strengthen resistance and prevent and treat diseases.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

During the outbreak of the epidemic, many people have noticed the positive roles that traditional Chinese exercises play such as Health Qigong which has gain a great popularity for it helps to strengthen resistence,and prevent and treat diseases.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武术保国”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen thought highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to defend the country with martial arts. To commemorate him, Sun attend the celebration for the 10th anniversary of the Jingwu Association 's establishment and wrote four character"Shang Wu Jing Shen", which means paying tribute to warrior spirit.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:49, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Sun Yat-sen thought highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "defend the country with martial arts“. To commemorate him, Sun attended the celebration for the 10th anniversary of the Chin Woo Federation's establishment and wrote four characters "Shang Wu Jing Shen", which means paying tribute to militarism.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 09:49, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jing 许静==

1. 先是从捕猎和战斗中被创造出来，接着到冷兵器时期具备了不俗的技击属性，再到后来为了便于武术的流传和官方的管理开始逐渐出现武术套路......中国武术伴随着中国历史和文明发展，流传了几千年。

It was first created from hunting and fighting, then during the Cold War it developed its remarkable striking properties, and then martial arts routines gradually appeared in order to facilitate the spread and official management of the martial arts...... The Chinese martial arts have accompanied the development of Chinese history and civilisation for thousands of years.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 今天人们所说的“气功”，内容非常宽泛，不仅包括古代的行气、导引，还附会易理，掺杂数术，融合医、儒、释、道，旁涉武术技击和幻化之术，连国外的同类也包括在内，比如印度瑜伽，甚至还吸收了现代科学的概念和术语，比如“场”“能量”“分子结构”等，可谓芜杂，金子都被沙子掩盖了。再加上有一些人浑水摸鱼，自封大师，招摇撞骗，败坏了气功的声誉。

What people today call "qigong" is very broad in scope, including not only the ancient methods of qi movement and guidance, but also Yi Li, mixed with mathematical techniques, and a mixture of medicine, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, as well as martial arts techniques and illusions. Moreover, some foreign counterparts, such as Indian yoga, and modern scienctic terms, such as "fields", "energies", "molecular structures", etc., are also included, which can be described as a mishmash, with the gold being covered up by the sand. Besides, some people who fish in troubled waters, appoint themselves masters, and beckon and deceive, ruin the reputation of qigong as well.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. “据老人们传说，霍元甲少年时期身体较弱，父亲霍恩第就害怕他练武不成，反倒坏了霍家‘迷踪拳’的名声，所以不允许他习武。”

"According to old stories, when Huo Yuanjia was young, his weak constitution prevented him from being allowed to learn martial arts, for his father, Huo Endi, feared that he would ruin the Huo family's reputation of a 'elusive punch'."--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 12:25, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 中国武术，有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国劳动人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。

Chinese Wushu, with a long history dating back to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, have an extremely broad mass base. It is an invaluable cultural heritage that has been accumulated and enriched by Chinese working people in their long-term social practice.

Chinese martial art, with a long history which can be traced as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, has an extremely broad mass base. It is a precious cultural heritage which has been accumulated and enriched by the Chinese working people in their long-term social practice.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 15:25, 24 November 2020 (UTC)

The time-honored Chinese Wushu, a precious cultural heritage constantly accumulated and enriched during Chinese labor people's long-term social practices, which can be dated back to Shang and Zhou Dynasties, boasts supremely wide mass basis. --[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:34, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

If we look at it from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a kind of behavioral therapy for learning and training a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, eventually fixing it in a reflexive manner.

If it is viewed from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a reflexive way.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 01:11, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 综合以上，关于霍元甲死亡的说法现今主要有两种，一种是被日本人毒死，还有一种就是少年练气功致病，死于自身病症。

To summarize, there are two main theories about Huo Yuanjia’ s death. One is that he was poisoned by the Japanese, and the other is that he died of his own illness, caused by practicing qigong when he was young.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 07:16, 24 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

To sum up, there are two main claims about the death of Huo Yuanjia, one is poisoned by the Japanese, and the other is that young people practice Qigong to cause disease, death from their own diseases.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.武术，制止侵袭、停止战斗的技术。拥有消停战事、维护和平的实力，通过武化流传，是物质文明的保障和导向。
Martial arts, the art of stopping aggression or fighting. It is the guarantee and guidance of material civilization to have the strength to stop wars and maintain peace and spread through military civilization.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial arts has the power to stop aggression and maintain peace. Its spread provides guarantees and guide for the material civilisation.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 13:04, 29 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2.中国气功强调天人合一，人和自然界有着密切不可分割的联系，人的机体受到气候、环境等因素的影响。中国气功重视人与自然界的动态适应。
Chinese Qigong emphasizes the unity of individual and nature. Individual and nature have a close and inseparable relationship. Human organism is affected by climate, environment and other factors. Chinese Qigong attaches importance to the dynamic adaptation between human and nature.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山先生对霍元甲将迷踪拳公之于世的高风亮节非常赞许，亲笔写下了“尚武精神”四个大字，赠送给精武体育会。
Sun Yat-sen expressed his approval to the world that Huo Yuanjia had unveiled his fan boxing to the public. He wrote down in his handwriting the four-character "Martial Spirit" and presented it to the Jingwu Sports Association.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:47, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
1.穷文富武，真正传统武术家都和宗教、帮会、官僚、商人有着密切关系。一九四九年以后历次政治运动，很多武术家被作为反革命、牛鬼蛇神、封建会道门]成员镇压迫害下放逐，境遇非常悲惨。

Poor and rich, the real traditional martial artists and religion, gangs, bureaucrats, businessmen have a close relationship.In all political movements since 1949, many martial artists have been subjected to oppression and devolution as counter-revolutionaries, ghosts and monsters, and members of the feudal society.

Poor people learn arts while affluent people learn martial arts. The real traditional martial artists have a close relationship with religion, gangs, bureaucrats and businessmen.In all political movements since 1949, many martial artists have been subjected to oppression and devolution as counter-revolutionaries, ghosts and monsters, and members of the feudal society.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:03, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功本分两类，一类是静立、静坐、静卧，使精神集中，并用特殊的方式进行呼吸，促进循、消化等系统的机能。另一类是用柔和的运动操、按摩等方法，坚持经常锻炼，以增强体制。
Qigong is divided into two categories: standing still, sitting still and lying still, concentrating the mind, breathing in special ways, promoting the functions of the following systems, such as digestion and so on.The other is to use gentle exercise, massage and other methods, adhere to regular exercise, to enhance the system.

There are two types of Qigong. One is standing still, sitting still and lying still, which can help to concentrate on the mind and to promote the functions of circulation and digestion system by breathing in a special way. The other is to use some methods like soft exercise, massage etc.and adhere to regular exercise to strengthen the system.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 12:01, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲幼时体弱多病。其父霍恩第是名显一时的秘宗拳师。他担心元甲习武日后有损霍家名声，拒不授艺于他。但元甲志存高远，他日日留心，处处参察，偷艺于父传兄弟之机。
Huo yuanjia is weak and sickly when young.His father, Horndie, was a one-time secret boxer.He feared that Yuan Jia's martial arts would harm his family's reputation and refused to teach him.But Yuan Jia's aim is high, and he keeps an eye on it every day.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 09:09, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was weak and sickly when he was young. His father, hohendi ,a famous secret boxer, was afraid that Yuanjia would damage the reputation of Huo family and refused to teach him martial arts. However, having set his aims high. Yuanjia paid close attention to martial art day by day and seized the opportunity to learn it when his father was passing on martial atr to his brother.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 12:01, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、武术不仅以外在的形体美著称，如架势，动作以及技巧，而且其内在美更为独特，被称为“生活之本，力量之源”。武术的本质是阴阳学说、五行学说和八卦理论

Wushu is characterized not only by exterior beauty, found in postures, movements and techniques, but also deep interior beauty, emphasizing “ life essence, vital energy and spirit.” The essence of Wushu rests on the theories of Yin and Yang, the five elements and eight diagrams.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2、气功是源于中国的一种自我身心锻炼的方法，尽管气功功法种类很多，但是强调放松入静是共同的。气功是中华民族文化的瑰宝，是孕育中华文化人文精神一颗明珠，是传承中国传统文化的重要形式。

Qigong, originating from China, is a self-training approach of the body and mind. Although there are varieties of qigong exercises, it is common to emphasize relaxation and meditation. Qigong is the gem of Chinese culture , a bright pearl which gives birth to the humane spirits of Chinese culture, and an important form which inherits our traditional culture.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3、霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家，他的武艺出众，继承家传“迷踪拳”绝技。他的一生虽然短暂，但却轰轰烈烈，充满传奇色彩。

Huo Yuanjia is a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty. His skill in martial arts is outstanding and he inherits his family’ s unique skill“Mi Zong Boxing”. His whole life is brief, but magnificent and victorious, be full of legend color.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:35, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
中国武术，伴随中华文明4000多年流传至今，是捍卫我族文明迄今屹立不倒的、重要的文化组成部分，不可割裂。
Chinese martial arts, which has passed on with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, is an important cultural component that has stood up to defend our civilization and cannot be separated.

Chinese martial art, which has passed on with Chinese civilization for more than 4,000 years, is an important cultural component that has stood up to defend our civilization and cannot be separated.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。
From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, qigong exercise is a behavioral therapy that trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned way.

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health and is finally fixed in a conditional reflex way.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:21, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲的品牌在上海滩立足后，同盟会再接再厉，于1909年当年就开始在闸北的王家宅筹备 “精武体操会”.
After Huo Yuanjia’s brand gained a foothold in Shanghai, Tongmenghui continued its efforts. In 1909, it began preparations for the "Martial Arts Gymnastics Club" at Wangjiazhai in Zhabei.

----
==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
武术的创立与发展主要是为了自卫和生存，打猎及军事训练的需要。
Chinese martial art has been created and developed mainly for self-defense and survival, hunting and military training.
中国武术流派众多，通常有以下三种分类的方法：南派与北派，外功与内功，少林、武当、峨眉派。
It has great variety of sects. Generally it can be classified as Southern and Northern Sects, Internal and External Sects, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei Sects.
孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念
Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage to "strengthen the country with military force". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally visited the conference and inscribed the four characters "Shangwu Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 01:47, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.中国武术是一种中国特色的文化。当然，它首先应该是一种格斗术。武术起源和流传的意义都在于它的格斗价值，但与拳击不一样，它除了格斗部分外还融入了医学与哲学的成分。

Chinese Wushu is a culture with Chinese characteristics. Of course, it should be a fighting art in the first place. The origin and the point of spreading martial arts lie in its fighting value, but unlike boxing, it also integrates itself with medical and philosophical elements in addition to the fighting part.

2.如果从心理生理学过程看的话，可将气功定义为: 主要是通过使用自我暗示为手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理-生理-形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的方法。

From the perspective of the psychophysiological process, Qigong can be defined as a method that mainly uses self-suggestion to promote consciousness into a self-hypnosis state, and adjusts the balance between mind and body through the self-adjustment mechanism of psychology-physiology-form, so as to achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.

From the perspective of the psychophysiological process, qigong can be defined as: mainly through the use of self-suggestion as a means to promote consciousness into a state of self-hypnosis, through the psychological-physiological-morphological self-regulation mechanism to adjust the balance of mind and body, and achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 15:59, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotic people have come to visit and paid their respects, reviewing the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:14, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotic people have come to visit and shown their respects, to review the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:56, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.中国传统武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身，精进卓越，快乐通融。

Chinese traditional martial arts is a highly self-protection technology to stop the invasion. On the basis of solving the security problems, it can train our minds to adapt to the changes, which is easy to improve people's mental and physical quality, defend and keep fit, making great progress and beinh happy and flexible.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。气功主要是通过使用自我暗示为核心的手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理—生理—形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的的自我锻炼方法。

There are a lot of Qigong documents in ancient China, which are recorded in Taoism, Confucian and medical books. Qigong is a kind of self exercise method, which mainly uses self suggestion as the core to promote consciousness to enter into self hypnosis state, to adjust the balance of mind and body through the self regulating mechanism of psychology, physiology and morphology, so as to achieve the purpose of fitness and treatment.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat Sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia's courage of "protecting the country and strengthening the species by military means". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the meeting and inscribed the four characters "warrior spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:20, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

孙中山对霍元甲“以武保国强种”的胆识给予了很高的评价。在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

Sun Yat-sen gave a high praisel of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country and strengthen the nation by means of Chinese martial arts". He, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, personally attended the conference and inscribed "Warrior Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Sun Yat-sen highly praised Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country and strengthen the nation by means of Chinese martial arts". He, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, attended the conference in person and inscribed "Warrior Spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:59, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Sun Yat-sen spoke highly of Huo Yuanjia for his courage to "protect the country by means of Wu". On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Jingwu Association, he personally attended the conference and inscribed the four characters "Warrior spirit" to commemorate Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:17, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

如果从气功作用的心理生理学过程看的话，可将气功定义为：主要是通过使用自我暗示为核心的手段，促使意识进入到自我催眠状态，通过心理—生理—形态自调机制调整心身平衡，达到健身治病目的的自我锻炼方法。

In terms of the psychological and physiological process of Qigong, it can be defined as a self-exercise method that mainly utilizes self-suggestion as the kernel to promote consciousness into a self-hypnosis state, and adjusts the mind-body balance through the self-adjustment mechanism of psychology-physiology-shape, so as to keep fit and cure diseases.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

中国武术，以中国文化为基础的、停止战斗的技术。武术，使用打斗等手法、来达到停止战斗的目的、的技术。武，是停止战斗的技术，而并非发起战斗的技术。所以，但凡主动发起、挑衅起战斗的，都违背了武，是灭武的行为。

Chinese Wushu is a technique based on Chinese culture that stops fighting. Wushu uses techniques such as fighting to stop fighting. Wushu is the art of stopping combat, not starting it. Therefore, whoever initiates or provokes a battle violates the basic rules of Wushu, which disobeys Wushu.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 04:29, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。
Martial art is a technique inherited from the ancient military wars. Learning martial arts can not only build up our body, but also defend attacks from enemies.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。
With the development of science, we can use the relevant knowledge of modern science to know qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of it.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼。
After Huo Yuanjia’s death, the disciples of Chin Woo Federation and patriots from the circle of martial arts in Shanghai then held a grand funeral for him. After Huo Yuanjia's death, disciples of the Jingwu Club and patriots from the Shanghai martial arts circle held a grand funeral for Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:54, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

我们修习武术，是让我们从身到心、由魂而魄得到提升而充满安全感，精壮神足，具有安然自胜的实力。Learning and practicing martial arts is to improve and fulfill us with sense of security from exterior to interior, through which we can be energetic, so as to be comfort and composed.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、儒医书记中有大量气功文献记载
Files of qigong in ancient China are as vast as the open sea, in which have many recordings of qigong, including medical books of Taoism, and Confucianism.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲，清末著名爱国武术家，字俊卿，生于天津静海县。
Huo Yuanjia, a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty, with Junqing as his surname, was born in Jinghai county in Tianjin Province.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 12:52, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.中国武术不仅涵盖了西方体育的多种运动形式，而且，还拥有独特的东方传统运动形式、深邃的思想和厚重的文化。

Chinese martial arts not only covers a variety of sports forms of Western sports, but also has a unique oriental traditional sports form, profound thoughts and profound culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese martial arts not only encompasses many forms of Western sports, but also has a unique oriental tradition of sports, profound thoughts and a strong culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese martial arts contains many forms of Western sports, what's more, it has a unique oriental tradition sports form, profound thoughts as well as profound culture.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong exercise is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned reflex way.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

If we look at it from the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, qigong exercises are behavioral therapies for learning and training a virtuous behavior conducive to mental and physical health, and eventually fixing it in a reflexive manner.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, practicing Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior that is conducive to mental and physical health, and is finally fixed in a conditioned reflexive way.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:43, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

From the day it was built, tens of thousands of patriots have visited Huo Yuanjia's former residence to relive the legendary deeds and touching spirit of the patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:54, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, reliving the legendary deeds and moving spirit of the patriotic hero.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 10:05, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 武术是中国社会重要的集体记忆之一，在各种文学、电影、戏剧中经常出现，对中国社会有着深刻而无可取代的人文意义。

As one of the important collective memories in Chinese society, Wushu often appears in various literature, movies and dramas, and has profound and irreplaceable humanistic significance to Chinese society. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 气功强调天人合一，人和自然界有着密切不可分割的联系，人的机体受到气候、环境等因素的影响。

Qigong emphasizes that man is an integral part of nature. Man and nature are closely linked. Human body is affected by climate, environment and other factors. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 霍元甲逝世后，当时精武会弟子和上海武术界爱国人士为霍元甲举行了隆重葬礼，敬献了“成仁取义”挽联，安葬于上海北郊。

After Huo Yuanjia passed away, the disciples of Chinwoo and patriots of Shanghai Wushu circle held a grand funeral for him, presented the elegiac couplet of "die for a just cause", and buried him in the northern suburb of Shanghai. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:18, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==
武术气功霍元甲
中国的武术，是包括有着悠久的历史，最早可以追溯到商周时期，具有极广泛的群众基础。
Wu Shu,which can date back to the Shang and Zhou Dynisties, has a prfound history and widespread public recorgnition.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Wu Shu, with a profound history dating back to the Shang and Zhou Dynisties, has a widespread public recorgnition.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese martial arts, with a long history, which can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, is supported by a lot of people.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

气功是中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法，以呼吸作为手段。
Qigong(a system of deep breathing exercises), is a method to achieve fitness, health and illneses.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong(a system of deep breathing exercises), can help people get rid of illnesses to keep fitness and health.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong is a method of health care, recuperation, and elimination of disease in Chinese tradition, the method of which is to breathe.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

霍元甲是清朝末年的武术家。他年幼体弱，但志向高远。
Hu Yuanjia is a martial artist of China in the late Qing Dynasty, who was frail in health in his childhood but had high aspiration.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:56, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Hu Yuanjia, a martial artist of China in the late Qing Dynasty, owned high aspirationwas although was frail in his childhood.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:32, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia, a martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty, who was frail in his childhood, but had high aspirations.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. Wushu
相比于中国武术，“中国功夫”的称法更具有国际性，它甚至使英语世界为之创造了一个新词汇“Kongfu”。但是，中国功夫只是一种搏击术，而武术不是。武术蕴含着世界上独一无二的“武文化”，它是在中国历史和文化土壤中培育出来的中华之花。
Compared with Chinese martial arts, the term "Chinese Kung Fu" is more international. It even makes the English-speaking world create a new word "Kongfu". However, Chinese kung fu is only a kind of martial arts, while martial arts are not. Wushu contains a unique "martial arts culture" in the world. It is the flower of China cultivated in the soil of Chinese history and culture.

2. Qigong
我国古代气功文献资料浩如烟海，在道家、佛医、儒医、医家书记中有大量气功文献记载。挖掘整理工作，是一项既重要又艰巨的任务，它不仅要求研究者有较高的医学、气功学及古汉语、现代汉语等方面的知识，还须自身有较高的气功功底。
There are numerous Qigong documents in ancient China, and there are a large number of Qigong documents recorded in Taoism, Buddhist medicine, Confucian medicine and doctor secretaries. Digging and sorting out is an important and arduous task. It requires researchers not only to have higher knowledge of medicine, Qigong, ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and other aspects, but also to have higher Qigong skills.

3. Huo Yuanjia
霍元甲是清朝末年的一位武术大师，在国内外享有盛名。有人据此推想，霍元甲是被日本医生借给他看病之机毒死的。也有人认为真正导致霍元甲死亡的原因是肺病。1901年，霍元甲33岁。
Huo Yuanjia was a martial arts master in the late Qing Dynasty and enjoyed a great reputation at home and abroad. According to this, some people infer that Huo Yuanjia was poisoned by a Japanese doctor who lent him a chance to see a doctor. Some people also believe that the real cause of Huo Yuanjia's death is lung disease. In 1901, Huo Yuanjia was 33 years old.
--[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 14:48, 29 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.作为炎黄子孙的生存技能，中国传统武术伴随着中国历史与文明发展，走过了几千年的风雨历程，成为维系这个民族生存和发展的魂、和承载中华儿女基因构成的魄。

As the survival skills of Chinese people, with the development of Chinese history and civilization, traditional Chinese Wushu went through the trials and hardships for thousands of years. It became the spirit of maintaining the national subsistence and development as well as carrying the Chinese people’s genetic make-up.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

As the survival skills of Chinese people, traditional Chinese Wushu, with the development of Chinese history and civilization, has gone through the trials and hardships for thousands of years, becoming the spirit of maintaining the national subsistence and development as well as carrying the Chinese people’s genetic make-up.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.随着科学的向前发展，我们可以用现代科学的有关知识来认识气功，这将更加深化我们对气功实质的认识。

With the progressive development of science, we are able to make use of the modern scientific knowledge to recognize the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

With the development of science, we can make use of the modern scientific knowledge to recognize the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding to the essence of Qigong.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

With the advancement of science, we can give a full play to the role of relevant knowledge of modern science in understanding the Qigong, which will deepen our understanding of its essence.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:25, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.孙中山在精武会成立10周年之际，他亲临大会，题写了“尚武精神”四个大字，以示对霍元甲的纪念。

In the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Jingwu Society, Sun Yat-sen made a personal appearance at the event and inscribed four characters “Shang Wu Jing Shen” (encouragement of a military spirit), showing the honor to Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 06:48, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Jingwu Society, Sun Yat-sen made a personal appearance at the event and inscribed four characters “Shang Wu Jing Shen” (encouragement of a military spirit), showing the honor to Huo Yuanjia.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:52, 26 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体，亦可以防御敌人进攻。

Martial arts is an inherited technique in ancient military warfare. Practicing martial arts can strengthen the body, and can also defend against enemy attacks.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功是一种中国传统的保健、养生、祛病的方法。

Qigong is a traditional Chinese method of health care, health preservation, and disease healing.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲是清末著名爱国武术家，沧州十大武术名人之一。霍元甲喜行侠仗义，曾打败俄国大力士、英国大力士、日本柔道会，后霍元甲在上海创办中国精武体育会，掀起习武热潮。

Huo Yuanjia is a famous patriotic martial artist in the late Qing Dynasty and one of the top ten martial arts celebrities in Cangzhou. Huo Yuanjia was a knight of action, and once defeated Russian Hercules, British Hercules, and Japanese Judo Club. After that, Huo Yuanjia founded the Chinese Jingwu Sports Association in Shanghai, which set off a wave of martial arts.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 10:41, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1. 武术更应有着它的文化和智慧，有着它的精神内涵，这是一种道，包括儒家思想、道家精神、释家涵养等丰富内涵。

Martial arts should have its culture, wisdom and spiritual connotation, which is a kind of Tao, including Confucianism, Taoist spirit, Buddhist self-restraint and other rich connotations.

Martial arts should boast culture, wisdom and spirit of its own, which is a kind of Tao, including rich connotations like Confucianism, Taoist spirit, Buddhist self-restraint and so on.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 01:47, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
Matial arts should have its culture, wisdom and spiritual connotation, which is a kind of Tao, comprising Confucianism, Tao spirit, Buddihist self-restraint.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 03:43, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 如果从现代行为医学的角度看，气功锻炼是对一种有利于心身健康的良性行为进行学习训练，最终以条件反射方式固定下来的行为疗法。

From the perspective of modern behavioral medicine, Qigong is a behavioral therapy that learns and trains a benign behavior beneficial to mental and physical health and is finally fixed in condition reflex.

3. 坐落在天津市西青区小南河村，1986年天津市西青区人民政府整修了霍元甲故居、修建了霍元甲陵园，用以纪念这位名震中外的爱国武术家。

Located in Xiaonanhe Village, Xiqing District, Tianjin, the People's Government of Xiqing District of Tianjin renovated Huo Yuanjia's former residence and built Huo Yuanjia Cemetery in 1986 to commemorate this famous patriotic martial artist at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 15:27, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.武术，是修习一门制止侵袭的高度自保技术，它在切实解决安全问题的基础上，使我们的头脑得到应变能力的训练，简便易行、能够轻松提升人的精神和身体素质，防卫健身，精进卓越，快乐通融。

Martial art is a highly self-protective technique, which trains the ability to deal with emergencies based on practically solving security problems. It is convenient to act, easy to improve people’s mental and physical health, and beneficial to self defend and bodybuilding, diligent, outstanding, delighted and harmonious.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Martial art is a highly self-protective technique to stop invasions. It is based on the practical solution of safety problems, so that our minds can be trained in resilience. It is simple and easy to use, and easily improve people's mental and physical fitness with the features of fitness, diligence and excellence, happiness and harmony.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:34, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.蒋维乔、刘贵珍、王乡斋、周潜川、胡耀贞等一代气功先驱，从发挥气功的健身治病角度，采用通俗语言，简化功法程序，推广了气功。

Such generations of pioneers as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan and Hu Yaozhen have adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures and successfully promoted Qigong.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

A generation of qigong pioneers such as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan, Hu Yaozhen, etc., from the perspective of exerting qigong for fitness and treatment, adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures, and successfully promoted qigong.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:36, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

A generation of pioneers such as Jiang Weiqiao, Liu Guizhen, Wang Xiangzhai, Zhou Qianchuan and Hu Yaozhen, based on the goal of making Qigong play the role of keeping fit and curing diseases, adopted popular language, simplified exercise procedures and successfully promoted Qigong.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

3.二十世纪初开始不断被表述的霍元甲故事，既承接了长期以来社会心理对英雄的需要，也体现在近代西方文明的冲击下，国人对侠客的诉求出现新的变化。

At the beginning of 20th century, the stories of Huo Yuanjia started to be expressed constantly, which not only carried on the long-term needs of the social psychology to heroes, but also symbolized the new changes of demands to knife-errant. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:39, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia's story, which has been constantly told since the beginning of the twentieth century, has not only undertaken the long-term social psychological need for heroes, but also embodied in the impact of modern Western civilization, new changes in the Chinese people's demands for knights.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 09:33, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.武术具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产，是中国民族的优秀文化遗产之一。

Wushu has an extremely broad mass foundation, which is a precious cultural heritage that the Chinese people have accumulated and enriched in long-term social practice, as well as one of the outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Wushu has an extremely broad mass base, and is a valuable cultural heritage that has been accumulated and enriched by the Chinese people in their long-term social practice, and is one of the outstanding cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功作为中华古老文化中的一朵奇葩，对中华文化产生了深远的影响,它与古代的政治哲学思想、宗教医学观念和文学艺术思潮都有着密切的联系。

As a wonderful flower in the ancient Chinese culture, Qigong has had a profound impact on Chinese culture, closely relating to ancient political and philosophical thoughts, religious medical concepts, and literary and artistic trends of thought.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Qigong, as a wonderful flower in ancient Chinese culture, has had a profound impact on Chinese culture and is closely related to ancient political and philosophical thought, religious and medical concepts, and literary and artistic trends.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 09:14, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲天资聪颖，毅力惊人，功艺长足进步，在兄弟之中出类超群，并在24岁那年5分钟之内击败了一位打败了霍元甲的哥哥与弟弟的人。

Huo Yuanjia was a brilliant and resilient man who had made great strides in his skills,standing out among his brothers. and at the age of 24, he defeated a man who had defeated both his older and younger brothers in five minutes.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:51, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

Huo Yuanjia was a brilliant and resilient man who had made great strides in his skills,standing out among his brothers.He defeated a man who had defeated both his older and younger brothers in five minutes when he was 24 years old. --[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 11:49, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1. 中国武术，延衍流长，流传迄今可考证史实有4200年的中华文明史，文武相承相传。然当今武门外人对中国武术的理解，大部分局限在将武术定义为观赏性与竞技性范围内，而忽略武术对修习者带来“消停侵袭”所达到的高度安全的核心价值，导致对中国传统武术的误解，不利于真正中国武术的修习和传播。

Wushu in China has a long history and can be traced back to 4,200 years of Chinese civilization. However, nowadays, most laymen's understanding to wushu is limited to appreciation and competition, and they ignore the core value of eliminating invasion that wushu brings to the learners, which leads to the misunderstanding of traditional Chinese martial arts and is not conducive to the practice and dissemination of real Chinese martial arts.

2.气功就是通过特定的修炼方法使机体的组织、器官在功能上更佳有序化与协同化的生理变化过程。由于修炼的方法不同，所导致的生理变化也会不一样，这种不一样就是气功的生理效应。是通过心理活动使生物能对机体或事物产生作用。气功学即心理物理学。

Qigong is a physiological change process in which the tissues and organs of the body are better organized and coordinated in function through specific methods of training. Due to the different methods of practice, the physiological changes will be different, which is the physiological effects of Qigong. It is through psychological activities that biology can produce effects on the organism or things. Qigong is psychophysics.

3.精武会创办于1910年，初由：陈公哲，农劲荪，陈其美，陈铁生等倡导，是中国建立最早的体育团体。精武以体，智，德三星会旗和三星会徽为标记，代表精武以体，智，德三育为宗旨，倡导和发扬爱国，修身，正义和助人的精武精神，还订有包括人格，风度，言行，服务，友谊等行为规范。

Chin Woo Athletic Association was founded in 1910, initiated by Chen Gongzhe, Nong Jinsun, Chen Qimei and Chen Tiesheng. It is the earliest sports association in China. Jingwu is marked by the three-star flag and the three-star emblem of physical, intellectual and moral education, advocating the spirit of patriotism, self-cultivation, justice and helping others, as well as the code of conduct including personality, demeanor, words and deeds, service and friendship.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 12:15, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1.武术是古代军事战争一种传承的技术。习武可以强身健体,亦可以防御敌人进攻

Wushu is inherited from ancient military warfare. Martial arts can strengthen the body and defend against enemy attacks.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

2.从中医学角度定义气功:气功是调身、调息、调心三调合一的心身锻炼技能。

Defined from the perspective of Chinese medicine, Qigong is a kind of mental and physical exercise skill that combines body adjustment, breath adjustment and mind adjustment--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Since the memorial hall of Huo Yuanjia's former residence was built, tens of thousands of patriotics have come to visit and pay respects, to review the legendary deeds and moving spirit of Huo Yuanjia, a patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:57, 30 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

在中国武术界，有一个寺院极负盛名，这就是少林寺，在这个寺院产生的少林功夫，是中国宝贵的文化遗产。
there is a extremely famous monastery in the Chinese martial arts，which is the Shaolin Temple. The Shaolin Kungfu produced in this monastery is a precious cultural heritage of China.

五禽戏最初是东汉著名中医学家华佗根据虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟五种动物的动作和神态创编而成的中医保健气功。

Wu Qin Xi was originally a traditional Qigong created by the famous Chinese medicine expert Hua Tuo in the Eastern Han Dynasty based on the movements and expressions of five animals: tiger, deer, bear, ape and bird to keep health.

霍元甲、黄飞鸿和叶问是三位实有其人的武者,也是香港功夫片的著名角色。
Huo Yuanjia, Huang Feihong and Ye Wen are three real warriors, and they are also famous roles in Hong Kong kung fu movies.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 06:58, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.中国武术作为中华民族传统文化的一个有机组成部分和独特表现形式，一方面跟中国的古典哲学、政治伦理、军事思想、文化艺术、医学理论、社会习俗等等互相联系，相互作用，共同组成绚烂多姿的中国文化整体；另一方面则从一个侧面反映出整个中国文化的基本特征。

As an integral part of traditional Chinese culture and a unique form of expression, Chinese martial arts are interconnected with classical Chinese philosophy, political ethics, military ideology, culture and art, medical theory, social customs, and so on, to form a gorgeous and colorful Chinese cultural whole.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.气功还有助于免疫系统。研究表明，它能刺激白血球类型的形成，这对淋巴系统是有益的。淋巴系统又是强大免疫系统的重要组成部分，因为淋巴管是免疫系统的重要运输通道，也是病菌和毒素的过滤站。

Qigong also helps the immune system. Studies showed that it stimulates the formation of white blood cell types, which is beneficial for the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system, in turn, is an important component of a strong immune system, since the lymphatic vessels are key transport channels for the immune system, and filter stations for germs and toxins.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.霍元甲故居纪念馆从建成之日起已有数万的爱国人士前来参观瞻仰，重温霍元甲这位爱国英雄的传奇事迹和感人精神。

Tens of thousands of patriots have come to visit and admire the Huo Yuanjia's Former Residence Memorial Hall since it was completed, relive the legendary deeds and moving spirit of this patriotic hero.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 08:54, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.武术在其发生、发展的过程中，和中国历史上的哲学、政治、经济、军事、宗教、伦理道德、教育等许多方面都有密不可分的联系，具有浓厚的中华民族的色彩，是我国珍贵民族文化遗产的瑰宝。

In the process of its occurrence and development, Wushu is closely related to philosophy, politics, economy, military, religion, ethics, education and many other aspects in Chinese history. It has a strong Chinese national color and is a precious treasure in our national cultural heritage.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

In the course of its occurrence and development, martial art is closely related with the philosophy, politics, economy, military, religion, ethics, education and many other aspects of Chinese history, and is a precious treasure of national cultural heritages with a strong color of Chinese nation.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 03:54, 27 November 2020 (UTC)

2.移魂换体、灵魂出窍、身体变大变小，这些其实都是气功书里面常常提到的练功感受，也是练功不同层次的阶段性目标，但是却可以在实验室中可靠地复现。所以说，气功的本质很可能就是一种练功者对自己的大脑进行的神经系统实验。

Those, like moving the soul into another body, moving the soul out of the body, and getting body bigger or smaller, are actually the exercise experience often mentioned in qigong books, and are also the stage goals of different levels of exercise. But they can be reliably reproduced in the laboratory. Therefore, the essence of qigong is probably a kind of neurological experiment performed by practitioners in their own brains.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.霍元甲在药栈期间，因为力大无比，一直被身边的人称为霍力士，于是他结合特点，对燕青拳加以改进，使拳法中花哨的套路变得更加实用，但并未与人交手，直至其去世前，才与日本武士有过一次正式交手，并将其臂骨磕断，此后没过多久，霍元甲就与世长辞。

During his stay in the pharmacy, Huo Yuanjia was always called Huo Lishi(Lishi means a man of great strength.)by people around him because of his immense power, so he combined his characteristics and improved Yanqing pugilism to make its fancy routines more practical, but he hadn't used it to fight with others. It was not until his death that he had a formal fight with a Japanese samurai and broke samura's arm. And not long after that, Huo passed away.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 01:46, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.In 1986, the Chinese National Research Institute of Wushu was established as the central authority for the research and administration of Wushu activities in China.

1986年，中国国家武术研究所成立，作为中国武术活动研究和管理的中央机构。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Qigong is itself a well-researched practice as a single entity. China includes it in their medicine system alongside more modern approaches.

气功本身是一个经过精心研究的实践。中国将其与更现代的方法一起纳入其医学体系。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Huo Yuanjia (1868-1910) was born into a wushu master’s family in Dongguang County south of Tianjin.

霍元嘉（1868-1910）出生于天津以南的东莞县一个武术大师的家庭。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 18:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

File:Qigong Ngo Thi Minh Huong Rajabov Anushervon.docx

2020-11-30T04:24:18Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: NgoThiMinhHuong uploaded a new version of "File:Qigong Ngo Thi Minh Huong Rajabov Anushervon.docx"

File:Qigong Ngo Thi Minh Huong Rajabov Anushervon.docx

2020-11-30T04:22:07Z

NgoThiMinhHuong:

Chinese Languages and Cultures

2020-11-30T04:20:47Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Text B Qigong */

Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]

Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

=Organizational Things=
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
==Description of Homework==
===Regular students===
1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

===Website Admin student===
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).
===Online Survey students===
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

==Edits==
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
* Correct an earlier translation.
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

==Material==
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

=Schedule=
1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Peking Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Peking Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

==1st Session==
Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can '''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==2nd Session: Unit 1==
===Text A Geography===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Traditional Festivals===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Traditional Science===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

==='''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==3rd Session: Unit 2==
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

===Text B Calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==='''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]

===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...

==='''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==5th Session: Unit 4==
===Text A Tea===

Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Silk ===
吴琼张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]

===Text C Porcelain ===
Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Celadon ===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==='''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==

===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===

Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking ===

Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Two Famous Dishes ===
Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

===Text D Chopsticks ===

Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

==7th Session: Unit 6==

===Text A Painting ===

Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Seal-cutting ===

Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===

Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==='''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==8th Session: Unit 7==

===Text A Architecture ===

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Gardens ===

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C The Summer Palace ===

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==9th Session: Unit 8==

===Text A Classical Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Modern Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Contemporary Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by[[File:Handout-Contemporary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===

Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]

Handout by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]

==='''Homework from Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020), due for Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201116_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==10th Session: Unit 9==

===Text A Peking Opera ===

Presentation by [[Media:Beijing opera.pptx]]--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:14, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 甘奉玉 [[Media:Beijing Opera Hanout.ogg]]--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 15:53, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing or Peking?

From the English perspective, for some foreign names (city names, people‘s names etc.) there are English translations existing, e.g. for Roma it is „Rome“, for München it is Munich. Similarly, Beijing in English is Peking, Guangzhou Canton, Mao Zedong Mao Tse-tung etc. Also in Chinese, there are Chinese translations of foreign names, like Niuyue 纽约、Bali 巴黎 etc. Of course, in exceptional cases, e.g. if you want to say how Chinese people pronounce Peking („Beijing“) you may use the official Pinyin notation „Beijing“.

===Text B Mei Lanfang ===

Presentation by Zeng Liang[[Media:Mei Lanfang.pptx]]--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 06:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Chen Yongxiang [[Media:Mei Lanfang handout.docx]]--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Acrobatics ===

==='''Homework from Session 10 (Nov 23, 2020), due for Session 11 (Nov 30, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201123_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==11th Session: Unit 10==
Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong

===Text A Wushu ===

Presented by 张慧 [[Media:Chinese Martial Arts.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 07:58, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 赵晓燕,[[Media:Chinese martial arts.docx]]--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:04, 28 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:38, 28 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Qigong ===

Presented by Rajabov Anushervon [[Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.pptx]]--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 23:45, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Ngo Thi Minh Huong [[Media:Qigong_Ngo_Thi_Minh_Huong_and_Rajabov_Anushervon.docx]]

===Text C Huo Yuanjia ===

Presented by 欧阳玲 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia.pptx]]--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:04, 27 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

Handout by 周艺文 [[Media:Huo Yuanjia Handout.docx]]--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:13, 26 November 2020 (UTC)

==12th Session: Unit 11==
Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine 莫玲, B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

==13th Session: Unit 12==
Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity

==14th Session: Unit 13==
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

==15th Session: Unit 14==
Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

==16th Session: Unit 15==
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

=='''Final Exam paper - You can write it now and improve and correct it until grading on Dec 15, 2020'''==
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. Please also provide a Chinese translation of the text. You can '''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her final exam paper on that page.

File:Qigong Ngo Thi Minh Huong & Rajabov Anushervon.pptx

2020-11-30T04:07:40Z

NgoThiMinhHuong:

20201116 cult

2020-11-23T07:56:32Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

1.An all-round top-notch performer of Beijing Opera, for instance, must be good- looking or attractive when appearing in make-up, of pleasing physical proportions, with a pair of expressive eyes and a rich variety of facial expressions.

例如，京剧的一位顶级表演者在化妆时必须好看或有吸引力，具有令人愉悦的身体比例，一双富有表情的眼睛和丰富多样的面部表情。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

例如，一位多才多艺的一流京剧演员上妆后必须要好看或有吸引力，有漂亮的身材比例，一双有表现力的眼睛及丰富的面部表情。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. He was the first to change the tradition that female characters paid attention only to the art of singing or acrobatic skills.

他是第一个改变传统的女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧的传统。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他是第一个改变女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧这种传统的人。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中汲取了丰富的素材。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1 京剧以历史故事为主要演出内容，传统剧目约有一千三百多个，常演的在三四百个以上。

The main performance of Peking Opera is historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional repertoires, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of “Dan” in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

In his career of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of the Dan role in Peking Opera, forming a unique art school, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3 解放后，杂技艺术获得新生。杂技艺术从简单的技巧表演发展到有乐队、舞蹈、灯光等配合的综合艺术表演。

After liberation, acrobatics gained a new life. Acrobatics have developed from simple technical performances to comprehensive art performances with bands, dances, and lighting.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法，由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的模式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing Opera facial makeup is a kind of special makeup method with national characteristic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate style, like singing, playing music according to the music score, it is called “facial makeup in operas”. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅派最大的特点就是没有特点，抓住某一个特点很难抓，讲究的是范本之美，一招一式、一字一腔、发声运气都强调非常规范。

The main feature of the Mei Langfang school is featurelessness. It is quite difficult to capture one characteristic from the school as it focuses on the beauty of model. Every gesture and motion, word and tune, and the process of modulating air current to utter the sound all follows the requirements of the model. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 跟头本来是杂技技巧中重要一项，在清代戏曲中，它被戏曲表演所吸收化用在方方面面，故清末有所谓“京剧里的跟斗，杂技里的顶”的俗话。

Turning a somersaults is an important skill in acrobatics. During the Qing Dynasty, it was absorbed by opera and became a part of its performance. Therefore, there is an old saying in the late Qing Dynasty, "Where there is somersault in Beijing opera, there is handstand in acrobatics". --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.清初，京城戏曲舞台上盛行昆曲与京腔。乾隆中叶后，昆曲渐而衰落，京腔兴盛取代昆曲一统京城舞台。

During the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu opera and Beijing accent were frequently performed on the stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qing period, Kunqu opera gradually declined and was replaced by the Beijing accent, which started to prosper and dominate the Beijing stage.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera and Beijing accent prevailed on the opera stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qianlong period, Kunqu opera gradually declined, and the prosperity of Beijing accent replaced Kunqu opera to dominate the Beijing stage.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳苦涩地回忆着这几年的沧桑历程，心境忧闷地对朋友说：“一个演员正在表演力旺盛之际，因为抵抗恶劣的社会环境，而蓄须谢绝舞台演出，连嗓子都不敢吊，这种痛苦我无法用语言来形容。我之所以绘画，一半是为了维持生活，一半是借此消遣。否则，我真是要憋死了。”

Looking back the past bitter years, Mei Lanfang said to her friend in a depressing mood, "A singer was forced to step back from the stage due to the adverse social environment and was even afraid to do vioce exercises. This kind of sorrow was beyond words. I chose to draw both for livelihood and amusement, otherwise, I will suffer to death."

3.春秋战国时代很多杂技艺术的创造者是诸侯的门客和武士，他们以一技之长，投身公卿大夫，并不完全为了表演，但关键时候，却往往以其技辅助主人，创造出一些轰轰烈烈的事业。

A great number of creators of acrobatics during the Spring and Autumn(770-476 BC) and Warring States(475-221 BC) periods belong to hangers-on and men of great physical prowess of the feudal princes. They go and seek refuge with high-ranking officials in court by dint of their professional skill though not wholly for performing. However, they would always rely on this skill to assist their masters to achive a grand career.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. Some of the newer operas were adopted from literature and classical novels during the rise of communism.

在共产主义兴起期间，一些较新的歌剧被文学和古典小说所采用。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

共产主义崛起时期，一些新歌剧改编自文学和古典小说。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.At age 13 he joined the Xiliancheng Theatrical Company and, through performances in Shanghai and elsewhere, acquired a national reputation.

13岁那年，他加入了戏联城剧院公司，并通过在上海和其他地方的演出获得了全国声誉。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

13岁那年，他加入了“喜连成”戏剧班，在上海和全国各地进行演出，享誉全国。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The acrobats may perform scenes from popular legends, stories, or novels of the ancient past such as The Monkey King.

杂技演员可以表演诸如《孙悟空》之类的古代传说，故事或小说中的场景。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技演员可以表演诸如《美猴王》之类的民间传说、故事或古代小说中的场景。--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:45, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

1.京剧被视为中国的国剧，有着悠久的历史和完整的舞台表演体系。它最初是安徽省的一种地方剧。京剧吸收了其前身的各种元素，如唱歌、跳舞和杂技，并在语言和演唱风格上为北京观众做了调整。随着时间的推移，京剧在全国各地广受欢迎，成为中国舞台上最流行、影响力最大的戏剧形式。

Peking Opera is regarded as the national opera in China. It has a long history and a complete system of stage performance. It was originally a local drama in Anhui Province.Peking Opera absorbed various elements of its forerunner, such as singing，dancing and acrobatics，and adapted itself in language and style of singing for Beijing audiences. As time went by，it gained popularity all over the country and became the most popular and influential dramatic form on Chinese stage.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Meilanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue.

3.杂技是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。

Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensive use of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.
--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 05:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 京剧，曾称平剧，中国五大戏曲剧种之一。场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏。

Beijing Opera, once called pingju, is one of the five major operas in China.The scene layout pays attention to freehand brushwork, tone to xipi, erhuang mainly, with the accompaniment of huqin, gongs and drums.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳成功地进行了一系列京剧艺术的改革，为整个戏剧文化的改革发展提供了榜样，对今天戏剧文化的发展具有重要的提示意义。

Mei Lanfang successfully made a series of reformation of Beijing opera and made an example of the opera culture reformation, which laid an important influence on the today's opera culture.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang has successfully carried out a series of reforms of Beijing Opera art, which provids an example for the reform and development of the whole drama culture, and is of great significance to the development of drama culture today.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 吴桥县是中国杂技的发源地，其杂技历史悠久，表演艺术完善，为中外人士所熟知。据说，当地的人都或多或少地会表演杂技，不管他是99岁还是刚学会走路。

With a long acrobatics history and perfect performing arts, Wuqiao county is well known by Chinese people and foreigners as the birthplace of the famous Chinese acrobatics. It is said that the local people there are all able to perform acrobatics more or less, no matter he is just 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Wuqiao County is the origin of Chinese acrobatics, with long acrobatic history and perfect performing arts, known to Chinese and foreign people. It is said that locals can perform acrobatics more or less, whether he is 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1.2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

In May 2006, Beijing Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Then in 2010, it was included as representatives in the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his stage lifetime of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developd and improved the singing and performing arts of the role "Dan" in Beijing Opera, finally formed an art school with a unique style, whinch is known as "Mei" school.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2,000 years in China. It was called "baixi" in the Han Dynasty, "Sanle" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Later in the Tang and Song dynasties, it was called "Acrobatics" in order to distinguish from other songs, dances and zaju.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、京剧是融唱念做打于一体的戏剧表演形式，19世纪中期，孕育于民间，融合了中国南北方戏剧元素的京剧，在北京发展成熟，广泛流布于全国。

Beijing opera is a kind of opera performances which consists of singing, reading, doing and playing. Being conceived in Chinese folk and developing into maturity in Beijing, it integrated opera elements from north and south China and was spread widely across the country.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2、绘画大师刘海粟：“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。”

The drawing master Liu Haisu once said:”If drawing an analogy with painting, Mr Mei’s performance style should be a painting of heavy-colored peonies with ink-wash flowers and leaves, being free and easy amongst elegance, shading appropriate, and being showy but not vulgar. ”--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a long history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called “Bai Xi”(a general term for folk performing arts) in the Han dynasty and “San Yue”(a synonym of Bai Xi) in the Sui and Tang dynasties. It was not until the Tang and Song dynasties that we had the name “Za Ji”(Acrobatics) for it in order to distinguish it from songs and dances as well as other performing arts. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC) Gao Mingzhu

1. Beijing Opera is a theatrical performance form that combines singing, reading, doing and playing. In the mid-19th century, Beijing Opera, born from the folklore, which combined elements from the north and south of China, matured in Beijing and became widespread throughout the country.

2. Liu Haisu, a master painter said that Mr. Mei’ s performance, if compared to the painting, should be a heavy-colored peony flower with heavy brushwork, while the flowers and leaves are painted in ink, showing a free expression of grace and elegance, appropriate in intensity and lightness, bright but not vulgar.

3. The art of acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. In Han Dynasty, it was called “Baixi”; in Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called “Sanle”; after Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called acrobatics in order to distinguish it from other dances and operas.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:20, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Grosheva, Anna==

1.The traditional operas consist of main tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors and empresses, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties.

传统戏曲主要包括前朝的故事，重要的历史事件，皇帝和皇后，大臣和将军，天才和大人物。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Thereafter he did both stage and film work and served as director or member of several cultural organizations.

此后，他从事舞台和电影工作，并担任多个文化组织的导演或成员。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats intensively practice timing and coordination. The individual performers practice cooperating precisely.

中国杂技演员集中练习时间安排和协调。各个表演者练习精确合作。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员进行高强度练习，提高时机的把握技巧和协调能力。各个表演者加强训练，提高配合默契度。--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国，成为介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。在2010年11月16日，京剧被列入“世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录”

Peking Opera is distributed all over the world, mainly in Beijing , and has become an important medium for introducing and spreading Chinese traditional art and culture. On November 16, 2010, Peking Opera was inscribed on the "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the World".

2.梅兰芳的戏剧艺术并非完全没有现实主义的成分，它并不具有立体派绘画、抽象的阿拉伯装饰或几何舞蹈设计所具有的那种涵义。跟它确切相似的是中国绘画和雕刻。遗留在我们记忆里的是对他们的抽象画和装饰性的印象，但是我们往往对那种精确性感到惊讶，自然界，一片叶子，一束花朵，一只鸟，一只手，一件斗篷，都被观察得极为精确细致，同时我们也对它们那具有特征的细节所呈现的使人眼花缭乱的色彩缤纷标志感到惊奇。

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. Its exact resemblance is to Chinese painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprized at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed with great precision and detail, and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic detail!

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. It bears a close resemblance to Chinses painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprize at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic details.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:49, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Around the Neolithic period, acrobatics had already sprouted in China. The labor skills developed by primitive man in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical abilities created in self-defense were reproduced as a technical performance of self-entertaining games during rest and recreation, while expressing the joy of their hunt and victory, which led to the earliest acrobatic art.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.京剧是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服饰、脸谱等很受观众欢迎。精致的面部化妆和华丽的服饰是京剧的两大特色。不同的服装类型反映不同人物的身份特征。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate and gorgeous facial make-up and costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate facial make-up and gorgeous costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors is an important way to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2.梅兰芳出生于京剧世家，8岁开始学习表演艺术，10岁开始登台演出，在二十世纪初成为了超级明星，使花旦成为京剧中重要的角色。在其60年的戏剧生涯中，梅兰芳演出创作了200多部剧，在唱腔、台词、舞蹈、音乐、服饰、化妆等方面做出了贡献，逐渐形成了自己独特的风格，被称为“梅派”。

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to laern the performing art at eight,to make his debut at ten and become a super star in the early 20 centuries,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his unique style, the so called ‘Mei School’.

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to learn the performing art at eight and made his debut at ten, a super star in the early 20th century,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his own unique style, called ‘Mei School’. --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.中国杂技(acrobatics)有着悠久的历史和浓郁的民族特色。它是中国人最喜爱的艺术形式之一。杂技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它与人们的生产和日常生活有着密切的联系。表演的道具(props)包括碗、盘子和梯子等。在旧中国，因为被封建阶级(feudal class)瞧不起，杂技从未在剧场里表演过。自新中国成立以来，中国政府大力发展民族艺术，使杂技获得了新的生命。

The Chinese acrobatics has a long history and rich national flavor. It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms.It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms. Acrobatics combines strength and skill. It closely relates to people's production and daily life activities with props being bowls, plates, ladders, and so on. In old China, acrobatics was never performed in theatres because it was looked down upon by the feudal class. Since the founding of new China, the Chinese government has made great efforts to develop national arts, giving acrobatics a new life.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:15, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。

It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts. It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”。京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue. The heroine of “Dou E’s Grievance” is a typical “Qingyi” character.

3.吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。

Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey, know some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 05:48, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==
1-The Beijing Opera is considered the quintessential Chinese performance art. It originated in Beijing but has spread all around China to become a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining singing, dancing, dialogue and martial arts, it has five main types of characters: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou. These refer to male characters, female characters, forceful characters, middle-aged male characters and comedic figures respectively. Because the Beijing Opera was originally a feature of the imperial palace, it had stricter requirements for the performance, costumes, makeup and songs.

京剧被认为是中国典型的表演艺术。它起源于北京，但已遍布中国各地，成为中国文化的象征。结合唱歌，跳舞，对话和武术，它具有五个主要类型的字符：圣，旦，京，莫，仇。这些分别指男性角色，女性角色，有力角色，中年男性角色和喜剧人物。由于京剧最初是皇宫的特色，因此对表演，服装，化妆和歌曲有更严格的要求。

2-Mei Lanfang, Wade-Giles Romanization Mei Lan-fang, (born October 22, 1894, Beijing, China—died August 8, 1961, Beijing), Chinese theatrical performer, one of the greatest singer-actor-dancers in Chinese history.

梅兰芳（Wade-Giles Romanization）梅兰芳（1894年10月22日生于中国北京，1961年8月8日卒于北京），中国戏曲演员，中国历史上最伟大的歌手，演员和舞者之一。

3-Chinese acrobats focus especially on developing strength in the waist and legs. Strong abdominal muscles are the key to all precisely controlled movement involving the torso. Strong legs are essential for maintaining perfect balance while standing on a tightrope or other objects or on other acrobats.

中国的杂技演员特别注重腰部和腿部力量的发展。强大的腹部肌肉是所有精确控制躯干运动的关键。站立在绳索或其他物体或其他杂技演员上时，强壮的腿对于保持完美的平衡至关重要。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 12:07, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

1. 京剧结合音乐，杂技舞蹈和壮观的服饰，讲述中国历史和民间传说的故事。演员使用富有戏剧性意义的抽象，象征性手势，代表了英雄，神圣和动物界的人物，常常是在武术中使用。面具般的妆容和精致服装的传统特征立即为认识的观众标识了角色。

Beijing Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and floklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.

Beijing Opera, combining music and acrobatic dance with spectacular costumes, tells stories from Chinese history and floklore. Often in martial arts, the actors plays the role from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds by using abstract and symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰，艺名梅兰芳，是中国现代戏剧中著名的京剧演员。梅兰芳被称为“京剧大师”。他以女性角色“旦”而出名，尤其以青衣为主，即年轻或中年的优雅女子。梅兰芳和尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生一起，被誉为“四大名旦”。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lan, with a stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei Lanfang was famed as "Queen of Peking Opera". He was exclusively famous for his femal role "Dan" and particularly his verdant-robed girl "Qingyi", namely, young or middle-aged elegance woman. He was fameded the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lan, whose stage name was Mei Lanfang, represented one of the most famous Peking Opera actors in the history of modern Chinese opera. He was also famed as "the Master of Peking Opera". And he was notable for his performance as a female character "Dan", especially "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), namely, young or middle-aged elegant women. Mei Lanfang, as well as Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng, was fameds as "the Four Great Dan".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:46, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技是各种技艺表演的总和，以高、难、险、奇而和谐的技能为特征。杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、绳技、顶碗、滚杯等。

Characterized by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills, acrobatics is the sum of various performances, its artistic language mainly includes super-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling, and cup rolling.

--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 02:48, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics is the sum of various technical performances, marked by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills. It’s artistic language is the highly-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling and cup rolling. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

京剧是18世纪末至19世纪初融合安徽和湖北京剧风格的产物。

2. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy. He made his debut at the age of 11 and became well-known before he reached 20.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。他在11岁时首次亮相，并在20岁之前就广为人知。梅兰芳出生于北京的一个京剧世家。他从小就开始学习戏剧艺术，11岁时首次表演，并在20岁之前就广为人知。--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:33, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Chinese Acrobatics became an independent and highly skilled art form about 2,000 years ago. Han Dynasty acrobatics programs included items such as walking on a tight rope, along with conjuring tricks such as legerdemain, knife swallowing and fire eating.

大约2000年前，中国杂技成为一种独立的高技能艺术形式。汉代的杂技节目包括紧绳走动等项目，还有莱格德（Legerdemain），吞刀和吞火等魔术。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 03:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技大约在2000年前就已经成为一种独立的艺术形式，而且技术要求很高。在汉代，杂技节目涵盖了走钢丝，以及变戏法、吞剑和吞火等魔术等表演。--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:18, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.中国的京剧舞台，呈现的是浓厚的色彩之美，是一种错彩镂金的绚烂之美。

China's Peking Opera radiates with the beauty of resplendent color——vivid, intense and glamorous.

2. 梅兰芳在舞台上的容貌、服饰、舞姿、身段、唱腔，无一处不美。

Mei Lanfang's appearance, costumes, dance, movements and singing onstage are all extremely striking.

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。

Chinese Acrobatics has a profound history and is honored as a precious and fine cultural heritage of the Chinese people.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:08, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.京剧是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，另外四种分别为越剧、黄梅戏、评剧和豫剧。

Peking Opera is one of the five major operas in China. The other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.

Beijing Opera is one of the five major operas in China, and the other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。他所取得的辉煌成就，给我们留下了弥足珍贵的艺术遗产，他为中国戏剧艺术做出的杰出贡献，将永载戏剧史册。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a Beijing Opera master admired by the world. His unique "Mei school" art has enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us a precious artistic heritage. His outstanding contributions to Chinese drama will be forever recorded in the history of drama.

Mr. Mei Lanfang, a master of Beijing Opera, is admired by the world. His unique “Mei School” art enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us with precious artistic heritage, and his outstanding contribution to Chinese drama will be recorded in the history of drama forever.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技大约在新石器时代就已经萌芽。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。汉代，角抵戏的内容更充实，品种更丰富，技艺更高超。到东汉时，则形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心，汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout in the Neolithic age. After the unification of China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from other countries and formed an entertainment acrobatic program called Jiaodi opera. In the Han Dynasty, the content of Jiaodi opera was more substantial, the variety was richer, and the skill was more excellent. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of "Baixi" system with acrobatics as the center and various performing arts in one hall was formed.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout around the Neolithic Age. After unifying China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from various countries and formed an entertaining acrobatic program called Jiaodi Opera. In the Han Dynasty, Jiaodi Opera was richer in content, more abundant in variety and more excellent in skill. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety named “Baixi” was formed. It was a system which centered on acrobatic art and brought together various performing arts.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 京剧结合了音乐、杂技舞蹈和华贵的戏服来讲述中国历史和民间传说。演员使用抽象的象征性手势，富有戏剧性的含义，饰演英雄、神和动物世界的人物，并且通常是军功累累。

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. With abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:51, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子。

2. Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a child, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in apperance,” without the markings of an actor. In his childhood, Mei Lanfang was a neglected child.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a neglected child, he was considered to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance,” not a talent for performing.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国杂技是一门结合了身体力量和技巧的表演艺术。它是最受中国人欢迎的艺术形式之一。杂技在中国已经存在了两千多年。早在战国时期就已经出现了杂技的雏形。到了汉代，杂技或“百戏”进一步丰富了其内容和种类。古往今来，杂技表演融入了许多不同的表演艺术，例如传统戏剧、舞蹈和武术的优点，作为回报，它也为后者提供了灵感。

3. The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills. It is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills, which is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, emphasizing on the imaginative, the accent of which is mainly Xi Pi and Er Huang, accompanied by Huqin, gongs and drums, is the result of the continuous exchange and fusion between the four Anhui classes in the Qing Dynasty, who entered Beijing one after another, and collaborated with the Chinese opera artists in Hubei Province, while accepting parts of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera, and absorbing local folk tunes. It has travelled all over the world and became an important medium for introducing and spreading traditional Chinese art and culture.

二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School. The art of male dancers emerged in the history of Peking Opera as the "Mei Shangcheng Xun" the Four Great Dancers, bringing the entire Peking Opera to its peak, which was an important sign of its prosperity.

广义的杂技是各种超常技艺的统称，在原始艺术综合发展的阶段，它与乐舞不分，成为当时文化的主导。

Acrobatics in a broad sense is a collective term for a variety of extraordinary skills which, at the stage of integrated development of the primitive arts, became dominant in the culture of the time with an integration with music and dancing .--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:25, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，被视为中国国粹，位列中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”，是中国和世界的非物质文化遗产。京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China. It is regarded as the quintessence of Chinese culture and ranked the top among the three operas in China. And it is an intangible cultural heritage of China and the world. With setting featuring freehand style, Peking Opera holds Xipi and Er'huang as its main tunes, accompanied by huqin, gong, drum and so on. The four Hui Combos of the Qing Dynasty successively entered Beijing and cooperated with Han melody artists from Hubei province. At the same time, they assimilated some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qinqiang Opera, absorbed local folk tunes, then became the crystallization of continuous communication and integration. Advancing around the world, Peking Opera plays a vital role in introducing and disseminating Chinese art and culture.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳（名澜，字畹华，1894年10月22日－1961年8月8日），出生于北京，祖籍江苏泰州，中国京剧表演艺术大师，与程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“四大名旦”。其生前曾任中国京剧院院长、中国戏曲研究院院长、中国戏剧家协会副主席。在梅兰芳50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。其代表作有《贵妃醉酒》、《天女散花》、《打渔杀家》等。 1961年8月8日，梅兰芳因病在北京病逝，享年67岁。

Mei Lanfang ( personal name, Lan, style name Wanhua, October 22, 1894 - August 8, 1961), was born in Beijing, with ancestral home in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. He is a grand master of Chinese Peking Opera performing art, who, together with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng, is known as the "four greatest Dans". He was the president of the Chinese Peking Opera Theatre, president of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Opera, and vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists' Association. During his more than 50 years of performing life, he developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan in Peking Opera, and formed an artistic school with a unique style, known as the "Mei School". His representative works include Drunken Concubine, Heavenly Maids scattering blossoms, Revolt of the Fishing Folks, etc. On August 8, 1961, Mei Lanfang died of illness in Beijing at the age of 67.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技是集平衡、敏捷、运动协调等非凡技艺于一体的表演。许多表演艺术、运动赛事以及武术中都有其身影。

Acrobatics is the performance of extraordinary feats of balance, agility, motor coordination and so on. It can be found in many of the performing arts as well as in many sports events, and martial arts. --[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 京剧《贵妃醉酒》取材于中国唐朝帝王唐玄宗的宠妃杨玉环的部分人生经历，通过优美的动作和华美的唱词、曲调，表达杨贵妃由期盼到失望，再到怨恨的复杂心情。

The Peking Opera The Drunken Beauty is based on some life experiences of Yang Yuhuan, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in China. Through beautiful movements, gorgeous lyrics and tunes, it expresses Yang Guifei's complex mood from expectation to disappointment and resentment.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's whole life embodies his dedication to his diligence of continuous innovation and Excellence. He has integrated his creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Peking Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera perfect and becoming a far-reaching school in female roles.

3. 中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。

Acrobatic art in China has a long history, which is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

With a time-honored history, Acrobatic is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1.京剧是国粹，是积淀了民族审美习惯和文化传统的艺术瑰宝。中国人含蓄、稳健、精致、典雅的精神品格在京剧艺术里有着最丰富、最集中、最生动的体现。

Peking Opera is a national treasure that has accumulated national aesthetic habits and cultural traditions. The subtlety, steadfastness, refinement and elegance of the Chinese spirit are most abundant, concentrated and vividly embodied in the art of Peking Opera.

2.梅兰芳是一个稀世之才,一个中国奉献给世界的超级明星。在他精彩纷呈的艺术生涯之外,梅先生本人的人生故事,也和他演绎的那些才子佳人的悲欢离台一样真实,甚至更为美丽。

Mei Lanfang was a rare talent, a superstar that China dedicated to the world. In addition to his brilliant artistic career, Mr. Mei's own life story is just as real, if not more beautiful, than his rendition of the tragic and joyous departure of those talented and beautiful women from the stage.

3.民间杂技是一种有着两千五百多年历史的民间表演艺术，深深地根植于民众的土壤之中，有着悠久的历史和深厚的传统。

The folk traditional acrobatics is one kind of folk performing art with a history of 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces soil with a long history and deep tradition.

--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 12:47, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The folk acrobatics is a kind of performing art extending for more than 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces with a long history and deep tradition.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:08, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、京剧享誉全国，影响甚广，有"国剧"之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is well known throughout the country and has a wide influence. It is called "National opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as a representative of the Oriental drama performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important manifestation of Chinese traditional culture, in which various artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.

2、梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首，“梅派”艺术创始的人；同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。在西方人的眼中，梅兰芳就是京剧的代名词。

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding actor of Jingkun Dan in modern times, the first of the "four famous Dan" and the founder of the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding female lead heroine in Beijing and Kun operas in modern times, ranked first among the "four famous Dan("Dan" referring to female characters in Beijing Opera)" and founded the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、特别重视腰腿顶功的训练是中国杂技的第一个特点。中国杂技自古重视顶功。汉代画像砖石和壁画、陶俑中，有许多拿顶和翻筋斗的形象。中国杂技艺人，即使是表演古代戏法的演员也要有扎实的功夫基础。

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics isthat stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. In the han Dynasty, there are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 04:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kaungxi

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics is that it stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. There are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures which belong to Han dynasty. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Li Lili 李丽丽==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and across all over the country.

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, spreading across all over the country with Beijing as the center.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan roles in Peking Opera in his more than 50 years of stage life, forming an art school with unique style, known as "Mei school" .

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。在我国古代文献中，很早就有关于杂技的文学记载了。

Acrobatics enjoys a history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and "Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. But it was called acrobatics after this period in order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju. It has been long recorded in ancient Chinese literature.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:37, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

1. 京剧是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。然而，京剧发展当前存在一些问题：一是创作人才匮乏；二是缺乏固定的演出场所；三是经费投入不足。令人担忧的是京剧是否会像旧城区一样，成为中国疯狂的商业化和现代化进程的牺牲品。

Beijing Opera is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and all over the country. In May 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first national intangible heritage list. However, it has encountered some problems, including the lack of creative talents, fixed performance venues, and investment funds. The worry, though, is that, like the old neighborhoods, Beijing opera could fall victim to China’s rampant commercialism and modernization. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云和苟慧生被合称为京剧四大名旦，梅兰芳被公认为是中国表演艺术的代表。在他的演艺生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了自己的风格，并且成立了“梅兰芳京剧学校”。

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest artists of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest female role players of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and establishing “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。 “杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。近年来，中国杂技界以发展先进文化为己任，与时俱进，已经成为对外文化交流，弘扬中华民族优秀文化的重要渠道。

In China, acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years. The term “acrobatics” was given by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was founded. Over the years, the Chinese Acrobatics Society has been developing advanced culture and keeping pace with the times. It has become an significant channel for advancing foreign cultural exchanges and promoting the brilliant culture of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese acrobatic troupe was founded in 1950. In recent years, China's acrobatic circle has taken the development of advanced culture as its own responsibility and kept pace with the times, which has become an important channel for foreign cultural exchange and the promotion of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1. 京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless artists,the stage art of Beijing Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized patterns that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature,performance,music,singing,gongs and drums,makeup and facial makeup.

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融入了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派，形成独特的艺术风格。

Mei Lanfang’life embodies the dedication of continuous innovation and perfection.He has integrated the creative ideas of many arts fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera,making the singing and performing arts of Dan (the female roles in Beijing Opera) reach a perfect state,thus becoming a far-reaching school in Dan and forming a unique artistic style.

3. 近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍布世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到与中国人民的友谊，加速了中国与这些国家友好交往的进程。

For nearly half a century,Chinese acrobats have performed all over the world,displaying their artistic style in more than 100 countries in 5 continents.Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupe,and felt their friendship with Chinese people in their artistic performances,which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 06:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing Opera, or Ping Opera and Jing Opera, is the most influential opera in China, which centered in Beijing and extend all over the nation.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.电影《梅兰芳》讲述了一代京剧大师梅兰芳先生传奇的一生。围绕着这两个人之间的故事展开的，以梅兰芳引路人和保护者自居的邱如白因为不能忍受梅兰芳和孟小东的爱情，在幕后导演了刺杀梅兰芳的事件。

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera. The main content of the film was Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill him for his falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera Mei Lanfang's whole life. The main content is Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill Mei for Mei's falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:34, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。"杂技"一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

The modern acrobatics refers to the acrobat completes a series of complicated actions by his movement skills. The name “Zaji” was settled by Premiere Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the China National Acrobatic Troupe was founded.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、在表演艺术上广征博采吸取诸家剧种之长，融于徽戏之中。兼之演出阵容齐整，上演的剧目丰富，颇受京城观众欢迎。自魏长生被迫离京，秦腔不振，秦腔艺人为了生计，纷纷搭入徽班，形成了徽、秦两腔融合的局面。

In terms of performance art, it draws on the strengths of all kinds of plays and incorporates them into the Huizhou opera. In addition, with a complete performance lineup and a rich repertoire, it was quite popular with the audience in the capital. Since Wei Changsheng was forced to leave the capital, the Qin opera was sluggish, and the Qin opera artists, in order to make a living, had to join the Hui class, forming a fusion of Hui and Qin operas.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。梅兰芳的艺术造诣正如北大书法史巨匠李志敏的狂草一样耐人回味，可谓炉火纯青、臻入胜境。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the art of singing and performing the female roles in Peking Opera, forming a unique school of art with a unique style, known as the "Mei School. Mei Lanfang's artistic attainments are just as evocative as the wild grasses of Li Zhimin, a master calligrapher at Peking University, which can be said to be pure and perfect.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、南北朝时期，各族艺术交流频繁，使这一时期的杂技呈现出兼收并蓄，多姿多彩的特点，不仅民间基础丰厚，而且各朝宫廷表演也异彩纷呈。

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful, not only with a rich folk base, but also with various court performances.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful. As such, the acrobatics not only had a rich folk foundation, but also had a variety of court performances. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:42, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 京剧的历史可以追溯到1790年，当时四大徽班进京演出，为庆祝清朝乾隆皇帝的80大寿。这次演出轰动一时，因此戏班也留在了北京。

Beijing Opera dates back to the year 1790, when the famous Four Anhui Opera Troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The tour was a hit and the troupes stayed.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 在他的演绎生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了他自己的风格，并且成立了“梅派”。

Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming "The Mei Lanfang School".--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics had sprung up in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense and attack formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==

1.京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School"

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad.

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing opera has been widely spread all over the country and is known as "National Opera". The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental drama performance system and one of the three major performance systems in the world. Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, in which a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧形成初期，以梅巧玲为代表的一代老前辈艺术家开启了京剧男旦艺术的篇章。梅巧玲开创的梅派艺术，对京剧旦角表演艺术的提高与发展做出了卓越的贡献，也成为了梅派男旦的重要奠基人。到第二代梅派传人梅巧玲之子梅竹芬承父衣钵，良好地继承了梅巧玲的唱法，他对梅派艺术的传承功不可没。

In the early stage of the formation of Peking Opera, Mei Qiaoling, as the representative of the older generation of artists, opened the chapter of male Dan art in Peking Opera. Mei Qiaoling created the Mei school art, which made outstanding contributions to the improvement and development of the performance art of Peking Opera Dan roles, and he became the important founder of Mei school male Dan. Mei Zhufen, the son of Mei Qiaoling, the second generation descendant of Mei school, inherited Mei Qiaoling's singing style and made great contributions to the inheritance of Mei Qiaoling's art.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。汉代出土的画像砖石中对各类节目都有形象记载。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is shown that its various programs have become a series, with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world. There are vivid records of all kinds of programs in the relief bricks and stones unearthed in the Han Dynasty.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.随着社会经济的发展和戏曲声腔昆山腔的兴起，徽州商人纷纷蓄养家班，角色斗艺，并卖力为乾隆下江南收集声色歌舞，不惜重金包装徽剧色艺，客观上为徽剧进京创造了条件。

With the development of economy and the emergence of Kunshan Opera,merchants in Huizhoul successively fostered their own family troupes,competed skills and devoted to collect wonderful songs and dances for Emperor Qianlong’s coming to the south of Yangtze River.Besides,they spent numerous money in polishing the appearances and skills of those performers,which created favorable conditions for Huizhou Opera marching into the Forbidden City.

With the socio-economic development and the rise of the Kunshan opera voice, Huizhou merchants have saved up their families and roles to fight art, and worked hard for Qianlong to go to the south of the Yangtze River to collect voices and dances, at great expense to package Huizhou opera color art, which objectively created the conditions for Huizhou opera to enter the Beijing.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳之青衫亦为都中第一流人物，色艺之佳，早已名满都下二难兼并，必有特异之技艺以动人，观听者有梨园癖者自必联翩往观，第一台又将座物隙地矣。《申报》

Green shirt played by Meilanfang ranked first in Beijing for his splendid appearance and skills.Those spectators who were keen on Beijing Opera always flooded to his show and all seats were occupied.---''Shen Bao''

Mei Lanfang's blue shirt is also a first-class figure in the city, the color art of the good, has long been famous in the city two difficult to merge, there must be a special technique to move people, listeners who have a pear garden fetish will be linked to the view, the first Taiwan will be the gap between the object and the ground.---''Shen Bao''--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang’s Qingshan is also a first-rate figure in the with good color and art. It has long been known as a dilemma while there must be special skills to move people. Those who have pear garden addicts will come together to see them. The platform will be on the ground again.---''Shen Bao''-----[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.《简明不列颠百科全书》称杂技是“一种有悠久历史的专门艺术，包括跳、身体技巧和平衡动作，较晚时又使用长杆，独轮自行车、球、桶、绷床及吊架等器械”。

''Concise Encyclopedia Britanica'' calls acrobatics “a kind of special art with a long history,including jumping,body skills and balanced motions.Later,there emerged other apparatuses such as long rods,unicycles,balls,buckets and hangers,etc.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

The Concise Encyclopedia Britannica describes acrobatics as "a specialized art with a long history that includes jumping, body tricks, and balancing movements and, later, the use of instruments such as long poles, wheeled bicycles, balls, barrels, bandages, and hammocks."--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is the most influential Chinese opera genre. It is distributed in Beijing and spread all over the country.

Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is China's most influential genre of opera. It is first appeared in Beijing and then spread across China.

2. 梅兰芳（1894年10月22日－1961年8月8日），名澜，又名鹤鸣，乳名裙姊，字畹华，别署缀玉轩主人，艺名兰芳，清光绪二十年（1894年）出生于北京，祖籍江苏泰州。中国京剧表演艺术大师。

Mei Lanfang (October 22, 1894 - August 8, 1961), or Ming Lan, also known as Heming, with the stage name of Xiongzi, the pen-name Wanhua, and the master of Yuxuan, stage name Lanfang, Guangxu 20 Born in Beijing in 1894, his ancestral home is Taizhou, Jiangsu. He's a master of Chinese Peking Opera performing arts.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==
1.在京剧表演中，通常越精彩的戏越往后排，防止观众中途离场，同时营造出演出气氛节节高的效果，而排在最后的大轴戏无疑是整场演出最重头的戏码。

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and to help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and it can also help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.此后，一出又一出脱胎于传统文化经典的古装新戏在梅兰芳和梅党文人们的集体创作中连续推出，他们广泛地从昆曲和中国古典绘画、雕塑和舞蹈等艺术中吸取营养，同时又严格遵循传统京剧中的写意风格，从而真正契合了京剧从听戏向看戏转变的时代潮流。

Since then, Mei Lanfang and scholars of the Mei Party created a series of new ancient-costumed operas, based on traditional cultural classics. They extracted the essence from Kunqu Opera, classical Chinese paintings, the art of sculpting and dancing. They gave people a brand new impression on traditional Beijing Opera while preserved its traditional style. Audiences therefore gradually shifted from listening to traditional Chinese opera to watching it.

3.中国杂技艺术要创新，思想观念必须转变，体制机制必须突破。需要有新的经营理念来指导艺术生产，颠覆以往“一招鲜，吃遍天”的创作思路，形成“创意为先”、“以销定产”的新理念，认真研究演出市场，细分目标观众群，根据观众的欣赏口味创作构思。

The transformation of ideas and breakthrough of the system must be made in the innovation of Chinese acrobatic art. People need to come up with a new business philosophy in the industry as a guideline. They have to transform the previous idea of relying on the only one attraction into the new one, which is to put the creativity first and produce based on demands. They should make a careful analysis of the performance market, classify the target audience and arrange and preform based on audiences’ taste.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 08:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera Danjiao, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera for over 50 years of stage life, forming a unique style of art school, known as "Mei School" around the world.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:43, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。中国的杂技之乡有多个，像河南的濮阳东北庄、山东的菏泽，德州、聊城、江苏的盐城、河南的周口，湖北的天门、安徽的广德、天津的武清、河北的沧州吴桥、肃宁、霸州、以及2014年成为杂技之乡的广西博白等。

China's acrobatics have a long history and a long history. It is a precious and outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. There are many acrobatics hometowns in China, such as Puyang Dongbei Village in Henan, Heze in Shandong, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Yancheng in Jiangsu, Zhoukou in Henan, Tianmen in Hubei, Guangde in Anhui, Wuqing in Tianjin, Wuqiao in Cangzhou, Hebei , Suning, Bazhou, and Guangxi Bobai, which became the hometown of acrobatics in 2014.
--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 03:57, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1- 京剧已有近200年的历史。 ...它是中国所有歌剧中最重要的一部，拥有丰富的曲目和众多著名艺术家，在中国具有深远的影响。传统戏剧在保护下一代中国文化方面发挥着重要作用。

Beijing Opera has a history of nearly 200 years. ... It is the most significant of all operas in China, and it has a richness of repertoire and a large number of famous artists that give it a profound influence in China. The traditional plays share a large role in preserving Chinese culture for new generations.

2-梅兰以艺名梅兰芳而闻名，他是中国现代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家。梅被誉为“京剧皇后”。梅因其女主角而著称，尤其是他的“翠绿抢劫的女孩”，年轻或中年女性风度翩翩而又优雅。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles and particularly his "verdant-robed girls", young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement.

3- 1：杂技演员的艺术，表演或活动。 2：涉及敏捷性或复杂性的壮观，艳丽或令人震惊的表演或演示。

1 : the art, performance, or activity of an acrobat. 2 : a spectacular, showy, or startling performance or demonstration involving great agility or complexity.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种戏剧形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。

1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatrical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.Mei lanfang was a notable peking Opera artist in modern Chinese theatre and great Master of Beijing Opera. He become well-known before he reached 20.

梅兰芳是中国近代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家和京剧大师，在20岁之前就广为人知。

3.Mei lanfang,In 50 years of his career, he played more than 100 roles which are women generals,daughter of noble families and goddesses.

梅兰芳，在他的职业生涯的50年中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色是女将军，贵族家庭和女神的女儿。--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 04:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

在梅兰芳50年职业生涯中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色包括女将军、贵族之女和女神。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Beijing Opera is the most representative of all forms of traditional Chinese dramatic art.

京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术中最具代表性的.

2. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

18世纪末至19世纪初，京剧是安徽和湖北京剧风格融合的产物。

3. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。

4. As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 10:28, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1京剧或京剧，是中国戏曲的最主要形式，集音乐，演唱，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技于一体. 它起源于清朝中叶（1636年至1912年），并在19世纪中叶得到充分发展和认可.
Peking Opera is the main form of Chinese opera, which integrates music, singing, pantomime, dance and acrobatics. It originated in the middle of Qing Dynasty (1636-1912), and was fully developed and recognized in the middle of 19th century--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2梅兰芳是一位艺术收藏家，也是一位经验丰富的业余书法家。他对中国历史的兴趣促使他根据比明朝更早的原型制作了新的舞台服装. 他指出，演员应该具有良好的历史知识.
Mei Lanfang is an art collector and an experienced amateur calligrapher. His interest in Chinese history prompted him to make new stage costumes based on earlier prototypes than the Ming Dynasty. He pointed out that actors should have good knowledge of history. --[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3在中国奥运会期间，观众对中国杂技表演印象深刻.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 03:58, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
During the Chinese Olympic Games, the audience was deeply impressed by Chinese acrobatics.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1. 京剧是我国的国粹。从清末徽班进京到今天，京剧作为一种独具魅力的艺术形式，见证了社会的更替，经历了历史的淘沙。

As the quintessence of China, Beijing Opera is an art form with unique charm, which has witnessed the change of society and gone through the course of history since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Anhui Opera has been in Beijing until today.

Peking opera is the quintessence of our country. From the time when Huiban entered Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty to today, Peking Opera, as a uniquely glamorous art form, has witnessed the transformation of society and experienced the sandstorm of history.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳先生是一个爱国主义者，在抗日战争期间，他坚决拒绝为敌演出，有着强烈的爱国情感和崇高的民族气节。

Mei Lanfang was a patriot. During the Anti-Japanese War, he resolutely refused to perform for the enemy with a strong sense of patriotism and lofty national integrity.

3. 中国杂技从石器时代就已经开始了，古人在日常的劳作和捕猎过程中，逐渐的创造出令人惊叹的超强体能，捕猎成功庆祝之时，就有人开始展现自己创造的神器绝活，慢慢的这种绝活演变成了娱乐表演，也就形成了最早的杂技表演形式。

Chinese acrobatics has begun since the Stone Age, at that time, ancient people gradually created amazing physical strength through their daily work and hunting. As the hunt was celebrated, people began to show off their creations of unique techniques, which gradually evolved into entertainment and formed the earliest acrobatics.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 07:40, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==

脸谱的演变和发展，不是某个人凭空臆造的产物，而是戏曲艺术家们在长期艺术实践中，对生活现象的观察、体验、综合，以及对剧中角色的不断分析、判断，作出评价，才逐步形成了一整套完整的艺术手法。

The evolution and development of facial masks does not come from random creations. Instead, it is a set of arts created by opera artists during a long-term practice, which requires their observance, experience and summary for life as well as analysis, judgement and evaluation for characters.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

The life of Mei Lanfang displays his professional ethics that include revolutionary spirit and excellence pursuit. He filled creative thoughts in many artistic fields into opera performance, making the singing and performing of opera reach a perfect standard and becoming a school that has profound impacts in female-role playing.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

在中国古代工艺品中，常常可以看到杂技的生动形象，画师们也喜欢把杂技演出作为绘画的重要内容。这些保存下来的艺术珍品，如实地反映了当时的杂技情况，同时也说明了杂技艺术在人民的生活中，占据了何等重要的位置。

In some ancient handicrafts, one can see vivid images of acrobatics and painters like to paint acrobatic performance. The saved artistic treasures faithfully reveals the acrobatic performance and explains how important acrobatic art is in people’s life.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

In ancient hadicrafts，those images of acrobatics are vivid and are usually taken as the mian content of paiting by painters. So the saved artistic treasures faithfully represent acrobatic performance at that time and also reflects the important position of acrobatic art in people’s life.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 09:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is widely performed throughout the country and is known as the "national opera". Peking Opera, named after Mei Lanfang, is regarded as the representative of the oriental theater performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School, when the art of male dancers appeared in the history of Peking Opera, "Mei Shangcheng Xun" four famous dancers, so that the development of the entire Peking Opera entered the peak period, which is an important symbol of the prosperity of Peking Opera.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.唐代时，一些节目得到了惊人的发展，出现了前所未有的高超技艺。其中“载竿”之艺极高，马术节目也有很大发展，驯兽也达到了相当高的水平。

During the Tang dynasty, a number of shows developed in an astonishing way, and unprecedented skills emerged. Among them, the art of "Jie Guan" was extremely high, equestrian shows also developed greatly, and the taming of animals also reached a very high level.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In the Tang Dynasty, some programs developed astonishingly, with unprecedented superb skills. Among them, the art of "carrying poles" is extremely high, equestrian programs have also developed greatly, and animal training has reached a very high level.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

1.京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。京剧以12世纪中国传统习俗为依据，融音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、杂技以及精美的服饰与道具为一体。

Chinese Beijing Opera is praised as — Oriental Opera. Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China, which synthesizes music, drama, dancing and acrobatics along with very elaborate costumes and a minimum of props, according to traditions and customs dating back as far as twelfth century.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国杂技渊源流长，是中华民族文化艺术的瑰宝，是人体机能的异化与延伸，更是人类劳动技能的提高和升华，与人们的生产生活紧密相关。

Chinese acrobatics, with a long history, is a treasure of Chinese culture and art. It is not only the dissimilation and extension of human body function, but the improvement and sublimation of human labor skills. Moreover, it has close relationship with people’s production and life.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3.梅兰芳在京剧表演艺术上之所以取得那么大的成就，主要原因在于如下几端：一是与时俱进，出新求变；二是兼收并蓄，博采众长；三是随时请益，从善如流。

The main reasons why Mei Langfan has made such great achievements in the performing art of Peking Opera are as follows:first, he keeps pace with the times and strives for innovation; second, he is inclusive and boldly learns from others; third, he is always ready to ask for suggestions and readily adopts them.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.穿林海跨雪原气冲霄汉！抒豪情寄壮志面对群山。愿红旗五洲四海齐招展，哪怕是火海刀山也扑上前。

Crossing the sea of forests and the snowy plains, my morale rises to the sky! I pour my lofty sentiments and ambitions to the mountains. May the red flag be unfurled in all parts of the world, even if it is a sea of fire and a mountain of knives.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”。

In Peking Opera, women are collectively called “Dan”, which can be subdivided into many professions in line with the age and personality of the characters. Women who play the role of a lady or women of status are called “Zheng Dan”.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1958年，沧州吴桥县小马厂村出土的距今约1500年前南北朝东魏时期的古墓壁画上，就描绘着倒立、肚顶、转碟、马术等杂技表演形象。

In 1958, unearthed in Cangzhou County, Wuqiao County, Xiao Ma Chang Village, the tomb wall paintings, whose history can be traced back to about 1500 years ago (the North and South Dynasties, the Eastern Wei period) depicted many acrobatic performances such as handstand, belly tops, plate-spinning, horsemanship, etc.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。它作为创造舞台形象的艺术手段是十分丰富的，而用法又是十分严格的。不能驾驭这些程式，就无法完成京剧舞台艺术的创造。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless and endless artists, the stage art of Peking Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized procedures that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature, performance, music, singing, gongs and drums, makeup and facial makeup. As an artistic means of creating stage image, it is of great variety,whose usage, nevertheless, is of pretty restriction. If these programs couldn’t be controlled, Beijing opera won’t deliver its creation of stage art. --[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.他是个勤勉好学的演员，从青年时代起就认真钻研古典文学、国画、民族音乐、民族舞蹈、民俗学、音韵学和服饰学等多方面的祖国传统文化，并把这些知识融合到他的艺术中去，从而创造了大量优秀剧目，形成了具有独特风格、大家风范的艺术流派——梅派。

What an industrious and studious actor he is.Since his youth, he had been studying the traditional Chinese culture in many aspects, such as classical literature, traditional Chinese painting, national music, national dance, folklore, phonology and costume science . Moreover,he integrated these knowledge into his art, thus creating a large number of excellent plays and forming Mei school, a art school with unique and everybody style.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到中国人民的友谊，加速了与这些国家友好交往的进程。

Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad. For nearly half a century, Chinese acrobats have traveled all over the world, leaving their artistic style in more than 100 countries on five continents. Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time also welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupes, and caught the feelings of friendship from Chinese people in their artistic performances, which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
1. 中国传统戏剧与印度梵剧、古希腊悲喜剧一起，是世界上最古老的三种戏剧。
它是中国传统文化的重要组成不分，是我国的国宝。

Chinese traditional drama, together with Indian Sanskrit opera and ancient Greek tragicomedy, are the three oldest dramas in the world.
It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and a national treasure of our country.

2. 梅兰芳是所见过的最杰出的演员之一，纽约还从来没有见识过这样的演出。
Mei Lanfang is one of the most outstanding actors she has ever seen. New York has never seen such a performance.

3. 许多杂技艺术团先后出国访问，并屡获国际大奖，成为世界著名的杂技大国。
Many acrobatic troupes have visited abroad and won many international awards. They have become famous acrobatics countries in the world.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 06:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。
Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, whose artistic elements in great many are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 01:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。
The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is considered as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。
Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performance programs in which performers rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of difficult performances.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refers to the performance programs in which performers complete a series of difficult stunts with their own physical skills.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 05:58, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.新中国成立后，京剧的对外交流主要是由文化部和外交部组织的，京剧成为国家的文化使者。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，overseas exchanges of Beijing Opera mainly have been organized by the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Foreign Fairs，and it becomes the cultural emissary of our country.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.1919—1935年梅兰芳的海外京剧演出消除了当时西方对中国戏剧甚至中国人的偏见，促进了中国京剧在海外的传播，增进了东西方文化交流。中国京剧这一东方艺术瑰宝在世界戏剧舞台上大放光彩。

From 1919 to 1935，Mei Lanfang’s overseas performance of Beijing Opera removed the prejudice and misunderstanding of the western to China’s opera，even to Chinese people，which promoted the spread of Beijing Opera in foreign countries and enhanced cultural exchanges between the west and east world. Since then，Beijing Opera，the eastern art treasure，started to shine in the world stage for opera. --[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技艺术保留着历史最悠久的传统节目，以无与伦比的精湛技艺，绚丽多姿的传统节目，独特鲜明的民族风格，博得了国内外广大观众的赞赏和喜爱。

Chinese acrobatics reserves the most time-honored traditional programs and won appreciation and affection of the audience at home and abroad with its incomparable skills，diversified traditional programs and unique and distinctive national style.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics retains the longest history of traditional programs. With unparalleled superb skills, colorful traditional programs, and unique and distinctive national styles, it has won the appreciation of audiences at home and abroad.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:50, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.京剧主要是通过融合唱念做打的方式来叙述故事情节或表达人物的喜怒哀乐，惊讶或是恐惧。

1.Beijing Opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue, mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness.

2.梅兰芳小时候并不被看好，说他不是唱戏的料

2.When he was young ,Mr.Mei was not regarded suitable for singing.

3.杂技在一系列复杂的杂技武术动作中加入了许多传统舞蹈元素。

3. Acrobatic arts combines many classic dance elements with a physical conditioning that allows you to undertake the complex acrobatic moves that are part of the style.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:16, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

1.京剧行当的划分，除依据人物的自然属性（性别、年龄）和社会属性（身份、职业）外，主要是按人物的性格特征来分类。

1.In addition to the natural attributes (gender, age) and social attributes (identity, occupation) of the characters, Peking Opera is mainly classified according to their personality characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅兰芳先生的理性阐述，根植于中华民族文艺理论的沃土之中，深入浅出、通俗易懂。

2.Mr. Mei Lanfang's rational exposition, rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese literary theory, is simple and easy to understand.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.通过国粹中华濒危艺术这个大舞台，让中华民族杂技艺术释放无穷的魅力，成为连接世界和平使者的纽带，并通过这个特殊的文化纽带架起世界人民友谊的桥梁。

3.Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its endless glamour , becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its infinite charm, becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:09, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1 业内人士表示，武戏是艺术瑰宝，对京剧的发展有积极意义，不可或缺，应该加以拯救和保护，让它重新在舞台上焕发活力。
According to industry insiders, martial arts is an artistic treasure that is positive and indispensable to the development of Peking Opera and should be saved and protected so that it can be revitalized on the stage.

industry insiders said that milatary plays are art treasures, which are of positive and indispensable to the development of Beijing opera. It should be saved and protected to rejuvenate its vitality on the stage.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳将艺术和生活，和兴趣走到了一起，让中国传统书画走进戏剧，扩展了艺术领域，同时将原有的艺术壁垒打破，开创出新的出路，并将这种新式事物传到了国外。
Mei Lanfang combined art and life, and interests together.He brought traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy into the theater, expanded the field of art, while breaking down existing artistic barriers, created new outlets, and spreaded this new style abroad.

Mei Lanfang combined art and life together with interest, brought traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting into drama,and thus expanded the field of art. At the same time he broke the original art barriers, created a new way out, and spread this new thing abroad.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。
The extraordinary achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series in the first place, concluding the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:57, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, whose various artistic elements are the symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera is an important form of traditional Chinese culture, the various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:51, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目，包括口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺。

Modern acrobatics refers to a series of highly difficult program performed by acrobats with their physical techniques, including ventriloquism，pagoda of bowls，wirewalking，conjuring tricks，lion dances and other skills. --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1. 在1840年，京剧正式成形，并且在“戏迷”慈禧太后掌权期间迅速发展, 风靡全国。

It was after 1840 that Beijing Opera formally took shape, growing even faster during the reign of the Empress Cixi (1835-1908), who was an opera fan. As a result of this, Beijing Opera became popular around the country.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 梅兰芳的表演属于传统京剧。然而，他在舞台设计中引入了许多新的元素，进一步丰富了旦角的表演。他创造了一个新的风格，花衫。它是内敛的青衣与花旦的结合，在其中演员要掌握唱和模仿技巧，有时甚至加入杂技。由此，梅兰芳拓宽了旦角表演范围。

Mei Lanfang worked with traditional Peking Opera. However, he introduced many new features to its stagecraft and enriched the dan role category further. He created a new sub-category, the so-called huashan or the “flower robe”. It is a combination of the restrained qingyi or noble lady and huadan or the coquettish woman, in which the actor should master both singing and miming skills, sometimes even acrobatics. Mei Lanfang thus widened the scope of dan acting.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 演出中，中国杂技团将中国传统的抖空竹、戏车融合在整场演出中，并用探宝的主题将表演故事化。观看节目的中外媒体在欣赏精彩绝伦的杂技演同时，也亲身感受到中国古老文化与现代艺术的交融与碰撞。

The Chinese Acrobatic Troupe integrated Chinese traditional skills of playing diabolo and performing with the bicycle or unicycle into the whole performance, and presented the audience a story of treasure exploration. The Chinese and foreign media watching the performance could not only enjoy the wonderful acrobatic show, but also feel the fusion and collision of ancient Chinese culture and modern art.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 而京剧舞台上的人物造型也是在程式规定中尽出变化，在运用眼神和面部表情方面也要做到“眉目传情”。

The actor performing the Beijing Opera must be as dyanamic as possible based on all the restrictions, with the use of the eyes and facial expressions being expressive and attractive.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 二十世纪，梅兰芳大师为了加强女性角色在演唱中浓重和深沉的韵律增加了京二胡，配合京胡的演奏丰富了京剧乐队的声部，从而增加了演唱韵味。

In the 20th century, Master Mei Lanfang added the Jing Erhu in order to enhance the strong and deep rhythms of the female characters in singing, which, together with the playing of the Jing Hu, enriched the vocal parts of the Peking Opera orchestra, thus adding to the charm of the singing.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 近年来，杂技节目以及杂技剧的发展趋势主要是在“技”与“情节”中寻找融合点，借鉴舞蹈、戏曲等姊妹艺术的表现形式和手法，通过音乐、舞美等多种舞台元素配合，实现艺术的综合创新。

In recent years, the trend of acrobatic shows and acrobatic theatre has been to look for a fusion of "technique" and "plot" to realise comprehensive artistic innovation, mainly through the co-ordination of various stage elements such as music and choreography, and through the practice of the expressions and techniques of relative arts such as dance and opera.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 戏曲艺术的长远发展，既要顺应时代潮流更应保留精华特色，戏曲人的“破圈”之路可谓任重而道远。

For the long-term development of opera art, it is necessary to follow the trend of the times and retain the essence of its characteristics.

For the long-term development of opera, it is necessary to conform to the trend of the times and retain its essence. Therefore, opera artists still have a long way to go.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:15, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

Mei Lanfang’ s innovation, the Mei School of Peking Opera, is not only the peak of Peking Opera and Chinese opera as a whole, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.

3. 中国杂技的意义是多方面的，其中根本两点：一是中国杂技艺术具有的悠久传统和丰厚的历史积累，为其提供了创新的基础；二是中国杂技有它鲜明而独特的艺术风格，使其卓立于世界杂技之林。

The significance of Chinese acrobatics is multifaceted, including two fundamental points—first, the long tradition and rich history provide the basis for its innovation; Second, Chinese acrobatics has its own distinctive and unique artistic style, which makes it stand out in the world. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，徽剧是京剧的前身。同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，与民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国。
Peking Opera was once called Ping Opera, and Hui Opera was the predecessor of Peking Opera. At the same time, it accepted part of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera. Through continuous communication and integration with folk tunes, Peking Opera was finally formed. Peking opera has spread all over the world, with Beijing as the center and it is popular all over China.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳是中国京剧史上鼎盛期和清末以及中华民国成立后文化繁荣时期，承上启下最具有代表性的人物。他在五十余年的舞台生涯中，塑造了众多的优美的妇女艺术形象，积累了大量优秀剧目，发展了京剧旦角的表演艺术。
Mei Lanfang is the most representative person in the heyday of Chinese Peking Opera history, the late Qing Dynasty and the cultural prosperity after the founding of the Republic of China. he has created many beautiful artistic images of women in his more than 50 years of stage career, which accumulated a large number of outstanding plays, and developed the performance art of Peking Opera.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 汉代是中国杂技的形成和成长期，汉代角抵戏迅速充实内容，增加品种，提高技艺，终于在东汉时代形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。
The Han Dynasty was the formation and growth period of Chinese acrobatics. Jiaojia Opera at this time quickly enriched its content, increased its variety, and improved its skills. Finally, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of performing arts centered on acrobatics was formed——" Baixi" system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==

1.徽剧是京剧的前身。清代乾隆五十五年起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春，四大徽班陆续进入北京，他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。
The Hui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera.Since the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty in 55, the four emblems of the Southern Dynasties have entered Beijing . They have cooperated with the Han tune artists from Hubei Province and accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect.

2.梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首,“梅派”艺术创始的人;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演.体系”之一。
Mei Lanfang studied art at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11.Mei Lanfang is an outstanding actor in modern Beijing, the head of " Four Famous Dans " and the founder of " Mei Pai " art ;At the same time, it is also an internationally renowned master of performing arts whose performances have been promoted as one of the " three major performances in the world . "

3.杂技的起源是人类生存、智慧的积淀，是人类文化经验的积淀，是情感的宣泄，在漫长的人类进化过程中，人们击地而舞，铿锵而歌，在空地_上展现着最原始的杂技技巧，是那么尽情、那么投入。
The origin of acrobatics is the accumulation of human existence and wisdom, the accumulation of human cultural experience, is the catharsis of emotions, in the long process of human evolution, people hit the ground and dance, sonorous songs, in the open space--showing the most primitive acrobatic skills, is so full, so devoted.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special cosmetic method with national characteristics. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has a general spectral type, just like singing and playing music, it is so called“ types of facial makeup in operas”.

Beijing opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with national characteristics. Since each historical figure or a certain type of character has a general notation, just like singing and playing music, it is called "facial makeup in Beijing Opera".--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳是著名京剧表演艺术家。他刻苦学习昆曲、练功，经过长期的舞台实践，对京剧旦角的唱腔、念白、舞蹈、音乐、服装、化妆等各方面都有所创造发展，形成了自己的艺术风格，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang is a famous artist of Beijing Opera performance. He worked hard in learning Kun Opera and practicing his skills. After long period of stage practice, he made great progress in the aspects of the aria of female role in Beijing Opera, the spoken part, the dance performance, the music, the costume and the make-up. Thus he formed his own artistic style, which was called“ Mei School”.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国杂技是历史悠久的传统表演艺术之一。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of a special type called "Jiao Di" in different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culturethe,various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has been on stage for more than 50 years, and he has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera , forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

In the past 50 years or so on the stage, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved his singing and performing skills of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国杂技早在汉代就形成以“顶功”为中心的形体技巧，顶功就要求有过硬的腰功、腿功、倒立和跟斗基本功，这种传统一直至今。

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills". Top skills require excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills", which requires excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1，“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角，“丑”是滑稽幽默的人物或者反面角色
Sheng is the positive male role, and Dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character.
2, 在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质，角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键
One major characteristic of Peking opera is the colors painted on the face of a character that shows the personality, quality, role and fate. It is also the key to understand the plot.
3,红脸含有褒义，代表忠通；黑脸代表中性，代表猛智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈
Red is positive, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a natural role, representing vigor and wisdom; yellow and white both suggest canning and negative characters.
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 04:57, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.京剧的发展已有2百多年的历史,它是我国传统文化与历史的积淀,也是我国传统文化的载体。它的博大精深值得广大有知识，有抱负，有热情的青年学子去发掘与体验。京剧与大学在某些方面具有互补性。大学作为莘莘学子求学探索与攀登的殿堂,需要具有更高内涵和素养的文化来丰富和完善;

The development of Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years which is the accumulation of China's traditional culture and history, as well as the carrier of China's traditional culture. Its extensiveness and profoundness is worth of being explored and experienced by young students with knowledge, ambition and enthusiasm. Peking Opera and university are complementary in some ways. As a palace for students to explore and climb, universities need to enrich and improve their culture with higher connotation and accomplishment.

