China Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]

Talk:Zhang Jie (born 1937)

2012-12-05T07:39:00Z

Reddragon:

Looks great! Very well formatted too. [[User:Pips|Pips]] 04:19, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Yeah, really long, You really do know your subject well. But on the other hand you still have quite a few grammar problems to work out, but that's ok. If you're looking to shorten your content, just get rid of some of the background info about Mao Zedong and the communist government. It's good stuff, but it's not so important when your discussing just this author. But if that's not what you want to do, that's ok too. [[User:Mingemperor|Mingemperor]] 06:53, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

I enjoyed the paper. I thought the grammar was fine. I particularly enjoy the lay out of it and the pictures. This paper helps you to know what else was going on during the time of the author.[[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:38, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Love how much work went into the writing of this paper. It gets a little off track at times, something that can be fixed by eliminating unneccessary content not pertaining directly to Zhang Jie. All together a great display of how much work you are willing to put into your paper. Great Work--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 07:02, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Zhang Jie (born 1937)

2012-12-05T07:38:36Z

Reddragon:

Looks great! Very well formatted too. [[User:Pips|Pips]] 04:19, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Yeah, really long, You really do know your subject well. But on the other hand you still have quite a few grammar problems to work out, but that's ok. If you're looking to shorten your content, just get rid of some of the background info about Mao Zedong and the communist government. It's good stuff, but it's not so important when your discussing just this author. But if that's not what you want to do, that's ok too. [[User:Mingemperor|Mingemperor]] 06:53, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

I enjoyed the paper. I thought the grammar was fine. I particularly enjoy the lay out of it and the pictures. This paper helps you to know what else was going on during the time of the author. Reddragon[[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:38, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Love how much work went into the writing of this paper. It gets a little off track at times, something that can be fixed by eliminating unneccessary content not pertaining directly to Zhang Jie. All together a great display of how much work you are willing to put into your paper. Great Work--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 07:02, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Mo Yan

2012-12-05T07:27:26Z

Reddragon:

Looks good so far... obviously it's not finished though. [[User:Pips|Pips]] 04:17, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Agreed. I like the outline, and look forward to seeing more.--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 06:58, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Yes, It looks like some work still needs to be done. But what I see, I like. Seriously though, you should hurry.
There isn't much time left! [[User:Mingemperor|Mingemperor]] 06:58, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

This paper is on the making. Not sure what is going on but I hope Corinne is doing well. She does not come
across to me as a person that would wait this long to complete this. You can do it Corinne! I know you can!.[[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:26, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Mo Yan

2012-12-05T07:26:50Z

Reddragon:

Looks good so far... obviously it's not finished though. [[User:Pips|Pips]] 04:17, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Agreed. I like the outline, and look forward to seeing more.--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 06:58, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Yes, It looks like some work still needs to be done. But what I see, I like. Seriously though, you should hurry.
There isn't much time left! [[User:Mingemperor|Mingemperor]] 06:58, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

This paper is on the making. Not sure what is going on but I hope Corinne is doing well. She does not come
across to me as a person that would wait this long to complete this. You can do it! I know you can!. Reddragon [[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:26, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Yu Hua

2012-12-05T07:20:12Z

Reddragon: Created page with 'I think this paper is mixed with another wiki of "Ba Jin". If you read it through it has information on another author. Please corrected. Perhaps the code got mixed up. Reddragon…'

I think this paper is mixed with another wiki of "Ba Jin". If you read it through it has information on another author. Please corrected. Perhaps the code got mixed up. Reddragon [[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:20, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Wang Meng

2012-12-05T07:16:07Z

Reddragon:

I think that the size of the picture illuminaties the sheer length and depth that the author went into to compose this work of art. Also, maybe suggestions on how to increase the size of the picture would help.--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 06:33, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

A good summary and description of his life. But what about his personality? tell me something inspiring that he said. One of your sources said something that I think captured this man. speaking of his childhood in poverty he jokingly wrote, "If I were a tiger, I would eat rich people" That is something that shows the soul of this guy. Show me a little more of that. [[User:Mingemperor|Mingemperor]] 06:42, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

I like the information on this wiki, it is a quick resource. I would have like to hear about a project or work Wang Meng did. Adding a few more sources in this paper could help it stand even better. Reddragon [[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:16, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Talk:Ba Jin

2012-12-05T07:02:23Z

Reddragon:

Looks great, could use some more pictures though. [[User:Pips|Pips]] 04:16, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Love the length of this paper and the depth. I agree with the pictures, but I understand because I couldnt find sufficient pictures to use myself. Overall a good paper.--[[User:Foot|Foot]] 06:57, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

I was wondering if people today still see Ba Jin as a traitor or they have changed their mind. I did enjoyed they way you wrote this paper, thanks. Reddragon [[User:Reddragon|Reddragon]] 07:02, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

Zhang Ailing

2012-10-10T06:59:53Z

Reddragon:

==Youth==
I enjoyed this presentation. I though it was well done. I would have liked to see more of your opinion in the wiky and maybe one picture. Reddragon.

Zhang Ailing was born and raised in a situation of political and Marital unrest, on September 9th of 1920, in Shanghai. Born in a China that was attempting to place itself in the modern world, her society was in a state of change and development perfect for the rise of new and different authors. Perfect especially, for a female author to become popular. Her personal life matching the political era, she found herself changing setting often as in 1922 her family moved to Tianjin. Her family was important to the Chinese government, which allowed them to live a privileged lifestyle. Despite their financial stability, the marriage of Zhang’s parents was unstable, and her mother left for the United Kingdom in 1925. Her father then veered off course, first taking a concubine, and becoming addicted to opium (Cultural China). Her mother returned in 1928 and the family returned to Shanghai. This created a sense of stability but they divorced two years later. Her father remarried and raised her with his second wife.
Her life at home was fraught with abuse and discomfort. Her father’s addiction prevented him from being a particularly supportive parent. When she was 18, she contracted dysentery, unwilling to take her to a doctor, Zhang’s father and stepmother locked her in her room for 6 months. After this time, she ran away to live with her mother. This life of terror and abuse may bear great relation to her future reclusiveness, and also to her personal rather than political focus in her writing.

==Education==

Zhang began school when she was 4 in a traditional Chinese school, but her mother wanted her to receive a western education, and when she turned 9, she began attending a western school. She had a particular love for language and literature and became fluent in English, in addition to her native Chinese. Zhang attended and graduated from a Christian High School but claimed her family was not religious. Perhaps a religious school was the most western to be found in their particular setting.
Education was really important to Zhang, and in 1939, she planned to attend the University of London, on a Scholarship, but could not due to the war in China. Instead, she studied English Literature at the University of Hong Kong until the Japanese Invasion forced her back into mainland China (Encyclopedia Britannica). Eventually she attended St. John’s University, but had to drop out due to lack of funds, refusing to work any job except for writing.
Despite the inconsistency of her educational situation, Zhang had a love of the written word. Her writing was hugely popular and influential in China, and remains popular to this day. The ways in which she approached untraditional relationships in her writing were completely revolutionary. It is possible that her take on relationships came from the confused path of relationships she observed in her immediate family, and eventually in her own life.

==Marriages==

She met her first husband, Hu Lancheng , in 1943. He was married to his 3rd wife at the time, but they pursued a relationship and married a year later. No mention is given to what happened to his 3rd wife. Apparently unable to maintain a monogamous relationship, Hu was unfaithful, and they divorced in 1947, after only about 3 years of marriage.
Zhang later met an American Screenwriter, Ferdinand Reyher, and in 1956 they were married. Before their marriage, Zhang became pregnant, and Reyher proposed but insisted that he did not want the baby. It seemed that although he loved Zhang and wanted to be with her in a permanent relationship, he was not interested in becoming a father. She eventually miscarried, and never had any children. The couple were married for many years, even as Reyher became ill, and eventually died in 1967.
Her marital relationships perhaps only added to her disillusionment with the world, and contributed to her eventual reclusiveness.

