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Shen Yanbing

2016-07-26T08:38:17Z

Sunshine:

'''Mao Dun''' (4 July 1896 – 27 March 1981) was the pen name of '''Shen Dehong''' ('''Shen Yanbing'''), a 20th-century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and the Minister of Culture of [[People's Republic of China]] (1949–65). He is one of the most celebrated left-wing realist novelists of modern China. His most famous works are ''Ziye'', a novel depicting life in cosmopolitan Shanghai, and ''Spring Silkworms''. He also wrote many short stories.

He adopted "Mao Dun" (Chinese:矛盾), meaning "contradiction", as his pen name to express the tension in the conflicting revolutionary ideology in China in the unstable 1920s. His friend [[Ye Shengtao]] changed the first character from 矛 to 茅, which literally means "thatch".

==Early life==
His father, Shen Yongxi (Chinese: 沈永錫) taught and designed the curriculum for his son, but he died when Mao Dun was ten. Mao Dun's mother Chen Aizhu (Chinese: 陳愛珠) then became his teacher. He mentions in his memoirs that "my first instructor is my mother". Through learning from his parents, Mao Dun developed great interest in writing during his childhood.

Mao Dun had already started to develop his writing skills when he was still in primary school. In one examination the examiner commented on Mao Dun's script: '12 year old young child, can make this language, not says motherland nobody'. There were other similar comments which indicate that Mao Dun had been a brilliant writer since his youth.

While Mao Dun was studying in secondary school in Hangzhou, extensive reading and strict writing skills training filled his life. He read the ''Wen Xuan'', ''Shishuo Xinyu'', and a large number of classical novels, which influenced his writing style.

Mao Dun entered the three-year foundation school offered by Peking University in 1913, in which he studied Chinese and Western literature. Due to financial difficulties, he had to quit in the summer of 1916, before his graduation.

The trainings in Chinese and English as well as knowledge of Chinese and Western literature provided by the fifteen years of education Mao Dun received had prepared him to show up in the limelight of the Chinese journalistic and literary arena.

==Journalistic career==
After graduation, Mao Dun soon got his first job in the English editing and translation sections of the Commercial Press (商務印書館), Shanghai branch. At the age of 21, he was invitied to be the assistant editor of ''Xuesheng Zazhi'' (學生雜誌) (Students' Magazine) under the Commercial Press, which had published many articles about the new ideologies that had emerged in China at that time.

Apart from editing, Mao Dun also started to write about his social thoughts and criticisms. To some extent, he was inspired by the famous magazine [[New Youth]]. Like in 1917 and 1918, he wrote two editorials for ''Xuesheng Zazhi'': ''Students and Society'' (學生與社會) and ''The Students of 1918'', those were significant in stimulating political consciousness among the young educated Chinese.

At 24 years of age, Mao Dun was already renowned as a novelist by the community in general, and in 1920, he and a group of young writers took over the magazine ''Xiaoshuo Yuebao'' (小說月報), which translated means "fiction monthly", to publish literature by western authors, such as [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]], [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], [[Honoré de Balzac|Balzac]], [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], [[Émile Zola|Zola]], [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Byron]], [[John Keats|Keats]], [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]], etc., and make new theories of literature better known. Despite the fact that he was a naturalistic novelist, he admired writers like [[Leo Tolstoy]], for their great artistic style.

In 1920, he was invited to edit a new column: ''Xiaoshuo Xinchao'' (小說新潮) (The Fiction-New-Waves) in ''Xiaoshuo Yuebao''. He even took up the post of Chief Editor of the Monthly in the same year and was obliged to reform it thoroughly, in response to the [[May Fourth Movement|New Cultural Movement]] (五四運動/新文化運動). His young writer friends in [[Beijing]] supported him by submitting their creative writings, translating Western literature and their views on new literature theories and techniques to the magazines. ''Wenxue Yanjiuhui'' (文學研究會) (Literature Study Group) was formed partly because of this. The reformed Monthly was proved to be a success. It had facilitated the continuation of the New Cultural Movement by selling ten thousand copies a month and more importantly by introducing Literature for life, a brand new realistic approach to Chinese literature. In this period, Mao Dun had become a leading figure of the movement in the southern part of China.