2.梅兰芳是中国近代杰出的表演艺术家，举世闻名的中国戏曲艺术大师，“四大名旦”之首，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。他不但有精妙的艺术，更有高尚的品德，是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。

Mei Lanfang is an outstanding performing artist in modern China, a world-renowned master of Chinese Opera art, and the first of the "four famous denier", whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character. He is the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.

Mei Lanfang， an outstanding performing artist in modern China, is worldwidely famous for Chinese Opera art. As the first of the "four famous denier", his performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character, which makes him the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics emerged in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were redeemed as a kind of self-entertaining game performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, which formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:18, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.京剧是我国的国粹，是流行于全国的重要剧种之一。伴奏乐器以京胡为主，二胡、月琴、三弦为辅。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of China and one of the most popular operas in China. The accompaniment instruments are mainly Jinghu, supplemented by erhu, Yueqin and Sanxian.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.绘画大师刘海粟:“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。'

Master of painting Liu Haisu said that Mr. Mei's performance style, compared with painting, should be the peony colorful flowers with Meticulous Brushwork. The flowers and leaves are freehand and easy to see in the elegant, appropriate shade, and gorgeous but not vulgar. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.吴桥人练杂技有古老的传统风俗。据记载，吴桥是庙会盛地，过去吴桥境内庙宇林立，庵寺错落，庙会繁多。庙会上，除了做法事之外，都要举行娱乐性的表演。

In Wuqiao, acrobatics has an ancient traditional custom. According to records, Wuqiao is a place of temple fairs. In the past, there were many temples, scattered temples and numerous temple fairs. At temple fairs, entertainment performances are held in addition to practices.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics sprang up in China around the Neolithic Age. The labor skills of primitive men formed in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were reproduced as a kind of self-entertaining game skill performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, thus giving birth to the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During his more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Danjiao in Peking Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is famed as “the National Opera” for its spread and influence across the whole nation. The performing system of Peking Opera named by Mei Lanfang was viewed as the representative of the Eastern opera performing art, belonging to one of the three major performing systems in the world. Peking Opera is also a significant form of expressing traditional Chinese culture, in which numerous artistic elements are utilized as traditional Chinese culture symbols.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.当你来到中国的时候，一定要去看一场京剧，就像是你到了意大利一定要去听一场歌剧一样。
It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as seeing an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as to see an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅先生还是一位伟大的爱国主义者，抗战期间蓄须明志，拒绝演出，靠写字卖画为生。
Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the perform opportunities, and made a living by writing and selling paints. --[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the opportunities to perform, and made a living by writing and selling paints during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.各种戏剧表演，杂技表演，绘画，书法和美食会让你眼花缭乱。
A variety of opera performances, acrobatics shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

A variety of opera performances, acrobatic shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

清代乾隆五十五年（1790年）起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春四大徽班陆续进入北京，与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，又吸收了一些地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。 [1]
Since the 55th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four troupes of Hui School which are Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai, and Hechun went to Beijing consecutively, and cooperated with artists of Handiao( a local drama in Wuhan, Hubei Province). Meanwhile, they accepted part of operas, melodies, and perform methods of Kunqu Opera and Shanxi Opera, and absorbed some folk musics, through unceasingly communicate and integrate of which, the Beijing Opera was formed.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。
During his 50 years’ stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved singing and performing art of Dan or female role in Beijing Opera, forming a art school with unique style, which is known as “ Mei School”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

这些奇技异巧，场面盛大的演出，使四方来客大为惊叹，深服汉帝国的广大和富强。
These wonderful skills, pomp and pageantry of performance make visitors from all over the world surprised and admired the immensity and prosperity of the Empire of Han.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==

1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera,as an important form expressing the traditional Chinese culture,including many artistic elements that symbolize Chinese tradition culture.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:14, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a well-respected master of Peking opera. He has created a unique "Mei School" art and enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a universally admired master of the Peking Opera, and his creation of the unique "Mei School" of art is highly regarded both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术作为一种古老的原始艺术，与舞蹈一样，它产生的文化机制是多方面的。

Acrobatic art is an ancient primitive art. Like dance, the cultural mechanism it produces is multifaceted.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

As an ancient and primitive art, acrobatics, like dance, has a variety of cultural mechanisms at work.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1.京剧艺术是在我国许多民族古老戏曲艺术创作成果的基础上成长起来的，它所以取得今天的辉煌成就，是经过几辈人悉心继承，努力创新的结果。

The art of Beijing opera has grown up on the basis of the artistic achievements of many ancient operas of many nationalities in China. Its brilliant achievements today are the result of painstaking inheritance and innovation of several generations. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在促进东西方文化交流方面作出了卓越的贡献，也是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。在国内外，梅兰芳先生被誉为伟大的演员和美的化身。

Mei Lanfang has made outstanding contributions to the promotion of cultural exchanges between the East and West, and he is also a pioneer in spreading Beijing opera abroad. At home and abroad, Mr. Mei Lanfang is known as a great actor and the embodiment of beauty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 新石器时代开始，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能。在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演。这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Chinese acrobatics germinates from the Neolithic age. The labor skills formed by primitive people in hunting and the martial arts and extraordinary physical fitness created in self-defense and attack are reproduced as a skill performance of self entertainment games. This formed the earliest acrobatic art. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

国粹，是指一个国家固有的文化精华，中国的国粹有很多，其中与誉满中外的中国京剧、中国武术、中国书法、中国医学，被世人称为“中国的四大国粹”。

The quintessence of the nation is the inherent essence of it culture. There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Peking Opera, Chinese martial arts, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine, which are well known at home and abroad, are called" the four national treasures of China."--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The quintessence of a nation is its inherent cultural essence . There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Beijing Opera, Chinese kungfu, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine are well known at home and abroad.They are called‘the four national treasures of China .’--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:29, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他从小就被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Lanfang is a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. As a boy, he was considered to be "mediocre in speech and plain in appearance", without the making of an actor.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、顶碗、滚杯等。

The artistic language of acrobatics is mainly the body movements of super high skills, including the soft body technique of top bowl rolling cup and so on--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. “生旦净末丑、神仙老虎狗”，这句话常被用来形容行当俱全的京剧角色。锣鼓咚锵响起，舞台两侧“出将”、“入相”门帘一挑一合，一个个鲜活的人物走马灯似的登台下场，这时观众们可想不起，后台演员正在如同打仗一样地紧张扮着呢。

This sentence is often used to describe Peking Opera roles with all kinds of professions, such as "being clean and ugly at the end of life, being immortal, tiger and dog". The gongs and drums rang loudly, the curtains of "going out" and "entering the phase" on both sides of the stage were picked and closed one by one, and the vivid characters came off the stage like lanterns. At this moment, the audience could not remember that the backstage actors were playing up as nervously as a war.

2. 梅兰芳先生是个严谨自律的人。烈酒伤身，尤其伤嗓子，他自然不会多饮。而百年老店精心炮制的药酒，饮用有助于健康。作为演员，难捱的夏日仍要粉墨登场，借助一杯绿茵陈酒解暑解乏，再合适不过。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a strict and self-disciplined person. Strong liquor hurts the body, especially his throat. Naturally, he will not drink more. However, drinking the medicated liquor carefully prepared by the century-old shop is helpful to health. As an actor, it is still necessary to take part in the difficult summer days. It is most appropriate to use a cup of green wine to relieve summer heat and fatigue.

3. 杂技，亦作“杂伎”，是柔术、车技、口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺的泛称。河北吴桥不仅是中国杂技的发祥地，也是世界杂技艺术的重要摇篮。作为一门在贫穷土壤中生长的艺术，吴桥民间杂技生活气息浓厚淳朴。

Acrobatics, also known as "miscellaneous performers", is a general term for jujitsu, car skills, ventriloquism, bowl-topping, tightrope walking, magic tricks, lion dance and other skills. Wuqiao in Hebei Province is not only the birthplace of Chinese acrobatics, but also an important cradle of acrobatic arts in the world. As an art growing in poor soil, Wuqiao folk acrobatic life has a strong and simple atmosphere. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:34, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1. 2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。

In May 2006, Peking Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. In 2010, it was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

2. 梅兰芳通过不断的努力，终于集京剧旦角艺术之大成，融青衣、花旦、刀马旦行当为一炉，创造出独特的表演形式和唱腔，世称“梅派”，影响很大。

Through continuous efforts, Mei Lanfang finally collected the great achievements of Peking Opera Danjie art, combined with Qin Yi, Hua Dan, and Dao Ma Dan arts, creating a unique form of performance and singing, known as the "Mei School", with great influence.

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。“杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was established in 1950.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 07:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.京剧表演的四种艺术手法:唱、念、做、打，也是京剧表演四项基本功。

Singing, recitation, acting and acrobatic fighting are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Peking opera performance are singing, chanting, acting and acrobatic fighting , which are also the four basic skills of Peking opera performance.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:38, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Beijing opera performance: singing, chanting, doing, and playing can be also the four basic skills of Beijing opera performance.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

The art of Mei School of Beijing Opera, innovated by Mei Lanfang, not only is the peak of Beijing Opera and Chinese opera art, but also lists on the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's innovative Beijing Opera Mei School art is not only the peak of Chinese Beijing Opera and the entire Chinese opera art, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.这些传统杂技节目经过初步整理，在服装道具、音乐伴奏上都作了初步加工，使之面貌一新。

These traditional acrobatic items have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes and props as well as music and accompany.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic performances have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes, props as well as music.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:27, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic programs have been preliminarily sorted out, and the costumes, props, and musical accompaniment have been preliminarily processed to make them look new.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
徽班进京的出发地在扬州，身怀绝技的优伶们，出发前一定要到位于苏唱街的梨园总局碰碰头，商量一下出发日程和演出剧目，并在那里一起摆个身段、甩两下水袖、扬几声珠圆玉润的歌喉。有时干脆排演几出折子戏，或是《游园》，或是《思凡》，声情并茂，婀娜多姿，那时的苏唱街，十分热闹。

The departure of HuiBan into Beijing was Yangzhou, where talented opera singers would get together in the opera bureau on the bustling Suchang Street to deliberate the time of their departure and the plays for their performances. They would also do some practice and
even emotionally and elegantly rehearse several highlights from operas such as Youyuan and Sifan from time to time.

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家，可他小时候却被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Langfang was a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. But in his childhood, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance” without the makings of an actor.

表演者乘小马从刀丛剑林之间穿驰而过。如果技艺不精，坐骑驾驭不灵，触及刀剑，人马立毙。

The acrobat should get through the forest of swords quickly with a small running horse. If he was not skilled in driving the horse, he would be killed at once with it.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:41, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1. 京剧的表演风格是安详的，既不过分高亢激昂，也不刻意一唱三叹，从不强调暴力和血腥。

2. 梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。

3. 杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

1. The performance style of Peking Opera is serene, neither too high and passionate, nor deliberately singing and sighing, never emphasizing violence and blood.

2. Mei Lanfang is an outstanding Beijing-Kunming actor in modern times and the top figure of the "Four Famous Actors". At the same time, he is also a master of performing arts with international reputation. His performance has been promoted to one of the "three major performing systems in the world".

3. Acrobatics was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and “Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju, is was named acrobatics after Tang and Song Dynasties.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:23, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.京剧,是中华民族戏剧界长期辛勤劳动与不懈探索的艺术结晶,其历史可以追溯到十八世纪末至十九世纪初清政府统治时期。当时活跃在北京的诸多戏曲种类有昆曲、京腔、秦腔、微调、汉调、梆子等。

Beijing Opera is an artistic fruit of long-term industrious work and unremitting explore of Chinese nation’s drama circle. Its history can date back from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century when the Qing Government reigned. At that time, many kinds of traditional opera active in Beijing were Kunqu, Beijing, Shaanxi opera, fine-tuning, Han opera, Bangzi and so on.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国戏曲跨文化传播的过程中,梅兰芳先生既是第一位登上世界舞台的京剧艺术家,也是第一位得到国际戏剧界和绝大多数海外观众所肯定的中国戏剧名家。

During the process of cross-cultural exchanges of Chinese traditional opera, Mr. Mei Lanfang is the first artist of Beijing Opera to step onto the world stage and the first drama master who has been recognized by the international theatrical circle and most overseas audience as well. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.临泉是“中国民间文化艺术之乡”“中国杂技之乡”，临泉民间杂技艺术具有鲜明特色，其源于民间、活跃于民间，具有浓厚的生活生产气息，同时又有着中原文化的奔放、厚重、自由、创新，深受广大人民群众喜爱。

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan possesses distinguished features which originated from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan bearing distinguished features derived from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.京剧在文学、表演、音乐、舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expressions in various aspects such as literature, performance, music, and stage art.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatic art has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, which were called "Hundred Operas" in the Han Dynasty and "San Yue" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called acrobatics in order to distinguish them from other songs, dances and performances.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.京剧前身是清初流行于江南地区，以唱吹腔、高拨子、二黄为主的徽班。徽班流动性强，与其他剧种接触频繁，在声腔上互有交流渗透，因此在发展过程中也搬演了不少昆腔戏，还吸收了啰啰腔和其他一些杂曲。

The predecessor of Bejing Opera was the Anhui Opera combo, which was popular in Jiangnan in the early Qing Dynasty, and mainly featured by music for voices and blowing, the instrument high plectrum, and the erhuang tune. With its high mobility, frequent contact with other operas, and mutual communication and penetration of music for voices, the Anhui Opera also adopted a lot of elements of kunqu opera and absorbed lo lo tunes and other miscellaneous operas in the process of development.

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。形成独特的艺术风格。其中最能体现梅派艺术代表剧有《霸王别姬》《贵妃醉酒》《穆桂英挂帅》等。

Mei Lanfang's life embodied the dedication spirit of continuous innovation and striving for perfection. He integrated the creative ideas of many artistic fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera, so that the singing and performing arts of Dan in Beijing Opera reached the perfect realm and became a far-reaching school. It has formed a unique artistic style.The most representative repertoires of the Mei School are "Conqueror Xiang Yu Parts with His Concubine", "The Drunken Beauty", and "Mu Guiying Takes Command".

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is first of all reflected in the fact that its various repertoires have become a series, possessing the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unique among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 08:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1、京剧在文学、表演、音乐和舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

In the aspects of literature, performing, music and fine arts on the stage, Beijing Opera has a set of standardized forms of artistic presentation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his fifty years of performing life, Mei Lanfang developed and advanced the singing and performing art of the leading female role in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with unique styles called “Mei School”.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3、现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。

Modern acrobatics specifically refers to the performing programs which require the actors to do a set of highly difficult actions using their skills of body movement.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

京剧的脸谱几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。

The facial makeup of Peking Opera has almost become a representative mark and symbol of Chinese culture as many countries often have a big one on their posters at activities of the "Year of Chinese Culture" .

梅兰芳是旦角演员，和程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“京剧四大名旦”。

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dan in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dans in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技作为中华传统文化,源远流长,传承两千余年。从先秦的"角抵戏"起源,到汉唐成为融诗、歌、舞于一体的"百戏",再到元明清之时融入戏曲、歌舞表演而为"杂戏"。

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it became to "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties , and by combining opera, song and dance as "Miscellaneous opera" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:35, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it evolved into "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties and "Miscellaneous opera" by combining opera, song and dance in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==
1.戏服通常是京剧最有辨识度的特征，其色彩和设计都十分绚丽。它们大多采用手工缝制和刺绣方式制作。戏服采用传统图案所以具有很高的审美价值。

Often the most recognizable feature of Beijing Opera, the costumes are brilliant in color and design. They are mostly made using hand sewing and embroidery. As the traditional Chinese patterns are adopted, the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.《贵妃醉酒》是梅兰芳的代表作之一。梅兰芳生动地表演出贵妃的失意、醉后的媚态和美貌，使此剧名声大噪。戏中有许多高难度动作，包括只用牙齿咬住杯子喝水，向后弯腰把水杯放在托盘上等。

The Drunken Concubine is one of the masterpieces by Mei Lan-Fang. Mei had made this play famous by his vivid performance reflecting the concubine's disappointment, her drunken charming, and her beauty. There are many movements difficult to perform, including drinking a cup with the performer's teeth only and placing the cup on the tray by bending over backwards.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技有极大的适应性，表演形式、场所多样化。广场、剧场、街巷、客房，多至百人大荟萃，小至一人的现场即席献艺。正是这种广泛的适应性使其能千古犹存。

Chinese acrobatics is extremely adaptable, with diverse performance forms and venues. It can be performed in squares, theaters, alleys, and guest rooms, in large gatherings of hundreds of people, or as small as a one-man live performance. It is this wide adaptability that has enabled it to survive for thousands of years.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.中国的传统戏曲京剧形成于道光年间，最初是被封建统治者称之为俚俗文化而加以排斥的。随着京剧艺术的日臻完美，以及京剧社会地位的日益提高，清朝统治者对京剧也逐渐发生了兴趣，从而使京剧进入了宫廷。

Beijing opera, the traditional Chinese opera, was formed during the Daoguang period and was initially rejected by the feudal rulers as slang culture. As the art of Beijing opera became more and more perfect and its social status gradually increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, which brought Beijing opera into the court.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

Beijing opera, one of the schools of traditional Chinese opera, took shape during the Daoguang period. Considered as a slang culture, it was repeled by the feudal rulers. As Beijing opera grew more mature and its social status increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, thus bringing it into the court.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

Mei Lanfang’s life embodies the professionalism of continuous innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Beijing Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Beijing Opera a perfect realm, and thus has bacome the most influential genre in the Danish industry.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

During Mei’s whole life, he embodied the dedication spirit of continuously pursuing innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative artistic ideas into the performances of Beijing Opera and perfected its singing and performing arts, making Mei’s school a far-reaching one of Dan.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in the series of its various programs which have the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in its programs systems which cover the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is rarely seen in the performing arts of other countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.Beijing Opera is developed from absorbing many other dramatic forms, mostly from the local drama 'Huiban' which was popular in South China during the 18th century. It is a scenic art integrating music, performance, literature, aria, and face-painting.

京剧是从吸收许多其他戏剧形式而发展而来的，主要是从18世纪在华南流行的本地话剧《回班》中获得的。这是一种结合了音乐，表演，文学，咏叹调和面部绘画的风景艺术。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧是在吸收了许多其他戏曲形式的基础上发展起来的，主要是从18世纪流行于中国南方的地方戏曲“徽班”中发展而来。这是集音乐、表演、文学、咏叹调、脸谱于一体的舞台艺术。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.He played mostly female roles, becoming especially known for his portrayal of the “Flower-Shattering Diva”; his style of dance won such acclaim over the years that it came to be known as the “Mei Lanfang school.”

他主要扮演女性角色，以对“花碎女神”的刻画而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅兰芳学校”。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他主要扮演女性角色，并因其在《天女散花》的表演而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅派”。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats tend to emphasize balance and extreme flexibility more than the troupes do in Russia or the West. This might be due to the influence of martial arts styles that emphasize developing fine flexibility and balance.

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极端的灵活性。这可能是由于武术风格的影响，强调发展出良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极度柔韧性。这可能是受武术的影响，即在武术中强调发展良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

20201116 cult

2020-11-23T07:54:56Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

1.An all-round top-notch performer of Beijing Opera, for instance, must be good- looking or attractive when appearing in make-up, of pleasing physical proportions, with a pair of expressive eyes and a rich variety of facial expressions.

例如，京剧的一位顶级表演者在化妆时必须好看或有吸引力，具有令人愉悦的身体比例，一双富有表情的眼睛和丰富多样的面部表情。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

例如，一位多才多艺的一流京剧演员上妆后必须要好看或有吸引力，有漂亮的身材比例，一双有表现力的眼睛及丰富的面部表情。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. He was the first to change the tradition that female characters paid attention only to the art of singing or acrobatic skills.

他是第一个改变传统的女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧的传统。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他是第一个改变女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧这种传统的人。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中汲取了丰富的素材。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1 京剧以历史故事为主要演出内容，传统剧目约有一千三百多个，常演的在三四百个以上。

The main performance of Peking Opera is historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional repertoires, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of “Dan” in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

In his career of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of the Dan role in Peking Opera, forming a unique art school, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3 解放后，杂技艺术获得新生。杂技艺术从简单的技巧表演发展到有乐队、舞蹈、灯光等配合的综合艺术表演。

After liberation, acrobatics gained a new life. Acrobatics have developed from simple technical performances to comprehensive art performances with bands, dances, and lighting.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法，由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的模式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing Opera facial makeup is a kind of special makeup method with national characteristic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate style, like singing, playing music according to the music score, it is called “facial makeup in operas”. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅派最大的特点就是没有特点，抓住某一个特点很难抓，讲究的是范本之美，一招一式、一字一腔、发声运气都强调非常规范。

The main feature of the Mei Langfang school is featurelessness. It is quite difficult to capture one characteristic from the school as it focuses on the beauty of model. Every gesture and motion, word and tune, and the process of modulating air current to utter the sound all follows the requirements of the model. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 跟头本来是杂技技巧中重要一项，在清代戏曲中，它被戏曲表演所吸收化用在方方面面，故清末有所谓“京剧里的跟斗，杂技里的顶”的俗话。

Turning a somersaults is an important skill in acrobatics. During the Qing Dynasty, it was absorbed by opera and became a part of its performance. Therefore, there is an old saying in the late Qing Dynasty, "Where there is somersault in Beijing opera, there is handstand in acrobatics". --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.清初，京城戏曲舞台上盛行昆曲与京腔。乾隆中叶后，昆曲渐而衰落，京腔兴盛取代昆曲一统京城舞台。

During the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu opera and Beijing accent were frequently performed on the stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qing period, Kunqu opera gradually declined and was replaced by the Beijing accent, which started to prosper and dominate the Beijing stage.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera and Beijing accent prevailed on the opera stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qianlong period, Kunqu opera gradually declined, and the prosperity of Beijing accent replaced Kunqu opera to dominate the Beijing stage.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳苦涩地回忆着这几年的沧桑历程，心境忧闷地对朋友说：“一个演员正在表演力旺盛之际，因为抵抗恶劣的社会环境，而蓄须谢绝舞台演出，连嗓子都不敢吊，这种痛苦我无法用语言来形容。我之所以绘画，一半是为了维持生活，一半是借此消遣。否则，我真是要憋死了。”

Looking back the past bitter years, Mei Lanfang said to her friend in a depressing mood, "A singer was forced to step back from the stage due to the adverse social environment and was even afraid to do vioce exercises. This kind of sorrow was beyond words. I chose to draw both for livelihood and amusement, otherwise, I will suffer to death."

3.春秋战国时代很多杂技艺术的创造者是诸侯的门客和武士，他们以一技之长，投身公卿大夫，并不完全为了表演，但关键时候，却往往以其技辅助主人，创造出一些轰轰烈烈的事业。

A great number of creators of acrobatics during the Spring and Autumn(770-476 BC) and Warring States(475-221 BC) periods belong to hangers-on and men of great physical prowess of the feudal princes. They go and seek refuge with high-ranking officials in court by dint of their professional skill though not wholly for performing. However, they would always rely on this skill to assist their masters to achive a grand career.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. Some of the newer operas were adopted from literature and classical novels during the rise of communism.

在共产主义兴起期间，一些较新的歌剧被文学和古典小说所采用。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

共产主义崛起时期，一些新歌剧改编自文学和古典小说。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.At age 13 he joined the Xiliancheng Theatrical Company and, through performances in Shanghai and elsewhere, acquired a national reputation.

13岁那年，他加入了戏联城剧院公司，并通过在上海和其他地方的演出获得了全国声誉。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

13岁那年，他加入了“喜连成”戏剧班，在上海和全国各地进行演出，享誉全国。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The acrobats may perform scenes from popular legends, stories, or novels of the ancient past such as The Monkey King.

杂技演员可以表演诸如《孙悟空》之类的古代传说，故事或小说中的场景。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技演员可以表演诸如《美猴王》之类的民间传说、故事或古代小说中的场景。--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:45, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

1.京剧被视为中国的国剧，有着悠久的历史和完整的舞台表演体系。它最初是安徽省的一种地方剧。京剧吸收了其前身的各种元素，如唱歌、跳舞和杂技，并在语言和演唱风格上为北京观众做了调整。随着时间的推移，京剧在全国各地广受欢迎，成为中国舞台上最流行、影响力最大的戏剧形式。

Peking Opera is regarded as the national opera in China. It has a long history and a complete system of stage performance. It was originally a local drama in Anhui Province.Peking Opera absorbed various elements of its forerunner, such as singing，dancing and acrobatics，and adapted itself in language and style of singing for Beijing audiences. As time went by，it gained popularity all over the country and became the most popular and influential dramatic form on Chinese stage.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Meilanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue.

3.杂技是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。

Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensive use of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.
--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 05:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 京剧，曾称平剧，中国五大戏曲剧种之一。场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏。

Beijing Opera, once called pingju, is one of the five major operas in China.The scene layout pays attention to freehand brushwork, tone to xipi, erhuang mainly, with the accompaniment of huqin, gongs and drums.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳成功地进行了一系列京剧艺术的改革，为整个戏剧文化的改革发展提供了榜样，对今天戏剧文化的发展具有重要的提示意义。

Mei Lanfang successfully made a series of reformation of Beijing opera and made an example of the opera culture reformation, which laid an important influence on the today's opera culture.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang has successfully carried out a series of reforms of Beijing Opera art, which provids an example for the reform and development of the whole drama culture, and is of great significance to the development of drama culture today.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 吴桥县是中国杂技的发源地，其杂技历史悠久，表演艺术完善，为中外人士所熟知。据说，当地的人都或多或少地会表演杂技，不管他是99岁还是刚学会走路。

With a long acrobatics history and perfect performing arts, Wuqiao county is well known by Chinese people and foreigners as the birthplace of the famous Chinese acrobatics. It is said that the local people there are all able to perform acrobatics more or less, no matter he is just 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Wuqiao County is the origin of Chinese acrobatics, with long acrobatic history and perfect performing arts, known to Chinese and foreign people. It is said that locals can perform acrobatics more or less, whether he is 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1.2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

In May 2006, Beijing Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Then in 2010, it was included as representatives in the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his stage lifetime of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developd and improved the singing and performing arts of the role "Dan" in Beijing Opera, finally formed an art school with a unique style, whinch is known as "Mei" school.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2,000 years in China. It was called "baixi" in the Han Dynasty, "Sanle" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Later in the Tang and Song dynasties, it was called "Acrobatics" in order to distinguish from other songs, dances and zaju.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、京剧是融唱念做打于一体的戏剧表演形式，19世纪中期，孕育于民间，融合了中国南北方戏剧元素的京剧，在北京发展成熟，广泛流布于全国。

Beijing opera is a kind of opera performances which consists of singing, reading, doing and playing. Being conceived in Chinese folk and developing into maturity in Beijing, it integrated opera elements from north and south China and was spread widely across the country.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2、绘画大师刘海粟：“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。”

The drawing master Liu Haisu once said:”If drawing an analogy with painting, Mr Mei’s performance style should be a painting of heavy-colored peonies with ink-wash flowers and leaves, being free and easy amongst elegance, shading appropriate, and being showy but not vulgar. ”--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a long history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called “Bai Xi”(a general term for folk performing arts) in the Han dynasty and “San Yue”(a synonym of Bai Xi) in the Sui and Tang dynasties. It was not until the Tang and Song dynasties that we had the name “Za Ji”(Acrobatics) for it in order to distinguish it from songs and dances as well as other performing arts. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC) Gao Mingzhu

1. Beijing Opera is a theatrical performance form that combines singing, reading, doing and playing. In the mid-19th century, Beijing Opera, born from the folklore, which combined elements from the north and south of China, matured in Beijing and became widespread throughout the country.

2. Liu Haisu, a master painter said that Mr. Mei’ s performance, if compared to the painting, should be a heavy-colored peony flower with heavy brushwork, while the flowers and leaves are painted in ink, showing a free expression of grace and elegance, appropriate in intensity and lightness, bright but not vulgar.

3. The art of acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. In Han Dynasty, it was called “Baixi”; in Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called “Sanle”; after Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called acrobatics in order to distinguish it from other dances and operas.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:20, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Grosheva, Anna==

1.The traditional operas consist of main tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors and empresses, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties.

传统戏曲主要包括前朝的故事，重要的历史事件，皇帝和皇后，大臣和将军，天才和大人物。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Thereafter he did both stage and film work and served as director or member of several cultural organizations.

此后，他从事舞台和电影工作，并担任多个文化组织的导演或成员。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats intensively practice timing and coordination. The individual performers practice cooperating precisely.

中国杂技演员集中练习时间安排和协调。各个表演者练习精确合作。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员进行高强度练习，提高时机的把握技巧和协调能力。各个表演者加强训练，提高配合默契度。--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国，成为介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。在2010年11月16日，京剧被列入“世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录”

Peking Opera is distributed all over the world, mainly in Beijing , and has become an important medium for introducing and spreading Chinese traditional art and culture. On November 16, 2010, Peking Opera was inscribed on the "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the World".

2.梅兰芳的戏剧艺术并非完全没有现实主义的成分，它并不具有立体派绘画、抽象的阿拉伯装饰或几何舞蹈设计所具有的那种涵义。跟它确切相似的是中国绘画和雕刻。遗留在我们记忆里的是对他们的抽象画和装饰性的印象，但是我们往往对那种精确性感到惊讶，自然界，一片叶子，一束花朵，一只鸟，一只手，一件斗篷，都被观察得极为精确细致，同时我们也对它们那具有特征的细节所呈现的使人眼花缭乱的色彩缤纷标志感到惊奇。

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. Its exact resemblance is to Chinese painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprized at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed with great precision and detail, and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic detail!

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. It bears a close resemblance to Chinses painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprize at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic details.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:49, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Around the Neolithic period, acrobatics had already sprouted in China. The labor skills developed by primitive man in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical abilities created in self-defense were reproduced as a technical performance of self-entertaining games during rest and recreation, while expressing the joy of their hunt and victory, which led to the earliest acrobatic art.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.京剧是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服饰、脸谱等很受观众欢迎。精致的面部化妆和华丽的服饰是京剧的两大特色。不同的服装类型反映不同人物的身份特征。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate and gorgeous facial make-up and costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate facial make-up and gorgeous costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors is an important way to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2.梅兰芳出生于京剧世家，8岁开始学习表演艺术，10岁开始登台演出，在二十世纪初成为了超级明星，使花旦成为京剧中重要的角色。在其60年的戏剧生涯中，梅兰芳演出创作了200多部剧，在唱腔、台词、舞蹈、音乐、服饰、化妆等方面做出了贡献，逐渐形成了自己独特的风格，被称为“梅派”。

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to laern the performing art at eight,to make his debut at ten and become a super star in the early 20 centuries,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his unique style, the so called ‘Mei School’.

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to learn the performing art at eight and made his debut at ten, a super star in the early 20th century,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his own unique style, called ‘Mei School’. --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.中国杂技(acrobatics)有着悠久的历史和浓郁的民族特色。它是中国人最喜爱的艺术形式之一。杂技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它与人们的生产和日常生活有着密切的联系。表演的道具(props)包括碗、盘子和梯子等。在旧中国，因为被封建阶级(feudal class)瞧不起，杂技从未在剧场里表演过。自新中国成立以来，中国政府大力发展民族艺术，使杂技获得了新的生命。

The Chinese acrobatics has a long history and rich national flavor. It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms.It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms. Acrobatics combines strength and skill. It closely relates to people's production and daily life activities with props being bowls, plates, ladders, and so on. In old China, acrobatics was never performed in theatres because it was looked down upon by the feudal class. Since the founding of new China, the Chinese government has made great efforts to develop national arts, giving acrobatics a new life.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:15, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。

It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts. It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”。京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue. The heroine of “Dou E’s Grievance” is a typical “Qingyi” character.

3.吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。

Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey, know some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 05:48, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==
1-The Beijing Opera is considered the quintessential Chinese performance art. It originated in Beijing but has spread all around China to become a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining singing, dancing, dialogue and martial arts, it has five main types of characters: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou. These refer to male characters, female characters, forceful characters, middle-aged male characters and comedic figures respectively. Because the Beijing Opera was originally a feature of the imperial palace, it had stricter requirements for the performance, costumes, makeup and songs.

京剧被认为是中国典型的表演艺术。它起源于北京，但已遍布中国各地，成为中国文化的象征。结合唱歌，跳舞，对话和武术，它具有五个主要类型的字符：圣，旦，京，莫，仇。这些分别指男性角色，女性角色，有力角色，中年男性角色和喜剧人物。由于京剧最初是皇宫的特色，因此对表演，服装，化妆和歌曲有更严格的要求。

2-Mei Lanfang, Wade-Giles Romanization Mei Lan-fang, (born October 22, 1894, Beijing, China—died August 8, 1961, Beijing), Chinese theatrical performer, one of the greatest singer-actor-dancers in Chinese history.

梅兰芳（Wade-Giles Romanization）梅兰芳（1894年10月22日生于中国北京，1961年8月8日卒于北京），中国戏曲演员，中国历史上最伟大的歌手，演员和舞者之一。

3-Chinese acrobats focus especially on developing strength in the waist and legs. Strong abdominal muscles are the key to all precisely controlled movement involving the torso. Strong legs are essential for maintaining perfect balance while standing on a tightrope or other objects or on other acrobats.

中国的杂技演员特别注重腰部和腿部力量的发展。强大的腹部肌肉是所有精确控制躯干运动的关键。站立在绳索或其他物体或其他杂技演员上时，强壮的腿对于保持完美的平衡至关重要。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 12:07, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

1. 京剧结合音乐，杂技舞蹈和壮观的服饰，讲述中国历史和民间传说的故事。演员使用富有戏剧性意义的抽象，象征性手势，代表了英雄，神圣和动物界的人物，常常是在武术中使用。面具般的妆容和精致服装的传统特征立即为认识的观众标识了角色。

Beijing Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and floklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.

Beijing Opera, combining music and acrobatic dance with spectacular costumes, tells stories from Chinese history and floklore. Often in martial arts, the actors plays the role from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds by using abstract and symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰，艺名梅兰芳，是中国现代戏剧中著名的京剧演员。梅兰芳被称为“京剧大师”。他以女性角色“旦”而出名，尤其以青衣为主，即年轻或中年的优雅女子。梅兰芳和尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生一起，被誉为“四大名旦”。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lan, with a stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei Lanfang was famed as "Queen of Peking Opera". He was exclusively famous for his femal role "Dan" and particularly his verdant-robed girl "Qingyi", namely, young or middle-aged elegance woman. He was fameded the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lan, whose stage name was Mei Lanfang, represented one of the most famous Peking Opera actors in the history of modern Chinese opera. He was also famed as "the Master of Peking Opera". And he was notable for his performance as a female character "Dan", especially "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), namely, young or middle-aged elegant women. Mei Lanfang, as well as Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng, was fameds as "the Four Great Dan".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:46, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技是各种技艺表演的总和，以高、难、险、奇而和谐的技能为特征。杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、绳技、顶碗、滚杯等。

Characterized by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills, acrobatics is the sum of various performances, its artistic language mainly includes super-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling, and cup rolling.

--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 02:48, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics is the sum of various technical performances, marked by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills. It’s artistic language is the highly-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling and cup rolling. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

京剧是18世纪末至19世纪初融合安徽和湖北京剧风格的产物。

2. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy. He made his debut at the age of 11 and became well-known before he reached 20.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。他在11岁时首次亮相，并在20岁之前就广为人知。梅兰芳出生于北京的一个京剧世家。他从小就开始学习戏剧艺术，11岁时首次表演，并在20岁之前就广为人知。--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:33, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Chinese Acrobatics became an independent and highly skilled art form about 2,000 years ago. Han Dynasty acrobatics programs included items such as walking on a tight rope, along with conjuring tricks such as legerdemain, knife swallowing and fire eating.

大约2000年前，中国杂技成为一种独立的高技能艺术形式。汉代的杂技节目包括紧绳走动等项目，还有莱格德（Legerdemain），吞刀和吞火等魔术。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 03:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技大约在2000年前就已经成为一种独立的艺术形式，而且技术要求很高。在汉代，杂技节目涵盖了走钢丝，以及变戏法、吞剑和吞火等魔术等表演。--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:18, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.中国的京剧舞台，呈现的是浓厚的色彩之美，是一种错彩镂金的绚烂之美。

China's Peking Opera radiates with the beauty of resplendent color——vivid, intense and glamorous.

2. 梅兰芳在舞台上的容貌、服饰、舞姿、身段、唱腔，无一处不美。

Mei Lanfang's appearance, costumes, dance, movements and singing onstage are all extremely striking.

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。

Chinese Acrobatics has a profound history and is honored as a precious and fine cultural heritage of the Chinese people.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:08, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.京剧是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，另外四种分别为越剧、黄梅戏、评剧和豫剧。

Peking Opera is one of the five major operas in China. The other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.

Beijing Opera is one of the five major operas in China, and the other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。他所取得的辉煌成就，给我们留下了弥足珍贵的艺术遗产，他为中国戏剧艺术做出的杰出贡献，将永载戏剧史册。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a Beijing Opera master admired by the world. His unique "Mei school" art has enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us a precious artistic heritage. His outstanding contributions to Chinese drama will be forever recorded in the history of drama.

Mr. Mei Lanfang, a master of Beijing Opera, is admired by the world. His unique “Mei School” art enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us with precious artistic heritage, and his outstanding contribution to Chinese drama will be recorded in the history of drama forever.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技大约在新石器时代就已经萌芽。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。汉代，角抵戏的内容更充实，品种更丰富，技艺更高超。到东汉时，则形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心，汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout in the Neolithic age. After the unification of China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from other countries and formed an entertainment acrobatic program called Jiaodi opera. In the Han Dynasty, the content of Jiaodi opera was more substantial, the variety was richer, and the skill was more excellent. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of "Baixi" system with acrobatics as the center and various performing arts in one hall was formed.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout around the Neolithic Age. After unifying China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from various countries and formed an entertaining acrobatic program called Jiaodi Opera. In the Han Dynasty, Jiaodi Opera was richer in content, more abundant in variety and more excellent in skill. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety named “Baixi” was formed. It was a system which centered on acrobatic art and brought together various performing arts.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 京剧结合了音乐、杂技舞蹈和华贵的戏服来讲述中国历史和民间传说。演员使用抽象的象征性手势，富有戏剧性的含义，饰演英雄、神和动物世界的人物，并且通常是军功累累。

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. With abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:51, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子。

2. Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a child, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in apperance,” without the markings of an actor. In his childhood, Mei Lanfang was a neglected child.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a neglected child, he was considered to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance,” not a talent for performing.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国杂技是一门结合了身体力量和技巧的表演艺术。它是最受中国人欢迎的艺术形式之一。杂技在中国已经存在了两千多年。早在战国时期就已经出现了杂技的雏形。到了汉代，杂技或“百戏”进一步丰富了其内容和种类。古往今来，杂技表演融入了许多不同的表演艺术，例如传统戏剧、舞蹈和武术的优点，作为回报，它也为后者提供了灵感。

3. The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills. It is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills, which is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, emphasizing on the imaginative, the accent of which is mainly Xi Pi and Er Huang, accompanied by Huqin, gongs and drums, is the result of the continuous exchange and fusion between the four Anhui classes in the Qing Dynasty, who entered Beijing one after another, and collaborated with the Chinese opera artists in Hubei Province, while accepting parts of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera, and absorbing local folk tunes. It has travelled all over the world and became an important medium for introducing and spreading traditional Chinese art and culture.

二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School. The art of male dancers emerged in the history of Peking Opera as the "Mei Shangcheng Xun" the Four Great Dancers, bringing the entire Peking Opera to its peak, which was an important sign of its prosperity.

广义的杂技是各种超常技艺的统称，在原始艺术综合发展的阶段，它与乐舞不分，成为当时文化的主导。

Acrobatics in a broad sense is a collective term for a variety of extraordinary skills which, at the stage of integrated development of the primitive arts, became dominant in the culture of the time with an integration with music and dancing .--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:25, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，被视为中国国粹，位列中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”，是中国和世界的非物质文化遗产。京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China. It is regarded as the quintessence of Chinese culture and ranked the top among the three operas in China. And it is an intangible cultural heritage of China and the world. With setting featuring freehand style, Peking Opera holds Xipi and Er'huang as its main tunes, accompanied by huqin, gong, drum and so on. The four Hui Combos of the Qing Dynasty successively entered Beijing and cooperated with Han melody artists from Hubei province. At the same time, they assimilated some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qinqiang Opera, absorbed local folk tunes, then became the crystallization of continuous communication and integration. Advancing around the world, Peking Opera plays a vital role in introducing and disseminating Chinese art and culture.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳（名澜，字畹华，1894年10月22日－1961年8月8日），出生于北京，祖籍江苏泰州，中国京剧表演艺术大师，与程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“四大名旦”。其生前曾任中国京剧院院长、中国戏曲研究院院长、中国戏剧家协会副主席。在梅兰芳50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。其代表作有《贵妃醉酒》、《天女散花》、《打渔杀家》等。 1961年8月8日，梅兰芳因病在北京病逝，享年67岁。

Mei Lanfang ( personal name, Lan, style name Wanhua, October 22, 1894 - August 8, 1961), was born in Beijing, with ancestral home in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. He is a grand master of Chinese Peking Opera performing art, who, together with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng, is known as the "four greatest Dans". He was the president of the Chinese Peking Opera Theatre, president of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Opera, and vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists' Association. During his more than 50 years of performing life, he developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan in Peking Opera, and formed an artistic school with a unique style, known as the "Mei School". His representative works include Drunken Concubine, Heavenly Maids scattering blossoms, Revolt of the Fishing Folks, etc. On August 8, 1961, Mei Lanfang died of illness in Beijing at the age of 67.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技是集平衡、敏捷、运动协调等非凡技艺于一体的表演。许多表演艺术、运动赛事以及武术中都有其身影。

Acrobatics is the performance of extraordinary feats of balance, agility, motor coordination and so on. It can be found in many of the performing arts as well as in many sports events, and martial arts. --[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 京剧《贵妃醉酒》取材于中国唐朝帝王唐玄宗的宠妃杨玉环的部分人生经历，通过优美的动作和华美的唱词、曲调，表达杨贵妃由期盼到失望，再到怨恨的复杂心情。

The Peking Opera The Drunken Beauty is based on some life experiences of Yang Yuhuan, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in China. Through beautiful movements, gorgeous lyrics and tunes, it expresses Yang Guifei's complex mood from expectation to disappointment and resentment.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's whole life embodies his dedication to his diligence of continuous innovation and Excellence. He has integrated his creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Peking Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera perfect and becoming a far-reaching school in female roles.

3. 中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。

Acrobatic art in China has a long history, which is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

With a time-honored history, Acrobatic is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1.京剧是国粹，是积淀了民族审美习惯和文化传统的艺术瑰宝。中国人含蓄、稳健、精致、典雅的精神品格在京剧艺术里有着最丰富、最集中、最生动的体现。

Peking Opera is a national treasure that has accumulated national aesthetic habits and cultural traditions. The subtlety, steadfastness, refinement and elegance of the Chinese spirit are most abundant, concentrated and vividly embodied in the art of Peking Opera.

2.梅兰芳是一个稀世之才,一个中国奉献给世界的超级明星。在他精彩纷呈的艺术生涯之外,梅先生本人的人生故事,也和他演绎的那些才子佳人的悲欢离台一样真实,甚至更为美丽。

Mei Lanfang was a rare talent, a superstar that China dedicated to the world. In addition to his brilliant artistic career, Mr. Mei's own life story is just as real, if not more beautiful, than his rendition of the tragic and joyous departure of those talented and beautiful women from the stage.

3.民间杂技是一种有着两千五百多年历史的民间表演艺术，深深地根植于民众的土壤之中，有着悠久的历史和深厚的传统。

The folk traditional acrobatics is one kind of folk performing art with a history of 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces soil with a long history and deep tradition.

--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 12:47, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The folk acrobatics is a kind of performing art extending for more than 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces with a long history and deep tradition.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:08, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、京剧享誉全国，影响甚广，有"国剧"之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is well known throughout the country and has a wide influence. It is called "National opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as a representative of the Oriental drama performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important manifestation of Chinese traditional culture, in which various artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.

2、梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首，“梅派”艺术创始的人；同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。在西方人的眼中，梅兰芳就是京剧的代名词。

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding actor of Jingkun Dan in modern times, the first of the "four famous Dan" and the founder of the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding female lead heroine in Beijing and Kun operas in modern times, ranked first among the "four famous Dan("Dan" referring to female characters in Beijing Opera)" and founded the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、特别重视腰腿顶功的训练是中国杂技的第一个特点。中国杂技自古重视顶功。汉代画像砖石和壁画、陶俑中，有许多拿顶和翻筋斗的形象。中国杂技艺人，即使是表演古代戏法的演员也要有扎实的功夫基础。

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics isthat stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. In the han Dynasty, there are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 04:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kaungxi

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics is that it stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. There are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures which belong to Han dynasty. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Li Lili 李丽丽==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and across all over the country.

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, spreading across all over the country with Beijing as the center.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan roles in Peking Opera in his more than 50 years of stage life, forming an art school with unique style, known as "Mei school" .

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。在我国古代文献中，很早就有关于杂技的文学记载了。

Acrobatics enjoys a history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and "Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. But it was called acrobatics after this period in order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju. It has been long recorded in ancient Chinese literature.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:37, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

1. 京剧是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。然而，京剧发展当前存在一些问题：一是创作人才匮乏；二是缺乏固定的演出场所；三是经费投入不足。令人担忧的是京剧是否会像旧城区一样，成为中国疯狂的商业化和现代化进程的牺牲品。

Beijing Opera is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and all over the country. In May 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first national intangible heritage list. However, it has encountered some problems, including the lack of creative talents, fixed performance venues, and investment funds. The worry, though, is that, like the old neighborhoods, Beijing opera could fall victim to China’s rampant commercialism and modernization. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云和苟慧生被合称为京剧四大名旦，梅兰芳被公认为是中国表演艺术的代表。在他的演艺生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了自己的风格，并且成立了“梅兰芳京剧学校”。

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest artists of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest female role players of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and establishing “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。 “杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。近年来，中国杂技界以发展先进文化为己任，与时俱进，已经成为对外文化交流，弘扬中华民族优秀文化的重要渠道。

In China, acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years. The term “acrobatics” was given by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was founded. Over the years, the Chinese Acrobatics Society has been developing advanced culture and keeping pace with the times. It has become an significant channel for advancing foreign cultural exchanges and promoting the brilliant culture of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese acrobatic troupe was founded in 1950. In recent years, China's acrobatic circle has taken the development of advanced culture as its own responsibility and kept pace with the times, which has become an important channel for foreign cultural exchange and the promotion of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1. 京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless artists,the stage art of Beijing Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized patterns that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature,performance,music,singing,gongs and drums,makeup and facial makeup.

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融入了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派，形成独特的艺术风格。

Mei Lanfang’life embodies the dedication of continuous innovation and perfection.He has integrated the creative ideas of many arts fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera,making the singing and performing arts of Dan (the female roles in Beijing Opera) reach a perfect state,thus becoming a far-reaching school in Dan and forming a unique artistic style.

3. 近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍布世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到与中国人民的友谊，加速了中国与这些国家友好交往的进程。

For nearly half a century,Chinese acrobats have performed all over the world,displaying their artistic style in more than 100 countries in 5 continents.Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupe,and felt their friendship with Chinese people in their artistic performances,which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 06:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing Opera, or Ping Opera and Jing Opera, is the most influential opera in China, which centered in Beijing and extend all over the nation.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.电影《梅兰芳》讲述了一代京剧大师梅兰芳先生传奇的一生。围绕着这两个人之间的故事展开的，以梅兰芳引路人和保护者自居的邱如白因为不能忍受梅兰芳和孟小东的爱情，在幕后导演了刺杀梅兰芳的事件。

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera. The main content of the film was Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill him for his falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera Mei Lanfang's whole life. The main content is Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill Mei for Mei's falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:34, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。"杂技"一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

The modern acrobatics refers to the acrobat completes a series of complicated actions by his movement skills. The name “Zaji” was settled by Premiere Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the China National Acrobatic Troupe was founded.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、在表演艺术上广征博采吸取诸家剧种之长，融于徽戏之中。兼之演出阵容齐整，上演的剧目丰富，颇受京城观众欢迎。自魏长生被迫离京，秦腔不振，秦腔艺人为了生计，纷纷搭入徽班，形成了徽、秦两腔融合的局面。

In terms of performance art, it draws on the strengths of all kinds of plays and incorporates them into the Huizhou opera. In addition, with a complete performance lineup and a rich repertoire, it was quite popular with the audience in the capital. Since Wei Changsheng was forced to leave the capital, the Qin opera was sluggish, and the Qin opera artists, in order to make a living, had to join the Hui class, forming a fusion of Hui and Qin operas.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。梅兰芳的艺术造诣正如北大书法史巨匠李志敏的狂草一样耐人回味，可谓炉火纯青、臻入胜境。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the art of singing and performing the female roles in Peking Opera, forming a unique school of art with a unique style, known as the "Mei School. Mei Lanfang's artistic attainments are just as evocative as the wild grasses of Li Zhimin, a master calligrapher at Peking University, which can be said to be pure and perfect.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、南北朝时期，各族艺术交流频繁，使这一时期的杂技呈现出兼收并蓄，多姿多彩的特点，不仅民间基础丰厚，而且各朝宫廷表演也异彩纷呈。

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful, not only with a rich folk base, but also with various court performances.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful. As such, the acrobatics not only had a rich folk foundation, but also had a variety of court performances. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:42, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 京剧的历史可以追溯到1790年，当时四大徽班进京演出，为庆祝清朝乾隆皇帝的80大寿。这次演出轰动一时，因此戏班也留在了北京。

Beijing Opera dates back to the year 1790, when the famous Four Anhui Opera Troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The tour was a hit and the troupes stayed.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 在他的演绎生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了他自己的风格，并且成立了“梅派”。

Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming "The Mei Lanfang School".--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics had sprung up in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense and attack formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==

1.京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School"

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad.

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing opera has been widely spread all over the country and is known as "National Opera". The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental drama performance system and one of the three major performance systems in the world. Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, in which a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧形成初期，以梅巧玲为代表的一代老前辈艺术家开启了京剧男旦艺术的篇章。梅巧玲开创的梅派艺术，对京剧旦角表演艺术的提高与发展做出了卓越的贡献，也成为了梅派男旦的重要奠基人。到第二代梅派传人梅巧玲之子梅竹芬承父衣钵，良好地继承了梅巧玲的唱法，他对梅派艺术的传承功不可没。

In the early stage of the formation of Peking Opera, Mei Qiaoling, as the representative of the older generation of artists, opened the chapter of male Dan art in Peking Opera. Mei Qiaoling created the Mei school art, which made outstanding contributions to the improvement and development of the performance art of Peking Opera Dan roles, and he became the important founder of Mei school male Dan. Mei Zhufen, the son of Mei Qiaoling, the second generation descendant of Mei school, inherited Mei Qiaoling's singing style and made great contributions to the inheritance of Mei Qiaoling's art.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。汉代出土的画像砖石中对各类节目都有形象记载。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is shown that its various programs have become a series, with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world. There are vivid records of all kinds of programs in the relief bricks and stones unearthed in the Han Dynasty.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.随着社会经济的发展和戏曲声腔昆山腔的兴起，徽州商人纷纷蓄养家班，角色斗艺，并卖力为乾隆下江南收集声色歌舞，不惜重金包装徽剧色艺，客观上为徽剧进京创造了条件。

With the development of economy and the emergence of Kunshan Opera,merchants in Huizhoul successively fostered their own family troupes,competed skills and devoted to collect wonderful songs and dances for Emperor Qianlong’s coming to the south of Yangtze River.Besides,they spent numerous money in polishing the appearances and skills of those performers,which created favorable conditions for Huizhou Opera marching into the Forbidden City.

With the socio-economic development and the rise of the Kunshan opera voice, Huizhou merchants have saved up their families and roles to fight art, and worked hard for Qianlong to go to the south of the Yangtze River to collect voices and dances, at great expense to package Huizhou opera color art, which objectively created the conditions for Huizhou opera to enter the Beijing.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳之青衫亦为都中第一流人物，色艺之佳，早已名满都下二难兼并，必有特异之技艺以动人，观听者有梨园癖者自必联翩往观，第一台又将座物隙地矣。《申报》

Green shirt played by Meilanfang ranked first in Beijing for his splendid appearance and skills.Those spectators who were keen on Beijing Opera always flooded to his show and all seats were occupied.---''Shen Bao''

Mei Lanfang's blue shirt is also a first-class figure in the city, the color art of the good, has long been famous in the city two difficult to merge, there must be a special technique to move people, listeners who have a pear garden fetish will be linked to the view, the first Taiwan will be the gap between the object and the ground.---''Shen Bao''--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang’s Qingshan is also a first-rate figure in the with good color and art. It has long been known as a dilemma while there must be special skills to move people. Those who have pear garden addicts will come together to see them. The platform will be on the ground again.---''Shen Bao''-----[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.《简明不列颠百科全书》称杂技是“一种有悠久历史的专门艺术，包括跳、身体技巧和平衡动作，较晚时又使用长杆，独轮自行车、球、桶、绷床及吊架等器械”。

''Concise Encyclopedia Britanica'' calls acrobatics “a kind of special art with a long history,including jumping,body skills and balanced motions.Later,there emerged other apparatuses such as long rods,unicycles,balls,buckets and hangers,etc.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

The Concise Encyclopedia Britannica describes acrobatics as "a specialized art with a long history that includes jumping, body tricks, and balancing movements and, later, the use of instruments such as long poles, wheeled bicycles, balls, barrels, bandages, and hammocks."--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is the most influential Chinese opera genre. It is distributed in Beijing and spread all over the country.
Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is China's most influential genre of opera. It is first appeared in Beijing and then spread across China.

2. 梅兰芳（1894年10月22日－1961年8月8日），名澜，又名鹤鸣，乳名裙姊，字畹华，别署缀玉轩主人，艺名兰芳，清光绪二十年（1894年）出生于北京，祖籍江苏泰州。中国京剧表演艺术大师。
Mei Lanfang (October 22, 1894 - August 8, 1961), or Ming Lan, also known as Heming, with the stage name of Xiongzi, the pen-name Wanhua, and the master of Yuxuan, stage name Lanfang, Guangxu 20 Born in Beijing in 1894, his ancestral home is Taizhou, Jiangsu. He's a master of Chinese Peking Opera performing arts.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==
1.在京剧表演中，通常越精彩的戏越往后排，防止观众中途离场，同时营造出演出气氛节节高的效果，而排在最后的大轴戏无疑是整场演出最重头的戏码。

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and to help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and it can also help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.此后，一出又一出脱胎于传统文化经典的古装新戏在梅兰芳和梅党文人们的集体创作中连续推出，他们广泛地从昆曲和中国古典绘画、雕塑和舞蹈等艺术中吸取营养，同时又严格遵循传统京剧中的写意风格，从而真正契合了京剧从听戏向看戏转变的时代潮流。

Since then, Mei Lanfang and scholars of the Mei Party created a series of new ancient-costumed operas, based on traditional cultural classics. They extracted the essence from Kunqu Opera, classical Chinese paintings, the art of sculpting and dancing. They gave people a brand new impression on traditional Beijing Opera while preserved its traditional style. Audiences therefore gradually shifted from listening to traditional Chinese opera to watching it.

3.中国杂技艺术要创新，思想观念必须转变，体制机制必须突破。需要有新的经营理念来指导艺术生产，颠覆以往“一招鲜，吃遍天”的创作思路，形成“创意为先”、“以销定产”的新理念，认真研究演出市场，细分目标观众群，根据观众的欣赏口味创作构思。

The transformation of ideas and breakthrough of the system must be made in the innovation of Chinese acrobatic art. People need to come up with a new business philosophy in the industry as a guideline. They have to transform the previous idea of relying on the only one attraction into the new one, which is to put the creativity first and produce based on demands. They should make a careful analysis of the performance market, classify the target audience and arrange and preform based on audiences’ taste.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 08:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera Danjiao, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera for over 50 years of stage life, forming a unique style of art school, known as "Mei School" around the world.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:43, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。中国的杂技之乡有多个，像河南的濮阳东北庄、山东的菏泽，德州、聊城、江苏的盐城、河南的周口，湖北的天门、安徽的广德、天津的武清、河北的沧州吴桥、肃宁、霸州、以及2014年成为杂技之乡的广西博白等。

China's acrobatics have a long history and a long history. It is a precious and outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. There are many acrobatics hometowns in China, such as Puyang Dongbei Village in Henan, Heze in Shandong, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Yancheng in Jiangsu, Zhoukou in Henan, Tianmen in Hubei, Guangde in Anhui, Wuqing in Tianjin, Wuqiao in Cangzhou, Hebei , Suning, Bazhou, and Guangxi Bobai, which became the hometown of acrobatics in 2014.
--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 03:57, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1- 京剧已有近200年的历史。 ...它是中国所有歌剧中最重要的一部，拥有丰富的曲目和众多著名艺术家，在中国具有深远的影响。传统戏剧在保护下一代中国文化方面发挥着重要作用。

Beijing Opera has a history of nearly 200 years. ... It is the most significant of all operas in China, and it has a richness of repertoire and a large number of famous artists that give it a profound influence in China. The traditional plays share a large role in preserving Chinese culture for new generations.

2-梅兰以艺名梅兰芳而闻名，他是中国现代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家。梅被誉为“京剧皇后”。梅因其女主角而著称，尤其是他的“翠绿抢劫的女孩”，年轻或中年女性风度翩翩而又优雅。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles and particularly his "verdant-robed girls", young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement.

3- 1：杂技演员的艺术，表演或活动。 2：涉及敏捷性或复杂性的壮观，艳丽或令人震惊的表演或演示。

1 : the art, performance, or activity of an acrobat. 2 : a spectacular, showy, or startling performance or demonstration involving great agility or complexity.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种戏剧形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。

1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatrical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.Mei lanfang was a notable peking Opera artist in modern Chinese theatre and great Master of Beijing Opera. He become well-known before he reached 20.

梅兰芳是中国近代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家和京剧大师，在20岁之前就广为人知。

3.Mei lanfang,In 50 years of his career, he played more than 100 roles which are women generals,daughter of noble families and goddesses.

梅兰芳，在他的职业生涯的50年中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色是女将军，贵族家庭和女神的女儿。--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 04:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

在梅兰芳50年职业生涯中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色包括女将军、贵族之女和女神。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Beijing Opera is the most representative of all forms of traditional Chinese dramatic art.

京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术中最具代表性的.

2. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

18世纪末至19世纪初，京剧是安徽和湖北京剧风格融合的产物。

3. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。

4. As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 10:28, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1京剧或京剧，是中国戏曲的最主要形式，集音乐，演唱，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技于一体. 它起源于清朝中叶（1636年至1912年），并在19世纪中叶得到充分发展和认可.
Peking Opera is the main form of Chinese opera, which integrates music, singing, pantomime, dance and acrobatics. It originated in the middle of Qing Dynasty (1636-1912), and was fully developed and recognized in the middle of 19th century--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2梅兰芳是一位艺术收藏家，也是一位经验丰富的业余书法家。他对中国历史的兴趣促使他根据比明朝更早的原型制作了新的舞台服装. 他指出，演员应该具有良好的历史知识.
Mei Lanfang is an art collector and an experienced amateur calligrapher. His interest in Chinese history prompted him to make new stage costumes based on earlier prototypes than the Ming Dynasty. He pointed out that actors should have good knowledge of history. --[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3在中国奥运会期间，观众对中国杂技表演印象深刻.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 03:58, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
During the Chinese Olympic Games, the audience was deeply impressed by Chinese acrobatics.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1. 京剧是我国的国粹。从清末徽班进京到今天，京剧作为一种独具魅力的艺术形式，见证了社会的更替，经历了历史的淘沙。

As the quintessence of China, Beijing Opera is an art form with unique charm, which has witnessed the change of society and gone through the course of history since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Anhui Opera has been in Beijing until today.

Peking opera is the quintessence of our country. From the time when Huiban entered Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty to today, Peking Opera, as a uniquely glamorous art form, has witnessed the transformation of society and experienced the sandstorm of history.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳先生是一个爱国主义者，在抗日战争期间，他坚决拒绝为敌演出，有着强烈的爱国情感和崇高的民族气节。

Mei Lanfang was a patriot. During the Anti-Japanese War, he resolutely refused to perform for the enemy with a strong sense of patriotism and lofty national integrity.

3. 中国杂技从石器时代就已经开始了，古人在日常的劳作和捕猎过程中，逐渐的创造出令人惊叹的超强体能，捕猎成功庆祝之时，就有人开始展现自己创造的神器绝活，慢慢的这种绝活演变成了娱乐表演，也就形成了最早的杂技表演形式。

Chinese acrobatics has begun since the Stone Age, at that time, ancient people gradually created amazing physical strength through their daily work and hunting. As the hunt was celebrated, people began to show off their creations of unique techniques, which gradually evolved into entertainment and formed the earliest acrobatics.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 07:40, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==

脸谱的演变和发展，不是某个人凭空臆造的产物，而是戏曲艺术家们在长期艺术实践中，对生活现象的观察、体验、综合，以及对剧中角色的不断分析、判断，作出评价，才逐步形成了一整套完整的艺术手法。

The evolution and development of facial masks does not come from random creations. Instead, it is a set of arts created by opera artists during a long-term practice, which requires their observance, experience and summary for life as well as analysis, judgement and evaluation for characters.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

The life of Mei Lanfang displays his professional ethics that include revolutionary spirit and excellence pursuit. He filled creative thoughts in many artistic fields into opera performance, making the singing and performing of opera reach a perfect standard and becoming a school that has profound impacts in female-role playing.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

在中国古代工艺品中，常常可以看到杂技的生动形象，画师们也喜欢把杂技演出作为绘画的重要内容。这些保存下来的艺术珍品，如实地反映了当时的杂技情况，同时也说明了杂技艺术在人民的生活中，占据了何等重要的位置。

In some ancient handicrafts, one can see vivid images of acrobatics and painters like to paint acrobatic performance. The saved artistic treasures faithfully reveals the acrobatic performance and explains how important acrobatic art is in people’s life.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

In ancient hadicrafts，those images of acrobatics are vivid and are usually taken as the mian content of paiting by painters. So the saved artistic treasures faithfully represent acrobatic performance at that time and also reflects the important position of acrobatic art in people’s life.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 09:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is widely performed throughout the country and is known as the "national opera". Peking Opera, named after Mei Lanfang, is regarded as the representative of the oriental theater performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School, when the art of male dancers appeared in the history of Peking Opera, "Mei Shangcheng Xun" four famous dancers, so that the development of the entire Peking Opera entered the peak period, which is an important symbol of the prosperity of Peking Opera.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.唐代时，一些节目得到了惊人的发展，出现了前所未有的高超技艺。其中“载竿”之艺极高，马术节目也有很大发展，驯兽也达到了相当高的水平。

During the Tang dynasty, a number of shows developed in an astonishing way, and unprecedented skills emerged. Among them, the art of "Jie Guan" was extremely high, equestrian shows also developed greatly, and the taming of animals also reached a very high level.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In the Tang Dynasty, some programs developed astonishingly, with unprecedented superb skills. Among them, the art of "carrying poles" is extremely high, equestrian programs have also developed greatly, and animal training has reached a very high level.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

1.京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。京剧以12世纪中国传统习俗为依据，融音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、杂技以及精美的服饰与道具为一体。

Chinese Beijing Opera is praised as — Oriental Opera. Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China, which synthesizes music, drama, dancing and acrobatics along with very elaborate costumes and a minimum of props, according to traditions and customs dating back as far as twelfth century.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国杂技渊源流长，是中华民族文化艺术的瑰宝，是人体机能的异化与延伸，更是人类劳动技能的提高和升华，与人们的生产生活紧密相关。

Chinese acrobatics, with a long history, is a treasure of Chinese culture and art. It is not only the dissimilation and extension of human body function, but the improvement and sublimation of human labor skills. Moreover, it has close relationship with people’s production and life.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3.梅兰芳在京剧表演艺术上之所以取得那么大的成就，主要原因在于如下几端：一是与时俱进，出新求变；二是兼收并蓄，博采众长；三是随时请益，从善如流。

The main reasons why Mei Langfan has made such great achievements in the performing art of Peking Opera are as follows:first, he keeps pace with the times and strives for innovation; second, he is inclusive and boldly learns from others; third, he is always ready to ask for suggestions and readily adopts them.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.穿林海跨雪原气冲霄汉！抒豪情寄壮志面对群山。愿红旗五洲四海齐招展，哪怕是火海刀山也扑上前。

Crossing the sea of forests and the snowy plains, my morale rises to the sky! I pour my lofty sentiments and ambitions to the mountains. May the red flag be unfurled in all parts of the world, even if it is a sea of fire and a mountain of knives.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”。

In Peking Opera, women are collectively called “Dan”, which can be subdivided into many professions in line with the age and personality of the characters. Women who play the role of a lady or women of status are called “Zheng Dan”.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1958年，沧州吴桥县小马厂村出土的距今约1500年前南北朝东魏时期的古墓壁画上，就描绘着倒立、肚顶、转碟、马术等杂技表演形象。

In 1958, unearthed in Cangzhou County, Wuqiao County, Xiao Ma Chang Village, the tomb wall paintings, whose history can be traced back to about 1500 years ago (the North and South Dynasties, the Eastern Wei period) depicted many acrobatic performances such as handstand, belly tops, plate-spinning, horsemanship, etc.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。它作为创造舞台形象的艺术手段是十分丰富的，而用法又是十分严格的。不能驾驭这些程式，就无法完成京剧舞台艺术的创造。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless and endless artists, the stage art of Peking Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized procedures that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature, performance, music, singing, gongs and drums, makeup and facial makeup. As an artistic means of creating stage image, it is of great variety,whose usage, nevertheless, is of pretty restriction. If these programs couldn’t be controlled, Beijing opera won’t deliver its creation of stage art. --[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.他是个勤勉好学的演员，从青年时代起就认真钻研古典文学、国画、民族音乐、民族舞蹈、民俗学、音韵学和服饰学等多方面的祖国传统文化，并把这些知识融合到他的艺术中去，从而创造了大量优秀剧目，形成了具有独特风格、大家风范的艺术流派——梅派。

What an industrious and studious actor he is.Since his youth, he had been studying the traditional Chinese culture in many aspects, such as classical literature, traditional Chinese painting, national music, national dance, folklore, phonology and costume science . Moreover,he integrated these knowledge into his art, thus creating a large number of excellent plays and forming Mei school, a art school with unique and everybody style.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到中国人民的友谊，加速了与这些国家友好交往的进程。

Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad. For nearly half a century, Chinese acrobats have traveled all over the world, leaving their artistic style in more than 100 countries on five continents. Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time also welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupes, and caught the feelings of friendship from Chinese people in their artistic performances, which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
1. 中国传统戏剧与印度梵剧、古希腊悲喜剧一起，是世界上最古老的三种戏剧。
它是中国传统文化的重要组成不分，是我国的国宝。

Chinese traditional drama, together with Indian Sanskrit opera and ancient Greek tragicomedy, are the three oldest dramas in the world.
It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and a national treasure of our country.

2. 梅兰芳是所见过的最杰出的演员之一，纽约还从来没有见识过这样的演出。
Mei Lanfang is one of the most outstanding actors she has ever seen. New York has never seen such a performance.

3. 许多杂技艺术团先后出国访问，并屡获国际大奖，成为世界著名的杂技大国。
Many acrobatic troupes have visited abroad and won many international awards. They have become famous acrobatics countries in the world.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 06:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。
Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, whose artistic elements in great many are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 01:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。
The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is considered as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。
Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performance programs in which performers rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of difficult performances.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refers to the performance programs in which performers complete a series of difficult stunts with their own physical skills.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 05:58, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.新中国成立后，京剧的对外交流主要是由文化部和外交部组织的，京剧成为国家的文化使者。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，overseas exchanges of Beijing Opera mainly have been organized by the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Foreign Fairs，and it becomes the cultural emissary of our country.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.1919—1935年梅兰芳的海外京剧演出消除了当时西方对中国戏剧甚至中国人的偏见，促进了中国京剧在海外的传播，增进了东西方文化交流。中国京剧这一东方艺术瑰宝在世界戏剧舞台上大放光彩。

From 1919 to 1935，Mei Lanfang’s overseas performance of Beijing Opera removed the prejudice and misunderstanding of the western to China’s opera，even to Chinese people，which promoted the spread of Beijing Opera in foreign countries and enhanced cultural exchanges between the west and east world. Since then，Beijing Opera，the eastern art treasure，started to shine in the world stage for opera. --[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技艺术保留着历史最悠久的传统节目，以无与伦比的精湛技艺，绚丽多姿的传统节目，独特鲜明的民族风格，博得了国内外广大观众的赞赏和喜爱。

Chinese acrobatics reserves the most time-honored traditional programs and won appreciation and affection of the audience at home and abroad with its incomparable skills，diversified traditional programs and unique and distinctive national style.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics retains the longest history of traditional programs. With unparalleled superb skills, colorful traditional programs, and unique and distinctive national styles, it has won the appreciation of audiences at home and abroad.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:50, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.京剧主要是通过融合唱念做打的方式来叙述故事情节或表达人物的喜怒哀乐，惊讶或是恐惧。

1.Beijing Opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue, mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness.

2.梅兰芳小时候并不被看好，说他不是唱戏的料

2.When he was young ,Mr.Mei was not regarded suitable for singing.

3.杂技在一系列复杂的杂技武术动作中加入了许多传统舞蹈元素。

3. Acrobatic arts combines many classic dance elements with a physical conditioning that allows you to undertake the complex acrobatic moves that are part of the style.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:16, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

1.京剧行当的划分，除依据人物的自然属性（性别、年龄）和社会属性（身份、职业）外，主要是按人物的性格特征来分类。

1.In addition to the natural attributes (gender, age) and social attributes (identity, occupation) of the characters, Peking Opera is mainly classified according to their personality characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅兰芳先生的理性阐述，根植于中华民族文艺理论的沃土之中，深入浅出、通俗易懂。

2.Mr. Mei Lanfang's rational exposition, rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese literary theory, is simple and easy to understand.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.通过国粹中华濒危艺术这个大舞台，让中华民族杂技艺术释放无穷的魅力，成为连接世界和平使者的纽带，并通过这个特殊的文化纽带架起世界人民友谊的桥梁。

3.Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its endless glamour , becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its infinite charm, becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:09, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1 业内人士表示，武戏是艺术瑰宝，对京剧的发展有积极意义，不可或缺，应该加以拯救和保护，让它重新在舞台上焕发活力。
According to industry insiders, martial arts is an artistic treasure that is positive and indispensable to the development of Peking Opera and should be saved and protected so that it can be revitalized on the stage.

industry insiders said that milatary plays are art treasures, which are of positive and indispensable to the development of Beijing opera. It should be saved and protected to rejuvenate its vitality on the stage.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳将艺术和生活，和兴趣走到了一起，让中国传统书画走进戏剧，扩展了艺术领域，同时将原有的艺术壁垒打破，开创出新的出路，并将这种新式事物传到了国外。
Mei Lanfang combined art and life, and interests together.He brought traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy into the theater, expanded the field of art, while breaking down existing artistic barriers, created new outlets, and spreaded this new style abroad.

Mei Lanfang combined art and life together with interest, brought traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting into drama,and thus expanded the field of art. At the same time he broke the original art barriers, created a new way out, and spread this new thing abroad.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。
The extraordinary achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series in the first place, concluding the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:57, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, whose various artistic elements are the symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera is an important form of traditional Chinese culture, the various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:51, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目，包括口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺。

Modern acrobatics refers to a series of highly difficult program performed by acrobats with their physical techniques, including ventriloquism，pagoda of bowls，wirewalking，conjuring tricks，lion dances and other skills. --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1. 在1840年，京剧正式成形，并且在“戏迷”慈禧太后掌权期间迅速发展, 风靡全国。

It was after 1840 that Beijing Opera formally took shape, growing even faster during the reign of the Empress Cixi (1835-1908), who was an opera fan. As a result of this, Beijing Opera became popular around the country.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 梅兰芳的表演属于传统京剧。然而，他在舞台设计中引入了许多新的元素，进一步丰富了旦角的表演。他创造了一个新的风格，花衫。它是内敛的青衣与花旦的结合，在其中演员要掌握唱和模仿技巧，有时甚至加入杂技。由此，梅兰芳拓宽了旦角表演范围。

Mei Lanfang worked with traditional Peking Opera. However, he introduced many new features to its stagecraft and enriched the dan role category further. He created a new sub-category, the so-called huashan or the “flower robe”. It is a combination of the restrained qingyi or noble lady and huadan or the coquettish woman, in which the actor should master both singing and miming skills, sometimes even acrobatics. Mei Lanfang thus widened the scope of dan acting.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 演出中，中国杂技团将中国传统的抖空竹、戏车融合在整场演出中，并用探宝的主题将表演故事化。观看节目的中外媒体在欣赏精彩绝伦的杂技演同时，也亲身感受到中国古老文化与现代艺术的交融与碰撞。

The Chinese Acrobatic Troupe integrated Chinese traditional skills of playing diabolo and performing with the bicycle or unicycle into the whole performance, and presented the audience a story of treasure exploration. The Chinese and foreign media watching the performance could not only enjoy the wonderful acrobatic show, but also feel the fusion and collision of ancient Chinese culture and modern art.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 而京剧舞台上的人物造型也是在程式规定中尽出变化，在运用眼神和面部表情方面也要做到“眉目传情”。

The actor performing the Beijing Opera must be as dyanamic as possible based on all the restrictions, with the use of the eyes and facial expressions being expressive and attractive.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 二十世纪，梅兰芳大师为了加强女性角色在演唱中浓重和深沉的韵律增加了京二胡，配合京胡的演奏丰富了京剧乐队的声部，从而增加了演唱韵味。

In the 20th century, Master Mei Lanfang added the Jing Erhu in order to enhance the strong and deep rhythms of the female characters in singing, which, together with the playing of the Jing Hu, enriched the vocal parts of the Peking Opera orchestra, thus adding to the charm of the singing.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 近年来，杂技节目以及杂技剧的发展趋势主要是在“技”与“情节”中寻找融合点，借鉴舞蹈、戏曲等姊妹艺术的表现形式和手法，通过音乐、舞美等多种舞台元素配合，实现艺术的综合创新。

In recent years, the trend of acrobatic shows and acrobatic theatre has been to look for a fusion of "technique" and "plot" to realise comprehensive artistic innovation, mainly through the co-ordination of various stage elements such as music and choreography, and through the practice of the expressions and techniques of relative arts such as dance and opera.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 戏曲艺术的长远发展，既要顺应时代潮流更应保留精华特色，戏曲人的“破圈”之路可谓任重而道远。

For the long-term development of opera art, it is necessary to follow the trend of the times and retain the essence of its characteristics.

For the long-term development of opera, it is necessary to conform to the trend of the times and retain its essence. Therefore, opera artists still have a long way to go.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:15, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

Mei Lanfang’ s innovation, the Mei School of Peking Opera, is not only the peak of Peking Opera and Chinese opera as a whole, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.

3. 中国杂技的意义是多方面的，其中根本两点：一是中国杂技艺术具有的悠久传统和丰厚的历史积累，为其提供了创新的基础；二是中国杂技有它鲜明而独特的艺术风格，使其卓立于世界杂技之林。

The significance of Chinese acrobatics is multifaceted, including two fundamental points—first, the long tradition and rich history provide the basis for its innovation; Second, Chinese acrobatics has its own distinctive and unique artistic style, which makes it stand out in the world. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，徽剧是京剧的前身。同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，与民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国。
Peking Opera was once called Ping Opera, and Hui Opera was the predecessor of Peking Opera. At the same time, it accepted part of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera. Through continuous communication and integration with folk tunes, Peking Opera was finally formed. Peking opera has spread all over the world, with Beijing as the center and it is popular all over China.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳是中国京剧史上鼎盛期和清末以及中华民国成立后文化繁荣时期，承上启下最具有代表性的人物。他在五十余年的舞台生涯中，塑造了众多的优美的妇女艺术形象，积累了大量优秀剧目，发展了京剧旦角的表演艺术。
Mei Lanfang is the most representative person in the heyday of Chinese Peking Opera history, the late Qing Dynasty and the cultural prosperity after the founding of the Republic of China. he has created many beautiful artistic images of women in his more than 50 years of stage career, which accumulated a large number of outstanding plays, and developed the performance art of Peking Opera.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 汉代是中国杂技的形成和成长期，汉代角抵戏迅速充实内容，增加品种，提高技艺，终于在东汉时代形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。
The Han Dynasty was the formation and growth period of Chinese acrobatics. Jiaojia Opera at this time quickly enriched its content, increased its variety, and improved its skills. Finally, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of performing arts centered on acrobatics was formed——" Baixi" system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==

1.徽剧是京剧的前身。清代乾隆五十五年起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春，四大徽班陆续进入北京，他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。
The Hui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera.Since the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty in 55, the four emblems of the Southern Dynasties have entered Beijing . They have cooperated with the Han tune artists from Hubei Province and accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect.

2.梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首,“梅派”艺术创始的人;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演.体系”之一。
Mei Lanfang studied art at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11.Mei Lanfang is an outstanding actor in modern Beijing, the head of " Four Famous Dans " and the founder of " Mei Pai " art ;At the same time, it is also an internationally renowned master of performing arts whose performances have been promoted as one of the " three major performances in the world . "

3.杂技的起源是人类生存、智慧的积淀，是人类文化经验的积淀，是情感的宣泄，在漫长的人类进化过程中，人们击地而舞，铿锵而歌，在空地_上展现着最原始的杂技技巧，是那么尽情、那么投入。
The origin of acrobatics is the accumulation of human existence and wisdom, the accumulation of human cultural experience, is the catharsis of emotions, in the long process of human evolution, people hit the ground and dance, sonorous songs, in the open space--showing the most primitive acrobatic skills, is so full, so devoted.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special cosmetic method with national characteristics. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has a general spectral type, just like singing and playing music, it is so called“ types of facial makeup in operas”.

Beijing opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with national characteristics. Since each historical figure or a certain type of character has a general notation, just like singing and playing music, it is called "facial makeup in Beijing Opera".--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳是著名京剧表演艺术家。他刻苦学习昆曲、练功，经过长期的舞台实践，对京剧旦角的唱腔、念白、舞蹈、音乐、服装、化妆等各方面都有所创造发展，形成了自己的艺术风格，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang is a famous artist of Beijing Opera performance. He worked hard in learning Kun Opera and practicing his skills. After long period of stage practice, he made great progress in the aspects of the aria of female role in Beijing Opera, the spoken part, the dance performance, the music, the costume and the make-up. Thus he formed his own artistic style, which was called“ Mei School”.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国杂技是历史悠久的传统表演艺术之一。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of a special type called "Jiao Di" in different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culturethe,various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has been on stage for more than 50 years, and he has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera , forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

In the past 50 years or so on the stage, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved his singing and performing skills of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国杂技早在汉代就形成以“顶功”为中心的形体技巧，顶功就要求有过硬的腰功、腿功、倒立和跟斗基本功，这种传统一直至今。

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills". Top skills require excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills", which requires excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1，“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角，“丑”是滑稽幽默的人物或者反面角色
Sheng is the positive male role, and Dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character.
2, 在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质，角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键
One major characteristic of Peking opera is the colors painted on the face of a character that shows the personality, quality, role and fate. It is also the key to understand the plot.
3,红脸含有褒义，代表忠通；黑脸代表中性，代表猛智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈
Red is positive, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a natural role, representing vigor and wisdom; yellow and white both suggest canning and negative characters.
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 04:57, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.京剧的发展已有2百多年的历史,它是我国传统文化与历史的积淀,也是我国传统文化的载体。它的博大精深值得广大有知识，有抱负，有热情的青年学子去发掘与体验。京剧与大学在某些方面具有互补性。大学作为莘莘学子求学探索与攀登的殿堂,需要具有更高内涵和素养的文化来丰富和完善;

The development of Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years which is the accumulation of China's traditional culture and history, as well as the carrier of China's traditional culture. Its extensiveness and profoundness is worth of being explored and experienced by young students with knowledge, ambition and enthusiasm. Peking Opera and university are complementary in some ways. As a palace for students to explore and climb, universities need to enrich and improve their culture with higher connotation and accomplishment.

2.梅兰芳是中国近代杰出的表演艺术家，举世闻名的中国戏曲艺术大师，“四大名旦”之首，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。他不但有精妙的艺术，更有高尚的品德，是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。

Mei Lanfang is an outstanding performing artist in modern China, a world-renowned master of Chinese Opera art, and the first of the "four famous denier", whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character. He is the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.

Mei Lanfang， an outstanding performing artist in modern China, is worldwidely famous for Chinese Opera art. As the first of the "four famous denier", his performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character, which makes him the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics emerged in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were redeemed as a kind of self-entertaining game performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, which formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:18, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.京剧是我国的国粹，是流行于全国的重要剧种之一。伴奏乐器以京胡为主，二胡、月琴、三弦为辅。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of China and one of the most popular operas in China. The accompaniment instruments are mainly Jinghu, supplemented by erhu, Yueqin and Sanxian.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.绘画大师刘海粟:“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。'

Master of painting Liu Haisu said that Mr. Mei's performance style, compared with painting, should be the peony colorful flowers with Meticulous Brushwork. The flowers and leaves are freehand and easy to see in the elegant, appropriate shade, and gorgeous but not vulgar. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.吴桥人练杂技有古老的传统风俗。据记载，吴桥是庙会盛地，过去吴桥境内庙宇林立，庵寺错落，庙会繁多。庙会上，除了做法事之外，都要举行娱乐性的表演。

In Wuqiao, acrobatics has an ancient traditional custom. According to records, Wuqiao is a place of temple fairs. In the past, there were many temples, scattered temples and numerous temple fairs. At temple fairs, entertainment performances are held in addition to practices.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics sprang up in China around the Neolithic Age. The labor skills of primitive men formed in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were reproduced as a kind of self-entertaining game skill performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, thus giving birth to the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During his more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Danjiao in Peking Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is famed as “the National Opera” for its spread and influence across the whole nation. The performing system of Peking Opera named by Mei Lanfang was viewed as the representative of the Eastern opera performing art, belonging to one of the three major performing systems in the world. Peking Opera is also a significant form of expressing traditional Chinese culture, in which numerous artistic elements are utilized as traditional Chinese culture symbols.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.当你来到中国的时候，一定要去看一场京剧，就像是你到了意大利一定要去听一场歌剧一样。
It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as seeing an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as to see an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅先生还是一位伟大的爱国主义者，抗战期间蓄须明志，拒绝演出，靠写字卖画为生。
Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the perform opportunities, and made a living by writing and selling paints. --[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the opportunities to perform, and made a living by writing and selling paints during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.各种戏剧表演，杂技表演，绘画，书法和美食会让你眼花缭乱。
A variety of opera performances, acrobatics shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

A variety of opera performances, acrobatic shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

清代乾隆五十五年（1790年）起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春四大徽班陆续进入北京，与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，又吸收了一些地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。 [1]
Since the 55th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four troupes of Hui School which are Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai, and Hechun went to Beijing consecutively, and cooperated with artists of Handiao( a local drama in Wuhan, Hubei Province). Meanwhile, they accepted part of operas, melodies, and perform methods of Kunqu Opera and Shanxi Opera, and absorbed some folk musics, through unceasingly communicate and integrate of which, the Beijing Opera was formed.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。
During his 50 years’ stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved singing and performing art of Dan or female role in Beijing Opera, forming a art school with unique style, which is known as “ Mei School”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

这些奇技异巧，场面盛大的演出，使四方来客大为惊叹，深服汉帝国的广大和富强。
These wonderful skills, pomp and pageantry of performance make visitors from all over the world surprised and admired the immensity and prosperity of the Empire of Han.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==

1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera,as an important form expressing the traditional Chinese culture,including many artistic elements that symbolize Chinese tradition culture.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:14, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a well-respected master of Peking opera. He has created a unique "Mei School" art and enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a universally admired master of the Peking Opera, and his creation of the unique "Mei School" of art is highly regarded both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术作为一种古老的原始艺术，与舞蹈一样，它产生的文化机制是多方面的。

Acrobatic art is an ancient primitive art. Like dance, the cultural mechanism it produces is multifaceted.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

As an ancient and primitive art, acrobatics, like dance, has a variety of cultural mechanisms at work.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1.京剧艺术是在我国许多民族古老戏曲艺术创作成果的基础上成长起来的，它所以取得今天的辉煌成就，是经过几辈人悉心继承，努力创新的结果。

The art of Beijing opera has grown up on the basis of the artistic achievements of many ancient operas of many nationalities in China. Its brilliant achievements today are the result of painstaking inheritance and innovation of several generations. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在促进东西方文化交流方面作出了卓越的贡献，也是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。在国内外，梅兰芳先生被誉为伟大的演员和美的化身。

Mei Lanfang has made outstanding contributions to the promotion of cultural exchanges between the East and West, and he is also a pioneer in spreading Beijing opera abroad. At home and abroad, Mr. Mei Lanfang is known as a great actor and the embodiment of beauty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 新石器时代开始，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能。在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演。这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Chinese acrobatics germinates from the Neolithic age. The labor skills formed by primitive people in hunting and the martial arts and extraordinary physical fitness created in self-defense and attack are reproduced as a skill performance of self entertainment games. This formed the earliest acrobatic art. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

国粹，是指一个国家固有的文化精华，中国的国粹有很多，其中与誉满中外的中国京剧、中国武术、中国书法、中国医学，被世人称为“中国的四大国粹”。

The quintessence of the nation is the inherent essence of it culture. There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Peking Opera, Chinese martial arts, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine, which are well known at home and abroad, are called" the four national treasures of China."--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The quintessence of a nation is its inherent cultural essence . There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Beijing Opera, Chinese kungfu, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine are well known at home and abroad.They are called‘the four national treasures of China .’--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:29, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他从小就被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Lanfang is a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. As a boy, he was considered to be "mediocre in speech and plain in appearance", without the making of an actor.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、顶碗、滚杯等。

The artistic language of acrobatics is mainly the body movements of super high skills, including the soft body technique of top bowl rolling cup and so on--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. “生旦净末丑、神仙老虎狗”，这句话常被用来形容行当俱全的京剧角色。锣鼓咚锵响起，舞台两侧“出将”、“入相”门帘一挑一合，一个个鲜活的人物走马灯似的登台下场，这时观众们可想不起，后台演员正在如同打仗一样地紧张扮着呢。

This sentence is often used to describe Peking Opera roles with all kinds of professions, such as "being clean and ugly at the end of life, being immortal, tiger and dog". The gongs and drums rang loudly, the curtains of "going out" and "entering the phase" on both sides of the stage were picked and closed one by one, and the vivid characters came off the stage like lanterns. At this moment, the audience could not remember that the backstage actors were playing up as nervously as a war.

2. 梅兰芳先生是个严谨自律的人。烈酒伤身，尤其伤嗓子，他自然不会多饮。而百年老店精心炮制的药酒，饮用有助于健康。作为演员，难捱的夏日仍要粉墨登场，借助一杯绿茵陈酒解暑解乏，再合适不过。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a strict and self-disciplined person. Strong liquor hurts the body, especially his throat. Naturally, he will not drink more. However, drinking the medicated liquor carefully prepared by the century-old shop is helpful to health. As an actor, it is still necessary to take part in the difficult summer days. It is most appropriate to use a cup of green wine to relieve summer heat and fatigue.

3. 杂技，亦作“杂伎”，是柔术、车技、口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺的泛称。河北吴桥不仅是中国杂技的发祥地，也是世界杂技艺术的重要摇篮。作为一门在贫穷土壤中生长的艺术，吴桥民间杂技生活气息浓厚淳朴。

Acrobatics, also known as "miscellaneous performers", is a general term for jujitsu, car skills, ventriloquism, bowl-topping, tightrope walking, magic tricks, lion dance and other skills. Wuqiao in Hebei Province is not only the birthplace of Chinese acrobatics, but also an important cradle of acrobatic arts in the world. As an art growing in poor soil, Wuqiao folk acrobatic life has a strong and simple atmosphere. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:34, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1. 2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。

In May 2006, Peking Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. In 2010, it was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

2. 梅兰芳通过不断的努力，终于集京剧旦角艺术之大成，融青衣、花旦、刀马旦行当为一炉，创造出独特的表演形式和唱腔，世称“梅派”，影响很大。

Through continuous efforts, Mei Lanfang finally collected the great achievements of Peking Opera Danjie art, combined with Qin Yi, Hua Dan, and Dao Ma Dan arts, creating a unique form of performance and singing, known as the "Mei School", with great influence.

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。“杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was established in 1950.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 07:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.京剧表演的四种艺术手法:唱、念、做、打，也是京剧表演四项基本功。

Singing, recitation, acting and acrobatic fighting are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Peking opera performance are singing, chanting, acting and acrobatic fighting , which are also the four basic skills of Peking opera performance.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:38, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Beijing opera performance: singing, chanting, doing, and playing can be also the four basic skills of Beijing opera performance.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

The art of Mei School of Beijing Opera, innovated by Mei Lanfang, not only is the peak of Beijing Opera and Chinese opera art, but also lists on the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's innovative Beijing Opera Mei School art is not only the peak of Chinese Beijing Opera and the entire Chinese opera art, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.这些传统杂技节目经过初步整理，在服装道具、音乐伴奏上都作了初步加工，使之面貌一新。

These traditional acrobatic items have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes and props as well as music and accompany.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic performances have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes, props as well as music.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:27, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic programs have been preliminarily sorted out, and the costumes, props, and musical accompaniment have been preliminarily processed to make them look new.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
徽班进京的出发地在扬州，身怀绝技的优伶们，出发前一定要到位于苏唱街的梨园总局碰碰头，商量一下出发日程和演出剧目，并在那里一起摆个身段、甩两下水袖、扬几声珠圆玉润的歌喉。有时干脆排演几出折子戏，或是《游园》，或是《思凡》，声情并茂，婀娜多姿，那时的苏唱街，十分热闹。

The departure of HuiBan into Beijing was Yangzhou, where talented opera singers would get together in the opera bureau on the bustling Suchang Street to deliberate the time of their departure and the plays for their performances. They would also do some practice and
even emotionally and elegantly rehearse several highlights from operas such as Youyuan and Sifan from time to time.

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家，可他小时候却被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Langfang was a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. But in his childhood, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance” without the makings of an actor.

表演者乘小马从刀丛剑林之间穿驰而过。如果技艺不精，坐骑驾驭不灵，触及刀剑，人马立毙。

The acrobat should get through the forest of swords quickly with a small running horse. If he was not skilled in driving the horse, he would be killed at once with it.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:41, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1. 京剧的表演风格是安详的，既不过分高亢激昂，也不刻意一唱三叹，从不强调暴力和血腥。

2. 梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。

3. 杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

1. The performance style of Peking Opera is serene, neither too high and passionate, nor deliberately singing and sighing, never emphasizing violence and blood.

2. Mei Lanfang is an outstanding Beijing-Kunming actor in modern times and the top figure of the "Four Famous Actors". At the same time, he is also a master of performing arts with international reputation. His performance has been promoted to one of the "three major performing systems in the world".

3. Acrobatics was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and “Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju, is was named acrobatics after Tang and Song Dynasties.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:23, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.京剧,是中华民族戏剧界长期辛勤劳动与不懈探索的艺术结晶,其历史可以追溯到十八世纪末至十九世纪初清政府统治时期。当时活跃在北京的诸多戏曲种类有昆曲、京腔、秦腔、微调、汉调、梆子等。

Beijing Opera is an artistic fruit of long-term industrious work and unremitting explore of Chinese nation’s drama circle. Its history can date back from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century when the Qing Government reigned. At that time, many kinds of traditional opera active in Beijing were Kunqu, Beijing, Shaanxi opera, fine-tuning, Han opera, Bangzi and so on.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国戏曲跨文化传播的过程中,梅兰芳先生既是第一位登上世界舞台的京剧艺术家,也是第一位得到国际戏剧界和绝大多数海外观众所肯定的中国戏剧名家。

During the process of cross-cultural exchanges of Chinese traditional opera, Mr. Mei Lanfang is the first artist of Beijing Opera to step onto the world stage and the first drama master who has been recognized by the international theatrical circle and most overseas audience as well. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.临泉是“中国民间文化艺术之乡”“中国杂技之乡”，临泉民间杂技艺术具有鲜明特色，其源于民间、活跃于民间，具有浓厚的生活生产气息，同时又有着中原文化的奔放、厚重、自由、创新，深受广大人民群众喜爱。

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan possesses distinguished features which originated from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan bearing distinguished features derived from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.京剧在文学、表演、音乐、舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expressions in various aspects such as literature, performance, music, and stage art.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatic art has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, which were called "Hundred Operas" in the Han Dynasty and "San Yue" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called acrobatics in order to distinguish them from other songs, dances and performances.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.京剧前身是清初流行于江南地区，以唱吹腔、高拨子、二黄为主的徽班。徽班流动性强，与其他剧种接触频繁，在声腔上互有交流渗透，因此在发展过程中也搬演了不少昆腔戏，还吸收了啰啰腔和其他一些杂曲。

The predecessor of Bejing Opera was the Anhui Opera combo, which was popular in Jiangnan in the early Qing Dynasty, and mainly featured by music for voices and blowing, the instrument high plectrum, and the erhuang tune. With its high mobility, frequent contact with other operas, and mutual communication and penetration of music for voices, the Anhui Opera also adopted a lot of elements of kunqu opera and absorbed lo lo tunes and other miscellaneous operas in the process of development.

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。形成独特的艺术风格。其中最能体现梅派艺术代表剧有《霸王别姬》《贵妃醉酒》《穆桂英挂帅》等。

Mei Lanfang's life embodied the dedication spirit of continuous innovation and striving for perfection. He integrated the creative ideas of many artistic fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera, so that the singing and performing arts of Dan in Beijing Opera reached the perfect realm and became a far-reaching school. It has formed a unique artistic style.The most representative repertoires of the Mei School are "Conqueror Xiang Yu Parts with His Concubine", "The Drunken Beauty", and "Mu Guiying Takes Command".

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is first of all reflected in the fact that its various repertoires have become a series, possessing the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unique among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 08:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1、京剧在文学、表演、音乐和舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

In the aspects of literature, performing, music and fine arts on the stage, Beijing Opera has a set of standardized forms of artistic presentation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his fifty years of performing life, Mei Lanfang developed and advanced the singing and performing art of the leading female role in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with unique styles called “Mei School”.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3、现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。

Modern acrobatics specifically refers to the performing programs which require the actors to do a set of highly difficult actions using their skills of body movement.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

京剧的脸谱几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。

The facial makeup of Peking Opera has almost become a representative mark and symbol of Chinese culture as many countries often have a big one on their posters at activities of the "Year of Chinese Culture" .

梅兰芳是旦角演员，和程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“京剧四大名旦”。

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dan in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dans in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技作为中华传统文化,源远流长,传承两千余年。从先秦的"角抵戏"起源,到汉唐成为融诗、歌、舞于一体的"百戏",再到元明清之时融入戏曲、歌舞表演而为"杂戏"。

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it became to "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties , and by combining opera, song and dance as "Miscellaneous opera" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:35, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it evolved into "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties and "Miscellaneous opera" by combining opera, song and dance in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==
1.戏服通常是京剧最有辨识度的特征，其色彩和设计都十分绚丽。它们大多采用手工缝制和刺绣方式制作。戏服采用传统图案所以具有很高的审美价值。

Often the most recognizable feature of Beijing Opera, the costumes are brilliant in color and design. They are mostly made using hand sewing and embroidery. As the traditional Chinese patterns are adopted, the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.《贵妃醉酒》是梅兰芳的代表作之一。梅兰芳生动地表演出贵妃的失意、醉后的媚态和美貌，使此剧名声大噪。戏中有许多高难度动作，包括只用牙齿咬住杯子喝水，向后弯腰把水杯放在托盘上等。

The Drunken Concubine is one of the masterpieces by Mei Lan-Fang. Mei had made this play famous by his vivid performance reflecting the concubine's disappointment, her drunken charming, and her beauty. There are many movements difficult to perform, including drinking a cup with the performer's teeth only and placing the cup on the tray by bending over backwards.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技有极大的适应性，表演形式、场所多样化。广场、剧场、街巷、客房，多至百人大荟萃，小至一人的现场即席献艺。正是这种广泛的适应性使其能千古犹存。

Chinese acrobatics is extremely adaptable, with diverse performance forms and venues. It can be performed in squares, theaters, alleys, and guest rooms, in large gatherings of hundreds of people, or as small as a one-man live performance. It is this wide adaptability that has enabled it to survive for thousands of years.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.中国的传统戏曲京剧形成于道光年间，最初是被封建统治者称之为俚俗文化而加以排斥的。随着京剧艺术的日臻完美，以及京剧社会地位的日益提高，清朝统治者对京剧也逐渐发生了兴趣，从而使京剧进入了宫廷。

Beijing opera, the traditional Chinese opera, was formed during the Daoguang period and was initially rejected by the feudal rulers as slang culture. As the art of Beijing opera became more and more perfect and its social status gradually increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, which brought Beijing opera into the court.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

Beijing opera, one of the schools of traditional Chinese opera, took shape during the Daoguang period. Considered as a slang culture, it was repeled by the feudal rulers. As Beijing opera grew more mature and its social status increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, thus bringing it into the court.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

Mei Lanfang’s life embodies the professionalism of continuous innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Beijing Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Beijing Opera a perfect realm, and thus has bacome the most influential genre in the Danish industry.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

During Mei’s whole life, he embodied the dedication spirit of continuously pursuing innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative artistic ideas into the performances of Beijing Opera and perfected its singing and performing arts, making Mei’s school a far-reaching one of Dan.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in the series of its various programs which have the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in its programs systems which cover the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is rarely seen in the performing arts of other countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.Beijing Opera is developed from absorbing many other dramatic forms, mostly from the local drama 'Huiban' which was popular in South China during the 18th century. It is a scenic art integrating music, performance, literature, aria, and face-painting.

京剧是从吸收许多其他戏剧形式而发展而来的，主要是从18世纪在华南流行的本地话剧《回班》中获得的。这是一种结合了音乐，表演，文学，咏叹调和面部绘画的风景艺术。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧是在吸收了许多其他戏曲形式的基础上发展起来的，主要是从18世纪流行于中国南方的地方戏曲“徽班”中发展而来。这是集音乐、表演、文学、咏叹调、脸谱于一体的舞台艺术。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.He played mostly female roles, becoming especially known for his portrayal of the “Flower-Shattering Diva”; his style of dance won such acclaim over the years that it came to be known as the “Mei Lanfang school.”

他主要扮演女性角色，以对“花碎女神”的刻画而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅兰芳学校”。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他主要扮演女性角色，并因其在《天女散花》的表演而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅派”。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats tend to emphasize balance and extreme flexibility more than the troupes do in Russia or the West. This might be due to the influence of martial arts styles that emphasize developing fine flexibility and balance.