==Literary Career==

Zhang’s literary career was one of immense popularity. In contrast to many of her contemporaries, she did not take a political approach to her writing. She seemed more interested in exploring the intricacies of relationships, and particularly in portraying the workings of the human mind. Her experience with both her own relationships and the relationships of her parents greatly influenced this desire to understand men and women, and how they interact with one another. She wrote many popular books and short works, many of which have been translated into English and other languages. She also worked as a translator, translating many books from Chinese into English.
Works
Love in a Fallen City
"The Golden Cangue"
Lust, Caution
Naked Earth
The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China
The Rouge of the North
Traces of Love and Other Stories
Written on Water
Sealed Off
Jasmine Tea

==Later Life==

After the death of her second husband, Zhang fell into reclusiveness. Disillusioned with the world, she began to withdraw, until she almost never came out into the world. When she died of heart failure in 1995 in Los Angeles, she was not discovered for several days. It seems that her difficulties with relationships as a child and an adult, led her to dislike society. That being said, she willed her estate to friends, who eventually left it to their own children.

==Works Cited==
"Elieen Chang (Zhang Ailing) - A Legendary Female Writer." Cultural China. Cultural China, 2010. Web. 8 Oct 2012.
"Zhang Ailing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 08 Oct. 2012
[[User:Corinneb|Corinneb]] 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Zhang Ailing

2012-10-10T06:59:21Z

Reddragon:

==Youth== I enjoyed this presentation. I though it was well done. I would have liked to see more of your opinion in the wiky and maybe one picture. Reddragon.

Zhang Ailing was born and raised in a situation of political and Marital unrest, on September 9th of 1920, in Shanghai. Born in a China that was attempting to place itself in the modern world, her society was in a state of change and development perfect for the rise of new and different authors. Perfect especially, for a female author to become popular. Her personal life matching the political era, she found herself changing setting often as in 1922 her family moved to Tianjin. Her family was important to the Chinese government, which allowed them to live a privileged lifestyle. Despite their financial stability, the marriage of Zhang’s parents was unstable, and her mother left for the United Kingdom in 1925. Her father then veered off course, first taking a concubine, and becoming addicted to opium (Cultural China). Her mother returned in 1928 and the family returned to Shanghai. This created a sense of stability but they divorced two years later. Her father remarried and raised her with his second wife.
Her life at home was fraught with abuse and discomfort. Her father’s addiction prevented him from being a particularly supportive parent. When she was 18, she contracted dysentery, unwilling to take her to a doctor, Zhang’s father and stepmother locked her in her room for 6 months. After this time, she ran away to live with her mother. This life of terror and abuse may bear great relation to her future reclusiveness, and also to her personal rather than political focus in her writing.

==Education==

Zhang began school when she was 4 in a traditional Chinese school, but her mother wanted her to receive a western education, and when she turned 9, she began attending a western school. She had a particular love for language and literature and became fluent in English, in addition to her native Chinese. Zhang attended and graduated from a Christian High School but claimed her family was not religious. Perhaps a religious school was the most western to be found in their particular setting.
Education was really important to Zhang, and in 1939, she planned to attend the University of London, on a Scholarship, but could not due to the war in China. Instead, she studied English Literature at the University of Hong Kong until the Japanese Invasion forced her back into mainland China (Encyclopedia Britannica). Eventually she attended St. John’s University, but had to drop out due to lack of funds, refusing to work any job except for writing.
Despite the inconsistency of her educational situation, Zhang had a love of the written word. Her writing was hugely popular and influential in China, and remains popular to this day. The ways in which she approached untraditional relationships in her writing were completely revolutionary. It is possible that her take on relationships came from the confused path of relationships she observed in her immediate family, and eventually in her own life.

==Marriages==

She met her first husband, Hu Lancheng , in 1943. He was married to his 3rd wife at the time, but they pursued a relationship and married a year later. No mention is given to what happened to his 3rd wife. Apparently unable to maintain a monogamous relationship, Hu was unfaithful, and they divorced in 1947, after only about 3 years of marriage.
Zhang later met an American Screenwriter, Ferdinand Reyher, and in 1956 they were married. Before their marriage, Zhang became pregnant, and Reyher proposed but insisted that he did not want the baby. It seemed that although he loved Zhang and wanted to be with her in a permanent relationship, he was not interested in becoming a father. She eventually miscarried, and never had any children. The couple were married for many years, even as Reyher became ill, and eventually died in 1967.
Her marital relationships perhaps only added to her disillusionment with the world, and contributed to her eventual reclusiveness.

==Literary Career==

Zhang’s literary career was one of immense popularity. In contrast to many of her contemporaries, she did not take a political approach to her writing. She seemed more interested in exploring the intricacies of relationships, and particularly in portraying the workings of the human mind. Her experience with both her own relationships and the relationships of her parents greatly influenced this desire to understand men and women, and how they interact with one another. She wrote many popular books and short works, many of which have been translated into English and other languages. She also worked as a translator, translating many books from Chinese into English.
Works
Love in a Fallen City
"The Golden Cangue"
Lust, Caution
Naked Earth
The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China
The Rouge of the North
Traces of Love and Other Stories
Written on Water
Sealed Off
Jasmine Tea

==Later Life==

After the death of her second husband, Zhang fell into reclusiveness. Disillusioned with the world, she began to withdraw, until she almost never came out into the world. When she died of heart failure in 1995 in Los Angeles, she was not discovered for several days. It seems that her difficulties with relationships as a child and an adult, led her to dislike society. That being said, she willed her estate to friends, who eventually left it to their own children.

==Works Cited==
"Elieen Chang (Zhang Ailing) - A Legendary Female Writer." Cultural China. Cultural China, 2010. Web. 8 Oct 2012.
"Zhang Ailing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 08 Oct. 2012
[[User:Corinneb|Corinneb]] 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Lu Xun (1881-1936)

2012-10-10T06:52:02Z

Reddragon:

'''Lu Xun'''

[[File:Lu_Xun_1936.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Lu Xun smoking as always. Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lu_Xun_1936.jpg here] for original source]]
[[User:Kai|Kai]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

== Childhood == I though this presentation needed more preparation. I would have like to know more about the author. Reddragon.

Zhou Shuren, later known as Lu Xun (his pen name) was born September 25, 1881. In his youth, Lu Xun lived comfortably in Peking Beijing with his family, including his grandfather [a high ranking government official]. Matters for Lu Xun and his family took a turn for the worst when grandfather become chronically ill and needed expensive medication. In addition to illness and loss of wealth, Lu Xun's grandfather was accused of bribery and incarcerated for seven years. Once a year, Lu Xun's family was required to send money to The Ministry of Punishment to prevent his grandfather from being put to death. While in the process of being accused of bribery, Lu Xun’s grandfather became a victim to a government which encouraged it. This is where many of Lu Xun’s frustration against the governmental workings of China began.

== Motivations ==

Medicine was a special interest of Lu Xun. Partnered with the sickness of both his father and of his grandfather, and his desire to heal people, Lu Xun began to study medicine. Lu Xun’s father was made more ill by the traditional medicines which were used on his father, leading to his father’s death. In 1903 Lu Xun travelled to Japan to study medicine. While in Japan, Lu Xun expanded his vision of medicine past traditional Chinese methods by adopting western techniques. This was not a popular idea at the time because of the Confucian values that were placed on tradition.
After some time in Japan, Lu Xun decided that he was not able to make as much of a difference in the field of medicine as he could in the field of literature. Lu Xun decided that change was to be brought about in China through “spiritual medicine” aka writing.

[[File:A Madman's Diary - Lu Xun.JPG|thumb|A Madman's Diary - Lu Xun]]

While most writers focused on immediate change in the people of China, Lu Xun had different ideas. Lu Xun believed that change was to be gradual, and that it would start by teaching the children.
While studying literature, Lu Xun translated works from Russian, German, and Japanese into Chinese. He felt that these translations would help open the minds of his people to the outside “cures” for their political disempowerment.