On the notion of content reformation, both the innovative and conservative parties in the Commercial Press could not make a compromise. Mao Dun resigned from the Chief Editor of Fiction Monthly in 1923, but in 1927 he became the chief columnist of the ''Minguo yuebao''. He wrote more than 30 editorials for this newspaper to criticize [[Chiang Kai-shek]], and to support revolutions.

==Political life==
Inspired by the [[October Revolution]] of 1917 in Russia, Mao Dun took part in the May Fourth Movement in China. In 1920, he joined the Shanghai Communist Team, and helped to establish the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. At first, he worked as a liaison for the party. He also wrote for the party magazine ''The Communist Party'' (共產黨).

At the same time, Mao Dun participated in [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s [[Northern Expedition]] (1926–28), the main purpose was to unite the country. He quit, however, when Chiang's Kuomintang [[Chinese Civil War|broke with the Communists]]. In July 1928, he went to Japan in order to take refuge. As he returned to China in 1930, he joined the [[League of Left-Wing Writers]]. Later, China went to war with Japan and he actively engaged in resisting the Japanese attack in 1937. In 1949, the communist government took over and he was responsible for working as [[Mao Zedong]]'s secretary and Culture Minister until 1964.

==As a literary man==
Xiaoshuo Yuebao Reform was Mao Dun's first contribution to Chinese literature. The magazine then became a place where "New Literature" circulated. Many famous writers like Lu Xun, Xu Dishan, Bing Xin, Ye Shengtao, had their works published through it. Mao Dun supported movements such as "New Literature" and "New Thinking". He believed that Chinese literature should have a place in the world.

==List of works==
Mao Dun has over 100 publications throughout his life, which includes short stories, novels, theories etc. Some of his most famous works include:

===Short stories===
* ''Wild Rose'' 《野薔薇》 ''Ye Qiangwei'' (1929)
* ''The Smoke and Cloud Collection'' 《煙雲集》''Yanyunji'' (1937)

===Novellas===
* ''Disillusions'' 《幻滅》 ''Huanmie'' (1927)
* ''Waverings'' 《動搖》 ''Dongyao'' (1927)
* ''Pursuits''《追求》 ''Zhuiqiu'' (1928)
* ''Three people walking'',《三人行》''Sanrenxing'' (1931)
* ''The Shop Of the Lin Family'' 《林家铺子》 ''Linjia Puzi'' (1932)
* ''Spring Silkworms''《春蚕》 ''Chuncan'' (1932)
* ''Autumn Harvest'' 《秋收》 ''QiuShou''

===Novels===
* ''Hong'', 《虹》 [''Rainbow''] (1930)
* ''Ziye'', 《子夜》 [''Midnight''] (1933)
*|''Xian Gei Shi Ren Jie'', 《獻給詩人節》[''Giving to the poet festival''] (1946)

===Theories===
* 《茅盾近作》 ''Mao Dun Jin Zuo'' [''The recent works of Mao Dun''] (1980)
* 《茅盾論創作》 ''Mao Dun Lun Chuang Zuo'' [''Mao Dun's Comment on Creativity''] (1980)

===Essays===
* 《蘇聯見聞錄》 ''Su Lian Jian Wen Lu'' [''Travelling Diary of USSR''] (1948)
* 《雜談蘇聯》 ''Ji Tan Su Lian'' [''Talks on USSR''] (1949)

===Drama script===
* ''Qingming Qianhou'', 《清明前後》 ''QianMingQianHou'' [''Front and rear Pure Brightness''] (1945)

===Translation===
* 話劇《俄羅斯問題》 (Modern drama "Russian Question") (1946)
* 中篇小說《團的兒子》 (Novelette "Group's Sons") (1946)

===Others===
* 《茅盾全集》 ''Mao Dun Quanji'' [''Works of Mao Dun''] (vol. 1-15, 1984–1987)
* 《茅盾書簡》''Mao Dun Shujian'' [''Introduction to the books of Mao Dun''] (1st edition, collection of letters, 1984) later changed the name into《茅盾書信集》''Mao Dun Shuxinji'' (1988)