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极端的灵活性。这可能是由于武术风格的影响，强调发展出良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极度柔韧性。这可能是受武术的影响，即在武术中强调发展良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

20201116 cult

2020-11-23T07:41:04Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

1.An all-round top-notch performer of Beijing Opera, for instance, must be good- looking or attractive when appearing in make-up, of pleasing physical proportions, with a pair of expressive eyes and a rich variety of facial expressions.

例如，京剧的一位顶级表演者在化妆时必须好看或有吸引力，具有令人愉悦的身体比例，一双富有表情的眼睛和丰富多样的面部表情。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

例如，一位多才多艺的一流京剧演员上妆后必须要好看或有吸引力，有漂亮的身材比例，一双有表现力的眼睛及丰富的面部表情。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. He was the first to change the tradition that female characters paid attention only to the art of singing or acrobatic skills.

他是第一个改变传统的女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧的传统。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他是第一个改变女性角色只关注歌唱或杂技技巧这种传统的人。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 23:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中汲取了丰富的素材。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1 京剧以历史故事为主要演出内容，传统剧目约有一千三百多个，常演的在三四百个以上。

The main performance of Peking Opera is historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional repertoires, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of “Dan” in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

In his career of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of the Dan role in Peking Opera, forming a unique art school, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3 解放后，杂技艺术获得新生。杂技艺术从简单的技巧表演发展到有乐队、舞蹈、灯光等配合的综合艺术表演。

After liberation, acrobatics gained a new life. Acrobatics have developed from simple technical performances to comprehensive art performances with bands, dances, and lighting.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 12:22, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法，由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的模式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing Opera facial makeup is a kind of special makeup method with national characteristic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate style, like singing, playing music according to the music score, it is called “facial makeup in operas”. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅派最大的特点就是没有特点，抓住某一个特点很难抓，讲究的是范本之美，一招一式、一字一腔、发声运气都强调非常规范。

The main feature of the Mei Langfang school is featurelessness. It is quite difficult to capture one characteristic from the school as it focuses on the beauty of model. Every gesture and motion, word and tune, and the process of modulating air current to utter the sound all follows the requirements of the model. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 跟头本来是杂技技巧中重要一项，在清代戏曲中，它被戏曲表演所吸收化用在方方面面，故清末有所谓“京剧里的跟斗，杂技里的顶”的俗话。

Turning a somersaults is an important skill in acrobatics. During the Qing Dynasty, it was absorbed by opera and became a part of its performance. Therefore, there is an old saying in the late Qing Dynasty, "Where there is somersault in Beijing opera, there is handstand in acrobatics". --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.清初，京城戏曲舞台上盛行昆曲与京腔。乾隆中叶后，昆曲渐而衰落，京腔兴盛取代昆曲一统京城舞台。

During the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu opera and Beijing accent were frequently performed on the stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qing period, Kunqu opera gradually declined and was replaced by the Beijing accent, which started to prosper and dominate the Beijing stage.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Kunqu Opera and Beijing accent prevailed on the opera stage in Beijing. After the mid-Qianlong period, Kunqu opera gradually declined, and the prosperity of Beijing accent replaced Kunqu opera to dominate the Beijing stage.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳苦涩地回忆着这几年的沧桑历程，心境忧闷地对朋友说：“一个演员正在表演力旺盛之际，因为抵抗恶劣的社会环境，而蓄须谢绝舞台演出，连嗓子都不敢吊，这种痛苦我无法用语言来形容。我之所以绘画，一半是为了维持生活，一半是借此消遣。否则，我真是要憋死了。”

Looking back the past bitter years, Mei Lanfang said to her friend in a depressing mood, "A singer was forced to step back from the stage due to the adverse social environment and was even afraid to do vioce exercises. This kind of sorrow was beyond words. I chose to draw both for livelihood and amusement, otherwise, I will suffer to death."

3.春秋战国时代很多杂技艺术的创造者是诸侯的门客和武士，他们以一技之长，投身公卿大夫，并不完全为了表演，但关键时候，却往往以其技辅助主人，创造出一些轰轰烈烈的事业。

A great number of creators of acrobatics during the Spring and Autumn(770-476 BC) and Warring States(475-221 BC) periods belong to hangers-on and men of great physical prowess of the feudal princes. They go and seek refuge with high-ranking officials in court by dint of their professional skill though not wholly for performing. However, they would always rely on this skill to assist their masters to achive a grand career.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. Some of the newer operas were adopted from literature and classical novels during the rise of communism.

在共产主义兴起期间，一些较新的歌剧被文学和古典小说所采用。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

共产主义崛起时期，一些新歌剧改编自文学和古典小说。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.At age 13 he joined the Xiliancheng Theatrical Company and, through performances in Shanghai and elsewhere, acquired a national reputation.

13岁那年，他加入了戏联城剧院公司，并通过在上海和其他地方的演出获得了全国声誉。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

13岁那年，他加入了“喜连成”戏剧班，在上海和全国各地进行演出，享誉全国。--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 02:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The acrobats may perform scenes from popular legends, stories, or novels of the ancient past such as The Monkey King.

杂技演员可以表演诸如《孙悟空》之类的古代传说，故事或小说中的场景。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:34, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技演员可以表演诸如《美猴王》之类的民间传说、故事或古代小说中的场景。--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:45, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

1.京剧被视为中国的国剧，有着悠久的历史和完整的舞台表演体系。它最初是安徽省的一种地方剧。京剧吸收了其前身的各种元素，如唱歌、跳舞和杂技，并在语言和演唱风格上为北京观众做了调整。随着时间的推移，京剧在全国各地广受欢迎，成为中国舞台上最流行、影响力最大的戏剧形式。

Peking Opera is regarded as the national opera in China. It has a long history and a complete system of stage performance. It was originally a local drama in Anhui Province.Peking Opera absorbed various elements of its forerunner, such as singing，dancing and acrobatics，and adapted itself in language and style of singing for Beijing audiences. As time went by，it gained popularity all over the country and became the most popular and influential dramatic form on Chinese stage.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Meilanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue.

3.杂技是展现高超的平衡技巧和动作协调能力的表演。杂技常和广泛使用体操技能的活动相联系，比如马戏、体操，但许多其他运动，如武术、芭蕾和跳水也可能采用杂技元素。

Acrobatics is the performance that shows excellent skills of balance and action coordination. Acrobatics is most often associated with activities that make extensive use of gymnastic skills, such as circus and gymnastics, but many other activities，such as wushu,ballet and diving may also adopt elements of acrobatics.
--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 05:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 京剧，曾称平剧，中国五大戏曲剧种之一。场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏。

Beijing Opera, once called pingju, is one of the five major operas in China.The scene layout pays attention to freehand brushwork, tone to xipi, erhuang mainly, with the accompaniment of huqin, gongs and drums.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳成功地进行了一系列京剧艺术的改革，为整个戏剧文化的改革发展提供了榜样，对今天戏剧文化的发展具有重要的提示意义。

Mei Lanfang successfully made a series of reformation of Beijing opera and made an example of the opera culture reformation, which laid an important influence on the today's opera culture.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang has successfully carried out a series of reforms of Beijing Opera art, which provids an example for the reform and development of the whole drama culture, and is of great significance to the development of drama culture today.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 吴桥县是中国杂技的发源地，其杂技历史悠久，表演艺术完善，为中外人士所熟知。据说，当地的人都或多或少地会表演杂技，不管他是99岁还是刚学会走路。

With a long acrobatics history and perfect performing arts, Wuqiao county is well known by Chinese people and foreigners as the birthplace of the famous Chinese acrobatics. It is said that the local people there are all able to perform acrobatics more or less, no matter he is just 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 07:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Wuqiao County is the origin of Chinese acrobatics, with long acrobatic history and perfect performing arts, known to Chinese and foreign people. It is said that locals can perform acrobatics more or less, whether he is 99 or just learning to walk.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 11:07, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1.2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

In May 2006, Beijing Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. Then in 2010, it was included as representatives in the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his stage lifetime of more than 50 years, Mei Lanfang has developd and improved the singing and performing arts of the role "Dan" in Beijing Opera, finally formed an art school with a unique style, whinch is known as "Mei" school.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2,000 years in China. It was called "baixi" in the Han Dynasty, "Sanle" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Later in the Tang and Song dynasties, it was called "Acrobatics" in order to distinguish from other songs, dances and zaju.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、京剧是融唱念做打于一体的戏剧表演形式，19世纪中期，孕育于民间，融合了中国南北方戏剧元素的京剧，在北京发展成熟，广泛流布于全国。

Beijing opera is a kind of opera performances which consists of singing, reading, doing and playing. Being conceived in Chinese folk and developing into maturity in Beijing, it integrated opera elements from north and south China and was spread widely across the country.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2、绘画大师刘海粟：“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。”

The drawing master Liu Haisu once said:”If drawing an analogy with painting, Mr Mei’s performance style should be a painting of heavy-colored peonies with ink-wash flowers and leaves, being free and easy amongst elegance, shading appropriate, and being showy but not vulgar. ”--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatics has a long history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called “Bai Xi”(a general term for folk performing arts) in the Han dynasty and “San Yue”(a synonym of Bai Xi) in the Sui and Tang dynasties. It was not until the Tang and Song dynasties that we had the name “Za Ji”(Acrobatics) for it in order to distinguish it from songs and dances as well as other performing arts. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:10, 20 November 2020 (UTC) Gao Mingzhu

1. Beijing Opera is a theatrical performance form that combines singing, reading, doing and playing. In the mid-19th century, Beijing Opera, born from the folklore, which combined elements from the north and south of China, matured in Beijing and became widespread throughout the country.

2. Liu Haisu, a master painter said that Mr. Mei’ s performance, if compared to the painting, should be a heavy-colored peony flower with heavy brushwork, while the flowers and leaves are painted in ink, showing a free expression of grace and elegance, appropriate in intensity and lightness, bright but not vulgar.

3. The art of acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. In Han Dynasty, it was called “Baixi”; in Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called “Sanle”; after Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called acrobatics in order to distinguish it from other dances and operas.--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:20, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Grosheva, Anna==

1.The traditional operas consist of main tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors and empresses, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties.

传统戏曲主要包括前朝的故事，重要的历史事件，皇帝和皇后，大臣和将军，天才和大人物。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Thereafter he did both stage and film work and served as director or member of several cultural organizations.

此后，他从事舞台和电影工作，并担任多个文化组织的导演或成员。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats intensively practice timing and coordination. The individual performers practice cooperating precisely.

中国杂技演员集中练习时间安排和协调。各个表演者练习精确合作。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:32, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员进行高强度练习，提高时机的把握技巧和协调能力。各个表演者加强训练，提高配合默契度。--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国，成为介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。在2010年11月16日，京剧被列入“世界非物质文化遗产代表作名录”

Peking Opera is distributed all over the world, mainly in Beijing , and has become an important medium for introducing and spreading Chinese traditional art and culture. On November 16, 2010, Peking Opera was inscribed on the "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the World".

2.梅兰芳的戏剧艺术并非完全没有现实主义的成分，它并不具有立体派绘画、抽象的阿拉伯装饰或几何舞蹈设计所具有的那种涵义。跟它确切相似的是中国绘画和雕刻。遗留在我们记忆里的是对他们的抽象画和装饰性的印象，但是我们往往对那种精确性感到惊讶，自然界，一片叶子，一束花朵，一只鸟，一只手，一件斗篷，都被观察得极为精确细致，同时我们也对它们那具有特征的细节所呈现的使人眼花缭乱的色彩缤纷标志感到惊奇。

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. Its exact resemblance is to Chinese painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprized at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed with great precision and detail, and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic detail!

Mei Lanfang's theatrical art is not completely devoid of realism, and it does not have the same connotations as Cubist painting, abstract arabesques, or geometric choreography. It bears a close resemblance to Chinses painting and sculpture. What remains in our memory are impressions of their abstract paintings and ornamentation, but we often surprize at the precision with which nature, a leaf, a bouquet of flowers, a bird, a hand, a cloak, are observed and we are amazed at the dazzling array of colorful symbols in their characteristic details.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 13:49, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Around the Neolithic period, acrobatics had already sprouted in China. The labor skills developed by primitive man in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical abilities created in self-defense were reproduced as a technical performance of self-entertaining games during rest and recreation, while expressing the joy of their hunt and victory, which led to the earliest acrobatic art.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.京剧是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服饰、脸谱等很受观众欢迎。精致的面部化妆和华丽的服饰是京剧的两大特色。不同的服装类型反映不同人物的身份特征。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate and gorgeous facial make-up and costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture.As an ancient art,the costume and facial makeup of Beijing Opera are very popular among audience.Elaborate facial make-up and gorgeous costumes are two distinguished characteristics of Beijing Opera. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the identity of different characters.
Painting faces with different colors is an important way to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2.梅兰芳出生于京剧世家，8岁开始学习表演艺术，10岁开始登台演出，在二十世纪初成为了超级明星，使花旦成为京剧中重要的角色。在其60年的戏剧生涯中，梅兰芳演出创作了200多部剧，在唱腔、台词、舞蹈、音乐、服饰、化妆等方面做出了贡献，逐渐形成了自己独特的风格，被称为“梅派”。

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to laern the performing art at eight,to make his debut at ten and become a super star in the early 20 centuries,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his unique style, the so called ‘Mei School’.

Born in the family of Beijing Opera actors,Mei Lanfang began to learn the performing art at eight and made his debut at ten, a super star in the early 20th century,thus turning Dan (female roles) to a prominent role of Beijing Opera.During his 60 years of performing years,Mei performed and created over 200 plays,making contributions in such aspects as singing patters, speaking lines, dance, music, costumes and make-up and gradually forming his own unique style, called ‘Mei School’. --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 14:31, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

3.中国杂技(acrobatics)有着悠久的历史和浓郁的民族特色。它是中国人最喜爱的艺术形式之一。杂技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它与人们的生产和日常生活有着密切的联系。表演的道具(props)包括碗、盘子和梯子等。在旧中国，因为被封建阶级(feudal class)瞧不起，杂技从未在剧场里表演过。自新中国成立以来，中国政府大力发展民族艺术，使杂技获得了新的生命。

The Chinese acrobatics has a long history and rich national flavor. It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms.It is one of the Chinese favorite art forms. Acrobatics combines strength and skill. It closely relates to people's production and daily life activities with props being bowls, plates, ladders, and so on. In old China, acrobatics was never performed in theatres because it was looked down upon by the feudal class. Since the founding of new China, the Chinese government has made great efforts to develop national arts, giving acrobatics a new life.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:15, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。

It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts. It is famous for its exquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.

2.京剧行当中梅兰芳最擅演的是“旦”。京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名。

Meilanfang is good at playing the role of women in Beijing operas, called “Dan”. According to the age and personality of the character, there are many different kinds of Dans. If she is a decent girl, will be called “Zhengdan” or “Qingyi” if she is just a young girl; the character on the stage is usually dressed in blue. The heroine of “Dou E’s Grievance” is a typical “Qingyi” character.

3.吴桥是中国众所周知的杂技之乡。据说吴桥的所有居民，从学步孩童到白发老人，都多少会点杂技。年轻人在工作间隙练习杂技。许多家庭都有独特的技艺代代相传。

Wuqiao is well known as the hometown of acrobatics in China. It is said that all residents in Wuqiao, from kids learning to walk to the old with grey, know some acrobatics. Young people practice the art during the breaks from work.Many families have their unique skills handed down through generations.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 05:48, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==
1-The Beijing Opera is considered the quintessential Chinese performance art. It originated in Beijing but has spread all around China to become a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining singing, dancing, dialogue and martial arts, it has five main types of characters: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou. These refer to male characters, female characters, forceful characters, middle-aged male characters and comedic figures respectively. Because the Beijing Opera was originally a feature of the imperial palace, it had stricter requirements for the performance, costumes, makeup and songs.

京剧被认为是中国典型的表演艺术。它起源于北京，但已遍布中国各地，成为中国文化的象征。结合唱歌，跳舞，对话和武术，它具有五个主要类型的字符：圣，旦，京，莫，仇。这些分别指男性角色，女性角色，有力角色，中年男性角色和喜剧人物。由于京剧最初是皇宫的特色，因此对表演，服装，化妆和歌曲有更严格的要求。

2-Mei Lanfang, Wade-Giles Romanization Mei Lan-fang, (born October 22, 1894, Beijing, China—died August 8, 1961, Beijing), Chinese theatrical performer, one of the greatest singer-actor-dancers in Chinese history.

梅兰芳（Wade-Giles Romanization）梅兰芳（1894年10月22日生于中国北京，1961年8月8日卒于北京），中国戏曲演员，中国历史上最伟大的歌手，演员和舞者之一。

3-Chinese acrobats focus especially on developing strength in the waist and legs. Strong abdominal muscles are the key to all precisely controlled movement involving the torso. Strong legs are essential for maintaining perfect balance while standing on a tightrope or other objects or on other acrobats.

中国的杂技演员特别注重腰部和腿部力量的发展。强大的腹部肌肉是所有精确控制躯干运动的关键。站立在绳索或其他物体或其他杂技演员上时，强壮的腿对于保持完美的平衡至关重要。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 12:07, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

1. 京剧结合音乐，杂技舞蹈和壮观的服饰，讲述中国历史和民间传说的故事。演员使用富有戏剧性意义的抽象，象征性手势，代表了英雄，神圣和动物界的人物，常常是在武术中使用。面具般的妆容和精致服装的传统特征立即为认识的观众标识了角色。

Beijing Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and floklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.

Beijing Opera, combining music and acrobatic dance with spectacular costumes, tells stories from Chinese history and floklore. Often in martial arts, the actors plays the role from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds by using abstract and symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰，艺名梅兰芳，是中国现代戏剧中著名的京剧演员。梅兰芳被称为“京剧大师”。他以女性角色“旦”而出名，尤其以青衣为主，即年轻或中年的优雅女子。梅兰芳和尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生一起，被誉为“四大名旦”。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lan, with a stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei Lanfang was famed as "Queen of Peking Opera". He was exclusively famous for his femal role "Dan" and particularly his verdant-robed girl "Qingyi", namely, young or middle-aged elegance woman. He was fameded the "Four Great Dan", along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 16:17, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lan, whose stage name was Mei Lanfang, represented one of the most famous Peking Opera actors in the history of modern Chinese opera. He was also famed as "the Master of Peking Opera". And he was notable for his performance as a female character "Dan", especially "verdant-robed girls" (qingyi), namely, young or middle-aged elegant women. Mei Lanfang, as well as Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng, was fameds as "the Four Great Dan".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:46, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技是各种技艺表演的总和，以高、难、险、奇而和谐的技能为特征。杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、绳技、顶碗、滚杯等。

Characterized by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills, acrobatics is the sum of various performances, its artistic language mainly includes super-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling, and cup rolling.

--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 02:48, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics is the sum of various technical performances, marked by high, difficult, dangerous, strange and harmonious skills. It’s artistic language is the highly-skilled body movements, including contortionist, rope skill, bowling and cup rolling. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

京剧是18世纪末至19世纪初融合安徽和湖北京剧风格的产物。

2. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy. He made his debut at the age of 11 and became well-known before he reached 20.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。他在11岁时首次亮相，并在20岁之前就广为人知。

梅兰芳出生于北京的一个京剧世家。他从小就开始学习戏剧艺术，11岁时首次表演，并在20岁之前就广为人知。--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:33, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Chinese Acrobatics became an independent and highly skilled art form about 2,000 years ago. Han Dynasty acrobatics programs included items such as walking on a tight rope, along with conjuring tricks such as legerdemain, knife swallowing and fire eating.

大约2000年前，中国杂技成为一种独立的高技能艺术形式。汉代的杂技节目包括紧绳走动等项目，还有莱格德（Legerdemain），吞刀和吞火等魔术。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 03:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
中国杂技大约在2000年前就已经成为一种独立的艺术形式，而且技术要求很高。在汉代，杂技节目涵盖了走钢丝，以及变戏法、吞剑和吞火等魔术等表演。--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:18, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.中国的京剧舞台，呈现的是浓厚的色彩之美，是一种错彩镂金的绚烂之美。
China's Peking Opera radiates with the beauty of resplendent color——vivid, intense and glamorous.

2. 梅兰芳在舞台上的容貌、服饰、舞姿、身段、唱腔，无一处不美。
Mei Lanfang's appearance, costumes, dance, movements and singing onstage are all extremely striking.

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。
Chinese Acrobatics has a profound history and is honored as a precious and fine cultural heritage of the Chinese people.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:08, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.京剧是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，另外四种分别为越剧、黄梅戏、评剧和豫剧。

Peking Opera is one of the five major operas in China. The other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.

Beijing Opera is one of the five major operas in China, and the other four are Yue opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping opera and Henan opera.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。他所取得的辉煌成就，给我们留下了弥足珍贵的艺术遗产，他为中国戏剧艺术做出的杰出贡献，将永载戏剧史册。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a Beijing Opera master admired by the world. His unique "Mei school" art has enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us a precious artistic heritage. His outstanding contributions to Chinese drama will be forever recorded in the history of drama.

Mr. Mei Lanfang, a master of Beijing Opera, is admired by the world. His unique “Mei School” art enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad. His brilliant achievements have left us with precious artistic heritage, and his outstanding contribution to Chinese drama will be recorded in the history of drama forever.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技大约在新石器时代就已经萌芽。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。汉代，角抵戏的内容更充实，品种更丰富，技艺更高超。到东汉时，则形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心，汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout in the Neolithic age. After the unification of China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from other countries and formed an entertainment acrobatic program called Jiaodi opera. In the Han Dynasty, the content of Jiaodi opera was more substantial, the variety was richer, and the skill was more excellent. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of "Baixi" system with acrobatics as the center and various performing arts in one hall was formed.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:37, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics began to sprout around the Neolithic Age. After unifying China, Qin Dynasty absorbed the advantages of Jiaodi from various countries and formed an entertaining acrobatic program called Jiaodi Opera. In the Han Dynasty, Jiaodi Opera was richer in content, more abundant in variety and more excellent in skill. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety named “Baixi” was formed. It was a system which centered on acrobatic art and brought together various performing arts.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 08:20, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 京剧结合了音乐、杂技舞蹈和华贵的戏服来讲述中国历史和民间传说。演员使用抽象的象征性手势，富有戏剧性的含义，饰演英雄、神和动物世界的人物，并且通常是军功累累。

1. Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.

2. 梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他小时候却被认为是“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。梅兰芳小时候是个没人管的野孩子。

2. Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a child, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in apperance,” without the markings of an actor. In his childhood, Mei Lanfang was a neglected child.

3. 中国杂技是一门结合了身体力量和技巧的表演艺术。它是最受中国人欢迎的艺术形式之一。杂技在中国已经存在了两千多年。早在战国时期就已经出现了杂技的雏形。到了汉代，杂技或“百戏”进一步丰富了其内容和种类。古往今来，杂技表演融入了许多不同的表演艺术，例如传统戏剧、舞蹈和武术的优点，作为回报，它也为后者提供了灵感。

3. The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills. It is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 12:54, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. With abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits.

Mei Lanfang was a great performer of Beijing opera. As a neglected child, he was considered to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance,” not a talent for performing.

The Chinese acrobatics is a performing art which combines physical strength and skills, which is one of the most popular art forms welcomed by the Chinese people. The acrobatic art has existed in China for more than two thousand years. As early as the Warring States Period, there appeared embryonic form of acrobatics. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the acrobatic art or “Baixi” was further enriched both in contents and varieties. Acrobatic performances through the ages have incorporated strong points of many different performing arts such as traditional operas, dance and martial art, and provided the latter with inspiration in return.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, emphasizing on the imaginative, the accent of which is mainly Xi Pi and Er Huang, accompanied by Huqin, gongs and drums, is the result of the continuous exchange and fusion between the four Anhui classes in the Qing Dynasty, who entered Beijing one after another, and collaborated with the Chinese opera artists in Hubei Province, while accepting parts of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera, and absorbing local folk tunes. It has travelled all over the world and became an important medium for introducing and spreading traditional Chinese art and culture.

二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School. The art of male dancers emerged in the history of Peking Opera as the "Mei Shangcheng Xun" the Four Great Dancers, bringing the entire Peking Opera to its peak, which was an important sign of its prosperity.

广义的杂技是各种超常技艺的统称，在原始艺术综合发展的阶段，它与乐舞不分，成为当时文化的主导。

Acrobatics in a broad sense is a collective term for a variety of extraordinary skills which, at the stage of integrated development of the primitive arts, became dominant in the culture of the time with an integration with music and dancing .--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:25, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一，被视为中国国粹，位列中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”，是中国和世界的非物质文化遗产。京剧场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，是清代四大徽班陆续进入北京，与湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，吸收地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合的结晶。它走遍世界各地，是介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。

Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China. It is regarded as the quintessence of Chinese culture and ranked the top among the three operas in China. And it is an intangible cultural heritage of China and the world. With setting featuring freehand style, Peking Opera holds Xipi and Er'huang as its main tunes, accompanied by huqin, gong, drum and so on. The four Hui Combos of the Qing Dynasty successively entered Beijing and cooperated with Han melody artists from Hubei province. At the same time, they assimilated some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qinqiang Opera, absorbed local folk tunes, then became the crystallization of continuous communication and integration. Advancing around the world, Peking Opera plays a vital role in introducing and disseminating Chinese art and culture.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳（名澜，字畹华，1894年10月22日－1961年8月8日），出生于北京，祖籍江苏泰州，中国京剧表演艺术大师，与程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“四大名旦”。其生前曾任中国京剧院院长、中国戏曲研究院院长、中国戏剧家协会副主席。在梅兰芳50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。其代表作有《贵妃醉酒》、《天女散花》、《打渔杀家》等。 1961年8月8日，梅兰芳因病在北京病逝，享年67岁。

Mei Lanfang ( personal name, Lan, style name Wanhua, October 22, 1894 - August 8, 1961), was born in Beijing, with ancestral home in Taizhou, Jiangsu province. He is a grand master of Chinese Peking Opera performing art, who, together with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng, is known as the "four greatest Dans". He was the president of the Chinese Peking Opera Theatre, president of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Opera, and vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists' Association. During his more than 50 years of performing life, he developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan in Peking Opera, and formed an artistic school with a unique style, known as the "Mei School". His representative works include Drunken Concubine, Heavenly Maids scattering blossoms, Revolt of the Fishing Folks, etc. On August 8, 1961, Mei Lanfang died of illness in Beijing at the age of 67.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技是集平衡、敏捷、运动协调等非凡技艺于一体的表演。许多表演艺术、运动赛事以及武术中都有其身影。

Acrobatics is the performance of extraordinary feats of balance, agility, motor coordination and so on. It can be found in many of the performing arts as well as in many sports events, and martial arts. --[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 京剧《贵妃醉酒》取材于中国唐朝帝王唐玄宗的宠妃杨玉环的部分人生经历，通过优美的动作和华美的唱词、曲调，表达杨贵妃由期盼到失望，再到怨恨的复杂心情。

The Peking Opera The Drunken Beauty is based on some life experiences of Yang Yuhuan, the favorite concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty in China. Through beautiful movements, gorgeous lyrics and tunes, it expresses Yang Guifei's complex mood from expectation to disappointment and resentment.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's whole life embodies his dedication to his diligence of continuous innovation and Excellence. He has integrated his creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Peking Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera perfect and becoming a far-reaching school in female roles.

3. 中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。

Acrobatic art in China has a long history, which is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

With a time-honored history, Acrobatic is a precious and excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1.京剧是国粹，是积淀了民族审美习惯和文化传统的艺术瑰宝。中国人含蓄、稳健、精致、典雅的精神品格在京剧艺术里有着最丰富、最集中、最生动的体现。

Peking Opera is a national treasure that has accumulated national aesthetic habits and cultural traditions. The subtlety, steadfastness, refinement and elegance of the Chinese spirit are most abundant, concentrated and vividly embodied in the art of Peking Opera.

2.梅兰芳是一个稀世之才,一个中国奉献给世界的超级明星。在他精彩纷呈的艺术生涯之外,梅先生本人的人生故事,也和他演绎的那些才子佳人的悲欢离台一样真实,甚至更为美丽。

Mei Lanfang was a rare talent, a superstar that China dedicated to the world. In addition to his brilliant artistic career, Mr. Mei's own life story is just as real, if not more beautiful, than his rendition of the tragic and joyous departure of those talented and beautiful women from the stage.

3.民间杂技是一种有着两千五百多年历史的民间表演艺术，深深地根植于民众的土壤之中，有着悠久的历史和深厚的传统。

The folk traditional acrobatics is one kind of folk performing art with a history of 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces soil with a long history and deep tradition.

--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 12:47, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The folk acrobatics is a kind of performing art extending for more than 2500 years, and is deeply rooted in populaces with a long history and deep tradition.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 07:08, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、京剧享誉全国，影响甚广，有"国剧"之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is well known throughout the country and has a wide influence. It is called "National opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as a representative of the Oriental drama performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important manifestation of Chinese traditional culture, in which various artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.

2、梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首，“梅派”艺术创始的人；同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。在西方人的眼中，梅兰芳就是京剧的代名词。

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding actor of Jingkun Dan in modern times, the first of the "four famous Dan" and the founder of the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.

Mei Lanfang studied the Opera at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11. Mei Lanfang , an outstanding female lead heroine in Beijing and Kun operas in modern times, ranked first among the "four famous Dan("Dan" referring to female characters in Beijing Opera)" and founded the "Mei School" art. At the same time, he is also an international renowned master of performing arts whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three major performance systems in the world". In the eyes of westerners, Mei Lanfang is synonymous with Peking Opera.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、特别重视腰腿顶功的训练是中国杂技的第一个特点。中国杂技自古重视顶功。汉代画像砖石和壁画、陶俑中，有许多拿顶和翻筋斗的形象。中国杂技艺人，即使是表演古代戏法的演员也要有扎实的功夫基础。

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics isthat stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. In the han Dynasty, there are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 04:30, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kaungxi

One of the characteristics of Chinese acrobatics is that it stressed the basic training of the waist and legs. Since ancient times, Chinese acrobatics have attached great importance to top up art. There are many figures of holding the top and somersaulting in the wall paintings, murals and clay figures which belong to Han dynasty. Chinese acrobats, even those performing ancient tricks, must have a solid foundation in kung fu.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:08, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Li Lili 李丽丽==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and across all over the country.

Beijing opera, also known as Pingju and Peking Opera, is the most influential opera in China, spreading across all over the country with Beijing as the center.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 07:11, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Dan roles in Peking Opera in his more than 50 years of stage life, forming an art school with unique style, known as "Mei school" .

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。在我国古代文献中，很早就有关于杂技的文学记载了。

Acrobatics enjoys a history of more than 2000 years in China. It was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and "Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. But it was called acrobatics after this period in order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju. It has been long recorded in ancient Chinese literature.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:37, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

1. 京剧是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。然而，京剧发展当前存在一些问题：一是创作人才匮乏；二是缺乏固定的演出场所；三是经费投入不足。令人担忧的是京剧是否会像旧城区一样，成为中国疯狂的商业化和现代化进程的牺牲品。

Beijing Opera is the most influential opera in China, with Beijing as the center and all over the country. In May 2006, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first national intangible heritage list. However, it has encountered some problems, including the lack of creative talents, fixed performance venues, and investment funds. The worry, though, is that, like the old neighborhoods, Beijing opera could fall victim to China’s rampant commercialism and modernization. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云和苟慧生被合称为京剧四大名旦，梅兰芳被公认为是中国表演艺术的代表。在他的演艺生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了自己的风格，并且成立了“梅兰芳京剧学校”。

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest artists of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Gou Huisheng are recognized as the four greatest female role players of Beijing Opera, of which Mei Landang is acknowledged to be the symbol of China’s performing art. Over his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and establishing “The Mei Lanfang School”. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。 “杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。近年来，中国杂技界以发展先进文化为己任，与时俱进，已经成为对外文化交流，弘扬中华民族优秀文化的重要渠道。

In China, acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years. The term “acrobatics” was given by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was founded. Over the years, the Chinese Acrobatics Society has been developing advanced culture and keeping pace with the times. It has become an significant channel for advancing foreign cultural exchanges and promoting the brilliant culture of the Chinese nation. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 03:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics has a history of more than 2000 years in China. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese acrobatic troupe was founded in 1950. In recent years, China's acrobatic circle has taken the development of advanced culture as its own responsibility and kept pace with the times, which has become an important channel for foreign cultural exchange and the promotion of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 03:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1. 京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless artists,the stage art of Beijing Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized patterns that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature,performance,music,singing,gongs and drums,makeup and facial makeup.

2. 梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融入了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派，形成独特的艺术风格。

Mei Lanfang’life embodies the dedication of continuous innovation and perfection.He has integrated the creative ideas of many arts fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera,making the singing and performing arts of Dan (the female roles in Beijing Opera) reach a perfect state,thus becoming a far-reaching school in Dan and forming a unique artistic style.

3. 近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍布世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到与中国人民的友谊，加速了中国与这些国家友好交往的进程。

For nearly half a century,Chinese acrobats have performed all over the world,displaying their artistic style in more than 100 countries in 5 continents.Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupe,and felt their friendship with Chinese people in their artistic performances,which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 06:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1.京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。

Beijing Opera, or Ping Opera and Jing Opera, is the most influential opera in China, which centered in Beijing and extend all over the nation.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.电影《梅兰芳》讲述了一代京剧大师梅兰芳先生传奇的一生。围绕着这两个人之间的故事展开的，以梅兰芳引路人和保护者自居的邱如白因为不能忍受梅兰芳和孟小东的爱情，在幕后导演了刺杀梅兰芳的事件。

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera. The main content of the film was Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill him for his falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The film Mei Lanfang tells the story of the Master of Beijing Opera Mei Lanfang's whole life. The main content is Qiu Rubai, the self-appointed instructor and protector of Mei, intended to kill Mei for Mei's falling in love with Meng Xiaodong.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:34, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。"杂技"一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

The modern acrobatics refers to the acrobat completes a series of complicated actions by his movement skills. The name “Zaji” was settled by Premiere Zhou Enlai in 1950 when the China National Acrobatic Troupe was founded.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 14:30, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、在表演艺术上广征博采吸取诸家剧种之长，融于徽戏之中。兼之演出阵容齐整，上演的剧目丰富，颇受京城观众欢迎。自魏长生被迫离京，秦腔不振，秦腔艺人为了生计，纷纷搭入徽班，形成了徽、秦两腔融合的局面。

In terms of performance art, it draws on the strengths of all kinds of plays and incorporates them into the Huizhou opera. In addition, with a complete performance lineup and a rich repertoire, it was quite popular with the audience in the capital. Since Wei Changsheng was forced to leave the capital, the Qin opera was sluggish, and the Qin opera artists, in order to make a living, had to join the Hui class, forming a fusion of Hui and Qin operas.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。梅兰芳的艺术造诣正如北大书法史巨匠李志敏的狂草一样耐人回味，可谓炉火纯青、臻入胜境。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the art of singing and performing the female roles in Peking Opera, forming a unique school of art with a unique style, known as the "Mei School. Mei Lanfang's artistic attainments are just as evocative as the wild grasses of Li Zhimin, a master calligrapher at Peking University, which can be said to be pure and perfect.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、南北朝时期，各族艺术交流频繁，使这一时期的杂技呈现出兼收并蓄，多姿多彩的特点，不仅民间基础丰厚，而且各朝宫廷表演也异彩纷呈。

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful, not only with a rich folk base, but also with various court performances.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:31, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there were frequent artistic exchanges among various ethnic groups, which made the acrobatics of this period eclectic and colorful. As such, the acrobatics not only had a rich folk foundation, but also had a variety of court performances. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:42, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 京剧的历史可以追溯到1790年，当时四大徽班进京演出，为庆祝清朝乾隆皇帝的80大寿。这次演出轰动一时，因此戏班也留在了北京。

Beijing Opera dates back to the year 1790, when the famous Four Anhui Opera Troupes first came to Beijing in celebration of the 80th birthday of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799) of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The tour was a hit and the troupes stayed.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 在他的演绎生涯中，他将自我天赋加入传统的人物性格中，形成了他自己的风格，并且成立了“梅派”。

Over the course of his career, he added his own flair to traditional characters, shaping a style of his own and forming "The Mei Lanfang School".--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics had sprung up in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense and attack formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 01:56, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==

1.京剧曾称平剧，亦称乱弹、国剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Peking Opera, once called Ping Opera, also known as Luantan and national opera, is one of the five major operas in China.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School"

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 13:39, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad.

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing opera has been widely spread all over the country and is known as "National Opera". The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental drama performance system and one of the three major performance systems in the world. Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, in which a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧形成初期，以梅巧玲为代表的一代老前辈艺术家开启了京剧男旦艺术的篇章。梅巧玲开创的梅派艺术，对京剧旦角表演艺术的提高与发展做出了卓越的贡献，也成为了梅派男旦的重要奠基人。到第二代梅派传人梅巧玲之子梅竹芬承父衣钵，良好地继承了梅巧玲的唱法，他对梅派艺术的传承功不可没。

In the early stage of the formation of Peking Opera, Mei Qiaoling, as the representative of the older generation of artists, opened the chapter of male Dan art in Peking Opera. Mei Qiaoling created the Mei school art, which made outstanding contributions to the improvement and development of the performance art of Peking Opera Dan roles, and he became the important founder of Mei school male Dan. Mei Zhufen, the son of Mei Qiaoling, the second generation descendant of Mei school, inherited Mei Qiaoling's singing style and made great contributions to the inheritance of Mei Qiaoling's art.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。汉代出土的画像砖石中对各类节目都有形象记载。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is shown that its various programs have become a series, with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world. There are vivid records of all kinds of programs in the relief bricks and stones unearthed in the Han Dynasty.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 04:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.随着社会经济的发展和戏曲声腔昆山腔的兴起，徽州商人纷纷蓄养家班，角色斗艺，并卖力为乾隆下江南收集声色歌舞，不惜重金包装徽剧色艺，客观上为徽剧进京创造了条件。

With the development of economy and the emergence of Kunshan Opera,merchants in Huizhoul successively fostered their own family troupes,competed skills and devoted to collect wonderful songs and dances for Emperor Qianlong’s coming to the south of Yangtze River.Besides,they spent numerous money in polishing the appearances and skills of those performers,which created favorable conditions for Huizhou Opera marching into the Forbidden City.

With the socio-economic development and the rise of the Kunshan opera voice, Huizhou merchants have saved up their families and roles to fight art, and worked hard for Qianlong to go to the south of the Yangtze River to collect voices and dances, at great expense to package Huizhou opera color art, which objectively created the conditions for Huizhou opera to enter the Beijing.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳之青衫亦为都中第一流人物，色艺之佳，早已名满都下二难兼并，必有特异之技艺以动人，观听者有梨园癖者自必联翩往观，第一台又将座物隙地矣。《申报》

Green shirt played by Meilanfang ranked first in Beijing for his splendid appearance and skills.Those spectators who were keen on Beijing Opera always flooded to his show and all seats were occupied.---''Shen Bao''

Mei Lanfang's blue shirt is also a first-class figure in the city, the color art of the good, has long been famous in the city two difficult to merge, there must be a special technique to move people, listeners who have a pear garden fetish will be linked to the view, the first Taiwan will be the gap between the object and the ground.---''Shen Bao''--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang’s Qingshan is also a first-rate figure in the with good color and art. It has long been known as a dilemma while there must be special skills to move people. Those who have pear garden addicts will come together to see them. The platform will be on the ground again.---''Shen Bao''-----[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.《简明不列颠百科全书》称杂技是“一种有悠久历史的专门艺术，包括跳、身体技巧和平衡动作，较晚时又使用长杆，独轮自行车、球、桶、绷床及吊架等器械”。

''Concise Encyclopedia Britanica'' calls acrobatics “a kind of special art with a long history,including jumping,body skills and balanced motions.Later,there emerged other apparatuses such as long rods,unicycles,balls,buckets and hangers,etc.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:39, 19 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

The Concise Encyclopedia Britannica describes acrobatics as "a specialized art with a long history that includes jumping, body tricks, and balancing movements and, later, the use of instruments such as long poles, wheeled bicycles, balls, barrels, bandages, and hammocks."--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 02:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 京剧，又称平剧、京戏，是中国影响最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。
Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is the most influential Chinese opera genre. It is distributed in Beijing and spread all over the country.
Beijing Opera, also known as Ping Opera and Peking Opera, is China's most influential genre of opera. It is first appeared in Beijing and then spread across China.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==
1.在京剧表演中，通常越精彩的戏越往后排，防止观众中途离场，同时营造出演出气氛节节高的效果，而排在最后的大轴戏无疑是整场演出最重头的戏码。

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and to help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.

As a routine, the best Beijing Opera shows are always saved to the end, in case the audience leave too early, and it can also help raising audience’s anticipation. The “grand finale” is undoubtedly the most important show.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.此后，一出又一出脱胎于传统文化经典的古装新戏在梅兰芳和梅党文人们的集体创作中连续推出，他们广泛地从昆曲和中国古典绘画、雕塑和舞蹈等艺术中吸取营养，同时又严格遵循传统京剧中的写意风格，从而真正契合了京剧从听戏向看戏转变的时代潮流。

Since then, Mei Lanfang and scholars of the Mei Party created a series of new ancient-costumed operas, based on traditional cultural classics. They extracted the essence from Kunqu Opera, classical Chinese paintings, the art of sculpting and dancing. They gave people a brand new impression on traditional Beijing Opera while preserved its traditional style. Audiences therefore gradually shifted from listening to traditional Chinese opera to watching it.

3.中国杂技艺术要创新，思想观念必须转变，体制机制必须突破。需要有新的经营理念来指导艺术生产，颠覆以往“一招鲜，吃遍天”的创作思路，形成“创意为先”、“以销定产”的新理念，认真研究演出市场，细分目标观众群，根据观众的欣赏口味创作构思。

The transformation of ideas and breakthrough of the system must be made in the innovation of Chinese acrobatic art. People need to come up with a new business philosophy in the industry as a guideline. They have to transform the previous idea of relying on the only one attraction into the new one, which is to put the creativity first and produce based on demands. They should make a careful analysis of the performance market, classify the target audience and arrange and preform based on audiences’ taste.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 08:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Peking Opera Danjiao, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.

Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera for over 50 years of stage life, forming a unique style of art school, known as "Mei School" around the world.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 06:43, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技艺术历史悠久，源远流长，是中华民族珍贵的优秀文化遗产。中国的杂技之乡有多个，像河南的濮阳东北庄、山东的菏泽，德州、聊城、江苏的盐城、河南的周口，湖北的天门、安徽的广德、天津的武清、河北的沧州吴桥、肃宁、霸州、以及2014年成为杂技之乡的广西博白等。

China's acrobatics have a long history and a long history. It is a precious and outstanding cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. There are many acrobatics hometowns in China, such as Puyang Dongbei Village in Henan, Heze in Shandong, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Yancheng in Jiangsu, Zhoukou in Henan, Tianmen in Hubei, Guangde in Anhui, Wuqing in Tianjin, Wuqiao in Cangzhou, Hebei , Suning, Bazhou, and Guangxi Bobai, which became the hometown of acrobatics in 2014.
--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 03:57, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1- 京剧已有近200年的历史。 ...它是中国所有歌剧中最重要的一部，拥有丰富的曲目和众多著名艺术家，在中国具有深远的影响。传统戏剧在保护下一代中国文化方面发挥着重要作用。

Beijing Opera has a history of nearly 200 years. ... It is the most significant of all operas in China, and it has a richness of repertoire and a large number of famous artists that give it a profound influence in China. The traditional plays share a large role in preserving Chinese culture for new generations.

2-梅兰以艺名梅兰芳而闻名，他是中国现代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家。梅被誉为“京剧皇后”。梅因其女主角而著称，尤其是他的“翠绿抢劫的女孩”，年轻或中年女性风度翩翩而又优雅。

Mei Lan, better known by his stage name Mei Lanfang, was a notable Peking opera artist in modern Chinese theater. Mei was known as "Queen of Peking Opera". Mei was exclusively known for his female lead roles and particularly his "verdant-robed girls", young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement.

3- 1：杂技演员的艺术，表演或活动。 2：涉及敏捷性或复杂性的壮观，艳丽或令人震惊的表演或演示。

1 : the art, performance, or activity of an acrobat. 2 : a spectacular, showy, or startling performance or demonstration involving great agility or complexity.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种戏剧形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。

1.Beijing Opera is a Chinese theatrical form of Chinese Opera which combines with music, vocal, mime, dances and acrobatics performance.

京剧是中国戏曲的一种形式，集音乐，声乐，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技表演于一体。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.Mei lanfang was a notable peking Opera artist in modern Chinese theatre and great Master of Beijing Opera. He become well-known before he reached 20.

梅兰芳是中国近代戏剧界著名的京剧艺术家和京剧大师，在20岁之前就广为人知。

3.Mei lanfang,In 50 years of his career, he played more than 100 roles which are women generals,daughter of noble families and goddesses.

梅兰芳，在他的职业生涯的50年中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色是女将军，贵族家庭和女神的女儿。--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 04:32, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

在梅兰芳50年职业生涯中，他扮演了100多个角色，这些角色包括女将军、贵族之女和女神。--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 05:49, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Beijing Opera is the most representative of all forms of traditional Chinese dramatic art.

京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术中最具代表性的.

2. Beijing Opera was the product of the merging in Beijing of Anhui and Hubei opera styles in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

18世纪末至19世纪初，京剧是安徽和湖北京剧风格融合的产物。

3. Mei was born in Beijing into a family of Beijing Opera performers. He started to learn the art of opera when he was a little boy.

梅出生于北京一个京剧演员家庭。他从小就开始学习歌剧艺术。

4. As acrobatics became a folk art, it absorbed rich nourishment from the lives of ordinary people.

随着杂技成为一种民间艺术，它从普通百姓的生活中吸收了丰富的营养。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 10:28, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1京剧或京剧，是中国戏曲的最主要形式，集音乐，演唱，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技于一体. 它起源于清朝中叶（1636年至1912年），并在19世纪中叶得到充分发展和认可.
Peking Opera is the main form of Chinese opera, which integrates music, singing, pantomime, dance and acrobatics. It originated in the middle of Qing Dynasty (1636-1912), and was fully developed and recognized in the middle of 19th century--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2梅兰芳是一位艺术收藏家，也是一位经验丰富的业余书法家。他对中国历史的兴趣促使他根据比明朝更早的原型制作了新的舞台服装. 他指出，演员应该具有良好的历史知识.
Mei Lanfang is an art collector and an experienced amateur calligrapher. His interest in Chinese history prompted him to make new stage costumes based on earlier prototypes than the Ming Dynasty. He pointed out that actors should have good knowledge of history. --[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3在中国奥运会期间，观众对中国杂技表演印象深刻.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 03:58, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
During the Chinese Olympic Games, the audience was deeply impressed by Chinese acrobatics.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 07:43, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1. 京剧是我国的国粹。从清末徽班进京到今天，京剧作为一种独具魅力的艺术形式，见证了社会的更替，经历了历史的淘沙。

As the quintessence of China, Beijing Opera is an art form with unique charm, which has witnessed the change of society and gone through the course of history since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Anhui Opera has been in Beijing until today.

Peking opera is the quintessence of our country. From the time when Huiban entered Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty to today, Peking Opera, as a uniquely glamorous art form, has witnessed the transformation of society and experienced the sandstorm of history.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 12:37, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳先生是一个爱国主义者，在抗日战争期间，他坚决拒绝为敌演出，有着强烈的爱国情感和崇高的民族气节。

Mei Lanfang was a patriot. During the Anti-Japanese War, he resolutely refused to perform for the enemy with a strong sense of patriotism and lofty national integrity.

3. 中国杂技从石器时代就已经开始了，古人在日常的劳作和捕猎过程中，逐渐的创造出令人惊叹的超强体能，捕猎成功庆祝之时，就有人开始展现自己创造的神器绝活，慢慢的这种绝活演变成了娱乐表演，也就形成了最早的杂技表演形式。

Chinese acrobatics has begun since the Stone Age, at that time, ancient people gradually created amazing physical strength through their daily work and hunting. As the hunt was celebrated, people began to show off their creations of unique techniques, which gradually evolved into entertainment and formed the earliest acrobatics.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 07:40, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==

脸谱的演变和发展，不是某个人凭空臆造的产物，而是戏曲艺术家们在长期艺术实践中，对生活现象的观察、体验、综合，以及对剧中角色的不断分析、判断，作出评价，才逐步形成了一整套完整的艺术手法。

The evolution and development of facial masks does not come from random creations. Instead, it is a set of arts created by opera artists during a long-term practice, which requires their observance, experience and summary for life as well as analysis, judgement and evaluation for characters.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

The life of Mei Lanfang displays his professional ethics that include revolutionary spirit and excellence pursuit. He filled creative thoughts in many artistic fields into opera performance, making the singing and performing of opera reach a perfect standard and becoming a school that has profound impacts in female-role playing.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

在中国古代工艺品中，常常可以看到杂技的生动形象，画师们也喜欢把杂技演出作为绘画的重要内容。这些保存下来的艺术珍品，如实地反映了当时的杂技情况，同时也说明了杂技艺术在人民的生活中，占据了何等重要的位置。

In some ancient handicrafts, one can see vivid images of acrobatics and painters like to paint acrobatic performance. The saved artistic treasures faithfully reveals the acrobatic performance and explains how important acrobatic art is in people’s life.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 04:06, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

In ancient hadicrafts，those images of acrobatics are vivid and are usually taken as the mian content of paiting by painters. So the saved artistic treasures faithfully represent acrobatic performance at that time and also reflects the important position of acrobatic art in people’s life.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 09:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

1.京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is widely performed throughout the country and is known as the "national opera". Peking Opera, named after Mei Lanfang, is regarded as the representative of the oriental theater performance system, and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is broadcast throughout the country and has a wide impact, and is known as the "national opera". The Peking Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the three major performance systems in the world. Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.二十世纪二三十年代，梅巧玲之孙梅兰芳继承并发展了梅派艺术，当时的男旦艺术在京剧史上出现了“梅尚程荀”四大名旦，让整个京剧发展步入了巅峰时期，这是京剧走向兴盛的重要标志。

In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the art of the Mei School, when the art of male dancers appeared in the history of Peking Opera, "Mei Shangcheng Xun" four famous dancers, so that the development of the entire Peking Opera entered the peak period, which is an important symbol of the prosperity of Peking Opera.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.唐代时，一些节目得到了惊人的发展，出现了前所未有的高超技艺。其中“载竿”之艺极高，马术节目也有很大发展，驯兽也达到了相当高的水平。

During the Tang dynasty, a number of shows developed in an astonishing way, and unprecedented skills emerged. Among them, the art of "Jie Guan" was extremely high, equestrian shows also developed greatly, and the taming of animals also reached a very high level.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In the Tang Dynasty, some programs developed astonishingly, with unprecedented superb skills. Among them, the art of "carrying poles" is extremely high, equestrian programs have also developed greatly, and animal training has reached a very high level.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:32, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

1.京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。京剧以12世纪中国传统习俗为依据，融音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、杂技以及精美的服饰与道具为一体。

Chinese Beijing Opera is praised as — Oriental Opera. Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China, which synthesizes music, drama, dancing and acrobatics along with very elaborate costumes and a minimum of props, according to traditions and customs dating back as far as twelfth century.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国杂技渊源流长，是中华民族文化艺术的瑰宝，是人体机能的异化与延伸，更是人类劳动技能的提高和升华，与人们的生产生活紧密相关。

Chinese acrobatics, with a long history, is a treasure of Chinese culture and art. It is not only the dissimilation and extension of human body function, but the improvement and sublimation of human labor skills. Moreover, it has close relationship with people’s production and life.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3.梅兰芳在京剧表演艺术上之所以取得那么大的成就，主要原因在于如下几端：一是与时俱进，出新求变；二是兼收并蓄，博采众长；三是随时请益，从善如流。

The main reasons why Mei Langfan has made such great achievements in the performing art of Peking Opera are as follows:first, he keeps pace with the times and strives for innovation; second, he is inclusive and boldly learns from others; third, he is always ready to ask for suggestions and readily adopts them.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 04:38, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.穿林海跨雪原气冲霄汉！抒豪情寄壮志面对群山。愿红旗五洲四海齐招展，哪怕是火海刀山也扑上前。

Crossing the sea of forests and the snowy plains, my morale rises to the sky! I pour my lofty sentiments and ambitions to the mountains. May the red flag be unfurled in all parts of the world, even if it is a sea of fire and a mountain of knives.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.京剧中把女性统称为“旦”，其中按照人物的年龄、性格又可细分为许多行当，饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为“正旦”，正旦在京剧中俗称“青衣”。

In Peking Opera, women are collectively called “Dan”, which can be subdivided into many professions in line with the age and personality of the characters. Women who play the role of a lady or women of status are called “Zheng Dan”.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1958年，沧州吴桥县小马厂村出土的距今约1500年前南北朝东魏时期的古墓壁画上，就描绘着倒立、肚顶、转碟、马术等杂技表演形象。

In 1958, unearthed in Cangzhou County, Wuqiao County, Xiao Ma Chang Village, the tomb wall paintings, whose history can be traced back to about 1500 years ago (the North and South Dynasties, the Eastern Wei period) depicted many acrobatic performances such as handstand, belly tops, plate-spinning, horsemanship, etc.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:31, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.京剧舞台艺术在文学、表演、音乐、唱腔、锣鼓、化妆、脸谱等各个方面，通过无数艺人的长期舞台实践，构成了一套互相制约、相得益彰的格律化和规范化的程式。它作为创造舞台形象的艺术手段是十分丰富的，而用法又是十分严格的。不能驾驭这些程式，就无法完成京剧舞台艺术的创造。

Through the long-term stage practice of countless and endless artists, the stage art of Peking Opera has formed a set of rhythmic and standardized procedures that restrict and complement each other in the aspects of literature, performance, music, singing, gongs and drums, makeup and facial makeup. As an artistic means of creating stage image, it is of great variety,whose usage, nevertheless, is of pretty restriction. If these programs couldn’t be controlled, Beijing opera won’t deliver its creation of stage art. --[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.他是个勤勉好学的演员，从青年时代起就认真钻研古典文学、国画、民族音乐、民族舞蹈、民俗学、音韵学和服饰学等多方面的祖国传统文化，并把这些知识融合到他的艺术中去，从而创造了大量优秀剧目，形成了具有独特风格、大家风范的艺术流派——梅派。

What an industrious and studious actor he is.Since his youth, he had been studying the traditional Chinese culture in many aspects, such as classical literature, traditional Chinese painting, national music, national dance, folklore, phonology and costume science . Moreover,he integrated these knowledge into his art, thus creating a large number of excellent plays and forming Mei school, a art school with unique and everybody style.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国的杂技演员从第一次出国演出，就成为中国文化的使者、和平友谊的使者。近半个世纪以来，中国杂技演员足迹遍世界，在五大洲的一百多个国家留下了他们的艺术风采，甚至当时一些尚未与中国建交的国家，也都欢迎中国杂技团的演出，并在他们的艺术表演中感受到中国人民的友谊，加速了与这些国家友好交往的进程。

Chinese acrobats have been envoys of Chinese culture, peace and friendship since their first performance abroad. For nearly half a century, Chinese acrobats have traveled all over the world, leaving their artistic style in more than 100 countries on five continents. Even some countries that had not established diplomatic relations with China at that time also welcomed the performances of Chinese acrobatics troupes, and caught the feelings of friendship from Chinese people in their artistic performances, which accelerated China’s process of friendly exchanges with these countries.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 09:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
1. 中国传统戏剧与印度梵剧、古希腊悲喜剧一起，是世界上最古老的三种戏剧。
它是中国传统文化的重要组成不分，是我国的国宝。

Chinese traditional drama, together with Indian Sanskrit opera and ancient Greek tragicomedy, are the three oldest dramas in the world.
It is an important part of Chinese traditional culture and a national treasure of our country.

2. 梅兰芳是所见过的最杰出的演员之一，纽约还从来没有见识过这样的演出。
Mei Lanfang is one of the most outstanding actors she has ever seen. New York has never seen such a performance.

3. 许多杂技艺术团先后出国访问，并屡获国际大奖，成为世界著名的杂技大国。
Many acrobatic troupes have visited abroad and won many international awards. They have become famous acrobatics countries in the world.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 06:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。
Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing opera is a significant expression form of the traditional Chinese culture, whose artistic elements in great many are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 01:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。
The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is regarded as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

The Beijing Opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang is considered as the representative of the Oriental theater performance system and is one of the world's top three.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。
Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performance programs in which performers rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of difficult performances.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 03:16, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern acrobatics refers to the performance programs in which performers complete a series of difficult stunts with their own physical skills.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 05:58, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.新中国成立后，京剧的对外交流主要是由文化部和外交部组织的，京剧成为国家的文化使者。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，overseas exchanges of Beijing Opera mainly have been organized by the Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Foreign Fairs，and it becomes the cultural emissary of our country.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.1919—1935年梅兰芳的海外京剧演出消除了当时西方对中国戏剧甚至中国人的偏见，促进了中国京剧在海外的传播，增进了东西方文化交流。中国京剧这一东方艺术瑰宝在世界戏剧舞台上大放光彩。

From 1919 to 1935，Mei Lanfang’s overseas performance of Beijing Opera removed the prejudice and misunderstanding of the western to China’s opera，even to Chinese people，which promoted the spread of Beijing Opera in foreign countries and enhanced cultural exchanges between the west and east world. Since then，Beijing Opera，the eastern art treasure，started to shine in the world stage for opera. --[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技艺术保留着历史最悠久的传统节目，以无与伦比的精湛技艺，绚丽多姿的传统节目，独特鲜明的民族风格，博得了国内外广大观众的赞赏和喜爱。

Chinese acrobatics reserves the most time-honored traditional programs and won appreciation and affection of the audience at home and abroad with its incomparable skills，diversified traditional programs and unique and distinctive national style.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:25, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics retains the longest history of traditional programs. With unparalleled superb skills, colorful traditional programs, and unique and distinctive national styles, it has won the appreciation of audiences at home and abroad.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:50, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.京剧主要是通过融合唱念做打的方式来叙述故事情节或表达人物的喜怒哀乐，惊讶或是恐惧。

1.Beijing Opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue, mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness.

2.梅兰芳小时候并不被看好，说他不是唱戏的料

2.When he was young ,Mr.Mei was not regarded suitable for singing.

3.杂技在一系列复杂的杂技武术动作中加入了许多传统舞蹈元素。

3. Acrobatic arts combines many classic dance elements with a physical conditioning that allows you to undertake the complex acrobatic moves that are part of the style.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 02:16, 23 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

1.京剧行当的划分，除依据人物的自然属性（性别、年龄）和社会属性（身份、职业）外，主要是按人物的性格特征来分类。

1.In addition to the natural attributes (gender, age) and social attributes (identity, occupation) of the characters, Peking Opera is mainly classified according to their personality characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅兰芳先生的理性阐述，根植于中华民族文艺理论的沃土之中，深入浅出、通俗易懂。

2.Mr. Mei Lanfang's rational exposition, rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese literary theory, is simple and easy to understand.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.通过国粹中华濒危艺术这个大舞台，让中华民族杂技艺术释放无穷的魅力，成为连接世界和平使者的纽带，并通过这个特殊的文化纽带架起世界人民友谊的桥梁。

3.Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its endless glamour , becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Through the great stage of Chinese endangered art, the acrobatic art of the Chinese nation releases its infinite charm, becomes the link of world peace messenger, and builds the bridge of friendship among people of the world through this special cultural bond.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:09, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1 业内人士表示，武戏是艺术瑰宝，对京剧的发展有积极意义，不可或缺，应该加以拯救和保护，让它重新在舞台上焕发活力。
According to industry insiders, martial arts is an artistic treasure that is positive and indispensable to the development of Peking Opera and should be saved and protected so that it can be revitalized on the stage.

industry insiders said that milatary plays are art treasures, which are of positive and indispensable to the development of Beijing opera. It should be saved and protected to rejuvenate its vitality on the stage.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2 梅兰芳将艺术和生活，和兴趣走到了一起，让中国传统书画走进戏剧，扩展了艺术领域，同时将原有的艺术壁垒打破，开创出新的出路，并将这种新式事物传到了国外。
Mei Lanfang combined art and life, and interests together.He brought traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy into the theater, expanded the field of art, while breaking down existing artistic barriers, created new outlets, and spreaded this new style abroad.

Mei Lanfang combined art and life together with interest, brought traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting into drama,and thus expanded the field of art. At the same time he broke the original art barriers, created a new way out, and spread this new thing abroad.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3 汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。
The extraordinary achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series in the first place, concluding the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:57, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao ting

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han Dynasty, first of all, is reflected in the fact that its various programs have become a series with the main content of the acrobatic system of later generations, which is probably unprecedented among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 05:02, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Beijing Opera is an important form of Chinese traditional culture, whose various artistic elements are the symbols of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera is an important form of traditional Chinese culture, the various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:51, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During her 50 plus years of stage life, Mei Lanfang improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目，包括口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺。

Modern acrobatics refers to a series of highly difficult program performed by acrobats with their physical techniques, including ventriloquism，pagoda of bowls，wirewalking，conjuring tricks，lion dances and other skills. --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 09:21, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1. 在1840年，京剧正式成形，并且在“戏迷”慈禧太后掌权期间迅速发展, 风靡全国。

It was after 1840 that Beijing Opera formally took shape, growing even faster during the reign of the Empress Cixi (1835-1908), who was an opera fan. As a result of this, Beijing Opera became popular around the country.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 梅兰芳的表演属于传统京剧。然而，他在舞台设计中引入了许多新的元素，进一步丰富了旦角的表演。他创造了一个新的风格，花衫。它是内敛的青衣与花旦的结合，在其中演员要掌握唱和模仿技巧，有时甚至加入杂技。由此，梅兰芳拓宽了旦角表演范围。

Mei Lanfang worked with traditional Peking Opera. However, he introduced many new features to its stagecraft and enriched the dan role category further. He created a new sub-category, the so-called huashan or the “flower robe”. It is a combination of the restrained qingyi or noble lady and huadan or the coquettish woman, in which the actor should master both singing and miming skills, sometimes even acrobatics. Mei Lanfang thus widened the scope of dan acting.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 演出中，中国杂技团将中国传统的抖空竹、戏车融合在整场演出中，并用探宝的主题将表演故事化。观看节目的中外媒体在欣赏精彩绝伦的杂技演同时，也亲身感受到中国古老文化与现代艺术的交融与碰撞。

The Chinese Acrobatic Troupe integrated Chinese traditional skills of playing diabolo and performing with the bicycle or unicycle into the whole performance, and presented the audience a story of treasure exploration. The Chinese and foreign media watching the performance could not only enjoy the wonderful acrobatic show, but also feel the fusion and collision of ancient Chinese culture and modern art.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 03:21, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 而京剧舞台上的人物造型也是在程式规定中尽出变化，在运用眼神和面部表情方面也要做到“眉目传情”。

The actor performing the Beijing Opera must be as dyanamic as possible based on all the restrictions, with the use of the eyes and facial expressions being expressive and attractive.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 二十世纪，梅兰芳大师为了加强女性角色在演唱中浓重和深沉的韵律增加了京二胡，配合京胡的演奏丰富了京剧乐队的声部，从而增加了演唱韵味。

In the 20th century, Master Mei Lanfang added the Jing Erhu in order to enhance the strong and deep rhythms of the female characters in singing, which, together with the playing of the Jing Hu, enriched the vocal parts of the Peking Opera orchestra, thus adding to the charm of the singing.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 近年来，杂技节目以及杂技剧的发展趋势主要是在“技”与“情节”中寻找融合点，借鉴舞蹈、戏曲等姊妹艺术的表现形式和手法，通过音乐、舞美等多种舞台元素配合，实现艺术的综合创新。

In recent years, the trend of acrobatic shows and acrobatic theatre has been to look for a fusion of "technique" and "plot" to realise comprehensive artistic innovation, mainly through the co-ordination of various stage elements such as music and choreography, and through the practice of the expressions and techniques of relative arts such as dance and opera.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:55, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 戏曲艺术的长远发展，既要顺应时代潮流更应保留精华特色，戏曲人的“破圈”之路可谓任重而道远。

For the long-term development of opera art, it is necessary to follow the trend of the times and retain the essence of its characteristics.

For the long-term development of opera, it is necessary to conform to the trend of the times and retain its essence. Therefore, opera artists still have a long way to go.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 07:15, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

Mei Lanfang’ s innovation, the Mei School of Peking Opera, is not only the peak of Peking Opera and Chinese opera as a whole, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.

3. 中国杂技的意义是多方面的，其中根本两点：一是中国杂技艺术具有的悠久传统和丰厚的历史积累，为其提供了创新的基础；二是中国杂技有它鲜明而独特的艺术风格，使其卓立于世界杂技之林。

The significance of Chinese acrobatics is multifaceted, including two fundamental points—first, the long tradition and rich history provide the basis for its innovation; Second, Chinese acrobatics has its own distinctive and unique artistic style, which makes it stand out in the world. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 09:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1. 京剧曾称平剧，徽剧是京剧的前身。同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，与民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。京剧走遍世界各地，分布地以北京为中心，遍及中国。
Peking Opera was once called Ping Opera, and Hui Opera was the predecessor of Peking Opera. At the same time, it accepted part of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin Opera. Through continuous communication and integration with folk tunes, Peking Opera was finally formed. Peking opera has spread all over the world, with Beijing as the center and it is popular all over China.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳是中国京剧史上鼎盛期和清末以及中华民国成立后文化繁荣时期，承上启下最具有代表性的人物。他在五十余年的舞台生涯中，塑造了众多的优美的妇女艺术形象，积累了大量优秀剧目，发展了京剧旦角的表演艺术。
Mei Lanfang is the most representative person in the heyday of Chinese Peking Opera history, the late Qing Dynasty and the cultural prosperity after the founding of the Republic of China. he has created many beautiful artistic images of women in his more than 50 years of stage career, which accumulated a large number of outstanding plays, and developed the performance art of Peking Opera.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 汉代是中国杂技的形成和成长期，汉代角抵戏迅速充实内容，增加品种，提高技艺，终于在东汉时代形成了一种以杂技艺术为中心汇集各种表演艺术于一堂的新品种——“百戏”体系。
The Han Dynasty was the formation and growth period of Chinese acrobatics. Jiaojia Opera at this time quickly enriched its content, increased its variety, and improved its skills. Finally, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, a new variety of performing arts centered on acrobatics was formed——" Baixi" system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 06:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==

1.徽剧是京剧的前身。清代乾隆五十五年起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春，四大徽班陆续进入北京，他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。
The Hui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera.Since the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty in 55, the four emblems of the Southern Dynasties have entered Beijing . They have cooperated with the Han tune artists from Hubei Province and accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect.

2.梅兰芳八岁学艺，11岁登台。梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首,“梅派”艺术创始的人;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演.体系”之一。
Mei Lanfang studied art at the age of eight and went on stage at the age of 11.Mei Lanfang is an outstanding actor in modern Beijing, the head of " Four Famous Dans " and the founder of " Mei Pai " art ;At the same time, it is also an internationally renowned master of performing arts whose performances have been promoted as one of the " three major performances in the world . "

3.杂技的起源是人类生存、智慧的积淀，是人类文化经验的积淀，是情感的宣泄，在漫长的人类进化过程中，人们击地而舞，铿锵而歌，在空地_上展现着最原始的杂技技巧，是那么尽情、那么投入。
The origin of acrobatics is the accumulation of human existence and wisdom, the accumulation of human cultural experience, is the catharsis of emotions, in the long process of human evolution, people hit the ground and dance, sonorous songs, in the open space--showing the most primitive acrobatic skills, is so full, so devoted.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

Beijing opera types of facial makeup in operas, is a special cosmetic method with national characteristics. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has a general spectral type, just like singing and playing music, it is so called“ types of facial makeup in operas”.

Beijing opera facial makeup is a special makeup method with national characteristics. Since each historical figure or a certain type of character has a general notation, just like singing and playing music, it is called "facial makeup in Beijing Opera".--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳是著名京剧表演艺术家。他刻苦学习昆曲、练功，经过长期的舞台实践，对京剧旦角的唱腔、念白、舞蹈、音乐、服装、化妆等各方面都有所创造发展，形成了自己的艺术风格，世称“梅派”。--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang is a famous artist of Beijing Opera performance. He worked hard in learning Kun Opera and practicing his skills. After long period of stage practice, he made great progress in the aspects of the aria of female role in Beijing Opera, the spoken part, the dance performance, the music, the costume and the make-up. Thus he formed his own artistic style, which was called“ Mei School”.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国杂技是历史悠久的传统表演艺术之一。秦统一中国后，吸收各国角抵的优点，形成了一种娱乐性的杂技节目——角抵戏。

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:32, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese acrobatics is one of the traditional performance arts with a long history. After Qin unified China, it absorbed the advantages of a special type called "Jiao Di" in different countries and formed a kind of entertaining acrobatics show—— Jiao-Di opera.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:59, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culturethe,various artistic elements of which are symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

Mei Lanfang has been on stage for more than 50 years, and he has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female roles in Peking Opera , forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

In the past 50 years or so on the stage, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved his singing and performing skills of female roles in Beijing Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国杂技早在汉代就形成以“顶功”为中心的形体技巧，顶功就要求有过硬的腰功、腿功、倒立和跟斗基本功，这种传统一直至今。

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills". Top skills require excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 06:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

As early as the Han Dynasty, Chinese acrobatics formed body skills centered on "top skills", which requires excellent waist skills, leg skills, handstands and solid somersault skills. This tradition has continued to the present day.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:15, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1，“生”是男性正面角色，“旦”是女性正面角色，“净”是性格鲜明的男性配角，“丑”是滑稽幽默的人物或者反面角色
Sheng is the positive male role, and Dan is the positive female role, while jing is a supporting male role with a distinctive character and chou is the clown or a negative character.
2, 在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质，角色和命运，是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键
One major characteristic of Peking opera is the colors painted on the face of a character that shows the personality, quality, role and fate. It is also the key to understand the plot.
3,红脸含有褒义，代表忠通；黑脸代表中性，代表猛智；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈
Red is positive, standing for loyalty and valor; black represents a natural role, representing vigor and wisdom; yellow and white both suggest canning and negative characters.
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 04:57, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.京剧的发展已有2百多年的历史,它是我国传统文化与历史的积淀,也是我国传统文化的载体。它的博大精深值得广大有知识，有抱负，有热情的青年学子去发掘与体验。京剧与大学在某些方面具有互补性。大学作为莘莘学子求学探索与攀登的殿堂,需要具有更高内涵和素养的文化来丰富和完善;

The development of Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years which is the accumulation of China's traditional culture and history, as well as the carrier of China's traditional culture. Its extensiveness and profoundness is worth of being explored and experienced by young students with knowledge, ambition and enthusiasm. Peking Opera and university are complementary in some ways. As a palace for students to explore and climb, universities need to enrich and improve their culture with higher connotation and accomplishment.

2.梅兰芳是中国近代杰出的表演艺术家，举世闻名的中国戏曲艺术大师，“四大名旦”之首，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。他不但有精妙的艺术，更有高尚的品德，是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。

Mei Lanfang is an outstanding performing artist in modern China, a world-renowned master of Chinese Opera art, and the first of the "four famous denier", whose performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character. He is the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.

Mei Lanfang， an outstanding performing artist in modern China, is worldwidely famous for Chinese Opera art. As the first of the "four famous denier", his performance has been promoted as one of the "three world performance systems". He has not only the exquisite art, but also the noble moral character, which makes him the pioneer of Spreading Peking Opera art to overseas.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:51, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics emerged in China around the Neolithic Age. The primitive man's labor skill formed in hunting and the martial skill and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were redeemed as a kind of self-entertaining game performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, which formed the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:18, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.京剧是我国的国粹，是流行于全国的重要剧种之一。伴奏乐器以京胡为主，二胡、月琴、三弦为辅。

Beijing Opera is the quintessence of China and one of the most popular operas in China. The accompaniment instruments are mainly Jinghu, supplemented by erhu, Yueqin and Sanxian.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.绘画大师刘海粟:“梅先生的表演风格，以画相喻，应是工笔重彩的牡丹花，花叶则以水墨写意出之，雍容华贵中见洒脱，浓淡相宜，艳而不俗。'

Master of painting Liu Haisu said that Mr. Mei's performance style, compared with painting, should be the peony colorful flowers with Meticulous Brushwork. The flowers and leaves are freehand and easy to see in the elegant, appropriate shade, and gorgeous but not vulgar. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.吴桥人练杂技有古老的传统风俗。据记载，吴桥是庙会盛地，过去吴桥境内庙宇林立，庵寺错落，庙会繁多。庙会上，除了做法事之外，都要举行娱乐性的表演。

In Wuqiao, acrobatics has an ancient traditional custom. According to records, Wuqiao is a place of temple fairs. In the past, there were many temples, scattered temples and numerous temple fairs. At temple fairs, entertainment performances are held in addition to practices.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 02:23, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

大约在新石器时代，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能，在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演，这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Acrobatics sprang up in China around the Neolithic Age. The labor skills of primitive men formed in hunting and the martial skills and extraordinary physical strength created in the self-defense attack and defense were reproduced as a kind of self-entertaining game skill performance in the rest and entertainment, showing the joy of hunting and victory, thus giving birth to the earliest acrobatic art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

During his more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved the singing and performing arts of Danjiao in Peking Opera, forming an art school with a unique style, which is known as the "Mei School".--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧流播全国，影响甚广，有“国剧”之称。以梅兰芳命名的京剧表演体系被视为东方戏剧表演体系的代表，为世界三大表演体系之一。京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking Opera is famed as “the National Opera” for its spread and influence across the whole nation. The performing system of Peking Opera named by Mei Lanfang was viewed as the representative of the Eastern opera performing art, belonging to one of the three major performing systems in the world. Peking Opera is also a significant form of expressing traditional Chinese culture, in which numerous artistic elements are utilized as traditional Chinese culture symbols.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 07:40, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.当你来到中国的时候，一定要去看一场京剧，就像是你到了意大利一定要去听一场歌剧一样。
It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as seeing an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

It is necessary to see Peking Opera while you are in China, just as to see an opera while in Italy.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.梅先生还是一位伟大的爱国主义者，抗战期间蓄须明志，拒绝演出，靠写字卖画为生。
Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the perform opportunities, and made a living by writing and selling paints. --[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei, who was also a great patriot, once started the pogonotrophy, rejected all the opportunities to perform, and made a living by writing and selling paints during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.各种戏剧表演，杂技表演，绘画，书法和美食会让你眼花缭乱。
A variety of opera performances, acrobatics shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:00, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

A variety of opera performances, acrobatic shows, paintings, calligraphy and food will dazzle you.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:29, 21 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

清代乾隆五十五年（1790年）起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春四大徽班陆续进入北京，与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法，又吸收了一些地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。 [1]
Since the 55th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four troupes of Hui School which are Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai, and Hechun went to Beijing consecutively, and cooperated with artists of Handiao( a local drama in Wuhan, Hubei Province). Meanwhile, they accepted part of operas, melodies, and perform methods of Kunqu Opera and Shanxi Opera, and absorbed some folk musics, through unceasingly communicate and integrate of which, the Beijing Opera was formed.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。
During his 50 years’ stage life, Mei Lanfang developed and improved singing and performing art of Dan or female role in Beijing Opera, forming a art school with unique style, which is known as “ Mei School”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

这些奇技异巧，场面盛大的演出，使四方来客大为惊叹，深服汉帝国的广大和富强。
These wonderful skills, pomp and pageantry of performance make visitors from all over the world surprised and admired the immensity and prosperity of the Empire of Han.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 02:28, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==

1.京剧是中华民族传统文化的重要表现形式，其中的多种艺术元素被用作中国传统文化的象征符号。

Peking opera is an important form of expression of the traditional Chinese culture, and a variety of artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Peking Opera is an important expression of traditional Chinese culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Beijing Opera,as an important form expressing the traditional Chinese culture,including many artistic elements that symbolize Chinese tradition culture.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:14, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳先生是世人景仰的京剧艺术大师，他创造的独树一帜“梅派”艺术，在国内外享有盛誉。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a well-respected master of Peking opera. He has created a unique "Mei School" art and enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a universally admired master of the Peking Opera, and his creation of the unique "Mei School" of art is highly regarded both at home and abroad.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术作为一种古老的原始艺术，与舞蹈一样，它产生的文化机制是多方面的。

Acrobatic art is an ancient primitive art. Like dance, the cultural mechanism it produces is multifaceted.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 11:27, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

As an ancient and primitive art, acrobatics, like dance, has a variety of cultural mechanisms at work.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1.京剧艺术是在我国许多民族古老戏曲艺术创作成果的基础上成长起来的，它所以取得今天的辉煌成就，是经过几辈人悉心继承，努力创新的结果。

The art of Beijing opera has grown up on the basis of the artistic achievements of many ancient operas of many nationalities in China. Its brilliant achievements today are the result of painstaking inheritance and innovation of several generations. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 梅兰芳在促进东西方文化交流方面作出了卓越的贡献，也是中国向海外传播京剧艺术的先驱。在国内外，梅兰芳先生被誉为伟大的演员和美的化身。

Mei Lanfang has made outstanding contributions to the promotion of cultural exchanges between the East and West, and he is also a pioneer in spreading Beijing opera abroad. At home and abroad, Mr. Mei Lanfang is known as a great actor and the embodiment of beauty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 新石器时代开始，中国的杂技就已经萌芽。原始人在狩猎中形成的劳动技能和自卫攻防中创造的武技与超常体能。在休息和娱乐时，在表现其猎获和胜利的欢快时，被再现为一种自娱游戏的技艺表演。这就形成了最早的杂技艺术。

Chinese acrobatics germinates from the Neolithic age. The labor skills formed by primitive people in hunting and the martial arts and extraordinary physical fitness created in self-defense and attack are reproduced as a skill performance of self entertainment games. This formed the earliest acrobatic art. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 11:33, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

国粹，是指一个国家固有的文化精华，中国的国粹有很多，其中与誉满中外的中国京剧、中国武术、中国书法、中国医学，被世人称为“中国的四大国粹”。

The quintessence of the nation is the inherent essence of it culture. There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Peking Opera, Chinese martial arts, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine, which are well known at home and abroad, are called" the four national treasures of China."--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The quintessence of a nation is its inherent cultural essence . There are many nation treasures in China, among which, Beijing Opera, Chinese kungfu, Chinese calligraphy and Chinese medicine are well known at home and abroad.They are called‘the four national treasures of China .’--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 02:29, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家。可他从小就被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Lanfang is a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. As a boy, he was considered to be "mediocre in speech and plain in appearance", without the making of an actor.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技的艺术语言主要是超高技巧肢体动作，包括柔身术、顶碗、滚杯等。

The artistic language of acrobatics is mainly the body movements of super high skills, including the soft body technique of top bowl rolling cup and so on--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 02:08, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. “生旦净末丑、神仙老虎狗”，这句话常被用来形容行当俱全的京剧角色。锣鼓咚锵响起，舞台两侧“出将”、“入相”门帘一挑一合，一个个鲜活的人物走马灯似的登台下场，这时观众们可想不起，后台演员正在如同打仗一样地紧张扮着呢。

This sentence is often used to describe Peking Opera roles with all kinds of professions, such as "being clean and ugly at the end of life, being immortal, tiger and dog". The gongs and drums rang loudly, the curtains of "going out" and "entering the phase" on both sides of the stage were picked and closed one by one, and the vivid characters came off the stage like lanterns. At this moment, the audience could not remember that the backstage actors were playing up as nervously as a war.

2. 梅兰芳先生是个严谨自律的人。烈酒伤身，尤其伤嗓子，他自然不会多饮。而百年老店精心炮制的药酒，饮用有助于健康。作为演员，难捱的夏日仍要粉墨登场，借助一杯绿茵陈酒解暑解乏，再合适不过。

Mr. Mei Lanfang is a strict and self-disciplined person. Strong liquor hurts the body, especially his throat. Naturally, he will not drink more. However, drinking the medicated liquor carefully prepared by the century-old shop is helpful to health. As an actor, it is still necessary to take part in the difficult summer days. It is most appropriate to use a cup of green wine to relieve summer heat and fatigue.

3. 杂技，亦作“杂伎”，是柔术、车技、口技、顶碗、走钢丝、变戏法、舞狮子等技艺的泛称。河北吴桥不仅是中国杂技的发祥地，也是世界杂技艺术的重要摇篮。作为一门在贫穷土壤中生长的艺术，吴桥民间杂技生活气息浓厚淳朴。

Acrobatics, also known as "miscellaneous performers", is a general term for jujitsu, car skills, ventriloquism, bowl-topping, tightrope walking, magic tricks, lion dance and other skills. Wuqiao in Hebei Province is not only the birthplace of Chinese acrobatics, but also an important cradle of acrobatic arts in the world. As an art growing in poor soil, Wuqiao folk acrobatic life has a strong and simple atmosphere. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 06:34, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1. 2006年5月，京剧被国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。 2010年，被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。

In May 2006, Peking Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. In 2010, it was included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List.

2. 梅兰芳通过不断的努力，终于集京剧旦角艺术之大成，融青衣、花旦、刀马旦行当为一炉，创造出独特的表演形式和唱腔，世称“梅派”，影响很大。

Through continuous efforts, Mei Lanfang finally collected the great achievements of Peking Opera Danjie art, combined with Qin Yi, Hua Dan, and Dao Ma Dan arts, creating a unique form of performance and singing, known as the "Mei School", with great influence.

3.现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。“杂技”一词，是1950年中国杂技团成立时，由周恩来总理定名的。

Modern acrobatics refer specifically to performers who rely on their own physical skills to complete a series of highly difficult performances. The term "acrobatics" was named by Premier Zhou Enlai when the Chinese Acrobatic Troupe was established in 1950.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 07:34, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.京剧表演的四种艺术手法:唱、念、做、打，也是京剧表演四项基本功。

Singing, recitation, acting and acrobatic fighting are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Peking opera performance are singing, chanting, acting and acrobatic fighting , which are also the four basic skills of Peking opera performance.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 05:38, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

The four artistic techniques of Beijing opera performance: singing, chanting, doing, and playing can be also the four basic skills of Beijing opera performance.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳所创新的京剧梅派艺术，不仅是中国京剧与整个中国戏曲艺术的高峰，而且还位列世界三大表演体系之一。

The art of Mei School of Beijing Opera, innovated by Mei Lanfang, not only is the peak of Beijing Opera and Chinese opera art, but also lists on the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

Mei Lanfang's innovative Beijing Opera Mei School art is not only the peak of Chinese Beijing Opera and the entire Chinese opera art, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.这些传统杂技节目经过初步整理，在服装道具、音乐伴奏上都作了初步加工，使之面貌一新。

These traditional acrobatic items have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes and props as well as music and accompany.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 01:48, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic performances have taken on a new look after preliminary processing in costumes, props as well as music.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:27, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

These traditional acrobatic programs have been preliminarily sorted out, and the costumes, props, and musical accompaniment have been preliminarily processed to make them look new.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 12:46, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
徽班进京的出发地在扬州，身怀绝技的优伶们，出发前一定要到位于苏唱街的梨园总局碰碰头，商量一下出发日程和演出剧目，并在那里一起摆个身段、甩两下水袖、扬几声珠圆玉润的歌喉。有时干脆排演几出折子戏，或是《游园》，或是《思凡》，声情并茂，婀娜多姿，那时的苏唱街，十分热闹。

The departure of HuiBan into Beijing was Yangzhou, where talented opera singers would get together in the opera bureau on the bustling Suchang Street to deliberate the time of their departure and the plays for their performances. They would also do some practice and
even emotionally and elegantly rehearse several highlights from operas such as Youyuan and Sifan from time to time.

梅兰芳是伟大的京剧表演艺术家，可他小时候却被认为“言不出众，貌不惊人”，不是学戏的料。

Mei Langfang was a great performing artist of Beijing Opera. But in his childhood, he was judged to be “mediocre in speech and plain in appearance” without the makings of an actor.

表演者乘小马从刀丛剑林之间穿驰而过。如果技艺不精，坐骑驾驭不灵，触及刀剑，人马立毙。

The acrobat should get through the forest of swords quickly with a small running horse. If he was not skilled in driving the horse, he would be killed at once with it.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 11:41, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1. 京剧的表演风格是安详的，既不过分高亢激昂，也不刻意一唱三叹，从不强调暴力和血腥。

2. 梅兰芳是近代杰出的京昆旦行演员，“四大名旦”之首;同时也是享有国际盛誉的表演艺术大师，其表演被推为“世界三大表演体系”之一。

3. 杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

1. The performance style of Peking Opera is serene, neither too high and passionate, nor deliberately singing and sighing, never emphasizing violence and blood.

2. Mei Lanfang is an outstanding Beijing-Kunming actor in modern times and the top figure of the "Four Famous Actors". At the same time, he is also a master of performing arts with international reputation. His performance has been promoted to one of the "three major performing systems in the world".

3. Acrobatics was called "Baixi" in Han Dynasty and “Sanyue" in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In order to distinguish it from other songs, dances and zaju, is was named acrobatics after Tang and Song Dynasties.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 13:23, 20 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.京剧,是中华民族戏剧界长期辛勤劳动与不懈探索的艺术结晶,其历史可以追溯到十八世纪末至十九世纪初清政府统治时期。当时活跃在北京的诸多戏曲种类有昆曲、京腔、秦腔、微调、汉调、梆子等。

Beijing Opera is an artistic fruit of long-term industrious work and unremitting explore of Chinese nation’s drama circle. Its history can date back from the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century when the Qing Government reigned. At that time, many kinds of traditional opera active in Beijing were Kunqu, Beijing, Shaanxi opera, fine-tuning, Han opera, Bangzi and so on.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国戏曲跨文化传播的过程中,梅兰芳先生既是第一位登上世界舞台的京剧艺术家,也是第一位得到国际戏剧界和绝大多数海外观众所肯定的中国戏剧名家。

During the process of cross-cultural exchanges of Chinese traditional opera, Mr. Mei Lanfang is the first artist of Beijing Opera to step onto the world stage and the first drama master who has been recognized by the international theatrical circle and most overseas audience as well. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.临泉是“中国民间文化艺术之乡”“中国杂技之乡”，临泉民间杂技艺术具有鲜明特色，其源于民间、活跃于民间，具有浓厚的生活生产气息，同时又有着中原文化的奔放、厚重、自由、创新，深受广大人民群众喜爱。

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan possesses distinguished features which originated from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 10:56, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

Linquan is home to Chinese folk culture and art and Chinese acrobatics. Folk acrobatic art in Linquan bearing distinguished features derived from people and flourished among people, heavy living and producing flavor and expressiveness, abundance, freedom, and innovation of Central Plains culture at the same time, which is much loved by masses.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 14:21, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.京剧在文学、表演、音乐、舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expressions in various aspects such as literature, performance, music, and stage art.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" in the world.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

In more than 50 years of stage life, Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing and performing arts of female character in Peking Opera, forming a unique style of art genre, known as "Mei School" .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 10:33, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

3.杂技艺术在中国已经有2000多年的历史。杂技在汉代称为“百戏”，隋唐时叫“散乐”，唐宋以后为了区别于其他歌舞、杂剧，才称为杂技。

Acrobatic art has a history of more than 2,000 years in China, which were called "Hundred Operas" in the Han Dynasty and "San Yue" in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were called acrobatics in order to distinguish them from other songs, dances and performances.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:14, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.京剧前身是清初流行于江南地区，以唱吹腔、高拨子、二黄为主的徽班。徽班流动性强，与其他剧种接触频繁，在声腔上互有交流渗透，因此在发展过程中也搬演了不少昆腔戏，还吸收了啰啰腔和其他一些杂曲。

The predecessor of Bejing Opera was the Anhui Opera combo, which was popular in Jiangnan in the early Qing Dynasty, and mainly featured by music for voices and blowing, the instrument high plectrum, and the erhuang tune. With its high mobility, frequent contact with other operas, and mutual communication and penetration of music for voices, the Anhui Opera also adopted a lot of elements of kunqu opera and absorbed lo lo tunes and other miscellaneous operas in the process of development.

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。形成独特的艺术风格。其中最能体现梅派艺术代表剧有《霸王别姬》《贵妃醉酒》《穆桂英挂帅》等。

Mei Lanfang's life embodied the dedication spirit of continuous innovation and striving for perfection. He integrated the creative ideas of many artistic fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera, so that the singing and performing arts of Dan in Beijing Opera reached the perfect realm and became a far-reaching school. It has formed a unique artistic style.The most representative repertoires of the Mei School are "Conqueror Xiang Yu Parts with His Concubine", "The Drunken Beauty", and "Mu Guiying Takes Command".

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievement of the Han dynasty acrobatics is first of all reflected in the fact that its various repertoires have become a series, possessing the main elements of the later acrobatic system, which is probably unique among the performing arts of all countries in the world.--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 08:29, 19 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1、京剧在文学、表演、音乐和舞台美术等各个方面都有一套规范化的艺术表现形式。

In the aspects of literature, performing, music and fine arts on the stage, Beijing Opera has a set of standardized forms of artistic presentation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

2、梅兰芳在50余年的舞台生活中，发展和提高了京剧旦角的演唱和表演艺术，形成一个具有独特风格的艺术流派，世称“梅派”。

In his fifty years of performing life, Mei Lanfang developed and advanced the singing and performing art of the leading female role in Beijing Opera, forming an art school with unique styles called “Mei School”.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

3、现代杂技特指演员靠自己身体技巧完成一系列高难动作的表演性节目。

Modern acrobatics specifically refers to the performing programs which require the actors to do a set of highly difficult actions using their skills of body movement.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 03:33, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

京剧的脸谱几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。

The facial makeup of Peking Opera has almost become a representative mark and symbol of Chinese culture as many countries often have a big one on their posters at activities of the "Year of Chinese Culture" .

梅兰芳是旦角演员，和程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生并称“京剧四大名旦”。

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dan in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.

Mei Lanfang is an actor in the role of Dan, and is also known as one of the "Four Famous Dans in Peking Opera" along with Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

杂技作为中华传统文化,源远流长,传承两千余年。从先秦的"角抵戏"起源,到汉唐成为融诗、歌、舞于一体的"百戏",再到元明清之时融入戏曲、歌舞表演而为"杂戏"。

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it became to "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties , and by combining opera, song and dance as "Miscellaneous opera" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:35, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

Acrobatics, as a traditional Chinese culture, has a long history and passed on for more than two thousand years. From the origin of "Jue Di Xi" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, it evolved into "baixi" by integrating poetry, song and dance in the Han and Tang Dynasties and "Miscellaneous opera" by combining opera, song and dance in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 02:13, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==
1.戏服通常是京剧最有辨识度的特征，其色彩和设计都十分绚丽。它们大多采用手工缝制和刺绣方式制作。戏服采用传统图案所以具有很高的审美价值。

Often the most recognizable feature of Beijing Opera, the costumes are brilliant in color and design. They are mostly made using hand sewing and embroidery. As the traditional Chinese patterns are adopted, the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.《贵妃醉酒》是梅兰芳的代表作之一。梅兰芳生动地表演出贵妃的失意、醉后的媚态和美貌，使此剧名声大噪。戏中有许多高难度动作，包括只用牙齿咬住杯子喝水，向后弯腰把水杯放在托盘上等。

The Drunken Concubine is one of the masterpieces by Mei Lan-Fang. Mei had made this play famous by his vivid performance reflecting the concubine's disappointment, her drunken charming, and her beauty. There are many movements difficult to perform, including drinking a cup with the performer's teeth only and placing the cup on the tray by bending over backwards.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国杂技有极大的适应性，表演形式、场所多样化。广场、剧场、街巷、客房，多至百人大荟萃，小至一人的现场即席献艺。正是这种广泛的适应性使其能千古犹存。

Chinese acrobatics is extremely adaptable, with diverse performance forms and venues. It can be performed in squares, theaters, alleys, and guest rooms, in large gatherings of hundreds of people, or as small as a one-man live performance. It is this wide adaptability that has enabled it to survive for thousands of years.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 10:07, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.中国的传统戏曲京剧形成于道光年间，最初是被封建统治者称之为俚俗文化而加以排斥的。随着京剧艺术的日臻完美，以及京剧社会地位的日益提高，清朝统治者对京剧也逐渐发生了兴趣，从而使京剧进入了宫廷。

Beijing opera, the traditional Chinese opera, was formed during the Daoguang period and was initially rejected by the feudal rulers as slang culture. As the art of Beijing opera became more and more perfect and its social status gradually increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, which brought Beijing opera into the court.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

Beijing opera, one of the schools of traditional Chinese opera, took shape during the Daoguang period. Considered as a slang culture, it was repeled by the feudal rulers. As Beijing opera grew more mature and its social status increased, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty gradually became interested in it, thus bringing it into the court.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

2.梅兰芳的一生，体现了不断革新、精益求精的敬业精神，他将诸多艺术领域的创作思想融于了京剧艺术舞台表演之中，使京剧旦行的唱腔、表演艺术臻于完美的境界，成为旦行中影响深远的流派。

Mei Lanfang’s life embodies the professionalism of continuous innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performances of Beijing Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Beijing Opera a perfect realm, and thus has bacome the most influential genre in the Danish industry.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

During Mei’s whole life, he embodied the dedication spirit of continuously pursuing innovation and excellence. He has integrated creative artistic ideas into the performances of Beijing Opera and perfected its singing and performing arts, making Mei’s school a far-reaching one of Dan.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

3.汉代杂技的卓越成就，首先表现在它的各种节目已成系列，具备了后世杂技体系的主要内容，这在全世界各国的表演艺术中，恐怕是绝无仅有的。

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in the series of its various programs which have the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is probably unique in the performing arts of various countries in the world.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:50, 20 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

The outstanding achievements of acrobatics in the Han dynasty are first manifested in its programs systems which cover the main content of the acrobatics system of later generations. And that is rarely seen in the performing arts of other countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 07:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.Beijing Opera is developed from absorbing many other dramatic forms, mostly from the local drama 'Huiban' which was popular in South China during the 18th century. It is a scenic art integrating music, performance, literature, aria, and face-painting.

京剧是从吸收许多其他戏剧形式而发展而来的，主要是从18世纪在华南流行的本地话剧《回班》中获得的。这是一种结合了音乐，表演，文学，咏叹调和面部绘画的风景艺术。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

京剧是在吸收了许多其他戏曲形式的基础上发展起来的，主要是从18世纪流行于中国南方的地方戏曲“徽班”中发展而来。这是集音乐、表演、文学、咏叹调、脸谱于一体的舞台艺术。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

2.He played mostly female roles, becoming especially known for his portrayal of the “Flower-Shattering Diva”; his style of dance won such acclaim over the years that it came to be known as the “Mei Lanfang school.”

他主要扮演女性角色，以对“花碎女神”的刻画而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅兰芳学校”。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

他主要扮演女性角色，并因其在《天女散花》的表演而闻名。多年来，他的舞蹈风格广受赞誉，因此被称为“梅派”。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

3.Chinese acrobats tend to emphasize balance and extreme flexibility more than the troupes do in Russia or the West. This might be due to the influence of martial arts styles that emphasize developing fine flexibility and balance.

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极端的灵活性。这可能是由于武术风格的影响，强调发展出良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 11:21, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

中国杂技演员比俄罗斯或西方的剧团更强调平衡和极度柔韧性。这可能是受武术的影响，即在武术中强调发展良好的柔韧性和平衡感。--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 13:01, 21 November 2020 (UTC)

20201215 cultexam

2020-11-16T08:21:45Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

Link to return to [https://bou.de/u/wiki/Chinese_Languages_and_Cultures Course Homepage].

'''Final Exam Paper. Please write now and improve until grading on 2020 12 15'''

You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. Please also add a vocabulary list and questions.

==Alsied, Saffana==

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==
'''Spring Festival Couplets'''

==Chen Han 陈涵==

Chinese traditional musical instrument

Gu Zheng --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:26, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==
===A. Facial makeup===

===B. Terms and Expressions===
===C. Questions===

==Dashkin, Gennadii==
=== Four Worldwide Famous Chinese Novelists of Modern Science Fiction and Fantasy===

1.Liu Cixin（刘慈欣）

2.Chen Qiufan( 陈楸帆）

3.Rebecca F.Kuang( 匡蘦秀）

4.Li Jun(李俊）or Baoshu(宝树）

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

Lion dance

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
===A. The Eight Tang-Song prose Masters===

===B. Terms and Expressions===
===C. Questions===

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
Pipa--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 08:22, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Grosheva, Anna==
=== Huli-jing figure in Chinese mythology and its analogs in Japan and Korea ===

1. Huli-jing (狐狸精) in China

2. Kitsune (キツネ) in Japan

3. Kumiho (구미호) in Korea

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
Chinese Characters

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

Chinese Mythology

A. Pan Gu Created the Universe

B. Nu Wa Created Human Beings

C. Fushi Taught the People

D. Yu Rebuilt the Earth

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
Chinese gods and immortals--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 16:09, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

===Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties===

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==

The culture of Red envelope and Lucky money--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 09:02, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
the 24 solar terms--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 09:46, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
===Chinese Red Culture===
Chinese red culture is unique in the world. As a very important cultural resource, it has both tangible culture and intangible culture. Red culture in China refers to the advance culture with Chinese characteristics created by party and people in revolutionary years.

1. Development

2. Values

3. Red Culture in Nanchang

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

Four satirical novels in ancient China--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 08:22, 9 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
Shadow Puppets(皮影戏)

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
Confucian culture 儒家文化 --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:44, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

Qian Zhongshu--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 02:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==
相声 Cross Talk

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
Go 围棋--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:04, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
The four most handsome men in ancient China

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==

The Four Grottoes of China--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:23, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==

'''Ancient Chinese Education'''

'''1. The History of Ancient Education'''

'''2.Classification of Ancient Chinese Education'''

'''3.Civil Service Examination System'''

'''4.Ancient China Academies'''
--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 08:27, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

'''The Imperial Palace'''--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 08:30, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

'''Chinese Marriage Customs'''--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 08:24, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

'''A.Procedures'''

'''B.Development'''

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

'''Topic: Chinese cinema (dramas and movies) and its popularity and affection in Vietnam'''

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

'''Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac''' --Ouyang Ling

'''A.Origin'''

'''B.Development'''

'''C.Influence'''

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==
Green Tea--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 08:20, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==

Chinese clothing talk 5-11-202

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
Chinese traditional dance--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 02:46, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
the Yuelu Academy--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 07:52, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

==Seydou, Sagara==

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
The Four Talented Women of Ancient China
(中国古代四大才女)

A.Cai Wenji 蔡文姬

B.Zhuo Wenjun 卓文君

C.Li Qingzhao 李清照

D.Ban Zhao 班昭

----

==Si Yu 司妤==

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

Five famous mountains.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 08:00, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1.Mount Song

2.Mount Tai

3.Mount Hua

4.Mount Heng

5.Mount Heng

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
Nalan Rongruo--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 08:11, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

China‘s Four New Inventions--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:24, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

1. High-speed rail

2. Scanning code payment

3. Sharing bikes

4. Online shopping

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==
Chinese Dialects方言

1.Cantonese

2.Hunan dialect
--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 08:23, 9 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 –August 24, 1101), also known as Su Tungpo, was a Chinese writer, poet, painter, calligrapher, pharmacologist, gastronome, and a statesman of the Song dynasty.
A B C D

==Xie Fan 解帆==

==Xu Jia 徐佳==
Four Folk Stories of China 中国民间四大传说--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 09:03, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
'''Four Great Pavilions'''--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:21, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
Chinese 4 great towers
A. origin
B. development
--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 08:17, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
Nanjing, An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:28, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
The Five Constant Virtues
A Benevolence

B Righteousness

C Propriety

D Wisdom

F Fidelity

==Yang Yue 杨悦==

Cheongsam--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:16, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==

Stinky Tofu

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
Panda--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 14:26, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
legalism--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:05, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

Milk Tea--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 14:42, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==
Batik
History

Types

Technical Process

Materials

Patterns
--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
Ancient Chinese weapons中国古代兵器--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:04, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

Terra-Cotta Warriors --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 02:32, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

Rural Tourism in China --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 08:22, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong
"Nong Jia Le"
1. Introduction
2. Development
3. Models
4. Discussion
5. Tips for trips

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
San Mao -三毛 OR Four Buddhist Shrines - 佛教四大名山

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
'''A.The Four Great Inventions'''

The Four Great Inventions, as symbols of ancient China's advanced science and technology, are inventions that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance. They include papermaking, compass, gunpowder and printing.

