China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Pan Yilin

2024-12-30T07:53:10Z

Pan Yilin:

My name is Pan Yilin, a 23-year-old native of Huaihua, Hunan Province, China. Currently enrolled at Hunan Normal University, I am pursuing a degree in Japanese Translation with a focus on written language. Beyond academics, I nurture a passion for music, where my talents shine brightest in singing and playing the pipa, an exquisite traditional Chinese lute. This blend of cultural pursuits and linguistic skills shapes my unique identity, driving me forward in both artistic expression and cross-cultural understanding.

= Nov 2, 2024 = Today I practiced writing sentences in a foreign language with TalkAI.

= Nov 3, 2024 = Today I continued my foreign language learning journey by engaging in conversations with TalkAI.

= Nov 4, 2024 = I utilized TalkAI to enhance my understanding of foreign language grammar today.

= Nov 5, 2024 = With TalkAI, I practiced translating sentences from English to my target foreign language.

= Nov 6, 2024 = Today I focused on vocabulary building in my foreign language studies with TalkAI.

= Nov 7, 2024 = I engaged in listening exercises to improve my foreign language comprehension skills using TalkAI.

= Nov 8, 2024 = Today I used TalkAI to practice writing essays in my foreign language.

= Nov 9, 2024 = I reviewed past lessons and practiced speaking with TalkAI to improve my foreign language fluency.

= Nov 10, 2024 = Today I challenged myself with complex foreign language texts and discussions with TalkAI.

= Nov 11, 2024 = With TalkAI, I practiced cultural understanding through foreign language media and literature.

= Nov 12, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language pronunciation with guided practice from TalkAI.

= Nov 13, 2024 = I engaged in role-playing activities to practice real-life scenarios in my foreign language with TalkAI.

= Nov 14, 2024 = Today I used TalkAI to explore idiomatic expressions and slang in my foreign language learning.

= Nov 15, 2024 = I practiced writing short stories in my foreign language and received feedback from TalkAI.

= Nov 16, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language writing speed and accuracy with timed exercises and TalkAI.

= Nov 17, 2024 = I engaged in language exchange activities with native speakers through TalkAI to enhance my foreign language skills.

= Nov 18, 2024 = Today I reviewed and consolidated my foreign language knowledge with quizzes and games on TalkAI.

= Nov 19, 2024 = I practiced foreign language reading comprehension by reading articles and discussing them with TalkAI.

= Nov 20, 2024 = Today I focused on expanding my foreign language vocabulary by learning new words and their contexts with TalkAI.

= Nov 21, 2024 = I engaged in cultural immersion activities, such as watching foreign films and discussing them with TalkAI.

= Nov 22, 2024 = Today I practiced foreign language writing by composing emails and letters in my target language with TalkAI.

= Nov 23, 2024 = I focused on improving my foreign language listening skills by listening to podcasts and discussing them with TalkAI.

= Nov 24, 2024 = Today I engaged in language games and challenges on TalkAI to make my foreign language learning more enjoyable.

= Nov 25, 2024 = I practiced foreign language speaking by participating in language clubs and discussions on TalkAI.

= Nov 26, 2024 = Today I reviewed my progress and set new goals for my foreign language learning journey with TalkAI.

= Nov 27, 2024 = I engaged in more advanced foreign language reading and writing exercises with guidance from TalkAI.

= Nov 28, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language conversation skills by chatting with native speakers on TalkAI.

= Nov 29, 2024 = I practiced foreign language grammar and sentence structure with detailed explanations from TalkAI.

= Nov 30, 2024 = Today I engaged in a foreign language writing marathon, writing continuously for an hour with support from TalkAI.

= Dec 1, 2024 = I reviewed and practiced foreign language idioms and cultural references with TalkAI to deepen my understanding.

= Dec 2, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language pronunciation and intonation with guided practice sessions on TalkAI.

= Dec 3, 2024 = I engaged in language exchange activities with other learners on TalkAI to practice my foreign language in real-time.

= Dec 4, 2024 = Today I practiced foreign language writing by creating a short video script in my target language with feedback from TalkAI.

= Dec 5, 2024 = I focused on expanding my foreign language vocabulary by learning new words daily and practicing them with TalkAI.

= Dec 6, 2024 = Today I engaged in a foreign language reading club on TalkAI, discussing themes and ideas from the texts we read.

= Dec 7, 2024 = I practiced foreign language listening by listening to foreign news and discussing the content with TalkAI.

= Dec 8, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language speaking skills by participating in mock interviews with TalkAI.

= Dec 9, 2024 = I engaged in writing exercises that combined multiple foreign language skills, such as reading, writing, and speaking, with TalkAI.