Most of Lu Xun’s works were essay type writing when he first began, but after some time his ideas became unpopular, and therefore dangerous to publish so openly.
In 1918, Lu Xun wrote “Diary of a Madman,” a short story which allegorically described the barbarian culture that China had made from tradition. He described the people in his book as cannibalistic, and looking to feed off of each other at every turn. The short story was a hit, and kicked of Lu Xun’s career to new heights. “A Call to Arms” was written 4 years later, and also became an influential force in Chinese Literature.

== Controversy==

Aware of the Communist power in the world at the time, Lu Xun believed that he could best reach his target audience through the communist party. He followed many communist groups but never claimed to be a communist himself. He did have some disagreements with Shanghai Communists which landed him in a life threatening position. Lu Xun wrote under many pen names due to the controversial topics of his writing.

[[File:Shanghai - Lu Xun statue.jpg|thumb|Shanghai - Lu Xun statue]]

== Legacy ==

Lu Xun died in Oct. 19 1936 of tuberculosis, and is still known as China’s most influential Fiction writer.

== Sources ==

Lau, S.M. Joseph, and Goldblatt, ''Howard. The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature'' 2nd Edition. Columbia University Press. New York. Print

Denton, A. Kirk. ''Lu Xun Biography''MCLC Resource Center. 2002. Web http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bios/lxbio.htm

Qian Zhongshu (1910

2012-10-10T06:51:21Z

Reddragon:

[[File:Qian_Zhongshu_1940s.jpg‎|thumb|left]]

<h1>Qian ZhongShu (1910 – 1998)</h1> Although there is a powerpoint, more pictures are needed in the Wiky. Reddragon.

<p><h2>Legacy</h2>
Qian ZhongShu is considered to be one of greatest contemporary Chinese writers of all times, both in China and abroad, for his beautiful prose in writing that shows Chinese tradition, for been so cleaver as to use different languages to convey traditions from all over the world, to show modernism, to educate the readers of events in history not just to the people of China but because of the languages, to the entire world, and for introducing a sense of an international sense of humor or way of thinking to the people of his time 1,900s. He kept readers inform of the current events and make them curious about the rest of the world. Despite the hard times he happened to lived his life in, he never lost his creativity. His work shows a tremendous amount of work, research and recollection of international quotes. It has been translated in German, Ancient Greek, Italian, French, Russian, English, French and Spanish. Zhongshu choice to stay in China, and write in Chinese during the extremely hard times they were going through, proves with no doubt his great nationalism and love for his country.</p>

<p><h2>Early Life</h2>
Qian ZhongShu was born in Wuxi, from a well-educated family in 1910, his father Qian Jibo, was a known Confucius scholar and because of tradition, he sent Zhongshu to study with his uncle. His uncle would take Zhongshu to teahouses where ZhongShu was left alone to read books. It is known that when he was a little child, he was sat on the floor and his uncle offered him a bunch of things like toys, books. ZhongShu then went reaching for the books and that is why his name was to be “ZhongShu” which means, love for books. He also had another name his father gave him while complaining about him of been to talkative, it was “Mocun” which means, to stay in peace or to stay quiet, Zhongshu talkativeness obviously irritated his dad. When he was 10 years old, his uncle died. We know Zhongshu went out with him a lot and was educated by him for 10 years. This event been of such an importance could have impacted him for life. Zhongshu continued living with his widow aunt, even when she was getting poor and his biological family was doing well financially. This shows the level of love and attachment he had for his uncle’s family and how much he loved him. ZhongShu had to return to the strict teachings of his father. ZhongShu would become a “mastered in classical Chinese”. ZhongShu was a young man that, since he was a toddler was educated consistently and directed to developed and follow his Literature inclinations, he was darn good at it. Zhongshu was an accomplished young man, so it does not come as a surprise that he was so confident about his abilities and perhaps arrogant at times. I personally think because he also loved to joke around a lot, he was misunderstood. I can see how people would feel intimidated by him unnecessarily. ZhongShu won awards for his intelligence and abilities in Chinese Literature and English since he was a young child; his love for Literature and Languages was undeniable.
</p>
<h2>Teenage Life</h2>
<h3>1929</h3> ZhongShu was accepted into the Language Department of Tsing-Hua University in South of China. In this school although he failed at mathematics, he was so incredible good in Chinese and English that he was immediately accepted in the Language Department. At school he kept to himself and the students thought he was a stuck up. ZhongShu was always out of class and was always found out at the library reading, and he would tell everyone that he has pretty much read them all. Despite these events, Zhongshu excelled at Tsing-hua.

<h2>Adult Life and World Events</h2>
<h3>1935</h3> Zhongshu meets his match in Tsing-hua university, and accomplish young lady called Yang Jiang, who later will become a famous writer, play writer and translator. Yang Jiang translated “Don Quijote de la Mancha in 1978” and thanks to her, and their famous friend Yang Xianyi; well known translator, poet and recounter in China, who will invite all of the artists and writers of his time to his home, and make parties where everyone could share their work and talk freely; imagine that, what a feast! Wish I could have been a bee in the wall to hear what they were talking about. It is because of them, we are able to know more about the personality of ZhongShu and because of his wife Yang Jiang that we can also have more accurate information of the work of Zhongshu. Zhongshu married Yang Jiang, and he would later said about his wife, that he could not have meet a better woman like her because she was a great lover, mother and friend. It seems than even in his picks for marriage ZhongShu strived for the best. They had a daughter called Qian Yuan. In 1935, ZhongShu won a sponsorship to go Britain. He went to Europe with his wife and attended the Oxford University and the Sobornne, where he continued his studies and earned a “Bachelor of Literature”.

<h3>1937</h3> Shortly after his daughter Qian Yuan was born, they went to Paris and study for one more year.

<h3>1938 -1941</h3> Zhongshu returned to China; he could have taken many jobs abroad but he decided to come back home. Zhongshu taught at different schools. China and the world were going to tremendous amount of horrible and political events of which ZhongShu was well aware of and used it in his writings. In December 13, 1937 Japan invaded and attacked China, Nanking. In Nanking the Japanese brutally raped, killed and robbed Chinese people. This is known also as “The Nanking Massacre” and these atrocities that were committed to the people of China went on for 6 weeks and were followed by the taken of the city of Nanking (Nanjing). Nanjing was the former capital of China. This event is the Second Sino-Japanese War and ended in 1945 with the surrender of Japan; Japan sought for many years to dominate China economically and militarily and wanted their resources and labor. This must have been a huge painful hit to ZhongShu’s heart, because it happened pretty much in his hometown; Nanking is located in the province of Nanjing, north of Beijing and Wuxi is just about an hour from it. United States, Germany and the Soviet Union helped China to fight Japan. During those times, China was also under cruel Communism with Mao Zedong. In his worldly famous novel “Fortress Besieged”, ZhongShu clearly mentions how the main character Fang HungQiang saw the Jews refuges in the ship he was on when he was coming home from Europe.

This reminds us that in 1938 another event of great importance was happening, the Holocaust was in full bloom and that France, a place where Zhongshu had studied would be invaded by Germany in May 10th, 1940. ZhongShu certainly would follow up with Paris news, especially after living and studying there for a full year. In 1938, after his studies in Paris, ZhongShu had come back home. It is during his life that great events happened, and he thought it was important to immortalize them in his novel “Fortress Besieged”. Also on December 7th, 1941, Japanese by surprise, attacked the United States of America waters, Pearl Harbor. Japan was on a mission to conquer, China, the Pacific and Indochina to gain resources like oil and steel that they did not have because been an island they depend on trading to live, and others countries were giving them a hard time in trading, specially the US that was its primary source. The Americans condemned their attacks to the Chinese people in Nanking, for this reason the US had denied them oil making the Japanese military force like airplanes and ships of no use and affecting their economy. The US at this time had the greatest Naval Military Force in the world and Japan did not want the US in the war, so it was important to attack Pearl Harbor to stop us from aiding China. The Japanese though themselves as a superior race in the world, they grew tired of the US interference in their plans. The next day of their attacked to our waters, we declared war to Japan. War World II had began.