'''1. Papermaking'''

Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste. However, a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from Gansu of paper with Chinese characters on it dating to 8 BC.
The invention of papermaking technology is one of the most outstanding contributions made by the Chinese people to the world civilization. It is not only a revolution in writing materials, but also a perquisite for the subsequent invention of typography. (Fan 2015, 161)

'''2. Compass'''

A lodestone compass was used in China during the Han Dynasty between the 2nd century BCE and 1st century CE, where it was called the "south-governor"(Si Nan).
[[File:Ming_Compass.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass, Public Domain license by Wikimedia. Click [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions#/media/File:Ming-marine-compass.jpg] for original source.]]

'''3. Gunpowder'''

Gunpowder was invented in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao, was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%.

'''4. Printing'''

Printing in Northern China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing.

'''References'''
*Fan, Jialu, Han, Qi, Wang, Zhaochun, Dai, Nianzu. "The four great inventions." A History of Chinese Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015. 161-299
*Andrade, Tonio, ed. (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
*Boruchoff, David A. (2012), "The Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times: An Idea and Its Public", in Hock, Klaus, Gesa; Mackenthun (eds.), Entangled Knowledge: Scientific Discourses and Cultural Difference, Münster: Waxmann, pp. 133–163, ISBN 978-3-8309-2729-7
*Buchanan, Brenda J., ed. (2006). Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-5259-9.
*Deng Yinke (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Translated by Wang Pingxing. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0837-8.
*Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole". Isis. Vol. 45 no. 2: July. Oxford. pp. 175–196.
*Needham, Joseph (1962). Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 4. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
*Needham, Joseph, ed. (1985). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Tsien Hsuen-Hsuin, Paper and Printing. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Needham, Joseph, ed. (1994). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Robin D.S. Yates, Krzysztof Gawlikowski, Edward McEwen, Wang Ling (collaborators) Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* "World Archaeological Congress eNewsletter 11 August 2006" (PDF). [http://worldarch.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/enews_11.pdf]

'''Vocabulary List'''
*The Four Great Inventions 四大发明

'''Questions'''
*When was paper invented? (8 BCE)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==

Chinese Fairy Tales

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

===Kunqu Opera===

===Vovabulary list===

===Questions===
--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:42, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

Chinese screen（中式屏风）

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

Classical Chinese Doors & Windows --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 09:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

Yuelu Academy--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==

'''Chinese Paper Currency'''--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:51, 11 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

'''1.Jiaozi(A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty)'''

'''2.Huizi(A Paper Currency in Southern Song Dynasty）'''

'''3.The Paper Currency in Qing Dynasty'''

'''4.The Paper Currency in the Chinese Soviet Area Period'''

'''5.Renminbi'''

'''References'''

'''Vocabulary List'''

'''Questions'''

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==
'''Chinese traditional make up--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 15:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
'''

'''I.Base make up'''

'''II.Color make up'''

'''III.Tang dynasty make up'''

'''References'''

'''Vocabulary List'''

'''Questions'''

20201215 cultexam

2020-11-16T08:07:41Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

Link to return to [https://bou.de/u/wiki/Chinese_Languages_and_Cultures Course Homepage].

'''Final Exam Paper. Please write now and improve until grading on 2020 12 15'''

You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. Please also add a vocabulary list and questions.

==Alsied, Saffana==

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==
'''Spring Festival Couplets'''

==Chen Han 陈涵==

Chinese traditional musical instrument

Gu Zheng --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:26, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==
===A. Facial makeup===

===B. Terms and Expressions===
===C. Questions===

==Dashkin, Gennadii==
=== Four Worldwide Famous Chinese Novelists of Modern Science Fiction and Fantasy===

1.Liu Cixin（刘慈欣）

2.Chen Qiufan( 陈楸帆）

3.Rebecca F.Kuang( 匡蘦秀）

4.Li Jun(李俊）or Baoshu(宝树）

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

Lion dance

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
===A. The Eight Tang-Song prose Masters===

===B. Terms and Expressions===
===C. Questions===

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
Pipa--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 08:22, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Grosheva, Anna==
=== Huli-jing figure in Chinese mythology and its analogs in Japan and Korea ===

1. Huli-jing (狐狸精) in China

2. Kitsune (キツネ) in Japan

3. Kumiho (구미호) in Korea

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
Chinese Characters

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

Chinese Mythology

A. Pan Gu Created the Universe

B. Nu Wa Created Human Beings

C. Fushi Taught the People

D. Yu Rebuilt the Earth

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
Chinese gods and immortals--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 16:09, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

===Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties===

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==

The culture of Red envelope and Lucky money--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 09:02, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
the 24 solar terms--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 09:46, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
===Chinese Red Culture===
Chinese red culture is unique in the world. As a very important cultural resource, it has both tangible culture and intangible culture. Red culture in China refers to the advance culture with Chinese characteristics created by party and people in revolutionary years.

1. Development

2. Values

3. Red Culture in Nanchang

===Vocabulary List===
===Questions===

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

Four satirical novels in ancient China--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 08:22, 9 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
Shadow Puppets(皮影戏)

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
Confucian culture 儒家文化 --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 14:44, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

Qian Zhongshu--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 02:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==
相声 Cross Talk

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
Go 围棋--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 08:04, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
The four most handsome men in ancient China

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==

The Four Grottoes of China--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 08:23, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==

'''Ancient Chinese Education'''

'''1. The History of Ancient Education'''

'''2.Classification of Ancient Chinese Education'''

'''3.Civil Service Examination System'''

'''4.Ancient China Academies'''
--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 08:27, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

'''The Imperial Palace'''--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 08:30, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

'''Chinese Marriage Customs'''--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 08:24, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

'''A.Procedures'''

'''B.Development'''

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

Topic: Chinese cinema (dramas and movies) and its popularity and affection ịn Vietnam

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

'''Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac''' --Ouyang Ling

'''A.Origin'''

'''B.Development'''

'''C.Influence'''

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==
Green Tea--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 08:20, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==

Chinese clothing talk 5-11-202

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
Chinese traditional dance--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 02:46, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
the Yuelu Academy--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 07:52, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

==Seydou, Sagara==

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
The Four Talented Women of Ancient China
(中国古代四大才女)

A.Cai Wenji 蔡文姬

B.Zhuo Wenjun 卓文君

C.Li Qingzhao 李清照

D.Ban Zhao 班昭

----

==Si Yu 司妤==

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==

Five famous mountains.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 08:00, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1.Mount Song

2.Mount Tai

3.Mount Hua

4.Mount Heng

5.Mount Heng

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
Nalan Rongruo--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 08:11, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

China‘s Four New Inventions--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:24, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

1. High-speed rail

2. Scanning code payment

3. Sharing bikes

4. Online shopping

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==
Chinese Dialects方言

1.Cantonese

2.Hunan dialect
--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 08:23, 9 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 –August 24, 1101), also known as Su Tungpo, was a Chinese writer, poet, painter, calligrapher, pharmacologist, gastronome, and a statesman of the Song dynasty.
A B C D

==Xie Fan 解帆==

==Xu Jia 徐佳==
Four Folk Stories of China 中国民间四大传说--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 09:03, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
'''Four Great Pavilions'''--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 06:21, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
Chinese 4 great towers
A. origin
B. development
--[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 08:17, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
Nanjing, An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 08:28, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
The Five Constant Virtues
A Benevolence

B Righteousness

C Propriety

D Wisdom

F Fidelity

==Yang Yue 杨悦==

Cheongsam--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:16, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==

Stinky Tofu

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
Panda--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 14:26, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
legalism--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:05, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

Milk Tea--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 14:42, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==
Batik
History

Types

Technical Process

Materials

Patterns
--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
Ancient Chinese weapons中国古代兵器--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:04, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

Terra-Cotta Warriors --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 02:32, 3 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

Rural Tourism in China --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 08:22, 2 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong
"Nong Jia Le"
1. Introduction
2. Development
3. Models
4. Discussion
5. Tips for trips

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
San Mao -三毛 OR Four Buddhist Shrines - 佛教四大名山

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
'''A.The Four Great Inventions'''

The Four Great Inventions, as symbols of ancient China's advanced science and technology, are inventions that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance. They include papermaking, compass, gunpowder and printing.

'''1. Papermaking'''

Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste. However, a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from Gansu of paper with Chinese characters on it dating to 8 BC.
The invention of papermaking technology is one of the most outstanding contributions made by the Chinese people to the world civilization. It is not only a revolution in writing materials, but also a perquisite for the subsequent invention of typography. (Fan 2015, 161)

'''2. Compass'''

A lodestone compass was used in China during the Han Dynasty between the 2nd century BCE and 1st century CE, where it was called the "south-governor"(Si Nan).
[[File:Ming_Compass.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass, Public Domain license by Wikimedia. Click [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions#/media/File:Ming-marine-compass.jpg] for original source.]]

'''3. Gunpowder'''

Gunpowder was invented in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao, was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%.

'''4. Printing'''

Printing in Northern China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031–1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing.

'''References'''
*Fan, Jialu, Han, Qi, Wang, Zhaochun, Dai, Nianzu. "The four great inventions." A History of Chinese Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015. 161-299
*Andrade, Tonio, ed. (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
*Boruchoff, David A. (2012), "The Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times: An Idea and Its Public", in Hock, Klaus, Gesa; Mackenthun (eds.), Entangled Knowledge: Scientific Discourses and Cultural Difference, Münster: Waxmann, pp. 133–163, ISBN 978-3-8309-2729-7
*Buchanan, Brenda J., ed. (2006). Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-5259-9.
*Deng Yinke (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Translated by Wang Pingxing. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0837-8.
*Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole". Isis. Vol. 45 no. 2: July. Oxford. pp. 175–196.
*Needham, Joseph (1962). Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 4. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
*Needham, Joseph, ed. (1985). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Tsien Hsuen-Hsuin, Paper and Printing. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
*Needham, Joseph, ed. (1994). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Robin D.S. Yates, Krzysztof Gawlikowski, Edward McEwen, Wang Ling (collaborators) Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* "World Archaeological Congress eNewsletter 11 August 2006" (PDF). [http://worldarch.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/enews_11.pdf]

'''Vocabulary List'''
*The Four Great Inventions 四大发明

'''Questions'''
*When was paper invented? (8 BCE)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==

Chinese Fairy Tales

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

===Kunqu Opera===

===Vovabulary list===

===Questions===
--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 11:42, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

Chinese screen（中式屏风）

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

Classical Chinese Doors & Windows --[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 09:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

Yuelu Academy--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==

'''Chinese Paper Currency'''--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 07:51, 11 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

'''1.Jiaozi(A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty)'''

'''2.Huizi(A Paper Currency in Southern Song Dynasty）'''

'''3.The Paper Currency in Qing Dynasty'''

'''4.The Paper Currency in the Chinese Soviet Area Period'''

'''5.Renminbi'''

'''References'''

'''Vocabulary List'''

'''Questions'''

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==
'''Chinese traditional make up--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 15:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
'''

'''I.Base make up'''

'''II.Color make up'''

'''III.Tang dynasty make up'''

'''References'''

'''Vocabulary List'''

'''Questions'''

20201109 cult

2020-11-16T07:27:01Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 18:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

1.The book provides precious biographical records of various kinds of people who lived during the 3,000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. It is also valued as a literary work and has a great influence on the literary development of subsequent prose, fiction and drama.

这本书提供了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝三千年间各种生活的各种珍贵的传记记录。它也被认为是文学作品，并且对随后的散文，小说和戏剧的文学发展产生重大影响。

该书提供了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝三千年间各类人物珍贵的传记记录。它作为文学作品也很受重视，对后来的散文、小说、戏剧的文学发展有很大的影响。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese literature from the Opium War of 1840 to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 is known as modern Chinese literature.

从1840年鸦片战争到1949年中华人民共和国成立的中国文学被称为现代中国文学。

1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立前的中国文学称为中国现代文学。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.During the 10-years Great Cultural Revolution, literature withered. But the great victory in smashing the Gang of Four in 1976 ushered in a new period.

在文化大革命的十年中，文学萎缩了。但是，1976年粉碎四人帮的巨大胜利迎来了一个新时期。

十年文革期间，文学凋敝。但在1976年粉碎四人帮后，它迎来了一个新时期。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.My forehead covered by my hair cut straight,
I played with flowers pluck’d before the gate.
On a hobby-horse you came on the scene,
Around the well we played with plums still green.

我的额头被头发遮住了
我玩着在大门前摘的花。
在一辆业余马中，您来到了现场，
在井周围，我们打着仍然绿色的李子。

我的额头被剪直的头发遮住，
手拨弄着门前采来的花。
你骑着一匹骏马出现，
在井边，我们逗弄着仍旧青涩的李子。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1. 《诗经》在艺术创作上很有特色。首先，《诗经》里的作品多方面描写了现实生活，表现了不同阶层人民在现实生活中的各种感受，真实地反映了现实生活，这是它的一大特色。

"The Book of Songs" is very distinctive in artistic creation. First of all, the works in "The Book of Songs" describe real life in many ways, showing the various feelings of people of different classes in real life, which is a major characteristic of it.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''The Book of Songs'' is very distinctive in artistic creation. First of all, the works in ''The Book of Songs'' describe real life in many ways, show the feelings of people of different classes in real life, and truly reflect real life, which is one of its major characteristics.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学的发展，是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化，继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process in which we nationalize foreign culture by absorbing its nutrition, and modernize national tradition by inheriting it.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

The development of modern Chinese literature is a process of absorbing the nutrition of foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting the national tradition to make it modernized.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process in which we nationalize foreign literatures by absorbing their essence, and at the same time inherit and modernize the national tradition.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 13:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段：新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of New China in 1949, in which many literary schools have appeared. It can be roughly divided into four stages:new era literature,80s literature,90s literature and new century literature.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949, in which many literary schools appeared. It can be roughly divided into four stages: literature in the new period, literature in the 1980s, literature in the 1990s and literature in the new century.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 《诗经》内容丰富，反映了劳动与爱情、战争与徭役、压迫与反抗、风俗与婚姻、祭祖与宴会，甚至天象、地貌、动物、植物等方方面面，是周代社会生活的一面镜子。

''The Book of Songs'' is a mirror reflecting the social life of the Zhou Dynasty. It is rich in content, including labor and love, wars and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feast, as well as astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals, plants, etc. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 《呐喊》深刻反映了19世纪末到20世纪20年代间中国社会生活的现状，有力揭露和鞭挞了封建旧恶势力，表达了作者渴望变革，为时代呐喊，希望唤醒国民的思想。

''Call to Arms'' deeply reflects the status quo of Chinese social life and profoundly exposes and castigates vicious old feudalism, expressing the author‘ s aspiration for the transformation of the times and his desire to arouse the citizens. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''Call to Arms'' deeply reflects the status of Chinese social life from the late 19th century to 1920s and profoundly exposes and castigates vicious old feudalism, expressing the author‘ s aspiration for the transformation of the times and his desire to arouse the citizens.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. “伤痕文学”大都是以真实、质朴甚至粗糙的形式，无所顾忌地揭开文革给人们造成的伤疤，从而宣泄1966-1976年以来积郁心头的大痛大恨，这恰恰契合了文学最原始的功能：“宣泄”。

Scar Literature boldly uncovered the people’s wounds caused by the Cultural Revolution mostly in a real, plain and even rough form，thus releasing their pain and hatred from 1966 to 1976 hidden deep in their hearts, which fitted properly the primary function of literature——catharsis. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The content of the Book of Songs is abundant, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, suppression and resistance, custom and marriage, and ancestor worship and banquet, even astronomical phenomenon, landscape, animals, plants and so on. It’s a mirror of the social life of Zhou Period.

2. The Scream profoundly reflects Chinese social life from late 19th century to 1920s, which exposes and criticizes the feudal old force and expressed the author’s desire to reform. He screamed for the time, hoping to wake up people.

3. “Scare literature”, mainly simple, true and even rough, exposed the scars that the Cultural Revolution has brought to people with no fear, thus reliving the hatred from 1966 to 1976. This exactly matched the original function of literature—catharsis. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 03:08, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.建安时期，是我国文学史上一个“俊才云蒸”的时代，大量作家和作品涌现出来，使各种文体都得到了发展，尤其是诗歌方面打破了汉代四百年沉寂的局面.

During the Jian'an period, a great deal of men of letters and their works sprung up, promoting the development of various literary forms and poetry began to show vitality after years of decline.

2.黄遵宪认为"诗无古今",而不必模仿古人，只要能将"身之所遇，目之所见，耳之所闻","笔之于诗",我诗自有存在的价值。

Huang Zunxian is convinced that there is no such ancient poetry or modern poetry so we don't have to imitate the ancient people. The poetry is of great value so long as we write down what we encounter, see and hear.

3.因此中国现当代文学不但深刻包容了中华民族由古典向现代化转型过程中的真切的心理折射，而且也体现出现代中国人所能达到的审美能力和情操。

Therefore, modern and contemporary Chinese literature not only reflects the mentality of Chinese nation during the process transforming from classicalism to modernization, but embodies the aesthetic ablility and sentiment level that Chinese can reach.

4.李白的诗雄奇飘逸，艺术成就极高。他讴歌祖国山河与美丽的自然风光，风格雄奇奔放，俊逸清新，富有浪漫主义精神，达到了内容与艺术的统一。

Li Bai have written down a great number of poetry of grand and magnificent style and enjoys great artistic achievements. He eulogizes the mountains and rivers of motherland and the beautiful natural scenery by his poetry, which is majestic, unrestrained and full of romance, achieving the unity of content and art.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:58, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. Travel literature in which authors wrote about their trips and about various destinations became popular perhaps because the texts could be cheaply bought. 旅行文学中作家撰写有关旅行和不同目的地的文章广受欢迎，也许是因为可以廉价地购买这些文本。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2. After the Communist victory, only literature approved by the government was allowed. 共产党胜利后，只允许政府批准的文献。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The period of contemporary literature was distinctive as it brought into being a new and revised literary language, form, content and skills allowing it to evolve into an independent and open art available to the whole of society. 当代文学的时代是独特的，因为它成为一种新的和经过修订的文学语言，形式，内容和技巧，使其发展成为可供全社会使用的独立和开放的艺术。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4. Li Bai was more of a Daoist. Dufu wrote Realist poems and Li Bai wrote romantic poems. 李白更像是道士。杜甫写实诗，李白写浪漫诗--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 06:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==
1.纳兰性德·《少年游》

算来好景只如斯，
惟许有情知。
寻常风月，
等闲谈笑，
称意即相宜。
十年青鸟音尘断，
往事不胜思。
一钩残照，
半帘飞絮，
总是恼人时。

Excursion of Teenagers
Nalan Xingde
It seems a fine prospect similarly follows natural tendencies,
Whose way could only be learned by soul mates.
Romantic sights moderate,
Merry-making mood in a less graced state,
And to be gratified means a well-proportioned rate.
Nothing further is heard after parting for ten years,
The association of the past can't bear to think of
A crescent moon with its streaks,
And willow catkins on the screen in fluffy streaks,
Which is nothing but curious freaks.

2.莫言，因其作品“将魔幻现实主义与民间故事、历史与当代社会融合在一起”而获得诺贝尔文学奖，是首位获此殊荣的中国籍作家。

Mo Yan is the first Chinese writer who received the honor of winning the Nobel Prize in Literature as his works “merges folk tales, history and the contemporary society with hallucinatory realism”.

3.巴金《梦》

据说“至人无梦”。幸而我只是一个平庸的人。我有我的梦中世界，在那里我常常见到你。昨夜又见到你那慈祥的笑容了。还是在我们那个老家，在你的房间里，在我的房间里，你亲切地对我讲话。你笑，我也笑。

Dream（Ba Jin）
It is said that "a virtuous man seldom dream".Fortunately, I am but an ordinary man.I dream my own dream, in which I often meet you.Last night I again saw your kindly smiling face.It was the same old home of ours. You talked to me cordially now inyour room, now in my room. You smiled and I also smiled.

4. 《赠汪伦》（李白）
李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。
桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我行。
Presented to Wang Lun（Li Bai）
Li Bai on board, ready to push off,
suddenly heard the tramping and singing on the bank.
Peach Flower Pool a thousand feet deep
is shallower than the love of Wang Lun who sees me off.
--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Presented to Wang Lun（Li Bai）
Li Bai on board, ready to push off,
suddenly heard the tramping and singing on the bank.
Peach Flower Pool, though a thousand feet deep,
is shallower than the love of Wang Lun who sees me off.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 14:50, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 李白想象力丰富，一生创作了大量的诗歌，其诗歌对以后的历代诗人产生了重要影响，即使到现在中国人还非常喜欢他的诗。

Rich in imagination, Li Bai created a large number of poems throughout his life, which have great influence on the poets after him. Even now, his poems are still popular with many Chinese people.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Rich in imagination, Li Bai created a large number of poems throughout his life, which has great influence on the poets after him. Even now, his poems are still popular with many Chinese people.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。

Modern Chinese literature is concentrated on strengthening the combination of literature and people, the social ideological trend of literature and progress, and the conscious connection between national liberation and people's revolutionary movement.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern Chinese literature is concentrated on greatly strengthening the combination of literature and people, the social ideological trend of literature and progress, and the conscious connection between national liberation and people's revolutionary movement.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3.新中国成立带来的巨大历史变革﹐为社会主义文学的发展提供了坚实的生活基础。新中国的作家坚持真实地﹑历史地﹑在现实的变革和发展中反映生活﹐自觉地把社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

The great historical changes brought about by the founding of People’s Republic of China have provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature. Writers in New China insist on reflecting life truly, historically and in the change and development of reality, and consciously regard socialist realism as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The foundation People's Republic of China in 1949 has brought great historical changesand provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature.The Writers in New China insist on reflecting life under the change and development of reality in a true and historical way, and they also take socialist realism as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1. 古代文学一般包括欧洲古代文学和中国古代文学。欧洲古代文学又包括古希腊文学和罗马文学，中国古代文学按时间分类，包括先秦两汉文学，魏晋南北朝文学，唐宋文学，元明清文学。
The classical literature generally includes European classical literature and Chinese classical literature. The former consists of Ancient Greek and Rome literature, while the latter can be classified as four literatures according to different time. They are literature of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasty, Wei Jin South and North Dyansty, Tang and Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

The classical literature generally includes European classical literature and Chinese classical literature. The former consists of Ancient Greek and Roman literature, while the latter can be classified chronologically as four kinds. They are literature of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei Jin South and North Dyansties, Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
2. 近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。

The modern literature achieved progress in the mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism. It reflected reality and the pursuit of ideals through explorations ands efforts for language unity toward the popular. All these prepare certain historical conditions for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

The modern literature achieved progress in its mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.Its spirit and methods of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, along with its exploration and efforts in unifying and popularizing language and words, had made some historical prepare for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:45, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

The modern literature achieved progress in its mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.Its spirit and methods of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, along with its exploration and efforts in unifying and popularizing language and words, had made some historical preparations for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.
The Chinese contemporary literature, first of all, refers to Chinese literature since 1949. Secondly, it means the literature that takes place in the context of specific socialist history. --[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 12:26, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurs in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 李白既有清高傲岸的一面，又有世俗的一面，他的理想和自由，只能到山林、仙境、醉乡中去寻求。

Li Bai is not only lofty and proud, but also seculoar. To seek his ideals and ferredom, he can only search in the mountain forest, fairland and drunken state.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:20, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Li Bai is not only lofty and proud, but also secular. To seek his ideals and freedom, he can only seek in mountain forest, fairland and dazed state.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、《楚辞》是西汉刘向把屈原的作品及宋玉等人“承袭屈赋”的作品编辑而成的一部诗歌总集，它作为我国积极浪漫主义诗歌创作的源头，对后世文学影响深远。

The Songs of Chu is a collection of ancient Chinese poems which was authored by Liuxiang in western Han dynasty who piled Quyuan’s poems as well as those following Qu’s style written by Songyu and other poets into it.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2、郭沫若的代表作《女神》是中国现代新诗的奠基之作，在艺术上取得了新诗最辉煌的成就，是“五四”时期浪漫主义的瑰丽奇峰，其形式自由多变，依感情的变化自然地形成“情绪的节奏”。

The master work “Goddess” of Guo Moruo was the cornerstone in Chinese modern new-style poetry(free verse written in the vernacular). It obtained the most brilliant achievement in the art of the new-style poetry and was the magnificent peak of the romanticism during May Fourth period with its free and varied form, naturally producing emotional rhythm according to the changes of sentiments.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、伤痕文学带有强烈的感情色彩，但由于主客观方面的原因，作品还缺乏深度，作家“先天不足，后天失调”，知识结构不健全。

Trauma literature had intense emotions, but lacked depth due to subjective and objective reasons. The writers of trauma literature had inherent weaknesses and lacked instruction which resulted in the unsound structure of knowledge in their writings.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

4、这首诗按照故事情节可简单分为上下两端，上段写美好，下段写悲伤，几乎完整地写出了一对恋人的前世今生，使读者能够完全代入，深深钻进这个凄美的故事里。

The poem(The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter) can be divided into two parts according to its plot. The former part describes happiness while the latter one describes sadness. The poem tells us almost a complete love story between one couple which makes the readers totally place themselves into the beautiful but painful story deeply. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

This poem can be simply divided into upper and lower ends according to the plot of the story. The upper part is good and the lower part is sad. It almost completely writes the past and present lives of a pair of lovers, so that the reader can fully substitute and dive into this poignant story .--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 06:20, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Grosheva, Anna==

1. During the Eastern Han Dynasty towards the end of the Han era, the influence of the philosophy of the Confucian Classics that hindered scientific progress was waning.
在汉朝末期的东汉时期，儒家经典哲学的影响力逐渐减弱。

2. Of course, the big change in Chinese society that happened with the change of government led to a change in literature.
当然，随着政府的变化，中国社会发生了巨大的变化，导致了文学的变化。

3. Contemporary literature took on a new vigor, despite the fact that the Chinese were in the throws of checkered and complicated times.
尽管中国处于一个复杂而复杂的时代，但当代文学却焕发出新的活力。

尽管当代中国局势复杂，当代文学却焕发出新的活力。--[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 13:23, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

4. Li Bai and Du Fu have a lot in common. Both worked as imperial court officials though neither of them passed the Imperial Examination, both lived in Sichuan, and both traveled. 李白和杜甫有很多共同点。尽管他们都没有通过科举考试，但他们都居住在四川，而且都曾旅行，但他们都是科举官。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 06:47, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.《水浒传》是中国四大名著之一，是一部以北宋末年宋江起义为主要故事背景、类型上属于英雄传奇的章回体小说。

The Water Margin is one of the four great Chinese novels, it is a chapter novel with Song Jiang's uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty as the main background and the type of heroic saga.

The Water Margin is one of the four great Chinese novels, which is a chapter novel based on the Song Jiang Uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty and belongs to the genre of heroic saga.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

As one of the four greatest Chinese novel, the Water Margin is a chapter novel with Song Jiang's uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty as the main background, belonging to the type of heroic saga.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:10, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.新中国的作家坚持真实地、历史地、在现实的变革和发展中反映生活,自觉地把革命现实主义即社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

Writers in the new China insist on reflecting life truthfully, historically in the midst of realistic changes and development, and consciously take revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.

Writers of the People's Repulic of China insist on reflecting life truthfully, historically in the midst of realistic changes and development, and consciously take revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

3.抗日民族解放战争与解放战争进一步加强了作家与现实生活的联系﹐出现了各种流派﹑创作方法的作家向革命现实主义归依的趋向﹐这反过来又促进了革命现实主义向反映现实的深度﹑广度与多样化方向的发展。

The Anti-Japanese War of National Liberation and the War of Liberation further strengthened the connection between writers and real life, and there was a tendency for writers of various schools and creative methods to turn to revolutionary realism, which in turn promoted the development of revolutionary realism in the direction of reflecting reality in depth, breadth and diversity.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.中国的四大名著指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。阅读四大名著，可以了解中国传统的社会、历史、地理、民俗和处世哲学。

The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinarefer to the four greatest and most influential novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them can acquaint people with traditional Chinese society, history, geography, folk customs and philosophy of life.

2.大多数的中国人对这四部小说中的人物、情节和场景都很熟悉。它们已经深深地影响了中国人的思想、观念和价值观。现在，四部小说都已被改编成电影或电视剧，受到很多观众的喜爱。四大名著都具有很高的艺术水平，是中华民族的宝贵遗产，在中国文学史上也是一大创举。

Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people.Nowadays, the four novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series,favored by lots of audiences. Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages of Chinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.

3.与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显着。

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are belived to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the book of songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on chinese literature.

4.唐诗泛指创作于唐代(618年-907年)的诗。唐诗是汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在《唐诗三百首》中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇都为后人所熟知。唐代的诗人特别多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界闻名的伟大诗人，他们的作品有很多都是脍炙人口的诗篇。

Tang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.). Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations. The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems ofthe Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations. There are lots of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of thetwo great poets’works are household poems.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 14:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
A. 与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance, and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.

B. 这个时刻是20世纪中国文学史上最著名的转变之一，不久后，周树人就自诩为文学医生，专门疗救中国人灵魂的沉疴。在接下来的30多年里，他以“鲁迅”为笔名，成了现代中国文学的奠基者之一。

Soon after this Damascene moment — one of the most celebrated conversions in 20th-century Chinese culture — Zhou began his career as the self-appointed literary doctor of China’s spiritual ills. Across the next three decades, under the pen name Lu Xun, he became one of the founding figures of modern Chinese literature.

C. 莫言已出版各种主题的长篇小说、短篇小说和散文，尽管作为当代最重要的作家之一，他的社会批判显露在其寻根文学中，诺贝尔委员会指出。

Mo Yan has published novels, short stories and essays on various topics, and despite his social criticism is seen in his homeland as one of the foremost contemporary authors, the Nobel committee noted.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 04:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1.中国文学的历史已有数千年的历史，从最早的朝代宫廷档案到明代兴起的成熟的乡土小说，都应运而生。

The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature vernacular fiction novels that arose during the Ming dynasty to entertain the masses of literate Chinese.

The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and different types of literature emerged from the earliest court records of dynasties to the mature local novels arising in the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学史记载了至少3000年前的不间断历史，其历史至少可以追溯到公元前14世纪。中国现代文学以丰富的文化为基础，蓬勃发展。

Chinese Modern Literature is a record of an uninterrupted history of more than 3,000 years, dating back at least to the 14th century BC. Based on luxuriant culture, Chinese Modern literature developed flourishingly.

The history of modern Chinese literature records an uninterrupted history at least 3000 years ago, and its history can be traced back to at least the 14th century BC. Modern Chinese literature is flourishing based on rich culture.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 06:21, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国当代文学可以定义为古典文学向现代的过渡。

Chinese contemporary literature can be defined as a transition of classical literature to the present-age.--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 12:09, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature can be defined as the transition from classical literature to the modern literature.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

1. 小说中曹雪芹没有直接描写皇室的生活，而是通过刘一贾、史、王、薛四大家族的描写，其中又集中到贾府的兴衰。

In Cao Xueqin's display，his angle shifted from kinsmen of the emperor to focusing on Jia，Shi，Wang,and Xue Families，and then shifted from these four families to Jia Fami1y.

Without a direct display of the life of royal family, Can Xueqin depicted the Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue families, among which the rise and fall of the Jia families was his focus.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:18, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.于千万人之中遇见你所遇见的人，于千万年之中，时间的无涯的荒野里，没有早一步，也没有晚一步，刚巧赶上了，那也没有别的话可说，惟有轻轻的问一声：“哦，你也在这里吗？”

When you meet the one among the millions, or in many years, across the borderless wastes of time, you happen to catch him or her, neither a step too early nor a step too late, what else is there to do except to ask softly: "So you're here, too?"

3. 他出身贫寒家庭，20岁参军的同时开始写小说。他的第一部小说《太阳下山》（The Sun Goes Down）是一本非官方英文译本，讲述的是两位军人英雄，他们因一名年轻的陆军厨师自杀而互相指责，从而毁了他们的声誉和友谊。

Born into a poor family, he began writing fiction at the same time as he joined the Chinese army at the age of 20. His first novel, called The Sun Goes Down in an unofficial English translation, was about two soldier-heroes who destroy their reputations and the friendship between them when they blame each other for the suicide of a young army cook.

4. 这首诗对商妇的各个生活阶段，通过生动具体的生活侧面的描绘，在读者面前展开了一幅幅鲜明生动的画面。

This poem unfolds a vivid picture for the readers through a concrete description of the various life of the Shang women.--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 16:28, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

This poem has depicted a vivid picture to the readers through vivid and concrete description of the life stages of the Shang women.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 05:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. The most prominent literary achievement in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) is the ci lyric, a type of poetry with lines of irregular length and set to music. It originated in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and fully developed in the Song Dynasty. Song lyrics took on two different styles.

宋代（960-1279）最杰出的文学成就是抒情诗，这是一种诗词，其诗篇幅不规则，并以音乐为背景, 它起源于唐代中期，并在宋代全面发展。

2. Literature in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) is known for its zaju or poetic drama set to music. The new dramatic form zaju reflects the various aspects of Yuan society.

元代（1271-1368年）的文学因以杂剧或诗歌形式的音乐剧而闻名。新的戏剧形式杂剧反映了元代社会的各个方面。

3. On May 4, 1919, a massive anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement broke out in China. It aimed at overthrowing Confucianism and promoting science, democracy, and writing in the vernacular.

1919年5月4日，中国爆发了大规模的反帝反封建爱国运动。它旨在推翻儒家思想，促进科学，民主和白话文写作。

4. Literature of the new period reflects various aspects of life of the changing society.

新时期的文学反映了变化中的社会生活的各个方面。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 01:50, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.《水浒传》在描绘这些英雄人物形象的时候，着重刻画他们每个人不同的性格。明末清初小说评论家金圣叹对于这一点做过精彩的分析。他认为，《水浒传》之所以吸引人，感动人，使人百读不厌，主要就在于它把这些英雄人物的独特的性格都写了出来。

In the traditional Chinese classic Water Margin, each hero are depicted with different personality The late Ming and early Qing dynasties novel critic Jin Shengqi did a wonderful analysis of this point. He believed that the "Water Margin" is so attractive and moving that people do not get tired of reading. The main reason for this is the unique characters of these heroes are fully portrayed.

2.王安忆的小说，多以平凡的小人物为主人公，这一点和80后作家李子悦有着共同的表现形式，著名演员周星驰也注重从平凡生活中的不平凡经历与情感，挖掘生活，在艺术表现上，她的早期小说多感情抒发，近期创作则趋于冷静和细致。

Wang Anyi's novels are ists, which has a common expression with the post-80s writer Li Zi Yue. The famous actor Zhou Xingchi also focuses on the extraordinary experiences and emotions from ordinary life, digging into life. In terms of artistic expression, her early novels express more feelings while recent works tend to be calm and meticulous.

3.老舍作品为中国现代文学创造了一个丰满完整的市民世界和独特生动的市民形象体系，风格独特，成就卓著，为推动中国现代文学创作的发展作出了重要贡献。

Lao She's works have created a rich and complete world of citizens and a unique and vivid system of citizen images for modern Chinese literature, with a unique style and outstanding achievements. He has made important contributions to the development of modern Chinese literature.

4.《长干行》的风格缠绵婉转，具有柔和深沉的美。
The style of "Chang Gan Xing" is lingering and melodious, with a soft and deep beauty.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 05:47, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧以及民间神话传说故事等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

There are many kinds of style in Chinese classical literature, such as poetry, prose, novel, drama and folklore. In various styles, there are also a variety of artistic expression techniques, which makes Chinese classical literature present a colorful and magnificent prospect.

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁﹐在叙述角度﹑抒情方式﹑描写手段及结构组成上﹐都有新的创造﹐具有现代化的特点﹐从而与世界文学潮流相一致﹐成为真正现代意义上的文学。

Modern Chinese literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society, which is widely influenced by foreign literature. It not only uses modern language to express modern scientific and democratic thoughts, but also innovates traditional literature in artistic forms and expression techniques. It establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novel, essay, prose poem, reportage, etc. it has new creation in narrative angle, lyric way, description means and structural composition, and has modern characteristics In line with the trend of world literature, it has become a real modern literature.

3.中国当代dao文学是中制国历史发生天翻地覆变革的时期，是中国文学由古典走向现代的时期。洞悉这一时期文学思潮变动的惊涛骇浪，也就可以读懂中国文学由古典形态向现代形态转换的历史必然性以及促成这一文学转折的多重因素。

Chinese contemporary D literature is a period of great changes in the history of China's system of state, and it is a period of time when Chinese literature changes from classical to modern. If we have a thorough understanding of the turbulent changes of literary thoughts in this period, we can understand the historical inevitability of the transformation of Chinese literature from classical form to modern form and the multiple factors that contributed to this literary transition.

4.诗人李白写过很多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行》就是其中杰出的诗篇。

Li Bai, a poet, has written many works reflecting women's life, among which the long march is an outstanding one.

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。

1. Chinese classical literature broadly refers to Chinese literature from pre-Qin to the end of Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, stylistic origin and development, literary movements, schools, literary theories, textual research and research of writers' works, and so on.

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁.

2. Chinese modern literature is a new literature which is widely influenced by foreign literature under the condition of historic changes in Chinese society. It not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in both artistic forms and expression techniques, and establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novels, essays, prose poems and reportage.

3. 在当代文学面向世界的新的历史条件下，有选择地吸收外来文化中一切好的内容和形式，溶化到本民族文艺的血液之中,以丰富和提高本民族的文艺,成为新时期作家艺术探索的重要课题。

3. Under the new historical conditions of contemporary literature facing the world, it has become an important topic for writers to explore art in the new period by selectively absorbing all the good contents and forms from foreign cultures and melting them into the blood of their own literature and art.

Under the new historical conditions in which contemporary literature is open to the world, it has become an important issue for writers in the new era to selectively absorb all the good contents and forms of foreign cultures, and melt them into the blood of their own national literature and art in order to enrich and improve it.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 05:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 唐诗是我国诗歌发展的最高成就。它继承了魏晋以来的诗歌精华，而且由于唐代开放的风气，清明的政治，以及统治者的推崇，使唐代诗歌有了长足的发展，如唐代科举制就要专门的考诗歌。

4. Tang poetry is the highest achievement in the development of Chinese poetry. It inherited the essence of poetry since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and due to the open atmosphere, clear politics and the esteem of rulers in Tang Dynasty, the poetry in Tang Dynasty has made great progress. For example, the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty required special examination of poetry.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:18, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The poetry in Tang Dynasty boasted the highest achievement of the Chinese poetry, which inherited the essence of poetry since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and due to the open atmosphere, clear politics and the esteem of rulers in Tang Dynasty, the poetry in Tang Dynasty has made great progress. For example, the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty required special examination of poetry.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

东汉末年，社会动荡不安。曹操挟持汉献帝，统一北方，社会有了比较安定的环境。曹操父子皆有高度的文学修养，由于他们的提倡，一度衰微的文学有了新的生机。

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turbulence, as Cao Cao hijacked Emperor HanXiandi and unified the north, and society gained a relatively stable environment. Both Cao Cao and his son have a high level of literary accomplishment. Thanks to their advocacy, the once declining literature has grown new vitality.

《骆驼祥子》是人民艺术家——老舍（舒庆春，1899-1966）所著的长篇小说，描述了20世纪20年代军阀混战时期人力车夫的悲惨命运。祥子是旧社会劳苦大众的代表人物。

"Camel Xiangzi" is a novel written by Lao She (Shu Qingchun, 1899-1966), known by the people's artist, which describes the tragic fate of a rickshaw driver during the warlord melee in the 1920s, who is a representative of the toiling masses in the old society.

贾平凹的小说在思想内容上大多都是描写现实的，如《浮躁》以农村青年金狗与小水之间的感情经历为主线，描写了改革开放初始阶段暴露出来的问题。

Most of Jia Pingwa's novels describe reality in terms of ideological content. For example, Turbulabce takes the love line between a rural young couple named JIngou and Xiaoshui to describes the exposed problems in the initial stage of reform and opening up.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 11:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1.“古典”在拉丁文中是“第一流的、典范的”意思。欧洲文艺复兴时期，文艺理论家以古希腊、罗马的优秀作品为典范，称为古典文学。在中国，把从远古流传下来的原始歌谣和神话传说，直到五四以前大量的有一定价值的文学作品，叫古典文学。

"Classical" means "first-rate and exemplary" in Latin. During the Renaissance in Europe, the theorists took those excellent works of ancient Greece and Rome as models and called them classical literature. While in China, the classical literature refers to the primitive ballads and myths handed down from time immemorial and the valuable literary works born before the May 4th Movement.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.这是完美的道格拉斯·亚当斯式的幽默，根植于语言、角色以及对语调和速度的完美控制，正是这些使得《银河系漫游指南》成为现代文学真正的经典。

This is Douglas Adams' humour, rooted in language, characters and the sheer control of tone and pacing, which makes The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy a genuine classic of modern literature.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.随之涌现了一大批当代文学作品，但其中大部分都很平庸。

This was accompanied by a flood of contemporary literature, most of it mediocre.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Followed by it was a flood of contemporary literature,most of which,however,were medicore.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 14:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《清明》
杜牧（唐代）
清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。

Tomb-sweeping Day
Du Mu（Tang Dynasty）
It's rainy in this tomb-sweeping day,
and passersby were battered out of their senses.
I asked a local where I can purchase some wine,
then the cowboy said nothing but pointed at the distant village which is nestling amidst apricot blossoms.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 《孔雀东南飞》主要讲述了焦仲卿、刘兰芝夫妇被迫分离并双双自杀的故事，控诉了封建礼教的残酷无情，歌颂了焦刘夫妇的真挚感情和反抗精神。

Peacock Flies Southeast mainly tells the story of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi who were forced to separate and committed suicide, accuses the ruthlessness of feudal ethics and extols the sincere love and rebellious spirit of Jiao and Liu.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Peacock Flies Southeast mainly tells the story of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanshi who were forced to separate and then committed suicide，which accuses the ruthlessness of feudal ethics while extolling the sincere love and rebellious spirit of these two main characters.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 01:38, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 《雷雨》以1925年前后的中国社会为背景，描写了一个带有浓厚封建色彩的资产阶级家庭的悲剧。该剧情节扣人心弦、语言精炼含蓄，人物各具特色，是“中国话剧现实主义的基石”，中国现代话剧成熟的里程碑。

Thunderstorm, with Chinese society around 1925 as the background, describes the tragedy of a bourgeois family with a strong feudal color. The drama is exciting in story, concise and subtle in language, and the characters have their own features. It is "the cornerstone of Chinese drama realism" and a milestone of the maturity of Chinese modern drama.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.《平凡的世界》以中国70年代中期到80年代中期十年间为背景，以孙少安和孙少平两兄弟为中心，刻画了当时社会各阶层众多普通人的形象,深刻地展示了普通人在大时代历史进程中所走过的艰难曲折的道路。

"Ordinary World" is set in China from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s and centered on two brothers, Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping. It depicts the images of many ordinary people from all classes at that time, and profoundly shows the difficult and tortuous road that ordinary people have gone through in the historical process of the great times.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《长干行》描绘了商妇各个生活阶段的各个生活侧面，展现了一幅幅鲜明生动的画面，塑造出了一个对理想生活执着追求和热切向往的商贾思妇的艺术形象.

"The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter" depicts every aspect of the life of a businesswoman at every stage of her life, showing vivid pictures, and shaping an artistic image of a businesswoman who pursues and longs for her ideal life.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1、改革开放 40 年来，中国古典文学研究事业在经典中寻找方向，在传统中汲取力量，在创新中积累经验，在回归中实现超越。

Over the past 40 years since the reform and opening up, the research on Chinese classical literature has been looking for direction in classics, gaining strength from tradition, accumulating experience in innovation and
surpassing predecessors when going back to the tradition.

2、鲁迅先生为现代文学第一人，小说代表作《呐喊》、《彷徨》和《故事新编》，鲁迅先生未创作创篇小说，以上所述都为中短篇小说集。

Mr. Lu Xun is the first person in modern literature, and his representative novels are The Scream, Wandering and New Stories.Mr. Lu Xun has not written any creative novels, and all of the above are collections of short stories.

2. Lu Xun is the leading person in modern literature, and his representative novels are The Scream, Wandering and New Stories.Mr. Lu Xun has not written any creative novels, and all of the above are collections of short stories.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:00, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3、《边城》寄托着沈从文“美”与“爱”的美学理想，是他的作品中最能表现人性美的一部。

Frontier City embodies Shen Congwen's aesthetic ideals of "beauty" and "love," and is the one of his works that best expresses the beauty of human nature.

4、《江雪》是唐朝诗人柳宗元经典的诗作。在中国，这首诗被选入国内小学课本和许多对外汉语教材之中，是脍炙人口的名篇。
Fishing in Snow is a classical poem by Liu Zongyuan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In China, this poem was selected into elementary school textbook and many Foreign-Chinese textbooks，and it is a well-known poem.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 06:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、《山海经》是中国一部记述古代志怪的古籍，大体是战国中后期到汉代初中期的楚国或巴蜀人所作。它是一部荒诞不经的奇书。

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is an ancient Chinese book describing ancient supernatural beings. It was written by people of Chu or Bashu from the middle and late Warring States period to the early and middle Han Dynasty. It is a fantastic and absurd book.

2、唐代建国初的诗歌仍沿着南朝诗歌的惯性发展，柔靡纤弱，毫无生气。“初唐四杰”的出现开始转变了这种风气。他们才气横溢，不满现状，通过自己的诗作抒发愤激不平之情和壮烈的怀抱，拓宽了诗歌题材。

The poetry of the early Tang Dynasty still developed along the inertia of the poetry of the South Dynasty, which was soft, delicate and lifeless. The appearance of the "Four Great Poets " in the early Tang Dynasty began to change this trend. They are brilliant, dissatisfied with the status quo.they broaden the theme of poetry through their own poems to express the feelings of injustice and heroic embrace.

3、贾平凹作为陕西文坛的优秀代表，成为享誉海内外的文学大师，数十年如一日，笔耕不辍，以一个作家无比悲悯的情怀，深邃而富有远见的思想讴歌着时代，赞美着人性，用他的作品感动着亿万中国人的心。

Jia Pingwa, as an outstanding representative of shaanxi literature, has become a famous literary master at home and abroad. For decades, he has been working tirelessly, eulogizing the Times and human nature with his profound and far-sighted thoughts, and touching the hearts of millions of Chinese people with his works.

4、中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现了现代科学民主思想，而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society and widely accepted the influence of foreign literature. It not only expresses the thought of science and democracy with modern language, but also innovates the traditional literature in art form and expression technique.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 13:48, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1.中国古代文学是中华文明的重要组成部分，它的历史悠久，其起源，约略同中华文明的起源同步。
Ancient Chinese literature is an important part of Chinese civilization. With a long history, it came into being as early as Chinese civilization.

2.近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。
The achievements of modern literature lie in its progressive mainstream of anti- imperialism and anti-feudalism, its spirit and method of reflecting reality and pursuing ideal, and its exploration and efforts towards language integration and popularization, which provided certain historical conditions for the New Literature Movement in the May 4th movement.

3.现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁﹐
Contemporary culture not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in artistic forms and expression techniques, which establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novel, essay, prose poem, reportage, etc.

4.唐诗是中华民族珍贵的文化遗产之一，是中华文化宝库中的一颗明珠，同时也对世界上许多国家的文化发展产生了很大影响，对于后人研究唐代的政治、民情、风俗、文化等都有重要的参考意义。
Tang poetry is one of the precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. At the same time, it has a great influence on the cultural development of many countries in the world. It also has important reference significance for the later generations to study the politics, folk lifestyles, customs and culture of the Tang Dynasty.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:54, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Tang poetry is one of the precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. At the same time, it has a great influence on the cultural development of many countries in the world. It is of great significance for mentoring the later generations to study the politics, folk lifestyles, customs and culture of the Tang Dynasty.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:24, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、词、赋等多种表现形式，从而使中国古典文学呈现多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，收入自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌311篇，又称《诗三百》。《诗经》共有风、雅、颂三个部分，对中国的文学史、政治、语言、甚至思想上都有着非常深远的影响。

The Chinese classic literature has many forms of expression, such as poetry, prose, novels, dramas, Ci and Fu, thus making the Chinese classical literature colorful and magnificent. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. It contains 311 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. It consists of three parts: Feng, Ya and Song, which have a profound influence on the history of Chinese literature, politics, language and even thoughts. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想，而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。鲁迅是新文化运动的重要参与者，也是中国现代文学的奠基人之一。

Modern Chinese literature not only expresses scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in terms of art form and expression techniques. Lu Xun was an important participant in the new culture movement and one of the founders of modern Chinese literature. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 自从上个世纪末到新世纪以来，指责中国当代文学创作的批评声不绝于耳。21世纪的当代中国文学应该努力继承鲁迅留下的丰富遗产，当前尤其应在学习和弘扬鲁迅清醒的现实主义的批判精神、自觉的启蒙精神和独立的人格精神等方面做出切实而有效的努力。

From the end of last century to the new century, contemporary Chinese literacy works have been receiving criticism all the time. The 21st century contemporary Chinese literature should work hard to inherit the rich heritage left by Lu Xun. At present, we should especially make great efforts to study and carry forward the sober and realistic spirit of criticism, the conscientious spirit of enlightenment, and the independent spirit of personality. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 唐代大诗人李白不经意的吟诵，把我们带进人间仙境。

Such a casual poetry of the great poet Li Bai has brought us into a heaven on earth. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1. 中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

Chinese classical literature is an excellent work with brilliant brilliance in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature.For thousands of years, Chinese traditional culture has nurtured Chinese classical literature, which in turn has greatly enriched Chinese traditional culture and made it more profoundly influential.

Chinese classical literature is an excellent work shining brilliant glory in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature.For thousands of years, Chinese traditional culture has nurtured Chinese classical literature, which in turn has greatly enriched Chinese traditional culture and made it more profoundly influential.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:58, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society,which is greatly influenced by foreign literature.

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed by greatly aborsobing foreign literature under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:58, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国自由文学在民间又称贫民窟文学，其概念出现于上世纪九十年代，以中国自由作家为代表，数十年扎根中国社会底层及贫民窟，极大的同情与关注社会底层贫民的生存状态，所创作的小说均表现中国社会边缘知识分子与社会底层贫民以及下层妓女的悲怆爱情故事，为新时期中国当代文学的代表作。

Chinese free literature is also known as slum literature among the people,which appeared in the 1990s.It’s represented by Chinese free writers who have been rooted in the bottom of Chinese society and slums for decades,showing great empathy and concern for the living conditions of the poor at the bottom of Chinese society.Their novels depicted the pathetic love stories between the marginal intellectuals of Chinese society and the poor at the bottom of society as well as the prostitutes of the lower class,which are the representative works of Chinese contemporary literature in the new era.

4. 诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。

The poet Li Bai has written many works reflecting women’s life,among which Ballad of a Merchant’s Wife is an outstanding one.It narrated the love life of a merchant’s wife living in Chokan in her own words and expressed her ardent yearning for his husband far away.It portrayed an image of a young woman with rich and deep emotions,which had touching artistic power.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 09:18, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The poet Li Bai has written many works reflecting women’s lives, among which ''Changgan Song'' is an outstanding one. It narrated the love life of a merchant’s wife living in Changganli (in Nanjing) in her own words and expressed her ardent yearning for his husband far away. It presented a moving power of art by creating an image of a young woman with rich and deep emotions. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:24, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1. 文学的起源是诗歌，亦即韵文先于散文，西方亦然。

The origin of literature is poem, and verse precedes prose, it is the same in the West.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

The origin of literature is poetry, implying that verse precedes prose, as it does in the west. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.凡每一个时代，其同时代最伟大的人，必有齐名者，如诗人称“李杜”，文称“韩柳”，画家则称“吴李”。

In every age, the most renowned person will have his counterpart, for example, the famous poets "Li Du"(Li Bai and Du Fu),writers "Han Liu"(Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan),painters "Wu Li"(Wu Daozi and Li Longmian).--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在老一辈学术名家中，钱穆先生以其学问淹博、著述宏富著称。

--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:05, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Among the old generations of reputed scholars，Mr. Qian Mu is outstanding for his erudition and amount of work.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Among the old generations of reputed scholars，Qian Mu is outstanding for his erudition and amount of work.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:05, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.真实的文学来自广大群众，须采自当时某一地域的民间。

The authentic literature comes from the masses and must be collected from the folks in a certain area at that time.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

True literature comes from the masses and must be closely related with the folk of a certain region at that time. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Classical Chinese literature is a classical work or excellent work in the history of Chinese literature that shines with brilliant light, and it is a remarkable treasure among the treasures of world literature. Classical Chinese literature has a variety of expressions such as poetry, prose, novel, and lyrics, fu, and song, and a variety of artistic expressions in a variety of styles, thus making classical Chinese literature present a colorful, magnificent and glorious picture.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2、现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。两个阶段的文学既有各自的历史面貌﹐显示出不同阶段的差异性﹔

In the more than 60 years since the May Fourth Literary Revolution, modern literature has gone through two historical stages: the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism, following the Chinese Revolution and the evolution of the nature of society, with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point. The literature of the two stages has its own historical outlook and shows the differences between the different stages.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Following the Chinese Revolution and the evolution of the nature of society in more than 60 years since the May Fourth Literary Revolution, modern literature has gone through two historical stages: the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism,with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point. The literature of the two stages has its own historical outlook and shows the differences at the different stages.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:08, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。在批判现实主义基础上开创了一整套独立特行的现代美学与完整的思想价值体系，为中国当代坚持探究思想之源的文学巨匠的群体，同时也是具有非凡忍耐力和巨大牺牲精神的真正的作家群体。

The independent thoughts of Chinese commoner writers, especially freelance writers, usually shine through with terrifying truth. On the basis of critical realism, they have created a set of independent and unique modern aesthetics and a complete system of ideological values, and are contemporary Chinese literary giants who insist on exploring the source of ideas, as well as genuine writers with extraordinary endurance and great sacrifice.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
1.在中国的诗歌史上，唐诗、宋诗（词）作为两个难以逾越的高峰，灿烂着中国的文化领域，同时，又备受文人们的争议，从诗歌的写作背景，到诗歌的谋篇结构、锤词炼句、修辞用典，都是人们热爱和攻击的目标。
In the history of Chinese poetry, Tang poems and Song poems (ci), as two insurmountable peaks, glow in China’s culture. In the meanwhile, literati have held their own opinions about them. The background, the structure of poetry, sentences polishing, and rhetorical allusions are favorable for both supporters and haters

正是以胡适这些“沟通新旧两个艺术时代桥梁”的前“五四”白话诗为标志，中国诗歌结束了其几千年来在古典形态里的发展变化，初步确立了中国诗歌新的艺术形态，转换了中国诗歌古典与现代的题型，开始了一个伟大的“新诗纪元”。
Thanks to Hu Shi's symbolic pre May 4th vernacular poems, which connect the old and the new art eras, Chinese poetry has ended its thousands of years of development and changes in the classical form and established a new artistic form of Chinese poetry, changing the types of Chinese classic and modern poetry. Therefore, It started a great "new poetry era".

Thanks to Hu Shi's symbolic pre May 4th vernacular poems, which connect the old and the new art eras, Chinese poetry has ended its thousands of years of development and changes in the classical form and established a new artistic form of Chinese poetry, changing the types of Chinese classic and modern poetry. Therefore, a great "new poetry era" started.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:30, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

余华曾坦言： “我觉得我所有的创作，都是在努力更加接近真实。我的这个真实，不是生活里的那种真实。我觉得生活实际上是不真实的，生活是一种真假参半、鱼目混珠的事物。”
Yu Hua once said with honesty: "I feel that I'm struggling to bring my writings to be closer to reality. My definition of reality is not the reality in life. I think life is far from real. Life is a mixture of truth and falsehood."--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 02:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 这部小说也称《石头记》，作者是清代（公元1644年—公元1911年）大作家曹雪芹（约公元1715年—公元1764年）。小说最早以手抄本形式出版于18世纪中期，且原著仅有前80回留存于世。

Also known as "The Story of the Stone," the novel was written by Cao Xueqin (circa 1715-1764), a great writer of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The book was first published in the middle of 18th century in the form of hand-written copies and only the first 80 chapters of the original novel have survived.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2 在中国动画史上，有一部注定青史留名的影片，那就是上海美术电影制片厂的《大闹天宫》。美猴王的故事本就家喻户晓，加上京剧元素和中国民间艺术托底，让这部影片的艺术性到了当时难以企及的高度。

In the history of Chinese animation, if there's one movie that's destined to become immortal, it is the Shanghai Animation Film Studio's Havoc in Heaven. Its protagonist, the Monkey King, is a household name rooted in Chinese mythology and literature. Complete with fine art inspired by Peking opera and Chinese folk art, the movie scaled heights that no others could at the time.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3 电影《江姐》改编自1961年的著名小说《红岩》，讲述了共产主义革命烈士江姐(1920-1949)的波澜壮阔的一生，江竹筠被广泛认为是中国最著名的女英雄之一。

Based on the renowned 1961 novel "Red Crag," the film "Sister Jiang" follows the ups and downs of the Communist revolutionary martyr Jiang Zhuyun (1920–1949), widely regarded as one of most celebrated Chinese heroines. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4 李白有诗云，“相知在急难，独好亦何益”。

China’s great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty (7th-10th century) once wrote of friendship that “true friendship is revealed through adversity, and success becomes nothing when it is not shared”.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1. 古典文学是指希腊、罗马和其他古代文明的伟大杰作。荷马、奥维德和索福克勒斯的作品都是古典文学的典范。

Classical literature refers to the great masterpieces of Greek, Roman, and other ancient civilizations. The works of Homer, Ovid, and Sophocles are all examples of classical literature.

2. 欧洲近代文学史始于启蒙时代，18世纪巴洛克时期结束，继文艺复兴和近代早期文学之后。

The history of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century, succeeding the Renaissance and Early Modern periods.

3. 当代文学是二战后总体背景下的文学。当代文学的亚流派包括当代浪漫主义。

Contemporary literature is literature with its setting generally after World War II. Subgenres of contemporary literature include contemporary romance.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 01:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.《离骚》是屈原的代表作，是一首不朽的浪漫主义杰作，也是我国古代第一首抒情诗（第一首叙事诗是汉代的《孔雀东南飞》）。诗中的名句是：路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。”。它奠定了我国古典诗歌的浪漫主义基础。

" Lisao " is Qu Yuan's representative work, an immortal masterpiece of romanticism and the first lyric poem in ancient China (the first narrative poem is " the Peacock Flies to the Southeast " in the Han Dynasty). The famous sentence in the poem is: " The way ahead is long and has no ending; yet high and low I'll search with mu will unbending.", which laid the romantic foundation of Chinese classical poetry.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学的主流是人民的文学。 “五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的历史性变革﹐集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。这构成了中国现代文学的基本历史特点与传统。

The mainstream of modern Chinese literature is the people's literature. The historical changes in the Chinese literature caused by the "May 4th" literary revolution are concentrated in damatically combining the literature with the masses strengthening and spontaneously connetcting literature and the progressive social ideological trend with and national liberation and the people's revolutionary movement, which constitutes the basic historical characteristics and tradition of modern Chinese literature.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.新中国成立带来的巨大历史变革,人民当家作主、创造历史的自觉努力，为社会主义文学的发展提供了坚实的生活基础。新中国的作家坚持真实地、历史地、在现实的变革和发展中反映生活，自觉地把革命现实主义即社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

The great historical changes brought about by the founding of people's Republic of Chian and the conscious efforts made by people who are masters of thier country and try to create history have provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature. The writers in new China period insisted on reflecting life in a real, historical and realistic way, and consciously took revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.只缘感君一回顾，使我思君暮与朝。——《古相思曲》

A single glimpse of you haunts me day and night.---''Ancient Lovesick Songs''

2.四奶奶站在三爷背后，笑了一声道：“自己骨肉，照说不该提钱的话。提起钱来，这话可就长了！”——张爱玲《倾城之恋》

The fourth concubine,standing behind the third master,chuckled and said :"Normally,it is undue to mention money between parents and kids,If bothered,there will be countless expenditures！" ---Zhang Ailing ''Love in a Fallen City''

3.县城真热闹：官盐店，税务局，肉铺里挂着成边的猪，一个驴子在磨芝麻，满街都是小磨香油的香味，布店，卖茉莉粉、梳头油的什么斋，卖绒花的，卖丝线的，打把式卖膏药的，吹糖人的，耍蛇的，……他什么都想看看。——贾平凹《受戒》

The county seat is so bustling that there stand various of buildings,such as official-operating salt shop,tax bureau and the butchers' with half piece of pork.A donkey is grinding sesame,the fragrance of the oil suffuing the whole street.He wants to wander over all the attractions:cloth shops,thr unknown shop selling jasmine powder and comb oil,shop selling velvet flowers and threads as well as some acrobatic shows for advertising,sugar figure making as well as snake charmers' performance.---Jia Pingao ''Ordained''--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 11:09, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。类似中国古代文学史。狭义指中国古典文学作品。
Chinese classical literature broadly refers to Chinese literature from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, the origin and development of the literary style and literary movements, genres, literary theories, textual research and researching on writers' works, etc. It is similar to the history of ancient Chinese literature. Narrowly, it refers to works of Chinese classical literature.

2.《老残游记》，清末中篇小说，是刘鹗（1857年10月18日—1909年8月23日）的代表作，小说以一位走方郎中老残的游历为主线，对社会矛盾开掘很深，尤其是他在书中敢于直斥清官（清官中的酷吏）误国，清官害民，独具慧眼地指出清官的昏庸常常比贪官更甚。同时，小说在民族传统文化精华提炼、生活哲学及艺术、女性审美和平等、人物心理及音乐景物描写等多方面皆达到了极其高超.
"Lao Can's Travels", a novella in the late Qing Dynasty, is a masterpiece of Liu E (October 18, 1857 - August 23, 1909). The novel is based on the travels of an old man who went to many places and workes as a herb doctor. In particular, he dared to denounce the corrupt officials (the cruel officials among the honest officials) for misleading the country and harming the people. At the same time, the novel has reached extremely high levels in many aspects such as the quintessence of national traditional culture, philosophy and art of life, aesthetics and female equality, character psychology and music scene description.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1.明清是中国小说史上的繁荣时期。这个时代的小说从思想内涵和题材表现上来说，最大限度地包容了传统文化的精华，而且经过世俗化的图解后，传统文化竟以可感的形象和动人的故事而走进了千家万户。

Chinese novel had its heyday during the Ming and Qing dynasties when the thoughts and themes of novels tended to embody the essence of traditional culture. After popularized, Chinese traditional culture was disseminated through the vivid characters and moving stories in the novels.

2.鸦片战争过后所带来的的民族危机极大地震动了当时的思想界，人们纷纷寻求救国真理。中国近代文学题材的扩大，新人物、新意境、新思想、新名词的出现，新的艺术手法的吸取，都无不与西方文化的撞击有关。

The Opium War and the consequent national crisis posed a great shock in the intellectual field, and Chinese people sought for the truth of how to save the country from foreign invaders. In Chinese modern literature, the expansion of themes, arising of new characters, new artistic conception, new ideas and new terms, and absorption of new artistic technique are associated with the impact of western culture.

3.中国当代文学是“为人民服务，为社会主义服务”的文学，70多年来，在社会主义革命和建设的各个历史时期，中国当代文学致力于反映人民群众从事社会主义革命和建设的历史活动，歌颂他们以主人翁精神为社会主义事业所作出的创造性的劳动。

Chinese contemporary literature was aimed at ”serving the Chinese people as well as the socialism ”. For more than 70 years, in every period of socialist reform and construction Chinese contemporary literature has been committed to reflecting the historical activities of the masses and singing the praises of their creative labour and spirit of ownership in the cause of socialism.

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.《水浒传》通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，艺术地反映了中国历史上宋江起义从发生、发展直至失败的全过程，深刻揭示了起义的社会根源，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想，也具体揭示了起义失败的内在历史原因。

"Water Margin" articulates the grand story of Liangshan heroes resisting oppression, waterbo Liangshan growing and being recruited by the Song Dynasty, as well as fighting for the Song Dynasty after being recruited, and finally dying out. It artistically reflects the Songjiang Uprising in Chinese history from its occurrence, development to failure. The whole process deeply revealed the social roots of the uprising, enthusiastically praised the resistance struggle of the uprising heroes and their social ideals, and also specifically revealed the inherent historical reasons for the failure of the uprising.

2.《平凡的世界》是中国作家路遥创作的一部全景式地表现中国当代城乡社会生活的百万字长篇小说。全书共三部。1986年12月首次出版。该书以中国70年代中期到80年代中期十年间为背景，通过复杂的矛盾纠葛，以孙少安和孙少平两兄弟为中心，刻画了当时社会各阶层众多普通人的形象。

"The Ordinary World" is a million-character novel created by Chinese writer Lu Yao, which is a panoramic view of contemporary urban and rural social life in China. There are three parts in the book. First published in December 1986.
The book takes China’s mid-70s to mid-1980s as a background, through complex contradictions and entanglements, centering on the two brothers Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping, it portrays the images of many ordinary people from all walks of life at that time.

3.《三体》是刘慈欣创作的系列长篇科幻小说，由《三体》、《三体Ⅱ·黑暗森林》、《三体Ⅲ·死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载，第二部于2008年5月首次出版，第三部则于2010年11月出版。

"Three-Body" is a series of long science fiction novels created by Liu Cixin, composed of "Three-Body", "Three-Body Ⅱ·Dark Forest", "Three-Body Ⅲ·Eternal Life of Death". It was serialized in World magazine, the second part was first published in May 2008, and the third part was published in November 2010.

4.李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，又号“谪仙人”，唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”，与杜甫并称为“李杜”，为了与另两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。

Li Bai (701-762), whose name was Taibai, was named Qinglianjushi, also known as "the banished immortal". A great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "the fairy of poetry" by later generations and was called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "little Li and Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively called "big Li and Du".--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 06:12, 14 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 06:12, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-水Mar传，西游记，三国浪漫史和红楼梦；这四本小说构成了中国古典文学的核心，并仍在传播着现代文化。

Water Margin, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of the Red Chamber; these four novels form the core of Chinese classical literature and still inform modern culture.

2-《中国现代文学》记录了至少3000年前的不间断历史，其历史至少可以追溯到公元前14世纪。中国现代文学以丰富的文化为基础，蓬勃发展。

Chinese Modern Literature is a record of an uninterrupted history of more than 3,000 years, dating back at least to the 14th century BC. Based on luxuriant culture, Chinese Modern literature developed flourishingly.

3-现代文学与当代文学之间的主要区别在于时代。现代文学指的是十九世纪末至十六世纪六十年代的文学，而当代文学指的是第二次世界大战至今的文学。

The key difference between modern and contemporary literature is their time period. Modern literature refers to the literature dating from late nineteenth century to nineteen sixties while the contemporary literature refers to the literature dating from the Second World War to the present.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.司马迁是汉代（206BC-220AD）的一位著名作家和历史学家。他撰写了一部出色的历史著作《历史学家的记录》，描绘了皇帝，国王，将军，国务卿和农民的著作。

Sima Qian is a well known writer and historian in the Han dynasty (206BC- 220AD).He wrote an outstanding historical work "Records of the historian" with depictions of emperor's, kings, generals, ministers of states and peasant work.

2.龚自珍，黄遵宪和刘亚子是现代先进诗歌的三位代表作。

Three representative writers of modern progressive poetry are Gong Zizhen, Huang Zunxian and liu Yazi.

3.新时期的文学作品反映了变化中的社会生活的各个方面。以鲁新华为代表的“伤口”揭露了暴政下人们的迫害。

literature of the new period reflects various aspects of life of the changing society. "The wound" by lu xinhua as its representative exposes the persecution of people under the tyranny.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 12:06, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧以及词、赋、曲、民间神话传说故事等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

The literary forms of Chinese classical literature contains poetry, prose, novel, play, Ci(a kind of literature form that is actually lyrics to music), ode, song, folk myth and legend, each of which is expressed in various artistic methods, contributing to the colorful and magnificent view of Chinese classical literature.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.《二十年目睹之怪现状》以主人公“九死一生”的经历为干线，从他奔父丧开始，至其经商失败终止，通过这个人物20年间的遭遇和见闻，广泛地揭露了从光绪十年（1884）中法战争前后至光绪三十一年（1905）左右的清末社会的黑暗现实。

The novel, Bizarre Happenings Eyewitnessed Over Two Decades, takes the protagonist’s near-death experience as main line, which starts from his father’s death and ends up with his failure in business. Through what he had seen, heard and suffered in twenty years, this book uncovers the dark reality of The Qing dynasty in the period from about the tenth to the thirty-first year of Guangxu’s Reign(1884-1905).--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 伤痕文学是20世纪70年代末到80年代初在中国大陆文坛占据主导地位的一种文学现象。它得名于卢新华以“文革”中知青生活为题材的短篇小说《伤痕》。

As a literary form dominate in the late 1970s to early 1980s in China, Scar literature is named after Lu Xinhua’s short novel Scar, which portraits the life of intellectual youth during the Cultural Revolution.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Classical literature began during the transitional period of Chinese history from slavery society to feudal society.

古典文学始于中国历史从奴隶制社会到封建社会的过渡时期。

2. Many writers, especially older writers, still cling to realism.

许多作家，尤其是年长的作家，仍然坚持现实主义。

3. China was gradually changed into a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society, and Chinese people rose heroically against foreign aggressions.

中国逐渐转变为半封建半殖民地社会，中国人民英勇起来反对外国侵略。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1 The pastoral discourse was enriched with country fishing folklore, songs and poems, recipes and anecdotes, moral meditations, and quotes from classic literature.
2 Citation in contemporary literature undoubtedly reinforced and disseminated theories of film and its characteristics
3 Modern literature is very famous and many people are interested in this field in China.
1田园话语丰富了乡村捕鱼的民间传说，歌曲和诗歌，食谱和轶事，道德冥想以及古典文学的名言。
2当代文学中的引证无疑是对电影理论及其特征的强化和传播
3现代文学非常有名，中国有很多人对此领域感兴趣。--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 14:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1.《诗经》就整体而言，是周王朝由盛而衰五百年间中国社会生活面貌的形象反映，其中有先祖创业的颂歌，祭祀神鬼的乐章；也有贵族之间的宴饮交往，劳逸不均的怨愤；更有反映劳动、打猎、以及大量恋爱、婚姻、社会习俗方面的动人篇章。

On the whole, The Book of Songs is a reflection of the social life of China during the five hundred years from the prosperity to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty. There are the ode of laboring ancesters and music of sacrificing spirits. Also, the feasting and drinking among the nobles and the resentment of the unequal distribution are included. Futhermore, some moving chapters on labor, hunting, and a great deal of love, marriage, and social customs are all covered.

2.我走过许多地方的路，行过许多地方的桥，看过许多次数的云，喝过许多种类的酒，却只爱过一个正当最好年龄的人。—沈从文

I have travelled a lot, went across bridges in many places, appreciated clouds many times and have drunk various wines. Whereas, I merely loved a girl of best age.——By Shen Congwen

3.这辈子我就喜欢上这么一个人，我要用尽我的万种风情，让他在将来不和我在一起的任何时候内心都无法安宁。 ——冯唐

I have simply loved him for the whole life, I'll unleash my glamour to the full to leave him reatless mind at the time when we part. —— By Feng Tang

4.《相思》

王维

红豆生南国，春来发几枝。

劝君多采撷，此物最相思。

Love Tokens

By Wangwei

The red bean grows in southern lands.

With spring it sprouts and twines.

May you gather for me more.

As a symbol of our love.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 04:43, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==
不管怎样，有一点是可以肯定的，即永恒的、神圣的、不变的经典是不存在的。即使我们按照文学史或文学的标准确立了一些当代文学经典，但经典作为一个历史化的过程，仍然需要不断被遴选、沉淀与检验。从这个意义上说，经典化的过程无异于一个重写文学史的过程。
Anyway, it is certain that there is no eternal, scared, and unchanged classics. Though we established some classic literature according to standard of literary history and literature, classics, which needs to be tested by history, remains to be selected and.... From this perspective, the process of canonization is no different from a rewriting of literary history.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

中国现代文学的发展﹐是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化﹑继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。中国是一个有著悠久的文化传统的文明古国﹐近代中国又受到西方文化的巨大冲击﹔中国现代文学产生于这一文化背景下﹐如何正确对待中国传统文化与西方外来文化﹐直接关系著现代文学的发展。
The development of China’s Modern Literature is a process that nationalizes itself through assimilating the nutrition of foreign literature, and that modernizes itself through inheriting ethnic traditions. As a country that has a long history and cultural traditions, China has greatly impacted by western culture. Under such a cultural background, how to treat China’s traditional literature and western culture correctly, relates to the development of modern literature.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。在批判现实主义基础上开创了一整套独立特行的现代美学与完整的思想价值体系，为中国当代坚持探究思想之源的文学巨匠的群体，同时也是具有非凡忍耐力和巨大牺牲精神的真正的作家群体。
The independent thoughts of Chinese civilian writers, especially the free writers usually show the glamour of their thoughts through horrifying reality in their works. On the basis of critical realism, they have created a set of unique modern aesthetics and a complete ideological system. They are not only a group of literary masters who insist on exploring the source of thoughts in contemporary China, but also a real group of writers with extraordinary endurance and great sacrifice spirit.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

李白留给后世人九百多首诗篇。这些熠熠生辉的诗作，表现了他一生的心路历程，是盛唐社会现实和精神生活面貌的艺术写照。李白一生都怀有远大的抱负，他毫不掩饰地表达对功名事业的向往。
Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. The glamorous poems reveal his life experience, the social reality and spiritual life of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai harboured a great ambition throughout his life and he made no attempt to disguise his yearning for successes.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of "a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought" has promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of splendid culture, especially the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Law, which laid the foundation of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学发端于五四运动时期，但以鸦片战争后的近代文学为其先导。现代文学是新民主主义革命时期现实土壤上的新的产物，同时又是旧民主主义革命时期文学的一个发展。广义上的中国现代文学史是指1917年到1997年。

Modern Chinese literature originated during the May Fourth Movement, but was guided by modern literature after the Opium War. Modern literature is a new product on the soil of the new democratic revolution, and at the same time a development of literature in the old democratic revolution. The history of modern Chinese literature in a broad sense refers to the period from 1917 to 1997.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.如果我们把百余年来中国文学的演进历程视为一个不断走向开放的矛盾、艰难、曲折，坎坷的现代化进程的话，那么，毫无疑问，这一进程发轫于近代。

If we regard the evolution of Chinese literature over the past 100 years as a contradictory, difficult, tortuous, and bumpy modernization process that continues to open, then there is no doubt that this process began in modern times.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

If we regard the evolution of Chinese literature in the past hundred years as a contradictory, difficult, tortuous and bumpy modernization process, then there is no doubt that this process originated in modern times.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:22, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==
1.《红楼梦》写于十八世纪中叶，是清朝统治时期乾隆皇帝时代杰出的文言小说，在过去的二百多年，一直广受欢迎。这本120回的小说，前80回由曹雪芹执笔、后40回由高鹗续写完成。表面上它主要是写宝玉和黛玉之间的爱情，但实际上，通过这个故事以及书中的其他情节，作者深刻地揭露了封建制度地邪恶和封建统治阶级的罪行。

A Dream of Red Mansions, the great classical Chinese novel written in the mid-eighteenth century during the reign of Emperor Chien-lung of the Qing Dynasty, had been widely popular throughout the last two hundred years and more. In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40 by Gao E. On the surface this novel deals largely with the love between Pao-yu and Tai-yu; but actually, through this story as well as other episodes in the book, the author penetratingly exposes the evils of feudal system and the crimes of the feudal ruling class.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国诗歌史上有一个“盛唐”时代，集中在唐玄宗统治时期(公元712年-756年)。这个时代恰逢文化繁荣，文学英才辈出，具有独特的辉煌和伟大的光环。杰出诗人李白、杜甫和王维的作品，其魅力是历代读者无人不晓的。“盛唐”可谓中国诗歌的黄金时代。后世诗人哀叹徒仰他们的光芒而黯然失色。

In the Chinese history of poetry there is an era of “High Tang” which centered in the reign of Tang Xuan-zhong(712 A.D.- 756 A.D.). Possessed a unique aura of splendor and greatness, this era was a moment when cultural efflorescence and literary genius happily coincided. The works of the great poets, Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei, shed a light that no reader could ignore. “High Tang” was the golden age of Chinese poetry. Later poets lamented their own dimness in face of its luminosity.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。这种情况决定了现代文学在尖锐激烈的斗争中取得自身的辩证发展。在现代文学的历史发轫期﹐新文学即是通过文学革命与思想革命﹐在对封建传统文学的猛烈批判中﹐为自己开辟道路的。

Modern Chinese literature, which is developing forward in the active ideological struggle, is facing a turbulent era of great change. In such a historical era, modern Chinese literature presents a complex appearance of literary works and literary trends of different classes and tendencies, which are in conflict with each other and influence and absorb each other. This kind of situation has decided the modern literature obtains the own dialectical development in the sharp intense struggle. At the beginning of the history of modern literature, new literature opened the way for itself through the literary and Ideological Revolution in the criticism of the feudal traditional literature.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4.中国平民文学直面现实，深层揭示社会矛盾，以文学的方式推动社会的发展与进步，所起的作用是“体制内”官方作家无法做到的。中国“体制内”作家比较真实的描写现实一般止于文革，难以前行。所以要重新，真正燃起中国文学思想的火焰，必须在中国平民文学、“地下文学”中深度挖掘，这是中国文化公认的危机与普遍的悲哀。

Chinese civilian literature faces the reality, reveals the social contradictions and promotes the development and progress of the society in the way of Literature, which can not be achieved by the official writers in the system. Chinese “inside the system” writers describe the real reality of the Cultural Revolution in general, difficult to move forward. Therefore, to rekindle the flame of Chinese literary thought, we must dig deeply in Chinese civilian literature and “underground literature” , which is the acknowledged crisis and universal sadness of Chinese culture.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。

Oh, bright-red blossoms are piled on green and luxuriant peach trees. The lady, when married, will bring harmony and happiness to her family.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月，下面是海边的沙地，都种着一望无际的碧绿的西瓜。其间有一个十一二岁的少年，项带银圈，手捏一柄钢叉，向一匹猹尽力地刺去。那猹却将身一扭，反从他的胯下逃走了。

The deep blue sky hung a round golden moon, and below was the sand by the sea, all planted with a vast area of turquoise watermelons. A boy of eleven or twelve, with a silver collar and a steel fork in his hand, stabbed at a badger-like wild animal as hard as he could. But the creature and fled from his crotch with a wriggle.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.爱情应该真正建立在现实生活坚实的基础上，否则，它就是在活生生的生活之树上盛开的一朵不结果实的花

Love should really be built on real life, otherwise it is just an unfruitful flower blooming on the tree of life.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.古代文学一般包括欧洲古代文学和中国古代文学。欧洲古代文学又包括古希腊文学和罗马文学，中国古代文学按时间分类，包括先秦两汉文学，魏晋南北朝文学，唐宋文学，元明清文学。Ancient literature generally consist of ancient European literature and ancient Chinese literature: the former including ancient Greek literature and Roman literature; the latter is classified in terms of time, including pre Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties literature, Tang and song literature, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties literature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
2.近代文学区别于传统封建文学有以下的特点：文学的政治性、战斗性，随着近代社会的发展，愈来愈加强和显著了。进步作家和作品，继承了中国文学的优良传统，为反对帝国主义和封建专制主义的内外压迫，争取民族独立和自由平等而斗争。爱国主义和民族主义是这个时期文学突出的思想内容。Modern literature is different from the traditional feudal literature in the following characteristics: the political and fighting natures of literature have been more intensive and prominent with the development of modern society. Progressive writers and works inherited the fine tradition of Chinese literature and fought for national independence, freedom and equality against the internal and external oppression of imperialism and feudal autocracy. Patriotism and nationalism are the prominent ideology of literature in this period.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
3.在评价“中国当代文学”的时候，我们一方面要克服沾沾自喜的自诩和自大，另一方面，要具有放眼世界、虚心向善的态度，具体地说，就是不要妄想确立一套“特殊”的“价值准则”，因为，任何时候，文学批评和文学研究都需要一些“普遍”的“价值准则”，都需要依据世界性的经典尺度和人类性的理想标准。When evaluating "contemporary Chinese Literature", on the one hand, we should overcome the complacency and arrogance, on the other hand, we should embrace a broad-minded and open-minded attitude towards the outside world. To be specific, we should not hope to establish a set of "special" value criteria in vain. Because in any time, literary criticism and literary research need some "universal" value criteria, which all need to be based on the world's classical scale and the ideal standard of human nature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
4.中国是诗的国度，唐朝是中国诗歌的巅峰，巅峰时期的那个黄金时代令人神往。诗歌是当时文学的最高代表，成为中国传统文学坚实的重要组成部分，也是中华文明靓丽的风景线。China is the country of poetry,while the Tang Dynasty is the peak of Chinese poetry whose golden age is fascinating and attractive. Poetry is the highest representative of literature at that time, which has become an integral part to Chinese traditional literature and a vibrant landscape of Chinese civilization.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。
Chinese classical literature refers to Chinese literature from the pre Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, the origin and development of literary styles, literary movements, schools, literary theories, textual research of writers and works, etc. --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2. 中国现代文学是中国文学自身发展演变的结果。古典文学已近尾声。历史进入二十世纪以来，人们的生活发生了很大变化，人们的思维方式，思想情感，心理结构也发生了很大变化，中国固有的古典文学模式已再也不能满足人们思想情感表达的需要。
Modern Chinese literature is the child of the development and evolution of Chinese literature itself, and classical literature has come to an end. Since the 20th century, great changes have taken place in people's life. Besides, people's way of thinking, thoughts and feelings, and psychological structure have also changed a lot. The traditional Chinese classical literature can no longer meet the needs of people's ideological and emotional expression.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3. 中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学，它限定在“中国大陆”这一范围之中。
Chinese Contemporary literature is China's literature since 1949, and secondly, it refers to the literature that occurs in a specific historical context of socialism, which is limited to the "mainland China".--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

4. 诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行二首》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。
Li Bai, a poet, has written many works reflecting women's life, among which "the two poems on a long journey" are outstanding. It narrates her love life with the self-reported tone of a merchant woman living in Changgan, and expresses her ardent yearning for her husband from afar. It creates an image of a young woman with rich and deep feelings and has a moving artistic force.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1.《离骚》艺术上有着极高成就。首先，整部作品都具有强烈的浪漫主义色彩，在后半部分，这种色彩更为浓烈。
"Li Sao" has extremely high artistic achievements. First, the whole work has a strong romantic color, and in the second half, it becomes more intense.
"Li Sao" enjoys extremely high artistic achievements. First, it has a strong sense of romantic color, which becomes more intense in the second half part of the work.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:00, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.《茶馆》人物众多但性格鲜明，能够“闻其声知其人”，“三言两语就勾出一个人物形象的轮廓来”。
There are too many characters with distinct personalities in "Tea House", and people can distinguish everyone only by hearing their voices, and the outline of a character can be drawn in a few words.

3.《平凡的世界》是用温暖的现实主义的方式来讴歌普通劳动者的文学作品。
"The Ordinary World" is a literary work that eulogizes ordinary laborers in a warm and realistic way.

4.唐诗把我国古曲诗歌的音节和谐、文字精炼的艺术特色，推到前所未有的高度，为古代抒情诗找到一个最典型的形式，至今还特别为人民所喜闻乐见。
Tang poetry pushed the syllable harmony and refined artistic characteristics of Chinese ancient poetry to unprecedented heights, and helped find the most typical form of ancient lyric poetry, which is still popular among the people.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:04, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Tang poetry set a highest standard for the artistic features of harmonious syllables and refined words in ancient Chinese poetry, and helped find the most typical form of ancient lyric poetry, which is still popular among the people. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.四大古典名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。

Four Great Classical Novels are classics in the history of China’s literature，as well as a precious cultural heritage of the world. It is difficult to distinguish which one is better, as they all enjoy high-level of literature and artistic achievement. Delicate description and profound thoughts contained in these four books are praised by readers through the ages. Their stories, scene and characters deeply influence Chinese people’s ideology and value orientations.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的, 现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。

China’s modern literature is developing among positive ideological struggle. As modern China confronts a turbulent age of great reform, China’s modern literature of this times presents various literature works and literature trends of different classes with different tendency. They conflict with each other while influencing and absorbing each other.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3.90年代的文学具有的"无名"特征：出现了无主潮，无定向，无共名的现象，几种文学走向同时并存，表达出多元的价值取向.其次是作家的叙事立场发生了变化，从共同社会理想转向个人叙事立场.

Literature of 1990s is of indefinable, without main trend, orientation and unified theme. In this period, some different kinds of literature existed together, which showed diverse values orientations. Besides, writers’ narrative position shift from the common social ideal to the personal narrative position.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白的诗歌不仅具有典型的浪漫主义精神，而且从形象塑造、素材摄取、到体裁选择和各种艺术手法的运用，无不具有典型的浪漫主义艺术特征。

Li Bai's (701－762) poems not only have typical romantic spirit, but also have typical characteristics of romanticism from those images and materials in his poems to genre selection and various artistic techniques.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

1.四大古典名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。

Four Great Classical Novels are classics in the history of China’s literature，as well as a precious cultural heritage of the world. It is difficult to distinguish which one is betterthan the other three, as they all enjoy high-level of literature and artistic achievement. Delicate description and profound thoughts contained in these four books are praised by readers through the ages. Their stories, scene and characters deeply influence Chinese people’s ideology and value orientations.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的, 现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。

China’s modern literature makes progress among positive ideological struggle. As modern China confronts a turbulent age of great reform, China’s modern literature of this time presents various literature works and literature trends of different classes with different tendency. They conflict with each other while influencing and absorbing each other.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.90年代的文学具有的"无名"特征：出现了无主潮，无定向，无共名的现象，几种文学走向同时并存，表达出多元的价值取向.其次是作家的叙事立场发生了变化，从共同社会理想转向个人叙事立场.

Literature of 1990s characterize indefinition, without main trend, orientation and unified theme. In this period, some different kinds of literature existed together, which showed diverse values orientations. Besides, writers’ narrative position shift from the common social ideal to the personal narrative position.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白的诗歌不仅具有典型的浪漫主义精神，而且从形象塑造、素材摄取、到体裁选择和各种艺术手法的运用，无不具有典型的浪漫主义艺术特征。

Li Bai's (701－762) poems boast not only typical romantic spirit, but also typical characteristics of romanticism from those images and materials in his poems to genre selection and various artistic techniques.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.四大名著是公认的中国文学中最好的小说。这四者都有一个共同点，它们是用白话文写的，不像大多数古代文学，后者一般用古文写。

1.Four long fictional novels are usually thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. What all four have in common is that they were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the literary Classical Language.

Four long fictional novels are commonly thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. What all four have in common is that they were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the literary Classical Language.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2.1911年清朝被推翻，共和国成立后，许多青年知识分子将注意力转向文学传统的彻底改革，而改革便是从语言本身开始。

2.Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic in 1911, many young intellectuals turned their attention to the overhauling of literary traditions, beginning with the language itself.

3.老舍善用北京方言，代表作有《骆驼祥子》、《茶馆》，它们反映了旧社会中国底层人们的绝望。

3.Lao She was skillful in utilizing the Peking dialect and Camel Xiangzi and the drama Tea House are his masterpieces which reflect the helplessness of the lower classes in the old China.

4.李白喜欢把自己当作王氏一族，但他们家族只是与王室同姓，并无瓜葛。

4.Li Bai liked to regard himself as belonging to the imperial family, but he actually belonged to a less exalted family of the same surname. --[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 04:12, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==
1.《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集。编成于春秋时期，大抵是西周初年至春秋中叶500年间的作品，共305篇，代表了2500多年以前诗歌创作的最高成就。

The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. Compiled during the Spring and Autumn Period, it is approximately a 500-year-old work from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. There are 305 poems in total, representing the highest achievement of poetry creation more than 2,500 years ago.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. Compiled during the Spring and Autumn Period, it approximately costs 500 years from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. There are 305 poems in total, representing the highest achievement of poetry creation more than 2,500 years ago.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:20, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.评价一个相当长时段的文学现象，决不可以使用"一言以蔽之"的断语来论定，比如"最好时期"、"达到前所未有的高度"或"跌入低谷"等等。

To evaluate a literary phenomenon over a long period of time, one should never use "a single word" assertion, such as "best time", "reaching an unprecedented height" or "falling into a trough".--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后,文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year imprisonment of ideology and culture.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

In the middle and late 1970s, after getting rid of the 10-year confinement of thought and culture, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白生活在盛唐时期，他性格豪迈，热爱祖国山河，游踪遍及南北各地，写出大量赞美名山大川的壮丽诗篇。

Li Bai lived in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. He has a heroic personality and loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland. He traveled all over the north and south, and wrote a large number of magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时期，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

During the Spring and Autumn periods and Warring States periods, a period of rapid social change, the pre-Qin prose occupied an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought contending with each other promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of glorious culture. Among them , the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, Legalism and so on laid the foundation of traditional Chinese culture.

During Spring and Autumn and Warring States, a period of rapid social change, the pre-Qin prose occupied an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought contending with each other promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of glorious culture. Among them , the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, Legalism and so on laid the foundation of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.文学的政治性、战斗性，随着近代社会的发展，愈来愈加强和显著了。进步作家和作品，继承了中国文学的优良传统，为反对帝国主义和封建专制主义的内外压迫，争取民族独立和自由平等而斗争。爱国主义和民族主义是这个时期文学突出的思想内容。

With the development of modern society，the literature of this period was getting more and more political. Progressive writers and works, inheriting the fine traditions of Chinese literature, struggled against the external oppression of imperialism and internal feudal despotism and fought for national independence and freedom and equality. Patriotism and nationalism were prominent ideological elements in the literature of this period.

With the development of modern society，the literature of this period was getting more and more political and aggressive. Progressive writers and works, inheriting the fine traditions of Chinese literature, struggled against the external oppression of imperialism and internal feudal despotism and fought for national independence and freedom and equality. Patriotism and nationalism were prominent ideological elements in the literature of this period.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.特别值得关注的是，从本世纪初开始，又出现了中国自由作家，中国自由文学等概念，将中国当代文学提升到一个新的，史无前例的高度。

Particularly noteworthy is the fact that from the beginning of this century, concepts such as Chinese free writers and Chinese free literature have emerged again, elevating contemporary Chinese literature to a new, unprecedented level.

Particularly noteworthy is the fact that from the beginning of this century, concepts such as Chinese free writers and Chinese free literature have emerged again, elevating contemporary Chinese literature to a newly unprecedented level.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

4.李白生活在盛唐时期，他性格豪迈，热爱祖国山河，游踪遍及南北各地，写出大量赞美名山大川的壮丽诗篇。

Li Bai, who lived in the prime of the Tang Dynasty, was bold and generous and loved for the mountains and rivers of his homeland. He traveled extensively and wrote a large number of magnificent poems in praise of famous mountains and great rivers.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:18, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Li Bai, who lived in the prime of the Tang Dynasty, was bold and generous and loved the mountains and rivers of his homeland. He traveled extensively and wrote a large number of magnificent poems in praise of famous mountains and great rivers.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.《红楼梦》展现了真正的人性美和悲剧美，是一部从各个角度展现女性美以及中国古代社会世态百相的史诗性著作。

''A Dream of Red Mansions'' shows the real beauty of human nature and tragedy. It is a historical and poetic work that shows the beauty of women and the state of the ancient Chinese society from every aspect.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''A Dream of Red Mansions'' shows the real beauty of human nature and tragedy. It is an epic work showing the beauty of women and the social landscape in ancient China from various perspectives.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。

Modern Chinese literature not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts with modern language, but also refeshes traditional literature in both art form and expression techniques.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.以莫言的作品为代表，字里行间充满着怀乡与怨乡复杂情感，被归类为“寻根文学”。

Represented by Mo Yan's works, which are full of complex feelings combined with nostalgia and resentment, they are classified as "Root-seeking Literature".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Represented by Mo Yan's works, which are characterized by the feelings like nostalgia and resentment, these books are deemed as "Root-seeking Literature".--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 16:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《长歌行》表达了作者期望尽早建功立业、功垂千古、名留史册的强烈用世之心。

"Changgexing" expresses the author's strong desire to make achievements as soon as possible, to be immortal, and to leave his mark on history.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.《水浒传》主要描写的是北宋末年，以宋江为首的一百零八条好汉在梁山聚义、受宋朝招安、以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事。

The story of Water Margin, set in the late Song dynasty, tells of how a group of 108 outlaws led by Song Jiang gathers at Mount Liang to form a sizable army before they are eventually granted amnesty by the government and sent on campaigns to resist foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces, and disbanded in the end. --[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

During the 60 years after the May 4th literature revolution, modern literature, in step with the development of Chinese revolution and social nature, went through two historical stages which take the founding of the People's Republic of China in October,1949 as the turning point, including the new democratic revolution period and the socialist period.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后,文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

Since the late 1970s, Chinese literature has entered a new stage in modernization and nationalization after getting rid of the ten-year confines in ideology and culture.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

In the middle and late 1970s,, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year confinement of thought and culture.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:42, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，是唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。据《新唐书》记载，李白为兴圣皇帝（凉武昭王李暠）九世孙，与李唐诸王同宗。其人爽朗大方，爱饮酒作诗，喜交友。

LI Bai (701-762), Venus by courtesy name and Green Lotus Householder by literary name, an excellent romantic poet in the Tang dynasty, has been praised as God of Poetry. According to ''New Book of Tang'', Li descended from Emperor Xingsheng and had the same ancestry with the royal family in the Tang dynasty. He was hearty, generous, and keen on drinking, composing poems and making friends. --[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 宋词在题材走向、风格倾向上形成了独特的传统，从而以委婉含蓄的美学特征在中国古代诗歌史上独树一帜。

Song lyrics have formed a unique tradition in terms of their subject matter and stylistic tendencies, thus distinguishing themselves in the history of ancient Chinese poetry with their euphemistic and subtle aesthetic characteristics.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国近代文学以新民为目的，以启蒙为手段。其弊端是笔无藏锋，其主流是以树人为根本目的，以救国为直接目的。

Modern Chinese literature is aimed for refreshing the people's mind by enlightening them. Its disadvantage is their over-bold writing style, and the main part of them is based on the fundamental purpose of shaping people and the direct purpose of saving the country.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 古典文学已近尾声。历史进入二十世纪以来，人们的生活发生了很大变化，人们的思维方式，思想情感，心理结构也发生了很大变化，中国固有的古典文学模式已再也不能满足人们思想情感表达的需要。

Classical literature is nearing its end. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, people's lives have undergone great changes, and their ways of thinking, thoughts and emotions, as well as their psychological structure, have also undergone great changes, so that the inherent mode of Chinese classical literature can no longer meet the needs of people's thoughts and emotions.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==

1. 春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

During Spring and Autumn Warring States period, great changes had taken place in its society. At this time, pre-Qin prose held its place in Chinese classic literature. The literature atmosphere of “a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thoughts contend” promoted its prosperity, thus entering a splendid time. Thanks to Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism, the foundation of Chinese traditional literature then was made.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought has promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of splendid culture, especially the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Law, which laid the foundation of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

After May Fourth Movement, modern literature, along the changing pace of Chinese revolution and society, has experienced New Democratic Revolution Period and Socialist Period, with the establishment of PRC in October, 1949 as a turn.

In the more than 60 years of development after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature has undergone the period of the new democratic revolution and the period of socialism with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and the nature of society, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 自二十世纪末期开始，具有独立思想的中国自由文学的出现，使得中国当代文学大踏步进入世界先进文化行列，成为引领世界文学的先锋，并使中国当代文学达到历史的顶峰。

Since late 20th century, Chinese free literature, with independent thought came into being, making Chinese contemporary literature become one of the world advanced literature.

Since the end of the twentieth century, the emergence of Chinese free literature with independent ideas has made contemporary Chinese literature stride into the ranks of world advanced culture, becoming a pioneer in leading world literature, which enables contemporary Chinese literature to reach the peak of history.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。

The poet stood at the point of a businessman’ s wife told her love story, expressing her miss to her husband far away. He shaped a young married woman with abundant emotions, which enables the poem to be artistic. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:54, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.特别是建安文学，文风清峻，慷慨悲凉，深沉强劲，气盛词丰，是反映社会现实并抒写人生感慨的灿烂历史篇章。
Especially Jian'an literature, its style is sober, generous and sad, deep and strong, and full of vigor, it is a brilliant historical chapter that reflects social reality and expresses the emotions of life.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Jian'an literature, in particular,is sober, generous and sad, deep and strong, and full of vigor and it is a brilliant historical chapter reflecting the social reality and expressing the feelings of life.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:10, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.新月派是现代新诗史上一个重要的诗歌流派，受泰戈尔《新月集》影响.该诗派大体上以1927年为界分为前后两个时期。
The Crescent School is an important poetry genre in the history of modern new poetry, influenced by Tagore's "The Crescent Moon". The poetry school is roughly divided into two periods based on 1927.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

The Crescent School is an important poetry school in the history of modern new poetry. Influenced by Tagore's ''The Crescent Moon'', this school can be roughly divided into two periods according to 1927.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:10, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.伤痕文学是新时期出现的第一个全新的文学思潮。社会主义新时期是以彻底否定文化大革命为历史起点的。这种对灵魂的摧残尤其容易造成惨痛的心灵创伤。但这只有在挣脱了精神枷锁、真正思想解放之后，人们才能意识到这“伤痕”有多重、多深。这是伤痕文学喷发的历史根源。
Wound literature is the first new literary trend in the new era. The new socialist period started with the complete denial of the Great Cultural Revolution. This damage to the soul is especially likely to cause painful trauma. But it is only after breaking off the mental shackles and truly emancipating the mind that people can realize how much and how deep this "wound" is. This is the historical root of the eruption of wound literature.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
1.所谓“比兴”在《诗经》中即指比兴合用和通篇用比，其效果是给读者留下了审美的广阔空间，使人产生丰富的联想，从而使诗歌具有了含蓄凝练的韵味，具备象征的意义。
In The Book of Songs, " Bi Xing " refers to the combination of Bi Xing and the whole article, the effect of which is to leave readers a wide space for aesthetic appreciation, so that people have a rich association, so that poetry has an implicit and concise flavor, with symbolic significance.

2.中国现代文学是在五四运动时期新的历史条件下产生的，它体现出全新的现代社会、现代人生的精神风貌和崭新的文学表述方式，体现出现代新文学、新文化与传统旧文学、久文化的根本冲突和根本转折。
Chinese modern literature came into being under the new historical conditions of the May 4th Movement, which embodies the new modern society, the spirit and style of modern life and the new style of literary expression.