= Dec 10, 2024 = Today I reviewed and consolidated my foreign language knowledge by creating flashcards and quizzing myself with TalkAI.

= Dec 11, 2024 = I engaged in cultural immersion activities, such as watching foreign dramas and discussing cultural nuances with TalkAI.

= Dec 12, 2024 = Today I focused on improving my foreign language writing style by analyzing and模仿foreign authors' works with guidance from TalkAI.

= Dec 13, 2024 = I practiced foreign language listening by listening to music and lyrics in my target language and discussing them with TalkAI.

= Dec 14, 2024 = Today I engaged in language games and challenges on TalkAI to keep my foreign language learning fun and engaging.

= Dec 15, 2024 = I practiced foreign language conversation skills by chatting with native speakers on TalkAI and receiving real-time feedback.

= Dec 16, 2024 = Today I focused on expanding my foreign language reading comprehension by reading complex texts and discussing them with TalkAI.

= Dec 17, 2024 = I engaged in foreign language writing exercises that focused on persuasive writing and received feedback from TalkAI.

= Dec 18, 2024 = Today I practiced foreign language grammar by working on advanced sentence structures and receiving guidance from TalkAI.

= Dec 19, 2024 = I engaged in a foreign language writing workshop on TalkAI, where I shared my work and received feedback from peers and mentors.

= Dec 20, 2024 = Today I reviewed my entire foreign language learning journey with TalkAI, celebrating my progress and setting new goals for the future.

Zhongyuan Festival

The Zhongyuan Festival is one of the major traditional festivals in China, falling on the 14th or 15th day of the seventh lunar month. Originally named by Taoism, it is known as "Ullambana Festival" in Buddhism and commonly referred to as the Ghost Festival, or the Festival of the Dead, or the Seventh Month Half Festival. The Zhongyuan Festival serves the dual purposes of ancestor worship and gratitude, with filial piety as its spiritual core. It is a unique presence among China's traditional folk festivals and an important occasion for Chinese people to express filial piety and remembrance for their deceased parents and relatives.

Historical Origins of the Zhongyuan Festival
As one of the four major traditional Chinese sacrificial festivals, the Zhongyuan Festival has historical roots in Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Its name originates from Taoism, and its customs stem from the ancient Confucian practice of autumn sacrifices. By the Song Dynasty, it had evolved into a festival observed three times in one day, with Taoists sacrificing to the Earth God on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month each year to pray for determining good and evil in the human world, while the people sacrificed to their ancestors and wandering ghosts. Influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism established the Ullambana Assembly to help the souls of ancestors transcend. Taoism, as China's indigenous religion, also emphasizes filial piety due to the influence of the patriarchal system, which is why the ancestor worship customs of the Zhongyuan Festival have taken root among the people.

Main Traditional Customs

1、Burning Paper Money: Burning paper money is the most solemn sacrificial activity during the Ghost Festival. The time for burning paper money varies from region to region. In some areas, people burn it in advance, on the 14th day of the seventh lunar month. However, generally speaking, the paper money burning activity on the evening of the 15th day of the seventh lunar month is the most grand.

Legend has it that at midnight on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, the King of Hell will close the Gates of Hell, so those wandering ghosts will take the opportunity to cause trouble. To prevent mountain gods and wandering ghosts from entering their homes, every household burns paper money inside and outside their houses, lights incense and candle paper to surround their houses, and children are not allowed to go out at night to prevent being taken away by wandering ghosts in the chaos.

2、Ancestor Worship: Commonly known as grave worship, it mainly involves burning incense, offering sacrifices, and kowtowing at the gravesite. In modern times, people usually go to their relatives' gravesites to pay their respects. In ancient times, this custom was very popular. Due to differences in local customs, the forms of ancestor worship also vary. Some people go to the countryside to visit their ancestors' graves, some go to the ancestral hall to worship, and most set up ancestral tablets in the main hall at home, display offerings, and then the worshippers offer incense and kowtow in order of age. For ancestor worship, fish and meat dishes are usually prepared and served in tall bowls, resembling the grandeur of ancient banquets with bells and tripods.

Inheritance and Dissemination of Zhongyuan Festival Culture

The Zhongyuan Festival is one of China's traditional sacrificial festivals, serving the dual purposes of ancestor worship and gratitude, with filial piety as its spiritual core. Neighboring countries such as Japan, Singapore, and Malaysia have been influenced by it and have established similar festivals. Due to various reasons, the Zhongyuan Festival has not received much attention among young people in China. However, inheriting and disseminating Chinese traditional festivals is not only necessary for promoting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation but also for obtaining the cultural identity of overseas Chinese towards Chinese culture. Therefore, while disseminating Chinese culture externally, we should also inherit this traditional festival of ancestor worship and filial piety. (Zhang Fangying, Mao Haiying, 2022.09)

Current Status of Dissemination at Home and Abroad

In China, unlike other traditional festivals with fixed customs, the way the Zhongyuan Festival is celebrated has varied greatly across different regions since ancient times. For example, in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, there is a custom called "Shi Shi" (offering food to the hungry ghosts), which is influenced by the Buddhist Ullambana Festival and involves sacrificing to wandering ghosts on this day.