<h2>His Works</h2>
<h3>1941-1949</h3>ZhongShu stayed in Shanghai from 1941-45. Shanghai had less communist police and more foreigners were seeing there, so people could not be arrested so easily like in the south part of China, where could be arrested for just talking to a foreigner. Also it was very close to his hometown in Nanjing just hours, which will allow him to keep up with news about it. It was during these troublesome times that ZhongShu wrote the most and was the most prolific writer. ZhongShu decided he was not going to tide himself to any jobs. During this time he became disappointed at his work of Fortress Besieged and though he could write much better. He wrote a novel call “Heart of the Artichoke” that was lost on the mail. Also, a collection of short essays called “Marginalias of Life” published in 1941. Men, Beast and Ghost, was collection of stories that was of satiric nature and was published in 1946. On the Art of Poetry was written in 1948. His most famous one is “Fortress Besieged” that was published in 1947. During this time, ZhongShu was well sought after by Mao Zedong because of his fluently in many languages. Mao Zedong requested that he be part of the group that translated his poems. Whether before or after, his wife and him were accused of not been Marxist enough, so they were sent to be re-educated to the south of China in Henan, to do agricultural work. Only after Mao Zedong’s dead in 1949, ZhongShu translations of his poems would be re-discover again.

<h3>1949</h3> ZhongShu went back to Peking to his Alma Matter at Tsing-hua and taught there for a time, been in the end in charge of the Language department. Mao dies.

<h3>1953</h3> He became the chief editor of the Foreign Languages Division of the National Library in Nanjing. Later he was to become senior researcher in Beijing.

<h3>1979</h3> Zhongshu comes to the United States, awesome! And helps correct his biography and clarifies questions about him.

<h3>1994 -1998</h3> In 1994, Zhongshu enters a hospital ill and would not come out till his death in 1998. His daughter died as well in 1997.

[[File:A9782267004830.jpg|thumb]]<h2>“Fortress Besieged” his famous novel</h2>
It is Zhongshu most celebrated novel in the world, written in prose. The novel was written in 1944 and completed in 1946. It was published in 1947 and turned into a very popular and successful TV series in early 1990s. It is consider a masterpiece. This novel is funny, informative of the world and gives abroad cultural psychological education for anyone that reads it. It unfolded in the 1930s. Also today, it is still a popular novel in China.

It tells us about the story of Fang HungQiang a young man that goes to Europe paid by his future father in law and instead of studying and get a PHD; so important for a dignified Chinese man and his family at that time, Fang just wasted his time by not taking it serious and not finishing his studies. He ended up buying a fake degree to take home to China so his dad and dad in law will not close to kill him for his actions or feel disgrace in front of the town. When he returns he had to endure his family wanted to find him a new bride, since his bride ended dying. The press of his hometown interviewed him and he made a fool of himself at speech. Fang could not do anything right, so he ended up loosing his last love resource, Miss Su as well as Miss Tang, Miss Su’s relative whom Fang falls in love with. Fang ended up becoming very good friends with Chao, Miss Su’s fiancée, whom after finding out Fang is only after Miss Tang and not Miss Su, was relieved, and finally ended up laying down his guard and sarcasm towards Fang. The second part Fang takes a job at a university that was a pain to work for, and goes on a trip to Hunan with his coworkers from Shanghai. This part its funny moments as well.

Among them was Miss Sun that likes to portrait herself as innocent girl. The last part is about his bad marriage that started as joke and out resignation for not been alone, and how his wife ended up leaving him. Zhongshu shows such a command of the portraying of each character and using innuendos like the character’s name call “Alec Li” whom was a true smart-aleck, then using this adjective to name his character. Or the part where the ladies call Miss Pao “truth” because her skimpy clothing, and “the truth is naked”, but later they have to changed her name to “half truth” because Miss Pao after all, was not completely without a stich on, so funny. All of these make this novel truly enjoyable.

In this novel, Zhongshu made up a name for the fake university where Fang gets his PHD, it was named “Carleton”. Today this name is use as a symbol of sarcasm to joke around and indicate that a graduate person might has bought their degree at a made up university instead of have earned it. Its title “Fortress Besieged” is based on a French proverb that says, “Marriage is like a fortress besieged, those who are outside want to get in, but those who are inside want to get out of it. Personally I think, this title chosen by Zhongshu could possibly show his point of views of the time. That is Chinese citizens wanted so desperately to leave China for a fantasy perfect world, but once they were out, they will quickly realized how also the world is not without its great troubles, and they would want to come back home, where they can at least call it their own. In this novel Zhongshu married China with the rest of the world!

<h1>Disclaimer</h1>
My name is [Erica Bazalar-Oaks]http://www.bazalar.com, senior student at UVU Utah Valley University. I tried always to give the most accurate information in all of my works. Although this analyzes has been carefully made with extensive research, it is advice that you always double-check your sources in all your works. I hope my analyzes helps others to better understand this incredible author, the times he lived in and consequently his amazing work and contributing to the world. Erica.

<h1>Sources</h1>
1- Book. The Facts on File Companion to the World Novel: 1900 to the Present
By Michael Sollars, Arbolina Llamas Jennings.
ISSN 978-0-8160-6233

2- Book. Studies in Literature and Language
Vol. 1, No. 2, 2010, pp. 70-83
ISSN 1923-1555
70
A Study on Qian Zhongshu’s Translation:
Sublimation in Translation
ZHENG Xiao-dan1

3- Discussion Papers Series. Professor and Director of the Institute of Jewish Studies at Nanjing University, the People’s Republic of China. http://www.un.org/en/holocaustremembrance/docs/paper2.shtml

4- Genocide of the 20th Century
http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/holocaust.htm

5- China Heritage Quaterly (great source)
http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/index.php

6- The China Beat
http://www.thechinabeat.org/?tag=qian-zhongshu

7- The Holocaust and World War II
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007653

8- The Devil pays a nighttime visit to Mr. Qian Zhongshu
by Jeremy Goldkorn on November 25, 2011. http://www.danwei.com/the-devil-pays-a-nighttime-visit-to-mr-qian-zhongshu/

9. Distance from Nanking to Wuxi.
http://www.distancefromto.net/between/Nanjing/Wuxi

<h1>Photos</h1>
1. http://www.danwei.com<br />
2. http://www.dushu.com<br />
3. http://www.notodo.com<br />
4. http://www.librairielephenix.fr/livres/la-forteresse-assiegee-9782267004830.html<br />
5. http://www.for68.com<br />
6. http://www.chinaquarterly.org<br />
7. http://en.wikipedia.org<br />
8. http://www.jnmba.org/about.aspx?NID=6811<br />
9. http://www.chinatourism.ch<br />
10 http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk<br />

Qian Zhongshu (1910

2012-10-10T06:51:03Z

Reddragon:

[[File:Qian_Zhongshu_1940s.jpg‎|thumb|left]]

<h1>Qian ZhongShu (1910 – 1998)</h1> Although there is a powerpoint, more pictures are needed in the Wiky.