==Further reading on Mao Dun==
* Chen, Yu-shih. ''Realism and Allegory in the Early Fiction of Mao Dun''. (1986)
* Gálik, Marián. ''Mao Tun and Modern Chinese Literary Criticism''. (1969)
* Gálik, Marián. ''The Genesis of Modern Chinese Literature Criticism''. (1980)
* Hsia, C.T. ''A History of Modern Chinese Fiction''. (1961)
* Li Pin. (李頻) ''Bianji jia Mao Dun pingzhuan'' (編輯家茅盾評傳) Kaifeng (開封): Henan University press (河南大學出版社), 1995. Available in [[HKU]] FPS library.
* Shao Bozhou, et al. ed. ''Mao Dun de wenxue daolu''. (1959)
* Wang, David Der-wei. ''Fictional Realism in the Twentieth-Century China''. (1992)
* ''Chinese Writers on Writing'' featuring Mao Dun. Ed. [[Arthur Sze]]. ([[Trinity University (Texas)#Trinity University Press|Trinity University Press]], 2010).

==References==

--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 08:38, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Shen Yanbing

2016-07-26T08:36:08Z

Sunshine: /* Others */

Shen Yanbing

2016-07-26T08:35:30Z

Sunshine: /* Further reading on Mao Dun */

'''Mao Dun''' (4 July 1896 – 27 March 1981) was the pen name of '''Shen Dehong''' ('''Shen Yanbing'''), a 20th-century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and the Minister of Culture of [[People's Republic of China]] (1949–65). He is one of the most celebrated left-wing realist novelists of modern China. His most famous works are ''Ziye'', a novel depicting life in cosmopolitan Shanghai, and ''Spring Silkworms''. He also wrote many short stories.

He adopted "Mao Dun" (Chinese:矛盾), meaning "contradiction", as his pen name to express the tension in the conflicting revolutionary ideology in China in the unstable 1920s. His friend [[Ye Shengtao]] changed the first character from 矛 to 茅, which literally means "thatch".

==Early life==
His father, Shen Yongxi (Chinese: 沈永錫) taught and designed the curriculum for his son, but he died when Mao Dun was ten. Mao Dun's mother Chen Aizhu (Chinese: 陳愛珠) then became his teacher. He mentions in his memoirs that "my first instructor is my mother". Through learning from his parents, Mao Dun developed great interest in writing during his childhood.

Mao Dun had already started to develop his writing skills when he was still in primary school. In one examination the examiner commented on Mao Dun's script: '12 year old young child, can make this language, not says motherland nobody'. There were other similar comments which indicate that Mao Dun had been a brilliant writer since his youth.

While Mao Dun was studying in secondary school in Hangzhou, extensive reading and strict writing skills training filled his life. He read the ''Wen Xuan'', ''Shishuo Xinyu'', and a large number of classical novels, which influenced his writing style.

Mao Dun entered the three-year foundation school offered by Peking University in 1913, in which he studied Chinese and Western literature. Due to financial difficulties, he had to quit in the summer of 1916, before his graduation.

The trainings in Chinese and English as well as knowledge of Chinese and Western literature provided by the fifteen years of education Mao Dun received had prepared him to show up in the limelight of the Chinese journalistic and literary arena.

==Journalistic career==
After graduation, Mao Dun soon got his first job in the English editing and translation sections of the Commercial Press (商務印書館), Shanghai branch. At the age of 21, he was invitied to be the assistant editor of ''Xuesheng Zazhi'' (學生雜誌) (Students' Magazine) under the Commercial Press, which had published many articles about the new ideologies that had emerged in China at that time.

Apart from editing, Mao Dun also started to write about his social thoughts and criticisms. To some extent, he was inspired by the famous magazine [[New Youth]]. Like in 1917 and 1918, he wrote two editorials for ''Xuesheng Zazhi'': ''Students and Society'' (學生與社會) and ''The Students of 1918'', those were significant in stimulating political consciousness among the young educated Chinese.

At 24 years of age, Mao Dun was already renowned as a novelist by the community in general, and in 1920, he and a group of young writers took over the magazine ''Xiaoshuo Yuebao'' (小說月報), which translated means "fiction monthly", to publish literature by western authors, such as [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]], [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], [[Honoré de Balzac|Balzac]], [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], [[Émile Zola|Zola]], [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Byron]], [[John Keats|Keats]], [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]], etc., and make new theories of literature better known. Despite the fact that he was a naturalistic novelist, he admired writers like [[Leo Tolstoy]], for their great artistic style.