In Hebei and Shanxi provinces, sending sheep is a custom during the Zhongyuan Festival. According to legend, to mend his relationship with his nephew, the God Erlang borrowed the homophone of the surname "Yang" (sheep) and sent a pair of live sheep made of aloeswood every Zhongyuan Festival. Therefore, locals also use this custom to maintain family ties.

Shepherds in Shanxi province will sacrifice sheep to the gods on this day to seek prosperity. In the Qidong area of Shandong province, the ancient custom of the Zhongyuan Festival is to hold a melon festival. There are also different customs for the Zhongyuan Festival in Henan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hunan, Hubei, and other places. Therefore, there are no fixed activities for the Zhongyuan Festival, and each region has its unique customs, which are difficult to retrieve once lost.

As a Chinese traditional festival, the Zhongyuan Festival was spread to countries such as Japan, Silla (an ancient Korean kingdom), Singapore, and Malaysia through China's foreign exchanges, where it took root and developed new forms. In Singapore, the Zhongyuan Festival was brought over by a large number of Chinese immigrants in modern times, and through development and evolution, it has created new content that adapts to the current era in Singapore. For example, the "July Song Stage" is a performance activity that entertains both people and ghosts. Many non-Chinese also actively participate in Zhongyuan Festival activities and incorporate public welfare elements such as social charity and caring for vulnerable groups, thereby diluting the religious overtones of the festival and increasing the understanding and identification of the younger generation with the Zhongyuan Festival. In Malaysia, local Chinese hold Zhongyuan Pudu activities in temples, such as worshiping the Pudu Gong (a deity related to the festival) and holding song stage performances. One of the most distinctive features is the Pudu Opera, which has the meaning of blessing and warding off evil, and is mostly Cantonese and Fujianese opera. (Zhang Fangying, Mao Haiying, 2022.09)

References

1、Fu Gongzhen, Fan Liewu. A Brief Analysis of the "Zhongyuan Festival" and Its Practical Significance.
2、Zhang Yongtao. Chinese Traditional Ghost Festival and Its Cultural Implications. Lanzhou University, 2012 (from "Rootsearch", 2008).
3、 Hu Mengsheng. The Cultural Implications of the "Zhongyuan Festival" and "Bon Odori" – A Cultural Perspective on Sino-Japanese Folk Traditional Festivals. CNKI, 2002.
4、Zhang Fangying, Mao Haiying. Inheritance and Dissemination of Zhongyuan Festival Culture. Literature Education, 2022.09.

Terms and expressions
Zhongyuan Festival 中元节
Ullambana Festival 盂兰盆节
Burning Paper Money 烧纸钱
Ancestor Worship 祭祖
Ghost Festival 鬼节
ancestral tablets 祖先牌位

Questions:

1、On which day of the lunar calendar is China's Zhongyuan Festival usually celebrated?
2、Which religions are associated with the Zhongyuan Festival?
3、Which traditional Chinese festival did the Zhongyuan Festival originate from?
4、Please name two traditional customs of the Zhongyuan Festival.
5、Please provide evidence of the spread of the Zhongyuan Festival overseas.

中元节

中元节是中国的主要传统节日之一，时间为农历七月十四/十五。该名最初为道教所称，佛教称为“盂兰盆节”，民间俗称鬼节，又称亡人节、七月半。中元节带有祭祖和感恩的双重功能，孝文化是其精神内核，也是中国传统民俗节日中特殊的存在，是中国人对逝去父母以及亲人表达孝敬、思念的重要节日。

中元节的历史渊源
中元节作为中国传统四大祭祀节日之一，同时具备儒、释、道三家的历史渊源。此名源于道教，其节俗始于古代儒家秋尝祭祀的古老习俗。发展到宋代，形成了一日三节的形态，即在每年农历七月十五，道教祭地官，祈求定人间善恶，民间祭祀祖先、孤魂野鬼。佛教受儒家影响，设盂兰盆会，以超度历代先祖。道教作为中国的本土宗教，又受到宗法制的影响注重孝道，因此中元节祭祖节俗得以扎根民间。