<p><h2>Legacy</h2>
Qian ZhongShu is considered to be one of greatest contemporary Chinese writers of all times, both in China and abroad, for his beautiful prose in writing that shows Chinese tradition, for been so cleaver as to use different languages to convey traditions from all over the world, to show modernism, to educate the readers of events in history not just to the people of China but because of the languages, to the entire world, and for introducing a sense of an international sense of humor or way of thinking to the people of his time 1,900s. He kept readers inform of the current events and make them curious about the rest of the world. Despite the hard times he happened to lived his life in, he never lost his creativity. His work shows a tremendous amount of work, research and recollection of international quotes. It has been translated in German, Ancient Greek, Italian, French, Russian, English, French and Spanish. Zhongshu choice to stay in China, and write in Chinese during the extremely hard times they were going through, proves with no doubt his great nationalism and love for his country.</p>

<p><h2>Early Life</h2>
Qian ZhongShu was born in Wuxi, from a well-educated family in 1910, his father Qian Jibo, was a known Confucius scholar and because of tradition, he sent Zhongshu to study with his uncle. His uncle would take Zhongshu to teahouses where ZhongShu was left alone to read books. It is known that when he was a little child, he was sat on the floor and his uncle offered him a bunch of things like toys, books. ZhongShu then went reaching for the books and that is why his name was to be “ZhongShu” which means, love for books. He also had another name his father gave him while complaining about him of been to talkative, it was “Mocun” which means, to stay in peace or to stay quiet, Zhongshu talkativeness obviously irritated his dad. When he was 10 years old, his uncle died. We know Zhongshu went out with him a lot and was educated by him for 10 years. This event been of such an importance could have impacted him for life. Zhongshu continued living with his widow aunt, even when she was getting poor and his biological family was doing well financially. This shows the level of love and attachment he had for his uncle’s family and how much he loved him. ZhongShu had to return to the strict teachings of his father. ZhongShu would become a “mastered in classical Chinese”. ZhongShu was a young man that, since he was a toddler was educated consistently and directed to developed and follow his Literature inclinations, he was darn good at it. Zhongshu was an accomplished young man, so it does not come as a surprise that he was so confident about his abilities and perhaps arrogant at times. I personally think because he also loved to joke around a lot, he was misunderstood. I can see how people would feel intimidated by him unnecessarily. ZhongShu won awards for his intelligence and abilities in Chinese Literature and English since he was a young child; his love for Literature and Languages was undeniable.
</p>
<h2>Teenage Life</h2>
<h3>1929</h3> ZhongShu was accepted into the Language Department of Tsing-Hua University in South of China. In this school although he failed at mathematics, he was so incredible good in Chinese and English that he was immediately accepted in the Language Department. At school he kept to himself and the students thought he was a stuck up. ZhongShu was always out of class and was always found out at the library reading, and he would tell everyone that he has pretty much read them all. Despite these events, Zhongshu excelled at Tsing-hua.

<h2>Adult Life and World Events</h2>
<h3>1935</h3> Zhongshu meets his match in Tsing-hua university, and accomplish young lady called Yang Jiang, who later will become a famous writer, play writer and translator. Yang Jiang translated “Don Quijote de la Mancha in 1978” and thanks to her, and their famous friend Yang Xianyi; well known translator, poet and recounter in China, who will invite all of the artists and writers of his time to his home, and make parties where everyone could share their work and talk freely; imagine that, what a feast! Wish I could have been a bee in the wall to hear what they were talking about. It is because of them, we are able to know more about the personality of ZhongShu and because of his wife Yang Jiang that we can also have more accurate information of the work of Zhongshu. Zhongshu married Yang Jiang, and he would later said about his wife, that he could not have meet a better woman like her because she was a great lover, mother and friend. It seems than even in his picks for marriage ZhongShu strived for the best. They had a daughter called Qian Yuan. In 1935, ZhongShu won a sponsorship to go Britain. He went to Europe with his wife and attended the Oxford University and the Sobornne, where he continued his studies and earned a “Bachelor of Literature”.

<h3>1937</h3> Shortly after his daughter Qian Yuan was born, they went to Paris and study for one more year.

<h3>1938 -1941</h3> Zhongshu returned to China; he could have taken many jobs abroad but he decided to come back home. Zhongshu taught at different schools. China and the world were going to tremendous amount of horrible and political events of which ZhongShu was well aware of and used it in his writings. In December 13, 1937 Japan invaded and attacked China, Nanking. In Nanking the Japanese brutally raped, killed and robbed Chinese people. This is known also as “The Nanking Massacre” and these atrocities that were committed to the people of China went on for 6 weeks and were followed by the taken of the city of Nanking (Nanjing). Nanjing was the former capital of China. This event is the Second Sino-Japanese War and ended in 1945 with the surrender of Japan; Japan sought for many years to dominate China economically and militarily and wanted their resources and labor. This must have been a huge painful hit to ZhongShu’s heart, because it happened pretty much in his hometown; Nanking is located in the province of Nanjing, north of Beijing and Wuxi is just about an hour from it. United States, Germany and the Soviet Union helped China to fight Japan. During those times, China was also under cruel Communism with Mao Zedong. In his worldly famous novel “Fortress Besieged”, ZhongShu clearly mentions how the main character Fang HungQiang saw the Jews refuges in the ship he was on when he was coming home from Europe.

This reminds us that in 1938 another event of great importance was happening, the Holocaust was in full bloom and that France, a place where Zhongshu had studied would be invaded by Germany in May 10th, 1940. ZhongShu certainly would follow up with Paris news, especially after living and studying there for a full year. In 1938, after his studies in Paris, ZhongShu had come back home. It is during his life that great events happened, and he thought it was important to immortalize them in his novel “Fortress Besieged”. Also on December 7th, 1941, Japanese by surprise, attacked the United States of America waters, Pearl Harbor. Japan was on a mission to conquer, China, the Pacific and Indochina to gain resources like oil and steel that they did not have because been an island they depend on trading to live, and others countries were giving them a hard time in trading, specially the US that was its primary source. The Americans condemned their attacks to the Chinese people in Nanking, for this reason the US had denied them oil making the Japanese military force like airplanes and ships of no use and affecting their economy. The US at this time had the greatest Naval Military Force in the world and Japan did not want the US in the war, so it was important to attack Pearl Harbor to stop us from aiding China. The Japanese though themselves as a superior race in the world, they grew tired of the US interference in their plans. The next day of their attacked to our waters, we declared war to Japan. War World II had began.

<h2>His Works</h2>
<h3>1941-1949</h3>ZhongShu stayed in Shanghai from 1941-45. Shanghai had less communist police and more foreigners were seeing there, so people could not be arrested so easily like in the south part of China, where could be arrested for just talking to a foreigner. Also it was very close to his hometown in Nanjing just hours, which will allow him to keep up with news about it. It was during these troublesome times that ZhongShu wrote the most and was the most prolific writer. ZhongShu decided he was not going to tide himself to any jobs. During this time he became disappointed at his work of Fortress Besieged and though he could write much better. He wrote a novel call “Heart of the Artichoke” that was lost on the mail. Also, a collection of short essays called “Marginalias of Life” published in 1941. Men, Beast and Ghost, was collection of stories that was of satiric nature and was published in 1946. On the Art of Poetry was written in 1948. His most famous one is “Fortress Besieged” that was published in 1947. During this time, ZhongShu was well sought after by Mao Zedong because of his fluently in many languages. Mao Zedong requested that he be part of the group that translated his poems. Whether before or after, his wife and him were accused of not been Marxist enough, so they were sent to be re-educated to the south of China in Henan, to do agricultural work. Only after Mao Zedong’s dead in 1949, ZhongShu translations of his poems would be re-discover again.

<h3>1949</h3> ZhongShu went back to Peking to his Alma Matter at Tsing-hua and taught there for a time, been in the end in charge of the Language department. Mao dies.

<h3>1953</h3> He became the chief editor of the Foreign Languages Division of the National Library in Nanjing. Later he was to become senior researcher in Beijing.

<h3>1979</h3> Zhongshu comes to the United States, awesome! And helps correct his biography and clarifies questions about him.

<h3>1994 -1998</h3> In 1994, Zhongshu enters a hospital ill and would not come out till his death in 1998. His daughter died as well in 1997.

[[File:A9782267004830.jpg|thumb]]<h2>“Fortress Besieged” his famous novel</h2>
It is Zhongshu most celebrated novel in the world, written in prose. The novel was written in 1944 and completed in 1946. It was published in 1947 and turned into a very popular and successful TV series in early 1990s. It is consider a masterpiece. This novel is funny, informative of the world and gives abroad cultural psychological education for anyone that reads it. It unfolded in the 1930s. Also today, it is still a popular novel in China.