3.在中国的现代化进程中，政治主题的目标是建构现代民族国家，中国文学因为始终参与着这一过程，而从未离开过政治主题，这使投身其中的知识分子也主动地迎合主流意识形态的要求，主动地为宣传政策服务。
In the course of China's modernization, the goal of political theme is to build a modern nation-state . Chinese literature has always participated in this process and never left the political theme, which makes the intellectuals involved actively meet the demands of the mainstream ideology and actively serve the propaganda policy.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 06:14, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

In the course of China's modernization, the political goal is to build a modern nation-state . Chinese literature has always been in this process and never left the political theme, which makes the intellectuals involved actively meet the demands of the mainstream ideology and actively serve the propaganda policy.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:06, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、中国古典文学的作品形式主要有诗、词、曲、赋、散文、小说等，大量篇章脍炙人口。中国古典文学是中华民族最宝贵的文化遗产之一。

The works of Chinese classical literature mainly include Poems, Ci, Song, Fu, Prose, Novels etc. and a large number of chapters have won universal praise. Chinese classical literature is one of the most precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical literature mainly takes the form of poetry, lyrics, songs, fu, essays, novels and so on, and a large number of chapters are popular. Classical Chinese literature is one of the most valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2、晚清时期是现代文学的起步，知识分子开始寻求解决中国问题的新方法。他们开始翻译西方文学作品以打开视野，融入新的文化思潮。

The late Qing Dynasty was the beginning of Chinese modern literature, and intellectuals began to seek new solutions to Chinese problems. They began to translate Western literary works to open their horizons and integrate into new cultural trends.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The late Qing dynasty marked the beginning of modern literature, and intellectuals began to seek new solutions for China's problems. They began to translate Western literature in order to open their horizons to new cultural trends.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.1947年7月召开的第一次全国文代会标志着中国新文学以此为起点，进入了当代文学的阶段。

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism. The first National Congress of Literature and Art held in July 1949 marked the beginning of Chinese New Literature and entered the stage of contemporary literature.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Contemporary Chinese literature refers, firstly, to Chinese literature since 1949; and secondly, to literature that takes place in a specific socialist historical context. The First National Literary Congress held in July 1947 marked the starting point from which China's new literature entered the stage of contemporary literature.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 唐诗的形式和风格是丰富多彩、推陈出新的。它不仅继承了汉魏民歌、乐府传统，并且大大发展了歌行体的样式。

The form and style of Tang poetry are rich and colorful, and innovative. It not only inherited the traditions of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the style of Gexing.

2.中国现代文学是以革命现实主义为主体并包有多种创作方法﹑流派的文学 “五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的另一个历史性变革﹐是大大加强了文学与现实生活的密切联系。

Modern Chinese literature is based on revolutionary realism as the main body and includes a variety of creative methods and genres. The "May 4th" literary revolution caused another historical change in the history of Chinese literature, which greatly strengthened the close connection between literature and real life.

3.元曲的兴起对于我国民族诗歌的发展、文化的繁荣有着深远的影响和卓越的贡献，元曲一出现就同其他艺术之花一样，立即显示出旺盛的生命力。

The rise of Yuanqu has a profound influence and outstanding contribution to the development of national poetry and cultural prosperity in our country. As soon as Yuanqu appears, like other artistic flowers, it immediately shows its vigorous vitality.

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1，李白的诗充满了个人色彩，无拘无束，自由豪放，天马行空，但是，语言却平白朴素

His poems are characterized by subjectivity,freedom, liberty, imagination combined with simple language.

Libai's poems are characterized by his personal consciousness of being free, bold and unconstrained, imaginative while using simple and plain words.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2, 《三国演义》是中国古代长篇章回体小说的开山之作，描写的是从东汉末年到西晋初年之间一百多年的历史风云

''The Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' is the first chapter novel in ancient China. It describes the historical events of over 100years from the end of the East Han Dynasty to the beginning of the West Jin Dynasty.

''The Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' is the first long chapter novel in ancient China. It describes the historical events of over 100 years from the end of the East Han Dynasty to the beginning of the West Jin Dynasty.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3，孙悟空的形象最为鲜明突出，他勇敢机智之余，又喜欢与师弟斗气，充满人性

There is the vivid image of Monkey King, fearless and intelligent, but human enough to keep wrangling with his junior fellow disciples.
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 03:33, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Monkey King has the most vivid and prominent image who is fearless and intelligent and likes to keep wrangling with his junior fellow disciples, being full of humanity.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.古典文学泛指各民族的古代文学作品，是文学的一部分，是现代文学的发展基础，它是承上启下的，是文学发展史上不可缺少的部分。它是中国文学最根本的东西。

In general, classical literature refers to the ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature, and the foundation of modern literature development; It is a link connecting the preceding with the following and an indispensable part of the history of literary development; It is the most fundamental thing in Chinese literature.

Generally, classical literature refers to the ancient literary works of various nationalities, which is a part of literature, and the foundation of modern literature development. It is a link connecting the preceding with the following as well as an indispensable part of the history of literary development. More, it is the most fundamental issues in Chinese literature.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.中国现代文学的发展﹐是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化﹑继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。中国是一个有著悠久的文化传统的文明古国。

The progress of Chinese modern literature is the process of absorbing outstanding foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting national tradition to make it modernized. China is an ancient civilization with a long cultural tradition.

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process of absorbing the nourishment of foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting the national tradition to make it modernized. China is an ancient civilization with a long cultural tradition.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段:新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of new China in 1949, among which many literary schools have emerged. It can be roughly divided into four stages: new period literature, literature in 1980s , literature in 1990s and literature of the new century.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:11, 12 November 2020 ()

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of New China in 1949, among which many literary schools have emerged. It can be roughly divided into four stages: literature of the new period, literature in 1980s , literature in 1990s and literature of the new century.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is an era of rapid social changes. In this period, pre Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred schools of thought has promoted the prosperity of literature.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.当代文学的两大传统虽然已分清了主次地位，但两种价值观念、两种美学修养、两种文化实践，仍然存在着尖锐的冲突，并通过政治运动的形式一再表现出来。

Although the two major traditions of contemporary literature have been distinguished as primary and secondary, there are still sharp conflicts between the two values, two aesthetic cultivation and two cultural practices, which have been repeatedly manifested in the form of political movements.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Although the two major traditions of contemporary literature have been distinguished as primary and secondary, sharp conflicts still exsit between the two values, two aesthetic cultivation and two cultural practices, which have been repeatedly manifested in the form of political movements.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:14, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国小说源远流长，明清以来更是出现了众多白话小说，然后以五四新文学为起点，中国现代小说以全新的思想内涵和前所未有的表现形式，掀开了中国小说发展史上崭新的一页，展现了现代的行为方式和思维方式。

Chinese novels have a long history. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, many vernacular novels have appeared. Starting from the May 4th Movement, Chinese modern novels opened a new page in the development of Chinese novel with brand-new ideological connotation and unprecedented forms of expression, showing modern behavior and thinking mode.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

中国是诗歌的国度。尤其到了唐代，中国古典诗歌进入全盛时期。唐代近三百年间涌现出了大批优秀诗人和杰出的诗歌作品。唐代诗歌数量极大，题材广泛，意象和风格多样化，出现了大量思想性和艺术性完美结合的作品。

China is a country of poetry, and especially in the Tang Dynasty, classic Chinese poetry reached its heyday. Over the nearly 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, myriads of excellent poets and outstanding works mushroomed. The Tang Dynasty boasts a great number and extensive themes of poetry with varied images and styles, as well as numerous works combining great thoughts and artistry.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

《西游记》是根据民间流产的有关唐代高僧玄奘前往天竺取经的轶事创作而成。小说故事情节曲折生动，奇幻精彩，充满了浓厚的艺术魅力。小说充满了浪漫主义精神，作者想象力丰富，人物构思奇特，化人与妖为一体。

''Journey to the West'' is based on the popular folk legends about the journey of Xuanzang to India for the purpose of introducing Buddhist sutras into China. The infinite charm of the novel comes from its delightful twists and turns in its unique and fantastic setting. The novel adds much imagination and a touch of romanticism into the historical event, and even creates many truly fantastic, half-human and half-monster characters.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

近代文学，指1840年鸦片战争至1919年五四运动前夕的文学，即中国现代化孕育期的文学，反映了中国文学挥别传统、重塑现代的特殊精神追求。

Chinese modern literature refers to the one reflecting the origin of Chinese modernization drive from the First Opium War in 1840 to the May 4th Movement in 1919, expressing the special spiritual pursuit of Chinese literature reshaping the modern era while discarding traditions.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学，它限定在“中国大陆”这一范围之中。

Chinese contemporary literature, firstly refers to the one since 1949, secondly to the one about specific historical language context of socialism limited in “Mainland China”.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

Chinese classical literature boasts poetry, prose, novels, Ci, Fu, Qu and other forms of expression， among which are miscellaneous artistic expression methods, endowing Chinese classical literature with a colorful and glorious landscape. Over thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture has bred Chinese classical literature, while Chinese classical literature, in turn, has greatly enriched traditional Chinese culture thus endowing it with deeper influential power.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.古典文学泛指各民族的古代文学作品，是文学的一部分，是现代文学的发展基础。

Classical literature generally refers to ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature and the developmental foundation of modern literature.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Classical literature generally refers to ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature and the basis on which the modern literature develops.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.现代文学是中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern literature is, under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese history, a new literature formed by the wide acceptance of foreign literature.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern literature is, under the historical changes in the Chinese society, a new literature formed by the extensive influence of foreign literature.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

3.在评价“中国当代文学”的时候，我们一方面要克服沾沾自喜的自诩和自大，另一方面，要具有放眼世界、虚心向善的态度。

When evaluating “contemporary Chinese literature”, we must overcome self-satisfaction and arrogance on the one hand, and on the other hand, we must have an attitude of modesty and openning our eyes to the whole world.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

When evaluating “contemporary Chinese literature”, we must overcome self-satisfaction and arrogance on the one hand, and on the other hand, we must have an open mind to the whole world and the attitude of modesty.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。
The Spring and Autumn Period underwent drastic social changes, during which the Pre-Qin proses had an important place in Chinese literature history.

中国平民文学直面现实，深层揭示社会矛盾，以文学的方式推动社会的发展与进步，所起的作用是“体制内”官方作家无法做到的。
Chinese civilian literature directly faces the reality, and unveils deep social tensions, promoting social development and progress by using literature, the role of which can’t be achieved by official writers who are in the “system”.

“五四”以后﹐无产阶级作为独立的力量登上政治舞台﹐并在社会生活中日益显示出自己的力量﹔与历史的这一发展相适应﹐20年代中后期起在文学上提出了以“农工大众”为主要服务对象与表现对象的要求。
After the May 4th Movement, proletariate ascended political arena as an independent force, and gradually manifested its power in social life; in accordance with the development of history, the proletariate proposed the requirement that farmers, workers and the public should be the main service and performance object in literature in the mid and late 20s.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:07, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era with dramatic social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:26, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2.现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern literature is a new literature that has been widely accepted by foreign literature under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
Modern literature is a new literature that has been formed with wide influence of the foreign literature under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:26, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学;其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.

Contemporary Chinese literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature, firstly refers to the one since 1949, secondly to the one about specific historical language context of socialism limited in “Mainland China.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:12, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of drastic social changes. During this period, the prose of Pre-Qin Time occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era with drastic social changes, during which, the prose of Pre-Qin Time occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. “五四”以后，无产阶级作为独立的力量登上政治舞台，并在社会生活中日益显示出自己的力量；与历史的这一发展相适应，20年代中后期起在文学上提出了以“农工大众”为主要服务对象与表现对象的要求。

After the May 4th movement, the proletariat, as an independent force, stepped on the political stage and increasingly showed its strength in social life. In line with this development of history, since the middle and late 1920s, it has been proposed in literature that "the masses of farmers and workers" should be the main object of service and performance. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后, 文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year imprisonment of thought and culture. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after breaking the shackle of thought and culture for ten years.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:14, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
In the middle and late 1970s, the literature entered a new stage in terms of its modernization and nationalization after getting out of the shackle of thought and culture for ten years.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==
诗歌发展历程中的先驱之作便是以诗经和楚辞为代表的。诗歌从始至终都离不开情感的作用，诗情是强烈的，真诚的。
The Book of Songs and The Songs of Chu is the representative works in the development of poetry, and the intense and sincere emotion is the key factor.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 10:05, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

现代文学属于二十世纪资本主义文化的一部分。
Modern literature is the product of the 21st century capitalist society.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 10:05, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. 元诗的历史既是中国古典诗歌的传承，也是创新，这是因为诗人和文化背景的变化。宋朝建立于960年，统一了从中原北部到长江地区的传统中国心脏地带。

The history of Yuan poetry involves both the received legacy of Classical Chinese poetry together with innovations, in part related to linguist and other changes in regard to aspects of the cultural background.Founded in 960, the Song dynasty reunified most of the traditional Chinese heartland from the North Central Plain to the area of the Yangzi River.

2. 回到现当代文学，要说标准丧失也不尽然，所谓“汉学化”就未尝不被当成一个“标准”。若问现当代文学研究在向哪里看齐？哪些研究主导着现当代文学的“话语生产”？在一些学者那里，恐怕就是海外汉学。这不是很正常的。

Returning to modern and contemporary literature, it is not entirely true to say that standards have been lost, but the so-called "Sinologization" has been taken as a "standard. If we ask where is modern and contemporary literary research aligning itself? What studies dominate the "production of discourse" in modern and contemporary literature? In some scholars' eyes, I'm afraid it's overseas Sinology. It's abnormal.

3. 网络通俗小说则是衣食父母至上，就是写爽文，变着花样取悦读者，开模，复制，这种文化产业流水线的作品，文学性趋近于无。各平台的自媒体输出，更是和文学无关了，它的本质是营销，用户想听什么就说什么，不能量产、快速变现的文字都是难以生存的。

The network popular fiction is the supremacy of parents, that is, to write cool text, changing patterns to please the reader, open mode, copy, this cultural industry assembly line works, literary sex tends to nothing. The media output of each platform has nothing to do with literature, its essence is marketing, and users can say whatever they want to hear.

4. 到公元8世纪初，唐王朝出现了所说的“开元盛世”，经济、文化发展到鼎盛。诗歌创作领域也出现大批优秀诗人，写下内容异常丰富的诗歌。其中田园山水诗和描写边塞战争的诗占相当比重，李白、杜甫也出现在这时。

By the beginning of the 8 century AD, the Tang dynasty was at the height of its economic and cultural development in what is known as the "Age of Enlightenment". A large number of outstanding poets emerged in the field of poetry creation, writing unusually rich poems. Among them, poems of idyllic landscapes and poems describing wars in the frontier areas accounted for a considerable proportion, and Li Bai and Du Fu also appeared at this time.

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1. 在中国，把从远古流传下来的原始歌谣和神话传说，直到五四以前大量的有一定价值的文学作品，叫古典文学。

In China,a large number of valuable literary works which appeared before the May Fourth Movement and handed down from the original ballads, myths and legends in ancient times are called classical literature.

2. 在抗战中期民族形式问题的讨论中﹐文学与人民的关系﹑作家与人民的关系成为理论家与作家关注﹑思考的中心。在创作实践上﹐爱国主义成为文学的重大主题。

In the discussion of national forms in the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, the relationship between literature and the people and the relationship between writers and people became the center of attention and thinking of theorists and writers. In creative practice, patriotism has become a major theme of literature.

3.1949年中华人民共和国建国之后，中国已进入“社会主义革命”阶段，必然地出现一种新性质的文学形态。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China has entered the stage of "socialist revolution", thus a new literary form will inevitably appear.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 07:14, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

For thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture cultivated the classical Chinese literature. At the same time the classical Chinese literature also greatly enriched the traditional Chinese culture and made it have more profound influence.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

For thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture cultivated the classical Chinese literature, which in turn greatly enriched the traditional Chinese culture and made it have more profound influence.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 08:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
2.现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁。

Modern literature not only manifested the modern theories of science and democracy with modern language, but also renovated the traditional literature in art form and methods of performance, building some new literary genres including drama, modern Chinese poetry, modern novels, essays, prose poems and reportage.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern literature not only expressed modern scientific and democratic ideas with modern language, but also innovated traditional literature in art forms and expressive methods, introducing some new literary genres including drama, modern Chinese poetry, essays, prose poems and reportage. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:03, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段:新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, among which it appeared a lot of literary schools. It can be divided into four stages, that is, new-era literature, 80s literature, 90s literature and new-century literature.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
中国古典文学名著是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品。

The masterpieces of Chinese classical literature are classics or outstanding works shining brilliantly in the history of Chinese literature.

The masterpieces of Chinese classical literature are shining examples in the history of Chinese literature. --[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 03:25, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern Chinese literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society and the influence of foreign literature.

中国的当代文学，不同于以反帝反封建为主的现代文学，其发展是在社会主义领导下进行的，并与国家政治息息相关.

Contemporary Chinese literature is different from modern literature, which is mainly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. It develops under the leadership of socialism and is closely related to national politics.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 08:39, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1.中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Chinese classical literature has a variety of forms of expression such as poetry, prose, novels, words, fu, songs, etc. In different styles, there are also a variety of artistic expressions, thus making Chinese classical literature present a colorful, magnificent and brilliant picture.

2.发轫于1917年文学革命的中国现当代文学，虽然至今不足百年，但却开辟了中国文学史上翻天覆地的新时代，是文学上“从来没有经历过的最伟大、进步的变革，是一个需要巨人而且产生了巨人——在思维能力、热情和性格方面，在多才多艺和学识渊博方面的巨人的时代”。

The modern and contemporary Chinese literature, originated from the literary revolution in 1917, has opened up an earth-shaking new era in the history of Chinese literature with the last less than a hundred years. It is "the greatest and progressive change that has never happened before in literature. It is an era that requires and produces giants-giants capable of thinking ability, enthusiasm and character, versatility and profound knowledge".

3.中国当代文学体制沿袭1949年以后的官方文学体制，培养出大量庸俗腐朽，阿谀逢迎体制内作家，旷日持久地制造出人类文明时代以来巨量的文学垃圾，而少数具有精神自省的自由中国作家所创作的有着较高思想价值和艺术价值的文学精品难以面世，导致中国当代不仅文学界，而是全社会腐朽庸俗之风日盛，精神与思想面临全面崩溃的局面。

The Chinese contemporary literature system, following the official literature system after 1949, cultivate a lot of vulgar decay who flatter writer in the system, and has created a huge amount of literary rubbish in the era of human civilization for a long time. However, it is difficult to publish literary masterpieces with high ideological and artistic values performed by a few free Chinese writers with spiritual introspection, which leads to the growing trend of decadent vulgarity, not only in the literary world but also in the whole society in contemporary China, and the overall collapse of spirit and thought.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 03:23, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==

1.中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Chinese classical literature has poetry, prose, novels and words, assignments, songs and other forms of expression. In a variety of styles, there are all kinds of artistic expressions, so that Chinese classical literature presents a colorful and magnificent picture.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

2.无论是从思想上还是从艺术上看，五四新文学是一种与传统文学迥异的现代文学，是中国文学史上名副其实的革命。

Whether ideologically or artistically, May 4th New Literature is a kind of modern literature which is very different from traditional literature and is a veritable revolution in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国现当代文学的源头是五四文学。五四文学是中国文学发展史上一次前所未有的本质性变异，它划定了从传统文学到现代文学的不同历史时代。

The source of contemporary Chinese literature is May 4th literature. May 4th literature is an unprecedented essential variation in the history of Chinese literature, which delimits different historical times from traditional literature to modern literature.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The source of modern and contemporary Chinese literature is May 4th literature. May 4th literature is an unprecedented essential variation in the history of Chinese literature, which delimits different historical times from traditional literature to modern literature. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:48, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。

Classical Chinese literature is the classic or excellent work shining brilliantly in the history of Chinese literature， which is a remarkable treasure in the treasure house of the world literature.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical literature is a classic or excellent work with brilliant brilliance in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature treasure house.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2.现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

In the more than 60 years of development after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature, marked by the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, has undergone the period of the new democratic revolution and the period of socialism with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and the nature of society.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the more than 60 years after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature, with the evolution of Chinese revolution and social nature, went through two historical stages: the new democratic revolution period and the socialist period with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as the turning point.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the course of more than 60 years of development after the May 4th literary revolution, modern literature has experienced two historical stages, the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism, with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and social nature, taking the founding of the People's Republic of China as a turning point in October 1949.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:30, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。

The independent ideas of Chinese civilian writers, especially freelance writers, usually show the light of ideas in their works with terrifying truth.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The independent thoughts of Chinese civilian writers, especially the free writers, usually show the light of their thoughts in their works with horrible truth.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The independent thought of Chinese civilian writers, especially free writers, usually shows the light of thought with terrible truth in their works.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:30, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.文学发展到西晋开始了明显的转变。西晋的士族制度加深了阶级鸿沟，士族文人远离社会和人民，他们的创作缺乏现实内容，就只能追求形式的华美，逐渐走上形式主义的道路。

The development of literature to the Western Jin Dynasty began an obvious change. The scholastic system in the Western Jin Dynasty deepened the class gap, and the literati were far away from the society and the people. Their creations lacked realistic content, so they could only pursue the beauty of form and gradually embarked on the road of formalism.

The development of literature into the Western Jin Dynasty began a marked transformation.The taxi system in the Western Jin Dynasty has deepened the class gap, and the literati are far from the society and the people.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 06:17, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.“五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的历史性变革﹐集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。

The historical changes caused by the "May 4th" literary revolution in the history of Chinese literature are concentrated in the combination of literature and the masses, the conscious connection between literature and progressive social trends of thought, national liberation and the people's revolutionary movement.

3.中国当代文学发展到今天主要分为“社会主义初期文学”、改革开放后的“新时期文学”、“中国先锋文学”、“中国自由文学”、以及“通俗流行文学”等五大类。

Today, Chinese contemporary literature is mainly divided into five categories, namely, "literature of the early socialism", "literature of the New Era" after the reform and opening up, "Chinese avant-garde literature", "Chinese liberal literature" and "popular literature".--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 10:28, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1、先秦散文主要可分为历史散文和诸子散文。就大体情况而言，历史散文主要是叙事的，诸子散文主要是说理的。

Pre-Qin essays could be divided into historical essays and essays written by masters of that period. In general, the former is narration, and the latter argumentation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.、严复、林纾是这个时期著名的翻译家，他们分别以各自熟练的古文翻译西方社会科学和文学作品，对传播新思想、新文化，起了积极的作用和广泛的影响。

Yan Fu and Lin Shu are famous translators in this period. They respectively translated western social sciences and literary works into fluent ancient Chinese, which played an important role in spreading the new ideas and new culture. --[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3、在抗日战争时期，民族危难使作家和人民有了共同命运，推动着许多曾经有过脱离人民的倾向，“为艺术而艺术”的作家走出个人小天地。
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the national crisis made writers and the people share a common destiny, and pushed many writers who had once been inclined to break away from the people and "make art for art's sake" out of their private world.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4、诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行二首》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。
The poet Li Bai wrote many works reflecting the lives of women, including "Chang Gan Xing", one of his outstanding poems. In the voice of a woman living in Changgan whose husband is a businessman,it narrated her love life, and expressed her deep longing for her husband who was far away.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

古代人民辛勤劳作中创作出的农业文明，对古代社会的方方面面均产生了诸多影响，也对当前我国古代文学的创作、作品、审美以及发展产生影响。

The agricultural civilization created by the hard work of the ancient people has had many impacts on all aspects of ancient society, and also has an effect on the creation, works, aesthetics and development of ancient Chinese literature.

波澜起伏的时代思潮为观照作家的心态变化提供了参考体系，考察现代文学作家心态变化与文学思潮的关联之后发现，作家心态不断经历着从思潮袭来时的激昂乐观到思潮退去后的悲观失望的变化，由此构成了从呐喊到彷徨的循环怪圈。

The ups and downs of different Zeitgeist of the times provide a reference for observing the writer’s mentality changes. After examining the relationship between the modern literary writer’s mentality changes and literary thoughts, it is found that the writer’s mentality has experienced from the passionate optimism when the thoughts hit at the beginning to the pessimistic disappointment when the thoughts fade. The change is also reflected in his books from Call to Pacing Back and Forth.

鉴于不同语言和文化所孕育的文学的特殊性，中国当代文学的国际翻译传播之路也必然具有特殊性。

In view of the particularity of literature bred by different languages and cultures, the international translation and spread of Chinese contemporary literature must also bear uniqueness.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 15:39, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.《离骚》是我国诗歌史上现存第一篇宏伟壮丽的抒情长诗，也是一篇浪漫主义杰作。

''Li Sao'' is the first exsiting long lyric poem in the history of Chinese literature and a masterpiece of Romanticism.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.鲁迅笔耕一生，留下了大量著述。白话短篇小说《狂人日记》是中国现代文学史上第一篇用现代体式创作的小说，标志着中国现代小说的伟大开端。

Lu Xun was engaged in writing all through his lifetime, leaving behind an immense number of books. ''Diary of a Madman'' was the first novel written in the modern form in Chinese literature, symbolizing the great outset of modern Chinese fiction.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.矛盾始终坚持革命现实主义的文艺应与中国的革命统一步调，反对公式化，概念化的倾向，注重艺术形式与技巧的探索。他还是中国现代文学批评的开创者之一。

Mao Dun adhered all the time to the stand that revolutionary realism should be in step with Chinese revolution and opposed the trend of formalism and conceptualization. He laid stress on the probe into artistic form and technique. He was also one of the pioneers of modern literary criticism in China.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.总之，强烈要求摆脱羁绊，追求个性解放和精神自由，风格飘逸豪放，是李白诗歌的最大特色。

In general, Li Bai's poetry is characterized by its unconventional spirit and highly personalized imagery.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.中国古典文学包括诗歌、小说、戏曲、散文，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，是中国文化与中国精神的体现，是当代青年学习与认识我国传统文化的重要手段。

Chinese classical literature, which concludes poetry, novels, operas, and prose, is an important composition of Chinese traditional culture, the embodiment of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, and an important means for contemporary youth to learn and understand Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。

The achievement of modern literature lies in its anti-imperialist and anti-feudal progressive mainstream, its spirit and method of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, its integration of language and literature, and its exploration and efforts towards popularization have prepared certain historical conditions for the New Literature Movement of the "May Fourth" era.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.中国现代文学既是作家作品的历史，也是文学和文化思想的历史，也是中国社会接受和运用现代文学的历史。

Modern Chinese literature is not only the history of writers' works, but the history of literature and cultural thoughts, as well as the history of Chinese society's acceptance and use of modern literature.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

4.诗仙李白的《长干行》有多种英译本，其中美国诗人庞德译为The River-Merchant's Wife: A letter，中国著名翻译家许渊冲教授翻译为Ballad of A Trader's Wife，王玉书先生则译为A Merchant's Wife Complaint，这三个英译本分别用韵味深长的遣词和造句，传神地塑造了异彩纷呈的女主人公形象。

There are many English translations of ''Chang Gan Xing'' by the poet Li Bai. Among them, the American poet Pound translated it as ''The River-Merchant's Wife: A letter'', the famous Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong translated it as ''Ballad of A Trader's Wife'', and Wang Yushu translated it as ''A Merchant's Wife Complaint''. These three English translations use provocative words and sentences to vividly portray the colorful heroine image.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.The term "classic novels", writes Andrew H. Plaks, is a "neologism of twentieth-century scholarship" which seems to have come into common use under the influence of C. T. Hsia's Classic Chinese Novel.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

安德鲁·H·普拉克斯（Andrew H. Plaks）写道，“经典小说”一词是“二十世纪学术的新神学”，似乎在夏·夏亚的中国经典小说的影响下得到了普遍使用。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

安德鲁·H·普拉克斯（Andrew H. Plaks）写道，“经典小说”一词是“二十世纪学术的新词”，似乎在夏志清中国经典小说的影响下开始普遍使用。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:19, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.The literary reform movement that began with these and other “calls to arms” was an important part of the larger New Culture Movement for cultural and sociopolitical reform, which was greatly strengthened by a student protest on May 4, 1919, against the intellectual performance of the Chinese delegates to the Paris Peace Conference formally terminating World War I. --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

从这些和其他“呼吁武器”开始的文学改革运动是规模更大的文化和社会政治改革新文化运动的重要组成部分，该运动在1919年5月4日针对学生的智力表现提出的学生抗议活动得到了极大的加强。参加巴黎和平会议的中国代表正式结束了第一次世界大战。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

文学改革运动是从这些及其他“号召”运动开始的，是规模更大的文化及社会政治改革—新文化运动的重要组成部分，该改革由一名学生于1919年5月4日抗议得到极大推动，该学生抗议中国代表团精英分子在表明第一次世界大战正式结束的巴黎和会上的表现。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The contemporary period refers to the glorious thirty years from the May Fourth Movement in 1919 until the foundation of the Peoples' Republic of China in 1949.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

当代时期指的是从1919年“五四”运动到1949年中华人民共和国成立的三十年。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

当代是指从1919年“五四”运动到1949年中华人民共和国成立的辉煌三十年。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:21, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.The most popular Tang Poems collection might be the so-called 300 Tang Poems compiled by Qing dynasty scholar Sun Zhu. It is so popular that many poems in it have been adopted by Chinese language text books of China's primary schools and secondary schools. Some of the poems in it are normally regarded as must-recite ones.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

最受欢迎的唐诗集可能是清代孙子编纂的所谓《唐诗三百首》。它是如此流行，以至于其中许多诗歌被中国中小学的汉语课本所采用。其中的一些诗歌通常被认为是必须朗诵的诗歌。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

最受欢迎的唐诗集可能是清代孙洙编纂的《唐诗三百首》。它是如此流行，以至于其中许多诗歌被中国中小学的汉语课本所采用。其中的一些诗歌通常被认为是必须背诵的。--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

20201109 cult

2020-11-16T06:51:09Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==--[[User:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|SAFFANA ALSIED 2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA ALSIED 2|talk]]) 18:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

1.The book provides precious biographical records of various kinds of people who lived during the 3,000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. It is also valued as a literary work and has a great influence on the literary development of subsequent prose, fiction and drama.

这本书提供了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝三千年间各种生活的各种珍贵的传记记录。它也被认为是文学作品，并且对随后的散文，小说和戏剧的文学发展产生重大影响。

该书提供了从传说中的黄帝到汉武帝三千年间各类人物珍贵的传记记录。它作为文学作品也很受重视，对后来的散文、小说、戏剧的文学发展有很大的影响。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese literature from the Opium War of 1840 to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 is known as modern Chinese literature.

从1840年鸦片战争到1949年中华人民共和国成立的中国文学被称为现代中国文学。

1840年鸦片战争至1949年中华人民共和国成立前的中国文学称为中国现代文学。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.During the 10-years Great Cultural Revolution, literature withered. But the great victory in smashing the Gang of Four in 1976 ushered in a new period.

在文化大革命的十年中，文学萎缩了。但是，1976年粉碎四人帮的巨大胜利迎来了一个新时期。

十年文革期间，文学凋敝。但在1976年粉碎四人帮后，它迎来了一个新时期。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.My forehead covered by my hair cut straight,
I played with flowers pluck’d before the gate.
On a hobby-horse you came on the scene,
Around the well we played with plums still green.

我的额头被头发遮住了
我玩着在大门前摘的花。
在一辆业余马中，您来到了现场，
在井周围，我们打着仍然绿色的李子。

我的额头被剪直的头发遮住，
手拨弄着门前采来的花。
你骑着一匹骏马出现，
在井边，我们逗弄着仍旧青涩的李子。--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 23:47, 15 November 2020 (UTC)
==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1. 《诗经》在艺术创作上很有特色。首先，《诗经》里的作品多方面描写了现实生活，表现了不同阶层人民在现实生活中的各种感受，真实地反映了现实生活，这是它的一大特色。

"The Book of Songs" is very distinctive in artistic creation. First of all, the works in "The Book of Songs" describe real life in many ways, showing the various feelings of people of different classes in real life, which is a major characteristic of it.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''The Book of Songs'' is very distinctive in artistic creation. First of all, the works in ''The Book of Songs'' describe real life in many ways, show the feelings of people of different classes in real life, and truly reflect real life, which is one of its major characteristics.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学的发展，是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化，继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process in which we nationalize foreign culture by absorbing its nutrition, and modernize national tradition by inheriting it.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

The development of modern Chinese literature is a process of absorbing the nutrition of foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting the national tradition to make it modernized.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process in which we nationalize foreign literatures by absorbing their essence, and at the same time inherit and modernize the national tradition.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 13:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段：新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of New China in 1949, in which many literary schools have appeared. It can be roughly divided into four stages:new era literature,80s literature,90s literature and new century literature.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:33, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949, in which many literary schools appeared. It can be roughly divided into four stages: literature in the new period, literature in the 1980s, literature in the 1990s and literature in the new century.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 《诗经》内容丰富，反映了劳动与爱情、战争与徭役、压迫与反抗、风俗与婚姻、祭祖与宴会，甚至天象、地貌、动物、植物等方方面面，是周代社会生活的一面镜子。

''The Book of Songs'' is a mirror reflecting the social life of the Zhou Dynasty. It is rich in content, including labor and love, wars and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feast, as well as astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals, plants, etc. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 《呐喊》深刻反映了19世纪末到20世纪20年代间中国社会生活的现状，有力揭露和鞭挞了封建旧恶势力，表达了作者渴望变革，为时代呐喊，希望唤醒国民的思想。

''Call to Arms'' deeply reflects the status quo of Chinese social life and profoundly exposes and castigates vicious old feudalism, expressing the author‘ s aspiration for the transformation of the times and his desire to arouse the citizens. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''Call to Arms'' deeply reflects the status of Chinese social life from the late 19th century to 1920s and profoundly exposes and castigates vicious old feudalism, expressing the author‘ s aspiration for the transformation of the times and his desire to arouse the citizens.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. “伤痕文学”大都是以真实、质朴甚至粗糙的形式，无所顾忌地揭开文革给人们造成的伤疤，从而宣泄1966-1976年以来积郁心头的大痛大恨，这恰恰契合了文学最原始的功能：“宣泄”。

Scar Literature boldly uncovered the people’s wounds caused by the Cultural Revolution mostly in a real, plain and even rough form，thus releasing their pain and hatred from 1966 to 1976 hidden deep in their hearts, which fitted properly the primary function of literature——catharsis. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:32, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The content of the Book of Songs is abundant, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, suppression and resistance, custom and marriage, and ancestor worship and banquet, even astronomical phenomenon, landscape, animals, plants and so on. It’s a mirror of the social life of Zhou Period.

2. The Scream profoundly reflects Chinese social life from late 19th century to 1920s, which exposes and criticizes the feudal old force and expressed the author’s desire to reform. He screamed for the time, hoping to wake up people.

3. “Scare literature”, mainly simple, true and even rough, exposed the scars that the Cultural Revolution has brought to people with no fear, thus reliving the hatred from 1966 to 1976. This exactly matched the original function of literature—catharsis. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 03:08, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.建安时期，是我国文学史上一个“俊才云蒸”的时代，大量作家和作品涌现出来，使各种文体都得到了发展，尤其是诗歌方面打破了汉代四百年沉寂的局面.

During the Jian'an period, a great deal of men of letters and their works sprung up, promoting the development of various literary forms and poetry began to show vitality after years of decline.

2.黄遵宪认为"诗无古今",而不必模仿古人，只要能将"身之所遇，目之所见，耳之所闻","笔之于诗",我诗自有存在的价值。

Huang Zunxian is convinced that there is no such ancient poetry or modern poetry so we don't have to imitate the ancient people. The poetry is of great value so long as we write down what we encounter, see and hear.

3.因此中国现当代文学不但深刻包容了中华民族由古典向现代化转型过程中的真切的心理折射，而且也体现出现代中国人所能达到的审美能力和情操。

Therefore, modern and contemporary Chinese literature not only reflects the mentality of Chinese nation during the process transforming from classicalism to modernization, but embodies the aesthetic ablility and sentiment level that Chinese can reach.

4.李白的诗雄奇飘逸，艺术成就极高。他讴歌祖国山河与美丽的自然风光，风格雄奇奔放，俊逸清新，富有浪漫主义精神，达到了内容与艺术的统一。

Li Bai have written down a great number of poetry of grand and magnificent style and enjoys great artistic achievements. He eulogizes the mountains and rivers of motherland and the beautiful natural scenery by his poetry, which is majestic, unrestrained and full of romance, achieving the unity of content and art.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:58, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1. Travel literature in which authors wrote about their trips and about various destinations became popular perhaps because the texts could be cheaply bought. 旅行文学中作家撰写有关旅行和不同目的地的文章广受欢迎，也许是因为可以廉价地购买这些文本。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2. After the Communist victory, only literature approved by the government was allowed. 共产党胜利后，只允许政府批准的文献。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The period of contemporary literature was distinctive as it brought into being a new and revised literary language, form, content and skills allowing it to evolve into an independent and open art available to the whole of society. 当代文学的时代是独特的，因为它成为一种新的和经过修订的文学语言，形式，内容和技巧，使其发展成为可供全社会使用的独立和开放的艺术。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 09:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4. Li Bai was more of a Daoist. Dufu wrote Realist poems and Li Bai wrote romantic poems. 李白更像是道士。杜甫写实诗，李白写浪漫诗--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 06:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==
1.纳兰性德·《少年游》

算来好景只如斯，
惟许有情知。
寻常风月，
等闲谈笑，
称意即相宜。
十年青鸟音尘断，
往事不胜思。
一钩残照，
半帘飞絮，
总是恼人时。

Excursion of Teenagers
Nalan Xingde
It seems a fine prospect similarly follows natural tendencies,
Whose way could only be learned by soul mates.
Romantic sights moderate,
Merry-making mood in a less graced state,
And to be gratified means a well-proportioned rate.
Nothing further is heard after parting for ten years,
The association of the past can't bear to think of
A crescent moon with its streaks,
And willow catkins on the screen in fluffy streaks,
Which is nothing but curious freaks.

2.莫言，因其作品“将魔幻现实主义与民间故事、历史与当代社会融合在一起”而获得诺贝尔文学奖，是首位获此殊荣的中国籍作家。

Mo Yan is the first Chinese writer who received the honor of winning the Nobel Prize in Literature as his works “merges folk tales, history and the contemporary society with hallucinatory realism”.

3.巴金《梦》

据说“至人无梦”。幸而我只是一个平庸的人。我有我的梦中世界，在那里我常常见到你。昨夜又见到你那慈祥的笑容了。还是在我们那个老家，在你的房间里，在我的房间里，你亲切地对我讲话。你笑，我也笑。

Dream（Ba Jin）
It is said that "a virtuous man seldom dream".Fortunately, I am but an ordinary man.I dream my own dream, in which I often meet you.Last night I again saw your kindly smiling face.It was the same old home of ours. You talked to me cordially now inyour room, now in my room. You smiled and I also smiled.

4. 《赠汪伦》（李白）
李白乘舟将欲行，忽闻岸上踏歌声。
桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我行。
Presented to Wang Lun（Li Bai）
Li Bai on board, ready to push off,
suddenly heard the tramping and singing on the bank.
Peach Flower Pool a thousand feet deep
is shallower than the love of Wang Lun who sees me off.
--[[User:Chen Yongxiang|Chen Yongxiang]] ([[User talk:Chen Yongxiang|talk]]) 12:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Presented to Wang Lun（Li Bai）
Li Bai on board, ready to push off,
suddenly heard the tramping and singing on the bank.
Peach Flower Pool, though a thousand feet deep,
is shallower than the love of Wang Lun who sees me off.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 14:50, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 李白想象力丰富，一生创作了大量的诗歌，其诗歌对以后的历代诗人产生了重要影响，即使到现在中国人还非常喜欢他的诗。

Rich in imagination, Li Bai created a large number of poems throughout his life, which have great influence on the poets after him. Even now, his poems are still popular with many Chinese people.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Rich in imagination, Li Bai created a large number of poems throughout his life, which has great influence on the poets after him. Even now, his poems are still popular with many Chinese people.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。

Modern Chinese literature is concentrated on strengthening the combination of literature and people, the social ideological trend of literature and progress, and the conscious connection between national liberation and people's revolutionary movement.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern Chinese literature is concentrated on greatly strengthening the combination of literature and people, the social ideological trend of literature and progress, and the conscious connection between national liberation and people's revolutionary movement.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3.新中国成立带来的巨大历史变革﹐为社会主义文学的发展提供了坚实的生活基础。新中国的作家坚持真实地﹑历史地﹑在现实的变革和发展中反映生活﹐自觉地把社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

The great historical changes brought about by the founding of People’s Republic of China have provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature. Writers in New China insist on reflecting life truly, historically and in the change and development of reality, and consciously regard socialist realism as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 01:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The foundation People's Republic of China in 1949 has brought great historical changesand provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature.The Writers in New China insist on reflecting life under the change and development of reality in a true and historical way, and they also take socialist realism as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1. 古代文学一般包括欧洲古代文学和中国古代文学。欧洲古代文学又包括古希腊文学和罗马文学，中国古代文学按时间分类，包括先秦两汉文学，魏晋南北朝文学，唐宋文学，元明清文学。
The classical literature generally includes European classical literature and Chinese classical literature. The former consists of Ancient Greek and Rome literature, while the latter can be classified as four literatures according to different time. They are literature of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasty, Wei Jin South and North Dyansty, Tang and Song Dynasty, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

The classical literature generally includes European classical literature and Chinese classical literature. The former consists of Ancient Greek and Roman literature, while the latter can be classified chronologically as four kinds. They are literature of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, Wei Jin South and North Dyansties, Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
2. 近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。

The modern literature achieved progress in the mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism. It reflected reality and the pursuit of ideals through explorations ands efforts for language unity toward the popular. All these prepare certain historical conditions for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

The modern literature achieved progress in its mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.Its spirit and methods of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, along with its exploration and efforts in unifying and popularizing language and words, had made some historical prepare for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:45, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

The modern literature achieved progress in its mainstream of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.Its spirit and methods of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, along with its exploration and efforts in unifying and popularizing language and words, had made some historical preparations for the new literature movement in the May 4th Era.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.
The Chinese contemporary literature, first of all, refers to Chinese literature since 1949. Secondly, it means the literature that takes place in the context of specific socialist history. --[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 07:38, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 12:26, 10 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurs in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 李白既有清高傲岸的一面，又有世俗的一面，他的理想和自由，只能到山林、仙境、醉乡中去寻求。

Li Bai is not only lofty and proud, but also seculoar. To seek his ideals and ferredom, he can only search in the mountain forest, fairland and drunken state.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 02:20, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Li Bai is not only lofty and proud, but also secular. To seek his ideals and freedom, he can only seek in mountain forest, fairland and dazed state.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 08:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、《楚辞》是西汉刘向把屈原的作品及宋玉等人“承袭屈赋”的作品编辑而成的一部诗歌总集，它作为我国积极浪漫主义诗歌创作的源头，对后世文学影响深远。

The Songs of Chu is a collection of ancient Chinese poems which was authored by Liuxiang in western Han dynasty who piled Quyuan’s poems as well as those following Qu’s style written by Songyu and other poets into it.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2、郭沫若的代表作《女神》是中国现代新诗的奠基之作，在艺术上取得了新诗最辉煌的成就，是“五四”时期浪漫主义的瑰丽奇峰，其形式自由多变，依感情的变化自然地形成“情绪的节奏”。

The master work “Goddess” of Guo Moruo was the cornerstone in Chinese modern new-style poetry(free verse written in the vernacular). It obtained the most brilliant achievement in the art of the new-style poetry and was the magnificent peak of the romanticism during May Fourth period with its free and varied form, naturally producing emotional rhythm according to the changes of sentiments.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3、伤痕文学带有强烈的感情色彩，但由于主客观方面的原因，作品还缺乏深度，作家“先天不足，后天失调”，知识结构不健全。

Trauma literature had intense emotions, but lacked depth due to subjective and objective reasons. The writers of trauma literature had inherent weaknesses and lacked instruction which resulted in the unsound structure of knowledge in their writings.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

4、这首诗按照故事情节可简单分为上下两端，上段写美好，下段写悲伤，几乎完整地写出了一对恋人的前世今生，使读者能够完全代入，深深钻进这个凄美的故事里。

The poem(The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter) can be divided into two parts according to its plot. The former part describes happiness while the latter one describes sadness. The poem tells us almost a complete love story between one couple which makes the readers totally place themselves into the beautiful but painful story deeply. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 12:36, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

This poem can be simply divided into upper and lower ends according to the plot of the story. The upper part is good and the lower part is sad. It almost completely writes the past and present lives of a pair of lovers, so that the reader can fully substitute and dive into this poignant story .--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 06:20, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Grosheva, Anna==

1. During the Eastern Han Dynasty towards the end of the Han era, the influence of the philosophy of the Confucian Classics that hindered scientific progress was waning.
在汉朝末期的东汉时期，儒家经典哲学的影响力逐渐减弱。

2. Of course, the big change in Chinese society that happened with the change of government led to a change in literature.
当然，随着政府的变化，中国社会发生了巨大的变化，导致了文学的变化。

3. Contemporary literature took on a new vigor, despite the fact that the Chinese were in the throws of checkered and complicated times.
尽管中国处于一个复杂而复杂的时代，但当代文学却焕发出新的活力。

尽管当代中国局势复杂，当代文学却焕发出新的活力。--[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 13:23, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

4. Li Bai and Du Fu have a lot in common. Both worked as imperial court officials though neither of them passed the Imperial Examination, both lived in Sichuan, and both traveled. 李白和杜甫有很多共同点。尽管他们都没有通过科举考试，但他们都居住在四川，而且都曾旅行，但他们都是科举官。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 06:47, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.《水浒传》是中国四大名著之一，是一部以北宋末年宋江起义为主要故事背景、类型上属于英雄传奇的章回体小说。

The Water Margin is one of the four great Chinese novels, it is a chapter novel with Song Jiang's uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty as the main background and the type of heroic saga.

The Water Margin is one of the four great Chinese novels, which is a chapter novel based on the Song Jiang Uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty and belongs to the genre of heroic saga.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

As one of the four greatest Chinese novel, the Water Margin is a chapter novel with Song Jiang's uprising in the last year of the Northern Song Dynasty as the main background, belonging to the type of heroic saga.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:10, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.新中国的作家坚持真实地、历史地、在现实的变革和发展中反映生活,自觉地把革命现实主义即社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

Writers in the new China insist on reflecting life truthfully, historically in the midst of realistic changes and development, and consciously take revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.

Writers of the People's Repulic of China insist on reflecting life truthfully, historically in the midst of realistic changes and development, and consciously take revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

3.抗日民族解放战争与解放战争进一步加强了作家与现实生活的联系﹐出现了各种流派﹑创作方法的作家向革命现实主义归依的趋向﹐这反过来又促进了革命现实主义向反映现实的深度﹑广度与多样化方向的发展。

The Anti-Japanese War of National Liberation and the War of Liberation further strengthened the connection between writers and real life, and there was a tendency for writers of various schools and creative methods to turn to revolutionary realism, which in turn promoted the development of revolutionary realism in the direction of reflecting reality in depth, breadth and diversity.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.中国的四大名著指创作于明清时期的四部最伟大、最有影响力的小说。阅读四大名著，可以了解中国传统的社会、历史、地理、民俗和处世哲学。

The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinarefer to the four greatest and most influential novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Reading them can acquaint people with traditional Chinese society, history, geography, folk customs and philosophy of life.

2.大多数的中国人对这四部小说中的人物、情节和场景都很熟悉。它们已经深深地影响了中国人的思想、观念和价值观。现在，四部小说都已被改编成电影或电视剧，受到很多观众的喜爱。四大名著都具有很高的艺术水平，是中华民族的宝贵遗产，在中国文学史上也是一大创举。

Most Chinese are pretty familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have profoundly influenced the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people.Nowadays, the four novels have already been adapted into movies or TV series,favored by lots of audiences. Being high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritages of Chinese nation and pioneering works in the history of Chinese literature.

3.与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显着。

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are belived to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the book of songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on chinese literature.

4.唐诗泛指创作于唐代(618年-907年)的诗。唐诗是汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在《唐诗三百首》中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇都为后人所熟知。唐代的诗人特别多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界闻名的伟大诗人，他们的作品有很多都是脍炙人口的诗篇。

Tang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.). Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations. The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems ofthe Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations. There are lots of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of thetwo great poets’works are household poems.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 14:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
A. 与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。

Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance, and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace.

B. 这个时刻是20世纪中国文学史上最著名的转变之一，不久后，周树人就自诩为文学医生，专门疗救中国人灵魂的沉疴。在接下来的30多年里，他以“鲁迅”为笔名，成了现代中国文学的奠基者之一。

Soon after this Damascene moment — one of the most celebrated conversions in 20th-century Chinese culture — Zhou began his career as the self-appointed literary doctor of China’s spiritual ills. Across the next three decades, under the pen name Lu Xun, he became one of the founding figures of modern Chinese literature.

C. 莫言已出版各种主题的长篇小说、短篇小说和散文，尽管作为当代最重要的作家之一，他的社会批判显露在其寻根文学中，诺贝尔委员会指出。

Mo Yan has published novels, short stories and essays on various topics, and despite his social criticism is seen in his homeland as one of the foremost contemporary authors, the Nobel committee noted.--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 04:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1.中国文学的历史已有数千年的历史，从最早的朝代宫廷档案到明代兴起的成熟的乡土小说，都应运而生。

The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature vernacular fiction novels that arose during the Ming dynasty to entertain the masses of literate Chinese.

The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and different types of literature emerged from the earliest court records of dynasties to the mature local novels arising in the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学史记载了至少3000年前的不间断历史，其历史至少可以追溯到公元前14世纪。中国现代文学以丰富的文化为基础，蓬勃发展。

Chinese Modern Literature is a record of an uninterrupted history of more than 3,000 years, dating back at least to the 14th century BC. Based on luxuriant culture, Chinese Modern literature developed flourishingly.

The history of modern Chinese literature records an uninterrupted history at least 3000 years ago, and its history can be traced back to at least the 14th century BC. Modern Chinese literature is flourishing based on rich culture.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 06:21, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国当代文学可以定义为古典文学向现代的过渡。

Chinese contemporary literature can be defined as a transition of classical literature to the present-age.--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY|talk]]) 12:09, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature can be defined as the transition from classical literature to the modern literature.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:35, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guo Lu 郭露==

1. 小说中曹雪芹没有直接描写皇室的生活，而是通过刘一贾、史、王、薛四大家族的描写，其中又集中到贾府的兴衰。

In Cao Xueqin's display，his angle shifted from kinsmen of the emperor to focusing on Jia，Shi，Wang,and Xue Families，and then shifted from these four families to Jia Fami1y.

Without a direct display of the life of royal family, Can Xueqin depicted the Jia, Shi, Wang, and Xue families, among which the rise and fall of the Jia families was his focus.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:18, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.于千万人之中遇见你所遇见的人，于千万年之中，时间的无涯的荒野里，没有早一步，也没有晚一步，刚巧赶上了，那也没有别的话可说，惟有轻轻的问一声：“哦，你也在这里吗？”

When you meet the one among the millions, or in many years, across the borderless wastes of time, you happen to catch him or her, neither a step too early nor a step too late, what else is there to do except to ask softly: "So you're here, too?"

3. 他出身贫寒家庭，20岁参军的同时开始写小说。他的第一部小说《太阳下山》（The Sun Goes Down）是一本非官方英文译本，讲述的是两位军人英雄，他们因一名年轻的陆军厨师自杀而互相指责，从而毁了他们的声誉和友谊。

Born into a poor family, he began writing fiction at the same time as he joined the Chinese army at the age of 20. His first novel, called The Sun Goes Down in an unofficial English translation, was about two soldier-heroes who destroy their reputations and the friendship between them when they blame each other for the suicide of a young army cook.

4. 这首诗对商妇的各个生活阶段，通过生动具体的生活侧面的描绘，在读者面前展开了一幅幅鲜明生动的画面。

This poem unfolds a vivid picture for the readers through a concrete description of the various life of the Shang women.--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 16:28, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

This poem has depicted a vivid picture to the readers through vivid and concrete description of the life stages of the Shang women.--[[User:Hu Baihui|Hu Baihui]] ([[User talk:Hu Baihui|talk]]) 05:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==
1. The most prominent literary achievement in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) is the ci lyric, a type of poetry with lines of irregular length and set to music. It originated in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and fully developed in the Song Dynasty. Song lyrics took on two different styles.

宋代（960-1279）最杰出的文学成就是抒情诗，这是一种诗词，其诗篇幅不规则，并以音乐为背景, 它起源于唐代中期，并在宋代全面发展。

2. Literature in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) is known for its zaju or poetic drama set to music. The new dramatic form zaju reflects the various aspects of Yuan society.

元代（1271-1368年）的文学因以杂剧或诗歌形式的音乐剧而闻名。新的戏剧形式杂剧反映了元代社会的各个方面。

3. On May 4, 1919, a massive anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement broke out in China. It aimed at overthrowing Confucianism and promoting science, democracy, and writing in the vernacular.

1919年5月4日，中国爆发了大规模的反帝反封建爱国运动。它旨在推翻儒家思想，促进科学，民主和白话文写作。

4. Literature of the new period reflects various aspects of life of the changing society.

新时期的文学反映了变化中的社会生活的各个方面。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 01:50, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.《水浒传》在描绘这些英雄人物形象的时候，着重刻画他们每个人不同的性格。明末清初小说评论家金圣叹对于这一点做过精彩的分析。他认为，《水浒传》之所以吸引人，感动人，使人百读不厌，主要就在于它把这些英雄人物的独特的性格都写了出来。

In the traditional Chinese classic Water Margin, each hero are depicted with different personality The late Ming and early Qing dynasties novel critic Jin Shengqi did a wonderful analysis of this point. He believed that the "Water Margin" is so attractive and moving that people do not get tired of reading. The main reason for this is the unique characters of these heroes are fully portrayed.

2.王安忆的小说，多以平凡的小人物为主人公，这一点和80后作家李子悦有着共同的表现形式，著名演员周星驰也注重从平凡生活中的不平凡经历与情感，挖掘生活，在艺术表现上，她的早期小说多感情抒发，近期创作则趋于冷静和细致。

Wang Anyi's novels are ists, which has a common expression with the post-80s writer Li Zi Yue. The famous actor Zhou Xingchi also focuses on the extraordinary experiences and emotions from ordinary life, digging into life. In terms of artistic expression, her early novels express more feelings while recent works tend to be calm and meticulous.

3.老舍作品为中国现代文学创造了一个丰满完整的市民世界和独特生动的市民形象体系，风格独特，成就卓著，为推动中国现代文学创作的发展作出了重要贡献。

Lao She's works have created a rich and complete world of citizens and a unique and vivid system of citizen images for modern Chinese literature, with a unique style and outstanding achievements. He has made important contributions to the development of modern Chinese literature.

4.《长干行》的风格缠绵婉转，具有柔和深沉的美。
The style of "Chang Gan Xing" is lingering and melodious, with a soft and deep beauty.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 05:47, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧以及民间神话传说故事等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

There are many kinds of style in Chinese classical literature, such as poetry, prose, novel, drama and folklore. In various styles, there are also a variety of artistic expression techniques, which makes Chinese classical literature present a colorful and magnificent prospect.

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁﹐在叙述角度﹑抒情方式﹑描写手段及结构组成上﹐都有新的创造﹐具有现代化的特点﹐从而与世界文学潮流相一致﹐成为真正现代意义上的文学。

Modern Chinese literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society, which is widely influenced by foreign literature. It not only uses modern language to express modern scientific and democratic thoughts, but also innovates traditional literature in artistic forms and expression techniques. It establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novel, essay, prose poem, reportage, etc. it has new creation in narrative angle, lyric way, description means and structural composition, and has modern characteristics In line with the trend of world literature, it has become a real modern literature.

3.中国当代dao文学是中制国历史发生天翻地覆变革的时期，是中国文学由古典走向现代的时期。洞悉这一时期文学思潮变动的惊涛骇浪，也就可以读懂中国文学由古典形态向现代形态转换的历史必然性以及促成这一文学转折的多重因素。

Chinese contemporary D literature is a period of great changes in the history of China's system of state, and it is a period of time when Chinese literature changes from classical to modern. If we have a thorough understanding of the turbulent changes of literary thoughts in this period, we can understand the historical inevitability of the transformation of Chinese literature from classical form to modern form and the multiple factors that contributed to this literary transition.

4.诗人李白写过很多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行》就是其中杰出的诗篇。

Li Bai, a poet, has written many works reflecting women's life, among which the long march is an outstanding one.

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。

1. Chinese classical literature broadly refers to Chinese literature from pre-Qin to the end of Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, stylistic origin and development, literary movements, schools, literary theories, textual research and research of writers' works, and so on.

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁.

2. Chinese modern literature is a new literature which is widely influenced by foreign literature under the condition of historic changes in Chinese society. It not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in both artistic forms and expression techniques, and establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novels, essays, prose poems and reportage.

3. 在当代文学面向世界的新的历史条件下，有选择地吸收外来文化中一切好的内容和形式，溶化到本民族文艺的血液之中,以丰富和提高本民族的文艺,成为新时期作家艺术探索的重要课题。

3. Under the new historical conditions of contemporary literature facing the world, it has become an important topic for writers to explore art in the new period by selectively absorbing all the good contents and forms from foreign cultures and melting them into the blood of their own literature and art.

Under the new historical conditions in which contemporary literature is open to the world, it has become an important issue for writers in the new era to selectively absorb all the good contents and forms of foreign cultures, and melt them into the blood of their own national literature and art in order to enrich and improve it.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 05:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 唐诗是我国诗歌发展的最高成就。它继承了魏晋以来的诗歌精华，而且由于唐代开放的风气，清明的政治，以及统治者的推崇，使唐代诗歌有了长足的发展，如唐代科举制就要专门的考诗歌。

4. Tang poetry is the highest achievement in the development of Chinese poetry. It inherited the essence of poetry since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and due to the open atmosphere, clear politics and the esteem of rulers in Tang Dynasty, the poetry in Tang Dynasty has made great progress. For example, the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty required special examination of poetry.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:18, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

The poetry in Tang Dynasty boasted the highest achievement of the Chinese poetry, which inherited the essence of poetry since Wei and Jin Dynasties, and due to the open atmosphere, clear politics and the esteem of rulers in Tang Dynasty, the poetry in Tang Dynasty has made great progress. For example, the imperial examination system in Tang Dynasty required special examination of poetry.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 12:33, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

东汉末年，社会动荡不安。曹操挟持汉献帝，统一北方，社会有了比较安定的环境。曹操父子皆有高度的文学修养，由于他们的提倡，一度衰微的文学有了新的生机。

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turbulence, as Cao Cao hijacked Emperor HanXiandi and unified the north, and society gained a relatively stable environment. Both Cao Cao and his son have a high level of literary accomplishment. Thanks to their advocacy, the once declining literature has grown new vitality.

《骆驼祥子》是人民艺术家——老舍（舒庆春，1899-1966）所著的长篇小说，描述了20世纪20年代军阀混战时期人力车夫的悲惨命运。祥子是旧社会劳苦大众的代表人物。

"Camel Xiangzi" is a novel written by Lao She (Shu Qingchun, 1899-1966), known by the people's artist, which describes the tragic fate of a rickshaw driver during the warlord melee in the 1920s, who is a representative of the toiling masses in the old society.

贾平凹的小说在思想内容上大多都是描写现实的，如《浮躁》以农村青年金狗与小水之间的感情经历为主线，描写了改革开放初始阶段暴露出来的问题。

Most of Jia Pingwa's novels describe reality in terms of ideological content. For example, Turbulabce takes the love line between a rural young couple named JIngou and Xiaoshui to describes the exposed problems in the initial stage of reform and opening up.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 11:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1.“古典”在拉丁文中是“第一流的、典范的”意思。欧洲文艺复兴时期，文艺理论家以古希腊、罗马的优秀作品为典范，称为古典文学。在中国，把从远古流传下来的原始歌谣和神话传说，直到五四以前大量的有一定价值的文学作品，叫古典文学。

"Classical" means "first-rate and exemplary" in Latin. During the Renaissance in Europe, the theorists took those excellent works of ancient Greece and Rome as models and called them classical literature. While in China, the classical literature refers to the primitive ballads and myths handed down from time immemorial and the valuable literary works born before the May 4th Movement.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.这是完美的道格拉斯·亚当斯式的幽默，根植于语言、角色以及对语调和速度的完美控制，正是这些使得《银河系漫游指南》成为现代文学真正的经典。

This is Douglas Adams' humour, rooted in language, characters and the sheer control of tone and pacing, which makes The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy a genuine classic of modern literature.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.随之涌现了一大批当代文学作品，但其中大部分都很平庸。

This was accompanied by a flood of contemporary literature, most of it mediocre.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Followed by it was a flood of contemporary literature,most of which,however,were medicore.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 14:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《清明》
杜牧（唐代）
清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村。

Tomb-sweeping Day
Du Mu（Tang Dynasty）
It's rainy in this tomb-sweeping day,
and passersby were battered out of their senses.
I asked a local where I can purchase some wine,
then the cowboy said nothing but pointed at the distant village which is nestling amidst apricot blossoms.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1. 《孔雀东南飞》主要讲述了焦仲卿、刘兰芝夫妇被迫分离并双双自杀的故事，控诉了封建礼教的残酷无情，歌颂了焦刘夫妇的真挚感情和反抗精神。

Peacock Flies Southeast mainly tells the story of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi who were forced to separate and committed suicide, accuses the ruthlessness of feudal ethics and extols the sincere love and rebellious spirit of Jiao and Liu.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Peacock Flies Southeast mainly tells the story of Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanshi who were forced to separate and then committed suicide，which accuses the ruthlessness of feudal ethics while extolling the sincere love and rebellious spirit of these two main characters.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 01:38, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 《雷雨》以1925年前后的中国社会为背景，描写了一个带有浓厚封建色彩的资产阶级家庭的悲剧。该剧情节扣人心弦、语言精炼含蓄，人物各具特色，是“中国话剧现实主义的基石”，中国现代话剧成熟的里程碑。

Thunderstorm, with Chinese society around 1925 as the background, describes the tragedy of a bourgeois family with a strong feudal color. The drama is exciting in story, concise and subtle in language, and the characters have their own features. It is "the cornerstone of Chinese drama realism" and a milestone of the maturity of Chinese modern drama.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.《平凡的世界》以中国70年代中期到80年代中期十年间为背景，以孙少安和孙少平两兄弟为中心，刻画了当时社会各阶层众多普通人的形象,深刻地展示了普通人在大时代历史进程中所走过的艰难曲折的道路。

"Ordinary World" is set in China from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s and centered on two brothers, Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping. It depicts the images of many ordinary people from all classes at that time, and profoundly shows the difficult and tortuous road that ordinary people have gone through in the historical process of the great times.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《长干行》描绘了商妇各个生活阶段的各个生活侧面，展现了一幅幅鲜明生动的画面，塑造出了一个对理想生活执着追求和热切向往的商贾思妇的艺术形象.

"The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter" depicts every aspect of the life of a businesswoman at every stage of her life, showing vivid pictures, and shaping an artistic image of a businesswoman who pursues and longs for her ideal life.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 02:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==
1、改革开放 40 年来，中国古典文学研究事业在经典中寻找方向，在传统中汲取力量，在创新中积累经验，在回归中实现超越。

Over the past 40 years since the reform and opening up, the research on Chinese classical literature has been looking for direction in classics, gaining strength from tradition, accumulating experience in innovation and
surpassing predecessors when going back to the tradition.

2、鲁迅先生为现代文学第一人，小说代表作《呐喊》、《彷徨》和《故事新编》，鲁迅先生未创作创篇小说，以上所述都为中短篇小说集。

Mr. Lu Xun is the first person in modern literature, and his representative novels are The Scream, Wandering and New Stories.Mr. Lu Xun has not written any creative novels, and all of the above are collections of short stories.

2. Lu Xun is the leading person in modern literature, and his representative novels are The Scream, Wandering and New Stories.Mr. Lu Xun has not written any creative novels, and all of the above are collections of short stories.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:00, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3、《边城》寄托着沈从文“美”与“爱”的美学理想，是他的作品中最能表现人性美的一部。

Frontier City embodies Shen Congwen's aesthetic ideals of "beauty" and "love," and is the one of his works that best expresses the beauty of human nature.

4、《江雪》是唐朝诗人柳宗元经典的诗作。在中国，这首诗被选入国内小学课本和许多对外汉语教材之中，是脍炙人口的名篇。
Fishing in Snow is a classical poem by Liu Zongyuan, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In China, this poem was selected into elementary school textbook and many Foreign-Chinese textbooks，and it is a well-known poem.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 06:37, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、《山海经》是中国一部记述古代志怪的古籍，大体是战国中后期到汉代初中期的楚国或巴蜀人所作。它是一部荒诞不经的奇书。

The Classic of Mountains and Seas is an ancient Chinese book describing ancient supernatural beings. It was written by people of Chu or Bashu from the middle and late Warring States period to the early and middle Han Dynasty. It is a fantastic and absurd book.

2、唐代建国初的诗歌仍沿着南朝诗歌的惯性发展，柔靡纤弱，毫无生气。“初唐四杰”的出现开始转变了这种风气。他们才气横溢，不满现状，通过自己的诗作抒发愤激不平之情和壮烈的怀抱，拓宽了诗歌题材。

The poetry of the early Tang Dynasty still developed along the inertia of the poetry of the South Dynasty, which was soft, delicate and lifeless. The appearance of the "Four Great Poets " in the early Tang Dynasty began to change this trend. They are brilliant, dissatisfied with the status quo.they broaden the theme of poetry through their own poems to express the feelings of injustice and heroic embrace.

3、贾平凹作为陕西文坛的优秀代表，成为享誉海内外的文学大师，数十年如一日，笔耕不辍，以一个作家无比悲悯的情怀，深邃而富有远见的思想讴歌着时代，赞美着人性，用他的作品感动着亿万中国人的心。

Jia Pingwa, as an outstanding representative of shaanxi literature, has become a famous literary master at home and abroad. For decades, he has been working tirelessly, eulogizing the Times and human nature with his profound and far-sighted thoughts, and touching the hearts of millions of Chinese people with his works.

4、中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。它不仅用现代语言表现了现代科学民主思想，而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society and widely accepted the influence of foreign literature. It not only expresses the thought of science and democracy with modern language, but also innovates the traditional literature in art form and expression technique.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 13:48, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1.中国古代文学是中华文明的重要组成部分，它的历史悠久，其起源，约略同中华文明的起源同步。
Ancient Chinese literature is an important part of Chinese civilization. With a long history, it came into being as early as Chinese civilization.

2.近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。
The achievements of modern literature lie in its progressive mainstream of anti- imperialism and anti-feudalism, its spirit and method of reflecting reality and pursuing ideal, and its exploration and efforts towards language integration and popularization, which provided certain historical conditions for the New Literature Movement in the May 4th movement.

3.现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁﹐
Contemporary culture not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in artistic forms and expression techniques, which establishes new literary genres such as drama, new poetry, modern novel, essay, prose poem, reportage, etc.

4.唐诗是中华民族珍贵的文化遗产之一，是中华文化宝库中的一颗明珠，同时也对世界上许多国家的文化发展产生了很大影响，对于后人研究唐代的政治、民情、风俗、文化等都有重要的参考意义。
Tang poetry is one of the precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. At the same time, it has a great influence on the cultural development of many countries in the world. It also has important reference significance for the later generations to study the politics, folk lifestyles, customs and culture of the Tang Dynasty.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:54, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Tang poetry is one of the precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation and a pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. At the same time, it has a great influence on the cultural development of many countries in the world. It is of great significance for mentoring the later generations to study the politics, folk lifestyles, customs and culture of the Tang Dynasty.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:24, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧、词、赋等多种表现形式，从而使中国古典文学呈现多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集，收入自西周初年至春秋中叶五百多年的诗歌311篇，又称《诗三百》。《诗经》共有风、雅、颂三个部分，对中国的文学史、政治、语言、甚至思想上都有着非常深远的影响。

The Chinese classic literature has many forms of expression, such as poetry, prose, novels, dramas, Ci and Fu, thus making the Chinese classical literature colorful and magnificent. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. It contains 311 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. It consists of three parts: Feng, Ya and Song, which have a profound influence on the history of Chinese literature, politics, language and even thoughts. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想，而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。鲁迅是新文化运动的重要参与者，也是中国现代文学的奠基人之一。

Modern Chinese literature not only expresses scientific and democratic thoughts in modern language, but also innovates traditional literature in terms of art form and expression techniques. Lu Xun was an important participant in the new culture movement and one of the founders of modern Chinese literature. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 自从上个世纪末到新世纪以来，指责中国当代文学创作的批评声不绝于耳。21世纪的当代中国文学应该努力继承鲁迅留下的丰富遗产，当前尤其应在学习和弘扬鲁迅清醒的现实主义的批判精神、自觉的启蒙精神和独立的人格精神等方面做出切实而有效的努力。

From the end of last century to the new century, contemporary Chinese literacy works have been receiving criticism all the time. The 21st century contemporary Chinese literature should work hard to inherit the rich heritage left by Lu Xun. At present, we should especially make great efforts to study and carry forward the sober and realistic spirit of criticism, the conscientious spirit of enlightenment, and the independent spirit of personality. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 唐代大诗人李白不经意的吟诵，把我们带进人间仙境。

Such a casual poetry of the great poet Li Bai has brought us into a heaven on earth. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:32, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1. 中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

Chinese classical literature is an excellent work with brilliant brilliance in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature.For thousands of years, Chinese traditional culture has nurtured Chinese classical literature, which in turn has greatly enriched Chinese traditional culture and made it more profoundly influential.

Chinese classical literature is an excellent work shining brilliant glory in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature.For thousands of years, Chinese traditional culture has nurtured Chinese classical literature, which in turn has greatly enriched Chinese traditional culture and made it more profoundly influential.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:58, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society,which is greatly influenced by foreign literature.

Chinese modern literature is a new literature formed by greatly aborsobing foreign literature under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 01:58, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 中国自由文学在民间又称贫民窟文学，其概念出现于上世纪九十年代，以中国自由作家为代表，数十年扎根中国社会底层及贫民窟，极大的同情与关注社会底层贫民的生存状态，所创作的小说均表现中国社会边缘知识分子与社会底层贫民以及下层妓女的悲怆爱情故事，为新时期中国当代文学的代表作。

Chinese free literature is also known as slum literature among the people,which appeared in the 1990s.It’s represented by Chinese free writers who have been rooted in the bottom of Chinese society and slums for decades,showing great empathy and concern for the living conditions of the poor at the bottom of Chinese society.Their novels depicted the pathetic love stories between the marginal intellectuals of Chinese society and the poor at the bottom of society as well as the prostitutes of the lower class,which are the representative works of Chinese contemporary literature in the new era.

4. 诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。

The poet Li Bai has written many works reflecting women’s life,among which Ballad of a Merchant’s Wife is an outstanding one.It narrated the love life of a merchant’s wife living in Chokan in her own words and expressed her ardent yearning for his husband far away.It portrayed an image of a young woman with rich and deep emotions,which had touching artistic power.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 09:18, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The poet Li Bai has written many works reflecting women’s lives, among which ''Changgan Song'' is an outstanding one. It narrated the love life of a merchant’s wife living in Changganli (in Nanjing) in her own words and expressed her ardent yearning for his husband far away. It presented a moving power of art by creating an image of a young woman with rich and deep emotions. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:24, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Ou 刘欧==

1. 文学的起源是诗歌，亦即韵文先于散文，西方亦然。

The origin of literature is poem, and verse precedes prose, it is the same in the West.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

The origin of literature is poetry, implying that verse precedes prose, as it does in the west. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.凡每一个时代，其同时代最伟大的人，必有齐名者，如诗人称“李杜”，文称“韩柳”，画家则称“吴李”。

In every age, the most renowned person will have his counterpart, for example, the famous poets "Li Du"(Li Bai and Du Fu),writers "Han Liu"(Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan),painters "Wu Li"(Wu Daozi and Li Longmian).--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.在老一辈学术名家中，钱穆先生以其学问淹博、著述宏富著称。

--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:05, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Among the old generations of reputed scholars，Mr. Qian Mu is outstanding for his erudition and amount of work.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Among the old generations of reputed scholars，Qian Mu is outstanding for his erudition and amount of work.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:05, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.真实的文学来自广大群众，须采自当时某一地域的民间。

The authentic literature comes from the masses and must be collected from the folks in a certain area at that time.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 02:42, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

True literature comes from the masses and must be closely related with the folk of a certain region at that time. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 15:38, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Classical Chinese literature is a classical work or excellent work in the history of Chinese literature that shines with brilliant light, and it is a remarkable treasure among the treasures of world literature. Classical Chinese literature has a variety of expressions such as poetry, prose, novel, and lyrics, fu, and song, and a variety of artistic expressions in a variety of styles, thus making classical Chinese literature present a colorful, magnificent and glorious picture.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2、现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。两个阶段的文学既有各自的历史面貌﹐显示出不同阶段的差异性﹔

In the more than 60 years since the May Fourth Literary Revolution, modern literature has gone through two historical stages: the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism, following the Chinese Revolution and the evolution of the nature of society, with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point. The literature of the two stages has its own historical outlook and shows the differences between the different stages.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Following the Chinese Revolution and the evolution of the nature of society in more than 60 years since the May Fourth Literary Revolution, modern literature has gone through two historical stages: the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism,with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point. The literature of the two stages has its own historical outlook and shows the differences at the different stages.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:08, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。在批判现实主义基础上开创了一整套独立特行的现代美学与完整的思想价值体系，为中国当代坚持探究思想之源的文学巨匠的群体，同时也是具有非凡忍耐力和巨大牺牲精神的真正的作家群体。

The independent thoughts of Chinese commoner writers, especially freelance writers, usually shine through with terrifying truth. On the basis of critical realism, they have created a set of independent and unique modern aesthetics and a complete system of ideological values, and are contemporary Chinese literary giants who insist on exploring the source of ideas, as well as genuine writers with extraordinary endurance and great sacrifice.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:13, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
1.在中国的诗歌史上，唐诗、宋诗（词）作为两个难以逾越的高峰，灿烂着中国的文化领域，同时，又备受文人们的争议，从诗歌的写作背景，到诗歌的谋篇结构、锤词炼句、修辞用典，都是人们热爱和攻击的目标。
In the history of Chinese poetry, Tang poems and Song poems (ci), as two insurmountable peaks, glow in China’s culture. In the meanwhile, literati have held their own opinions about them. The background, the structure of poetry, sentences polishing, and rhetorical allusions are favorable for both supporters and haters

正是以胡适这些“沟通新旧两个艺术时代桥梁”的前“五四”白话诗为标志，中国诗歌结束了其几千年来在古典形态里的发展变化，初步确立了中国诗歌新的艺术形态，转换了中国诗歌古典与现代的题型，开始了一个伟大的“新诗纪元”。
Thanks to Hu Shi's symbolic pre May 4th vernacular poems, which connect the old and the new art eras, Chinese poetry has ended its thousands of years of development and changes in the classical form and established a new artistic form of Chinese poetry, changing the types of Chinese classic and modern poetry. Therefore, It started a great "new poetry era".

Thanks to Hu Shi's symbolic pre May 4th vernacular poems, which connect the old and the new art eras, Chinese poetry has ended its thousands of years of development and changes in the classical form and established a new artistic form of Chinese poetry, changing the types of Chinese classic and modern poetry. Therefore, a great "new poetry era" started.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:30, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

余华曾坦言： “我觉得我所有的创作，都是在努力更加接近真实。我的这个真实，不是生活里的那种真实。我觉得生活实际上是不真实的，生活是一种真假参半、鱼目混珠的事物。”
Yu Hua once said with honesty: "I feel that I'm struggling to bring my writings to be closer to reality. My definition of reality is not the reality in life. I think life is far from real. Life is a mixture of truth and falsehood."--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 02:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 这部小说也称《石头记》，作者是清代（公元1644年—公元1911年）大作家曹雪芹（约公元1715年—公元1764年）。小说最早以手抄本形式出版于18世纪中期，且原著仅有前80回留存于世。

Also known as "The Story of the Stone," the novel was written by Cao Xueqin (circa 1715-1764), a great writer of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The book was first published in the middle of 18th century in the form of hand-written copies and only the first 80 chapters of the original novel have survived.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2 在中国动画史上，有一部注定青史留名的影片，那就是上海美术电影制片厂的《大闹天宫》。美猴王的故事本就家喻户晓，加上京剧元素和中国民间艺术托底，让这部影片的艺术性到了当时难以企及的高度。

In the history of Chinese animation, if there's one movie that's destined to become immortal, it is the Shanghai Animation Film Studio's Havoc in Heaven. Its protagonist, the Monkey King, is a household name rooted in Chinese mythology and literature. Complete with fine art inspired by Peking opera and Chinese folk art, the movie scaled heights that no others could at the time.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3 电影《江姐》改编自1961年的著名小说《红岩》，讲述了共产主义革命烈士江姐(1920-1949)的波澜壮阔的一生，江竹筠被广泛认为是中国最著名的女英雄之一。

Based on the renowned 1961 novel "Red Crag," the film "Sister Jiang" follows the ups and downs of the Communist revolutionary martyr Jiang Zhuyun (1920–1949), widely regarded as one of most celebrated Chinese heroines. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4 李白有诗云，“相知在急难，独好亦何益”。

China’s great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty (7th-10th century) once wrote of friendship that “true friendship is revealed through adversity, and success becomes nothing when it is not shared”.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1. 古典文学是指希腊、罗马和其他古代文明的伟大杰作。荷马、奥维德和索福克勒斯的作品都是古典文学的典范。

Classical literature refers to the great masterpieces of Greek, Roman, and other ancient civilizations. The works of Homer, Ovid, and Sophocles are all examples of classical literature.

2. 欧洲近代文学史始于启蒙时代，18世纪巴洛克时期结束，继文艺复兴和近代早期文学之后。

The history of literature in the Modern period in Europe begins with the Age of Enlightenment and the conclusion of the Baroque period in the 18th century, succeeding the Renaissance and Early Modern periods.

3. 当代文学是二战后总体背景下的文学。当代文学的亚流派包括当代浪漫主义。

Contemporary literature is literature with its setting generally after World War II. Subgenres of contemporary literature include contemporary romance.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 01:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

1.《离骚》是屈原的代表作，是一首不朽的浪漫主义杰作，也是我国古代第一首抒情诗（第一首叙事诗是汉代的《孔雀东南飞》）。诗中的名句是：路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。”。它奠定了我国古典诗歌的浪漫主义基础。

" Lisao " is Qu Yuan's representative work, an immortal masterpiece of romanticism and the first lyric poem in ancient China (the first narrative poem is " the Peacock Flies to the Southeast " in the Han Dynasty). The famous sentence in the poem is: " The way ahead is long and has no ending; yet high and low I'll search with mu will unbending.", which laid the romantic foundation of Chinese classical poetry.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学的主流是人民的文学。 “五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的历史性变革﹐集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。这构成了中国现代文学的基本历史特点与传统。

The mainstream of modern Chinese literature is the people's literature. The historical changes in the Chinese literature caused by the "May 4th" literary revolution are concentrated in damatically combining the literature with the masses strengthening and spontaneously connetcting literature and the progressive social ideological trend with and national liberation and the people's revolutionary movement, which constitutes the basic historical characteristics and tradition of modern Chinese literature.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.新中国成立带来的巨大历史变革,人民当家作主、创造历史的自觉努力，为社会主义文学的发展提供了坚实的生活基础。新中国的作家坚持真实地、历史地、在现实的变革和发展中反映生活，自觉地把革命现实主义即社会主义现实主义作为最根本的创作原则与方法。

The great historical changes brought about by the founding of people's Republic of Chian and the conscious efforts made by people who are masters of thier country and try to create history have provided a solid foundation for the development of socialist literature. The writers in new China period insisted on reflecting life in a real, historical and realistic way, and consciously took revolutionary realism, that is, socialist realism, as the most fundamental creative principle and method.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:02, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.只缘感君一回顾，使我思君暮与朝。——《古相思曲》

A single glimpse of you haunts me day and night.---''Ancient Lovesick Songs''

2.四奶奶站在三爷背后，笑了一声道：“自己骨肉，照说不该提钱的话。提起钱来，这话可就长了！”——张爱玲《倾城之恋》

The fourth concubine,standing behind the third master,chuckled and said :"Normally,it is undue to mention money between parents and kids,If bothered,there will be countless expenditures！" ---Zhang Ailing ''Love in a Fallen City''

3.县城真热闹：官盐店，税务局，肉铺里挂着成边的猪，一个驴子在磨芝麻，满街都是小磨香油的香味，布店，卖茉莉粉、梳头油的什么斋，卖绒花的，卖丝线的，打把式卖膏药的，吹糖人的，耍蛇的，……他什么都想看看。——贾平凹《受戒》

The county seat is so bustling that there stand various of buildings,such as official-operating salt shop,tax bureau and the butchers' with half piece of pork.A donkey is grinding sesame,the fragrance of the oil suffuing the whole street.He wants to wander over all the attractions:cloth shops,thr unknown shop selling jasmine powder and comb oil,shop selling velvet flowers and threads as well as some acrobatic shows for advertising,sugar figure making as well as snake charmers' performance.---Jia Pingao ''Ordained''--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 11:09, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==

1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。类似中国古代文学史。狭义指中国古典文学作品。
Chinese classical literature broadly refers to Chinese literature from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, the origin and development of the literary style and literary movements, genres, literary theories, textual research and researching on writers' works, etc. It is similar to the history of ancient Chinese literature. Narrowly, it refers to works of Chinese classical literature.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1.明清是中国小说史上的繁荣时期。这个时代的小说从思想内涵和题材表现上来说，最大限度地包容了传统文化的精华，而且经过世俗化的图解后，传统文化竟以可感的形象和动人的故事而走进了千家万户。

Chinese novel had its heyday during the Ming and Qing dynasties when the thoughts and themes of novels tended to embody the essence of traditional culture. After popularized, Chinese traditional culture was disseminated through the vivid characters and moving stories in the novels.

2.鸦片战争过后所带来的的民族危机极大地震动了当时的思想界，人们纷纷寻求救国真理。中国近代文学题材的扩大，新人物、新意境、新思想、新名词的出现，新的艺术手法的吸取，都无不与西方文化的撞击有关。

The Opium War and the consequent national crisis posed a great shock in the intellectual field, and Chinese people sought for the truth of how to save the country from foreign invaders. In Chinese modern literature, the expansion of themes, arising of new characters, new artistic conception, new ideas and new terms, and absorption of new artistic technique are associated with the impact of western culture.

3.中国当代文学是“为人民服务，为社会主义服务”的文学，70多年来，在社会主义革命和建设的各个历史时期，中国当代文学致力于反映人民群众从事社会主义革命和建设的历史活动，歌颂他们以主人翁精神为社会主义事业所作出的创造性的劳动。

Chinese contemporary literature was aimed at ”serving the Chinese people as well as the socialism ”. For more than 70 years, in every period of socialist reform and construction Chinese contemporary literature has been committed to reflecting the historical activities of the masses and singing the praises of their creative labour and spirit of ownership in the cause of socialism.

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.《水浒传》通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，艺术地反映了中国历史上宋江起义从发生、发展直至失败的全过程，深刻揭示了起义的社会根源，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想，也具体揭示了起义失败的内在历史原因。

"Water Margin" articulates the grand story of Liangshan heroes resisting oppression, waterbo Liangshan growing and being recruited by the Song Dynasty, as well as fighting for the Song Dynasty after being recruited, and finally dying out. It artistically reflects the Songjiang Uprising in Chinese history from its occurrence, development to failure. The whole process deeply revealed the social roots of the uprising, enthusiastically praised the resistance struggle of the uprising heroes and their social ideals, and also specifically revealed the inherent historical reasons for the failure of the uprising.

2.《平凡的世界》是中国作家路遥创作的一部全景式地表现中国当代城乡社会生活的百万字长篇小说。全书共三部。1986年12月首次出版。该书以中国70年代中期到80年代中期十年间为背景，通过复杂的矛盾纠葛，以孙少安和孙少平两兄弟为中心，刻画了当时社会各阶层众多普通人的形象。

"The Ordinary World" is a million-character novel created by Chinese writer Lu Yao, which is a panoramic view of contemporary urban and rural social life in China. There are three parts in the book. First published in December 1986.
The book takes China’s mid-70s to mid-1980s as a background, through complex contradictions and entanglements, centering on the two brothers Sun Shaoan and Sun Shaoping, it portrays the images of many ordinary people from all walks of life at that time.

3.《三体》是刘慈欣创作的系列长篇科幻小说，由《三体》、《三体Ⅱ·黑暗森林》、《三体Ⅲ·死神永生》组成，第一部于2006年5月起在《科幻世界》杂志上连载，第二部于2008年5月首次出版，第三部则于2010年11月出版。

"Three-Body" is a series of long science fiction novels created by Liu Cixin, composed of "Three-Body", "Three-Body Ⅱ·Dark Forest", "Three-Body Ⅲ·Eternal Life of Death". It was serialized in World magazine, the second part was first published in May 2008, and the third part was published in November 2010.

4.李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，又号“谪仙人”，唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”，与杜甫并称为“李杜”，为了与另两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。

Li Bai (701-762), whose name was Taibai, was named Qinglianjushi, also known as "the banished immortal". A great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "the fairy of poetry" by later generations and was called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "little Li and Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively called "big Li and Du".--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 06:12, 14 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 06:12, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-水Mar传，西游记，三国浪漫史和红楼梦；这四本小说构成了中国古典文学的核心，并仍在传播着现代文化。

Water Margin, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of the Red Chamber; these four novels form the core of Chinese classical literature and still inform modern culture.

2-《中国现代文学》记录了至少3000年前的不间断历史，其历史至少可以追溯到公元前14世纪。中国现代文学以丰富的文化为基础，蓬勃发展。

Chinese Modern Literature is a record of an uninterrupted history of more than 3,000 years, dating back at least to the 14th century BC. Based on luxuriant culture, Chinese Modern literature developed flourishingly.

3-现代文学与当代文学之间的主要区别在于时代。现代文学指的是十九世纪末至十六世纪六十年代的文学，而当代文学指的是第二次世界大战至今的文学。

The key difference between modern and contemporary literature is their time period. Modern literature refers to the literature dating from late nineteenth century to nineteen sixties while the contemporary literature refers to the literature dating from the Second World War to the present.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.司马迁是汉代（206BC-220AD）的一位著名作家和历史学家。他撰写了一部出色的历史著作《历史学家的记录》，描绘了皇帝，国王，将军，国务卿和农民的著作。

Sima Qian is a well known writer and historian in the Han dynasty (206BC- 220AD).He wrote an outstanding historical work "Records of the historian" with depictions of emperor's, kings, generals, ministers of states and peasant work.

2.龚自珍，黄遵宪和刘亚子是现代先进诗歌的三位代表作。

Three representative writers of modern progressive poetry are Gong Zizhen, Huang Zunxian and liu Yazi.

3.新时期的文学作品反映了变化中的社会生活的各个方面。以鲁新华为代表的“伤口”揭露了暴政下人们的迫害。

literature of the new period reflects various aspects of life of the changing society. "The wound" by lu xinhua as its representative exposes the persecution of people under the tyranny.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 12:06, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1. 中国古典文学名著有诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧以及词、赋、曲、民间神话传说故事等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

The literary forms of Chinese classical literature contains poetry, prose, novel, play, Ci(a kind of literature form that is actually lyrics to music), ode, song, folk myth and legend, each of which is expressed in various artistic methods, contributing to the colorful and magnificent view of Chinese classical literature.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.《二十年目睹之怪现状》以主人公“九死一生”的经历为干线，从他奔父丧开始，至其经商失败终止，通过这个人物20年间的遭遇和见闻，广泛地揭露了从光绪十年（1884）中法战争前后至光绪三十一年（1905）左右的清末社会的黑暗现实。

The novel, Bizarre Happenings Eyewitnessed Over Two Decades, takes the protagonist’s near-death experience as main line, which starts from his father’s death and ends up with his failure in business. Through what he had seen, heard and suffered in twenty years, this book uncovers the dark reality of The Qing dynasty in the period from about the tenth to the thirty-first year of Guangxu’s Reign(1884-1905).--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 伤痕文学是20世纪70年代末到80年代初在中国大陆文坛占据主导地位的一种文学现象。它得名于卢新华以“文革”中知青生活为题材的短篇小说《伤痕》。

As a literary form dominate in the late 1970s to early 1980s in China, Scar literature is named after Lu Xinhua’s short novel Scar, which portraits the life of intellectual youth during the Cultural Revolution.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 15:29, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. Classical literature began during the transitional period of Chinese history from slavery society to feudal society.

古典文学始于中国历史从奴隶制社会到封建社会的过渡时期。

2. Many writers, especially older writers, still cling to realism.

许多作家，尤其是年长的作家，仍然坚持现实主义。

3. China was gradually changed into a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society, and Chinese people rose heroically against foreign aggressions.

中国逐渐转变为半封建半殖民地社会，中国人民英勇起来反对外国侵略。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1 The pastoral discourse was enriched with country fishing folklore, songs and poems, recipes and anecdotes, moral meditations, and quotes from classic literature.
2 Citation in contemporary literature undoubtedly reinforced and disseminated theories of film and its characteristics
3 Modern literature is very famous and many people are interested in this field in China.
1田园话语丰富了乡村捕鱼的民间传说，歌曲和诗歌，食谱和轶事，道德冥想以及古典文学的名言。
2当代文学中的引证无疑是对电影理论及其特征的强化和传播
3现代文学非常有名，中国有很多人对此领域感兴趣。--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 14:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1.《诗经》就整体而言，是周王朝由盛而衰五百年间中国社会生活面貌的形象反映，其中有先祖创业的颂歌，祭祀神鬼的乐章；也有贵族之间的宴饮交往，劳逸不均的怨愤；更有反映劳动、打猎、以及大量恋爱、婚姻、社会习俗方面的动人篇章。

On the whole, The Book of Songs is a reflection of the social life of China during the five hundred years from the prosperity to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty. There are the ode of laboring ancesters and music of sacrificing spirits. Also, the feasting and drinking among the nobles and the resentment of the unequal distribution are included. Futhermore, some moving chapters on labor, hunting, and a great deal of love, marriage, and social customs are all covered.

2.我走过许多地方的路，行过许多地方的桥，看过许多次数的云，喝过许多种类的酒，却只爱过一个正当最好年龄的人。—沈从文

I have travelled a lot, went across bridges in many places, appreciated clouds many times and have drunk various wines. Whereas, I merely loved a girl of best age.——By Shen Congwen

3.这辈子我就喜欢上这么一个人，我要用尽我的万种风情，让他在将来不和我在一起的任何时候内心都无法安宁。 ——冯唐

I have simply loved him for the whole life, I'll unleash my glamour to the full to leave him reatless mind at the time when we part. —— By Feng Tang

4.《相思》

王维

红豆生南国，春来发几枝。

劝君多采撷，此物最相思。

Love Tokens

By Wangwei

The red bean grows in southern lands.

With spring it sprouts and twines.

May you gather for me more.

As a symbol of our love.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 04:43, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==
不管怎样，有一点是可以肯定的，即永恒的、神圣的、不变的经典是不存在的。即使我们按照文学史或文学的标准确立了一些当代文学经典，但经典作为一个历史化的过程，仍然需要不断被遴选、沉淀与检验。从这个意义上说，经典化的过程无异于一个重写文学史的过程。
Anyway, it is certain that there is no eternal, scared, and unchanged classics. Though we established some classic literature according to standard of literary history and literature, classics, which needs to be tested by history, remains to be selected and.... From this perspective, the process of canonization is no different from a rewriting of literary history.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

中国现代文学的发展﹐是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化﹑继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。中国是一个有著悠久的文化传统的文明古国﹐近代中国又受到西方文化的巨大冲击﹔中国现代文学产生于这一文化背景下﹐如何正确对待中国传统文化与西方外来文化﹐直接关系著现代文学的发展。
The development of China’s Modern Literature is a process that nationalizes itself through assimilating the nutrition of foreign literature, and that modernizes itself through inheriting ethnic traditions. As a country that has a long history and cultural traditions, China has greatly impacted by western culture. Under such a cultural background, how to treat China’s traditional literature and western culture correctly, relates to the development of modern literature.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。在批判现实主义基础上开创了一整套独立特行的现代美学与完整的思想价值体系，为中国当代坚持探究思想之源的文学巨匠的群体，同时也是具有非凡忍耐力和巨大牺牲精神的真正的作家群体。
The independent thoughts of Chinese civilian writers, especially the free writers usually show the glamour of their thoughts through horrifying reality in their works. On the basis of critical realism, they have created a set of unique modern aesthetics and a complete ideological system. They are not only a group of literary masters who insist on exploring the source of thoughts in contemporary China, but also a real group of writers with extraordinary endurance and great sacrifice spirit.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

李白留给后世人九百多首诗篇。这些熠熠生辉的诗作，表现了他一生的心路历程，是盛唐社会现实和精神生活面貌的艺术写照。李白一生都怀有远大的抱负，他毫不掩饰地表达对功名事业的向往。
Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. The glamorous poems reveal his life experience, the social reality and spiritual life of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai harboured a great ambition throughout his life and he made no attempt to disguise his yearning for successes.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 00:49, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of "a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought" has promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of splendid culture, especially the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Law, which laid the foundation of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学发端于五四运动时期，但以鸦片战争后的近代文学为其先导。现代文学是新民主主义革命时期现实土壤上的新的产物，同时又是旧民主主义革命时期文学的一个发展。广义上的中国现代文学史是指1917年到1997年。

Modern Chinese literature originated during the May Fourth Movement, but was guided by modern literature after the Opium War. Modern literature is a new product on the soil of the new democratic revolution, and at the same time a development of literature in the old democratic revolution. The history of modern Chinese literature in a broad sense refers to the period from 1917 to 1997.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.如果我们把百余年来中国文学的演进历程视为一个不断走向开放的矛盾、艰难、曲折，坎坷的现代化进程的话，那么，毫无疑问，这一进程发轫于近代。

If we regard the evolution of Chinese literature over the past 100 years as a contradictory, difficult, tortuous, and bumpy modernization process that continues to open, then there is no doubt that this process began in modern times.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:01, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

If we regard the evolution of Chinese literature in the past hundred years as a contradictory, difficult, tortuous and bumpy modernization process, then there is no doubt that this process originated in modern times.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:22, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==
1.《红楼梦》写于十八世纪中叶，是清朝统治时期乾隆皇帝时代杰出的文言小说，在过去的二百多年，一直广受欢迎。这本120回的小说，前80回由曹雪芹执笔、后40回由高鹗续写完成。表面上它主要是写宝玉和黛玉之间的爱情，但实际上，通过这个故事以及书中的其他情节，作者深刻地揭露了封建制度地邪恶和封建统治阶级的罪行。

A Dream of Red Mansions, the great classical Chinese novel written in the mid-eighteenth century during the reign of Emperor Chien-lung of the Qing Dynasty, had been widely popular throughout the last two hundred years and more. In this 120-chapter novel, the first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin and the left 40 by Gao E. On the surface this novel deals largely with the love between Pao-yu and Tai-yu; but actually, through this story as well as other episodes in the book, the author penetratingly exposes the evils of feudal system and the crimes of the feudal ruling class.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.在中国诗歌史上有一个“盛唐”时代，集中在唐玄宗统治时期(公元712年-756年)。这个时代恰逢文化繁荣，文学英才辈出，具有独特的辉煌和伟大的光环。杰出诗人李白、杜甫和王维的作品，其魅力是历代读者无人不晓的。“盛唐”可谓中国诗歌的黄金时代。后世诗人哀叹徒仰他们的光芒而黯然失色。

In the Chinese history of poetry there is an era of “High Tang” which centered in the reign of Tang Xuan-zhong(712 A.D.- 756 A.D.). Possessed a unique aura of splendor and greatness, this era was a moment when cultural efflorescence and literary genius happily coincided. The works of the great poets, Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei, shed a light that no reader could ignore. “High Tang” was the golden age of Chinese poetry. Later poets lamented their own dimness in face of its luminosity.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。这种情况决定了现代文学在尖锐激烈的斗争中取得自身的辩证发展。在现代文学的历史发轫期﹐新文学即是通过文学革命与思想革命﹐在对封建传统文学的猛烈批判中﹐为自己开辟道路的。

Modern Chinese literature, which is developing forward in the active ideological struggle, is facing a turbulent era of great change. In such a historical era, modern Chinese literature presents a complex appearance of literary works and literary trends of different classes and tendencies, which are in conflict with each other and influence and absorb each other. This kind of situation has decided the modern literature obtains the own dialectical development in the sharp intense struggle. At the beginning of the history of modern literature, new literature opened the way for itself through the literary and Ideological Revolution in the criticism of the feudal traditional literature.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4.中国平民文学直面现实，深层揭示社会矛盾，以文学的方式推动社会的发展与进步，所起的作用是“体制内”官方作家无法做到的。中国“体制内”作家比较真实的描写现实一般止于文革，难以前行。所以要重新，真正燃起中国文学思想的火焰，必须在中国平民文学、“地下文学”中深度挖掘，这是中国文化公认的危机与普遍的悲哀。

Chinese civilian literature faces the reality, reveals the social contradictions and promotes the development and progress of the society in the way of Literature, which can not be achieved by the official writers in the system. Chinese “inside the system” writers describe the real reality of the Cultural Revolution in general, difficult to move forward. Therefore, to rekindle the flame of Chinese literary thought, we must dig deeply in Chinese civilian literature and “underground literature” , which is the acknowledged crisis and universal sadness of Chinese culture.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 01:04, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==

1.桃之夭夭，灼灼其华。之子于归，宜其室家。

Oh, bright-red blossoms are piled on green and luxuriant peach trees. The lady, when married, will bring harmony and happiness to her family.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月，下面是海边的沙地，都种着一望无际的碧绿的西瓜。其间有一个十一二岁的少年，项带银圈，手捏一柄钢叉，向一匹猹尽力地刺去。那猹却将身一扭，反从他的胯下逃走了。

The deep blue sky hung a round golden moon, and below was the sand by the sea, all planted with a vast area of turquoise watermelons. A boy of eleven or twelve, with a silver collar and a steel fork in his hand, stabbed at a badger-like wild animal as hard as he could. But the creature and fled from his crotch with a wriggle.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.爱情应该真正建立在现实生活坚实的基础上，否则，它就是在活生生的生活之树上盛开的一朵不结果实的花

Love should really be built on real life, otherwise it is just an unfruitful flower blooming on the tree of life.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 12:31, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.古代文学一般包括欧洲古代文学和中国古代文学。欧洲古代文学又包括古希腊文学和罗马文学，中国古代文学按时间分类，包括先秦两汉文学，魏晋南北朝文学，唐宋文学，元明清文学。Ancient literature generally consist of ancient European literature and ancient Chinese literature: the former including ancient Greek literature and Roman literature; the latter is classified in terms of time, including pre Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties literature, Tang and song literature, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties literature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
2.近代文学区别于传统封建文学有以下的特点：文学的政治性、战斗性，随着近代社会的发展，愈来愈加强和显著了。进步作家和作品，继承了中国文学的优良传统，为反对帝国主义和封建专制主义的内外压迫，争取民族独立和自由平等而斗争。爱国主义和民族主义是这个时期文学突出的思想内容。Modern literature is different from the traditional feudal literature in the following characteristics: the political and fighting natures of literature have been more intensive and prominent with the development of modern society. Progressive writers and works inherited the fine tradition of Chinese literature and fought for national independence, freedom and equality against the internal and external oppression of imperialism and feudal autocracy. Patriotism and nationalism are the prominent ideology of literature in this period.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
3.在评价“中国当代文学”的时候，我们一方面要克服沾沾自喜的自诩和自大，另一方面，要具有放眼世界、虚心向善的态度，具体地说，就是不要妄想确立一套“特殊”的“价值准则”，因为，任何时候，文学批评和文学研究都需要一些“普遍”的“价值准则”，都需要依据世界性的经典尺度和人类性的理想标准。When evaluating "contemporary Chinese Literature", on the one hand, we should overcome the complacency and arrogance, on the other hand, we should embrace a broad-minded and open-minded attitude towards the outside world. To be specific, we should not hope to establish a set of "special" value criteria in vain. Because in any time, literary criticism and literary research need some "universal" value criteria, which all need to be based on the world's classical scale and the ideal standard of human nature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)
4.中国是诗的国度，唐朝是中国诗歌的巅峰，巅峰时期的那个黄金时代令人神往。诗歌是当时文学的最高代表，成为中国传统文学坚实的重要组成部分，也是中华文明靓丽的风景线。China is the country of poetry,while the Tang Dynasty is the peak of Chinese poetry whose golden age is fascinating and attractive. Poetry is the highest representative of literature at that time, which has become an integral part to Chinese traditional literature and a vibrant landscape of Chinese civilization.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 04:54, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
1. 中国古典文学广义的指自先秦至清代末年的中国文学，包括作家、作品、文学事件，文体起源与发展历程，文学运动、流派，文学理论，作家作品的考据、研究等等。
Chinese classical literature refers to Chinese literature from the pre Qin Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, including writers, works, literary events, the origin and development of literary styles, literary movements, schools, literary theories, textual research of writers and works, etc. --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2. 中国现代文学是中国文学自身发展演变的结果。古典文学已近尾声。历史进入二十世纪以来，人们的生活发生了很大变化，人们的思维方式，思想情感，心理结构也发生了很大变化，中国固有的古典文学模式已再也不能满足人们思想情感表达的需要。
Modern Chinese literature is the child of the development and evolution of Chinese literature itself, and classical literature has come to an end. Since the 20th century, great changes have taken place in people's life. Besides, people's way of thinking, thoughts and feelings, and psychological structure have also changed a lot. The traditional Chinese classical literature can no longer meet the needs of people's ideological and emotional expression.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3. 中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学，它限定在“中国大陆”这一范围之中。
Chinese Contemporary literature is China's literature since 1949, and secondly, it refers to the literature that occurs in a specific historical context of socialism, which is limited to the "mainland China".--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

4. 诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行二首》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。
Li Bai, a poet, has written many works reflecting women's life, among which "the two poems on a long journey" are outstanding. It narrates her love life with the self-reported tone of a merchant woman living in Changgan, and expresses her ardent yearning for her husband from afar. It creates an image of a young woman with rich and deep feelings and has a moving artistic force.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:26, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1.《离骚》艺术上有着极高成就。首先，整部作品都具有强烈的浪漫主义色彩，在后半部分，这种色彩更为浓烈。
"Li Sao" has extremely high artistic achievements. First, the whole work has a strong romantic color, and in the second half, it becomes more intense.
"Li Sao" enjoys extremely high artistic achievements. First, it has a strong sense of romantic color, which becomes more intense in the second half part of the work.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:00, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.《茶馆》人物众多但性格鲜明，能够“闻其声知其人”，“三言两语就勾出一个人物形象的轮廓来”。
There are too many characters with distinct personalities in "Tea House", and people can distinguish everyone only by hearing their voices, and the outline of a character can be drawn in a few words.