In 1920, he was invited to edit a new column: ''Xiaoshuo Xinchao'' (小說新潮) (The Fiction-New-Waves) in ''Xiaoshuo Yuebao''. He even took up the post of Chief Editor of the Monthly in the same year and was obliged to reform it thoroughly, in response to the [[May Fourth Movement|New Cultural Movement]] (五四運動/新文化運動). His young writer friends in [[Beijing]] supported him by submitting their creative writings, translating Western literature and their views on new literature theories and techniques to the magazines. ''Wenxue Yanjiuhui'' (文學研究會) (Literature Study Group) was formed partly because of this. The reformed Monthly was proved to be a success. It had facilitated the continuation of the New Cultural Movement by selling ten thousand copies a month and more importantly by introducing Literature for life, a brand new realistic approach to Chinese literature. In this period, Mao Dun had become a leading figure of the movement in the southern part of China.

On the notion of content reformation, both the innovative and conservative parties in the Commercial Press could not make a compromise. Mao Dun resigned from the Chief Editor of Fiction Monthly in 1923, but in 1927 he became the chief columnist of the ''Minguo yuebao''. He wrote more than 30 editorials for this newspaper to criticize [[Chiang Kai-shek]], and to support revolutions.

==Political life==
Inspired by the [[October Revolution]] of 1917 in Russia, Mao Dun took part in the May Fourth Movement in China. In 1920, he joined the Shanghai Communist Team, and helped to establish the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. At first, he worked as a liaison for the party. He also wrote for the party magazine ''The Communist Party'' (共產黨).

At the same time, Mao Dun participated in [[Chiang Kai-shek]]'s [[Northern Expedition]] (1926–28), the main purpose was to unite the country. He quit, however, when Chiang's Kuomintang [[Chinese Civil War|broke with the Communists]]. In July 1928, he went to Japan in order to take refuge. As he returned to China in 1930, he joined the [[League of Left-Wing Writers]]. Later, China went to war with Japan and he actively engaged in resisting the Japanese attack in 1937. In 1949, the communist government took over and he was responsible for working as [[Mao Zedong]]'s secretary and Culture Minister until 1964.

==As a literary man==
Xiaoshuo Yuebao Reform was Mao Dun's first contribution to Chinese literature. The magazine then became a place where "New Literature" circulated. Many famous writers like Lu Xun, Xu Dishan, Bing Xin, Ye Shengtao, had their works published through it. Mao Dun supported movements such as "New Literature" and "New Thinking". He believed that Chinese literature should have a place in the world.

==List of works==
Mao Dun has over 100 publications throughout his life, which includes short stories, novels, theories etc. Some of his most famous works include:

===Short stories===
* ''Wild Rose'' 《野薔薇》 ''Ye Qiangwei'' (1929)
* ''The Smoke and Cloud Collection'' 《煙雲集》''Yanyunji'' (1937)

===Novellas===
* ''Disillusions'' 《幻滅》 ''Huanmie'' (1927)
* ''Waverings'' 《動搖》 ''Dongyao'' (1927)
* ''Pursuits''《追求》 ''Zhuiqiu'' (1928)
* ''Three people walking'',《三人行》''Sanrenxing'' (1931)
* ''The Shop Of the Lin Family'' 《林家铺子》 ''Linjia Puzi'' (1932)
* ''Spring Silkworms''《春蚕》 ''Chuncan'' (1932)
* ''Autumn Harvest'' 《秋收》 ''QiuShou''

===Novels===
* ''Hong'', 《虹》 [''Rainbow''] (1930)
* ''Ziye'', 《子夜》 [''Midnight''] (1933)
*|''Xian Gei Shi Ren Jie'', 《獻給詩人節》[''Giving to the poet festival''] (1946)

===Theories===
* 《茅盾近作》 ''Mao Dun Jin Zuo'' [''The recent works of Mao Dun''] (1980)
* 《茅盾論創作》 ''Mao Dun Lun Chuang Zuo'' [''Mao Dun's Comment on Creativity''] (1980)