It tells us about the story of Fang HungQiang a young man that goes to Europe paid by his future father in law and instead of studying and get a PHD; so important for a dignified Chinese man and his family at that time, Fang just wasted his time by not taking it serious and not finishing his studies. He ended up buying a fake degree to take home to China so his dad and dad in law will not close to kill him for his actions or feel disgrace in front of the town. When he returns he had to endure his family wanted to find him a new bride, since his bride ended dying. The press of his hometown interviewed him and he made a fool of himself at speech. Fang could not do anything right, so he ended up loosing his last love resource, Miss Su as well as Miss Tang, Miss Su’s relative whom Fang falls in love with. Fang ended up becoming very good friends with Chao, Miss Su’s fiancée, whom after finding out Fang is only after Miss Tang and not Miss Su, was relieved, and finally ended up laying down his guard and sarcasm towards Fang. The second part Fang takes a job at a university that was a pain to work for, and goes on a trip to Hunan with his coworkers from Shanghai. This part its funny moments as well.

Among them was Miss Sun that likes to portrait herself as innocent girl. The last part is about his bad marriage that started as joke and out resignation for not been alone, and how his wife ended up leaving him. Zhongshu shows such a command of the portraying of each character and using innuendos like the character’s name call “Alec Li” whom was a true smart-aleck, then using this adjective to name his character. Or the part where the ladies call Miss Pao “truth” because her skimpy clothing, and “the truth is naked”, but later they have to changed her name to “half truth” because Miss Pao after all, was not completely without a stich on, so funny. All of these make this novel truly enjoyable.

In this novel, Zhongshu made up a name for the fake university where Fang gets his PHD, it was named “Carleton”. Today this name is use as a symbol of sarcasm to joke around and indicate that a graduate person might has bought their degree at a made up university instead of have earned it. Its title “Fortress Besieged” is based on a French proverb that says, “Marriage is like a fortress besieged, those who are outside want to get in, but those who are inside want to get out of it. Personally I think, this title chosen by Zhongshu could possibly show his point of views of the time. That is Chinese citizens wanted so desperately to leave China for a fantasy perfect world, but once they were out, they will quickly realized how also the world is not without its great troubles, and they would want to come back home, where they can at least call it their own. In this novel Zhongshu married China with the rest of the world!

<h1>Disclaimer</h1>
My name is [Erica Bazalar-Oaks]http://www.bazalar.com, senior student at UVU Utah Valley University. I tried always to give the most accurate information in all of my works. Although this analyzes has been carefully made with extensive research, it is advice that you always double-check your sources in all your works. I hope my analyzes helps others to better understand this incredible author, the times he lived in and consequently his amazing work and contributing to the world. Erica.

<h1>Sources</h1>
1- Book. The Facts on File Companion to the World Novel: 1900 to the Present
By Michael Sollars, Arbolina Llamas Jennings.
ISSN 978-0-8160-6233

2- Book. Studies in Literature and Language
Vol. 1, No. 2, 2010, pp. 70-83
ISSN 1923-1555
70
A Study on Qian Zhongshu’s Translation:
Sublimation in Translation
ZHENG Xiao-dan1

3- Discussion Papers Series. Professor and Director of the Institute of Jewish Studies at Nanjing University, the People’s Republic of China. http://www.un.org/en/holocaustremembrance/docs/paper2.shtml

4- Genocide of the 20th Century
http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/holocaust.htm

5- China Heritage Quaterly (great source)
http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/index.php

6- The China Beat
http://www.thechinabeat.org/?tag=qian-zhongshu

7- The Holocaust and World War II
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007653

8- The Devil pays a nighttime visit to Mr. Qian Zhongshu
by Jeremy Goldkorn on November 25, 2011. http://www.danwei.com/the-devil-pays-a-nighttime-visit-to-mr-qian-zhongshu/

9. Distance from Nanking to Wuxi.
http://www.distancefromto.net/between/Nanjing/Wuxi

<h1>Photos</h1>
1. http://www.danwei.com<br />
2. http://www.dushu.com<br />
3. http://www.notodo.com<br />
4. http://www.librairielephenix.fr/livres/la-forteresse-assiegee-9782267004830.html<br />
5. http://www.for68.com<br />
6. http://www.chinaquarterly.org<br />
7. http://en.wikipedia.org<br />
8. http://www.jnmba.org/about.aspx?NID=6811<br />
9. http://www.chinatourism.ch<br />
10 http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk<br />

Lu Xun (1881-1936)

2012-10-10T06:48:52Z

Reddragon: /* Childhood */

'''Lu Xun'''

[[File:Lu_Xun_1936.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Lu Xun smoking as always. Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lu_Xun_1936.jpg here] for original source]]
[[User:Kai|Kai]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

== Childhood == I though this presentation needed more preparation. I would have like to know more about the author.

Zhou Shuren, later known as Lu Xun (his pen name) was born September 25, 1881. In his youth, Lu Xun lived comfortably in Peking Beijing with his family, including his grandfather [a high ranking government official]. Matters for Lu Xun and his family took a turn for the worst when grandfather become chronically ill and needed expensive medication. In addition to illness and loss of wealth, Lu Xun's grandfather was accused of bribery and incarcerated for seven years. Once a year, Lu Xun's family was required to send money to The Ministry of Punishment to prevent his grandfather from being put to death. While in the process of being accused of bribery, Lu Xun’s grandfather became a victim to a government which encouraged it. This is where many of Lu Xun’s frustration against the governmental workings of China began.

== Motivations ==

Medicine was a special interest of Lu Xun. Partnered with the sickness of both his father and of his grandfather, and his desire to heal people, Lu Xun began to study medicine. Lu Xun’s father was made more ill by the traditional medicines which were used on his father, leading to his father’s death. In 1903 Lu Xun travelled to Japan to study medicine. While in Japan, Lu Xun expanded his vision of medicine past traditional Chinese methods by adopting western techniques. This was not a popular idea at the time because of the Confucian values that were placed on tradition.
After some time in Japan, Lu Xun decided that he was not able to make as much of a difference in the field of medicine as he could in the field of literature. Lu Xun decided that change was to be brought about in China through “spiritual medicine” aka writing.

[[File:A Madman's Diary - Lu Xun.JPG|thumb|A Madman's Diary - Lu Xun]]

While most writers focused on immediate change in the people of China, Lu Xun had different ideas. Lu Xun believed that change was to be gradual, and that it would start by teaching the children.
While studying literature, Lu Xun translated works from Russian, German, and Japanese into Chinese. He felt that these translations would help open the minds of his people to the outside “cures” for their political disempowerment.

Most of Lu Xun’s works were essay type writing when he first began, but after some time his ideas became unpopular, and therefore dangerous to publish so openly.
In 1918, Lu Xun wrote “Diary of a Madman,” a short story which allegorically described the barbarian culture that China had made from tradition. He described the people in his book as cannibalistic, and looking to feed off of each other at every turn. The short story was a hit, and kicked of Lu Xun’s career to new heights. “A Call to Arms” was written 4 years later, and also became an influential force in Chinese Literature.

== Controversy==

Aware of the Communist power in the world at the time, Lu Xun believed that he could best reach his target audience through the communist party. He followed many communist groups but never claimed to be a communist himself. He did have some disagreements with Shanghai Communists which landed him in a life threatening position. Lu Xun wrote under many pen names due to the controversial topics of his writing.

[[File:Shanghai - Lu Xun statue.jpg|thumb|Shanghai - Lu Xun statue]]

== Legacy ==

Lu Xun died in Oct. 19 1936 of tuberculosis, and is still known as China’s most influential Fiction writer.