3.《平凡的世界》是用温暖的现实主义的方式来讴歌普通劳动者的文学作品。
"The Ordinary World" is a literary work that eulogizes ordinary laborers in a warm and realistic way.

4.唐诗把我国古曲诗歌的音节和谐、文字精炼的艺术特色，推到前所未有的高度，为古代抒情诗找到一个最典型的形式，至今还特别为人民所喜闻乐见。
Tang poetry pushed the syllable harmony and refined artistic characteristics of Chinese ancient poetry to unprecedented heights, and helped find the most typical form of ancient lyric poetry, which is still popular among the people.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:04, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Tang poetry set a highest standard for the artistic features of harmonious syllables and refined words in ancient Chinese poetry, and helped find the most typical form of ancient lyric poetry, which is still popular among the people. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.四大古典名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。

Four Great Classical Novels are classics in the history of China’s literature，as well as a precious cultural heritage of the world. It is difficult to distinguish which one is better, as they all enjoy high-level of literature and artistic achievement. Delicate description and profound thoughts contained in these four books are praised by readers through the ages. Their stories, scene and characters deeply influence Chinese people’s ideology and value orientations.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的, 现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。

China’s modern literature is developing among positive ideological struggle. As modern China confronts a turbulent age of great reform, China’s modern literature of this times presents various literature works and literature trends of different classes with different tendency. They conflict with each other while influencing and absorbing each other.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

3.90年代的文学具有的"无名"特征：出现了无主潮，无定向，无共名的现象，几种文学走向同时并存，表达出多元的价值取向.其次是作家的叙事立场发生了变化，从共同社会理想转向个人叙事立场.

Literature of 1990s is of indefinable, without main trend, orientation and unified theme. In this period, some different kinds of literature existed together, which showed diverse values orientations. Besides, writers’ narrative position shift from the common social ideal to the personal narrative position.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白的诗歌不仅具有典型的浪漫主义精神，而且从形象塑造、素材摄取、到体裁选择和各种艺术手法的运用，无不具有典型的浪漫主义艺术特征。

Li Bai's (701－762) poems not only have typical romantic spirit, but also have typical characteristics of romanticism from those images and materials in his poems to genre selection and various artistic techniques.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:02, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

1.四大古典名著是中国文学史中的经典作品，是世界宝贵的文化遗产。此四部巨著在中国文学史上的地位是难分高低的，极高的文学水平和艺术成就，细致的刻画和所蕴含的深刻思想都为历代读者所称道，其中的故事、场景、人物已经深深地影响了中国人的思想观念、价值取向。

Four Great Classical Novels are classics in the history of China’s literature，as well as a precious cultural heritage of the world. It is difficult to distinguish which one is betterthan the other three, as they all enjoy high-level of literature and artistic achievement. Delicate description and profound thoughts contained in these four books are praised by readers through the ages. Their stories, scene and characters deeply influence Chinese people’s ideology and value orientations.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国现代文学是在积极的思想斗争中向前发展的, 现代中国面临一个动荡的大变革的时代﹐处于这样历史时代的中国现代文学﹐呈现出不同阶级﹑不同趋向的文学作品和文学思潮纷然杂陈﹐彼此冲突而又互相影响与吸收的复杂面貌。

China’s modern literature makes progress among positive ideological struggle. As modern China confronts a turbulent age of great reform, China’s modern literature of this time presents various literature works and literature trends of different classes with different tendency. They conflict with each other while influencing and absorbing each other.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.90年代的文学具有的"无名"特征：出现了无主潮，无定向，无共名的现象，几种文学走向同时并存，表达出多元的价值取向.其次是作家的叙事立场发生了变化，从共同社会理想转向个人叙事立场.

Literature of 1990s characterize indefinition, without main trend, orientation and unified theme. In this period, some different kinds of literature existed together, which showed diverse values orientations. Besides, writers’ narrative position shift from the common social ideal to the personal narrative position.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白的诗歌不仅具有典型的浪漫主义精神，而且从形象塑造、素材摄取、到体裁选择和各种艺术手法的运用，无不具有典型的浪漫主义艺术特征。

Li Bai's (701－762) poems boast not only typical romantic spirit, but also typical characteristics of romanticism from those images and materials in his poems to genre selection and various artistic techniques.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 05:01, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.四大名著是公认的中国文学中最好的小说。这四者都有一个共同点，它们是用白话文写的，不像大多数古代文学，后者一般用古文写。

1.Four long fictional novels are usually thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. What all four have in common is that they were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the literary Classical Language.

Four long fictional novels are commonly thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. What all four have in common is that they were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the literary Classical Language.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 07:41, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

2.1911年清朝被推翻，共和国成立后，许多青年知识分子将注意力转向文学传统的彻底改革，而改革便是从语言本身开始。

2.Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the Republic in 1911, many young intellectuals turned their attention to the overhauling of literary traditions, beginning with the language itself.

3.老舍善用北京方言，代表作有《骆驼祥子》、《茶馆》，它们反映了旧社会中国底层人们的绝望。

3.Lao She was skillful in utilizing the Peking dialect and Camel Xiangzi and the drama Tea House are his masterpieces which reflect the helplessness of the lower classes in the old China.

4.李白喜欢把自己当作王氏一族，但他们家族只是与王室同姓，并无瓜葛。

4.Li Bai liked to regard himself as belonging to the imperial family, but he actually belonged to a less exalted family of the same surname. --[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 04:12, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==
1.《诗经》是我国第一部诗歌总集。编成于春秋时期，大抵是西周初年至春秋中叶500年间的作品，共305篇，代表了2500多年以前诗歌创作的最高成就。

The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. Compiled during the Spring and Autumn Period, it is approximately a 500-year-old work from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. There are 305 poems in total, representing the highest achievement of poetry creation more than 2,500 years ago.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China. Compiled during the Spring and Autumn Period, it approximately costs 500 years from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. There are 305 poems in total, representing the highest achievement of poetry creation more than 2,500 years ago.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 02:20, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

2.评价一个相当长时段的文学现象，决不可以使用"一言以蔽之"的断语来论定，比如"最好时期"、"达到前所未有的高度"或"跌入低谷"等等。

To evaluate a literary phenomenon over a long period of time, one should never use "a single word" assertion, such as "best time", "reaching an unprecedented height" or "falling into a trough".--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后,文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year imprisonment of ideology and culture.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

In the middle and late 1970s, after getting rid of the 10-year confinement of thought and culture, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 10:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4.李白生活在盛唐时期，他性格豪迈，热爱祖国山河，游踪遍及南北各地，写出大量赞美名山大川的壮丽诗篇。

Li Bai lived in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. He has a heroic personality and loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland. He traveled all over the north and south, and wrote a large number of magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 11:35, 12 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时期，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

During the Spring and Autumn periods and Warring States periods, a period of rapid social change, the pre-Qin prose occupied an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought contending with each other promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of glorious culture. Among them , the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, Legalism and so on laid the foundation of traditional Chinese culture.

During Spring and Autumn and Warring States, a period of rapid social change, the pre-Qin prose occupied an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought contending with each other promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of glorious culture. Among them , the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, Legalism and so on laid the foundation of traditional Chinese culture.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.文学的政治性、战斗性，随着近代社会的发展，愈来愈加强和显著了。进步作家和作品，继承了中国文学的优良传统，为反对帝国主义和封建专制主义的内外压迫，争取民族独立和自由平等而斗争。爱国主义和民族主义是这个时期文学突出的思想内容。

With the development of modern society，the literature of this period was getting more and more political. Progressive writers and works, inheriting the fine traditions of Chinese literature, struggled against the external oppression of imperialism and internal feudal despotism and fought for national independence and freedom and equality. Patriotism and nationalism were prominent ideological elements in the literature of this period.

With the development of modern society，the literature of this period was getting more and more political and aggressive. Progressive writers and works, inheriting the fine traditions of Chinese literature, struggled against the external oppression of imperialism and internal feudal despotism and fought for national independence and freedom and equality. Patriotism and nationalism were prominent ideological elements in the literature of this period.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.特别值得关注的是，从本世纪初开始，又出现了中国自由作家，中国自由文学等概念，将中国当代文学提升到一个新的，史无前例的高度。

Particularly noteworthy is the fact that from the beginning of this century, concepts such as Chinese free writers and Chinese free literature have emerged again, elevating contemporary Chinese literature to a new, unprecedented level.

Particularly noteworthy is the fact that from the beginning of this century, concepts such as Chinese free writers and Chinese free literature have emerged again, elevating contemporary Chinese literature to a newly unprecedented level.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

4.李白生活在盛唐时期，他性格豪迈，热爱祖国山河，游踪遍及南北各地，写出大量赞美名山大川的壮丽诗篇。

Li Bai, who lived in the prime of the Tang Dynasty, was bold and generous and loved for the mountains and rivers of his homeland. He traveled extensively and wrote a large number of magnificent poems in praise of famous mountains and great rivers.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 02:18, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Li Bai, who lived in the prime of the Tang Dynasty, was bold and generous and loved the mountains and rivers of his homeland. He traveled extensively and wrote a large number of magnificent poems in praise of famous mountains and great rivers.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 11:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.《红楼梦》展现了真正的人性美和悲剧美，是一部从各个角度展现女性美以及中国古代社会世态百相的史诗性著作。

''A Dream of Red Mansions'' shows the real beauty of human nature and tragedy. It is a historical and poetic work that shows the beauty of women and the state of the ancient Chinese society from every aspect.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

''A Dream of Red Mansions'' shows the real beauty of human nature and tragedy. It is an epic work showing the beauty of women and the social landscape in ancient China from various perspectives.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:27, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新。

Modern Chinese literature not only expresses modern scientific and democratic thoughts with modern language, but also refeshes traditional literature in both art form and expression techniques.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.以莫言的作品为代表，字里行间充满着怀乡与怨乡复杂情感，被归类为“寻根文学”。

Represented by Mo Yan's works, which are full of complex feelings combined with nostalgia and resentment, they are classified as "Root-seeking Literature".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

Represented by Mo Yan's works, which are characterized by the feelings like nostalgia and resentment, these books are deemed as "Root-seeking Literature".--[[User:Guo Lu|Guo Lu]] ([[User talk:Guo Lu|talk]]) 16:32, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

4.《长歌行》表达了作者期望尽早建功立业、功垂千古、名留史册的强烈用世之心。

"Changgexing" expresses the author's strong desire to make achievements as soon as possible, to be immortal, and to leave his mark on history.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 10:23, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.《水浒传》主要描写的是北宋末年，以宋江为首的一百零八条好汉在梁山聚义、受宋朝招安、以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事。

The story of Water Margin, set in the late Song dynasty, tells of how a group of 108 outlaws led by Song Jiang gathers at Mount Liang to form a sizable army before they are eventually granted amnesty by the government and sent on campaigns to resist foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces, and disbanded in the end. --[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

During the 60 years after the May 4th literature revolution, modern literature, in step with the development of Chinese revolution and social nature, went through two historical stages which take the founding of the People's Republic of China in October,1949 as the turning point, including the new democratic revolution period and the socialist period.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后,文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

Since the late 1970s, Chinese literature has entered a new stage in modernization and nationalization after getting rid of the ten-year confines in ideology and culture.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

In the middle and late 1970s,, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year confinement of thought and culture.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 07:42, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，是唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。据《新唐书》记载，李白为兴圣皇帝（凉武昭王李暠）九世孙，与李唐诸王同宗。其人爽朗大方，爱饮酒作诗，喜交友。

LI Bai (701-762), Venus by courtesy name and Green Lotus Householder by literary name, an excellent romantic poet in the Tang dynasty, has been praised as God of Poetry. According to ''New Book of Tang'', Li descended from Emperor Xingsheng and had the same ancestry with the royal family in the Tang dynasty. He was hearty, generous, and keen on drinking, composing poems and making friends. --[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 07:07, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 宋词在题材走向、风格倾向上形成了独特的传统，从而以委婉含蓄的美学特征在中国古代诗歌史上独树一帜。

Song lyrics have formed a unique tradition in terms of their subject matter and stylistic tendencies, thus distinguishing themselves in the history of ancient Chinese poetry with their euphemistic and subtle aesthetic characteristics.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国近代文学以新民为目的，以启蒙为手段。其弊端是笔无藏锋，其主流是以树人为根本目的，以救国为直接目的。

Modern Chinese literature is aimed for refreshing the people's mind by enlightening them. Its disadvantage is their over-bold writing style, and the main part of them is based on the fundamental purpose of shaping people and the direct purpose of saving the country.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 古典文学已近尾声。历史进入二十世纪以来，人们的生活发生了很大变化，人们的思维方式，思想情感，心理结构也发生了很大变化，中国固有的古典文学模式已再也不能满足人们思想情感表达的需要。

Classical literature is nearing its end. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, people's lives have undergone great changes, and their ways of thinking, thoughts and emotions, as well as their psychological structure, have also undergone great changes, so that the inherent mode of Chinese classical literature can no longer meet the needs of people's thoughts and emotions.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 02:31, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==

1. 春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百花齐放、百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣，也迎来了文化光辉灿烂的时代，尤其是儒、墨、道、法几家学说，奠定了中国传统文化的基础。

During Spring and Autumn Warring States period, great changes had taken place in its society. At this time, pre-Qin prose held its place in Chinese classic literature. The literature atmosphere of “a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thoughts contend” promoted its prosperity, thus entering a splendid time. Thanks to Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism, the foundation of Chinese traditional literature then was made.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.The cultural atmosphere of a hundred flowers blossoming and a hundred schools of thought has promoted the prosperity of literature and ushered in an era of splendid culture, especially the doctrines of Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Law, which laid the foundation of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

After May Fourth Movement, modern literature, along the changing pace of Chinese revolution and society, has experienced New Democratic Revolution Period and Socialist Period, with the establishment of PRC in October, 1949 as a turn.

In the more than 60 years of development after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature has undergone the period of the new democratic revolution and the period of socialism with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and the nature of society, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as a turning point.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 自二十世纪末期开始，具有独立思想的中国自由文学的出现，使得中国当代文学大踏步进入世界先进文化行列，成为引领世界文学的先锋，并使中国当代文学达到历史的顶峰。

Since late 20th century, Chinese free literature, with independent thought came into being, making Chinese contemporary literature become one of the world advanced literature.

Since the end of the twentieth century, the emergence of Chinese free literature with independent ideas has made contemporary Chinese literature stride into the ranks of world advanced culture, becoming a pioneer in leading world literature, which enables contemporary Chinese literature to reach the peak of history.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 02:12, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。它塑造了一个具有丰富深挚的情感的少妇形象，具有动人的艺术力量。

The poet stood at the point of a businessman’ s wife told her love story, expressing her miss to her husband far away. He shaped a young married woman with abundant emotions, which enables the poem to be artistic. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:54, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.特别是建安文学，文风清峻，慷慨悲凉，深沉强劲，气盛词丰，是反映社会现实并抒写人生感慨的灿烂历史篇章。
Especially Jian'an literature, its style is sober, generous and sad, deep and strong, and full of vigor, it is a brilliant historical chapter that reflects social reality and expresses the emotions of life.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Jian'an literature, in particular,is sober, generous and sad, deep and strong, and full of vigor and it is a brilliant historical chapter reflecting the social reality and expressing the feelings of life.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:10, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.新月派是现代新诗史上一个重要的诗歌流派，受泰戈尔《新月集》影响.该诗派大体上以1927年为界分为前后两个时期。
The Crescent School is an important poetry genre in the history of modern new poetry, influenced by Tagore's "The Crescent Moon". The poetry school is roughly divided into two periods based on 1927.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

The Crescent School is an important poetry school in the history of modern new poetry. Influenced by Tagore's ''The Crescent Moon'', this school can be roughly divided into two periods according to 1927.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:10, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.伤痕文学是新时期出现的第一个全新的文学思潮。社会主义新时期是以彻底否定文化大革命为历史起点的。这种对灵魂的摧残尤其容易造成惨痛的心灵创伤。但这只有在挣脱了精神枷锁、真正思想解放之后，人们才能意识到这“伤痕”有多重、多深。这是伤痕文学喷发的历史根源。
Wound literature is the first new literary trend in the new era. The new socialist period started with the complete denial of the Great Cultural Revolution. This damage to the soul is especially likely to cause painful trauma. But it is only after breaking off the mental shackles and truly emancipating the mind that people can realize how much and how deep this "wound" is. This is the historical root of the eruption of wound literature.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 11:52, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
1.所谓“比兴”在《诗经》中即指比兴合用和通篇用比，其效果是给读者留下了审美的广阔空间，使人产生丰富的联想，从而使诗歌具有了含蓄凝练的韵味，具备象征的意义。
In The Book of Songs, " Bi Xing " refers to the combination of Bi Xing and the whole article, the effect of which is to leave readers a wide space for aesthetic appreciation, so that people have a rich association, so that poetry has an implicit and concise flavor, with symbolic significance.

2.中国现代文学是在五四运动时期新的历史条件下产生的，它体现出全新的现代社会、现代人生的精神风貌和崭新的文学表述方式，体现出现代新文学、新文化与传统旧文学、久文化的根本冲突和根本转折。
Chinese modern literature came into being under the new historical conditions of the May 4th Movement, which embodies the new modern society, the spirit and style of modern life and the new style of literary expression.

3.在中国的现代化进程中，政治主题的目标是建构现代民族国家，中国文学因为始终参与着这一过程，而从未离开过政治主题，这使投身其中的知识分子也主动地迎合主流意识形态的要求，主动地为宣传政策服务。
In the course of China's modernization, the goal of political theme is to build a modern nation-state . Chinese literature has always participated in this process and never left the political theme, which makes the intellectuals involved actively meet the demands of the mainstream ideology and actively serve the propaganda policy.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 06:14, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

In the course of China's modernization, the political goal is to build a modern nation-state . Chinese literature has always been in this process and never left the political theme, which makes the intellectuals involved actively meet the demands of the mainstream ideology and actively serve the propaganda policy.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 13:06, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==
1、中国古典文学的作品形式主要有诗、词、曲、赋、散文、小说等，大量篇章脍炙人口。中国古典文学是中华民族最宝贵的文化遗产之一。

The works of Chinese classical literature mainly include Poems, Ci, Song, Fu, Prose, Novels etc. and a large number of chapters have won universal praise. Chinese classical literature is one of the most precious cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical literature mainly takes the form of poetry, lyrics, songs, fu, essays, novels and so on, and a large number of chapters are popular. Classical Chinese literature is one of the most valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2、晚清时期是现代文学的起步，知识分子开始寻求解决中国问题的新方法。他们开始翻译西方文学作品以打开视野，融入新的文化思潮。

The late Qing Dynasty was the beginning of Chinese modern literature, and intellectuals began to seek new solutions to Chinese problems. They began to translate Western literary works to open their horizons and integrate into new cultural trends.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The late Qing dynasty marked the beginning of modern literature, and intellectuals began to seek new solutions for China's problems. They began to translate Western literature in order to open their horizons to new cultural trends.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3、中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.1947年7月召开的第一次全国文代会标志着中国新文学以此为起点，进入了当代文学的阶段。

Chinese contemporary literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism. The first National Congress of Literature and Art held in July 1949 marked the beginning of Chinese New Literature and entered the stage of contemporary literature.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 08:26, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Contemporary Chinese literature refers, firstly, to Chinese literature since 1949; and secondly, to literature that takes place in a specific socialist historical context. The First National Literary Congress held in July 1947 marked the starting point from which China's new literature entered the stage of contemporary literature.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 15:16, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 唐诗的形式和风格是丰富多彩、推陈出新的。它不仅继承了汉魏民歌、乐府传统，并且大大发展了歌行体的样式。

The form and style of Tang poetry are rich and colorful, and innovative. It not only inherited the traditions of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the style of Gexing.

2.中国现代文学是以革命现实主义为主体并包有多种创作方法﹑流派的文学 “五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的另一个历史性变革﹐是大大加强了文学与现实生活的密切联系。

Modern Chinese literature is based on revolutionary realism as the main body and includes a variety of creative methods and genres. The "May 4th" literary revolution caused another historical change in the history of Chinese literature, which greatly strengthened the close connection between literature and real life.

3.元曲的兴起对于我国民族诗歌的发展、文化的繁荣有着深远的影响和卓越的贡献，元曲一出现就同其他艺术之花一样，立即显示出旺盛的生命力。

The rise of Yuanqu has a profound influence and outstanding contribution to the development of national poetry and cultural prosperity in our country. As soon as Yuanqu appears, like other artistic flowers, it immediately shows its vigorous vitality.

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1，李白的诗充满了个人色彩，无拘无束，自由豪放，天马行空，但是，语言却平白朴素

His poems are characterized by subjectivity,freedom, liberty, imagination combined with simple language.

Libai's poems are characterized by his personal consciousness of being free, bold and unconstrained, imaginative while using simple and plain words.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2, 《三国演义》是中国古代长篇章回体小说的开山之作，描写的是从东汉末年到西晋初年之间一百多年的历史风云

''The Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' is the first chapter novel in ancient China. It describes the historical events of over 100years from the end of the East Han Dynasty to the beginning of the West Jin Dynasty.

''The Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' is the first long chapter novel in ancient China. It describes the historical events of over 100 years from the end of the East Han Dynasty to the beginning of the West Jin Dynasty.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3，孙悟空的形象最为鲜明突出，他勇敢机智之余，又喜欢与师弟斗气，充满人性

There is the vivid image of Monkey King, fearless and intelligent, but human enough to keep wrangling with his junior fellow disciples.
--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 03:33, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Monkey King has the most vivid and prominent image who is fearless and intelligent and likes to keep wrangling with his junior fellow disciples, being full of humanity.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 13:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.古典文学泛指各民族的古代文学作品，是文学的一部分，是现代文学的发展基础，它是承上启下的，是文学发展史上不可缺少的部分。它是中国文学最根本的东西。

In general, classical literature refers to the ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature, and the foundation of modern literature development; It is a link connecting the preceding with the following and an indispensable part of the history of literary development; It is the most fundamental thing in Chinese literature.

Generally, classical literature refers to the ancient literary works of various nationalities, which is a part of literature, and the foundation of modern literature development. It is a link connecting the preceding with the following as well as an indispensable part of the history of literary development. More, it is the most fundamental issues in Chinese literature.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2.中国现代文学的发展﹐是吸收外来文学营养使之民族化﹑继承民族传统使之现代化的过程。中国是一个有著悠久的文化传统的文明古国。

The progress of Chinese modern literature is the process of absorbing outstanding foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting national tradition to make it modernized. China is an ancient civilization with a long cultural tradition.

The development of Chinese modern literature is a process of absorbing the nourishment of foreign literature to make it nationalized and inheriting the national tradition to make it modernized. China is an ancient civilization with a long cultural tradition.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

3.当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段:新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of new China in 1949, among which many literary schools have emerged. It can be roughly divided into four stages: new period literature, literature in 1980s , literature in 1990s and literature of the new century.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:11, 12 November 2020 ()

Contemporary literature refers to the literature after the founding of New China in 1949, among which many literary schools have emerged. It can be roughly divided into four stages: literature of the new period, literature in 1980s , literature in 1990s and literature of the new century.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:14, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。百家争鸣的文化氛围促进了文学的繁荣。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is an era of rapid social changes. In this period, pre Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. The cultural atmosphere of a hundred schools of thought has promoted the prosperity of literature.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.当代文学的两大传统虽然已分清了主次地位，但两种价值观念、两种美学修养、两种文化实践，仍然存在着尖锐的冲突，并通过政治运动的形式一再表现出来。

Although the two major traditions of contemporary literature have been distinguished as primary and secondary, there are still sharp conflicts between the two values, two aesthetic cultivation and two cultural practices, which have been repeatedly manifested in the form of political movements.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Although the two major traditions of contemporary literature have been distinguished as primary and secondary, sharp conflicts still exsit between the two values, two aesthetic cultivation and two cultural practices, which have been repeatedly manifested in the form of political movements.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 01:14, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国小说源远流长，明清以来更是出现了众多白话小说，然后以五四新文学为起点，中国现代小说以全新的思想内涵和前所未有的表现形式，掀开了中国小说发展史上崭新的一页，展现了现代的行为方式和思维方式。

Chinese novels have a long history. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, many vernacular novels have appeared. Starting from the May 4th Movement, Chinese modern novels opened a new page in the development of Chinese novel with brand-new ideological connotation and unprecedented forms of expression, showing modern behavior and thinking mode.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 12:56, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

中国是诗歌的国度。尤其到了唐代，中国古典诗歌进入全盛时期。唐代近三百年间涌现出了大批优秀诗人和杰出的诗歌作品。唐代诗歌数量极大，题材广泛，意象和风格多样化，出现了大量思想性和艺术性完美结合的作品。

China is a country of poetry, and especially in the Tang Dynasty, classic Chinese poetry reached its heyday. Over the nearly 300 years of the Tang Dynasty, myriads of excellent poets and outstanding works mushroomed. The Tang Dynasty boasts a great number and extensive themes of poetry with varied images and styles, as well as numerous works combining great thoughts and artistry.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

《西游记》是根据民间流产的有关唐代高僧玄奘前往天竺取经的轶事创作而成。小说故事情节曲折生动，奇幻精彩，充满了浓厚的艺术魅力。小说充满了浪漫主义精神，作者想象力丰富，人物构思奇特，化人与妖为一体。

''Journey to the West'' is based on the popular folk legends about the journey of Xuanzang to India for the purpose of introducing Buddhist sutras into China. The infinite charm of the novel comes from its delightful twists and turns in its unique and fantastic setting. The novel adds much imagination and a touch of romanticism into the historical event, and even creates many truly fantastic, half-human and half-monster characters.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

近代文学，指1840年鸦片战争至1919年五四运动前夕的文学，即中国现代化孕育期的文学，反映了中国文学挥别传统、重塑现代的特殊精神追求。

Chinese modern literature refers to the one reflecting the origin of Chinese modernization drive from the First Opium War in 1840 to the May 4th Movement in 1919, expressing the special spiritual pursuit of Chinese literature reshaping the modern era while discarding traditions.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学；其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学，它限定在“中国大陆”这一范围之中。

Chinese contemporary literature, firstly refers to the one since 1949, secondly to the one about specific historical language context of socialism limited in “Mainland China”.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

Chinese classical literature boasts poetry, prose, novels, Ci, Fu, Qu and other forms of expression， among which are miscellaneous artistic expression methods, endowing Chinese classical literature with a colorful and glorious landscape. Over thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture has bred Chinese classical literature, while Chinese classical literature, in turn, has greatly enriched traditional Chinese culture thus endowing it with deeper influential power.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:11, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
1.古典文学泛指各民族的古代文学作品，是文学的一部分，是现代文学的发展基础。

Classical literature generally refers to ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature and the developmental foundation of modern literature.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Classical literature generally refers to ancient literary works of various nationalities. It is a part of literature and the basis on which the modern literature develops.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

2.现代文学是中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下，广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern literature is, under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese history, a new literature formed by the wide acceptance of foreign literature.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern literature is, under the historical changes in the Chinese society, a new literature formed by the extensive influence of foreign literature.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

3.在评价“中国当代文学”的时候，我们一方面要克服沾沾自喜的自诩和自大，另一方面，要具有放眼世界、虚心向善的态度。

When evaluating “contemporary Chinese literature”, we must overcome self-satisfaction and arrogance on the one hand, and on the other hand, we must have an attitude of modesty and openning our eyes to the whole world.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 07:45, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

When evaluating “contemporary Chinese literature”, we must overcome self-satisfaction and arrogance on the one hand, and on the other hand, we must have an open mind to the whole world and the attitude of modesty.--[[User:Ouyang Ling|Ouyang Ling]] ([[User talk:Ouyang Ling|talk]]) 13:49, 15 November 2020 (UTC)Ouyang Ling

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。
The Spring and Autumn Period underwent drastic social changes, during which the Pre-Qin proses had an important place in Chinese literature history.

中国平民文学直面现实，深层揭示社会矛盾，以文学的方式推动社会的发展与进步，所起的作用是“体制内”官方作家无法做到的。
Chinese civilian literature directly faces the reality, and unveils deep social tensions, promoting social development and progress by using literature, the role of which can’t be achieved by official writers who are in the “system”.

“五四”以后﹐无产阶级作为独立的力量登上政治舞台﹐并在社会生活中日益显示出自己的力量﹔与历史的这一发展相适应﹐20年代中后期起在文学上提出了以“农工大众”为主要服务对象与表现对象的要求。
After the May 4th Movement, proletariate ascended political arena as an independent force, and gradually manifested its power in social life; in accordance with the development of history, the proletariate proposed the requirement that farmers, workers and the public should be the main service and performance object in literature in the mid and late 20s.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:07, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of rapid social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era with dramatic social changes. During this period, pre-Qin prose occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:26, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2.现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern literature is a new literature that has been widely accepted by foreign literature under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
Modern literature is a new literature that has been formed with wide influence of the foreign literature under the conditions of historical changes in Chinese society.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:26, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国当代文学，首先指的是1949年以来的中国文学;其次指的是发生在特定的社会主义历史语境中的文学.

Contemporary Chinese literature firstly refers to Chinese literature since 1949; secondly, it refers to literature that occurred in a specific historical context of socialism.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:20, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese contemporary literature, firstly refers to the one since 1949, secondly to the one about specific historical language context of socialism limited in “Mainland China.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 08:12, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 春秋战国时期，是一个社会发生急剧变化的时代，此一时期，在中国文学史上占有重要一席之地的即是先秦散文。

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of drastic social changes. During this period, the prose of Pre-Qin Time occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)
The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era with drastic social changes, during which, the prose of Pre-Qin Time occupies an important place in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. “五四”以后，无产阶级作为独立的力量登上政治舞台，并在社会生活中日益显示出自己的力量；与历史的这一发展相适应，20年代中后期起在文学上提出了以“农工大众”为主要服务对象与表现对象的要求。

After the May 4th movement, the proletariat, as an independent force, stepped on the political stage and increasingly showed its strength in social life. In line with this development of history, since the middle and late 1920s, it has been proposed in literature that "the masses of farmers and workers" should be the main object of service and performance. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 20世纪70年代中后期，在摆脱了思想与文化的10年禁锢之后, 文学的现代化与民族化进入了一个新的阶段。

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after getting rid of the ten-year imprisonment of thought and culture. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 09:06, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the middle and late 1970s, the modernization and nationalization of literature entered a new stage after breaking the shackle of thought and culture for ten years.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 13:14, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
In the middle and late 1970s, the literature entered a new stage in terms of its modernization and nationalization after getting out of the shackle of thought and culture for ten years.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 12:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==
诗歌发展历程中的先驱之作便是以诗经和楚辞为代表的。诗歌从始至终都离不开情感的作用，诗情是强烈的，真诚的。
The Book of Songs and The Songs of Chu is the representative works in the development of poetry, and the intense and sincere emotion is the key factor.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 10:05, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

现代文学属于二十世纪资本主义文化的一部分。
Modern literature is the product of the 21st century capitalist society.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 10:05, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. 元诗的历史既是中国古典诗歌的传承，也是创新，这是因为诗人和文化背景的变化。宋朝建立于960年，统一了从中原北部到长江地区的传统中国心脏地带。

The history of Yuan poetry involves both the received legacy of Classical Chinese poetry together with innovations, in part related to linguist and other changes in regard to aspects of the cultural background.Founded in 960, the Song dynasty reunified most of the traditional Chinese heartland from the North Central Plain to the area of the Yangzi River.

2. 回到现当代文学，要说标准丧失也不尽然，所谓“汉学化”就未尝不被当成一个“标准”。若问现当代文学研究在向哪里看齐？哪些研究主导着现当代文学的“话语生产”？在一些学者那里，恐怕就是海外汉学。这不是很正常的。

Returning to modern and contemporary literature, it is not entirely true to say that standards have been lost, but the so-called "Sinologization" has been taken as a "standard. If we ask where is modern and contemporary literary research aligning itself? What studies dominate the "production of discourse" in modern and contemporary literature? In some scholars' eyes, I'm afraid it's overseas Sinology. It's abnormal.

3. 网络通俗小说则是衣食父母至上，就是写爽文，变着花样取悦读者，开模，复制，这种文化产业流水线的作品，文学性趋近于无。各平台的自媒体输出，更是和文学无关了，它的本质是营销，用户想听什么就说什么，不能量产、快速变现的文字都是难以生存的。

The network popular fiction is the supremacy of parents, that is, to write cool text, changing patterns to please the reader, open mode, copy, this cultural industry assembly line works, literary sex tends to nothing. The media output of each platform has nothing to do with literature, its essence is marketing, and users can say whatever they want to hear.

4. 到公元8世纪初，唐王朝出现了所说的“开元盛世”，经济、文化发展到鼎盛。诗歌创作领域也出现大批优秀诗人，写下内容异常丰富的诗歌。其中田园山水诗和描写边塞战争的诗占相当比重，李白、杜甫也出现在这时。

By the beginning of the 8 century AD, the Tang dynasty was at the height of its economic and cultural development in what is known as the "Age of Enlightenment". A large number of outstanding poets emerged in the field of poetry creation, writing unusually rich poems. Among them, poems of idyllic landscapes and poems describing wars in the frontier areas accounted for a considerable proportion, and Li Bai and Du Fu also appeared at this time.

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.几千年来，中国传统文化养育了中国古典文学，中国古典文学又大大丰富了中国传统文化，使传统文化更具有深刻的影响力。

For thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture cultivated the classical Chinese literature. At the same time the classical Chinese literature also greatly enriched the traditional Chinese culture and made it have more profound influence.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

For thousands of years, traditional Chinese culture cultivated the classical Chinese literature, which in turn greatly enriched the traditional Chinese culture and made it have more profound influence.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 08:47, 14 November 2020 (UTC)
2.现代文学不仅用现代语言表现现代科学民主思想﹐而且在艺术形式与表现手法上都对传统文学进行了革新﹐建立了话剧﹑新诗﹑现代小说﹑杂文﹑散文诗﹑报告文学等新的文学体裁。

Modern literature not only manifested the modern theories of science and democracy with modern language, but also renovated the traditional literature in art form and methods of performance, building some new literary genres including drama, modern Chinese poetry, modern novels, essays, prose poems and reportage.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

Modern literature not only expressed modern scientific and democratic ideas with modern language, but also innovated traditional literature in art forms and expressive methods, introducing some new literary genres including drama, modern Chinese poetry, essays, prose poems and reportage. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:03, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

3.当代文学是指1949年新中国成立以后的文学，其中出现了许多文学流派。大致可以划分为四个阶段:新时期文学、80年代文学、90年代文学、新世纪文学。

Contemporary literature refers to the literature since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, among which it appeared a lot of literary schools. It can be divided into four stages, that is, new-era literature, 80s literature, 90s literature and new-century literature.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:27, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
中国古典文学名著是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品。

The masterpieces of Chinese classical literature are classics or outstanding works shining brilliantly in the history of Chinese literature.

The masterpieces of Chinese classical literature are shining examples in the history of Chinese literature. --[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 03:25, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

中国现代文学是在中国社会内部发生历史性变化的条件下﹐广泛接受外国文学影响而形成的新的文学。

Modern Chinese literature is a new literature formed under the condition of historical changes in Chinese society and the influence of foreign literature.

中国的当代文学，不同于以反帝反封建为主的现代文学，其发展是在社会主义领导下进行的，并与国家政治息息相关.

Contemporary Chinese literature is different from modern literature, which is mainly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal. It develops under the leadership of socialism and is closely related to national politics.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 08:39, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1.中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Chinese classical literature has a variety of forms of expression such as poetry, prose, novels, words, fu, songs, etc. In different styles, there are also a variety of artistic expressions, thus making Chinese classical literature present a colorful, magnificent and brilliant picture.

2.发轫于1917年文学革命的中国现当代文学，虽然至今不足百年，但却开辟了中国文学史上翻天覆地的新时代，是文学上“从来没有经历过的最伟大、进步的变革，是一个需要巨人而且产生了巨人——在思维能力、热情和性格方面，在多才多艺和学识渊博方面的巨人的时代”。

The modern and contemporary Chinese literature, originated from the literary revolution in 1917, has opened up an earth-shaking new era in the history of Chinese literature with the last less than a hundred years. It is "the greatest and progressive change that has never happened before in literature. It is an era that requires and produces giants-giants capable of thinking ability, enthusiasm and character, versatility and profound knowledge".

3.中国当代文学体制沿袭1949年以后的官方文学体制，培养出大量庸俗腐朽，阿谀逢迎体制内作家，旷日持久地制造出人类文明时代以来巨量的文学垃圾，而少数具有精神自省的自由中国作家所创作的有着较高思想价值和艺术价值的文学精品难以面世，导致中国当代不仅文学界，而是全社会腐朽庸俗之风日盛，精神与思想面临全面崩溃的局面。

The Chinese contemporary literature system, following the official literature system after 1949, cultivate a lot of vulgar decay who flatter writer in the system, and has created a huge amount of literary rubbish in the era of human civilization for a long time. However, it is difficult to publish literary masterpieces with high ideological and artistic values performed by a few free Chinese writers with spiritual introspection, which leads to the growing trend of decadent vulgarity, not only in the literary world but also in the whole society in contemporary China, and the overall collapse of spirit and thought.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 03:23, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==

1.中国古典文学有诗歌、散文、小说以及词、赋、曲等多种表现形式，在各种文体中，又有多种多样的艺术表现手法，从而使中国古典文学呈现出多姿多彩、壮丽辉煌的图景。

Chinese classical literature has poetry, prose, novels and words, assignments, songs and other forms of expression. In a variety of styles, there are all kinds of artistic expressions, so that Chinese classical literature presents a colorful and magnificent picture.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)
--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

2.无论是从思想上还是从艺术上看，五四新文学是一种与传统文学迥异的现代文学，是中国文学史上名副其实的革命。

Whether ideologically or artistically, May 4th New Literature is a kind of modern literature which is very different from traditional literature and is a veritable revolution in the history of Chinese literature.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国现当代文学的源头是五四文学。五四文学是中国文学发展史上一次前所未有的本质性变异，它划定了从传统文学到现代文学的不同历史时代。

The source of contemporary Chinese literature is May 4th literature. May 4th literature is an unprecedented essential variation in the history of Chinese literature, which delimits different historical times from traditional literature to modern literature.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:24, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

The source of modern and contemporary Chinese literature is May 4th literature. May 4th literature is an unprecedented essential variation in the history of Chinese literature, which delimits different historical times from traditional literature to modern literature. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 07:48, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.中国古典文学是中国文学史上闪烁着灿烂光辉的经典性作品或优秀作品，它是世界文学宝库中令人瞩目的瑰宝。

Classical Chinese literature is the classic or excellent work shining brilliantly in the history of Chinese literature， which is a remarkable treasure in the treasure house of the world literature.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical literature is a classic or excellent work with brilliant brilliance in the history of Chinese literature. It is a remarkable treasure in the world literature treasure house.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

2.现代文学在“五四”文学革命以后的60多年发展过程中﹐随著中国革命与社会性质的演变﹐以1949年10月中华人民共和国成立为转折﹐经历了新民主主义革命时期与社会主义时期两个历史阶段。

In the more than 60 years of development after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature, marked by the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949, has undergone the period of the new democratic revolution and the period of socialism with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and the nature of society.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the more than 60 years after the "May 4th" literary revolution, modern literature, with the evolution of Chinese revolution and social nature, went through two historical stages: the new democratic revolution period and the socialist period with the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949 as the turning point.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

In the course of more than 60 years of development after the May 4th literary revolution, modern literature has experienced two historical stages, the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the period of socialism, with the evolution of the Chinese revolution and social nature, taking the founding of the People's Republic of China as a turning point in October 1949.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:30, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中国平民作家特别是自由作家所具有的独立思想，通常在作品中以令人恐怖的真实表现出思想的光芒。

The independent ideas of Chinese civilian writers, especially freelance writers, usually show the light of ideas in their works with terrifying truth.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 14:19, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The independent thoughts of Chinese civilian writers, especially the free writers, usually show the light of their thoughts in their works with horrible truth.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 14:28, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

The independent thought of Chinese civilian writers, especially free writers, usually shows the light of thought with terrible truth in their works.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 05:30, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.文学发展到西晋开始了明显的转变。西晋的士族制度加深了阶级鸿沟，士族文人远离社会和人民，他们的创作缺乏现实内容，就只能追求形式的华美，逐渐走上形式主义的道路。

The development of literature to the Western Jin Dynasty began an obvious change. The scholastic system in the Western Jin Dynasty deepened the class gap, and the literati were far away from the society and the people. Their creations lacked realistic content, so they could only pursue the beauty of form and gradually embarked on the road of formalism.

The development of literature into the Western Jin Dynasty began a marked transformation.The taxi system in the Western Jin Dynasty has deepened the class gap, and the literati are far from the society and the people.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 06:17, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.“五四”文学革命在中国文学史上引起的历史性变革﹐集中地表现为大大加强了文学与人民群众的结合﹐文学与进步的社会思潮及民族解放﹑人民革命运动的自觉联系。

The historical changes caused by the "May 4th" literary revolution in the history of Chinese literature are concentrated in the combination of literature and the masses, the conscious connection between literature and progressive social trends of thought, national liberation and the people's revolutionary movement.

3.中国当代文学发展到今天主要分为“社会主义初期文学”、改革开放后的“新时期文学”、“中国先锋文学”、“中国自由文学”、以及“通俗流行文学”等五大类。

Today, Chinese contemporary literature is mainly divided into five categories, namely, "literature of the early socialism", "literature of the New Era" after the reform and opening up, "Chinese avant-garde literature", "Chinese liberal literature" and "popular literature".--[[User:Zhou Yiwen|Zhou Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yiwen|talk]]) 10:28, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1、先秦散文主要可分为历史散文和诸子散文。就大体情况而言，历史散文主要是叙事的，诸子散文主要是说理的。

Pre-Qin essays could be divided into historical essays and essays written by masters of that period. In general, the former is narration, and the latter argumentation.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

2.、严复、林纾是这个时期著名的翻译家，他们分别以各自熟练的古文翻译西方社会科学和文学作品，对传播新思想、新文化，起了积极的作用和广泛的影响。

Yan Fu and Lin Shu are famous translators in this period. They respectively translated western social sciences and literary works into fluent ancient Chinese, which played an important role in spreading the new ideas and new culture. --[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

3、在抗日战争时期，民族危难使作家和人民有了共同命运，推动着许多曾经有过脱离人民的倾向，“为艺术而艺术”的作家走出个人小天地。
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the national crisis made writers and the people share a common destiny, and pushed many writers who had once been inclined to break away from the people and "make art for art's sake" out of their private world.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

4、诗人李白写过许多反映妇女生活的作品，《长干行二首》就是其中杰出的诗篇。它以一位居住在长干里的商妇自述的口气，叙述了她的爱情生活，倾吐了对于远方丈夫的殷切思念。
The poet Li Bai wrote many works reflecting the lives of women, including "Chang Gan Xing", one of his outstanding poems. In the voice of a woman living in Changgan whose husband is a businessman,it narrated her love life, and expressed her deep longing for her husband who was far away.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 06:25, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

古代人民辛勤劳作中创作出的农业文明，对古代社会的方方面面均产生了诸多影响，也对当前我国古代文学的创作、作品、审美以及发展产生影响。

The agricultural civilization created by the hard work of the ancient people has had many impacts on all aspects of ancient society, and also has an effect on the creation, works, aesthetics and development of ancient Chinese literature.

波澜起伏的时代思潮为观照作家的心态变化提供了参考体系，考察现代文学作家心态变化与文学思潮的关联之后发现，作家心态不断经历着从思潮袭来时的激昂乐观到思潮退去后的悲观失望的变化，由此构成了从呐喊到彷徨的循环怪圈。

The ups and downs of different Zeitgeist of the times provide a reference for observing the writer’s mentality changes. After examining the relationship between the modern literary writer’s mentality changes and literary thoughts, it is found that the writer’s mentality has experienced from the passionate optimism when the thoughts hit at the beginning to the pessimistic disappointment when the thoughts fade. The change is also reflected in his books from Call to Pacing Back and Forth.

鉴于不同语言和文化所孕育的文学的特殊性，中国当代文学的国际翻译传播之路也必然具有特殊性。

In view of the particularity of literature bred by different languages and cultures, the international translation and spread of Chinese contemporary literature must also bear uniqueness.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 15:39, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.《离骚》是我国诗歌史上现存第一篇宏伟壮丽的抒情长诗，也是一篇浪漫主义杰作。

''Li Sao'' is the first exsiting long lyric poem in the history of Chinese literature and a masterpiece of Romanticism.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.鲁迅笔耕一生，留下了大量著述。白话短篇小说《狂人日记》是中国现代文学史上第一篇用现代体式创作的小说，标志着中国现代小说的伟大开端。

Lu Xun was engaged in writing all through his lifetime, leaving behind an immense number of books. ''Diary of a Madman'' was the first novel written in the modern form in Chinese literature, symbolizing the great outset of modern Chinese fiction.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.矛盾始终坚持革命现实主义的文艺应与中国的革命统一步调，反对公式化，概念化的倾向，注重艺术形式与技巧的探索。他还是中国现代文学批评的开创者之一。

Mao Dun adhered all the time to the stand that revolutionary realism should be in step with Chinese revolution and opposed the trend of formalism and conceptualization. He laid stress on the probe into artistic form and technique. He was also one of the pioneers of modern literary criticism in China.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.总之，强烈要求摆脱羁绊，追求个性解放和精神自由，风格飘逸豪放，是李白诗歌的最大特色。

In general, Li Bai's poetry is characterized by its unconventional spirit and highly personalized imagery.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 15:13, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==
1.中国古典文学包括诗歌、小说、戏曲、散文，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，是中国文化与中国精神的体现，是当代青年学习与认识我国传统文化的重要手段。

Chinese classical literature, which concludes poetry, novels, operas, and prose, is an important composition of Chinese traditional culture, the embodiment of Chinese culture and Chinese spirit, and an important means for contemporary youth to learn and understand Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.近代文学的成就在于它的反帝反封建的进步主流，它的反映现实和追求理想的精神和方法，它的语文合一、走向通俗化的探索和努力，为“五四”时代新文学运动准备了一定的历史条件。

The achievement of modern literature lies in its anti-imperialist and anti-feudal progressive mainstream, its spirit and method of reflecting reality and pursuing ideals, its integration of language and literature, and its exploration and efforts towards popularization have prepared certain historical conditions for the New Literature Movement of the "May Fourth" era.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.中国现代文学既是作家作品的历史，也是文学和文化思想的历史，也是中国社会接受和运用现代文学的历史。

Modern Chinese literature is not only the history of writers' works, but the history of literature and cultural thoughts, as well as the history of Chinese society's acceptance and use of modern literature.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

4.诗仙李白的《长干行》有多种英译本，其中美国诗人庞德译为The River-Merchant's Wife: A letter，中国著名翻译家许渊冲教授翻译为Ballad of A Trader's Wife，王玉书先生则译为A Merchant's Wife Complaint，这三个英译本分别用韵味深长的遣词和造句，传神地塑造了异彩纷呈的女主人公形象。

There are many English translations of ''Chang Gan Xing'' by the poet Li Bai. Among them, the American poet Pound translated it as ''The River-Merchant's Wife: A letter'', the famous Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong translated it as ''Ballad of A Trader's Wife'', and Wang Yushu translated it as ''A Merchant's Wife Complaint''. These three English translations use provocative words and sentences to vividly portray the colorful heroine image.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 09:08, 13 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==

1.The term "classic novels", writes Andrew H. Plaks, is a "neologism of twentieth-century scholarship" which seems to have come into common use under the influence of C. T. Hsia's Classic Chinese Novel.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

安德鲁·H·普拉克斯（Andrew H. Plaks）写道，“经典小说”一词是“二十世纪学术的新神学”，似乎在夏·夏亚的中国经典小说的影响下得到了普遍使用。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

安德鲁·H·普拉克斯（Andrew H. Plaks）写道，“经典小说”一词是“二十世纪学术的新词”，似乎在夏志清中国经典小说的影响下开始普遍使用。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:19, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

2.The literary reform movement that began with these and other “calls to arms” was an important part of the larger New Culture Movement for cultural and sociopolitical reform, which was greatly strengthened by a student protest on May 4, 1919, against the intellectual performance of the Chinese delegates to the Paris Peace Conference formally terminating World War I. --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

从这些和其他“呼吁武器”开始的文学改革运动是规模更大的文化和社会政治改革新文化运动的重要组成部分，该运动在1919年5月4日针对学生的智力表现提出的学生抗议活动得到了极大的加强。参加巴黎和平会议的中国代表正式结束了第一次世界大战。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

文学改革运动是从这些及其他“号召”运动开始的，是规模更大的文化及社会政治改革—新文化运动的重要组成部分，该改革由一名学生于1919年5月4日抗议得到极大推动，该学生抗议中国代表团精英分子在表明第一次世界大战正式结束的巴黎和会上的表现。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:37, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The contemporary period refers to the glorious thirty years from the May Fourth Movement in 1919 until the foundation of the Peoples' Republic of China in 1949.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

当代时期指的是从1919年“五四”运动到1949年中华人民共和国成立的三十年。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

当代是指从1919年“五四”运动到1949年中华人民共和国成立的辉煌三十年。--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 08:21, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

4.The most popular Tang Poems collection might be the so-called 300 Tang Poems compiled by Qing dynasty scholar Sun Zhu. It is so popular that many poems in it have been adopted by Chinese language text books of China's primary schools and secondary schools. Some of the poems in it are normally regarded as must-recite ones.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

最受欢迎的唐诗集可能是清代孙子编纂的所谓《唐诗三百首》。它是如此流行，以至于其中许多诗歌被中国中小学的汉语课本所采用。其中的一些诗歌通常被认为是必须朗诵的诗歌。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 13:19, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

最受欢迎的唐诗集可能是清代孙洙编纂的《唐诗三百首》。它是如此流行，以至于其中许多诗歌被中国中小学的汉语课本所采用。其中的一些诗歌通常被认为是必须背诵的。--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 07:57, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese Languages and Cultures

2020-11-16T05:35:08Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* 11th Session: Unit 10 */

Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]

Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

=Organizational Things=
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
==Description of Homework==
===Regular students===
1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

===Website Admin student===
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).
===Online Survey students===
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

==Edits==
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
* Correct an earlier translation.
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

==Material==
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

=Schedule=
1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Beijing Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Beijing Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

==1st Session==
Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can '''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==2nd Session: Unit 1==
===Text A Geography===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Traditional Festivals===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Traditional Science===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

==='''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==3rd Session: Unit 2==
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

===Text B Calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==='''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]

===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...

==='''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==5th Session: Unit 4==
===Text A Tea===

Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Silk ===
吴琼张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]

===Text C Porcelain ===
Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Celadon ===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==='''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==

===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===

Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking ===

Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Two Famous Dishes ===
Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

===Text D Chopsticks ===

Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

==7th Session: Unit 6==

===Text A Painting ===

Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Seal-cutting ===

Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===

Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==='''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==8th Session: Unit 7==

===Text A Architecture ===

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Gardens ===

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C The Summer Palace ===

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==9th Session: Unit 8==

===Text A Classical Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:34, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Modern Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Contemporary Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by[[File:Handout-Comtempotary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===

Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]

Handout by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]

==10th Session: Unit 9==
Unit 9 Beijing Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Beijing Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

==11th Session: Unit 10==
Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon and Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红), C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

==12th Session: Unit 11==
Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine 莫玲, B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

==13th Session: Unit 12==
Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity

==14th Session: Unit 13==
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

==15th Session: Unit 14==
Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

==16th Session: Unit 15==
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

=='''Final Exam paper - You can write it now and improve and correct it until grading on Dec 15, 2020'''==
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. Please also provide a Chinese translation of the text. You can '''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her final exam paper on that page.

Chinese Languages and Cultures

2020-11-16T05:26:00Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* 9th Session: Unit 8 */

Quicklinks: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual]

Welcome to our course website '''Chinese Languages and Cultures'''. Whenever you visit this site, please see if there is anything in English not yet translated into Chinese and make a Chinese translation beneath (one paragraph English, one paragraph Chinese). Any correction or improvement of earlier translations is welcome!

欢迎访问我们'''中国语言文化课'''网页。…………--[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 07:43, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

=Organizational Things=
*Please register for the Course Wiki.
*Please prepare each session during the week before, so that you come prepared to class.
==Description of Homework==
===Regular students===
1. Please read and prepare all the texts for the next textbook unit.

2. Please find a Chinese sentence in the internet about each of the 3-4 topics we deal with in each session (see textbook content page or on this webpage here "schedule"). Copy these sentences on our homework webpage and write translations into English (for international students: find an English sentence and translate into Chinese). Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

Then please help your fellow students to correct and improve their translations. Do not forget to sign by typing - - ~ ~ ~ ~ (without spaces) at the end.

3. Once in the semester, you give a presentation on a topic of the textbook. Please do not just repeat the content, but say something from the perspective of a translator: What problems do you encounter when translating the textbook text or when translating texts of this topic. One student can do a presentation, the other can do a handout. Both contributions are graded separately.

===Website Admin student===
Thank you for helping to watch the Wiki website! Please make sure that it looks nice (formatting, especially if a fellow students makes a mess by putting the wrong format etc., should not look to crowded, so make sub-websites for homework etc.).
===Online Survey students===
There will be several online surveys conducted throughout the semester. Please watch your WeChat Subgroup for the first tasks.

==Edits==
Every student is required to edit something every week. This can be:
* Translate a pragraph from English to Chinese.
* Correct an earlier translation.
* Prepare an article (please link to from this page) and/or a powerpoint (please upload here) on a topic you will present during the semester.

==Material==
Please download the course textbook from the WeChat Group.

=Schedule=
1st Session: Organizational things

2nd session: Unit 1 General Survey A. 1 Geography SAGARA SEYDOU; B. 2 Traditional Festivals: The Spring Festival, The Lantern Festival, The Dragon Boat Festival, The Mid-autumn Festival 汤伊然，杨子泠（The Dragon Boat Festival）; C. 3 Ancient Science and Technology 曾心媛陈涵

3rd session: Unit 2 Language and Calligraphy A. 4 Chinese characters and scripts 蒋凤仪顾东方, B. 5 Calligraphy 徐佳肖婷, C. 6 The Evolution of Calligraphy 肖双玲王轩

4th session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts A. 7 Embroidery 瞿淼、娄灿灿, B. 8 Cloisonne, C. 9 Lacquerware Lô Minh Thảo- 卢明草, D. 10 Carving

5th session: Unit 4 Tea, Silk and Ceramics A. 11 Tea 祝美梅，周园曲, B. 12 Silk 吴琼张银柳, C. 13 Porcelain Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA, D. 14 Celadon 高明珠陈静静

Unit 5 Traditional Cuisine 15 Distinct Regional Cuisines 罗雨晴石海瑶, 16 The Art of Chinese Cooking 邹鑫雨曹润鑫 SAFFANA , HA THI THU HANG, C. 17 Two Famous Dishes 袁天翼张维虹, D. 18 Chopsticks 蒋淇玮胡瑾

Unit 6 Fine Arts A. 19 Painting 朱旭,莫玲 B. 20 Seal-cutting 赵茜张瑜， C. 21 Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 吴子佳雷旷溪

Unit 7 Architecture and Gardens A. 22 Architecture 张毓婕，张佩闻, B. 23 Gardens 张宇星解帆, C. 24 The Summer Palace 刘艺谭媛媛

Unit 8 Literature A. 25 Classical Literature 游雨婷，许静, B. 26 Modern Literature 张玲杨海容, C. 27 Contemporary Literature 义子楚杨悦, D. 28 Selected Tang Poems 管钦清雷方 Ngo Thi Minh Huong (吴氏明红)

Unit 9 Beijing Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Beijing Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity 彭锐宏

Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

New topics suggested by students: ...

==1st Session==
Introduction to the course. Organizational things. Working with the Wiki.
====Students' Homework of session 1 in preparation for session 2====
===Homework of Session 1 (Sep 21, 2020), due for Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020)===
1. Every student should find a sentence for each text of unit 2 (A. Geography, B. Traditional Festivals, C. Ancient Science) in English and translate it into Chinese. You can '''write it [[20200921_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==2nd Session: Unit 1==
===Text A Geography===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Geography_by_Seydou_Sagara_.ppt|Seydou Sagara's presentation on China-Geography ]]--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 05:07, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Traditional Festivals===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Dragon_Boat_Festiva_by_Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran_S.pptx|Yang Zilin and Tang Yiran's presentation on Dragon Boat Festival]]--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 15:13, 7 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:The Dragon Boat Festival by Tang Yiran and Yang Ziling.docx|Dragon Boat Festival]] --[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 02:26, 5 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Traditional Science===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Paper-making_technology_by_Chen Han_S.pptx|Chen Han's presentation on Paper-making technology]] --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 05:40, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Ancient_Science_and_Technology_.docx|Ancient Science and Technology]] --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 06:48, 28 September 2020 (UTC)Zeng Xinyuan

==='''Homework from Session 2 (Sep 28, 2020), due for Session 3 (Oct 5, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20200928_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==3rd Session: Unit 2==
===Text A Chinese Characters and Scripts===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese Characters.ppt]] by Jiang Fengyi --[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 07:14, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese Characters.docx]]--[[User:Gudongfang|Gudongfang]] ([[User talk:Gudongfang|talk]]) 15:36, 6 October 2020 (UTC)Gu Dongfang

===Text B Calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Chinese calligraphy.pptx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 02:03, 5 October 2020 (UTC) Xu Jia

Handout [[Media:Chinese_calligraphy.docx|Chinese calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 11:50, 10 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

===Text C Evolution of calligraphy===

Classroom presentation [[Media:The Evolution of Calligraphy.pptx|evolution of Calligraphy]]--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 02:14, 5 October 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Handout [[Media:calligraphy by Xiao Shuangling and Wang Xuan.docx]] --[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:10, 15 October 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==='''Homework from Session 3 (Oct 7, 2020), due for Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201007_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==4th Session: Unit 3 Traditional Crafts==
===Text A, total text no. 7, Embroidery===
Classroom presentation [[Media:Embroidery.pptx]] by Qu Miao --[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 04:33, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Embroidery.docx]] by Lou Cancan --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 04:24, 12 October 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼、Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

===Text B, total text no. 8, Cloisonne===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

===Text C, total text no. 9, Lacquerware===

Classroom presentation [[Media:China_Traditional_Craft_by_Lo_Minh_Thao_S.pptx|Lo Minh Thao's presentation on Chinese Traditional Crafts]]

===Text D, total text no. 10, Carving===
Classroom presentation [[Media:...pptx]] by ...

Handout [[Media:....docx]] by ...

==='''Homework from Session 4 (Oct 12, 2020), due for Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201012_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==5th Session: Unit 4==
===Text A Tea===

Classroom presentation[[Media: Tea_Chinese_Culture_Zhu_Meimei_S.pptx|Zhu Meimei's presentation on Tea]]--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 05:50, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Tea_Zhou_Yuanqu_S.docx|Zhou Yuanqu's handout on Tea]]----[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 02:08, 19 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Silk ===
吴琼张银柳

Classroom presentation by Zhang Yinliu[[Media:Silk.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:30, 19 October 2020 (UTC)
Handout by--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 01:44, 19 October 2020 (UTC) [[Media:Handout for Silk.docx]]

===Text C Porcelain ===
Zubareva Ekaterina, ANNA GROSHEVA

Classroom presentation by [[Media:Porcelain_-_Grosheva_and_Zubareva.pptx]] --[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 08:17, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Porcelain_handout.docx]] by --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 07:25, 18 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Celadon ===

Classroom presentation [[Media:Celadon.pptx]]by --[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 06:48, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Handout by[[Media:Celadon.docx]]--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 09:01, 18 October 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==='''Homework from Session 5 (Oct 19, 2020), due for Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201019_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==6th Session: Unit 5: Traditional Cuisine==

===Text A Four Distinct Regional Cuisines ===

Presentation by Shi Haiyao[[Media:Four_Distinct_Regional_Cuisines_Shi_Haiyao_S.pptx|Shi Haiyao's presentation on Four Distinct Regional Cuisines]]--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Luo Yuqing[[Media:Four Distinct Regional Cuisines.docx]]--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 07:43, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text B The Art of Chinese Cooking ===

Presentation by 曹润鑫 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.pptx]]--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 15:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by 邹鑫雨 [[Media:The art of Chinese cooking.docx]]--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 15:01, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

Presentation by ALSIED SAFFANA [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking - SAFFANAALSIED and HATHITHUHANG_Final.pptx]] -- [[User:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|SAFFANA_ALSIED_2]] ([[User talk:SAFFANA_ALSIED_2|talk]]) 15:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by HA THI THU HANG [[Media:The Art of Chinese Cooking Handout Final.docx]] -- [[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] -- ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:38, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Two Famous Dishes ===
Classroom Presentation [[Media:Two_Famous_Dishes_Yuan_Tianyi_S.pptx|Yuan Tianyi's Presentation on Two Famous Dishes]]--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:17, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Weihong [[Media:Two Famous Dishes.doc]] --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 11:16, 25 October 2020 (UTC)ZhangWeihong

===Text D Chopsticks ===

Presentation by Jiang Qiwei[[Media:Chopsticks.pptx]]--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 04:33, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Hu Jin[[Media:handout for chopsticks.docx]]--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 15:56, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 6 (Oct 26, 2020), due for Session 7 (Nov 2, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201026_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

3. Please answer the quiz on https://bit.ly/Unit-6 or on http://shijiehanxue.mikecrm.com/BNFafJP

==7th Session: Unit 6==

===Text A Painting ===

Presentation by Zhu Xu [[Media:Painting by Zhu Xu.pptx]]--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:29, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout [[Media:Chinese_Painting_Mo_Ling.docx|Mo Ling's Handout on Chinese Painting]]--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 04:17, 1 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Seal-cutting ===

Presentation by Zhao Xi [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhao Xi.pptx]]--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 13:32, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yu [[Media:Seal-cutting by Zhang Yu and Zhao Xi.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 13:14, 29 October 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ===

Presentation by Wu Zijia [[Media:Presentation.Badashanren and QiBaishi.pptx]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:35, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Handout by Lei Kuangxi [[Media:Handout.Badashanren and Qi Baishi.docx ]]--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 05:05, 30 October 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==='''Homework from Session 7 (Nov 02, 2020), due for Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201102_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==8th Session: Unit 7==

===Text A Architecture ===

Presentation by Zhang Peiwen [[Media:Chinese Architecture.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 11:57, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Zhang Yujie [[Media:Ancient Chinese Architecture.docx]]--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 03:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Gardens ===

Presentation by Zhang Yuxing [[Media:Gardens.pptx]]--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 08:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Xie Fan [[Media:Gardens on the Yangtze Delta.docx]] --[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 13:12, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C The Summer Palace ===

Presentation by Tan Yuanyuan [[Media:The Summer Palace.pptx]]--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 14:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by Liu Yi [[Media:The Summer Palace.docx]]--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 14:49, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==='''Homework from Session 8 (Nov 09, 2020), due for Session 9 (Nov 16, 2020)'''===
1. Every student should find a Chinese sentence in the internet for each text of the unit (a, b, c, d) and translate it into English. You can '''write it [[20201109_cult|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her translation on that page.

==9th Session: Unit 8==

===Text A Classical Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.pptx]]

Handout by [[Media:Classical Literature-Shi Jing as the Beginning.docx]]--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 03:44, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text B Modern Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Modern literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 02:39, 16 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by [[Media:Modern Literature.docx]] --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 14:53, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text C Contemporary Literature ===

Presentation by [[Media:Contemporary Literature.pptx]]--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 16:34, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

Handout by[[File:Handout-Comtempotary Literature.docx]]--[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 12:44, 14 November 2020 (UTC)

===Text D Selected Tang Poems ===

Presentation by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Lei_Fangyuan_S.pptx|Lei Fangyuan's presentation on Selected Tang Poems]]

Handout by [[Media:Selected_Tang_Poems_by_Guan_Qinqing_S.pdf|Guan Qinqing's handout on Selected Tang Poems]]

==10th Session: Unit 9==
Unit 9 Beijing Opera and Acrobatics A. 29 Beijing Opera 甘奉玉丁代凤, B. 30 Mei Lanfang 曾良陈永相, C. 31 Acrobatics

==11th Session: Unit 10==
Unit 10 Wushu and Qigong A. 32 Wushu 赵晓燕张慧, B. 33 Qigong Rajabov Anushervon, C. 34 Huo Yuanjia 周艺文欧阳玲

==12th Session: Unit 11==
Unit 11 Traditional Medicine A. 35 Chinese Medicine 莫玲, B. 36 Diagnosis and Pharmacology, C. 37 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 吴一露司㚥, D. 38 The Development of Chinese Medicine 王美玲汤蓓

==13th Session: Unit 12==
Unit 12 Major Religions A. 39 Buddhism 康浩宇刘欧Phyo Su Kyi, B. 40 Daoism 桂一枝阳慧, C. 41 Islam 刘柳刘怡瑜, D. 42 Christianity

==14th Session: Unit 13==
Unit 13 Classical Philosophy A. 43 Confucius and Confucianism 罗维嘉李丽丽, B. 44 Daoism 余妮杨晨婷

==15th Session: Unit 14==
Unit 14 China and the outside world A. 45 Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 李丽琴郭露, B. 46 Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 胡百辉何长崎, C. 47 The Eastward Spread of Western Learning, D. 48 The Westernization Movement

==16th Session: Unit 15==
Unit 15 Selected Readings in Classical Philosophy A. 49 Tao Te Ching Gennadii Dashkin, B. 50 The Analects GUIROU BARTHELEMY, PINGKI TANCHANGYA, C. 51 The Sutra of Hui-neng, D. 52 The Importance of Living

=='''Final Exam paper - You can write it now and improve and correct it until grading on Dec 15, 2020'''==
1. Every student should write a new English text on a phenomenon in Chinese culture as a new chapter in the text book. Please also make a comparisons to similar or different cultural phenomenons in Europe and/or the USA. Please also provide a Chinese translation of the text. You can '''write it [[20201215_cultexam|here]]'''.

2. Help a fellow student to improve his/her final exam paper on that page.

20201102 cult

2020-11-09T06:24:26Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1.中国建筑艺术是中国人的伦理观、审美观、价值观和自然观的深刻体现。

Chinese architectural art is a profound manifestation of Chinese ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.
Chinese architectural art profoundly manifests Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese architectural art greatly embodies Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.园林中的“景”不是纯天然的模仿，而是赋予诗情画意，即将自然山水景物经过艺术提炼加工再现于园林之中。

The "scenery" in the garden is not a purely natural imitation, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.
The "scenery" in the garden is not a imitation of pure nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
The "scenery" in the garden didn't merely imitate the nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.颐和园的整个园林艺术构思巧妙，在中外园林艺术史上地位显著，是举世罕见的园林景观。

The garden art of the Summer Palace is ingeniously conceived and has a predominant position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare garden landscape in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:11, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

The whole garden art of the summer palace is ingenious and Being a rare landscape in the world, it has a prominent position in the history of garden art at home and abroad.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

To protect wood and reinforce mortice and tenon joint, paint and tung oil were used quite early in Chinese architecture, which shows its practicality, sturdiness and attractiveness.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Garden for Lingering In, The Master-of-Nets Garden and The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty do not cover a large area, but artistic techniques and methods of gardening are used to simulate natural scenery by integrating pavilions with spring, stones, flowers and trees, creating an ideal space of “forest in city” and “being close to nature in the busy city”.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 园内的主体建筑为大报恩延寿寺，并有一条长达700多米的长廊，其建筑与装饰绘画都相当精彩，具有艺术价值。

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is the Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is a Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 慈禧并不了解油画，绘制宫廷画像又有无数陈规，这给卡尔造成了许多困扰，她既不能选择背景，也不能自由安排构图。

Cixi did not know oil painting and the royal portrait was subject to numerous stereotypes，thus posing Carl a lot of difficulties. She could neither choose the background nor arrange the composition freely. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Cixi didn't know much about oil painting and there were countless stereotypes for royal portraits resulted in difficulties for Carl. She culd neither choose the background nor arrange the composition. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.汉宫殿突出雄伟、威严的气势，后苑和附属建筑却又表现出雅致、玲珑的柔和之美，这与秦相比显然又有了很大的艺术进步。

The Palace in the Han Dynasty stood out with its majesty while the backyards and annexes are more elegant and exquisite, which have made outstanding artistic progress compared with Qin Dynasty.

2.我国园林，有着悠久的历史，它那“虽由人作，宛自天开”的艺术原则，那融传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

The garden in China enjoys a long history, whose artistic principle of "with natural beauty though made by man" and feature of "combination of traditional arts, literature, calligraphy and painting, sculpture and craft" make it unique among the world gardens.

3.当游人步入颐和园仁寿门，一眼便可以看到这块“寿星石”，巨石仿佛一位饱经风霜的老人，迎接着清晨的日出与瑰丽的晚霞。

When travellers walked into the Renshou gate, what salutes their eyes directly is this "Longevity stone", which seems like a weather-beaten old man, waiting for the early morning sunrise and glorious sunset.

4.她曾以揣度一位七旬老人的心态去接近慈禧，却在年龄之外，感受到一种旺盛的、孜孜不倦的好胜之心……

She once approached Cixi out of the purpose of trying to figure out what a-seventy-year-old woman is like but came to find a kind of vigorous and tireless eagerness to win inside her.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1.Traditional Chinese buildings have tile roofs with swooping eaves.

中国传统建筑的屋檐瓦屋顶呈弧形。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese garden is a good example of Chinese ancient architecture, including temples, pagodas, and pavilions besides.

中国园林是中国古代建筑的典范，除了寺庙，宝塔和凉亭。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palaces are large and well-preserved park in the north of Beijing.

颐和园是北京北部一个保存完好的大型公园。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 因为建筑源于人类的需求和愿望，所以它可以清楚地传达文化价值。在所有的视觉艺术中，建筑最直接地影响了我们的生活，因为它在很多方面决定了我们生存的环境特征。

Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicate cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Because architecture derives from human needs and desires, it clearly conveys cultural values.Of all visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly because it determines in many ways the environmental characteristics of our existence. --[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:29, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
2. 石头和假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some large stones form scenery of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Stones and rockery space are the main characteristics of gardens in southern China. Odd-shaped stones often have eye-catching ripple lines and water holes. The huge stones can form a scene by themselves, while the smaller stones are piled up to form a rockery, adding incomparable charm to the garden.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1:修建在崇山峻岭之上、蜿蜒万里的长城，是人类建筑史上的奇迹。
Built on the high mounytains and winding thousands of miles, the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of architecture,--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall, built on the steep mountains and winding for miles and miles, is a miracle in the history of human architecture.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall,built on the lofty mountains and winding thousands of miles, is a miracle in the history of architecture.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:48, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

2：在古典园林中，中国园林有皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林、风景园林；西方古典园林有规则式园林与自然风致园。
Thg Chinese classical garden is classified into loyal garden, private garden,temple garden and landscape garden, while the western garden into regular style and natural style one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

In classical gardens, Chinese gardens include royal gardens, private gardens, monastery gardens, and landscape gardens; Western classical gardens include regular gardens and naturalistic gardens.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3：颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

Besides the Forbbiden City, the Summer Palace was also the most important political and diplomatic activity center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty,as well as a significant witness of modern Chinese history and the site of important historical events.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the late Qing rulers outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness to China's modern history and the site of many important historical events.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:03, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、从庄严雄伟的宫殿坛庙到粉墙黛瓦的江南园林，从多姿多彩的民居村落到雪域高原的辉煌寺庙，这些传统建筑以其悠久的历史传承高超的营建技术和独特的艺术魅力，在世界建筑史上独树一帜、自成体系。

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious monasteries locating at snowy plateau, such traditional Chinese buildings inherit through their long histories superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, which makes them develop a unique school in world architectural history. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious pagodas on the snowy plateau, these traditional Chinese buildings, with their long history, superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, have emerged unique and self-contained in world architecture.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2、师法自然，融于自然，顺应自然，表现自然——这是中国古代园林体现“天人合一”民族文化所在，是独立于世界之林的最大特色，也是永具艺术生命力的根本原因。

Learning from nature, being harmony with nature, conforming to nature and representing nature are the embodiment of national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature" in Chinese ancient garden which is the greatest characteristic for Chinese ancient garden to be independent of world garden and also the root reason for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Learning from nature, being in harmony with nature, following the law of nature and illustrating nature—this is where the ancient Chinese garden embodies the national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature", the most distinctive characteristic among other counterparts in the world and also the root for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，也是中国最后一座皇家园林，园区主要由万寿山、昆明湖两大风景区组成。

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last royal garden in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last one in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4、1905年，慈禧为改善其国际形象，授意美国艺术家凯瑟琳·卡尔为她创作肖像，并将此画赠予美国总统西奥多·罗斯福，以表示她对美国人民的友好。

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, inspired an American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and then send it to American president Theodore Rovers to show her goodwill to American people.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, commissioned the American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and presented it to the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to show her goodwill to the American people.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Grosheva, Anna==

1. Some Chinese buildings feature balconies covered with elaborate iron and woodwork.
一些中国建筑的阳台上覆盖着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

一些中国建筑的特点是阳台上装饰着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:51, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. In the garden, rocks, ancient trees and flowers present a harmonious picture.
在花园中，岩石，古树和鲜花呈现出和谐的画面。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Summer Palace blends rocks, trees, lakes, pavilions, paths, and bridges creating a poetic imperial garden.
颐和园融合了岩石，树木，湖泊，凉亭，小路和桥梁，形成了诗意的皇家花园。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.中国古建筑在建筑与环境的配合和协调方面有着很高的成就，有许多精辟的理论与成功的经验。古人不仅考虑建筑物内部环境主次之间、相互之间的配合与协调，而且也注意到它们与周围大自然环境的协调。
Chinese ancient architecture has a high degree of achievement in the coordination and harmony between architecture and the environment, and has many insightful theories and successful experiences. The ancients not only considered the coordination and harmony between the internal environment of buildings, but also the harmony between them and the surrounding natural environment.

2. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional gardening art, Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, based on the surrounding landscape environment, full of the magnificent splendor of China's royal gardens, but also full of natural interest, highly reflects the "though made by man, as if from the sky" of gardening guide lines.

3.简单的说，中国建筑类型中，园林包含了最多的文人智慧、情感。我们也可以从文人参与的诗文和绘画角度——这些关乎造园立意的角度——去观察园林发展的历史

Simply put, among Chinese architectural types, gardens contain the most literary wisdom and emotion. We can also look at the history of the development of gardens from the perspective of poetry and painting, which were involved in the literati's participation in the creation of gardens.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.1949年中华人民共和国建立后，中国建筑进入新的历史时期，大规模、有计划的国民经济建设，推动了建筑业的蓬勃发展。中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, whether in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution or in level of modernization ,modern Chinese architecture has broken through those of the limitations in modern times, taking on a new look.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, today's Chinese architecture has broken through those limitations of modern times' architecture in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution as well as the level of modernization , taking on a new look.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国的园林建筑在世界园林史上享有盛名。在3000多年前的周朝，中国就有了最早的宫廷园林。此后，中国的都城和地方著名城市无不建造园林,在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of Landscape Architecture of the world. Early over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of World Landscape Architecture. Over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were the earlest imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and rich connotations.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观 ,因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 05:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers away from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the late Qing Dynasty.It is not only listed on the World Heritage Sites but also one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.传统中国建筑在将空间单位联成一体时遵循的是平衡与对称的原则。

The combinations of units of space in traditional Chinese architecture follow the principles of balance and symmetry.

2.中国园林可分为御花酬私家花园两类，有时人们也会加上风景园林。御花园都在北方，私家花园则多见于南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京三地最多。

Chinese gardens can be divided into two categories, the imperial the private, and sometimes landscape gardens are considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.

Chinese gardens fall into two categories, the imperial ones and the private ones, and sometimes landscape gardens are also considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:56, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛若天开”的造林原则。

As an archetypal garden of the traditional gardening design, the Summer Palace, resorting to its surrounding mountains and water, radiates not only the grandeur of a Chinese imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of the traditional Chinese gardening design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 09:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1.壁画艺术是悠久的中华文明史上的花开奇观之一。自1960年代以来，它被普遍认为是秦始皇的“司马油画”，是陕西咸阳市尧典村发掘的，是古代考古中壁画的开端。

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered the "Sima Painting" of the Qin Dynasty that was unearthed from Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered as the "Sima Painting" of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty that was unearthed at Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 02:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国古典园林的设计试图以微缩的方式再现自然景观，在历史名城苏州的四个园林中，都没有比这更好的例证。

Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the four gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.

3.颐和园是中国最大和最好的皇家花园之一。

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial garden in China.

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial gardens in China.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 10:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

4.凯瑟琳·奥古斯塔·卡尔（Katherine Augusta Carl）是一位美国作家和画家，他在中国寄出了9个月的时间，为慈禧太后画肖像。

Katherine Augusta Carl was an American author and painter who sent nine months in China painting portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi.

==Guo Lu 郭露==

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==

1. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。

2. Buddhism was one of China’s most important religions in the past.

佛教是中国过去最重要的宗教之一。

佛教曾是中国最重要的宗教之一。--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:41, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Traditional architecture is a precious part of the cultural heritage of the Chinese people.

传统建筑是中国人民文化遗产的宝贵组成部分。

4. The Summer Palace is grand in scale and includes the differing styles of famous Chinese gardens.

颐和园规模宏大，包括风格各异的中国著名园林。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.人们走进园林，但见一片丛林，建筑掩映在密林之中，曲折的小路不知通向何方，沿着小路前行，似乎要走到了尽头，但是就在路将行不通处，突然是一个开阔的天地，亭台楼阁，假山泉水，让人不由得一阵惊喜。
1.in the gardens, besides buildings looming behind dense groves of trees, what most frequently meets the eye are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere,as it would appear to new visitors. There, a path seems to end, but of a sudden, a new world is rolled out before you : pavilions,rock formations, spring water-all combining to provide a pleasant surprise!

2.说起四合院，中国南北方都有。南方云南的四合院以白墙黑瓦、彩画、石雕、砖雕的典雅和茂盛的绿植而闻名。北方的四合院以北京的四合院为代表，俨然成为城市的象征。
The courtyard architectural style exists in both southern and northern China. The courtyards of Yunnan in southern China are famous for the elegance of their white walls,black tiles,colorful paintings,and stone and brick carving in addition to lush green foliage. Courtyard in the north are represented by the siheyuan in Beijing,a symbol of the city.

3.颐和园无论在园林设计还是建筑上，都是中国古典建筑的一座丰碑。它借用周围景观的景色，不仅散发出皇家园林的气势，而且将自然之美完美结合，最能体现中国传统园林设计的指导思想，即 "天工开物，人杰地灵"。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: “The works of men should match the works of Heaven”. --[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:06, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.园林建筑既要满足各种园林活动和使用上的要求，又是园林景物之一；既是物质产品，也是艺术作品。但园林建筑给人精神上的感受更多。因此，艺术性要求更高，除要求具有观赏价值外，还要求富有诗情画意。
Garden architecture should not only meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also be one of the landscape objects; it is not only a material product, but also an artistic work. But landscape architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the requirement of artistry is higher, which requires not only ornamental value, but also poetic and picturesque.
2.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。
Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.
3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The summer palace is the most important political and diplomatic center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 中国古代建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到商朝(公元前16世纪-公元前771年)。它有自己的结构和布局原则。经过长期的发展，聪明的中国劳动人民创造了许多建筑奇迹。

1. Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). It has its own principles of structure and layout. Through the long development, many architectural wonders have created by clever Chinese labouring people.

2. 中国的私家园林是中国园林文化的杰作，它的贡献甚至超过皇家园林--它们都受中国传统哲学文化思想的影响并将人、自然个建筑结合在一起。

2. China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, the contribution of its even more than the royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical culture ideas and combine people, nature and architecture.

2.The private gardens in China are masterpieces of Chinese garden culture, and their contribution is even more than that of royal gardens. They are influenced by Chinese traditional philosophy and culture and combine human and natural buildings together.

3. 颐和园的英文名称"Summer Palace", 意思是这里是皇帝在夏大的居住之地—一个离城不远、位与乡村的、供帝王后妃们逍遥游乐的紫禁城。

3. As its name implies，the Summer Palace was used as a summer residence by China's imperial rulers--as a retreat from the main imperial palace now known as the Palace Museum or Forbidden City-a pleasureground in the countryside，yet near to the city.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:11, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

南朝建筑遗物无存，也不如北朝建筑能从敦煌壁画及佛教石窟得知其形像，只能从少量墓葬壁画及经百济传於日本的飞鸟样间接推断其形像。

Unlike architectures in the North Dynasty, whose image could be found in the Dunhuang murals and some Buddhist caves, there are no surviving relics of architectures in the South Dynasty and can only be infeered form a small number of tomb paintings and bird-like figures transmitted to Japan via Baekje.

北方园林模仿江南，早在明代中叶已见端倪。北京西北郊海淀镇一带，北京皇家园林，湖泊罗布，泉眼特多，官僚贵戚们纷纷在这里买地造园，其中不少即有意识的模仿江南水乡的园林风貌。

The northern gardening began to imitate the style of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the imperial gardens in northwest suburb of Haidian Town, where lies numerous lakes and springs, and a handful of bureaucrats and aristocrats have bought land here to build gardens, many of whose style are of the style in the south of the Yangtze River.

1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，对故宫建筑进行了大规模的修缮，同时整理出大量的文物。1961年国务院颁布故宫为全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City has undergone a large scale of restoration while sorted out a number of relics after the foundation of the Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council has designated the Forbidden City as the protection cultural relics at the national level.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Forbidden City was renovated on a large scale and many cultural relics were sorted out. In 1961,it was included as a national key cultural relic by the State Council.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

慈禧一生中领导过两次改革，第一次是洋务运动，第二次是清末新政，前者是物质层面上的变革，后者是体制层面上的变革。

Cixi has led two reform in total in her life, the first one was the Westernization Movement and the second the new Policy Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, and the former one is a material one, the later institutional one.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:48, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Cixi led two reforms in her life:the Westernization Movement and the New policy Reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The former is a material change, while the latter is institutional. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 建筑指的是规划、设计和修建建筑物及其他实体结构的过程或其产物。实体结构的建筑物经常被认为是文化标志和艺术结晶。

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是指在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段，通过改造地形、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域。园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等。

Gardens refer to the aesthetic nature environment and play area, which are created by transforming terrain, planting trees, flowers and grasses, constructing architecture, setting paths and so on with certain engineering technology of regional application and means of artistic expression. And gardens consist of yards, private gardens, small gardens, flower gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etcetera.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国清朝时期皇家园林，位于北京西郊，5A级国家景区。颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。

The Summer Palace, a national 5A level tourist attraction, is a Chinese royal garden in Qing dynasty, situated in the western suburbs of Beijing. Based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, it is a large-scale landscape garden with the West Lake in Hangzhou as its blueprint and the design techniques of gardens in regions south of the Yangtze River. The Summer Palace is the most well-preserved imperial palace for temporary stay, which is regarded as the "museum of imperial gardens". Besides, it's also a major tourist attraction in China.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is a royal garden during the Qing Dynasty, located in the western suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden built on the site of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake and drawing on the design techniques of the gardens of the south of the Yangtze River, and is also the best-preserved royal palace.It is also a key national tourist attraction.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:11, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1.滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的12米高台座，分为两级。台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”格式，即从外面看是三层带回廊建筑，而内部却有七层，就是三个明层，三个暗层，加屋顶中的设备层。

The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has a net height of 57.5 meters and covers an area of 13,000 square meters. The lower part is a 12-meters-high pedestal which symbolizes the ancient city wall, and it is divided into two levels. The main pavilion above the pedestal adopts the format of "Seeming three but actually seven", that is, from the outside, it seems like a three-story building with cloisters, while the interior has seven floors, three outer floors and three inner floors, plus the equipment floor in the roof.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.东园是利用蒋桃园废墟，古城墙遗址和内城河，通过人工改造而成。原内城河挖成辽阔的水面，在绵延的古城遗址上广植花木，构成了以山水为主景观的新型现代园林。

The East Garden was artificially reconstructed from the ruins of Jiangtaoyuan, the ruins of the ancient city wall and the inner artificial city river. The original inner city river was dug into a vast water surface, and flowers and trees were widely planted on the ancient city ruins, forming a new modern garden with mountains and waters as the main landscape.
--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
3.苏州街又称“买卖街”，是后湖两岸仿江南水镇而建。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。

Suzhou Street, also known as "Trading Street", was built on both sides of Back Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. During Qingyi Garden period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are all eunuchs and maids who dressed up.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==

1.故宫外朝，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

The Palace Museum faces outwards, its buildings are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.

The Imperial Palace, solemn and magnificent, facing towards the outside, is famed as the quintessence of ancient Chinese architecture art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Imperial Palace facing outwards are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林建筑是园林景观中必不可少的要素,满足不同群体休憩、游览、集会等功能需求。古典园林建筑有成熟的营造理论和审美情趣,承载着多彩的民族文化和精神内涵。

Garden architecture is an indispensable element in the garden landscape, meeting the functional needs of different groups such as rest, tour, and assembly. Classical garden architecture has mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, and carries colorful national culture and spiritual connotation.

Garden architecture, as an indispensable of garden landscapes, meets the functional needs of different groups including rest, sightseeing, and gathering and so on. Classical garden architecture, with mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, carries abundant national cultures and spiritual connotations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Garden architecture is an essential element in landscape, to meet the needs of different groups of rest, tour, assembly and other functions. Classical garden architecture has a mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, bearing a colorful national culture and spiritual connotation. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, originally named Qingyi Yuan, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. Covering about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), it's 15 kilometers away from the city, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:39, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、当代建筑领域里，把使用木材和传统施工方法，按照传统样式建成的建筑叫做“古建”。把使用混凝土或者钢材或其他建筑材料，并且使用现代建筑施工方法和施工工艺，模仿古建筑形式的建筑叫“仿古建”。

In the field of contemporary architecture, buildings were built in accordance with traditional styles and using wood and traditional construction methods are called "ancient architecture".then the buildings were constracted by concrete or steel or other materials and using modern building construction methods and construction techniques, those imitated the ancient form of architecture is called "archaizing".

2、园林是传统中国文化中的一种艺术形式，受到传统"礼乐"文化影响很深。通过地形、山水、建筑群、花木等作为载体衬托出人类主体的精神文化。

Garden is an art form in traditional Chinese culture, which is deeply influenced by traditional "rites and music" culture.using topography, landscape, architectural complex, flowers and trees as the carrier to foil the spiritual culture of the human subject.

3、1900年园内建筑及文物遭八国联军破坏，1902年修复。颐和园尽管大体上全面恢复了清漪园的景观，但很多质量上有所下降。许多高层建筑由于经费的关系被迫减矮，尺度也有所缩小。

In 1900, the buildings and cultural relics of the park were destroyed by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and restored in 1902.Although the Summer Palace has largely restored the landscape of the Garden of qingyi, many of its features have been degraded.Also many high-rise buildings are forced to be reduced due to the cost, the scale has also been reduced.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 14:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1．建筑不仅仅是技术科学，而且是一种艺术。中国古代建筑经过长时期的努力，同时吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺美术等造型艺术的特点，创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After a long period of hard work, Chinese ancient architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional Chinese arts, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, creating rich and colorful artistic images.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. 我国地域广大，东西南北的气候地理条件及物产各不相同，因而园林也常常表现出较明显的地方特性。
China has a vast territory, and its climate, geographical conditions and products are different from each other in the East, West, North and south. So its gardens show obvious local features.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

China has a vast territory with different climate, geograpgical conditions and products in the east, west, north and south. Thus its gardens often show obvious local characteristics. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 01:53, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Our country(I'm sorry but 我国 is probably have another meaning? Correct me if I'm wrong) has a vast territory with various climate, geographical conditions and products which are different from east to west, north to south, so gardens often show obvious local characteristics.

3.颐和园，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊, 占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米）。
The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburb of Beijing， covering an area of 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers).--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
1. 我国由于经历了漫长的封建社会，历代帝王为了满足其骄奢淫逸的生活和维护其统治的威严，往往大兴土木，营建各种宫室殿堂。中国古代建筑经过长期发展，吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺等造型艺术的特点。

Due to the long fedual society, emperors in ancient China used to build palaces to maintainn the majesty of their rule and to satidfy their luxurious life. After a long history of development, ancient Chinese architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts, including painting, carving and crafts and other plastic arts. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，且中国古典园林的精华则集中在江南地区。园林都是为满足封建统治阶级的享乐生活而建，因此在园林布置的艺术手法上有许多共同之处。中国古典园林的园景上主要是模仿自然，即用人工的力量来建造自然的景色。

China is home to many famous classical gardens, of which the Southern Gardens are essence. Gardens are built to satisfy the luxurious needs of fedual ruling class, resulting in similarities in the artistic techniques of garden layout. In addition, in terms of garden landscape, gardens are built to imitate nature scenery by artificial power. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园是我国保存完好的古典皇家园林，是世界闻名的建筑。颐，意思是颐养天年；和指心平气和。颐和园意为退休老人养老的地方。晚年的慈禧不再干预朝政，为安享晚年才修建了颐和园。

The Summer Palace is a well-preserved and famous classical imperial garden in China. The Chinese character "颐" means living a peaceful life in old age; "和" refers to peace in mind; based on it, the Summer Palace is designated for retired people to enjoy their lives. The Empress Dowager Cixi stopped interfering in government affairs in her later years and build the Palace to enjoy life.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 后人对慈禧的评价极具争议。在她统治的47年间，中国蒙受了无穷尽的屈辱和苦难，但她也有一些贡献。为挽救清王朝的统治，慈禧发动了清末新政，废除了科举制度。

Cixi is a controversial historical figure. During her 47 years in power, China suffered endless humiliations, but it can't be denied that she also has something to offer. For example, in order to maintain the majesty of the Qing Dynasty, she initiated the New Deal and abolished the imperial examination system.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1.中国传统建筑不仅重自然的山林风水，也重人工的山林风水，让人工的与自然的协调，院内的与院外的衔接，造成“天上人间”之境，使人产生“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”的心旷神怡之感。

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial landscape,so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature,coupled with the connection inside and outside the courtyard,jointly create a cumstance of “paradise on the earth”,which makes a relaxed and happy feeling of “There is the essence of life here,but it is beyond my words.”

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial one, so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature, coupled with the connection of the inside and outside courtyard, jointly create an atmosphere of “paradise on the earth”, which brings a relaxed and happy feeling of “there is the essence of life here, but it is beyond my words.”--Ouyang Ling

2.苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统、地方风俗的一种象征和浓缩，展现了中国文化的精华，在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。

The Chinese philosophy,history and cultural customs contained in the classical gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical tradition and local customs in Jiangnan,which has a unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s gardening.

The Chinese philosophy, history and cultural customs contained in the ancient gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical traditions and folk customs in Jiangnan, which has an unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s garden-building.--Ouyang Ling

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty outside the Forbidden City.It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.

The Summer Palace is the most important center for the supreme rulers to hold political and diplomatic activities in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.--Ouyang Ling

4.慈禧太后是中国历史的帝制时代中少数长期当政的女性，其政治手腕堪称干练，尤其擅长操弄亲贵朝臣之间的权力平衡以维系自身的绝对权威。清朝因为她的能力而续命数十年。

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who have been in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history.She is experienced in political activities and particularly skillful in balancing the power of the courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authorrity.The Qing dynasty has continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 15:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who were in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history. She was an experienced politician who was particularly skillful in balancing the power of the imperial relatives and courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authority. The Qing Dynasty continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Ouyang Ling

==Liu Ou 刘欧==
1.大雁塔建于唐长安城晋昌坊(今陕西省西安市南)的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”，今存。塔高64米，塔身枋、斗拱、栏额均为青砖仿木结构。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典而建造的一座五层砖塔。

The Great Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the Great Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang (now south of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high.Its tower body, dougong, and fence are all blue brick and wood-like structures. Master Xuanzang built the five-story brick tower to enshrine Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit scriptures brought back from India.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林是中国古典园林的杰出代表，它特色鲜明地折射出中国人的自然观和人生观。

Gardens south of the Yangtze River are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden.It was list in "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, it is both closed and open; both artificial and natural, can overlooking flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, has become the ancients "unity of nature and man" concept is another performance, but also reflects the Chinese are both subtle and introverted, and pioneering national character.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, which is both closed and open, both artificial and natural. Standing on it, people can overlook flowers and trees and look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, which is another manifestation of the ancient people's concept of "harmony between man and nature". It also reflects the national character of Chinese people, which is both introverted and enterprising.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2、其次，要考虑到植物的色彩和组合的形式美。花园中常利用花坛、花台、花缘和花丛以集中表现观赏植物的丰富多彩，以及植株姿态和叶形的对比调和。要重视草坪和地被植物的种植，避免露土。

Secondly, it is important to consider the beauty of the color and form of the plant combinations. Flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used in gardens to focus on the variety of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Emphasis should be placed on planting lawns and groundcovers and avoiding open soil.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Secondly, we should consider the color of plants and the formal beauty of plant combinations. In gardens, flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used to show the richness of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Attention should be paid to the planting of lawns and ground cover plants so as to avoid soil exposure.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园鼎盛时期，规模宏大，占地面积2.97平方公里（293公顷），主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成，其中水面占四分之三（大约220公顷）。园内建筑以佛香阁为中心，园中有景点建筑物百余座、大小院落20余处。

In Summer Palace's heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares), consisting mainly of two parts, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which three-fourths (about 220 hectares) is water. The architecture of the garden is centered on the Buddha Fragrance Pavilion, and there are more than a hundred attractions and buildings, and more than 20 large and small courtyards in the garden.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's modern architecture has made breakthrough beyond the limitations of modern times in quantity, scale, type, regional distribution and modernization level, showing a brand-new image.
大型园林不但摹仿自然山水，而且还集仿各地名胜于一园，形成园中有园、大园套小园的风格。
Large gardens not only imitate natural scenery, but also follow the example of the styles of famous places from all over the world in one garden, thus, one garden enjoys various styles.
颐和园和圆明园，虽然是北方皇家园林，但去过颐和园或看过圆明园复原图的人一定会发现：这两处园子有着浓浓的江南风情。
Imperial gardens in the north as the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace are, those who have been to the Summer Palace or have seen the restoration blueprints of the Old Summer Palace will definitely find that these two gardens boast a strong southern style.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 11:05, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 中国的建筑师们把印度佛塔的圆形与中国传统楼亭建筑方式相结合，从而使中国古塔形成自己的独特风格。

The ancient Chinese pagoda took on its own distinct style when architects combined the features of circular Indian Buddhist pagodas with those of traditional Chinese pavilions and towers.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2 明代江南十分富庶，人们对居住环境有了更高的审美追求。文人巨贾聚集苏州，打造自己审美的后花园，将自然景观、文化与艺术融入到园林中。

It is during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), when southern Chinese area, known as Jiangnan area, became prosperous in economy that people, especially the scholars, officials and merchants there started to pursuit a better living condition. They built their own gardens, trying to combine the natural landscape, culture and art into them. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3 颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年（1750），咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年（1886），清廷挪用海军经费等款项于1886年开始重建。

The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4 当慈禧看到摄影比画像更快捷、更方便，且照片几乎是真实的，关于摄影是冒犯和可耻的想法开始改变。她变得对摄影如此感兴趣和好奇，她想尽快探索摄影的秘密。

When Cixi saw that photography was faster and more convenient than portrait painting and that the photo was almost real, the idea that photography was offensive and disgraceful began to change. She became so interested and curious about photography that she wanted to explore the secret of photography as soon as possible. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1.中国古代建筑与欧洲、阿拉伯建筑一起，是世界建筑体系的重要组成部分。
Together with European and Arabian architecture, ancient Chinese architecture is an important component of the world architectural system.

1. Ancient Chinese architecture, as well as European and Arab architecture, is an important part of the world architecture system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林是经过三千多年的发展而形成的一种园林风格。
The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years.

3.1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入世界遗产名录。
In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 12:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

中国各地的居住建筑，又称民居。居住建筑是最基本的建筑类型，是出现最早、分布最广的建筑群落。由于中国各地区的自然环境和人文情况不同，各地民居也显现出多样化的面貌。

Residential buildings all over China are also called folk houses. Residential building is the most basic building type. It is the earliest and the most widely distributed building communities. Due to the diversity of the local environment and human environment, the residential houses in China also show various features.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

园林植物生产是国民经济的重要组成部分，城市生态、园林景观、城乡环境的绿化美化更是国家建设的重中之重。因此，园林专业是造福人类、前景无限的专业。

The production of garden plants is an important part of the national economy. The greening and embellishment of urban ecology, landscape and urban and rural environment is the most important for national construction. Therefore, landscape architecture benefits mankind and has unlimited prospects.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palace and garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.园中花窗、虚虚实实、漏而不尽、诱人探幽。

The floral windows in the garden show a faint silhouette.Some parts of them are exposed yet not the all,which entices visitors to explore the hidden world behind that.