===Essays===
* 《蘇聯見聞錄》 ''Su Lian Jian Wen Lu'' [''Travelling Diary of USSR''] (1948)
* 《雜談蘇聯》 ''Ji Tan Su Lian'' [''Talks on USSR''] (1949)

===Drama script===
* ''Qingming Qianhou'', 《清明前後》 ''QianMingQianHou'' [''Front and rear Pure Brightness''] (1945)

===Translation===
* 話劇《俄羅斯問題》 (Modern drama "Russian Question") (1946)
* 中篇小說《團的兒子》 (Novelette "Group's Sons") (1946)

===Others===

==Further reading on Mao Dun==
* Chen, Yu-shih. ''Realism and Allegory in the Early Fiction of Mao Dun''. (1986)
* Gálik, Marián. ''Mao Tun and Modern Chinese Literary Criticism''. (1969)
* Gálik, Marián. ''The Genesis of Modern Chinese Literature Criticism''. (1980)
* Hsia, C.T. ''A History of Modern Chinese Fiction''. (1961)
* Li Pin. (李頻) ''Bianji jia Mao Dun pingzhuan'' (編輯家茅盾評傳) Kaifeng (開封): Henan University press (河南大學出版社), 1995. Available in [[HKU]] FPS library.
* Shao Bozhou, et al. ed. ''Mao Dun de wenxue daolu''. (1959)
* Wang, David Der-wei. ''Fictional Realism in the Twentieth-Century China''. (1992)
* ''Chinese Writers on Writing'' featuring Mao Dun. Ed. [[Arthur Sze]]. ([[Trinity University (Texas)#Trinity University Press|Trinity University Press]], 2010).

==References==

Shen Yanbing

2016-07-26T08:34:39Z

Sunshine: Created page with "'''Mao Dun''' (4 July 1896 – 27 March 1981) was the pen name of '''Shen Dehong''' ('''Shen Yanbing'''), a 20th-century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and the Minister of..."

Alai

2016-07-26T08:19:05Z

Sunshine: /* Bibliography */

'''Alai''' ({{zh|s=阿来|hp=Ālái}}; {{bo|t=ཨ་ལེ་|w=a-le|z=Alê|l=ɑ́lè}}; born 1959 in Sichuan province) is a [[Chinese People|Chinese]] [[poetry|poet]] and [[novelist]] of [[Jiarong language|Rgyalrong]] [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] descendent. He was also editor of ''[[Science Fiction World]]''. <ref name="Alai_nyt">{{cite web|title=阿来，一位以藏语构思、汉语写作的作家|last=Shi|first=Shi|publisher=The New York Times|date=2015-11-02|accessdate=2016-05-17|url=http://cn.nytstyle.com/culture/20151102/t02alai/|language=Chinese|trans-title=Alai, a Chinese novelist with Tibetan ideas}}</ref>

==Works==
Alai's notable novel ''Red Poppies'' (''The Dust Settles - Chen'ai Luoding''), published in 1998, follows a family of Tibetan chieftains, the Maichi, during the decade or so before the liberation of [[Tibet]] by the [[People's Liberation Army]] in 1951. Their [[feudal]] life in the Tibetan borderlands, narrated by the youngest "idiot" son, is described as cruel, romantic, and full of intrigue (with the [[incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China]] presented as a great advance for the Tibetan peasantry). ''Red Poppies'' was selected as a finalist for the [[Kiriyama Prize]] in 2002 and won the 5th [[Mao Dun Literary Prize]] in 2005. <ref name="Alai_nyt" />

==Bibliography==
* The Song of King Gesar. Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin. New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. December 2013. ISBN 9781847672353.
* Tibetan Soul: Stories. Translators Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. February 2012. ISBN 978-1-937385-08-8.
* Red Poppies: A Novel of Tibet. Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. May 2003. ISBN 9780618340699.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 08:15, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Alai