主要传统习俗
1、烧纸钱：烧纸钱是鬼节期间最为隆重的祭祀活动，根据地域的不同，烧纸钱的时间各有不同，有的地区会提前烧纸钱，在七月十四这天烧。但一般来说，七月十五晚上的烧纸钱活动最为隆重。
传说七月十五晚上子时，阎王爷就要把鬼门关上，因此那些孤魂野鬼们就会趁机捣乱，人们为了防山神野“鬼”入屋，家家户户在屋里屋外烧纸钱，点上香和蜡纸将自家房屋围住，小孩晚上不得出门，以防乱中被野鬼抓走。
2、祭祖：俗称墓祭，主要是在坟地烧香、上供、叩拜。近代一般是到亲人的墓地祭拜。古时，这种礼俗很盛。因各地礼俗的不同，祭祖形式也各异，有的到野外瞻拜祖墓，有的到宗祠拜祖，而大多在家中将祖先牌位依次摆在正厅，陈列供品，然后祭拜者按长幼的顺序上香跪拜。祭祖，多半做鱼肉碗菜，盛以高碗，颇有钟鸣鼎食之意。

中元节文化的传承与传播
中元节是中国传统祭祀节日之一，带有祭祖和感恩的双重功能，孝文化是其精神内核。中国邻近国家如日本、新加坡、马来西亚等都受其影响，设立了相似的节日。因种种原因，中元节在国内年轻人中关注度并不高，而传承和传播中国传统节日既是弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化的需要，也是获得海外侨胞对中华文化认同的需要。所以我们在向外传播中国文化的同时，更应该传承好这个祭祖敬孝的传统节日。(张方颖毛海莹2022.09)
1、国内外传播现状
在国内，中元节不像其他传统节日设有固定的节俗，不同地区的过节方式自古以来就有很大差异。如浙江、福建一带有“施食”这一节俗，这是受佛教盂兰盆会的影响，在这一天祭祀孤魂野鬼。
送羊是河北山西一带的中元习俗，传说中二郎神为修复与外甥的关系，借“杨”姓的谐音，每年中元节都送沉香一对活羊，因此当地人也借此习俗联络血脉亲情。山西的牧羊人家会在这一天署羊祭神以求富庶。山东齐东一带的中元古俗为举办瓜节。河南、四川、广西、广州、上海、湖南、湖北等地也有不同的中元节俗。因此中元节没有固定的活动项目，各地都有独特的中元节节俗，一旦消逝就难以寻回。
作为中国传统节日的中元节曾随着我国的对外交流传播到日本、新罗、新加坡、马来西亚等国家，并在这些国家落地生根，发展出了新的形式。在新加坡，中元节是近现代以来伴随着大批中国移民传播到此的，而历经发展演变，中元节也已创造出适应新加坡当下时代的新内容。比如“七月歌台”是一項“娛人娛鬼”的表演活动。还有很多非华人积极参与中元节活动，并在其中加入社会慈善、关爱弱势群体等公益内容，从而淡化了节日的宗教色彩，增加了年轻一代对中元节的了解与认同。在马来西亚，当地华人会在神庙中举行中元普度的活动，如祭拜普度公、举行歌台表演等。其中最有特色的是具有祈福和除煞意义的普度戏，大多是广府戏和福建戏。(张方颖毛海莹2022.09)

参考文献
1、傅功振，樊列武. 浅析"中元节"及其现实意义．
2、《寻根》，2008张咏涛. 中国传统鬼节及其文化意蕴．兰州大学，2012
3、胡孟圣. "中元节"、"盆祭り"的文化蕴涵——中日民间传统节日文化透视．《CNKI》，2002
4、张方颖，毛海莹.中元节文化的传承与传播.《文学教育》，2022.09.

Terms and expressions
Zhongyuan Festival 中元节
Ullambana Festival 盂兰盆节
Burning Paper Money 烧纸钱
Ancestor Worship 祭祖
Ghost Festival 鬼节
ancestral tablets 祖先牌位

问题
1、中国的中元节一般是农历的什么日子？
2、中元节与哪些宗教有关联？
3、中元节最开始源于哪一个中国的传统节日？
4、请例举两个中元节的传统习俗？
5、请例举中元节在海外传播的证据。

User:Pan Yilin

2024-12-30T07:52:15Z

Pan Yilin:

User:Pan Yilin

2024-12-30T07:50:45Z

Pan Yilin:

User:Pan Yilin

2024-12-30T07:48:21Z

Pan Yilin: /* Nov 1，2024 */

User:Pan Yilin

2024-11-01T13:31:15Z

Pan Yilin:

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T04:21:32Z

Pan Yilin:

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211Chen Shanshan(Rebecca)

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Wang Yue/Nora)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404
156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T04:20:07Z

Pan Yilin:

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211Chen Shanshan(Rebecca)

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Wang Yue/Nora)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404
156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=