2. 颐和园古式建筑走廊，它遮荫蔽雨、休息、联系交通，组织景观、分隔空间、增加风景层次。

In the Summer Palace,there are numerous classical corridors.They are not only desirable places of shelter and rest,but also act as pivots of roads in different directions and connectors of different scenic spots.In addition,they can serve as space dividers,which is able to amplify the levels of scenery.

3. 比较重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上，次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上，北京故宫的组群布局和北方的四合院是最能体现庭院式布局原则的典型实例。

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on each side array the subordinate houses on the horizontal axis . The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:43, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on horizontal axis array the subordinate houses. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:20, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==
1. 中国故宫别称是紫禁城，占地72万多平方米，有楼宇8000余间，建筑面积15万平方米。故宫是明、清两代的皇宫，是我国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。
The Forbidden City of China, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters with more than 8,000 buildings, and has a construction area of 150,000 square meters. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most complete group of ancient buildings in China.

2. 颐和园原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园，又称清漪园，以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，按照江南园林的设计手法建造，是我国现存规模非常大，保存非常完整的皇家园林，景色极具优雅，还有很多珍贵的文物，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。
The Summer Palace was originally the palace and garden of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, also known as Qingyi Garden. It is located on the land of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. It is built in accordance with the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is a very large-scale and very well-preserved royal garden in China. It is elegant and has many precious cultural relics. It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum".

3. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。
Chinese classical garden art refers to the forms of Chinese landscape gardens represented by private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and royal gardens in the north. Among the traditional Chinese architecture, the classical garden is a unique architecture with major achievements.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1.宫殿建筑又称宫廷建筑，是皇帝为了巩固自己的统治，突出皇权的威严，满足精神生活和物质生活的享受而建造的规模巨大、气势雄伟的建筑物。

Palace buildings, as known as imperial buildings, are large-scale and majestic. They were constructed for the emperors to consolidate their reign, stress their dignified power and bring spiritual enjoyment and material comfort.

2. 园林是一种理想化的生活环境，是优美高雅的的艺术形式，能陶冶人的情操，净化人们的内心世界。人们也可以通过园林来实现对美的追求、抒发情怀，因此园林还具有更深的文化意义。

Garden is an ideal environment to live in, and as a form of art, it can uplift the mind and spirit and purify the inner world of people. By building gardens people intends to pursue the beauty and express the thoughts and feelings, thereby adding a profound cultural meaning on them.

3. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣。

The Summer Palace represents the highest development of traditional garden-building art. With Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake constituting the general view, the Summer Palace was landscaped by surrounding mountains and waters, presenting a majestic and sumptuous mood and full of delights of nature.

4. 慈禧执政48年中，对于政务掌握相当严格，即使在病中亦然，在她统治中国近半个世纪的时间里，一直勉励维系并且牢牢掌控着中央集权帝国的局面，中国因得免于陷入割据乱局。

During the 48-year reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi, she firmly grasped the powers in political affairs and did so even when she fell ill. In the nearly half-century reign, she diligently ruled China as a centralized empire and kept it from being torn apart by forces.--Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.国家体育场（鸟巢）位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区南部，为2008年北京奥运会的主体育场。工程总占地面积21公顷，场内观众坐席约为91000个。举行了奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛。

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is located in the southern part of the central area of the Beijing Olympic Park. It was the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The total height of the project is 21 miles, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats in the venue. Track and field matches and football match finals.

Located in the southern of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The project covers a total area of 21 hectares, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals were held there.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.承德避暑山庄，又名“承德离宫”或“热河行宫”，是世界文化遗产、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位、中国四大名园之一。山庄位于河北省承德市中心北部，武烈河西岸一带狭长的谷地上，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。

Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Chengde Ligong" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of China's four famous gardens. The villa is located in the narrow valley on the west bank of the Wulie River in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei province. It was a place for the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to escape the summer heat and deal with government affairs.
The Mountain Resort is divided into four parts: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in November 1998. "World Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 11:00, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-中国古代著名建筑- 紫禁城,天坛,钱陵,古城墙,大雁塔。

Famous Ancient Chinese Buildings-The Forbidden City,Temple of Heaven,Qian Mausoleum,Ancient City Wall,Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

2-中日花园的主要区别在于，与日式花园相比，中式花园往往更为大胆，充满异国情调，具有观赏性，并且在整个公园般的环境中具有更多的建筑和结构，而日式花园则总体上较为柔和，朴素和简约。

The main difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens is that Chinese gardens tend to be more bold, exotic, ornamental, and have more architecture and structures throughout a park-like setting, compared to Japanese gardens which tend to be more subdued, austere and minimalist overall.

3-1888年，颐和园获得了现今的中文名称，即颐和园，并作为慈禧太后的避暑胜地。 1900年，它被八国联军摧毁。 1912年，它被重建为清朝（1644-1912）的最后一幕。

In 1888, the Summer Palace was given its present-day Chinese name, Yihe Yuan, and served as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers. In 1912, it was rebuilt as one of the final acts of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

4-凯瑟琳·卡尔（Katharine Carl）是美国肖像画家和作家。她在美国，欧洲和亚洲创作了著名的皇家人物的画作。
Katharine Carl was an American portrait painter and author. She made paintings of notable and royal people in the United States, Europe and Asia.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.中国的建筑艺术是中华文明树上一个特别美丽的分支。木柱梁，门和接缝组成了房屋的框架。
China's architectural art is a particularly beautiful branch in the tree of Chinese Civilization. Wooden posts beams, lintels and joints make up the framework of a house.
2.这个颐和园是北京的湖泊，花园，宝塔，大厅和宫殿的大集合。那是清朝的御花园。
This summer palace is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, pagodas,halls and palaces in Beijing. It was an Imperial Gardens in the Qing dynasty.
3.中国园林风格是一道风景线，在中国文化中源远流长。那里既有中国皇帝的广阔花园，又有为娱乐而建的皇室成员。
The Chinese Garden style is a landscape, It has a long history in Chinese culture. Where includes both the vast Gardens of the Chinese Emperors And members of the Imperial family built for pleasure.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 03:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

China, a country vast in territory and rich in resources, boasts a long history of architecture art. Architectures in different regions are different in artistic style, but have something in common in complex arrangement, space, structure, building material and decorative art. Distinguished from western architecture, Chinese architecture is well-known around the world.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. It offers a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, and is significant for Chinese traditional cultural inheritance.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. Since ancient times, It has offered a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, which contributes a lot to the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:24, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部海淀区,距市中心约15公里,原为清代的行宫花园,其名为“颐养太和”之义。园中的长廊、石舫、佛香阁、宝云阁、大戏楼、十七孔桥、玉带桥等建筑堪称世界建筑文化中的珍品。

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, and it’s about 15 kilometers away from downtown. As a former palace garden of the Qing dynasty, it’s name means “keep supreme harmony”. Many buildings in the garden, including the Long Corridor，Marble Boat，Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha, Tower of Precious Cloud, Grand Opera Tower, Seventeen Arch Bridge and Jade Belt Bridge, can be called as world architecture art treasures.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4.美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯(克姑娘)。20世纪初曾创了两项空前绝后的世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two world records: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two unparalleled world records in early 20 century: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the Chinese palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:30, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. The Chinese garden has a long history.
中国园林历史悠久。
2. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.
中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。
3. The park is the most beautiful part of the Summer Palace.
公园是颐和园最美丽的部分.
4. Carl describes Cixi as a kind and considerate woman for her station.
卡尔将慈溪形容为一个善良而体贴的女士。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 13:14, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1The architecture of the dwelling-houses is exceedingly heavy, giving them the appearance of great age.
2The little girl pretended that the tiny ceramic gnome in her garden protected the vegetables from hungry neighborhood cats.
3In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.
1住宅的建筑非常沉重，使它们看起来很老旧.
2小女孩假装她花园里的陶瓷小侏儒保护蔬菜免受饥饿的邻家猫的侵害.
3 1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入其世界遗产名录。它宣布颐和园“是中国园林设计的杰作.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 13:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1.四合院，又称四合房，是中国的一种传统合院式建筑，其格局为一个院子四面建有房屋，从四面将庭院合围在中间，故名四合院。

Quadrangle, also known as Sihefang, is a traditional Chinese courtyard architecture, its pattern is a courtyard built on all sides of houses, with courtyard enclosed in it, so it is named Siheyuan.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州古典园林历史绵延2000余年，在世界造园史上有其独特的历史地位和价值，她以写意山水的高超艺术手法，蕴含浓厚的中国传统思想和文化内涵，展示东方文明的造园艺术典范。

With a history of more than 2000 years, the Classical Gardens of Suzhou boast unique historical status and value in the history of world gardening. With the superb artistic technique of freehand brushwork, it contains strong Chinese traditional thoughts and cultural connotation to display the model of oriental civilization gardening art.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace was the paramount political and diplomatic activity center of imperator of the late Qing Dynasty except the Forbidden City. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the site of many historical events.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==
1.清代的都城北京城基本保持了明朝时的原状，城内共有20座高大、雄伟的城门，气势最为磅礴的是内城的正阳门。因沿用了明代的帝王宫殿，清代帝王兴建了大规模的皇家园林，这些园林建筑是清代建筑的精华，其中包括华美的圆明园与颐和园。
Beijing city, the capital in the Qing Dynasty kept what it was in the previous dynasty. It had 20 towering and impressive gates, among which the most imposing one was Zhengyang Gate in inner areas. To match with the imperial palace inherited from the Ming Dynasty, Qing emperors built large-scale imperial gardens, which were the essence of Qing architecture and included the magnificent Summer Palace.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.屋顶花园不但降温隔热效果优良，而且能美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候，还能丰富城市的俯仰景观，大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率，是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。
A roof garden can not only efficiently lower temperatures and insulate heat, but also can beautify the environment, purify air and improve climate in some areas. Also, it adds to the views of cities and largely increases the plantation covering rate of cities. It is a form of roof that worths promoting.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center of the highest governor of the late Qing Dynasty apart from the Forbidden City. And it witnessed China’s history and a lot of historical events.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==
1.从古代文献记载、绘画中的古建筑一直到现存的古建筑来看，中国古代建筑在平面布局方面有一种简明的组织规律，就是每一处住宅、宫殿、官衙、寺庙等建筑，都是由若干座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成的。
From the ancient buildings recorded in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, there is a concise organizational law in the layout of ancient Chinese buildings, that is, every house, palace, official office, temple and other buildings are surrounded by courtyards built by a number of buildings and a number of corridors,walls,etc .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林意境这个概念的思想渊源可以追溯到东晋到唐宋年间。当时的文艺思潮是崇尚自然，出现了山水诗、山水画和山水游记。
The ideological origin of the concept of garden artistic conception can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, the literary and artistic trend was advocating nature, so the landscape poems, landscape paintings, and landscape travel notes appeared.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国风景园林设计创意艺术的杰出表达，体现了天人合一的和谐理念。
The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The summer palace is an outstanding expression of creative art of Chinese landscape architecture design, which embodies the harmonious concept of harmony between man and nature.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:49, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==
1.北京有无数的胡同。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是展示平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4~10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。

After 3000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, tree, and flowers scattered in it. --[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园位于北京西郊，始建于清朝，是中国规模最大、保存最完好的皇家园林之一。1860年颐和园在战争中遭到严重破坏，1886年开始在原址重修。自1911年清王朝灭亡后，颐和园作为公园一直对外开放。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，园内由宫殿、庙宇、长廊、石桥等100多处富有民族特色的古典建筑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。颐和园内的人工景观与自然山峦、宁静的湖水和谐地融为一体，向游客展示了一幅优美的山水画卷。

Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace, originally constructed in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the largest and best-preserved imperial gardens in China. It was badly damaged during the war in 1860 and the restoration in its original site began in 1886. Since Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911, the Summer Palace has been open to the public as a park. Mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kuming Lake, the Summer Palace is honored as the “Imperial Garden Museum”,with more than 100 classical architectures of ethnic features inside the garden, such as palaces, temples, long corridors and stone bridges. Thee artificial landscape inside the Summer Palace is harmoniously combined with natural hills and peaceful lakes, displaying a beautiful picture of landscape to tourists.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==
1、亭台楼阁，池馆水榭，映在青松翠柏之中；假山怪石，花坛盆景，藤萝翠竹，点缀其间。

Among the pines and cypresses are waterside pavilions and towers, with rockeries, flower beds and bonsai, vines and bamboos, dotted with them.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.大殿的四周，古树参天，绿树成荫，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

With resplendent red walls and yellow tiles, the hall is surrounded by a dense crowd of ancient trees giving green shade.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.朱红的宫墙。一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

Outside the vermillion red palace walls, there is an octagonal pagoda-shaped three-story building stands halfway up the mountainside, yellow glazed tiles glittering. This is the antique Pavilion of Buddhist Incense.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.中式风格是一种以宫廷建筑为代表的中国古典建筑的室内装饰设计艺术风格，气势恢弘、壮丽华贵、高空间、大进深、金碧辉煌。雕梁画柱造型讲究对称，色彩讲究对比，装饰材料以木材为主，图案多龙、凤、龟、狮等。但中式风格的装修造价较高，且缺乏现代气息，只能在家居中点缀使用。Chinese style is a kind of art style of interior decoration design of Chinese classical architecture represented by palace architecture, which is of magnificence and splendor with high space and intensive depth. The carved beams and painted columns focus on the symmetry and its color stresses the contrast, whose decoration material is mainly the wood and patterns are many dragons, phoenixes, turtles, lions and so on. But the decoration cost of Chinese style is rather high. Due to its lack of modern breath, it can only be used in home decoration.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。花园分为东、中、西三部分，东花园开阔疏朗，中花园是全园精华所在，西花园建筑精美。By 2014, Humble Administrator’s Garden,located in the northeast corner of Suzhou city, has still been the largest classical garden there with an area of 78 acres. The park stands with water as its center surrounded by landscape, where there are hall pavilions are exquisite, lush Flowers and trees, with a intensive features of Jiangnan Water. The garden is divided into east, middle and west Parts:the East is open and exclusive,the Middle Garden the essence of the garden and the west elegant buildings.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1949年，中华人民共和国成立后，中国政府十分重视圆明园遗址的保护，先后将其列为公园用地和重点文物保护单位。在“文化大革命”中，遗址虽然遭到过一些破坏，但它毕竟被保住了：整个圆明园的水系山形和园林格局依然存在，近半数的土地成为绿化地带。十几万株树木蔚然成林，多数建筑基址尚可找到，数十处假山叠石仍然可见，西洋楼遗址的石雕残迹颇引人注目。After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government attached great importance to the protection of the site of Yuanmingyuan Garden, which was listed as park land and key cultural relics protection unit. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the whole water mountain shape and garden pattern still exist. Nearly half of the land has become green belt. Hundreds of thousands of trees grow into lush forests. Most of the building sites and dozens of rockeries and stones are still visible. The remains of stone carvings in the Western tower site are quite noticeable and attractive.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
整个故宫规模宏大，极为壮观。仅以宫殿的核心部分紫禁城为例，它东西长760米，南北长960米，占地72万多平方米。

The whole palace museum is grand and spectacular. Take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west, 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720000 square meters.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

The whole Palace Museum is grand and spectacular. Just take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

古典园林中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，多数是明、清两代的遗物。中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

There are many famous classical gardens in China, most of them are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal social and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

There are many famous classical gardens existing in China, most of which are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8th, 2007, the summer palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

On May 8th, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽。
At that time, the front palace of the Forbidden City required a magnificent architectural style, its courtyard should be bright and wide, to symbolize the supremacy of the feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner.

2. 苏州园林博物馆以造园工具、陈设家具、建筑构建等实物为主要载体展示园林的传统造园工艺，并运用了现代科技手段展示古典园林的艺术魅力。
The Suzhou Garden Museum uses garden tools, furnishings, architectural construction and other physical objects as the main carrier to display the traditional gardening crafts of the garden, and uses modern technology to show the artistic charm of classical gardens.

3. 颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 08:51, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The palaces in the front of Forbidden City were required to be majestic and wide, representing the supreme status of feudal regime. Taihe Palace is set in the center of diagonal line of the Palace, with ten auspicious beasts at its each four corners.

2. Suzhou Garden Museum belongs to the traditional art which based on tools, furniture and construction, which also applies modern technology to show its charm.

3. Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center outside Forbidden City in Late Qing Dynasty for leaders, which is also the place witnessing many historical events in modern China. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecturereflects the thought of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the full combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can take most advantages of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

Covering an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecture embodies the phylosophy of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the adequate combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can make most of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

With an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace mainly consists of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.第一座中国风格的建筑主要建于黄河流域附近

1.The first communities that can be identified culturally as Chinese were settled chiefly in the basin of the Huang He (Yellow River).

2.苏州园林建筑群位于中国江苏省苏州市，现已被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。

2. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a group of gardens in Suzhou region, Jiangsu province, China, which have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

2. Located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, the Suzhou garden complex is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 18世纪乾隆皇帝对颐和园进行了大规模扩建与翻修，此前颐和园一直是一座皇家园林

3.The domain had long been a royal garden before being considerably enlarged and embellished by Emperor Qianlong in the 18th century.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 11:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==
1.中国传统建筑，论其结构，不论是皇家的宫苑，还是散见于各地的各类型的建筑，包括民居，其结构特点在世界古代建筑史中都是独一无二的。

In terms of the structure of traditional Chinese architecture, it is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, whether it is royal palaces or various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The structure of traditional Chinese architecture is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, seen in royol palaces as well as various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

Due to the constraints of long-term feudal society and historical conditions, Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:44, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed for the constraints of long term feudual society and historical conditions. Therefore, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The summer palace has been announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, together with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. These four gardens are known as the four famous gardens in China. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, all announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1.庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard ,both closed and open,both artificial and natural,is the basic unit of architecture, in which you can enjoy flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon. It not only becomes an expression of the concept "harmony of the nature and man" , but also reflects that Chinese people are both subtle and introverted, and have pioneering national character.

2.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅美丽的图画。

The successful gardens in Suzhou were of course different from each other, as the designers and craftsmen had their own ideas for the gardens. It seems that the designers and craftsmen were unanimous in their desire to make sure that no matter where the visitor stood, there was always a beautiful picture in front of him.

3.卡尔在京期间，除绘制送往美国的慈禧肖像外，还为慈禧另外画了一些画像。这些画像现收藏在北京故宫博物院。在宫中的日子里，卡尔还画了许多素描，将她看到的宫廷生活场景、光绪后妃、宫女及达官贵人记录下来。与人们从照片上看到的不同，卡尔所画的隆裕皇后很俏丽。

When Carl was in Beijing ，she painted several portraits for Cixi except for the one which should be sent to America.Many of these paintings are collected in Beijing Palace Museum.During her stay at the Forbidden city，she also made sketchs to record the palace life and people like miads，concubines of the late imperor Guangxu and high officals.Unlike the pictures of Queen Liongyu，the portraits of her from Carl were quite beautiful.

4.山区多处园林解放前多遭破坏，但山区景物依旧迷人，在亭子上远眺，山庄的各风景点，山庄外的几座大庙，以及承德市区，周围山上的奇峰怪石。

Many of the gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before the liberation, but the mountain scenery is still charming, and the pavilion overlooks the various scenic spots of the mountain resort, and the several large temples outside the mountain resort, as well as the city of Chengde, and the stangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation on the surrounding hills.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.中国建筑中常用的琉璃材料，寿命长，颜色鲜艳，在阳光下耀眼夺目。其较高的成本，象征着财富和地位。

The coloured glazed commonly used in Chinese architecture are of long life and bright colors, dazzling in the sun. Its high cost stands for wealth and status.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are the best in China, and among them the gardens of Suzhou are the best.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。

The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, drawing on the design techniques of Gardens on the Yangtze Delta. It is the most complete preserved royal garden as well, known as the "Royal Garden Forest Museum".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.中国和西方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授”，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心，宗教寺观处于次要地位。

Unlike Christianity in the West, Buddhism doesn't take a dominant position as a social thought in China. Although both China and the West advocated the doctrine of divine right of kings, the former placed more stress on the divine right of nature and the latter on the right of kings. This difference can be found in architecture: for a long time in the West, temples and churches were the mainstream of buildings; in China, however, palaces and capital cities took primacy over religious buildings.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 万象昭辉是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥，尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

The two-storey tower is in the highest position of the park and offers a full view of the pools, corridors, pavilions and stone bridges inside the park. Outside, high-speed trains flash by along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Railway, which are a reminder of past prosperity and current rapid development.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用。

The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

The summer palace is the concentrated embodiment of Chinese gardening philosophy and practice, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 07:15, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 据《清宫二年记》记载，慈禧每年到秋菊傲霜怒放时，总要摘大朵的菊放入枕袋，置头下就寝。

According to ''Records of the Second Year of the Qing Dynasty'', every year when the autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, Cixi would pick large ones and put them into a pillow bag, and went to sleep with it under her head.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 中国建筑艺术，讲究大门、大窗、大进深、大屋檐，视野开阔，直通自然，充分体现“天人合一”的思想。四角飞檐翘起，或扑朔欲飞，或耸立欲飘，让凝固显得欲动。

Chinese architectural art emphasizes large gates, large windows, great depths, and large eaves, with a wide field of vision and direct access to nature, fully reflecting the idea of "unity of nature and man". The four corners of the eaves are raised, or fluttering to fly, or towering to float, appearing to be dynamic in a static state.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林艺术着重意境的塑造，园林中的山水、植被、建筑以及其组成空间关系，不仅是一种物质环境，而且创造了一种精神氛围。

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood. The landscape, vegetation, architecture and spacial arrangement in the garden constitute not only to a physical environment, but also to a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood, the landscape, vegetation, architecture and its constituent spatial relationships in the garden are not only a physical environment, but also create a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园整体布局以万寿山、昆明湖为主体，湖光山色中亭台楼阁、廊榭舫桥、庙堂殿宇等人文建筑与自然山水艺术地融为一体，恢弘大气、富丽堂皇，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake are the main body of the Summer Palace. Amid natural landscape are the pavilions, galleries, bridges, temples and other humanistic architecture. They mix together to be magnificent and splendid, unique in the history of the world's gardens.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 传统建筑的特点是具有民族色彩和地方色彩。中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。

Traditional architecture is with national and local characteristics. Chinese traditional architecture is the most interesting and direct entity and form of traditional culture and national features in Chinese long history.

Traditional architecture is characterized by its national and local flavors. Chinese Traditionalarchitecture is the most spectacular and intuitive carrier and expression of China's long-established culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2. 我国的园林艺术，如果从殷、周时代算起，到现在为止已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。

Since Yin and Zhou Period, Chinese garden art has more than three thousand history. China is one of the earliest countries to start garden arts, playing an essential role in the world, which embodies with high art level and unique national styles.

3. 颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。
The land area of Summer Palace is 293 hectares, mainly consisting of two parts—Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain. There are over 3000 garden buildings with different styles.

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 buildings of various forms of palaces and gardens, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration areas, living areas and sightseeing areas.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

4. 美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯姑娘。20世纪初曾创了两项世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katherine Carl (1858-1938), called Keguniang(柯姑娘) in Chinese. In 20th century, she had made two world record—the first is that she’s the only foreigner who had stayed in palace for a long time. The second is that she’s the one who painted for concubines, who is still alive. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.就整体而言，重要建筑大都采用均衡对称的方式，以庭院为单元，沿着纵轴线与横轴线进行设计，借助于建筑群体的有机组合和烘托，使主体建筑显得格外宏伟壮丽。民居及风景园林则采用了“因天时，就地利”的灵活布局方式。
On the whole, most important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, with courtyards as units, along the vertical and horizontal axes, and with the help of the organic combination and contrast of the building groups, and the main buildings appear extraordinarily magnificent. The residential buildings and landscape gardens have adopted the flexible layout of "convenient in place according to the weather".--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州园林占地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的空间内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥。
Suzhou gardens occupies a small area, adopts infinitely varied and eclectic artistic techniques, embodies the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry with the taste of Chinese landscapes, flowers and birds, embellishes rockeries and trees in a limited space, and arranges pavilions, ponds and bridges.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.与中央建筑群的纵向轴线相呼应的是横贯山麓、沿湖北岸东西逶迤的“长廊”，共273间，全长728米，这是中国园林中最长的游廊。
Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the promenade that traverses the foothills and runs from east to west along the northern shore. There are 273 corridors with a total length of 728 meters. This is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens.

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
其中，秦朝修建的秦始皇陵及长城、隋朝修建的赵州桥、明清两朝的帝王宫殿紫禁城等至今还在向世人展示着中国古代建筑艺术的独特魅力。
Among them, the Qin Dynasty built the Imperial Tomb and the Great Wall, Sui Dynasty built the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Ming and Qing dynasties imperial palace Forbidden City, and so on are still showing the world the unique charm of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。
China's garden art, to pursue the natural spiritual realm as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the " though by human, Wan from heaven " aesthetic purport.
----

颐和园依山傍水，有万寿山和昆明湖，山光水色，交相辉映，入春后，鲜花盛开，绿树成荫，景色诱人。
The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and rivers . It has Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake . The mountains are bright with water.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==

1、中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermillion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2、中国园林是建筑艺术的一种形式，它在本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山、河流、建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路、室内环境。

Chinese garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 2.9 square kilometers，the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake， three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 05:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区， 1961年被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. It is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction and was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 北方园林，因地域宽广，所以范围较大；又因大多为白郡所在，所以建筑富丽堂皇。

The northern gardens occupies a large area because of their widely-spread; and because most of them are located in the White County, the buildings are magnificent.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

The Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also called the Four Famous Gardens in China along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1. 中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，主要有皇家园林，寺院园林和私家园林。
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 tears ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden
2.今天，在江南和长江沿岸的苏州，扬州等地所见的私家园林多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画，展现出独特的魅力
While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience, scattered in south of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River , the private garden are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3，中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域
Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese garden, which is an important field to understand Chinese architecture.

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.古建筑是一座城市的记忆，是城市历史的见证者，它承载着这座城市的文化积淀。一旦损毁，文物本体及其承载的历史文化信息都将不复存在。

The ancient building is the memory of a city and the witness of its history. It bears the cultural accumulation of the city. Once damaged, the cultural relic itself and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist.

As the memory and the witness of a city, the ancient building bears the cultural accumulation of it. Once damaged, the cultural relic and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.中国园林建筑大体分为私家园林建筑,皇家园林建筑和寺庙园林建筑。以苏州和扬州为代表，两者相比,苏州园林更具文人气质,而扬州的园林则偏于工商和贵气。

In general,Chinese garden architecture is divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. With Suzhou and Yangzhou as the representative, the Suzhou gardens bear the style of literati, while the Yangzhou gardens tend to be commercial and noble.

Chinese garden architecture is roughly divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. Taking
Suzhou and Yangzhou as representatives, the former is more literary, while the latter is more inclined to commercial and luxury styles.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares,mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:21, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.很多建筑都是采用对称设计的，这在中国建筑中非常多见。所以在拍摄这种建筑时，建议寻找完美的对称角度来拍摄，呈现建筑的构造特点和美学特征。

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting this kind of building, it is suggested to find a perfect symmetrical angle to shoot, showing the structural characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting, it is suggested that we find a perfect symmetrical angle, revealing the structural and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中式私家花园要求的不仅仅是植物的种植，而是一种自然环境与人类创造的统一。在中式私家花园里，每一棵树的栽种位置，每一块石头的摆放都有其深意。

Chinese private garden requires not only the planting of plants, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the planting position of each tree and the placement of each stone have its profound meaning.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese private garden requires not only planting, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the position of each tree and the placement of each stone have their profound meaning.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。颐和园规模宏大，布置错杂，我们可以分成后山、前山、东宫门、南湖和西堤等四大部分来了解它的。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale and complicated layout. We can divide it into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale with complicated layout. It can be divided into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城长达10千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。

We must refer to the Great Wall when it comes to Chinese culture. Through about 2200 years from the 7th century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., it was built in 19 dynasties successively, reaching over 10 kilometers in length. Main construction project was carried out in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On March 4th, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of National Priority Cultural Relic Protection Sites, famed as “ Four Great Palaces of China” with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator Garden,Lingering Garden simultaneously. The Summer Palace was listed into ''World Heritage List'' in November 1998, and on May 8th, 2007, it was officially ratified as National 5A Scenic Spots by National Tourism Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace, under the acknowledgement of China World Record Association, was selected as the largest extant royal garden of China.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。

Chinese classical garden art mainly refers to Jiangnan private gardens and North royal gardens. Among all the Chinese traditional buildings, classic gardens boasts unique achievement, which is widely acknowledged as the Mother of the World Gardens, a miracle of the art of the world, and significant heritage of human civilization. The construction technique of Chinese gardens has been adored and imitated by western countries, ushering in “Chinese garden craze” in the occidental world.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
世界上大多数伟大的建筑都是石料建筑，因为石料建筑不仅外形漂亮、持久耐用，而且石头到处可见。在过去，整个城市的建筑物都是从艰苦的石块切割和堆砌发展起来的。
Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and pilling stone upon.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, durability, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组合成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。
The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful integration of diverse elements,ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
The Summer Palace,dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 29 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a varity of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures.Well-known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

中国传统建筑的第四个特点，更加体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。
The fourth feature of Chinese traditional architecture represents the thinking of “ unity of heaven and human beings”, which fits the desire of “returning to nature” of modern people.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。
It has been recognized worldwide as the mother of gardens, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization. The techniques of building gardens have been advocated and imitated by Western countries, raising “a Chinese gardens mania” in those countries.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。
It was a large landscape garden as well as the best preserved royal pavilion which took Kunming Lake, and Wanshou Mountain as base address, and West Lake in Hangzhou as chief source, and drew design methods of gardens in regions south of Yangtze River, known as “royal gardens museum”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

她与慈禧太后的亲密接触，促使她完成了这部稀有之作——为世人真实地展示了没落前的大清帝国谜一般的宫廷暮霭和迷一般的慈禧皇太后的私密生活。
Her close contact with Cixi drove her to finish the precious work, which unveiled royal enigma of the Qing Dynasty before it declined and private life of empress dowager Cixi to the world.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。
Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most splendid and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of Chinese traditional culture with a long history and national characteristics.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form for Chinese long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林区别于世界上其他园林体系的最大特点，在于它不以创造呈现在人们眼前的具体园林形象为最终目的，它追求的是意境。
The biggest feature of Chinese gardens that distinguishes it from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a concrete garden image that is presented to people as its ultimate goal.It pursues artistic conception.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The biggest feature that distinguishes Chinese gardens from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a specific garden image in front of people as its ultimate goal, but rather the pursuit of the mood.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 中国古代建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。
Chinese ancient architectural art is a part of Chinese traditional culture. In the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese ancient architecture has gradually formed its own system and characteristics. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，是人类文明的重要遗产。
Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of world gardens, the wonder of world art, and the important heritage of human civilization. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of gardens in the world, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。
Based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Taking West Lake in Hangzhou as the chief source, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 卡尔对慈禧的第一印象很好，她认为这位太后“看上去非常和善、年轻而又带着迷人笑容”。慈禧对卡尔也甚为满意，称她“柯姑娘”，并安排她住在距颐和园不远的醇亲王别墅，便于她每天早朝后进园画像。
Carl had a good first impression of Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called her "Miss Ke" and arranged for her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa not far from the Summer Palace, so that it was very convenient for her to make portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Carl had a good first impression on Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called Karl "Miss Ke" and arranged her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa, which is not far from the Summer Palace, so as to draw portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

假山和石花园是中国园林建筑的重要组成部分。
The artificial mountain and rock garden is the integral element of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountain and rock garden are the integral elements of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountains and gardens of stone are important parts of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

中国园林善于和借景，不会死板地将景观以对称的方式排列，而是会将大大小小的景观不守成规精妙地排列。
The Chinese garden architecture characterized by taking advantages of the environment and shun symmetry along axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese garden architecture is characterized by taking advantages of the scenes. It arrangs different landscapes in an irregular but exquisite form rather than rigid and symmetrical one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，园区主要有万寿山，昆明湖两大景区组成。颐和园是“三山五园”之一，也是中国最后一座皇家林园。
The Summer Palace is the royal garden covering the largest area in the world. It is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of the three mountains and five gardens and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, which is mainly composd of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "the three mountains and five gardens" and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "Three Hills and Five Gardens" , as well as the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. 建筑物是人类智慧的结晶，更是城市文化的集中体现，每座令人眼前一亮的城市，除了风景的不可复制外，建筑则是夺人眼球的元素，从曲线到块面，都适合通过镜头语言来表达。

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and the concentrated symbol of urban culture. Apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are eye-catching elements that can be expressed from curves to blocks.

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and a concentrated expression of urban culture. In every city that is eye-catching, apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are having eye-catching elements, from curves to blocks.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 14:00, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 苏州园林当中的耦园就处于大吉之地。耦园的南（前）有河道，楼厅、重檐楼阁、藏书楼殿后，北面（后面）又枕河，西（右）有大路，东（左）为流水。

The coupling garden among Suzhou gardens is located in a prosperous place. In the south (front) of Coupling Garden, there are river courses, buildings and halls, double-eaved pavilions, the back of the library, the north (back) and the pillow river, the west (right) has a main road, and the east (left) is running water. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

3. 但是，当1994年承德避暑山庄被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》后，经过近十年的整治与恢复性建设，犹如一位灰姑娘摇身变成了王妃，在肇建300周年的庆典之日，她终于展露出应有的面貌与价值。

However, when Chengde Mountain Resort was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994, after nearly ten years of renovation and restoration construction, it was like a Cinderella turning into a princess. On the celebration day of the 300th anniversary of its establishment, she finally showed her due appearance and value. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主, 现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly featured with wood structure, and western traditional architecture, brick structure, and modern architecture, reinforced concrete. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.在设计屋顶花园的同时要考虑屋顶的承重和防水、渗水设计。任何屋顶的承重力度均在建筑设计规范中，无论什么形式的绿化园艺园林设计前要考虑进去。

In the design of roof garden, we should consider the load-bearing, waterproof and seepage design of the roof. The load-bearing strength of any roof is in the architectural design code, which should be taken into account before any form of greening, horticulture and landscape design.

3.2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Record Association.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:10, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure, and modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.古建筑是科学发展的标志，构成了中华民族古代文明的一部分。

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, constitutes one part of ancient Chinese civilizations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture is the symbol of scientific development, which constitutes one part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, is a part of the ancient Chinese civilization.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 02:07, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
2.在中国艺术史上，文学艺术与园林艺术相辅相成，彼此促进，交相辉映。

In the history of Chinese art, the arts of literature and garden mutually reinforce, promote and enhance each other's beauty.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.北京颐和园作为中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

The Summer Palace in Beijing, as the largest and the best-preserved imperial garden in China, was honored as the Museum of Imperial Gardens.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
建筑既是规划，设计和建设的过程又是其产品。中国古代建筑作品通常被视为文化象征和中华民族所创造的艺术品。

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Ancient Chinese architectural works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art of the Chinese nation.

中国园林建筑的特点是利用环境优势，使自然风光与人文情趣融为一体。园林建筑的外观应符合美学，富有表现力，并可以增强周围环境的美感。

The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenery and human interests could be merged. The appearances of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings.

颐和园，明清时期的皇家园林，前身是清漪园，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。与小家碧玉的江南园林相比，颐和园多了一份皇室气度和威严。

The Summer Palace, a royal garden of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is honored as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is a national key tourist attraction. Compared with the small beautiful Jiangnan gardens, the Summer Palace has more imperial atmosphere and majesty.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。中国古代建筑的类型很多，主要有宫殿、坛庙、寺观、佛塔、民居和园林建筑等。

2.第二，花木种类众多，布局有法。江南气候土壤适合花木生长。园林堪称集植物之大成，且多奇花珍木，如拙政园中的山茶和明画家文徵明手植藤。

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

1. There are many types of ancient Chinese buildings, mainly including palaces, temples, temples, pagodas, residential buildings and garden buildings.

2. Second, full of different flowers and trees, and the whole layout is satisfactory. The climate and soil situation in Jingnan is suitable for flowers and trees, and gardens, as a collection of plants, cover various rare flowers and trees, such as the camellia in the Humble Administrator's Garden and the hand-planting of vines by Ming painter Wen Zhengming.

3. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was listed among World Heritage List in November 1998.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:34, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.中国传统建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。

Traditional Chinese architecture art is part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long-term cause of history development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture gradually has formed its own systems and characteristics. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Chinese architecture art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture has gradually formed its own systems and characteristics.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:28, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by Jiangnan's private garden and the northern royal garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻，以昆明湖为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Royal Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large landscape garden, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan, with Kunming Lake as the base site, Hangzhou West Lake as the model, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan Garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.中国不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

Different regions have different architectural styles in China, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Different regions of China have different architectural styles, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese gardens combine color, fragrance and rhyme. Since ancient times, they have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool. It is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional gardens, integrating color, fragrance and charm, have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool since ancient times, which is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, a Chinese imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty, formerly known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly Known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of 290 hectares(2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:11, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.中国古代的匠师在建筑装饰中最敢于使用色彩也最善于使用色彩。这个特点是和中国建筑的木结构体系分不开的。因为木料不能经久，所以，中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固木构件用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

Ancient Chinese craftsmen were the most daring to use color and the best at using color in architectural decoration. This feature is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because wood is not durable, Chinese architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood to protect the joints of wood and reinforced wood components with tenon-and-mortise joints, and at the same time increase aesthetics, to achieve a combination of practicality, solidity and beauty.

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩（约合5.2公顷）。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。

The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (approximately 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, exquisite halls and pavilions, luxuriant flowers and trees, with strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden were also called China’s four famous gardens. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.

4.1906年，慈禧太后下禁缠足令，开中国解放妇女之先河。

In 1906, the Empress Dowager Cixi issued a foot-binding order, which was a precedent for the liberation of women in China.

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1.框架式结构是中国古代建筑在建筑结构上最重要的一个特征。“墙倒屋不塌”这句古老的谚语，概括地指出了中国建筑这种框架结构最重要的特点。

Frame structure is one of the most important features of the ancient Chinese buildings. The old saying " Even though the wall collapses, the building stands" is a generalization of this most important feature.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

The art of Chinese garden building regards the pursuit of natural spiritual realm as the ultimate goal, so as to embody the aesthetic purport of "looking like the nature's work though actually created by human beings.".--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基础，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, built by the Kun Ming Lake and on the Wan Shou Mountain, is a large landscape garden, taking the West Lake of Hangzhou as the blueprint and applying the design method of the gardens located in the south of Yangtze River.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

7月16日至30日，在四川美术学院美术馆展出的《“见微知著方寸之间”中国建筑艺术之美》展览让人印象深刻。中国唐宋明清时期建筑的绝代风华，梁思成、陈从周等建筑大师的心血之作尽收眼底。

From July 16th to 30th, the exhibition " From 'pars pro toto' to See the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Art" at the Art Museum of Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts was impressive. We can appreciate the unparalleled beauty of architectures in China's Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the painstaking works of architects such as Liang Sicheng and Chen Congzhou.

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，在漫长的时间里，形成了皇家园林、寺观园林、私家园林三足鼎立的格局。
Chinese garden building history is more than two thousand years. Over a long period of time, three pillars which are imperial gardens, temple gardens, and private gardens have been formed.
Chinese garden building has a long history of over 2000 years, during which a tripartite structure of royal gardens, temple gardens and private gardens has been formed.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园坐落在北京西郊,主要由昆明湖和万寿山两部分组成,占地面积约290公顷。它既是一座极具江南风情的大型山水园林,又是我国保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑,1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。
The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Longevity Mountain, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is not only a large-scale landscape garden with great Jiangnan characteristics, but also the most intactly preserved imperial palace garden in my country. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in 1998.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:44, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.巍峨耸立于武昌蛇山的黄鹤楼，自古享有“天下江山第一楼“和“天下绝景”之称，与岳阳楼、滕王阁并称“江南四大名楼”，相传始建于三国时期吴黄武二年（公元223年）。崔颢一首黄鹤楼题词，已成为千古绝唱，更使黄鹤楼名声大噪。

The Yellow Crane Tower stands atop Snake Mountain, Wuchang. Since ancient times, it has been "a great wonder of the world". Indeed, it is no less famous thanYueyang Tower or Tengwang Pavilion. They are known as"hree famous buildings in the South of Yangtse river".The exact building time was the 2nd Year (223) of Eastern Wu, Three Kingdoms Period. Cui Hao improvised a poem Inscription on Yellow Crane Tower, which has been lauded as a tour de force."--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林架构的特征在于利用自然环境，以使天然场景和人的兴趣相结合。经典花园架构往往点缀诗歌书画。他们顺沿对称轴，采用不规则的和复杂的布局，利用大大小小的空间。花园建筑的外观应该是有美感和有表现力的，增强周围环境的美。

The Chinese gardens are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be merged. The classic gardens architectures are often embellished with calligraphy of poems and with paintings. They shun symmetry along an axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces. The appearance of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings. --[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese garden architectures, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design:"The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4.故事是这么说的，在19世纪80年代帝国主义混乱动荡的年代，慈禧太后挪用海军资金3000万银子来改造和重建宫殿，她建造一个巨大的大理石和玉“船”。但是这艘船没有满足皇家海军的第一个要求——浮起来。

As the story goes, the Empress Dowager Cixi, during the chaotic and tumultuous imperialist years of the 1880s, embezzled navy funds–30 million tales of silver–to revamp and reconstruct the Palace, which included her construction of a massive marble and jade "boat". However, the boat did not fulfill the first requirement of the imperial navy–it failed to float.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==

1.从古至今，中国人一直追求着造物里的对称美，从皇城宫苑到普通民宅，从群体建筑的规划到一户一室的布局，从亭台楼阁到轩榭廊舫……我们处处都可见中式对称的影子。

From ancient times to the present, Chinese people have been pursuing the symmetrical beauty in creation. From imperial palace gardens to ordinary houses, from the planning of group buildings to the layout of one family and one room, and from pavilions to porches, we can see the shadow of Chinese symmetry everywhere.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.古代从有文字记载的殷周算起，中国园林已有3000多年的历史。随着社会的进步，中国园林逐渐形成独特的民族形式，自成体系。

In ancient times, Chinese gardens have a history of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Yin and Zhou dynasties, which are recorded in writing. With the progress of society, Chinese gardens gradually have a unique national form and build a system of its own.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.在文学创作中有“明线”与“暗线”相结合的写作手法，如果用这种思路去研究颐和园，那么在这座政治与园林相结合的皇家园林中，也可以看到祈求天下一统的政治文化和封建帝王治理江山的思想脉络，在这里表现为镇山、镇水与治民思想。

In literary creation, there is a combination of "open lines" and "dark lines". If you use this idea to study the Summer Palace, then in this royal garden that combines politics and gardens, you can also see the political culture which prays for the unity of the world and the ideological context of the feudal emperor’s governance of the country, which is expressed as the thoughts of suppressing mountains and water, and governing people.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==
1.Chinese architecture, the built structures of China, specifically those found in the 18 historical provinces of China that are bounded by the Tibetan Highlands on the west, the Gobi to the north, and Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam to the southwest.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

中国建筑，即中国的建筑结构，特别是在中国的18个历史省份中发现的那些建筑，这些省份以西部的西藏高地，北部的戈壁和西南部的缅甸（缅甸），老挝和越南为边界。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Principles of landscape design formulated in Suzhou in the 16th and 17th centuries deeply inform Liu Fang Yuan.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

16世纪和17世纪苏州制定的景观设计原则深刻地影响了刘方圆。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palace’s landscaped gardens, temples, and pavilions were designed to achieve harmony with nature, to soothe, and to please the eye. --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园的园景花园，寺庙和凉亭的设计旨在实现与自然的和谐，舒缓和愉悦的目光。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

20201102 cult

2020-11-09T06:18:01Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1.中国建筑艺术是中国人的伦理观、审美观、价值观和自然观的深刻体现。

Chinese architectural art is a profound manifestation of Chinese ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.
Chinese architectural art profoundly manifests Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese architectural art greatly embodies Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.园林中的“景”不是纯天然的模仿，而是赋予诗情画意，即将自然山水景物经过艺术提炼加工再现于园林之中。

The "scenery" in the garden is not a purely natural imitation, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.
The "scenery" in the garden is not a imitation of pure nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
The "scenery" in the garden didn't merely imitate the nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.颐和园的整个园林艺术构思巧妙，在中外园林艺术史上地位显著，是举世罕见的园林景观。

The garden art of the Summer Palace is ingeniously conceived and has a predominant position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare garden landscape in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:11, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

The whole garden art of the summer palace is ingenious and Being a rare landscape in the world, it has a prominent position in the history of garden art at home and abroad.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

To protect wood and reinforce mortice and tenon joint, paint and tung oil were used quite early in Chinese architecture, which shows its practicality, sturdiness and attractiveness.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Garden for Lingering In, The Master-of-Nets Garden and The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty do not cover a large area, but artistic techniques and methods of gardening are used to simulate natural scenery by integrating pavilions with spring, stones, flowers and trees, creating an ideal space of “forest in city” and “being close to nature in the busy city”.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 园内的主体建筑为大报恩延寿寺，并有一条长达700多米的长廊，其建筑与装饰绘画都相当精彩，具有艺术价值。

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is the Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is a Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 慈禧并不了解油画，绘制宫廷画像又有无数陈规，这给卡尔造成了许多困扰，她既不能选择背景，也不能自由安排构图。

Cixi did not know oil painting and the royal portrait was subject to numerous stereotypes，thus posing Carl a lot of difficulties. She could neither choose the background nor arrange the composition freely. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Cixi didn't know much about oil painting and there were countless stereotypes for royal portraits resulted in difficulties for Carl. She culd neither choose the background nor arrange the composition. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.汉宫殿突出雄伟、威严的气势，后苑和附属建筑却又表现出雅致、玲珑的柔和之美，这与秦相比显然又有了很大的艺术进步。

The Palace in the Han Dynasty stood out with its majesty while the backyards and annexes are more elegant and exquisite, which have made outstanding artistic progress compared with Qin Dynasty.

2.我国园林，有着悠久的历史，它那“虽由人作，宛自天开”的艺术原则，那融传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

The garden in China enjoys a long history, whose artistic principle of "with natural beauty though made by man" and feature of "combination of traditional arts, literature, calligraphy and painting, sculpture and craft" make it unique among the world gardens.

3.当游人步入颐和园仁寿门，一眼便可以看到这块“寿星石”，巨石仿佛一位饱经风霜的老人，迎接着清晨的日出与瑰丽的晚霞。

When travellers walked into the Renshou gate, what salutes their eyes directly is this "Longevity stone", which seems like a weather-beaten old man, waiting for the early morning sunrise and glorious sunset.

4.她曾以揣度一位七旬老人的心态去接近慈禧，却在年龄之外，感受到一种旺盛的、孜孜不倦的好胜之心……

She once approached Cixi out of the purpose of trying to figure out what a-seventy-year-old woman is like but came to find a kind of vigorous and tireless eagerness to win inside her.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1.Traditional Chinese buildings have tile roofs with swooping eaves.

中国传统建筑的屋檐瓦屋顶呈弧形。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese garden is a good example of Chinese ancient architecture, including temples, pagodas, and pavilions besides.

中国园林是中国古代建筑的典范，除了寺庙，宝塔和凉亭。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palaces are large and well-preserved park in the north of Beijing.

颐和园是北京北部一个保存完好的大型公园。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 因为建筑源于人类的需求和愿望，所以它可以清楚地传达文化价值。在所有的视觉艺术中，建筑最直接地影响了我们的生活，因为它在很多方面决定了我们生存的环境特征。

Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicate cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Because architecture derives from human needs and desires, it clearly conveys cultural values.Of all visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly because it determines in many ways the environmental characteristics of our existence. --[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:29, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
2. 石头和假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some large stones form scenery of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Stones and rockery space are the main characteristics of gardens in southern China. Odd-shaped stones often have eye-catching ripple lines and water holes. The huge stones can form a scene by themselves, while the smaller stones are piled up to form a rockery, adding incomparable charm to the garden.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1:修建在崇山峻岭之上、蜿蜒万里的长城，是人类建筑史上的奇迹。
Built on the high mounytains and winding thousands of miles, the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of architecture,--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall, built on the steep mountains and winding for miles and miles, is a miracle in the history of human architecture.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall,built on the lofty mountains and winding thousands of miles, is a miracle in the history of architecture.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:48, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

2：在古典园林中，中国园林有皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林、风景园林；西方古典园林有规则式园林与自然风致园。
Thg Chinese classical garden is classified into loyal garden, private garden,temple garden and landscape garden, while the western garden into regular style and natural style one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

In classical gardens, Chinese gardens include royal gardens, private gardens, monastery gardens, and landscape gardens; Western classical gardens include regular gardens and naturalistic gardens.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3：颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

Besides the Forbbiden City, the Summer Palace was also the most important political and diplomatic activity center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty,as well as a significant witness of modern Chinese history and the site of important historical events.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the late Qing rulers outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness to China's modern history and the site of many important historical events.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:03, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、从庄严雄伟的宫殿坛庙到粉墙黛瓦的江南园林，从多姿多彩的民居村落到雪域高原的辉煌寺庙，这些传统建筑以其悠久的历史传承高超的营建技术和独特的艺术魅力，在世界建筑史上独树一帜、自成体系。

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious monasteries locating at snowy plateau, such traditional Chinese buildings inherit through their long histories superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, which makes them develop a unique school in world architectural history. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious pagodas on the snowy plateau, these traditional Chinese buildings, with their long history, superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, have emerged unique and self-contained in world architecture.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2、师法自然，融于自然，顺应自然，表现自然——这是中国古代园林体现“天人合一”民族文化所在，是独立于世界之林的最大特色，也是永具艺术生命力的根本原因。

Learning from nature, being harmony with nature, conforming to nature and representing nature are the embodiment of national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature" in Chinese ancient garden which is the greatest characteristic for Chinese ancient garden to be independent of world garden and also the root reason for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Learning from nature, being in harmony with nature, following the law of nature and illustrating nature—this is where the ancient Chinese garden embodies the national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature", the most distinctive characteristic among other counterparts in the world and also the root for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，也是中国最后一座皇家园林，园区主要由万寿山、昆明湖两大风景区组成。

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last royal garden in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last one in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4、1905年，慈禧为改善其国际形象，授意美国艺术家凯瑟琳·卡尔为她创作肖像，并将此画赠予美国总统西奥多·罗斯福，以表示她对美国人民的友好。

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, inspired an American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and then send it to American president Theodore Rovers to show her goodwill to American people.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, commissioned the American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and presented it to the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to show her goodwill to the American people.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Grosheva, Anna==

1. Some Chinese buildings feature balconies covered with elaborate iron and woodwork.
一些中国建筑的阳台上覆盖着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

一些中国建筑的特点是阳台上装饰着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:51, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. In the garden, rocks, ancient trees and flowers present a harmonious picture.
在花园中，岩石，古树和鲜花呈现出和谐的画面。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Summer Palace blends rocks, trees, lakes, pavilions, paths, and bridges creating a poetic imperial garden.
颐和园融合了岩石，树木，湖泊，凉亭，小路和桥梁，形成了诗意的皇家花园。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.中国古建筑在建筑与环境的配合和协调方面有着很高的成就，有许多精辟的理论与成功的经验。古人不仅考虑建筑物内部环境主次之间、相互之间的配合与协调，而且也注意到它们与周围大自然环境的协调。
Chinese ancient architecture has a high degree of achievement in the coordination and harmony between architecture and the environment, and has many insightful theories and successful experiences. The ancients not only considered the coordination and harmony between the internal environment of buildings, but also the harmony between them and the surrounding natural environment.

2. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional gardening art, Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, based on the surrounding landscape environment, full of the magnificent splendor of China's royal gardens, but also full of natural interest, highly reflects the "though made by man, as if from the sky" of gardening guide lines.

3.简单的说，中国建筑类型中，园林包含了最多的文人智慧、情感。我们也可以从文人参与的诗文和绘画角度——这些关乎造园立意的角度——去观察园林发展的历史

Simply put, among Chinese architectural types, gardens contain the most literary wisdom and emotion. We can also look at the history of the development of gardens from the perspective of poetry and painting, which were involved in the literati's participation in the creation of gardens.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.1949年中华人民共和国建立后，中国建筑进入新的历史时期，大规模、有计划的国民经济建设，推动了建筑业的蓬勃发展。中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, whether in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution or in level of modernization ,modern Chinese architecture has broken through those of the limitations in modern times, taking on a new look.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, today's Chinese architecture has broken through those limitations of modern times' architecture in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution as well as the level of modernization , taking on a new look.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国的园林建筑在世界园林史上享有盛名。在3000多年前的周朝，中国就有了最早的宫廷园林。此后，中国的都城和地方著名城市无不建造园林,在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of Landscape Architecture of the world. Early over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of World Landscape Architecture. Over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were the earlest imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and rich connotations.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观 ,因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 05:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers away from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the late Qing Dynasty.It is not only listed on the World Heritage Sites but also one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.传统中国建筑在将空间单位联成一体时遵循的是平衡与对称的原则。

The combinations of units of space in traditional Chinese architecture follow the principles of balance and symmetry.

2.中国园林可分为御花酬私家花园两类，有时人们也会加上风景园林。御花园都在北方，私家花园则多见于南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京三地最多。

Chinese gardens can be divided into two categories, the imperial the private, and sometimes landscape gardens are considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.

Chinese gardens fall into two categories, the imperial ones and the private ones, and sometimes landscape gardens are also considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:56, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛若天开”的造林原则。

As an archetypal garden of the traditional gardening design, the Summer Palace, resorting to its surrounding mountains and water, radiates not only the grandeur of a Chinese imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of the traditional Chinese gardening design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 09:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1.壁画艺术是悠久的中华文明史上的花开奇观之一。自1960年代以来，它被普遍认为是秦始皇的“司马油画”，是陕西咸阳市尧典村发掘的，是古代考古中壁画的开端。

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered the "Sima Painting" of the Qin Dynasty that was unearthed from Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered as the "Sima Painting" of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty that was unearthed at Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 02:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国古典园林的设计试图以微缩的方式再现自然景观，在历史名城苏州的四个园林中，都没有比这更好的例证。

Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the four gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.

3.颐和园是中国最大和最好的皇家花园之一。

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial garden in China.

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial gardens in China.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 10:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

4.凯瑟琳·奥古斯塔·卡尔（Katherine Augusta Carl）是一位美国作家和画家，他在中国寄出了9个月的时间，为慈禧太后画肖像。

Katherine Augusta Carl was an American author and painter who sent nine months in China painting portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi.

==Guo Lu 郭露==

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==

1. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。

2. Buddhism was one of China’s most important religions in the past.

佛教是中国过去最重要的宗教之一。

佛教曾是中国最重要的宗教之一。--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:41, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Traditional architecture is a precious part of the cultural heritage of the Chinese people.

传统建筑是中国人民文化遗产的宝贵组成部分。

4. The Summer Palace is grand in scale and includes the differing styles of famous Chinese gardens.

颐和园规模宏大，包括风格各异的中国著名园林。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==
1.人们走进园林，但见一片丛林，建筑掩映在密林之中，曲折的小路不知通向何方，沿着小路前行，似乎要走到了尽头，但是就在路将行不通处，突然是一个开阔的天地，亭台楼阁，假山泉水，让人不由得一阵惊喜。
1.in the gardens, besides buildings looming behind dense groves of trees, what most frequently meets the eye are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere,as it would appear to new visitors. There, a path seems to end, but of a sudden, a new world is rolled out before you : pavilions,rock formations, spring water-all combining to provide a pleasant surprise!

2.说起四合院，中国南北方都有。南方云南的四合院以白墙黑瓦、彩画、石雕、砖雕的典雅和茂盛的绿植而闻名。北方的四合院以北京的四合院为代表，俨然成为城市的象征。
The courtyard architectural style exists in both southern and northern China. The courtyards of Yunnan in southern China are famous for the elegance of their white walls,black tiles,colorful paintings,and stone and brick carving in addition to lush green foliage. Courtyard in the north are represented by the siheyuan in Beijing,a symbol of the city.

3.颐和园无论在园林设计还是建筑上，都是中国古典建筑的一座丰碑。它借用周围景观的景色，不仅散发出皇家园林的气势，而且将自然之美完美结合，最能体现中国传统园林设计的指导思想，即 "天工开物，人杰地灵"。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: “The works of men should match the works of Heaven”. --[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:06, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.园林建筑既要满足各种园林活动和使用上的要求，又是园林景物之一；既是物质产品，也是艺术作品。但园林建筑给人精神上的感受更多。因此，艺术性要求更高，除要求具有观赏价值外，还要求富有诗情画意。
Garden architecture should not only meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also be one of the landscape objects; it is not only a material product, but also an artistic work. But landscape architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the requirement of artistry is higher, which requires not only ornamental value, but also poetic and picturesque.
2.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。
Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.
3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The summer palace is the most important political and diplomatic center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 中国古代建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到商朝(公元前16世纪-公元前771年)。它有自己的结构和布局原则。经过长期的发展，聪明的中国劳动人民创造了许多建筑奇迹。

1. Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). It has its own principles of structure and layout. Through the long development, many architectural wonders have created by clever Chinese labouring people.

2. 中国的私家园林是中国园林文化的杰作，它的贡献甚至超过皇家园林--它们都受中国传统哲学文化思想的影响并将人、自然个建筑结合在一起。

2. China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, the contribution of its even more than the royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical culture ideas and combine people, nature and architecture.

2.The private gardens in China are masterpieces of Chinese garden culture, and their contribution is even more than that of royal gardens. They are influenced by Chinese traditional philosophy and culture and combine human and natural buildings together.

3. 颐和园的英文名称"Summer Palace", 意思是这里是皇帝在夏大的居住之地—一个离城不远、位与乡村的、供帝王后妃们逍遥游乐的紫禁城。

3. As its name implies，the Summer Palace was used as a summer residence by China's imperial rulers--as a retreat from the main imperial palace now known as the Palace Museum or Forbidden City-a pleasureground in the countryside，yet near to the city.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:11, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

南朝建筑遗物无存，也不如北朝建筑能从敦煌壁画及佛教石窟得知其形像，只能从少量墓葬壁画及经百济传於日本的飞鸟样间接推断其形像。

Unlike architectures in the North Dynasty, whose image could be found in the Dunhuang murals and some Buddhist caves, there are no surviving relics of architectures in the South Dynasty and can only be infeered form a small number of tomb paintings and bird-like figures transmitted to Japan via Baekje.

北方园林模仿江南，早在明代中叶已见端倪。北京西北郊海淀镇一带，北京皇家园林，湖泊罗布，泉眼特多，官僚贵戚们纷纷在这里买地造园，其中不少即有意识的模仿江南水乡的园林风貌。

The northern gardening began to imitate the style of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the imperial gardens in northwest suburb of Haidian Town, where lies numerous lakes and springs, and a handful of bureaucrats and aristocrats have bought land here to build gardens, many of whose style are of the style in the south of the Yangtze River.

1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，对故宫建筑进行了大规模的修缮，同时整理出大量的文物。1961年国务院颁布故宫为全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City has undergone a large scale of restoration while sorted out a number of relics after the foundation of the Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council has designated the Forbidden City as the protection cultural relics at the national level.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Forbidden City was renovated on a large scale and many cultural relics were sorted out. In 1961,it was included as a national key cultural relic by the State Council.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

慈禧一生中领导过两次改革，第一次是洋务运动，第二次是清末新政，前者是物质层面上的变革，后者是体制层面上的变革。

Cixi has led two reform in total in her life, the first one was the Westernization Movement and the second the new Policy Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, and the former one is a material one, the later institutional one.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:48, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Cixi led two reforms in her life:the Westernization Movement and the New policy Reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The former is a material change, while the latter is institutional. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 建筑指的是规划、设计和修建建筑物及其他实体结构的过程或其产物。实体结构的建筑物经常被认为是文化标志和艺术结晶。

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是指在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段，通过改造地形、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域。园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等。

Gardens refer to the aesthetic nature environment and play area, which are created by transforming terrain, planting trees, flowers and grasses, constructing architecture, setting paths and so on with certain engineering technology of regional application and means of artistic expression. And gardens consist of yards, private gardens, small gardens, flower gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etcetera.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国清朝时期皇家园林，位于北京西郊，5A级国家景区。颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。

The Summer Palace, a national 5A level tourist attraction, is a Chinese royal garden in Qing dynasty, situated in the western suburbs of Beijing. Based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, it is a large-scale landscape garden with the West Lake in Hangzhou as its blueprint and the design techniques of gardens in regions south of the Yangtze River. The Summer Palace is the most well-preserved imperial palace for temporary stay, which is regarded as the "museum of imperial gardens". Besides, it's also a major tourist attraction in China.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is a royal garden during the Qing Dynasty, located in the western suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden built on the site of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake and drawing on the design techniques of the gardens of the south of the Yangtze River, and is also the best-preserved royal palace.It is also a key national tourist attraction.--[[User:He Changqi|He Changqi]] ([[User talk:He Changqi|talk]]) 06:11, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1.滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的12米高台座，分为两级。台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”格式，即从外面看是三层带回廊建筑，而内部却有七层，就是三个明层，三个暗层，加屋顶中的设备层。

The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has a net height of 57.5 meters and covers an area of 13,000 square meters. The lower part is a 12-meters-high pedestal which symbolizes the ancient city wall, and it is divided into two levels. The main pavilion above the pedestal adopts the format of "Seeming three but actually seven", that is, from the outside, it seems like a three-story building with cloisters, while the interior has seven floors, three outer floors and three inner floors, plus the equipment floor in the roof.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.东园是利用蒋桃园废墟，古城墙遗址和内城河，通过人工改造而成。原内城河挖成辽阔的水面，在绵延的古城遗址上广植花木，构成了以山水为主景观的新型现代园林。

The East Garden was artificially reconstructed from the ruins of Jiangtaoyuan, the ruins of the ancient city wall and the inner artificial city river. The original inner city river was dug into a vast water surface, and flowers and trees were widely planted on the ancient city ruins, forming a new modern garden with mountains and waters as the main landscape.
--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
3.苏州街又称“买卖街”，是后湖两岸仿江南水镇而建。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。

Suzhou Street, also known as "Trading Street", was built on both sides of Back Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. During Qingyi Garden period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are all eunuchs and maids who dressed up.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==

1.故宫外朝，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

The Palace Museum faces outwards, its buildings are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.

The Imperial Palace, solemn and magnificent, facing towards the outside, is famed as the quintessence of ancient Chinese architecture art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Imperial Palace facing outwards are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林建筑是园林景观中必不可少的要素,满足不同群体休憩、游览、集会等功能需求。古典园林建筑有成熟的营造理论和审美情趣,承载着多彩的民族文化和精神内涵。

Garden architecture is an indispensable element in the garden landscape, meeting the functional needs of different groups such as rest, tour, and assembly. Classical garden architecture has mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, and carries colorful national culture and spiritual connotation.

Garden architecture, as an indispensable of garden landscapes, meets the functional needs of different groups including rest, sightseeing, and gathering and so on. Classical garden architecture, with mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, carries abundant national cultures and spiritual connotations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Garden architecture is an essential element in landscape, to meet the needs of different groups of rest, tour, assembly and other functions. Classical garden architecture has a mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, bearing a colorful national culture and spiritual connotation. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, originally named Qingyi Yuan, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. Covering about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), it's 15 kilometers away from the city, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:39, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、当代建筑领域里，把使用木材和传统施工方法，按照传统样式建成的建筑叫做“古建”。把使用混凝土或者钢材或其他建筑材料，并且使用现代建筑施工方法和施工工艺，模仿古建筑形式的建筑叫“仿古建”。

In the field of contemporary architecture, buildings were built in accordance with traditional styles and using wood and traditional construction methods are called "ancient architecture".then the buildings were constracted by concrete or steel or other materials and using modern building construction methods and construction techniques, those imitated the ancient form of architecture is called "archaizing".

2、园林是传统中国文化中的一种艺术形式，受到传统"礼乐"文化影响很深。通过地形、山水、建筑群、花木等作为载体衬托出人类主体的精神文化。

Garden is an art form in traditional Chinese culture, which is deeply influenced by traditional "rites and music" culture.using topography, landscape, architectural complex, flowers and trees as the carrier to foil the spiritual culture of the human subject.

3、1900年园内建筑及文物遭八国联军破坏，1902年修复。颐和园尽管大体上全面恢复了清漪园的景观，但很多质量上有所下降。许多高层建筑由于经费的关系被迫减矮，尺度也有所缩小。

In 1900, the buildings and cultural relics of the park were destroyed by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and restored in 1902.Although the Summer Palace has largely restored the landscape of the Garden of qingyi, many of its features have been degraded.Also many high-rise buildings are forced to be reduced due to the cost, the scale has also been reduced.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 14:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1．建筑不仅仅是技术科学，而且是一种艺术。中国古代建筑经过长时期的努力，同时吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺美术等造型艺术的特点，创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After a long period of hard work, Chinese ancient architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional Chinese arts, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, creating rich and colorful artistic images.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. 我国地域广大，东西南北的气候地理条件及物产各不相同，因而园林也常常表现出较明显的地方特性。
China has a vast territory, and its climate, geographical conditions and products are different from each other in the East, West, North and south. So its gardens show obvious local features.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

China has a vast territory with different climate, geograpgical conditions and products in the east, west, north and south. Thus its gardens often show obvious local characteristics. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 01:53, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Our country(I'm sorry but 我国 is probably have another meaning? Correct me if I'm wrong) has a vast territory with various climate, geographical conditions and products which are different from east to west, north to south, so gardens often show obvious local characteristics.

3.颐和园，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊, 占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米）。
The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburb of Beijing， covering an area of 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers).--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
1. 我国由于经历了漫长的封建社会，历代帝王为了满足其骄奢淫逸的生活和维护其统治的威严，往往大兴土木，营建各种宫室殿堂。中国古代建筑经过长期发展，吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺等造型艺术的特点。

Due to the long fedual society, emperors in ancient China used to build palaces to maintainn the majesty of their rule and to satidfy their luxurious life. After a long history of development, ancient Chinese architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts, including painting, carving and crafts and other plastic arts. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，且中国古典园林的精华则集中在江南地区。园林都是为满足封建统治阶级的享乐生活而建，因此在园林布置的艺术手法上有许多共同之处。中国古典园林的园景上主要是模仿自然，即用人工的力量来建造自然的景色。

China is home to many famous classical gardens, of which the Southern Gardens are essence. Gardens are built to satisfy the luxurious needs of fedual ruling class, resulting in similarities in the artistic techniques of garden layout. In addition, in terms of garden landscape, gardens are built to imitate nature scenery by artificial power. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园是我国保存完好的古典皇家园林，是世界闻名的建筑。颐，意思是颐养天年；和指心平气和。颐和园意为退休老人养老的地方。晚年的慈禧不再干预朝政，为安享晚年才修建了颐和园。

The Summer Palace is a well-preserved and famous classical imperial garden in China. The Chinese character "颐" means living a peaceful life in old age; "和" refers to peace in mind; based on it, the Summer Palace is designated for retired people to enjoy their lives. The Empress Dowager Cixi stopped interfering in government affairs in her later years and build the Palace to enjoy life.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 后人对慈禧的评价极具争议。在她统治的47年间，中国蒙受了无穷尽的屈辱和苦难，但她也有一些贡献。为挽救清王朝的统治，慈禧发动了清末新政，废除了科举制度。

Cixi is a controversial historical figure. During her 47 years in power, China suffered endless humiliations, but it can't be denied that she also has something to offer. For example, in order to maintain the majesty of the Qing Dynasty, she initiated the New Deal and abolished the imperial examination system.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1.中国传统建筑不仅重自然的山林风水，也重人工的山林风水，让人工的与自然的协调，院内的与院外的衔接，造成“天上人间”之境，使人产生“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”的心旷神怡之感。

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial landscape,so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature,coupled with the connection inside and outside the courtyard,jointly create a cumstance of “paradise on the earth”,which makes a relaxed and happy feeling of “There is the essence of life here,but it is beyond my words.”

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial one, so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature, coupled with the connection of the inside and outside courtyard, jointly create an atmosphere of “paradise on the earth”, which brings a relaxed and happy feeling of “there is the essence of life here, but it is beyond my words.”--Ouyang Ling

2.苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统、地方风俗的一种象征和浓缩，展现了中国文化的精华，在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。

The Chinese philosophy,history and cultural customs contained in the classical gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical tradition and local customs in Jiangnan,which has a unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s gardening.

The Chinese philosophy, history and cultural customs contained in the ancient gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical traditions and folk customs in Jiangnan, which has an unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s garden-building.--Ouyang Ling

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty outside the Forbidden City.It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.

The Summer Palace is the most important center for the supreme rulers to hold political and diplomatic activities in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.--Ouyang Ling

4.慈禧太后是中国历史的帝制时代中少数长期当政的女性，其政治手腕堪称干练，尤其擅长操弄亲贵朝臣之间的权力平衡以维系自身的绝对权威。清朝因为她的能力而续命数十年。

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who have been in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history.She is experienced in political activities and particularly skillful in balancing the power of the courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authorrity.The Qing dynasty has continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 15:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who were in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history. She was an experienced politician who was particularly skillful in balancing the power of the imperial relatives and courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authority. The Qing Dynasty continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Ouyang Ling

==Liu Ou 刘欧==
1.大雁塔建于唐长安城晋昌坊(今陕西省西安市南)的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”，今存。塔高64米，塔身枋、斗拱、栏额均为青砖仿木结构。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典而建造的一座五层砖塔。

The Great Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the Great Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang (now south of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high.Its tower body, dougong, and fence are all blue brick and wood-like structures. Master Xuanzang built the five-story brick tower to enshrine Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit scriptures brought back from India.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林是中国古典园林的杰出代表，它特色鲜明地折射出中国人的自然观和人生观。

Gardens south of the Yangtze River are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden.It was list in "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, it is both closed and open; both artificial and natural, can overlooking flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, has become the ancients "unity of nature and man" concept is another performance, but also reflects the Chinese are both subtle and introverted, and pioneering national character.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, which is both closed and open, both artificial and natural. Standing on it, people can overlook flowers and trees and look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, which is another manifestation of the ancient people's concept of "harmony between man and nature". It also reflects the national character of Chinese people, which is both introverted and enterprising.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2、其次，要考虑到植物的色彩和组合的形式美。花园中常利用花坛、花台、花缘和花丛以集中表现观赏植物的丰富多彩，以及植株姿态和叶形的对比调和。要重视草坪和地被植物的种植，避免露土。

Secondly, it is important to consider the beauty of the color and form of the plant combinations. Flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used in gardens to focus on the variety of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Emphasis should be placed on planting lawns and groundcovers and avoiding open soil.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Secondly, we should consider the color of plants and the formal beauty of plant combinations. In gardens, flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used to show the richness of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Attention should be paid to the planting of lawns and ground cover plants so as to avoid soil exposure.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园鼎盛时期，规模宏大，占地面积2.97平方公里（293公顷），主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成，其中水面占四分之三（大约220公顷）。园内建筑以佛香阁为中心，园中有景点建筑物百余座、大小院落20余处。

In Summer Palace's heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares), consisting mainly of two parts, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which three-fourths (about 220 hectares) is water. The architecture of the garden is centered on the Buddha Fragrance Pavilion, and there are more than a hundred attractions and buildings, and more than 20 large and small courtyards in the garden.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's modern architecture has made breakthrough beyond the limitations of modern times in quantity, scale, type, regional distribution and modernization level, showing a brand-new image.
大型园林不但摹仿自然山水，而且还集仿各地名胜于一园，形成园中有园、大园套小园的风格。
Large gardens not only imitate natural scenery, but also follow the example of the styles of famous places from all over the world in one garden, thus, one garden enjoys various styles.
颐和园和圆明园，虽然是北方皇家园林，但去过颐和园或看过圆明园复原图的人一定会发现：这两处园子有着浓浓的江南风情。
Imperial gardens in the north as the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace are, those who have been to the Summer Palace or have seen the restoration blueprints of the Old Summer Palace will definitely find that these two gardens boast a strong southern style.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 11:05, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 中国的建筑师们把印度佛塔的圆形与中国传统楼亭建筑方式相结合，从而使中国古塔形成自己的独特风格。

The ancient Chinese pagoda took on its own distinct style when architects combined the features of circular Indian Buddhist pagodas with those of traditional Chinese pavilions and towers.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2 明代江南十分富庶，人们对居住环境有了更高的审美追求。文人巨贾聚集苏州，打造自己审美的后花园，将自然景观、文化与艺术融入到园林中。

It is during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), when southern Chinese area, known as Jiangnan area, became prosperous in economy that people, especially the scholars, officials and merchants there started to pursuit a better living condition. They built their own gardens, trying to combine the natural landscape, culture and art into them. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3 颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年（1750），咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年（1886），清廷挪用海军经费等款项于1886年开始重建。

The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4 当慈禧看到摄影比画像更快捷、更方便，且照片几乎是真实的，关于摄影是冒犯和可耻的想法开始改变。她变得对摄影如此感兴趣和好奇，她想尽快探索摄影的秘密。

When Cixi saw that photography was faster and more convenient than portrait painting and that the photo was almost real, the idea that photography was offensive and disgraceful began to change. She became so interested and curious about photography that she wanted to explore the secret of photography as soon as possible. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1.中国古代建筑与欧洲、阿拉伯建筑一起，是世界建筑体系的重要组成部分。
Together with European and Arabian architecture, ancient Chinese architecture is an important component of the world architectural system.

1. Ancient Chinese architecture, as well as European and Arab architecture, is an important part of the world architecture system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林是经过三千多年的发展而形成的一种园林风格。
The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years.

3.1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入世界遗产名录。
In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 12:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

中国各地的居住建筑，又称民居。居住建筑是最基本的建筑类型，是出现最早、分布最广的建筑群落。由于中国各地区的自然环境和人文情况不同，各地民居也显现出多样化的面貌。

Residential buildings all over China are also called folk houses. Residential building is the most basic building type. It is the earliest and the most widely distributed building communities. Due to the diversity of the local environment and human environment, the residential houses in China also show various features.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

园林植物生产是国民经济的重要组成部分，城市生态、园林景观、城乡环境的绿化美化更是国家建设的重中之重。因此，园林专业是造福人类、前景无限的专业。

The production of garden plants is an important part of the national economy. The greening and embellishment of urban ecology, landscape and urban and rural environment is the most important for national construction. Therefore, landscape architecture benefits mankind and has unlimited prospects.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palace and garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.园中花窗、虚虚实实、漏而不尽、诱人探幽。

The floral windows in the garden show a faint silhouette.Some parts of them are exposed yet not the all,which entices visitors to explore the hidden world behind that.

2. 颐和园古式建筑走廊，它遮荫蔽雨、休息、联系交通，组织景观、分隔空间、增加风景层次。

In the Summer Palace,there are numerous classical corridors.They are not only desirable places of shelter and rest,but also act as pivots of roads in different directions and connectors of different scenic spots.In addition,they can serve as space dividers,which is able to amplify the levels of scenery.

3. 比较重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上，次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上，北京故宫的组群布局和北方的四合院是最能体现庭院式布局原则的典型实例。

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on each side array the subordinate houses on the horizontal axis . The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:43, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on horizontal axis array the subordinate houses. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:20, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==
1. 中国故宫别称是紫禁城，占地72万多平方米，有楼宇8000余间，建筑面积15万平方米。故宫是明、清两代的皇宫，是我国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。
The Forbidden City of China, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters with more than 8,000 buildings, and has a construction area of 150,000 square meters. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most complete group of ancient buildings in China.
2. 颐和园原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园，又称清漪园，以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，按照江南园林的设计手法建造，是我国现存规模非常大，保存非常完整的皇家园林，景色极具优雅，还有很多珍贵的文物，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。
The Summer Palace was originally the palace and garden of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, also known as Qingyi Garden. It is located on the land of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. It is built in accordance with the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is a very large-scale and very well-preserved royal garden in China. It is elegant and has many precious cultural relics. It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum".

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1.宫殿建筑又称宫廷建筑，是皇帝为了巩固自己的统治，突出皇权的威严，满足精神生活和物质生活的享受而建造的规模巨大、气势雄伟的建筑物。

Palace buildings, as known as imperial buildings, are large-scale and majestic. They were constructed for the emperors to consolidate their reign, stress their dignified power and bring spiritual enjoyment and material comfort.

2. 园林是一种理想化的生活环境，是优美高雅的的艺术形式，能陶冶人的情操，净化人们的内心世界。人们也可以通过园林来实现对美的追求、抒发情怀，因此园林还具有更深的文化意义。

Garden is an ideal environment to live in, and as a form of art, it can uplift the mind and spirit and purify the inner world of people. By building gardens people intends to pursue the beauty and express the thoughts and feelings, thereby adding a profound cultural meaning on them.

3. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣。

The Summer Palace represents the highest development of traditional garden-building art. With Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake constituting the general view, the Summer Palace was landscaped by surrounding mountains and waters, presenting a majestic and sumptuous mood and full of delights of nature.

4. 慈禧执政48年中，对于政务掌握相当严格，即使在病中亦然，在她统治中国近半个世纪的时间里，一直勉励维系并且牢牢掌控着中央集权帝国的局面，中国因得免于陷入割据乱局。

During the 48-year reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi, she firmly grasped the powers in political affairs and did so even when she fell ill. In the nearly half-century reign, she diligently ruled China as a centralized empire and kept it from being torn apart by forces.--Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.国家体育场（鸟巢）位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区南部，为2008年北京奥运会的主体育场。工程总占地面积21公顷，场内观众坐席约为91000个。举行了奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛。

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is located in the southern part of the central area of the Beijing Olympic Park. It was the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The total height of the project is 21 miles, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats in the venue. Track and field matches and football match finals.

Located in the southern of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The project covers a total area of 21 hectares, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals were held there.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.承德避暑山庄，又名“承德离宫”或“热河行宫”，是世界文化遗产、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位、中国四大名园之一。山庄位于河北省承德市中心北部，武烈河西岸一带狭长的谷地上，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。

Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Chengde Ligong" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of China's four famous gardens. The villa is located in the narrow valley on the west bank of the Wulie River in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei province. It was a place for the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to escape the summer heat and deal with government affairs.
The Mountain Resort is divided into four parts: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in November 1998. "World Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 11:00, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-中国古代著名建筑- 紫禁城,天坛,钱陵,古城墙,大雁塔。

Famous Ancient Chinese Buildings-The Forbidden City,Temple of Heaven,Qian Mausoleum,Ancient City Wall,Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

2-中日花园的主要区别在于，与日式花园相比，中式花园往往更为大胆，充满异国情调，具有观赏性，并且在整个公园般的环境中具有更多的建筑和结构，而日式花园则总体上较为柔和，朴素和简约。

The main difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens is that Chinese gardens tend to be more bold, exotic, ornamental, and have more architecture and structures throughout a park-like setting, compared to Japanese gardens which tend to be more subdued, austere and minimalist overall.

3-1888年，颐和园获得了现今的中文名称，即颐和园，并作为慈禧太后的避暑胜地。 1900年，它被八国联军摧毁。 1912年，它被重建为清朝（1644-1912）的最后一幕。

In 1888, the Summer Palace was given its present-day Chinese name, Yihe Yuan, and served as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers. In 1912, it was rebuilt as one of the final acts of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

4-凯瑟琳·卡尔（Katharine Carl）是美国肖像画家和作家。她在美国，欧洲和亚洲创作了著名的皇家人物的画作。
Katharine Carl was an American portrait painter and author. She made paintings of notable and royal people in the United States, Europe and Asia.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.中国的建筑艺术是中华文明树上一个特别美丽的分支。木柱梁，门和接缝组成了房屋的框架。
China's architectural art is a particularly beautiful branch in the tree of Chinese Civilization. Wooden posts beams, lintels and joints make up the framework of a house.
2.这个颐和园是北京的湖泊，花园，宝塔，大厅和宫殿的大集合。那是清朝的御花园。
This summer palace is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, pagodas,halls and palaces in Beijing. It was an Imperial Gardens in the Qing dynasty.
3.中国园林风格是一道风景线，在中国文化中源远流长。那里既有中国皇帝的广阔花园，又有为娱乐而建的皇室成员。
The Chinese Garden style is a landscape, It has a long history in Chinese culture. Where includes both the vast Gardens of the Chinese Emperors And members of the Imperial family built for pleasure.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 03:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

China, a country vast in territory and rich in resources, boasts a long history of architecture art. Architectures in different regions are different in artistic style, but have something in common in complex arrangement, space, structure, building material and decorative art. Distinguished from western architecture, Chinese architecture is well-known around the world.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. It offers a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, and is significant for Chinese traditional cultural inheritance.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. Since ancient times, It has offered a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, which contributes a lot to the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:24, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部海淀区,距市中心约15公里,原为清代的行宫花园,其名为“颐养太和”之义。园中的长廊、石舫、佛香阁、宝云阁、大戏楼、十七孔桥、玉带桥等建筑堪称世界建筑文化中的珍品。

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, and it’s about 15 kilometers away from downtown. As a former palace garden of the Qing dynasty, it’s name means “keep supreme harmony”. Many buildings in the garden, including the Long Corridor，Marble Boat，Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha, Tower of Precious Cloud, Grand Opera Tower, Seventeen Arch Bridge and Jade Belt Bridge, can be called as world architecture art treasures.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4.美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯(克姑娘)。20世纪初曾创了两项空前绝后的世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two world records: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two unparalleled world records in early 20 century: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the Chinese palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:30, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. The Chinese garden has a long history.
中国园林历史悠久。
2. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.
中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。
3. The park is the most beautiful part of the Summer Palace.
公园是颐和园最美丽的部分.
4. Carl describes Cixi as a kind and considerate woman for her station.
卡尔将慈溪形容为一个善良而体贴的女士。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 13:14, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1The architecture of the dwelling-houses is exceedingly heavy, giving them the appearance of great age.
2The little girl pretended that the tiny ceramic gnome in her garden protected the vegetables from hungry neighborhood cats.
3In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.
1住宅的建筑非常沉重，使它们看起来很老旧.
2小女孩假装她花园里的陶瓷小侏儒保护蔬菜免受饥饿的邻家猫的侵害.
3 1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入其世界遗产名录。它宣布颐和园“是中国园林设计的杰作.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 13:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1.四合院，又称四合房，是中国的一种传统合院式建筑，其格局为一个院子四面建有房屋，从四面将庭院合围在中间，故名四合院。

Quadrangle, also known as Sihefang, is a traditional Chinese courtyard architecture, its pattern is a courtyard built on all sides of houses, with courtyard enclosed in it, so it is named Siheyuan.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州古典园林历史绵延2000余年，在世界造园史上有其独特的历史地位和价值，她以写意山水的高超艺术手法，蕴含浓厚的中国传统思想和文化内涵，展示东方文明的造园艺术典范。

With a history of more than 2000 years, the Classical Gardens of Suzhou boast unique historical status and value in the history of world gardening. With the superb artistic technique of freehand brushwork, it contains strong Chinese traditional thoughts and cultural connotation to display the model of oriental civilization gardening art.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace was the paramount political and diplomatic activity center of imperator of the late Qing Dynasty except the Forbidden City. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the site of many historical events.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==
1.清代的都城北京城基本保持了明朝时的原状，城内共有20座高大、雄伟的城门，气势最为磅礴的是内城的正阳门。因沿用了明代的帝王宫殿，清代帝王兴建了大规模的皇家园林，这些园林建筑是清代建筑的精华，其中包括华美的圆明园与颐和园。
Beijing city, the capital in the Qing Dynasty kept what it was in the previous dynasty. It had 20 towering and impressive gates, among which the most imposing one was Zhengyang Gate in inner areas. To match with the imperial palace inherited from the Ming Dynasty, Qing emperors built large-scale imperial gardens, which were the essence of Qing architecture and included the magnificent Summer Palace.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.屋顶花园不但降温隔热效果优良，而且能美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候，还能丰富城市的俯仰景观，大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率，是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。
A roof garden can not only efficiently lower temperatures and insulate heat, but also can beautify the environment, purify air and improve climate in some areas. Also, it adds to the views of cities and largely increases the plantation covering rate of cities. It is a form of roof that worths promoting.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center of the highest governor of the late Qing Dynasty apart from the Forbidden City. And it witnessed China’s history and a lot of historical events.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==
1.从古代文献记载、绘画中的古建筑一直到现存的古建筑来看，中国古代建筑在平面布局方面有一种简明的组织规律，就是每一处住宅、宫殿、官衙、寺庙等建筑，都是由若干座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成的。
From the ancient buildings recorded in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, there is a concise organizational law in the layout of ancient Chinese buildings, that is, every house, palace, official office, temple and other buildings are surrounded by courtyards built by a number of buildings and a number of corridors,walls,etc .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林意境这个概念的思想渊源可以追溯到东晋到唐宋年间。当时的文艺思潮是崇尚自然，出现了山水诗、山水画和山水游记。
The ideological origin of the concept of garden artistic conception can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, the literary and artistic trend was advocating nature, so the landscape poems, landscape paintings, and landscape travel notes appeared.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国风景园林设计创意艺术的杰出表达，体现了天人合一的和谐理念。
The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The summer palace is an outstanding expression of creative art of Chinese landscape architecture design, which embodies the harmonious concept of harmony between man and nature.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:49, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==
1.北京有无数的胡同。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是展示平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4~10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。

After 3000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, tree, and flowers scattered in it. --[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园位于北京西郊，始建于清朝，是中国规模最大、保存最完好的皇家园林之一。1860年颐和园在战争中遭到严重破坏，1886年开始在原址重修。自1911年清王朝灭亡后，颐和园作为公园一直对外开放。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，园内由宫殿、庙宇、长廊、石桥等100多处富有民族特色的古典建筑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。颐和园内的人工景观与自然山峦、宁静的湖水和谐地融为一体，向游客展示了一幅优美的山水画卷。

Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace, originally constructed in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the largest and best-preserved imperial gardens in China. It was badly damaged during the war in 1860 and the restoration in its original site began in 1886. Since Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911, the Summer Palace has been open to the public as a park. Mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kuming Lake, the Summer Palace is honored as the “Imperial Garden Museum”,with more than 100 classical architectures of ethnic features inside the garden, such as palaces, temples, long corridors and stone bridges. Thee artificial landscape inside the Summer Palace is harmoniously combined with natural hills and peaceful lakes, displaying a beautiful picture of landscape to tourists.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==
1、亭台楼阁，池馆水榭，映在青松翠柏之中；假山怪石，花坛盆景，藤萝翠竹，点缀其间。

Among the pines and cypresses are waterside pavilions and towers, with rockeries, flower beds and bonsai, vines and bamboos, dotted with them.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.大殿的四周，古树参天，绿树成荫，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

With resplendent red walls and yellow tiles, the hall is surrounded by a dense crowd of ancient trees giving green shade.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.朱红的宫墙。一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

Outside the vermillion red palace walls, there is an octagonal pagoda-shaped three-story building stands halfway up the mountainside, yellow glazed tiles glittering. This is the antique Pavilion of Buddhist Incense.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.中式风格是一种以宫廷建筑为代表的中国古典建筑的室内装饰设计艺术风格，气势恢弘、壮丽华贵、高空间、大进深、金碧辉煌。雕梁画柱造型讲究对称，色彩讲究对比，装饰材料以木材为主，图案多龙、凤、龟、狮等。但中式风格的装修造价较高，且缺乏现代气息，只能在家居中点缀使用。Chinese style is a kind of art style of interior decoration design of Chinese classical architecture represented by palace architecture, which is of magnificence and splendor with high space and intensive depth. The carved beams and painted columns focus on the symmetry and its color stresses the contrast, whose decoration material is mainly the wood and patterns are many dragons, phoenixes, turtles, lions and so on. But the decoration cost of Chinese style is rather high. Due to its lack of modern breath, it can only be used in home decoration.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。花园分为东、中、西三部分，东花园开阔疏朗，中花园是全园精华所在，西花园建筑精美。By 2014, Humble Administrator’s Garden,located in the northeast corner of Suzhou city, has still been the largest classical garden there with an area of 78 acres. The park stands with water as its center surrounded by landscape, where there are hall pavilions are exquisite, lush Flowers and trees, with a intensive features of Jiangnan Water. The garden is divided into east, middle and west Parts:the East is open and exclusive,the Middle Garden the essence of the garden and the west elegant buildings.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1949年，中华人民共和国成立后，中国政府十分重视圆明园遗址的保护，先后将其列为公园用地和重点文物保护单位。在“文化大革命”中，遗址虽然遭到过一些破坏，但它毕竟被保住了：整个圆明园的水系山形和园林格局依然存在，近半数的土地成为绿化地带。十几万株树木蔚然成林，多数建筑基址尚可找到，数十处假山叠石仍然可见，西洋楼遗址的石雕残迹颇引人注目。After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government attached great importance to the protection of the site of Yuanmingyuan Garden, which was listed as park land and key cultural relics protection unit. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the whole water mountain shape and garden pattern still exist. Nearly half of the land has become green belt. Hundreds of thousands of trees grow into lush forests. Most of the building sites and dozens of rockeries and stones are still visible. The remains of stone carvings in the Western tower site are quite noticeable and attractive.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
整个故宫规模宏大，极为壮观。仅以宫殿的核心部分紫禁城为例，它东西长760米，南北长960米，占地72万多平方米。

The whole palace museum is grand and spectacular. Take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west, 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720000 square meters.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

The whole Palace Museum is grand and spectacular. Just take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

古典园林中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，多数是明、清两代的遗物。中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

There are many famous classical gardens in China, most of them are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal social and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

There are many famous classical gardens existing in China, most of which are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8th, 2007, the summer palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

On May 8th, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽。
At that time, the front palace of the Forbidden City required a magnificent architectural style, its courtyard should be bright and wide, to symbolize the supremacy of the feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner.

2. 苏州园林博物馆以造园工具、陈设家具、建筑构建等实物为主要载体展示园林的传统造园工艺，并运用了现代科技手段展示古典园林的艺术魅力。
The Suzhou Garden Museum uses garden tools, furnishings, architectural construction and other physical objects as the main carrier to display the traditional gardening crafts of the garden, and uses modern technology to show the artistic charm of classical gardens.

3. 颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 08:51, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The palaces in the front of Forbidden City were required to be majestic and wide, representing the supreme status of feudal regime. Taihe Palace is set in the center of diagonal line of the Palace, with ten auspicious beasts at its each four corners.

2. Suzhou Garden Museum belongs to the traditional art which based on tools, furniture and construction, which also applies modern technology to show its charm.

3. Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center outside Forbidden City in Late Qing Dynasty for leaders, which is also the place witnessing many historical events in modern China. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecturereflects the thought of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the full combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can take most advantages of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

Covering an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecture embodies the phylosophy of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the adequate combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can make most of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

With an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace mainly consists of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.第一座中国风格的建筑主要建于黄河流域附近

1.The first communities that can be identified culturally as Chinese were settled chiefly in the basin of the Huang He (Yellow River).

2.苏州园林建筑群位于中国江苏省苏州市，现已被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。

2. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a group of gardens in Suzhou region, Jiangsu province, China, which have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

2. Located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, the Suzhou garden complex is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 18世纪乾隆皇帝对颐和园进行了大规模扩建与翻修，此前颐和园一直是一座皇家园林

3.The domain had long been a royal garden before being considerably enlarged and embellished by Emperor Qianlong in the 18th century.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 11:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==
1.中国传统建筑，论其结构，不论是皇家的宫苑，还是散见于各地的各类型的建筑，包括民居，其结构特点在世界古代建筑史中都是独一无二的。

In terms of the structure of traditional Chinese architecture, it is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, whether it is royal palaces or various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The structure of traditional Chinese architecture is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, seen in royol palaces as well as various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

Due to the constraints of long-term feudal society and historical conditions, Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:44, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed for the constraints of long term feudual society and historical conditions. Therefore, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The summer palace has been announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, together with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. These four gardens are known as the four famous gardens in China. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, all announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1.庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard ,both closed and open,both artificial and natural,is the basic unit of architecture, in which you can enjoy flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon. It not only becomes an expression of the concept "harmony of the nature and man" , but also reflects that Chinese people are both subtle and introverted, and have pioneering national character.

2.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅美丽的图画。

The successful gardens in Suzhou were of course different from each other, as the designers and craftsmen had their own ideas for the gardens. It seems that the designers and craftsmen were unanimous in their desire to make sure that no matter where the visitor stood, there was always a beautiful picture in front of him.

3.卡尔在京期间，除绘制送往美国的慈禧肖像外，还为慈禧另外画了一些画像。这些画像现收藏在北京故宫博物院。在宫中的日子里，卡尔还画了许多素描，将她看到的宫廷生活场景、光绪后妃、宫女及达官贵人记录下来。与人们从照片上看到的不同，卡尔所画的隆裕皇后很俏丽。

When Carl was in Beijing ，she painted several portraits for Cixi except for the one which should be sent to America.Many of these paintings are collected in Beijing Palace Museum.During her stay at the Forbidden city，she also made sketchs to record the palace life and people like miads，concubines of the late imperor Guangxu and high officals.Unlike the pictures of Queen Liongyu，the portraits of her from Carl were quite beautiful.

4.山区多处园林解放前多遭破坏，但山区景物依旧迷人，在亭子上远眺，山庄的各风景点，山庄外的几座大庙，以及承德市区，周围山上的奇峰怪石。

Many of the gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before the liberation, but the mountain scenery is still charming, and the pavilion overlooks the various scenic spots of the mountain resort, and the several large temples outside the mountain resort, as well as the city of Chengde, and the stangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation on the surrounding hills.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.中国建筑中常用的琉璃材料，寿命长，颜色鲜艳，在阳光下耀眼夺目。其较高的成本，象征着财富和地位。

The coloured glazed commonly used in Chinese architecture are of long life and bright colors, dazzling in the sun. Its high cost stands for wealth and status.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are the best in China, and among them the gardens of Suzhou are the best.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。

The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, drawing on the design techniques of Gardens on the Yangtze Delta. It is the most complete preserved royal garden as well, known as the "Royal Garden Forest Museum".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.中国和西方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授”，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心，宗教寺观处于次要地位。

Unlike Christianity in the West, Buddhism doesn't take a dominant position as a social thought in China. Although both China and the West advocated the doctrine of divine right of kings, the former placed more stress on the divine right of nature and the latter on the right of kings. This difference can be found in architecture: for a long time in the West, temples and churches were the mainstream of buildings; in China, however, palaces and capital cities took primacy over religious buildings.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 万象昭辉是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥，尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

The two-storey tower is in the highest position of the park and offers a full view of the pools, corridors, pavilions and stone bridges inside the park. Outside, high-speed trains flash by along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Railway, which are a reminder of past prosperity and current rapid development.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用。

The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

The summer palace is the concentrated embodiment of Chinese gardening philosophy and practice, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 07:15, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 据《清宫二年记》记载，慈禧每年到秋菊傲霜怒放时，总要摘大朵的菊放入枕袋，置头下就寝。

According to ''Records of the Second Year of the Qing Dynasty'', every year when the autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, Cixi would pick large ones and put them into a pillow bag, and went to sleep with it under her head.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 中国建筑艺术，讲究大门、大窗、大进深、大屋檐，视野开阔，直通自然，充分体现“天人合一”的思想。四角飞檐翘起，或扑朔欲飞，或耸立欲飘，让凝固显得欲动。

Chinese architectural art emphasizes large gates, large windows, great depths, and large eaves, with a wide field of vision and direct access to nature, fully reflecting the idea of "unity of nature and man". The four corners of the eaves are raised, or fluttering to fly, or towering to float, appearing to be dynamic in a static state.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林艺术着重意境的塑造，园林中的山水、植被、建筑以及其组成空间关系，不仅是一种物质环境，而且创造了一种精神氛围。

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood. The landscape, vegetation, architecture and spacial arrangement in the garden constitute not only to a physical environment, but also to a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood, the landscape, vegetation, architecture and its constituent spatial relationships in the garden are not only a physical environment, but also create a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园整体布局以万寿山、昆明湖为主体，湖光山色中亭台楼阁、廊榭舫桥、庙堂殿宇等人文建筑与自然山水艺术地融为一体，恢弘大气、富丽堂皇，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake are the main body of the Summer Palace. Amid natural landscape are the pavilions, galleries, bridges, temples and other humanistic architecture. They mix together to be magnificent and splendid, unique in the history of the world's gardens.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 传统建筑的特点是具有民族色彩和地方色彩。中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。

Traditional architecture is with national and local characteristics. Chinese traditional architecture is the most interesting and direct entity and form of traditional culture and national features in Chinese long history.

Traditional architecture is characterized by its national and local flavors. Chinese Traditionalarchitecture is the most spectacular and intuitive carrier and expression of China's long-established culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2. 我国的园林艺术，如果从殷、周时代算起，到现在为止已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。

Since Yin and Zhou Period, Chinese garden art has more than three thousand history. China is one of the earliest countries to start garden arts, playing an essential role in the world, which embodies with high art level and unique national styles.

3. 颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。
The land area of Summer Palace is 293 hectares, mainly consisting of two parts—Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain. There are over 3000 garden buildings with different styles.

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 buildings of various forms of palaces and gardens, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration areas, living areas and sightseeing areas.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

4. 美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯姑娘。20世纪初曾创了两项世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katherine Carl (1858-1938), called Keguniang(柯姑娘) in Chinese. In 20th century, she had made two world record—the first is that she’s the only foreigner who had stayed in palace for a long time. The second is that she’s the one who painted for concubines, who is still alive. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.就整体而言，重要建筑大都采用均衡对称的方式，以庭院为单元，沿着纵轴线与横轴线进行设计，借助于建筑群体的有机组合和烘托，使主体建筑显得格外宏伟壮丽。民居及风景园林则采用了“因天时，就地利”的灵活布局方式。
On the whole, most important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, with courtyards as units, along the vertical and horizontal axes, and with the help of the organic combination and contrast of the building groups, and the main buildings appear extraordinarily magnificent. The residential buildings and landscape gardens have adopted the flexible layout of "convenient in place according to the weather".--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州园林占地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的空间内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥。
Suzhou gardens occupies a small area, adopts infinitely varied and eclectic artistic techniques, embodies the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry with the taste of Chinese landscapes, flowers and birds, embellishes rockeries and trees in a limited space, and arranges pavilions, ponds and bridges.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.与中央建筑群的纵向轴线相呼应的是横贯山麓、沿湖北岸东西逶迤的“长廊”，共273间，全长728米，这是中国园林中最长的游廊。
Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the promenade that traverses the foothills and runs from east to west along the northern shore. There are 273 corridors with a total length of 728 meters. This is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens.

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
其中，秦朝修建的秦始皇陵及长城、隋朝修建的赵州桥、明清两朝的帝王宫殿紫禁城等至今还在向世人展示着中国古代建筑艺术的独特魅力。
Among them, the Qin Dynasty built the Imperial Tomb and the Great Wall, Sui Dynasty built the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Ming and Qing dynasties imperial palace Forbidden City, and so on are still showing the world the unique charm of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。
China's garden art, to pursue the natural spiritual realm as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the " though by human, Wan from heaven " aesthetic purport.
----

颐和园依山傍水，有万寿山和昆明湖，山光水色，交相辉映，入春后，鲜花盛开，绿树成荫，景色诱人。
The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and rivers . It has Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake . The mountains are bright with water.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==

1、中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermillion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2、中国园林是建筑艺术的一种形式，它在本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山、河流、建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路、室内环境。

Chinese garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 2.9 square kilometers，the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake， three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 05:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区， 1961年被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. It is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction and was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 北方园林，因地域宽广，所以范围较大；又因大多为白郡所在，所以建筑富丽堂皇。

The northern gardens occupies a large area because of their widely-spread; and because most of them are located in the White County, the buildings are magnificent.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

The Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also called the Four Famous Gardens in China along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1. 中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，主要有皇家园林，寺院园林和私家园林。
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 tears ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden
2.今天，在江南和长江沿岸的苏州，扬州等地所见的私家园林多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画，展现出独特的魅力
While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience, scattered in south of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River , the private garden are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3，中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域
Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese garden, which is an important field to understand Chinese architecture.