== Sources ==

Lau, S.M. Joseph, and Goldblatt, ''Howard. The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature'' 2nd Edition. Columbia University Press. New York. Print

Denton, A. Kirk. ''Lu Xun Biography''MCLC Resource Center. 2002. Web http://mclc.osu.edu/rc/bios/lxbio.htm

Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)

2012-10-10T06:45:02Z

Reddragon:

Guo Moruo [[User:10532401|10532401]] 01:39, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

[[File:Guo Moruo.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Guo Moruo Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guo_Moruo.jpg here] for original source ]]

Guo Moruo [[User:Root|Root]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

{{Template:Guo}}

== Childhood == I enjoyed your presentation and I thought it was well prepared. Reddragon

The son of a wealthy merchant, Guo had five older siblings three of which died before he was born, his mother had another three after him giving her a total of six living brothers and sisters (two older four younger). Guo was born with the name Guo Kaizhen but was called Guo Wenbao ('Cultivated Leopard')during his childhood and Guo Moruo from his teens to his old age.
Due to his parents rural location the young children could not travel the long distance to school. Guo's parent hired a private tutor and they were taught many classical Chinese works. With a focus on Confucian morals. When in the fall of 1903 a number of public schools were established in Sichuan's capital, Chengdu, the Guo children started going there to study.
At the age of ten his parents had already arranged his first marriage. Regretfully the young girl died when Guo was fourteen.
After passing competitive examinations, in early 1906 Guo Moruo started attending the new upper-level primary school in Jiading. It was a boarding school located in a former Buddhist temple and the boy lived on premises. He went on to a middle school in 1907, acquiring by this time the reputation of an academically gifted student but a troublemaker. Guo Moruo early manifested a stormy, unbridled temperament. His peers respected him and often elected him a delegate to represent their interests in front of the school administration. Often spearheading student-faculty conflicts, he was expelled and reinstated a few times, and finally expelled permanently in October 1909.
Guo was glad to be expelled, as he could now live ninety miles away attending a new school in Chengdu.
One major reason behind his rebellion, of course was that he had been influenced by modern western concepts of love, romance, and individuality and could hardly sacrifice himself completely for lijiao norms.

In October 1911 Guo was surprised to learn of his own engagement through a letter his parents had written to his cousin. Guo's parents had made their decision based on what was best for the two families. Zhang Jinghua Guo's future wife was described by his aunt as, "having good looks", "was going to school" and had the modern unbound feet. Guo went along with his family's wishes keeping Chinese tradition, marrying his appointed bride sight-unseen in Shawan in March 1912 at the age of nineteen. Immediately, he regretted this marriage, and five days after the marriage, he left his ancestral home and returned to Chengdu, leaving his wife behind. He never formally divorced her, but apparently never lived with her either. Years later in a autobiography written in 1929, he mentioned that his agreement to the marriage was the thing that he had "repented the most" in his life.

[[File:Running_script_of_Guo_Moruo.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Guo Moruo Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Running_script_of_Guo_Moruo.jpg here] for original source ]]

== Motivations ==

Guo left Chengdu for Tianjin in September 1913 to attend the medical collage. Medicine was for financial purposes his best bet for schooling. Guo Moruo's brother had already arranged for him to work as a doctor in a hospital that belonged to a local red cross in Sichuan. The hospital had already promised him the position and a handsome pay to work for them after his schooling. Guo arrived at the medical collage in Tianjin only to find that it did not meet his expectations. Guo couldn't return home to his extremely disappointed family, and wife who he didn't love. Guo decided to stay with his brother for a time until his brother funded six months of schooling in japan with the idea that Guo would qualify for scholarships to remain there. Guo jumped at the chance to study in Japan, he had dreamed about going and the idea made him very excited. He attends the Medical School of Kyushu Imperial Univeristy at Fukuoka, Japan. During Guo's time in japan he meets his wife Sato Tomiko. Tomiko is studding to be a nurse when they meet through a friend of Guo who happens to be staying at Tomiko's hospital for treatment of tuberculosis. Guo's relationship with Tomiko brings him the love and romance that he had long desired. However, is also causes him tremendous guilt and suffering and an strong sense of guilt. His relationship with Tamiko brought him great dishonor in the eyes of his family. Guo's parents disown him for several years. They finally reach out calling his new wife Tomiko a "concubine" making Guo very upset.

In april 1923 Guo eventually leaves Medical School in Japan to pursue his love of writing. He returns to China to work for company named Tai Dong where he publishes a large part of his work. During his time here he is treated like an like a animal begging for money to support his family. Guo only stayed because Tai Dong was one of the only publishers willing to print Guo's kind of political writing. Guo and Tomiko become tired of not having the necessities for their family and decide to return to Japan so Guo can finished his degree, living comfortably on scholarships.

True love, emancipation for the individual, freeing china, were the largest motivations discussed in the novel "From the may fourth movement to Communist Revolution" by Xiaoming Chen. Guo was a hopeless romantic stuck in the quagmire of Confucian orientaional order of xiushen. Wm. Theodore DeBary describes the main difference between Confucian Personalism and the Western individualism as follows. Western individualism is unique in that is sees the induvidual "as fulfilling [our self] through the social process and in a moral and spiritual communion with others" and "does not set the individual over against state of society" Confucian Personalism has a strong focus on the fulfilling one's spiritual/moral needs through family, state, and the world. Confucian ideals consist of the following, morally cultivation the self, regulating the family, managing the state, and harmonizing the world. The Confucian ideologies sound good but when a families ancient Confucian traditions of arranged marriage hinder your more modern belief in love, such was the case of Moruo.

Guo Moruo translated works from Russian, German, and Japanese into Chinese. The numerous translations of the works of Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller, Ivan Turgenev, Tolstoy, Upton Sinclair, and other Western authors gave him a unique perspective of the modern western ideals.

== Controversy==

During the 1920's Guo turned to Communism although he didn't officially join the Communist Party until 1927. Guo rides the Communist Party focusing on the Marxist belief that the emancipation of the individual is possible through the complete destruction of capitalist society. He also uses the Communist party as a catalyst for combining Western Modernity and age old Chinese traditions. Guo's desire to free the Chinese from improper ideals began with several movements. Some of the movements Guo started and participated in are as follows, May Fourth (period), Nanchang Uprising, anti-Japanese resistance, and his own Creation Society. Guo is fixated on the fundamental question of whether the Chinese people should rely upon traditional or modern Western thinking for their value system and ideological guidance in a collision between the modern West and their traditional society.

Guo studies the Marxist Cosmopolitanist Ideal and see's resemblance to his view of a free china. He writes a letter to Cheng Fangwu in August 1924, Guo describes with great longing and admiration his newly founded Marxist communist ideal, He tells his friend that in the cosmopolitanist society of Marxist communism "there will no longer be an classes" and material wealth will be "evenly distributed." People "will have no more worries and suffering in their life other than those caused by natural and physical factors." "Each" in that society "will work according to his ability, and each will take what he needs." "All people will be able to develop themselves according to their talents, all people will be able to devote themselves to truth so that they will make contributions[to society] and all people will be extricated."

Sadly the Communist ideals in modern China are not the same kind that Guo believed in. The modern Chinese have perverted the teachings of Guo for their gain. Guo could not predict that the same warlords in his day would embrace and take over communist rule. The idea of communism is pure and good but the implementation of it is virtually impossible.

Wikipedia states the following about Guo's family,"Guo had five children (four sons and a daughter) with Sato Tomiko and six with Yu Liqun (four sons and two daughters)." Who is Yu Liqun? In my research I couldn't find where she came from.

In both of my sources there is literally one line designated to the "Creation Society" which he founded, what did it do? What was it for? Why is there so little about this seemingly important society.

[[File:Shanghai - Guo Moruo statue.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Shanghai - Guo Moruo statue]]

== Legacy ==

As a writer, Guo was enormously prolific in every genre. Besides his poetry and fiction, his works include plays, nine autobiographical volumes.

Guo was probably the most influential Chinese intellectual in battle against the Confucian Family and lijiao society on the issue of arranged marriage.

Guo held many important positions in the People’s Republic of China, including the presidency of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He co-founded the Creation Society in Shanghai, which promoted modern and vernacular literature.

Guo Moruo served as a prominent government official from 1949 until his death on 12 June 1978 (aged 85).

== Sources ==

Xiaoming Chen. ''From the May Fourth Movement to Communist Revolution'' Albany:State University of New York Press,2007.

Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 10/5/12 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo>

Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)

2012-10-10T06:44:10Z

Reddragon: /* Childhood */

Guo Moruo [[User:10532401|10532401]] 01:39, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

[[File:Guo Moruo.jpg|400px|thumb|left|Guo Moruo Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guo_Moruo.jpg here] for original source ]]

Guo Moruo [[User:Root|Root]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC)

{{Template:Guo}}

== Childhood == I enjoyed your presentation and I thought it was well prepared

The son of a wealthy merchant, Guo had five older siblings three of which died before he was born, his mother had another three after him giving her a total of six living brothers and sisters (two older four younger). Guo was born with the name Guo Kaizhen but was called Guo Wenbao ('Cultivated Leopard')during his childhood and Guo Moruo from his teens to his old age.
Due to his parents rural location the young children could not travel the long distance to school. Guo's parent hired a private tutor and they were taught many classical Chinese works. With a focus on Confucian morals. When in the fall of 1903 a number of public schools were established in Sichuan's capital, Chengdu, the Guo children started going there to study.
At the age of ten his parents had already arranged his first marriage. Regretfully the young girl died when Guo was fourteen.
After passing competitive examinations, in early 1906 Guo Moruo started attending the new upper-level primary school in Jiading. It was a boarding school located in a former Buddhist temple and the boy lived on premises. He went on to a middle school in 1907, acquiring by this time the reputation of an academically gifted student but a troublemaker. Guo Moruo early manifested a stormy, unbridled temperament. His peers respected him and often elected him a delegate to represent their interests in front of the school administration. Often spearheading student-faculty conflicts, he was expelled and reinstated a few times, and finally expelled permanently in October 1909.
Guo was glad to be expelled, as he could now live ninety miles away attending a new school in Chengdu.
One major reason behind his rebellion, of course was that he had been influenced by modern western concepts of love, romance, and individuality and could hardly sacrifice himself completely for lijiao norms.

In October 1911 Guo was surprised to learn of his own engagement through a letter his parents had written to his cousin. Guo's parents had made their decision based on what was best for the two families. Zhang Jinghua Guo's future wife was described by his aunt as, "having good looks", "was going to school" and had the modern unbound feet. Guo went along with his family's wishes keeping Chinese tradition, marrying his appointed bride sight-unseen in Shawan in March 1912 at the age of nineteen. Immediately, he regretted this marriage, and five days after the marriage, he left his ancestral home and returned to Chengdu, leaving his wife behind. He never formally divorced her, but apparently never lived with her either. Years later in a autobiography written in 1929, he mentioned that his agreement to the marriage was the thing that he had "repented the most" in his life.

[[File:Running_script_of_Guo_Moruo.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Guo Moruo Click [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Running_script_of_Guo_Moruo.jpg here] for original source ]]

== Motivations ==

Guo left Chengdu for Tianjin in September 1913 to attend the medical collage. Medicine was for financial purposes his best bet for schooling. Guo Moruo's brother had already arranged for him to work as a doctor in a hospital that belonged to a local red cross in Sichuan. The hospital had already promised him the position and a handsome pay to work for them after his schooling. Guo arrived at the medical collage in Tianjin only to find that it did not meet his expectations. Guo couldn't return home to his extremely disappointed family, and wife who he didn't love. Guo decided to stay with his brother for a time until his brother funded six months of schooling in japan with the idea that Guo would qualify for scholarships to remain there. Guo jumped at the chance to study in Japan, he had dreamed about going and the idea made him very excited. He attends the Medical School of Kyushu Imperial Univeristy at Fukuoka, Japan. During Guo's time in japan he meets his wife Sato Tomiko. Tomiko is studding to be a nurse when they meet through a friend of Guo who happens to be staying at Tomiko's hospital for treatment of tuberculosis. Guo's relationship with Tomiko brings him the love and romance that he had long desired. However, is also causes him tremendous guilt and suffering and an strong sense of guilt. His relationship with Tamiko brought him great dishonor in the eyes of his family. Guo's parents disown him for several years. They finally reach out calling his new wife Tomiko a "concubine" making Guo very upset.

In april 1923 Guo eventually leaves Medical School in Japan to pursue his love of writing. He returns to China to work for company named Tai Dong where he publishes a large part of his work. During his time here he is treated like an like a animal begging for money to support his family. Guo only stayed because Tai Dong was one of the only publishers willing to print Guo's kind of political writing. Guo and Tomiko become tired of not having the necessities for their family and decide to return to Japan so Guo can finished his degree, living comfortably on scholarships.

True love, emancipation for the individual, freeing china, were the largest motivations discussed in the novel "From the may fourth movement to Communist Revolution" by Xiaoming Chen. Guo was a hopeless romantic stuck in the quagmire of Confucian orientaional order of xiushen. Wm. Theodore DeBary describes the main difference between Confucian Personalism and the Western individualism as follows. Western individualism is unique in that is sees the induvidual "as fulfilling [our self] through the social process and in a moral and spiritual communion with others" and "does not set the individual over against state of society" Confucian Personalism has a strong focus on the fulfilling one's spiritual/moral needs through family, state, and the world. Confucian ideals consist of the following, morally cultivation the self, regulating the family, managing the state, and harmonizing the world. The Confucian ideologies sound good but when a families ancient Confucian traditions of arranged marriage hinder your more modern belief in love, such was the case of Moruo.

Guo Moruo translated works from Russian, German, and Japanese into Chinese. The numerous translations of the works of Goethe, Friedrich von Schiller, Ivan Turgenev, Tolstoy, Upton Sinclair, and other Western authors gave him a unique perspective of the modern western ideals.

== Controversy==

During the 1920's Guo turned to Communism although he didn't officially join the Communist Party until 1927. Guo rides the Communist Party focusing on the Marxist belief that the emancipation of the individual is possible through the complete destruction of capitalist society. He also uses the Communist party as a catalyst for combining Western Modernity and age old Chinese traditions. Guo's desire to free the Chinese from improper ideals began with several movements. Some of the movements Guo started and participated in are as follows, May Fourth (period), Nanchang Uprising, anti-Japanese resistance, and his own Creation Society. Guo is fixated on the fundamental question of whether the Chinese people should rely upon traditional or modern Western thinking for their value system and ideological guidance in a collision between the modern West and their traditional society.

Guo studies the Marxist Cosmopolitanist Ideal and see's resemblance to his view of a free china. He writes a letter to Cheng Fangwu in August 1924, Guo describes with great longing and admiration his newly founded Marxist communist ideal, He tells his friend that in the cosmopolitanist society of Marxist communism "there will no longer be an classes" and material wealth will be "evenly distributed." People "will have no more worries and suffering in their life other than those caused by natural and physical factors." "Each" in that society "will work according to his ability, and each will take what he needs." "All people will be able to develop themselves according to their talents, all people will be able to devote themselves to truth so that they will make contributions[to society] and all people will be extricated."

Sadly the Communist ideals in modern China are not the same kind that Guo believed in. The modern Chinese have perverted the teachings of Guo for their gain. Guo could not predict that the same warlords in his day would embrace and take over communist rule. The idea of communism is pure and good but the implementation of it is virtually impossible.

Wikipedia states the following about Guo's family,"Guo had five children (four sons and a daughter) with Sato Tomiko and six with Yu Liqun (four sons and two daughters)." Who is Yu Liqun? In my research I couldn't find where she came from.

In both of my sources there is literally one line designated to the "Creation Society" which he founded, what did it do? What was it for? Why is there so little about this seemingly important society.

[[File:Shanghai - Guo Moruo statue.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Shanghai - Guo Moruo statue]]

== Legacy ==

As a writer, Guo was enormously prolific in every genre. Besides his poetry and fiction, his works include plays, nine autobiographical volumes.

Guo was probably the most influential Chinese intellectual in battle against the Confucian Family and lijiao society on the issue of arranged marriage.

Guo held many important positions in the People’s Republic of China, including the presidency of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He co-founded the Creation Society in Shanghai, which promoted modern and vernacular literature.

Guo Moruo served as a prominent government official from 1949 until his death on 12 June 1978 (aged 85).

== Sources ==

Xiaoming Chen. ''From the May Fourth Movement to Communist Revolution'' Albany:State University of New York Press,2007.

Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 10/5/12 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo>

User:Mattstrock

2012-10-10T06:38:51Z

Reddragon: Created page with 'v'