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.古建筑是一座城市的记忆，是城市历史的见证者，它承载着这座城市的文化积淀。一旦损毁，文物本体及其承载的历史文化信息都将不复存在。

The ancient building is the memory of a city and the witness of its history. It bears the cultural accumulation of the city. Once damaged, the cultural relic itself and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist.

As the memory and the witness of a city, the ancient building bears the cultural accumulation of it. Once damaged, the cultural relic and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.中国园林建筑大体分为私家园林建筑,皇家园林建筑和寺庙园林建筑。以苏州和扬州为代表，两者相比,苏州园林更具文人气质,而扬州的园林则偏于工商和贵气。

In general,Chinese garden architecture is divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. With Suzhou and Yangzhou as the representative, the Suzhou gardens bear the style of literati, while the Yangzhou gardens tend to be commercial and noble.

Chinese garden architecture is roughly divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. Taking
Suzhou and Yangzhou as representatives, the former is more literary, while the latter is more inclined to commercial and luxury styles.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares,mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:21, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.很多建筑都是采用对称设计的，这在中国建筑中非常多见。所以在拍摄这种建筑时，建议寻找完美的对称角度来拍摄，呈现建筑的构造特点和美学特征。

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting this kind of building, it is suggested to find a perfect symmetrical angle to shoot, showing the structural characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting, it is suggested that we find a perfect symmetrical angle, revealing the structural and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中式私家花园要求的不仅仅是植物的种植，而是一种自然环境与人类创造的统一。在中式私家花园里，每一棵树的栽种位置，每一块石头的摆放都有其深意。

Chinese private garden requires not only the planting of plants, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the planting position of each tree and the placement of each stone have its profound meaning.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese private garden requires not only planting, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the position of each tree and the placement of each stone have their profound meaning.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。颐和园规模宏大，布置错杂，我们可以分成后山、前山、东宫门、南湖和西堤等四大部分来了解它的。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale and complicated layout. We can divide it into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale with complicated layout. It can be divided into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城长达10千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。

We must refer to the Great Wall when it comes to Chinese culture. Through about 2200 years from the 7th century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., it was built in 19 dynasties successively, reaching over 10 kilometers in length. Main construction project was carried out in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On March 4th, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of National Priority Cultural Relic Protection Sites, famed as “ Four Great Palaces of China” with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator Garden,Lingering Garden simultaneously. The Summer Palace was listed into ''World Heritage List'' in November 1998, and on May 8th, 2007, it was officially ratified as National 5A Scenic Spots by National Tourism Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace, under the acknowledgement of China World Record Association, was selected as the largest extant royal garden of China.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。

Chinese classical garden art mainly refers to Jiangnan private gardens and North royal gardens. Among all the Chinese traditional buildings, classic gardens boasts unique achievement, which is widely acknowledged as the Mother of the World Gardens, a miracle of the art of the world, and significant heritage of human civilization. The construction technique of Chinese gardens has been adored and imitated by western countries, ushering in “Chinese garden craze” in the occidental world.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
世界上大多数伟大的建筑都是石料建筑，因为石料建筑不仅外形漂亮、持久耐用，而且石头到处可见。在过去，整个城市的建筑物都是从艰苦的石块切割和堆砌发展起来的。
Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and pilling stone upon.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, durability, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组合成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。
The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful integration of diverse elements,ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
The Summer Palace,dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 29 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a varity of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures.Well-known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

中国传统建筑的第四个特点，更加体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。
The fourth feature of Chinese traditional architecture represents the thinking of “ unity of heaven and human beings”, which fits the desire of “returning to nature” of modern people.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。
It has been recognized worldwide as the mother of gardens, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization. The techniques of building gardens have been advocated and imitated by Western countries, raising “a Chinese gardens mania” in those countries.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。
It was a large landscape garden as well as the best preserved royal pavilion which took Kunming Lake, and Wanshou Mountain as base address, and West Lake in Hangzhou as chief source, and drew design methods of gardens in regions south of Yangtze River, known as “royal gardens museum”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

她与慈禧太后的亲密接触，促使她完成了这部稀有之作——为世人真实地展示了没落前的大清帝国谜一般的宫廷暮霭和迷一般的慈禧皇太后的私密生活。
Her close contact with Cixi drove her to finish the precious work, which unveiled royal enigma of the Qing Dynasty before it declined and private life of empress dowager Cixi to the world.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。
Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most splendid and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of Chinese traditional culture with a long history and national characteristics.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form for Chinese long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林区别于世界上其他园林体系的最大特点，在于它不以创造呈现在人们眼前的具体园林形象为最终目的，它追求的是意境。
The biggest feature of Chinese gardens that distinguishes it from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a concrete garden image that is presented to people as its ultimate goal.It pursues artistic conception.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The biggest feature that distinguishes Chinese gardens from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a specific garden image in front of people as its ultimate goal, but rather the pursuit of the mood.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 中国古代建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。
Chinese ancient architectural art is a part of Chinese traditional culture. In the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese ancient architecture has gradually formed its own system and characteristics. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，是人类文明的重要遗产。
Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of world gardens, the wonder of world art, and the important heritage of human civilization. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of gardens in the world, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。
Based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Taking West Lake in Hangzhou as the chief source, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 卡尔对慈禧的第一印象很好，她认为这位太后“看上去非常和善、年轻而又带着迷人笑容”。慈禧对卡尔也甚为满意，称她“柯姑娘”，并安排她住在距颐和园不远的醇亲王别墅，便于她每天早朝后进园画像。
Carl had a good first impression of Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called her "Miss Ke" and arranged for her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa not far from the Summer Palace, so that it was very convenient for her to make portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Carl had a good first impression on Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called Karl "Miss Ke" and arranged her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa, which is not far from the Summer Palace, so as to draw portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

假山和石花园是中国园林建筑的重要组成部分。
The artificial mountain and rock garden is the integral element of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountain and rock garden are the integral elements of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountains and gardens of stone are important parts of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

中国园林善于和借景，不会死板地将景观以对称的方式排列，而是会将大大小小的景观不守成规精妙地排列。
The Chinese garden architecture characterized by taking advantages of the environment and shun symmetry along axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese garden architecture is characterized by taking advantages of the scenes. It arrangs different landscapes in an irregular but exquisite form rather than rigid and symmetrical one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，园区主要有万寿山，昆明湖两大景区组成。颐和园是“三山五园”之一，也是中国最后一座皇家林园。
The Summer Palace is the royal garden covering the largest area in the world. It is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of the three mountains and five gardens and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, which is mainly composd of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "the three mountains and five gardens" and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "Three Hills and Five Gardens" , as well as the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. 建筑物是人类智慧的结晶，更是城市文化的集中体现，每座令人眼前一亮的城市，除了风景的不可复制外，建筑则是夺人眼球的元素，从曲线到块面，都适合通过镜头语言来表达。

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and the concentrated symbol of urban culture. Apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are eye-catching elements that can be expressed from curves to blocks.

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and a concentrated expression of urban culture. In every city that is eye-catching, apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are having eye-catching elements, from curves to blocks.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 14:00, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 苏州园林当中的耦园就处于大吉之地。耦园的南（前）有河道，楼厅、重檐楼阁、藏书楼殿后，北面（后面）又枕河，西（右）有大路，东（左）为流水。

The coupling garden among Suzhou gardens is located in a prosperous place. In the south (front) of Coupling Garden, there are river courses, buildings and halls, double-eaved pavilions, the back of the library, the north (back) and the pillow river, the west (right) has a main road, and the east (left) is running water. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

3. 但是，当1994年承德避暑山庄被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》后，经过近十年的整治与恢复性建设，犹如一位灰姑娘摇身变成了王妃，在肇建300周年的庆典之日，她终于展露出应有的面貌与价值。

However, when Chengde Mountain Resort was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994, after nearly ten years of renovation and restoration construction, it was like a Cinderella turning into a princess. On the celebration day of the 300th anniversary of its establishment, she finally showed her due appearance and value. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主, 现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly featured with wood structure, and western traditional architecture, brick structure, and modern architecture, reinforced concrete. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.在设计屋顶花园的同时要考虑屋顶的承重和防水、渗水设计。任何屋顶的承重力度均在建筑设计规范中，无论什么形式的绿化园艺园林设计前要考虑进去。

In the design of roof garden, we should consider the load-bearing, waterproof and seepage design of the roof. The load-bearing strength of any roof is in the architectural design code, which should be taken into account before any form of greening, horticulture and landscape design.

3.2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Record Association.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:10, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure, and modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.古建筑是科学发展的标志，构成了中华民族古代文明的一部分。

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, constitutes one part of ancient Chinese civilizations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture is the symbol of scientific development, which constitutes one part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, is a part of the ancient Chinese civilization.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 02:07, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
2.在中国艺术史上，文学艺术与园林艺术相辅相成，彼此促进，交相辉映。

In the history of Chinese art, the arts of literature and garden mutually reinforce, promote and enhance each other's beauty.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.北京颐和园作为中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

The Summer Palace in Beijing, as the largest and the best-preserved imperial garden in China, was honored as the Museum of Imperial Gardens.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
建筑既是规划，设计和建设的过程又是其产品。中国古代建筑作品通常被视为文化象征和中华民族所创造的艺术品。

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Ancient Chinese architectural works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art of the Chinese nation.

中国园林建筑的特点是利用环境优势，使自然风光与人文情趣融为一体。园林建筑的外观应符合美学，富有表现力，并可以增强周围环境的美感。

The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenery and human interests could be merged. The appearances of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings.

颐和园，明清时期的皇家园林，前身是清漪园，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。与小家碧玉的江南园林相比，颐和园多了一份皇室气度和威严。

The Summer Palace, a royal garden of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is honored as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is a national key tourist attraction. Compared with the small beautiful Jiangnan gardens, the Summer Palace has more imperial atmosphere and majesty.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。中国古代建筑的类型很多，主要有宫殿、坛庙、寺观、佛塔、民居和园林建筑等。

2.第二，花木种类众多，布局有法。江南气候土壤适合花木生长。园林堪称集植物之大成，且多奇花珍木，如拙政园中的山茶和明画家文徵明手植藤。

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

1. There are many types of ancient Chinese buildings, mainly including palaces, temples, temples, pagodas, residential buildings and garden buildings.

2. Second, full of different flowers and trees, and the whole layout is satisfactory. The climate and soil situation in Jingnan is suitable for flowers and trees, and gardens, as a collection of plants, cover various rare flowers and trees, such as the camellia in the Humble Administrator's Garden and the hand-planting of vines by Ming painter Wen Zhengming.

3. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was listed among World Heritage List in November 1998.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:34, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.中国传统建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。

Traditional Chinese architecture art is part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long-term cause of history development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture gradually has formed its own systems and characteristics. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Chinese architecture art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture has gradually formed its own systems and characteristics.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:28, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by Jiangnan's private garden and the northern royal garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻，以昆明湖为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Royal Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large landscape garden, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan, with Kunming Lake as the base site, Hangzhou West Lake as the model, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan Garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.中国不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

Different regions have different architectural styles in China, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Different regions of China have different architectural styles, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese gardens combine color, fragrance and rhyme. Since ancient times, they have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool. It is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional gardens, integrating color, fragrance and charm, have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool since ancient times, which is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, a Chinese imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty, formerly known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly Known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of 290 hectares(2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:11, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.中国古代的匠师在建筑装饰中最敢于使用色彩也最善于使用色彩。这个特点是和中国建筑的木结构体系分不开的。因为木料不能经久，所以，中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固木构件用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

Ancient Chinese craftsmen were the most daring to use color and the best at using color in architectural decoration. This feature is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because wood is not durable, Chinese architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood to protect the joints of wood and reinforced wood components with tenon-and-mortise joints, and at the same time increase aesthetics, to achieve a combination of practicality, solidity and beauty.

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩（约合5.2公顷）。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。

The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (approximately 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, exquisite halls and pavilions, luxuriant flowers and trees, with strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden were also called China’s four famous gardens. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.

4.1906年，慈禧太后下禁缠足令，开中国解放妇女之先河。

In 1906, the Empress Dowager Cixi issued a foot-binding order, which was a precedent for the liberation of women in China.

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1.框架式结构是中国古代建筑在建筑结构上最重要的一个特征。“墙倒屋不塌”这句古老的谚语，概括地指出了中国建筑这种框架结构最重要的特点。

Frame structure is one of the most important features of the ancient Chinese buildings. The old saying " Even though the wall collapses, the building stands" is a generalization of this most important feature.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

The art of Chinese garden building regards the pursuit of natural spiritual realm as the ultimate goal, so as to embody the aesthetic purport of "looking like the nature's work though actually created by human beings.".--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基础，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, built by the Kun Ming Lake and on the Wan Shou Mountain, is a large landscape garden, taking the West Lake of Hangzhou as the blueprint and applying the design method of the gardens located in the south of Yangtze River.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

7月16日至30日，在四川美术学院美术馆展出的《“见微知著方寸之间”中国建筑艺术之美》展览让人印象深刻。中国唐宋明清时期建筑的绝代风华，梁思成、陈从周等建筑大师的心血之作尽收眼底。

From July 16th to 30th, the exhibition " From 'pars pro toto' to See the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Art" at the Art Museum of Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts was impressive. We can appreciate the unparalleled beauty of architectures in China's Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the painstaking works of architects such as Liang Sicheng and Chen Congzhou.

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，在漫长的时间里，形成了皇家园林、寺观园林、私家园林三足鼎立的格局。
Chinese garden building history is more than two thousand years. Over a long period of time, three pillars which are imperial gardens, temple gardens, and private gardens have been formed.
Chinese garden building has a long history of over 2000 years, during which a tripartite structure of royal gardens, temple gardens and private gardens has been formed.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园坐落在北京西郊,主要由昆明湖和万寿山两部分组成,占地面积约290公顷。它既是一座极具江南风情的大型山水园林,又是我国保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑,1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。
The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Longevity Mountain, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is not only a large-scale landscape garden with great Jiangnan characteristics, but also the most intactly preserved imperial palace garden in my country. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in 1998.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:44, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.巍峨耸立于武昌蛇山的黄鹤楼，自古享有“天下江山第一楼“和“天下绝景”之称，与岳阳楼、滕王阁并称“江南四大名楼”，相传始建于三国时期吴黄武二年（公元223年）。崔颢一首黄鹤楼题词，已成为千古绝唱，更使黄鹤楼名声大噪。

The Yellow Crane Tower stands atop Snake Mountain, Wuchang. Since ancient times, it has been "a great wonder of the world". Indeed, it is no less famous thanYueyang Tower or Tengwang Pavilion. They are known as"hree famous buildings in the South of Yangtse river".The exact building time was the 2nd Year (223) of Eastern Wu, Three Kingdoms Period. Cui Hao improvised a poem Inscription on Yellow Crane Tower, which has been lauded as a tour de force."--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林架构的特征在于利用自然环境，以使天然场景和人的兴趣相结合。经典花园架构往往点缀诗歌书画。他们顺沿对称轴，采用不规则的和复杂的布局，利用大大小小的空间。花园建筑的外观应该是有美感和有表现力的，增强周围环境的美。

The Chinese gardens are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be merged. The classic gardens architectures are often embellished with calligraphy of poems and with paintings. They shun symmetry along an axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces. The appearance of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings. --[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese garden architectures, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design:"The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4.故事是这么说的，在19世纪80年代帝国主义混乱动荡的年代，慈禧太后挪用海军资金3000万银子来改造和重建宫殿，她建造一个巨大的大理石和玉“船”。但是这艘船没有满足皇家海军的第一个要求——浮起来。

As the story goes, the Empress Dowager Cixi, during the chaotic and tumultuous imperialist years of the 1880s, embezzled navy funds–30 million tales of silver–to revamp and reconstruct the Palace, which included her construction of a massive marble and jade "boat". However, the boat did not fulfill the first requirement of the imperial navy–it failed to float.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==

1.从古至今，中国人一直追求着造物里的对称美，从皇城宫苑到普通民宅，从群体建筑的规划到一户一室的布局，从亭台楼阁到轩榭廊舫……我们处处都可见中式对称的影子。

From ancient times to the present, Chinese people have been pursuing the symmetrical beauty in creation. From imperial palace gardens to ordinary houses, from the planning of group buildings to the layout of one family and one room, and from pavilions to porches, we can see the shadow of Chinese symmetry everywhere.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.古代从有文字记载的殷周算起，中国园林已有3000多年的历史。随着社会的进步，中国园林逐渐形成独特的民族形式，自成体系。

In ancient times, Chinese gardens have a history of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Yin and Zhou dynasties, which are recorded in writing. With the progress of society, Chinese gardens gradually have a unique national form and build a system of its own.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.在文学创作中有“明线”与“暗线”相结合的写作手法，如果用这种思路去研究颐和园，那么在这座政治与园林相结合的皇家园林中，也可以看到祈求天下一统的政治文化和封建帝王治理江山的思想脉络，在这里表现为镇山、镇水与治民思想。

In literary creation, there is a combination of "open lines" and "dark lines". If you use this idea to study the Summer Palace, then in this royal garden that combines politics and gardens, you can also see the political culture which prays for the unity of the world and the ideological context of the feudal emperor’s governance of the country, which is expressed as the thoughts of suppressing mountains and water, and governing people.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==
1.Chinese architecture, the built structures of China, specifically those found in the 18 historical provinces of China that are bounded by the Tibetan Highlands on the west, the Gobi to the north, and Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam to the southwest.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

中国建筑，即中国的建筑结构，特别是在中国的18个历史省份中发现的那些建筑，这些省份以西部的西藏高地，北部的戈壁和西南部的缅甸（缅甸），老挝和越南为边界。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Principles of landscape design formulated in Suzhou in the 16th and 17th centuries deeply inform Liu Fang Yuan.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

16世纪和17世纪苏州制定的景观设计原则深刻地影响了刘方圆。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palace’s landscaped gardens, temples, and pavilions were designed to achieve harmony with nature, to soothe, and to please the eye. --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园的园景花园，寺庙和凉亭的设计旨在实现与自然的和谐，舒缓和愉悦的目光。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

20201102 cult

2020-11-09T06:06:30Z

NgoThiMinhHuong: /* Ngo, Thi Minh Huong */

==Alsied, Saffana==

==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==

1.中国建筑艺术是中国人的伦理观、审美观、价值观和自然观的深刻体现。

Chinese architectural art is a profound manifestation of Chinese ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.
Chinese architectural art profoundly manifests Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
Chinese architectural art greatly embodies Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.园林中的“景”不是纯天然的模仿，而是赋予诗情画意，即将自然山水景物经过艺术提炼加工再现于园林之中。

The "scenery" in the garden is not a purely natural imitation, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.
The "scenery" in the garden is not a imitation of pure nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
The "scenery" in the garden didn't merely imitate the nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.颐和园的整个园林艺术构思巧妙，在中外园林艺术史上地位显著，是举世罕见的园林景观。

The garden art of the Summer Palace is ingeniously conceived and has a predominant position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare garden landscape in the world.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:11, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

The whole garden art of the summer palace is ingenious and Being a rare landscape in the world, it has a prominent position in the history of garden art at home and abroad.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Chen Han 陈涵==

1. 中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

To protect wood and reinforce mortice and tenon joint, paint and tung oil were used quite early in Chinese architecture, which shows its practicality, sturdiness and attractiveness.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Garden for Lingering In, The Master-of-Nets Garden and The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty do not cover a large area, but artistic techniques and methods of gardening are used to simulate natural scenery by integrating pavilions with spring, stones, flowers and trees, creating an ideal space of “forest in city” and “being close to nature in the busy city”.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 园内的主体建筑为大报恩延寿寺，并有一条长达700多米的长廊，其建筑与装饰绘画都相当精彩，具有艺术价值。

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is the Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is a Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 慈禧并不了解油画，绘制宫廷画像又有无数陈规，这给卡尔造成了许多困扰，她既不能选择背景，也不能自由安排构图。

Cixi did not know oil painting and the royal portrait was subject to numerous stereotypes，thus posing Carl a lot of difficulties. She could neither choose the background nor arrange the composition freely. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Cixi didn't know much about oil painting and there were countless stereotypes for royal portraits resulted in difficulties for Carl. She culd neither choose the background nor arrange the composition. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Jingjing 陈静静==

1.汉宫殿突出雄伟、威严的气势，后苑和附属建筑却又表现出雅致、玲珑的柔和之美，这与秦相比显然又有了很大的艺术进步。

The Palace in the Han Dynasty stood out with its majesty while the backyards and annexes are more elegant and exquisite, which have made outstanding artistic progress compared with Qin Dynasty.

2.我国园林，有着悠久的历史，它那“虽由人作，宛自天开”的艺术原则，那融传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

The garden in China enjoys a long history, whose artistic principle of "with natural beauty though made by man" and feature of "combination of traditional arts, literature, calligraphy and painting, sculpture and craft" make it unique among the world gardens.

3.当游人步入颐和园仁寿门，一眼便可以看到这块“寿星石”，巨石仿佛一位饱经风霜的老人，迎接着清晨的日出与瑰丽的晚霞。

When travellers walked into the Renshou gate, what salutes their eyes directly is this "Longevity stone", which seems like a weather-beaten old man, waiting for the early morning sunrise and glorious sunset.

4.她曾以揣度一位七旬老人的心态去接近慈禧，却在年龄之外，感受到一种旺盛的、孜孜不倦的好胜之心……

She once approached Cixi out of the purpose of trying to figure out what a-seventy-year-old woman is like but came to find a kind of vigorous and tireless eagerness to win inside her.--[[User:Chen Jingjing|Chen Jingjing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jingjing|talk]]) 12:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

==Dashkin, Gennadii==

1.Traditional Chinese buildings have tile roofs with swooping eaves.

中国传统建筑的屋檐瓦屋顶呈弧形。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese garden is a good example of Chinese ancient architecture, including temples, pagodas, and pavilions besides.

中国园林是中国古代建筑的典范，除了寺庙，宝塔和凉亭。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palaces are large and well-preserved park in the north of Beijing.

颐和园是北京北部一个保存完好的大型公园。--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Chen Yongxiang 陈永相==

==Ding Daifeng 丁代凤==

1. 因为建筑源于人类的需求和愿望，所以它可以清楚地传达文化价值。在所有的视觉艺术中，建筑最直接地影响了我们的生活，因为它在很多方面决定了我们生存的环境特征。

Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicate cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Because architecture derives from human needs and desires, it clearly conveys cultural values.Of all visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly because it determines in many ways the environmental characteristics of our existence. --[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:29, 7 November 2020 (UTC)
2. 石头和假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some large stones form scenery of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Stones and rockery space are the main characteristics of gardens in southern China. Odd-shaped stones often have eye-catching ripple lines and water holes. The huge stones can form a scene by themselves, while the smaller stones are piled up to form a rockery, adding incomparable charm to the garden.--[[User:Gennadii Dashkin|Gennadii Dashkin]] ([[User talk:Gennadii Dashkin|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉==
1:修建在崇山峻岭之上、蜿蜒万里的长城，是人类建筑史上的奇迹。
Built on the high mounytains and winding thousands of miles, the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of architecture,--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall, built on the steep mountains and winding for miles and miles, is a miracle in the history of human architecture.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall,built on the lofty mountains and winding thousands of miles, is a miracle in the history of architecture.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:48, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

2：在古典园林中，中国园林有皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林、风景园林；西方古典园林有规则式园林与自然风致园。
Thg Chinese classical garden is classified into loyal garden, private garden,temple garden and landscape garden, while the western garden into regular style and natural style one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

In classical gardens, Chinese gardens include royal gardens, private gardens, monastery gardens, and landscape gardens; Western classical gardens include regular gardens and naturalistic gardens.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3：颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

Besides the Forbbiden City, the Summer Palace was also the most important political and diplomatic activity center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty,as well as a significant witness of modern Chinese history and the site of important historical events.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the late Qing rulers outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness to China's modern history and the site of many important historical events.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:03, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gao Mingzhu 高明珠==
1、从庄严雄伟的宫殿坛庙到粉墙黛瓦的江南园林，从多姿多彩的民居村落到雪域高原的辉煌寺庙，这些传统建筑以其悠久的历史传承高超的营建技术和独特的艺术魅力，在世界建筑史上独树一帜、自成体系。

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious monasteries locating at snowy plateau, such traditional Chinese buildings inherit through their long histories superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, which makes them develop a unique school in world architectural history. --[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious pagodas on the snowy plateau, these traditional Chinese buildings, with their long history, superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, have emerged unique and self-contained in world architecture.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2、师法自然，融于自然，顺应自然，表现自然——这是中国古代园林体现“天人合一”民族文化所在，是独立于世界之林的最大特色，也是永具艺术生命力的根本原因。

Learning from nature, being harmony with nature, conforming to nature and representing nature are the embodiment of national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature" in Chinese ancient garden which is the greatest characteristic for Chinese ancient garden to be independent of world garden and also the root reason for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Learning from nature, being in harmony with nature, following the law of nature and illustrating nature—this is where the ancient Chinese garden embodies the national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature", the most distinctive characteristic among other counterparts in the world and also the root for its eternal artistic vitality.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，也是中国最后一座皇家园林，园区主要由万寿山、昆明湖两大风景区组成。

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last royal garden in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last one in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4、1905年，慈禧为改善其国际形象，授意美国艺术家凯瑟琳·卡尔为她创作肖像，并将此画赠予美国总统西奥多·罗斯福，以表示她对美国人民的友好。

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, inspired an American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and then send it to American president Theodore Rovers to show her goodwill to American people.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, commissioned the American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and presented it to the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to show her goodwill to the American people.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Grosheva, Anna==

1. Some Chinese buildings feature balconies covered with elaborate iron and woodwork.
一些中国建筑的阳台上覆盖着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

一些中国建筑的特点是阳台上装饰着精致的铁和木制品。--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:51, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. In the garden, rocks, ancient trees and flowers present a harmonious picture.
在花园中，岩石，古树和鲜花呈现出和谐的画面。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Summer Palace blends rocks, trees, lakes, pavilions, paths, and bridges creating a poetic imperial garden.
颐和园融合了岩石，树木，湖泊，凉亭，小路和桥梁，形成了诗意的皇家花园。--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
1.中国古建筑在建筑与环境的配合和协调方面有着很高的成就，有许多精辟的理论与成功的经验。古人不仅考虑建筑物内部环境主次之间、相互之间的配合与协调，而且也注意到它们与周围大自然环境的协调。
Chinese ancient architecture has a high degree of achievement in the coordination and harmony between architecture and the environment, and has many insightful theories and successful experiences. The ancients not only considered the coordination and harmony between the internal environment of buildings, but also the harmony between them and the surrounding natural environment.

2. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional gardening art, Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, based on the surrounding landscape environment, full of the magnificent splendor of China's royal gardens, but also full of natural interest, highly reflects the "though made by man, as if from the sky" of gardening guide lines.

3.简单的说，中国建筑类型中，园林包含了最多的文人智慧、情感。我们也可以从文人参与的诗文和绘画角度——这些关乎造园立意的角度——去观察园林发展的历史

Simply put, among Chinese architectural types, gardens contain the most literary wisdom and emotion. We can also look at the history of the development of gardens from the perspective of poetry and painting, which were involved in the literati's participation in the creation of gardens.

==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==
1.1949年中华人民共和国建立后，中国建筑进入新的历史时期，大规模、有计划的国民经济建设，推动了建筑业的蓬勃发展。中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, whether in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution or in level of modernization ,modern Chinese architecture has broken through those of the limitations in modern times, taking on a new look.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, today's Chinese architecture has broken through those limitations of modern times' architecture in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution as well as the level of modernization , taking on a new look.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国的园林建筑在世界园林史上享有盛名。在3000多年前的周朝，中国就有了最早的宫廷园林。此后，中国的都城和地方著名城市无不建造园林,在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of Landscape Architecture of the world. Early over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of World Landscape Architecture. Over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were the earlest imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and rich connotations.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观 ,因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 05:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers away from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the late Qing Dynasty.It is not only listed on the World Heritage Sites but also one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

==Gui Yizhi 桂一枝==
1.传统中国建筑在将空间单位联成一体时遵循的是平衡与对称的原则。

The combinations of units of space in traditional Chinese architecture follow the principles of balance and symmetry.

2.中国园林可分为御花酬私家花园两类，有时人们也会加上风景园林。御花园都在北方，私家花园则多见于南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京三地最多。

Chinese gardens can be divided into two categories, the imperial the private, and sometimes landscape gardens are considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.

Chinese gardens fall into two categories, the imperial ones and the private ones, and sometimes landscape gardens are also considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 11:56, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛若天开”的造林原则。

As an archetypal garden of the traditional gardening design, the Summer Palace, resorting to its surrounding mountains and water, radiates not only the grandeur of a Chinese imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of the traditional Chinese gardening design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Gui Yizhi|Gui Yizhi]] ([[User talk:Gui Yizhi|talk]]) 09:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Guirou, Barthelemy==

1.壁画艺术是悠久的中华文明史上的花开奇观之一。自1960年代以来，它被普遍认为是秦始皇的“司马油画”，是陕西咸阳市尧典村发掘的，是古代考古中壁画的开端。

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered the "Sima Painting" of the Qin Dynasty that was unearthed from Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered as the "Sima Painting" of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty that was unearthed at Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.--[[User:Gao Mingzhu|Gao Mingzhu]] ([[User talk:Gao Mingzhu|talk]]) 02:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国古典园林的设计试图以微缩的方式再现自然景观，在历史名城苏州的四个园林中，都没有比这更好的例证。

Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the four gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.

3.颐和园是中国最大和最好的皇家花园之一。

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial garden in China.

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial gardens in China.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 10:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

4.凯瑟琳·奥古斯塔·卡尔（Katherine Augusta Carl）是一位美国作家和画家，他在中国寄出了9个月的时间，为慈禧太后画肖像。

Katherine Augusta Carl was an American author and painter who sent nine months in China painting portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi.

==Guo Lu 郭露==

==Ha, Thi Thu Hang==

1. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。

2. Buddhism was one of China’s most important religions in the past.

佛教是中国过去最重要的宗教之一。

佛教曾是中国最重要的宗教之一。--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:41, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Traditional architecture is a precious part of the cultural heritage of the Chinese people.

传统建筑是中国人民文化遗产的宝贵组成部分。

4. The Summer Palace is grand in scale and includes the differing styles of famous Chinese gardens.

颐和园规模宏大，包括风格各异的中国著名园林。--[[User:HATHITHUHANG2|HATHITHUHANG2]] ([[User talk:HATHITHUHANG2|talk]]) 15:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==He Changqi 何长琦==

==Hu Baihui 胡百辉==

1.园林建筑既要满足各种园林活动和使用上的要求，又是园林景物之一；既是物质产品，也是艺术作品。但园林建筑给人精神上的感受更多。因此，艺术性要求更高，除要求具有观赏价值外，还要求富有诗情画意。
Garden architecture should not only meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also be one of the landscape objects; it is not only a material product, but also an artistic work. But landscape architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the requirement of artistry is higher, which requires not only ornamental value, but also poetic and picturesque.
2.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。
Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.
3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The summer palace is the most important political and diplomatic center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

==Hu Jin 胡瑾==
1. 中国古代建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到商朝(公元前16世纪-公元前771年)。它有自己的结构和布局原则。经过长期的发展，聪明的中国劳动人民创造了许多建筑奇迹。

1. Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). It has its own principles of structure and layout. Through the long development, many architectural wonders have created by clever Chinese labouring people.

2. 中国的私家园林是中国园林文化的杰作，它的贡献甚至超过皇家园林--它们都受中国传统哲学文化思想的影响并将人、自然个建筑结合在一起。

2. China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, the contribution of its even more than the royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical culture ideas and combine people, nature and architecture.

2.The private gardens in China are masterpieces of Chinese garden culture, and their contribution is even more than that of royal gardens. They are influenced by Chinese traditional philosophy and culture and combine human and natural buildings together.

3. 颐和园的英文名称"Summer Palace", 意思是这里是皇帝在夏大的居住之地—一个离城不远、位与乡村的、供帝王后妃们逍遥游乐的紫禁城。

3. As its name implies，the Summer Palace was used as a summer residence by China's imperial rulers--as a retreat from the main imperial palace now known as the Palace Museum or Forbidden City-a pleasureground in the countryside，yet near to the city.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:11, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪==

南朝建筑遗物无存，也不如北朝建筑能从敦煌壁画及佛教石窟得知其形像，只能从少量墓葬壁画及经百济传於日本的飞鸟样间接推断其形像。

Unlike architectures in the North Dynasty, whose image could be found in the Dunhuang murals and some Buddhist caves, there are no surviving relics of architectures in the South Dynasty and can only be infeered form a small number of tomb paintings and bird-like figures transmitted to Japan via Baekje.

北方园林模仿江南，早在明代中叶已见端倪。北京西北郊海淀镇一带，北京皇家园林，湖泊罗布，泉眼特多，官僚贵戚们纷纷在这里买地造园，其中不少即有意识的模仿江南水乡的园林风貌。

The northern gardening began to imitate the style of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the imperial gardens in northwest suburb of Haidian Town, where lies numerous lakes and springs, and a handful of bureaucrats and aristocrats have bought land here to build gardens, many of whose style are of the style in the south of the Yangtze River.

1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，对故宫建筑进行了大规模的修缮，同时整理出大量的文物。1961年国务院颁布故宫为全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City has undergone a large scale of restoration while sorted out a number of relics after the foundation of the Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council has designated the Forbidden City as the protection cultural relics at the national level.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Forbidden City was renovated on a large scale and many cultural relics were sorted out. In 1961,it was included as a national key cultural relic by the State Council.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

慈禧一生中领导过两次改革，第一次是洋务运动，第二次是清末新政，前者是物质层面上的变革，后者是体制层面上的变革。

Cixi has led two reform in total in her life, the first one was the Westernization Movement and the second the new Policy Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, and the former one is a material one, the later institutional one.--[[User:Jiang Fengyi|Jiang Fengyi]] ([[User talk:Jiang Fengyi|talk]]) 09:48, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Cixi led two reforms in her life:the Westernization Movement and the New policy Reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The former is a material change, while the latter is institutional. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮==
1. 建筑指的是规划、设计和修建建筑物及其他实体结构的过程或其产物。实体结构的建筑物经常被认为是文化标志和艺术结晶。

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是指在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段，通过改造地形、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域。园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等。

Gardens refer to the aesthetic nature environment and play area, which are created by transforming terrain, planting trees, flowers and grasses, constructing architecture, setting paths and so on with certain engineering technology of regional application and means of artistic expression. And gardens consist of yards, private gardens, small gardens, flower gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etcetera.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国清朝时期皇家园林，位于北京西郊，5A级国家景区。颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。

The Summer Palace, a national 5A level tourist attraction, is a Chinese royal garden in Qing dynasty, situated in the western suburbs of Beijing. Based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, it is a large-scale landscape garden with the West Lake in Hangzhou as its blueprint and the design techniques of gardens in regions south of the Yangtze River. The Summer Palace is the most well-preserved imperial palace for temporary stay, which is regarded as the "museum of imperial gardens". Besides, it's also a major tourist attraction in China.--[[User:Jiang Qiwei|Jiang Qiwei]] ([[User talk:Jiang Qiwei|talk]]) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Kang Haoyu 康浩宇==
1.滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的12米高台座，分为两级。台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”格式，即从外面看是三层带回廊建筑，而内部却有七层，就是三个明层，三个暗层，加屋顶中的设备层。

The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has a net height of 57.5 meters and covers an area of 13,000 square meters. The lower part is a 12-meters-high pedestal which symbolizes the ancient city wall, and it is divided into two levels. The main pavilion above the pedestal adopts the format of "Seeming three but actually seven", that is, from the outside, it seems like a three-story building with cloisters, while the interior has seven floors, three outer floors and three inner floors, plus the equipment floor in the roof.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.东园是利用蒋桃园废墟，古城墙遗址和内城河，通过人工改造而成。原内城河挖成辽阔的水面，在绵延的古城遗址上广植花木，构成了以山水为主景观的新型现代园林。

The East Garden was artificially reconstructed from the ruins of Jiangtaoyuan, the ruins of the ancient city wall and the inner artificial city river. The original inner city river was dug into a vast water surface, and flowers and trees were widely planted on the ancient city ruins, forming a new modern garden with mountains and waters as the main landscape.
--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)
3.苏州街又称“买卖街”，是后湖两岸仿江南水镇而建。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。

Suzhou Street, also known as "Trading Street", was built on both sides of Back Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. During Qingyi Garden period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are all eunuchs and maids who dressed up.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆==

1.故宫外朝，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

The Palace Museum faces outwards, its buildings are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.

The Imperial Palace, solemn and magnificent, facing towards the outside, is famed as the quintessence of ancient Chinese architecture art.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Imperial Palace facing outwards are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 03:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林建筑是园林景观中必不可少的要素,满足不同群体休憩、游览、集会等功能需求。古典园林建筑有成熟的营造理论和审美情趣,承载着多彩的民族文化和精神内涵。

Garden architecture is an indispensable element in the garden landscape, meeting the functional needs of different groups such as rest, tour, and assembly. Classical garden architecture has mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, and carries colorful national culture and spiritual connotation.

Garden architecture, as an indispensable of garden landscapes, meets the functional needs of different groups including rest, sightseeing, and gathering and so on. Classical garden architecture, with mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, carries abundant national cultures and spiritual connotations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Garden architecture is an essential element in landscape, to meet the needs of different groups of rest, tour, assembly and other functions. Classical garden architecture has a mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, bearing a colorful national culture and spiritual connotation. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)--[[User:Lei Fangyuan|Lei Fangyuan]] ([[User talk:Lei Fangyuan|talk]]) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, originally named Qingyi Yuan, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. Covering about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), it's 15 kilometers away from the city, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:39, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪==

1、当代建筑领域里，把使用木材和传统施工方法，按照传统样式建成的建筑叫做“古建”。把使用混凝土或者钢材或其他建筑材料，并且使用现代建筑施工方法和施工工艺，模仿古建筑形式的建筑叫“仿古建”。

In the field of contemporary architecture, buildings were built in accordance with traditional styles and using wood and traditional construction methods are called "ancient architecture".then the buildings were constracted by concrete or steel or other materials and using modern building construction methods and construction techniques, those imitated the ancient form of architecture is called "archaizing".

2、园林是传统中国文化中的一种艺术形式，受到传统"礼乐"文化影响很深。通过地形、山水、建筑群、花木等作为载体衬托出人类主体的精神文化。

Garden is an art form in traditional Chinese culture, which is deeply influenced by traditional "rites and music" culture.using topography, landscape, architectural complex, flowers and trees as the carrier to foil the spiritual culture of the human subject.

3、1900年园内建筑及文物遭八国联军破坏，1902年修复。颐和园尽管大体上全面恢复了清漪园的景观，但很多质量上有所下降。许多高层建筑由于经费的关系被迫减矮，尺度也有所缩小。

In 1900, the buildings and cultural relics of the park were destroyed by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and restored in 1902.Although the Summer Palace has largely restored the landscape of the Garden of qingyi, many of its features have been degraded.Also many high-rise buildings are forced to be reduced due to the cost, the scale has also been reduced.--[[User:Lei kuangxi|Lei kuangxi]] ([[User talk:Lei kuangxi|talk]]) 14:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

==Li Lili 李丽丽==
1．建筑不仅仅是技术科学，而且是一种艺术。中国古代建筑经过长时期的努力，同时吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺美术等造型艺术的特点，创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After a long period of hard work, Chinese ancient architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional Chinese arts, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, creating rich and colorful artistic images.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. 我国地域广大，东西南北的气候地理条件及物产各不相同，因而园林也常常表现出较明显的地方特性。
China has a vast territory, and its climate, geographical conditions and products are different from each other in the East, West, North and south. So its gardens show obvious local features.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

China has a vast territory with different climate, geograpgical conditions and products in the east, west, north and south. Thus its gardens often show obvious local characteristics. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 01:53, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Our country(I'm sorry but 我国 is probably have another meaning? Correct me if I'm wrong) has a vast territory with various climate, geographical conditions and products which are different from east to west, north to south, so gardens often show obvious local characteristics.

3.颐和园，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊, 占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米）。
The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburb of Beijing， covering an area of 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers).--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

==Li Liqin 李丽琴==
1. 我国由于经历了漫长的封建社会，历代帝王为了满足其骄奢淫逸的生活和维护其统治的威严，往往大兴土木，营建各种宫室殿堂。中国古代建筑经过长期发展，吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺等造型艺术的特点。

Due to the long fedual society, emperors in ancient China used to build palaces to maintainn the majesty of their rule and to satidfy their luxurious life. After a long history of development, ancient Chinese architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts, including painting, carving and crafts and other plastic arts. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，且中国古典园林的精华则集中在江南地区。园林都是为满足封建统治阶级的享乐生活而建，因此在园林布置的艺术手法上有许多共同之处。中国古典园林的园景上主要是模仿自然，即用人工的力量来建造自然的景色。

China is home to many famous classical gardens, of which the Southern Gardens are essence. Gardens are built to satisfy the luxurious needs of fedual ruling class, resulting in similarities in the artistic techniques of garden layout. In addition, in terms of garden landscape, gardens are built to imitate nature scenery by artificial power. --[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园是我国保存完好的古典皇家园林，是世界闻名的建筑。颐，意思是颐养天年；和指心平气和。颐和园意为退休老人养老的地方。晚年的慈禧不再干预朝政，为安享晚年才修建了颐和园。

The Summer Palace is a well-preserved and famous classical imperial garden in China. The Chinese character "颐" means living a peaceful life in old age; "和" refers to peace in mind; based on it, the Summer Palace is designated for retired people to enjoy their lives. The Empress Dowager Cixi stopped interfering in government affairs in her later years and build the Palace to enjoy life.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 后人对慈禧的评价极具争议。在她统治的47年间，中国蒙受了无穷尽的屈辱和苦难，但她也有一些贡献。为挽救清王朝的统治，慈禧发动了清末新政，废除了科举制度。

Cixi is a controversial historical figure. During her 47 years in power, China suffered endless humiliations, but it can't be denied that she also has something to offer. For example, in order to maintain the majesty of the Qing Dynasty, she initiated the New Deal and abolished the imperial examination system.--[[User:Li Liqin|Li Liqin]] ([[User talk:Li Liqin|talk]]) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Liu 刘柳==

1.中国传统建筑不仅重自然的山林风水，也重人工的山林风水，让人工的与自然的协调，院内的与院外的衔接，造成“天上人间”之境，使人产生“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”的心旷神怡之感。

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial landscape,so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature,coupled with the connection inside and outside the courtyard,jointly create a cumstance of “paradise on the earth”,which makes a relaxed and happy feeling of “There is the essence of life here,but it is beyond my words.”

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial one, so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature, coupled with the connection of the inside and outside courtyard, jointly create an atmosphere of “paradise on the earth”, which brings a relaxed and happy feeling of “there is the essence of life here, but it is beyond my words.”--Ouyang Ling

2.苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统、地方风俗的一种象征和浓缩，展现了中国文化的精华，在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。

The Chinese philosophy,history and cultural customs contained in the classical gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical tradition and local customs in Jiangnan,which has a unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s gardening.

The Chinese philosophy, history and cultural customs contained in the ancient gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical traditions and folk customs in Jiangnan, which has an unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s garden-building.--Ouyang Ling

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty outside the Forbidden City.It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.

The Summer Palace is the most important center for the supreme rulers to hold political and diplomatic activities in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.--Ouyang Ling

4.慈禧太后是中国历史的帝制时代中少数长期当政的女性，其政治手腕堪称干练，尤其擅长操弄亲贵朝臣之间的权力平衡以维系自身的绝对权威。清朝因为她的能力而续命数十年。

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who have been in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history.She is experienced in political activities and particularly skillful in balancing the power of the courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authorrity.The Qing dynasty has continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--[[User:Liu Liu|Liu Liu]] ([[User talk:Liu Liu|talk]]) 15:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who were in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history. She was an experienced politician who was particularly skillful in balancing the power of the imperial relatives and courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authority. The Qing Dynasty continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Ouyang Ling

==Liu Ou 刘欧==
1.大雁塔建于唐长安城晋昌坊(今陕西省西安市南)的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”，今存。塔高64米，塔身枋、斗拱、栏额均为青砖仿木结构。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典而建造的一座五层砖塔。

The Great Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the Great Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang (now south of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high.Its tower body, dougong, and fence are all blue brick and wood-like structures. Master Xuanzang built the five-story brick tower to enshrine Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit scriptures brought back from India.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林是中国古典园林的杰出代表，它特色鲜明地折射出中国人的自然观和人生观。

Gardens south of the Yangtze River are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden.It was list in "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Liu Ou|Liu Ou]] ([[User talk:Liu Ou|talk]]) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yi 刘艺==
1、庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, it is both closed and open; both artificial and natural, can overlooking flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, has become the ancients "unity of nature and man" concept is another performance, but also reflects the Chinese are both subtle and introverted, and pioneering national character.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, which is both closed and open, both artificial and natural. Standing on it, people can overlook flowers and trees and look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, which is another manifestation of the ancient people's concept of "harmony between man and nature". It also reflects the national character of Chinese people, which is both introverted and enterprising.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2、其次，要考虑到植物的色彩和组合的形式美。花园中常利用花坛、花台、花缘和花丛以集中表现观赏植物的丰富多彩，以及植株姿态和叶形的对比调和。要重视草坪和地被植物的种植，避免露土。

Secondly, it is important to consider the beauty of the color and form of the plant combinations. Flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used in gardens to focus on the variety of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Emphasis should be placed on planting lawns and groundcovers and avoiding open soil.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Secondly, we should consider the color of plants and the formal beauty of plant combinations. In gardens, flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used to show the richness of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Attention should be paid to the planting of lawns and ground cover plants so as to avoid soil exposure.--[[User:Ding Daifeng|Ding Daifeng]] ([[User talk:Ding Daifeng|talk]]) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园鼎盛时期，规模宏大，占地面积2.97平方公里（293公顷），主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成，其中水面占四分之三（大约220公顷）。园内建筑以佛香阁为中心，园中有景点建筑物百余座、大小院落20余处。

In Summer Palace's heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares), consisting mainly of two parts, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which three-fourths (about 220 hectares) is water. The architecture of the garden is centered on the Buddha Fragrance Pavilion, and there are more than a hundred attractions and buildings, and more than 20 large and small courtyards in the garden.--[[User:Liu Yi|Liu Yi]] ([[User talk:Liu Yi|talk]]) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's modern architecture has made breakthrough beyond the limitations of modern times in quantity, scale, type, regional distribution and modernization level, showing a brand-new image.
大型园林不但摹仿自然山水，而且还集仿各地名胜于一园，形成园中有园、大园套小园的风格。
Large gardens not only imitate natural scenery, but also follow the example of the styles of famous places from all over the world in one garden, thus, one garden enjoys various styles.
颐和园和圆明园，虽然是北方皇家园林，但去过颐和园或看过圆明园复原图的人一定会发现：这两处园子有着浓浓的江南风情。
Imperial gardens in the north as the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace are, those who have been to the Summer Palace or have seen the restoration blueprints of the Old Summer Palace will definitely find that these two gardens boast a strong southern style.--[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 11:05, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

==Lo, Minh Thao==

==Lou Cancan 娄灿灿==
1 中国的建筑师们把印度佛塔的圆形与中国传统楼亭建筑方式相结合，从而使中国古塔形成自己的独特风格。

The ancient Chinese pagoda took on its own distinct style when architects combined the features of circular Indian Buddhist pagodas with those of traditional Chinese pavilions and towers.--[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2 明代江南十分富庶，人们对居住环境有了更高的审美追求。文人巨贾聚集苏州，打造自己审美的后花园，将自然景观、文化与艺术融入到园林中。

It is during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), when southern Chinese area, known as Jiangnan area, became prosperous in economy that people, especially the scholars, officials and merchants there started to pursuit a better living condition. They built their own gardens, trying to combine the natural landscape, culture and art into them. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3 颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年（1750），咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年（1886），清廷挪用海军经费等款项于1886年开始重建。

The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4 当慈禧看到摄影比画像更快捷、更方便，且照片几乎是真实的，关于摄影是冒犯和可耻的想法开始改变。她变得对摄影如此感兴趣和好奇，她想尽快探索摄影的秘密。

When Cixi saw that photography was faster and more convenient than portrait painting and that the photo was almost real, the idea that photography was offensive and disgraceful began to change. She became so interested and curious about photography that she wanted to explore the secret of photography as soon as possible. --[[User:Lou Cancan|Lou Cancan]] ([[User talk:Lou Cancan|talk]]) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Weijia 罗维嘉==
1.中国古代建筑与欧洲、阿拉伯建筑一起，是世界建筑体系的重要组成部分。
Together with European and Arabian architecture, ancient Chinese architecture is an important component of the world architectural system.

1. Ancient Chinese architecture, as well as European and Arab architecture, is an important part of the world architecture system.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林是经过三千多年的发展而形成的一种园林风格。
The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years.

3.1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入世界遗产名录。
In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.--[[User:Luo Weijia|Luo Weijia]] ([[User talk:Luo Weijia|talk]]) 12:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴==

中国各地的居住建筑，又称民居。居住建筑是最基本的建筑类型，是出现最早、分布最广的建筑群落。由于中国各地区的自然环境和人文情况不同，各地民居也显现出多样化的面貌。

Residential buildings all over China are also called folk houses. Residential building is the most basic building type. It is the earliest and the most widely distributed building communities. Due to the diversity of the local environment and human environment, the residential houses in China also show various features.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

园林植物生产是国民经济的重要组成部分，城市生态、园林景观、城乡环境的绿化美化更是国家建设的重中之重。因此，园林专业是造福人类、前景无限的专业。

The production of garden plants is an important part of the national economy. The greening and embellishment of urban ecology, landscape and urban and rural environment is the most important for national construction. Therefore, landscape architecture benefits mankind and has unlimited prospects.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palace and garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Mo Ling 莫玲==

1.园中花窗、虚虚实实、漏而不尽、诱人探幽。

The floral windows in the garden show a faint silhouette.Some parts of them are exposed yet not the all,which entices visitors to explore the hidden world behind that.

2. 颐和园古式建筑走廊，它遮荫蔽雨、休息、联系交通，组织景观、分隔空间、增加风景层次。

In the Summer Palace,there are numerous classical corridors.They are not only desirable places of shelter and rest,but also act as pivots of roads in different directions and connectors of different scenic spots.In addition,they can serve as space dividers,which is able to amplify the levels of scenery.

3. 比较重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上，次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上，北京故宫的组群布局和北方的四合院是最能体现庭院式布局原则的典型实例。

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on each side array the subordinate houses on the horizontal axis . The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Mo Ling|Mo Ling]] ([[User talk:Mo Ling|talk]]) 14:43, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on horizontal axis array the subordinate houses. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:20, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Ngo, Thi Minh Huong==
1. 中国故宫别称是紫禁城，占地72万多平方米，有楼宇8000余间，建筑面积15万平方米。故宫是明、清两代的皇宫，是我国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。
The Forbidden City of China, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters with more than 8,000 buildings, and has a construction area of 150,000 square meters. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most complete group of ancient buildings in China.

==Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲==

1.宫殿建筑又称宫廷建筑，是皇帝为了巩固自己的统治，突出皇权的威严，满足精神生活和物质生活的享受而建造的规模巨大、气势雄伟的建筑物。

Palace buildings, as known as imperial buildings, are large-scale and majestic. They were constructed for the emperors to consolidate their reign, stress their dignified power and bring spiritual enjoyment and material comfort.

2. 园林是一种理想化的生活环境，是优美高雅的的艺术形式，能陶冶人的情操，净化人们的内心世界。人们也可以通过园林来实现对美的追求、抒发情怀，因此园林还具有更深的文化意义。

Garden is an ideal environment to live in, and as a form of art, it can uplift the mind and spirit and purify the inner world of people. By building gardens people intends to pursue the beauty and express the thoughts and feelings, thereby adding a profound cultural meaning on them.

3. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣。

The Summer Palace represents the highest development of traditional garden-building art. With Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake constituting the general view, the Summer Palace was landscaped by surrounding mountains and waters, presenting a majestic and sumptuous mood and full of delights of nature.

4. 慈禧执政48年中，对于政务掌握相当严格，即使在病中亦然，在她统治中国近半个世纪的时间里，一直勉励维系并且牢牢掌控着中央集权帝国的局面，中国因得免于陷入割据乱局。

During the 48-year reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi, she firmly grasped the powers in political affairs and did so even when she fell ill. In the nearly half-century reign, she diligently ruled China as a centralized empire and kept it from being torn apart by forces.--Ouyang Ling

==Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏==

1.国家体育场（鸟巢）位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区南部，为2008年北京奥运会的主体育场。工程总占地面积21公顷，场内观众坐席约为91000个。举行了奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛。

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is located in the southern part of the central area of the Beijing Olympic Park. It was the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The total height of the project is 21 miles, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats in the venue. Track and field matches and football match finals.

Located in the southern of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The project covers a total area of 21 hectares, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals were held there.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.承德避暑山庄，又名“承德离宫”或“热河行宫”，是世界文化遗产、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位、中国四大名园之一。山庄位于河北省承德市中心北部，武烈河西岸一带狭长的谷地上，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。

Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Chengde Ligong" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of China's four famous gardens. The villa is located in the narrow valley on the west bank of the Wulie River in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei province. It was a place for the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to escape the summer heat and deal with government affairs.
The Mountain Resort is divided into four parts: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in November 1998. "World Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.--[[User:Peng Ruihong|Peng Ruihong]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruihong|talk]]) 11:00, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Phyo, Su Kyi==
1-中国古代著名建筑- 紫禁城,天坛,钱陵,古城墙,大雁塔。

Famous Ancient Chinese Buildings-The Forbidden City,Temple of Heaven,Qian Mausoleum,Ancient City Wall,Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

2-中日花园的主要区别在于，与日式花园相比，中式花园往往更为大胆，充满异国情调，具有观赏性，并且在整个公园般的环境中具有更多的建筑和结构，而日式花园则总体上较为柔和，朴素和简约。

The main difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens is that Chinese gardens tend to be more bold, exotic, ornamental, and have more architecture and structures throughout a park-like setting, compared to Japanese gardens which tend to be more subdued, austere and minimalist overall.

3-1888年，颐和园获得了现今的中文名称，即颐和园，并作为慈禧太后的避暑胜地。 1900年，它被八国联军摧毁。 1912年，它被重建为清朝（1644-1912）的最后一幕。

In 1888, the Summer Palace was given its present-day Chinese name, Yihe Yuan, and served as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers. In 1912, it was rebuilt as one of the final acts of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

4-凯瑟琳·卡尔（Katharine Carl）是美国肖像画家和作家。她在美国，欧洲和亚洲创作了著名的皇家人物的画作。
Katharine Carl was an American portrait painter and author. She made paintings of notable and royal people in the United States, Europe and Asia.

==Pingki, Tanchangya==
1.中国的建筑艺术是中华文明树上一个特别美丽的分支。木柱梁，门和接缝组成了房屋的框架。
China's architectural art is a particularly beautiful branch in the tree of Chinese Civilization. Wooden posts beams, lintels and joints make up the framework of a house.
2.这个颐和园是北京的湖泊，花园，宝塔，大厅和宫殿的大集合。那是清朝的御花园。
This summer palace is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, pagodas,halls and palaces in Beijing. It was an Imperial Gardens in the Qing dynasty.
3.中国园林风格是一道风景线，在中国文化中源远流长。那里既有中国皇帝的广阔花园，又有为娱乐而建的皇室成员。
The Chinese Garden style is a landscape, It has a long history in Chinese culture. Where includes both the vast Gardens of the Chinese Emperors And members of the Imperial family built for pleasure.--[[User:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4]] ([[User talk:PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4|talk]]) 03:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

China, a country vast in territory and rich in resources, boasts a long history of architecture art. Architectures in different regions are different in artistic style, but have something in common in complex arrangement, space, structure, building material and decorative art. Distinguished from western architecture, Chinese architecture is well-known around the world.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. It offers a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, and is significant for Chinese traditional cultural inheritance.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. Since ancient times, It has offered a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, which contributes a lot to the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 12:24, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部海淀区,距市中心约15公里,原为清代的行宫花园,其名为“颐养太和”之义。园中的长廊、石舫、佛香阁、宝云阁、大戏楼、十七孔桥、玉带桥等建筑堪称世界建筑文化中的珍品。

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, and it’s about 15 kilometers away from downtown. As a former palace garden of the Qing dynasty, it’s name means “keep supreme harmony”. Many buildings in the garden, including the Long Corridor，Marble Boat，Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha, Tower of Precious Cloud, Grand Opera Tower, Seventeen Arch Bridge and Jade Belt Bridge, can be called as world architecture art treasures.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4.美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯(克姑娘)。20世纪初曾创了两项空前绝后的世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two world records: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Qu Miao|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao|talk]]) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two unparalleled world records in early 20 century: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the Chinese palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--[[User:Kang Haoyu|Kang Haoyu]] ([[User talk:Kang Haoyu|talk]]) 13:30, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Rajabov, Anushervon==

1. The Chinese garden has a long history.
中国园林历史悠久。
2. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.
中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。
3. The park is the most beautiful part of the Summer Palace.
公园是颐和园最美丽的部分.
4. Carl describes Cixi as a kind and considerate woman for her station.
卡尔将慈溪形容为一个善良而体贴的女士。--[[User:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10]] ([[User talk:RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10|talk]]) 13:14, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Seydou, Sagara==
1The architecture of the dwelling-houses is exceedingly heavy, giving them the appearance of great age.
2The little girl pretended that the tiny ceramic gnome in her garden protected the vegetables from hungry neighborhood cats.
3In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.
1住宅的建筑非常沉重，使它们看起来很老旧.
2小女孩假装她花园里的陶瓷小侏儒保护蔬菜免受饥饿的邻家猫的侵害.
3 1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入其世界遗产名录。它宣布颐和园“是中国园林设计的杰作.--[[User:Sagara Seydou 3|Sagara Seydou 3]] ([[User talk:Sagara Seydou 3|talk]]) 13:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Shi Haiyao 石海瑶==
1.四合院，又称四合房，是中国的一种传统合院式建筑，其格局为一个院子四面建有房屋，从四面将庭院合围在中间，故名四合院。

Quadrangle, also known as Sihefang, is a traditional Chinese courtyard architecture, its pattern is a courtyard built on all sides of houses, with courtyard enclosed in it, so it is named Siheyuan.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州古典园林历史绵延2000余年，在世界造园史上有其独特的历史地位和价值，她以写意山水的高超艺术手法，蕴含浓厚的中国传统思想和文化内涵，展示东方文明的造园艺术典范。

With a history of more than 2000 years, the Classical Gardens of Suzhou boast unique historical status and value in the history of world gardening. With the superb artistic technique of freehand brushwork, it contains strong Chinese traditional thoughts and cultural connotation to display the model of oriental civilization gardening art.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace was the paramount political and diplomatic activity center of imperator of the late Qing Dynasty except the Forbidden City. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the site of many historical events.--[[User:Shi Haiyao|Shi Haiyao]] ([[User talk:Shi Haiyao|talk]]) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Si Yu 司妤==
1.清代的都城北京城基本保持了明朝时的原状，城内共有20座高大、雄伟的城门，气势最为磅礴的是内城的正阳门。因沿用了明代的帝王宫殿，清代帝王兴建了大规模的皇家园林，这些园林建筑是清代建筑的精华，其中包括华美的圆明园与颐和园。
Beijing city, the capital in the Qing Dynasty kept what it was in the previous dynasty. It had 20 towering and impressive gates, among which the most imposing one was Zhengyang Gate in inner areas. To match with the imperial palace inherited from the Ming Dynasty, Qing emperors built large-scale imperial gardens, which were the essence of Qing architecture and included the magnificent Summer Palace.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.屋顶花园不但降温隔热效果优良，而且能美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候，还能丰富城市的俯仰景观，大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率，是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。
A roof garden can not only efficiently lower temperatures and insulate heat, but also can beautify the environment, purify air and improve climate in some areas. Also, it adds to the views of cities and largely increases the plantation covering rate of cities. It is a form of roof that worths promoting.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center of the highest governor of the late Qing Dynasty apart from the Forbidden City. And it witnessed China’s history and a lot of historical events.--[[User:Si Yu|Si Yu]] ([[User talk:Si Yu|talk]]) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛==
1.从古代文献记载、绘画中的古建筑一直到现存的古建筑来看，中国古代建筑在平面布局方面有一种简明的组织规律，就是每一处住宅、宫殿、官衙、寺庙等建筑，都是由若干座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成的。
From the ancient buildings recorded in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, there is a concise organizational law in the layout of ancient Chinese buildings, that is, every house, palace, official office, temple and other buildings are surrounded by courtyards built by a number of buildings and a number of corridors,walls,etc .--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林意境这个概念的思想渊源可以追溯到东晋到唐宋年间。当时的文艺思潮是崇尚自然，出现了山水诗、山水画和山水游记。
The ideological origin of the concept of garden artistic conception can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, the literary and artistic trend was advocating nature, so the landscape poems, landscape paintings, and landscape travel notes appeared.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国风景园林设计创意艺术的杰出表达，体现了天人合一的和谐理念。
The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The summer palace is an outstanding expression of creative art of Chinese landscape architecture design, which embodies the harmonious concept of harmony between man and nature.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:49, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Bei 汤蓓==
1.北京有无数的胡同。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是展示平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4~10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。

After 3000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, tree, and flowers scattered in it. --[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园位于北京西郊，始建于清朝，是中国规模最大、保存最完好的皇家园林之一。1860年颐和园在战争中遭到严重破坏，1886年开始在原址重修。自1911年清王朝灭亡后，颐和园作为公园一直对外开放。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，园内由宫殿、庙宇、长廊、石桥等100多处富有民族特色的古典建筑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。颐和园内的人工景观与自然山峦、宁静的湖水和谐地融为一体，向游客展示了一幅优美的山水画卷。

Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace, originally constructed in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the largest and best-preserved imperial gardens in China. It was badly damaged during the war in 1860 and the restoration in its original site began in 1886. Since Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911, the Summer Palace has been open to the public as a park. Mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kuming Lake, the Summer Palace is honored as the “Imperial Garden Museum”,with more than 100 classical architectures of ethnic features inside the garden, such as palaces, temples, long corridors and stone bridges. Thee artificial landscape inside the Summer Palace is harmoniously combined with natural hills and peaceful lakes, displaying a beautiful picture of landscape to tourists.--[[User:Tang Bei|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei|talk]]) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==
1、亭台楼阁，池馆水榭，映在青松翠柏之中；假山怪石，花坛盆景，藤萝翠竹，点缀其间。

Among the pines and cypresses are waterside pavilions and towers, with rockeries, flower beds and bonsai, vines and bamboos, dotted with them.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.大殿的四周，古树参天，绿树成荫，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

With resplendent red walls and yellow tiles, the hall is surrounded by a dense crowd of ancient trees giving green shade.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.朱红的宫墙。一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

Outside the vermillion red palace walls, there is an octagonal pagoda-shaped three-story building stands halfway up the mountainside, yellow glazed tiles glittering. This is the antique Pavilion of Buddhist Incense.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Meiling 王美玲==
1.中式风格是一种以宫廷建筑为代表的中国古典建筑的室内装饰设计艺术风格，气势恢弘、壮丽华贵、高空间、大进深、金碧辉煌。雕梁画柱造型讲究对称，色彩讲究对比，装饰材料以木材为主，图案多龙、凤、龟、狮等。但中式风格的装修造价较高，且缺乏现代气息，只能在家居中点缀使用。Chinese style is a kind of art style of interior decoration design of Chinese classical architecture represented by palace architecture, which is of magnificence and splendor with high space and intensive depth. The carved beams and painted columns focus on the symmetry and its color stresses the contrast, whose decoration material is mainly the wood and patterns are many dragons, phoenixes, turtles, lions and so on. But the decoration cost of Chinese style is rather high. Due to its lack of modern breath, it can only be used in home decoration.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。花园分为东、中、西三部分，东花园开阔疏朗，中花园是全园精华所在，西花园建筑精美。By 2014, Humble Administrator’s Garden,located in the northeast corner of Suzhou city, has still been the largest classical garden there with an area of 78 acres. The park stands with water as its center surrounded by landscape, where there are hall pavilions are exquisite, lush Flowers and trees, with a intensive features of Jiangnan Water. The garden is divided into east, middle and west Parts:the East is open and exclusive,the Middle Garden the essence of the garden and the west elegant buildings.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1949年，中华人民共和国成立后，中国政府十分重视圆明园遗址的保护，先后将其列为公园用地和重点文物保护单位。在“文化大革命”中，遗址虽然遭到过一些破坏，但它毕竟被保住了：整个圆明园的水系山形和园林格局依然存在，近半数的土地成为绿化地带。十几万株树木蔚然成林，多数建筑基址尚可找到，数十处假山叠石仍然可见，西洋楼遗址的石雕残迹颇引人注目。After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government attached great importance to the protection of the site of Yuanmingyuan Garden, which was listed as park land and key cultural relics protection unit. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the whole water mountain shape and garden pattern still exist. Nearly half of the land has become green belt. Hundreds of thousands of trees grow into lush forests. Most of the building sites and dozens of rockeries and stones are still visible. The remains of stone carvings in the Western tower site are quite noticeable and attractive.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wang Xuan 王轩==
整个故宫规模宏大，极为壮观。仅以宫殿的核心部分紫禁城为例，它东西长760米，南北长960米，占地72万多平方米。

The whole palace museum is grand and spectacular. Take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west, 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720000 square meters.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

The whole Palace Museum is grand and spectacular. Just take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

古典园林中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，多数是明、清两代的遗物。中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

There are many famous classical gardens in China, most of them are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal social and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

There are many famous classical gardens existing in China, most of which are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8th, 2007, the summer palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

On May 8th, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

==Wu Qiong 吴琼==

1. 故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽。
At that time, the front palace of the Forbidden City required a magnificent architectural style, its courtyard should be bright and wide, to symbolize the supremacy of the feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner.

2. 苏州园林博物馆以造园工具、陈设家具、建筑构建等实物为主要载体展示园林的传统造园工艺，并运用了现代科技手段展示古典园林的艺术魅力。
The Suzhou Garden Museum uses garden tools, furnishings, architectural construction and other physical objects as the main carrier to display the traditional gardening crafts of the garden, and uses modern technology to show the artistic charm of classical gardens.

3. 颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。
The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred.--[[User:WuQiong|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong|talk]]) 08:51, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The palaces in the front of Forbidden City were required to be majestic and wide, representing the supreme status of feudal regime. Taihe Palace is set in the center of diagonal line of the Palace, with ten auspicious beasts at its each four corners.

2. Suzhou Garden Museum belongs to the traditional art which based on tools, furniture and construction, which also applies modern technology to show its charm.

3. Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center outside Forbidden City in Late Qing Dynasty for leaders, which is also the place witnessing many historical events in modern China. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Wu Yilu 吴一露==
1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecturereflects the thought of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the full combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can take most advantages of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

Covering an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecture embodies the phylosophy of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the adequate combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can make most of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

With an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace mainly consists of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--[[User:Wang Meiling|Wang Meiling]] ([[User talk:Wang Meiling|talk]]) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Wu Zijia 吴子佳==

1.第一座中国风格的建筑主要建于黄河流域附近

1.The first communities that can be identified culturally as Chinese were settled chiefly in the basin of the Huang He (Yellow River).

2.苏州园林建筑群位于中国江苏省苏州市，现已被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。

2. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a group of gardens in Suzhou region, Jiangsu province, China, which have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

2. Located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, the Suzhou garden complex is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 18世纪乾隆皇帝对颐和园进行了大规模扩建与翻修，此前颐和园一直是一座皇家园林

3.The domain had long been a royal garden before being considerably enlarged and embellished by Emperor Qianlong in the 18th century.--[[User:Wu Zijia|Wu Zijia]] ([[User talk:Wu Zijia|talk]]) 11:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

==Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲==
1.中国传统建筑，论其结构，不论是皇家的宫苑，还是散见于各地的各类型的建筑，包括民居，其结构特点在世界古代建筑史中都是独一无二的。

In terms of the structure of traditional Chinese architecture, it is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, whether it is royal palaces or various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The structure of traditional Chinese architecture is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, seen in royol palaces as well as various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

Due to the constraints of long-term feudal society and historical conditions, Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--[[User:Luo Yuqing|Luo Yuqing]] ([[User talk:Luo Yuqing|talk]]) 02:44, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed for the constraints of long term feudual society and historical conditions. Therefore, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Xiao Shuangling|Xiao Shuangling]] ([[User talk:Xiao Shuangling|talk]]) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The summer palace has been announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, together with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. These four gardens are known as the four famous gardens in China. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, all announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--[[User:Wang Xuan|Wang Xuan]] ([[User talk:Wang Xuan|talk]]) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

==Xiao Ting 肖婷==
1.庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard ,both closed and open,both artificial and natural,is the basic unit of architecture, in which you can enjoy flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon. It not only becomes an expression of the concept "harmony of the nature and man" , but also reflects that Chinese people are both subtle and introverted, and have pioneering national character.

2.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅美丽的图画。

The successful gardens in Suzhou were of course different from each other, as the designers and craftsmen had their own ideas for the gardens. It seems that the designers and craftsmen were unanimous in their desire to make sure that no matter where the visitor stood, there was always a beautiful picture in front of him.

3.卡尔在京期间，除绘制送往美国的慈禧肖像外，还为慈禧另外画了一些画像。这些画像现收藏在北京故宫博物院。在宫中的日子里，卡尔还画了许多素描，将她看到的宫廷生活场景、光绪后妃、宫女及达官贵人记录下来。与人们从照片上看到的不同，卡尔所画的隆裕皇后很俏丽。

When Carl was in Beijing ，she painted several portraits for Cixi except for the one which should be sent to America.Many of these paintings are collected in Beijing Palace Museum.During her stay at the Forbidden city，she also made sketchs to record the palace life and people like miads，concubines of the late imperor Guangxu and high officals.Unlike the pictures of Queen Liongyu，the portraits of her from Carl were quite beautiful.

4.山区多处园林解放前多遭破坏，但山区景物依旧迷人，在亭子上远眺，山庄的各风景点，山庄外的几座大庙，以及承德市区，周围山上的奇峰怪石。

Many of the gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before the liberation, but the mountain scenery is still charming, and the pavilion overlooks the various scenic spots of the mountain resort, and the several large temples outside the mountain resort, as well as the city of Chengde, and the stangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation on the surrounding hills.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 03:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

==Xie Fan 解帆==
1.中国建筑中常用的琉璃材料，寿命长，颜色鲜艳，在阳光下耀眼夺目。其较高的成本，象征着财富和地位。

The coloured glazed commonly used in Chinese architecture are of long life and bright colors, dazzling in the sun. Its high cost stands for wealth and status.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are the best in China, and among them the gardens of Suzhou are the best.--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。

The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, drawing on the design techniques of Gardens on the Yangtze Delta. It is the most complete preserved royal garden as well, known as the "Royal Garden Forest Museum".--[[User:XieFan|XieFan]] ([[User talk:XieFan|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Xu Jia 徐佳==

1.中国和西方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授”，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心，宗教寺观处于次要地位。

Unlike Christianity in the West, Buddhism doesn't take a dominant position as a social thought in China. Although both China and the West advocated the doctrine of divine right of kings, the former placed more stress on the divine right of nature and the latter on the right of kings. This difference can be found in architecture: for a long time in the West, temples and churches were the mainstream of buildings; in China, however, palaces and capital cities took primacy over religious buildings.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 万象昭辉是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥，尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

The two-storey tower is in the highest position of the park and offers a full view of the pools, corridors, pavilions and stone bridges inside the park. Outside, high-speed trains flash by along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Railway, which are a reminder of past prosperity and current rapid development.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用。

The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

The summer palace is the concentrated embodiment of Chinese gardening philosophy and practice, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east. --[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 07:15, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 据《清宫二年记》记载，慈禧每年到秋菊傲霜怒放时，总要摘大朵的菊放入枕袋，置头下就寝。

According to ''Records of the Second Year of the Qing Dynasty'', every year when the autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, Cixi would pick large ones and put them into a pillow bag, and went to sleep with it under her head.--[[User:Xu Jia|Xu Jia]] ([[User talk:Xu Jia|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

==Xu Jing 许静==
1. 中国建筑艺术，讲究大门、大窗、大进深、大屋檐，视野开阔，直通自然，充分体现“天人合一”的思想。四角飞檐翘起，或扑朔欲飞，或耸立欲飘，让凝固显得欲动。

Chinese architectural art emphasizes large gates, large windows, great depths, and large eaves, with a wide field of vision and direct access to nature, fully reflecting the idea of "unity of nature and man". The four corners of the eaves are raised, or fluttering to fly, or towering to float, appearing to be dynamic in a static state.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林艺术着重意境的塑造，园林中的山水、植被、建筑以及其组成空间关系，不仅是一种物质环境，而且创造了一种精神氛围。

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood. The landscape, vegetation, architecture and spacial arrangement in the garden constitute not only to a physical environment, but also to a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood, the landscape, vegetation, architecture and its constituent spatial relationships in the garden are not only a physical environment, but also create a spiritual atmosphere.--[[User:Tan Yuanyuan|Tan Yuanyuan]] ([[User talk:Tan Yuanyuan|talk]]) 09:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园整体布局以万寿山、昆明湖为主体，湖光山色中亭台楼阁、廊榭舫桥、庙堂殿宇等人文建筑与自然山水艺术地融为一体，恢弘大气、富丽堂皇，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake are the main body of the Summer Palace. Amid natural landscape are the pavilions, galleries, bridges, temples and other humanistic architecture. They mix together to be magnificent and splendid, unique in the history of the world's gardens.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==
1. 传统建筑的特点是具有民族色彩和地方色彩。中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。

Traditional architecture is with national and local characteristics. Chinese traditional architecture is the most interesting and direct entity and form of traditional culture and national features in Chinese long history.

Traditional architecture is characterized by its national and local flavors. Chinese Traditionalarchitecture is the most spectacular and intuitive carrier and expression of China's long-established culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2. 我国的园林艺术，如果从殷、周时代算起，到现在为止已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。

Since Yin and Zhou Period, Chinese garden art has more than three thousand history. China is one of the earliest countries to start garden arts, playing an essential role in the world, which embodies with high art level and unique national styles.

3. 颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。
The land area of Summer Palace is 293 hectares, mainly consisting of two parts—Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain. There are over 3000 garden buildings with different styles.

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 buildings of various forms of palaces and gardens, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration areas, living areas and sightseeing areas.--[[User:Xiao Ting|Xiao Ting]] ([[User talk:Xiao Ting|talk]]) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

4. 美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯姑娘。20世纪初曾创了两项世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katherine Carl (1858-1938), called Keguniang(柯姑娘) in Chinese. In 20th century, she had made two world record—the first is that she’s the only foreigner who had stayed in palace for a long time. The second is that she’s the one who painted for concubines, who is still alive. --[[User:Yang chenting|Yang chenting]] ([[User talk:Yang chenting|talk]]) 02:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

==Yang Hairong 杨海容==
1.就整体而言，重要建筑大都采用均衡对称的方式，以庭院为单元，沿着纵轴线与横轴线进行设计，借助于建筑群体的有机组合和烘托，使主体建筑显得格外宏伟壮丽。民居及风景园林则采用了“因天时，就地利”的灵活布局方式。
On the whole, most important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, with courtyards as units, along the vertical and horizontal axes, and with the help of the organic combination and contrast of the building groups, and the main buildings appear extraordinarily magnificent. The residential buildings and landscape gardens have adopted the flexible layout of "convenient in place according to the weather".--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州园林占地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的空间内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥。
Suzhou gardens occupies a small area, adopts infinitely varied and eclectic artistic techniques, embodies the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry with the taste of Chinese landscapes, flowers and birds, embellishes rockeries and trees in a limited space, and arranges pavilions, ponds and bridges.--[[User:Yang Hairong|Yang Hairong]] ([[User talk:Yang Hairong|talk]]) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.与中央建筑群的纵向轴线相呼应的是横贯山麓、沿湖北岸东西逶迤的“长廊”，共273间，全长728米，这是中国园林中最长的游廊。
Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the promenade that traverses the foothills and runs from east to west along the northern shore. There are 273 corridors with a total length of 728 meters. This is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens.

==Yang Hui 阳慧==
其中，秦朝修建的秦始皇陵及长城、隋朝修建的赵州桥、明清两朝的帝王宫殿紫禁城等至今还在向世人展示着中国古代建筑艺术的独特魅力。
Among them, the Qin Dynasty built the Imperial Tomb and the Great Wall, Sui Dynasty built the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Ming and Qing dynasties imperial palace Forbidden City, and so on are still showing the world the unique charm of ancient Chinese architectural art.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。
China's garden art, to pursue the natural spiritual realm as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the " though by human, Wan from heaven " aesthetic purport.
----

颐和园依山傍水，有万寿山和昆明湖，山光水色，交相辉映，入春后，鲜花盛开，绿树成荫，景色诱人。
The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and rivers . It has Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake . The mountains are bright with water.--[[User:YangHui|YangHui]] ([[User talk:YangHui|talk]]) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Yue 杨悦==

1、中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermillion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2、中国园林是建筑艺术的一种形式，它在本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山、河流、建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路、室内环境。

Chinese garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 2.9 square kilometers，the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake， three quarters of which is under water.--[[User:Wu Yilu|Wu Yilu]] ([[User talk:Wu Yilu|talk]]) 05:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yang Ziling 杨子泠==
1. 北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区， 1961年被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. It is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction and was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 北方园林，因地域宽广，所以范围较大；又因大多为白郡所在，所以建筑富丽堂皇。

The northern gardens occupies a large area because of their widely-spread; and because most of them are located in the White County, the buildings are magnificent.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

The Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also called the Four Famous Gardens in China along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yi Zichu 义子楚==
1. 中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，主要有皇家园林，寺院园林和私家园林。
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 tears ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden
2.今天，在江南和长江沿岸的苏州，扬州等地所见的私家园林多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画，展现出独特的魅力
While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience, scattered in south of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River , the private garden are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3，中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域
Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese garden, which is an important field to understand Chinese architecture.

==You Yuting 游雨婷==
1.古建筑是一座城市的记忆，是城市历史的见证者，它承载着这座城市的文化积淀。一旦损毁，文物本体及其承载的历史文化信息都将不复存在。

The ancient building is the memory of a city and the witness of its history. It bears the cultural accumulation of the city. Once damaged, the cultural relic itself and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist.

As the memory and the witness of a city, the ancient building bears the cultural accumulation of it. Once damaged, the cultural relic and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.中国园林建筑大体分为私家园林建筑,皇家园林建筑和寺庙园林建筑。以苏州和扬州为代表，两者相比,苏州园林更具文人气质,而扬州的园林则偏于工商和贵气。

In general,Chinese garden architecture is divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. With Suzhou and Yangzhou as the representative, the Suzhou gardens bear the style of literati, while the Yangzhou gardens tend to be commercial and noble.

Chinese garden architecture is roughly divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. Taking
Suzhou and Yangzhou as representatives, the former is more literary, while the latter is more inclined to commercial and luxury styles.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 08:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares,mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:21, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--[[User:Guan Qinqing|Guan Qinqing]] ([[User talk:Guan Qinqing|talk]]) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yu Ni 余妮==

1.很多建筑都是采用对称设计的，这在中国建筑中非常多见。所以在拍摄这种建筑时，建议寻找完美的对称角度来拍摄，呈现建筑的构造特点和美学特征。

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting this kind of building, it is suggested to find a perfect symmetrical angle to shoot, showing the structural characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting, it is suggested that we find a perfect symmetrical angle, revealing the structural and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中式私家花园要求的不仅仅是植物的种植，而是一种自然环境与人类创造的统一。在中式私家花园里，每一棵树的栽种位置，每一块石头的摆放都有其深意。

Chinese private garden requires not only the planting of plants, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the planting position of each tree and the placement of each stone have its profound meaning.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese private garden requires not only planting, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the position of each tree and the placement of each stone have their profound meaning.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。颐和园规模宏大，布置错杂，我们可以分成后山、前山、东宫门、南湖和西堤等四大部分来了解它的。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale and complicated layout. We can divide it into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yu Ni|Yu Ni]] ([[User talk:Yu Ni|talk]]) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale with complicated layout. It can be divided into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--[[User:Yang Ziling|Yang Ziling]] ([[User talk:Yang Ziling|talk]]) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼==

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城长达10千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。

We must refer to the Great Wall when it comes to Chinese culture. Through about 2200 years from the 7th century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., it was built in 19 dynasties successively, reaching over 10 kilometers in length. Main construction project was carried out in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On March 4th, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of National Priority Cultural Relic Protection Sites, famed as “ Four Great Palaces of China” with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator Garden,Lingering Garden simultaneously. The Summer Palace was listed into ''World Heritage List'' in November 1998, and on May 8th, 2007, it was officially ratified as National 5A Scenic Spots by National Tourism Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace, under the acknowledgement of China World Record Association, was selected as the largest extant royal garden of China.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。

Chinese classical garden art mainly refers to Jiangnan private gardens and North royal gardens. Among all the Chinese traditional buildings, classic gardens boasts unique achievement, which is widely acknowledged as the Mother of the World Gardens, a miracle of the art of the world, and significant heritage of human civilization. The construction technique of Chinese gardens has been adored and imitated by western countries, ushering in “Chinese garden craze” in the occidental world.--[[User:Yuan Tianyi|Yuan Tianyi]] ([[User talk:Yuan Tianyi|talk]]) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Liang 曾良==
世界上大多数伟大的建筑都是石料建筑，因为石料建筑不仅外形漂亮、持久耐用，而且石头到处可见。在过去，整个城市的建筑物都是从艰苦的石块切割和堆砌发展起来的。
Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and pilling stone upon.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, durability, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组合成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。
The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful integration of diverse elements,ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
The Summer Palace,dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 29 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a varity of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures.Well-known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛==

中国传统建筑的第四个特点，更加体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。
The fourth feature of Chinese traditional architecture represents the thinking of “ unity of heaven and human beings”, which fits the desire of “returning to nature” of modern people.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。
It has been recognized worldwide as the mother of gardens, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization. The techniques of building gardens have been advocated and imitated by Western countries, raising “a Chinese gardens mania” in those countries.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。
It was a large landscape garden as well as the best preserved royal pavilion which took Kunming Lake, and Wanshou Mountain as base address, and West Lake in Hangzhou as chief source, and drew design methods of gardens in regions south of Yangtze River, known as “royal gardens museum”.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

她与慈禧太后的亲密接触，促使她完成了这部稀有之作——为世人真实地展示了没落前的大清帝国谜一般的宫廷暮霭和迷一般的慈禧皇太后的私密生活。
Her close contact with Cixi drove her to finish the precious work, which unveiled royal enigma of the Qing Dynasty before it declined and private life of empress dowager Cixi to the world.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Hui 张慧==
1.中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。
Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most splendid and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of Chinese traditional culture with a long history and national characteristics.--[[User:You Yuting|You Yuting]] ([[User talk:You Yuting|talk]]) 10:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form for Chinese long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林区别于世界上其他园林体系的最大特点，在于它不以创造呈现在人们眼前的具体园林形象为最终目的，它追求的是意境。
The biggest feature of Chinese gardens that distinguishes it from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a concrete garden image that is presented to people as its ultimate goal.It pursues artistic conception.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The biggest feature that distinguishes Chinese gardens from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a specific garden image in front of people as its ultimate goal, but rather the pursuit of the mood.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。
The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Ling 张玲==

1. 中国古代建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。
Chinese ancient architectural art is a part of Chinese traditional culture. In the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese ancient architecture has gradually formed its own system and characteristics. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，是人类文明的重要遗产。
Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of world gardens, the wonder of world art, and the important heritage of human civilization. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of gardens in the world, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。
Based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Taking West Lake in Hangzhou as the chief source, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 卡尔对慈禧的第一印象很好，她认为这位太后“看上去非常和善、年轻而又带着迷人笑容”。慈禧对卡尔也甚为满意，称她“柯姑娘”，并安排她住在距颐和园不远的醇亲王别墅，便于她每天早朝后进园画像。
Carl had a good first impression of Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called her "Miss Ke" and arranged for her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa not far from the Summer Palace, so that it was very convenient for her to make portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty. --[[User:Zhang Ling|Zhang Ling]] ([[User talk:Zhang Ling|talk]]) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Carl had a good first impression on Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called Karl "Miss Ke" and arranged her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa, which is not far from the Summer Palace, so as to draw portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻==

假山和石花园是中国园林建筑的重要组成部分。
The artificial mountain and rock garden is the integral element of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountain and rock garden are the integral elements of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountains and gardens of stone are important parts of Chinese classical gardens.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

中国园林善于和借景，不会死板地将景观以对称的方式排列，而是会将大大小小的景观不守成规精妙地排列。
The Chinese garden architecture characterized by taking advantages of the environment and shun symmetry along axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese garden architecture is characterized by taking advantages of the scenes. It arrangs different landscapes in an irregular but exquisite form rather than rigid and symmetrical one.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，园区主要有万寿山，昆明湖两大景区组成。颐和园是“三山五园”之一，也是中国最后一座皇家林园。
The Summer Palace is the royal garden covering the largest area in the world. It is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of the three mountains and five gardens and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, which is mainly composd of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "the three mountains and five gardens" and the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Gan Fengyu|Gan Fengyu]] ([[User talk:Gan Fengyu|talk]]) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "Three Hills and Five Gardens" , as well as the last royal garden in China.--[[User:Zeng Liang|Zeng Liang]] ([[User talk:Zeng Liang|talk]]) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Weihong 张维虹==

1. 建筑物是人类智慧的结晶，更是城市文化的集中体现，每座令人眼前一亮的城市，除了风景的不可复制外，建筑则是夺人眼球的元素，从曲线到块面，都适合通过镜头语言来表达。

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and the concentrated symbol of urban culture. Apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are eye-catching elements that can be expressed from curves to blocks.

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and a concentrated expression of urban culture. In every city that is eye-catching, apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are having eye-catching elements, from curves to blocks.--[[User:ANNA GROSHEVA|ANNA GROSHEVA]] ([[User talk:ANNA GROSHEVA|talk]]) 14:00, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 苏州园林当中的耦园就处于大吉之地。耦园的南（前）有河道，楼厅、重檐楼阁、藏书楼殿后，北面（后面）又枕河，西（右）有大路，东（左）为流水。

The coupling garden among Suzhou gardens is located in a prosperous place. In the south (front) of Coupling Garden, there are river courses, buildings and halls, double-eaved pavilions, the back of the library, the north (back) and the pillow river, the west (right) has a main road, and the east (left) is running water. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

3. 但是，当1994年承德避暑山庄被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》后，经过近十年的整治与恢复性建设，犹如一位灰姑娘摇身变成了王妃，在肇建300周年的庆典之日，她终于展露出应有的面貌与价值。

However, when Chengde Mountain Resort was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994, after nearly ten years of renovation and restoration construction, it was like a Cinderella turning into a princess. On the celebration day of the 300th anniversary of its establishment, she finally showed her due appearance and value. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

==Zhang Yinliu 张银柳==
1.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主, 现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly featured with wood structure, and western traditional architecture, brick structure, and modern architecture, reinforced concrete. --[[User:Zhang Weihong|Zhang Weihong]] ([[User talk:Zhang Weihong|talk]]) 03:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.在设计屋顶花园的同时要考虑屋顶的承重和防水、渗水设计。任何屋顶的承重力度均在建筑设计规范中，无论什么形式的绿化园艺园林设计前要考虑进去。

In the design of roof garden, we should consider the load-bearing, waterproof and seepage design of the roof. The load-bearing strength of any roof is in the architectural design code, which should be taken into account before any form of greening, horticulture and landscape design.

3.2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Record Association.--[[User:Zhang Yinliu|Zhang Yinliu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yinliu|talk]]) 02:10, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure, and modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yu 张瑜==
1.古建筑是科学发展的标志，构成了中华民族古代文明的一部分。

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, constitutes one part of ancient Chinese civilizations.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture is the symbol of scientific development, which constitutes one part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.--[[User:Yang Yue|Yang Yue]] ([[User talk:Yang Yue|talk]]) 13:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, is a part of the ancient Chinese civilization.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 02:07, 8 November 2020 (UTC)
2.在中国艺术史上，文学艺术与园林艺术相辅相成，彼此促进，交相辉映。

In the history of Chinese art, the arts of literature and garden mutually reinforce, promote and enhance each other's beauty.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.北京颐和园作为中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

The Summer Palace in Beijing, as the largest and the best-preserved imperial garden in China, was honored as the Museum of Imperial Gardens.--[[User:Zhang Yu|Zhang Yu]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yu|talk]]) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yujie 张毓婕==
建筑既是规划，设计和建设的过程又是其产品。中国古代建筑作品通常被视为文化象征和中华民族所创造的艺术品。

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Ancient Chinese architectural works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art of the Chinese nation.

中国园林建筑的特点是利用环境优势，使自然风光与人文情趣融为一体。园林建筑的外观应符合美学，富有表现力，并可以增强周围环境的美感。

The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenery and human interests could be merged. The appearances of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings.

颐和园，明清时期的皇家园林，前身是清漪园，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。与小家碧玉的江南园林相比，颐和园多了一份皇室气度和威严。

The Summer Palace, a royal garden of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is honored as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is a national key tourist attraction. Compared with the small beautiful Jiangnan gardens, the Summer Palace has more imperial atmosphere and majesty.--[[User:Zhang Yujie|Zhang Yujie]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yujie|talk]]) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhang Yuxing 张宇星==

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。中国古代建筑的类型很多，主要有宫殿、坛庙、寺观、佛塔、民居和园林建筑等。

2.第二，花木种类众多，布局有法。江南气候土壤适合花木生长。园林堪称集植物之大成，且多奇花珍木，如拙政园中的山茶和明画家文徵明手植藤。

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

1. There are many types of ancient Chinese buildings, mainly including palaces, temples, temples, pagodas, residential buildings and garden buildings.

2. Second, full of different flowers and trees, and the whole layout is satisfactory. The climate and soil situation in Jingnan is suitable for flowers and trees, and gardens, as a collection of plants, cover various rare flowers and trees, such as the camellia in the Humble Administrator's Garden and the hand-planting of vines by Ming painter Wen Zhengming.

3. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was listed among World Heritage List in November 1998.--[[User:Zhang Yuxing|Zhang Yuxing]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yuxing|talk]]) 02:34, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xi 赵茜==
1.中国传统建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。

Traditional Chinese architecture art is part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long-term cause of history development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture gradually has formed its own systems and characteristics. --[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Chinese architecture art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture has gradually formed its own systems and characteristics.--[[User:Zeng Xinyuan|Zeng Xinyuan]] ([[User talk:Zeng Xinyuan|talk]]) 14:28, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by Jiangnan's private garden and the northern royal garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻，以昆明湖为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Royal Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large landscape garden, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan, with Kunming Lake as the base site, Hangzhou West Lake as the model, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan Garden.--[[User:Zhao Xi|Zhao Xi]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xi|talk]]) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕==
1.中国不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

Different regions have different architectural styles in China, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Different regions of China have different architectural styles, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese gardens combine color, fragrance and rhyme. Since ancient times, they have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool. It is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional gardens, integrating color, fragrance and charm, have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool since ancient times, which is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhao Xiaoyan|Zhao Xiaoyan]] ([[User talk:Zhao Xiaoyan|talk]]) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, a Chinese imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty, formerly known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Hui|Zhang Hui]] ([[User talk:Zhang Hui|talk]]) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly Known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of 290 hectares(2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--[[User:Zhang Peiwen|Zhang Peiwen]] ([[User talk:Zhang Peiwen|talk]]) 09:11, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhou Yiwen 周艺文==

1.中国古代的匠师在建筑装饰中最敢于使用色彩也最善于使用色彩。这个特点是和中国建筑的木结构体系分不开的。因为木料不能经久，所以，中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固木构件用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

Ancient Chinese craftsmen were the most daring to use color and the best at using color in architectural decoration. This feature is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because wood is not durable, Chinese architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood to protect the joints of wood and reinforced wood components with tenon-and-mortise joints, and at the same time increase aesthetics, to achieve a combination of practicality, solidity and beauty.

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩（约合5.2公顷）。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。

The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (approximately 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, exquisite halls and pavilions, luxuriant flowers and trees, with strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden were also called China’s four famous gardens. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.

4.1906年，慈禧太后下禁缠足令，开中国解放妇女之先河。

In 1906, the Empress Dowager Cixi issued a foot-binding order, which was a precedent for the liberation of women in China.

==Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲==

1.框架式结构是中国古代建筑在建筑结构上最重要的一个特征。“墙倒屋不塌”这句古老的谚语，概括地指出了中国建筑这种框架结构最重要的特点。

Frame structure is one of the most important features of the ancient Chinese buildings. The old saying " Even though the wall collapses, the building stands" is a generalization of this most important feature.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

The art of Chinese garden building regards the pursuit of natural spiritual realm as the ultimate goal, so as to embody the aesthetic purport of "looking like the nature's work though actually created by human beings.".--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基础，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, built by the Kun Ming Lake and on the Wan Shou Mountain, is a large landscape garden, taking the West Lake of Hangzhou as the blueprint and applying the design method of the gardens located in the south of Yangtze River.--[[User:Zhou Yuanqu|Zhou Yuanqu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Yuanqu|talk]]) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Meimei 祝美梅==

7月16日至30日，在四川美术学院美术馆展出的《“见微知著方寸之间”中国建筑艺术之美》展览让人印象深刻。中国唐宋明清时期建筑的绝代风华，梁思成、陈从周等建筑大师的心血之作尽收眼底。

From July 16th to 30th, the exhibition " From 'pars pro toto' to See the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Art" at the Art Museum of Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts was impressive. We can appreciate the unparalleled beauty of architectures in China's Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the painstaking works of architects such as Liang Sicheng and Chen Congzhou.

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，在漫长的时间里，形成了皇家园林、寺观园林、私家园林三足鼎立的格局。
Chinese garden building history is more than two thousand years. Over a long period of time, three pillars which are imperial gardens, temple gardens, and private gardens have been formed.
Chinese garden building has a long history of over 2000 years, during which a tripartite structure of royal gardens, temple gardens and private gardens has been formed.--[[User:Hu Jin|Hu Jin]] ([[User talk:Hu Jin|talk]]) 03:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园坐落在北京西郊,主要由昆明湖和万寿山两部分组成,占地面积约290公顷。它既是一座极具江南风情的大型山水园林,又是我国保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑,1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。
The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Longevity Mountain, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is not only a large-scale landscape garden with great Jiangnan characteristics, but also the most intactly preserved imperial palace garden in my country. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in 1998.--[[User:Zhumeimei|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei|talk]]) 07:44, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zhu Xu 朱旭==

1.巍峨耸立于武昌蛇山的黄鹤楼，自古享有“天下江山第一楼“和“天下绝景”之称，与岳阳楼、滕王阁并称“江南四大名楼”，相传始建于三国时期吴黄武二年（公元223年）。崔颢一首黄鹤楼题词，已成为千古绝唱，更使黄鹤楼名声大噪。

The Yellow Crane Tower stands atop Snake Mountain, Wuchang. Since ancient times, it has been "a great wonder of the world". Indeed, it is no less famous thanYueyang Tower or Tengwang Pavilion. They are known as"hree famous buildings in the South of Yangtse river".The exact building time was the 2nd Year (223) of Eastern Wu, Three Kingdoms Period. Cui Hao improvised a poem Inscription on Yellow Crane Tower, which has been lauded as a tour de force."--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林架构的特征在于利用自然环境，以使天然场景和人的兴趣相结合。经典花园架构往往点缀诗歌书画。他们顺沿对称轴，采用不规则的和复杂的布局，利用大大小小的空间。花园建筑的外观应该是有美感和有表现力的，增强周围环境的美。

The Chinese gardens are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be merged. The classic gardens architectures are often embellished with calligraphy of poems and with paintings. They shun symmetry along an axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces. The appearance of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings. --[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese garden architectures, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design:"The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4.故事是这么说的，在19世纪80年代帝国主义混乱动荡的年代，慈禧太后挪用海军资金3000万银子来改造和重建宫殿，她建造一个巨大的大理石和玉“船”。但是这艘船没有满足皇家海军的第一个要求——浮起来。

As the story goes, the Empress Dowager Cixi, during the chaotic and tumultuous imperialist years of the 1880s, embezzled navy funds–30 million tales of silver–to revamp and reconstruct the Palace, which included her construction of a massive marble and jade "boat". However, the boat did not fulfill the first requirement of the imperial navy–it failed to float.--[[User:Zhu Xu|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu|talk]]) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

==Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨==

1.从古至今，中国人一直追求着造物里的对称美，从皇城宫苑到普通民宅，从群体建筑的规划到一户一室的布局，从亭台楼阁到轩榭廊舫……我们处处都可见中式对称的影子。

From ancient times to the present, Chinese people have been pursuing the symmetrical beauty in creation. From imperial palace gardens to ordinary houses, from the planning of group buildings to the layout of one family and one room, and from pavilions to porches, we can see the shadow of Chinese symmetry everywhere.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.古代从有文字记载的殷周算起，中国园林已有3000多年的历史。随着社会的进步，中国园林逐渐形成独特的民族形式，自成体系。

In ancient times, Chinese gardens have a history of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Yin and Zhou dynasties, which are recorded in writing. With the progress of society, Chinese gardens gradually have a unique national form and build a system of its own.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.在文学创作中有“明线”与“暗线”相结合的写作手法，如果用这种思路去研究颐和园，那么在这座政治与园林相结合的皇家园林中，也可以看到祈求天下一统的政治文化和封建帝王治理江山的思想脉络，在这里表现为镇山、镇水与治民思想。

In literary creation, there is a combination of "open lines" and "dark lines". If you use this idea to study the Summer Palace, then in this royal garden that combines politics and gardens, you can also see the political culture which prays for the unity of the world and the ideological context of the feudal emperor’s governance of the country, which is expressed as the thoughts of suppressing mountains and water, and governing people.--[[User:Zou Xinyu2|Zou Xinyu2]] ([[User talk:Zou Xinyu2|talk]]) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

==Zubareva, Ekaterina==
1.Chinese architecture, the built structures of China, specifically those found in the 18 historical provinces of China that are bounded by the Tibetan Highlands on the west, the Gobi to the north, and Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam to the southwest.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

中国建筑，即中国的建筑结构，特别是在中国的18个历史省份中发现的那些建筑，这些省份以西部的西藏高地，北部的戈壁和西南部的缅甸（缅甸），老挝和越南为边界。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Principles of landscape design formulated in Suzhou in the 16th and 17th centuries deeply inform Liu Fang Yuan.--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

16世纪和17世纪苏州制定的景观设计原则深刻地影响了刘方圆。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palace’s landscaped gardens, temples, and pavilions were designed to achieve harmony with nature, to soothe, and to please the eye. --[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园的园景花园，寺庙和凉亭的设计旨在实现与自然的和谐，舒缓和愉悦的目光。--[[User:ZubarevaEkaterina|ZubarevaEkaterina]] ([[User talk:ZubarevaEkaterina|talk]]) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)