2016-07-26T08:18:25Z

Sunshine: /* Bibliography */

'''Alai''' ({{zh|s=阿来|hp=Ālái}}; {{bo|t=ཨ་ལེ་|w=a-le|z=Alê|l=ɑ́lè}}; born 1959 in Sichuan province) is a [[Chinese People|Chinese]] [[poetry|poet]] and [[novelist]] of [[Jiarong language|Rgyalrong]] [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] descendent. He was also editor of ''[[Science Fiction World]]''. <ref name="Alai_nyt">{{cite web|title=阿来，一位以藏语构思、汉语写作的作家|last=Shi|first=Shi|publisher=The New York Times|date=2015-11-02|accessdate=2016-05-17|url=http://cn.nytstyle.com/culture/20151102/t02alai/|language=Chinese|trans-title=Alai, a Chinese novelist with Tibetan ideas}}</ref>

==Works==
Alai's notable novel ''Red Poppies'' (''The Dust Settles - Chen'ai Luoding''), published in 1998, follows a family of Tibetan chieftains, the Maichi, during the decade or so before the liberation of [[Tibet]] by the [[People's Liberation Army]] in 1951. Their [[feudal]] life in the Tibetan borderlands, narrated by the youngest "idiot" son, is described as cruel, romantic, and full of intrigue (with the [[incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China]] presented as a great advance for the Tibetan peasantry). ''Red Poppies'' was selected as a finalist for the [[Kiriyama Prize]] in 2002 and won the 5th [[Mao Dun Literary Prize]] in 2005. <ref name="Alai_nyt" />

==Bibliography==
* {{The Song of King Gesar. Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin. New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. December 2013. ISBN 9781847672353.}}
* {{Tibetan Soul: Stories. Translators Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. February 2012. ISBN 978-1-937385-08-8.}}
* {{Red Poppies: A Novel of Tibet. Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. May 2003. ISBN 9780618340699.}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 08:15, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Alai

2016-07-26T08:15:28Z

Sunshine: Created page with "'''Alai''' ({{zh|s=阿来|hp=Ālái}}; {{bo|t=ཨ་ལེ་|w=a-le|z=Alê|l=ɑ́lè}}; born 1959 in Sichuan province) is a Chinese poet and n..."

'''Alai''' ({{zh|s=阿来|hp=Ālái}}; {{bo|t=ཨ་ལེ་|w=a-le|z=Alê|l=ɑ́lè}}; born 1959 in Sichuan province) is a [[Chinese People|Chinese]] [[poetry|poet]] and [[novelist]] of [[Jiarong language|Rgyalrong]] [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] descendent. He was also editor of ''[[Science Fiction World]]''. <ref name="Alai_nyt">{{cite web|title=阿来，一位以藏语构思、汉语写作的作家|last=Shi|first=Shi|publisher=The New York Times|date=2015-11-02|accessdate=2016-05-17|url=http://cn.nytstyle.com/culture/20151102/t02alai/|language=Chinese|trans-title=Alai, a Chinese novelist with Tibetan ideas}}</ref>

==Works==
Alai's notable novel ''Red Poppies'' (''The Dust Settles - Chen'ai Luoding''), published in 1998, follows a family of Tibetan chieftains, the Maichi, during the decade or so before the liberation of [[Tibet]] by the [[People's Liberation Army]] in 1951. Their [[feudal]] life in the Tibetan borderlands, narrated by the youngest "idiot" son, is described as cruel, romantic, and full of intrigue (with the [[incorporation of Tibet into the People's Republic of China]] presented as a great advance for the Tibetan peasantry). ''Red Poppies'' was selected as a finalist for the [[Kiriyama Prize]] in 2002 and won the 5th [[Mao Dun Literary Prize]] in 2005. <ref name="Alai_nyt" />

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=The Song of King Gesar |date=December 2013|publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]]|location=New South Wales|isbn=9781847672353 |others=Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin}}
* {{cite book|title= Tibetan Soul: Stories |date=February 2012|publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|location=Honolulu|isbn= 978-1-937385-08-8 |others=Translators Karen Gernant and Chen Zeping}}
* {{Cite book|title=Red Poppies: A Novel of Tibet | others=Translators Howard Goldblatt and Sylvia Li-chun Lin | publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] | location=Boston| date=May 2003| isbn=9780618340699 }}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 08:15, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Mian Mian

2016-07-26T08:12:31Z

Sunshine: Created page with "'''Mian Mian''' ({{zh|c=棉棉|p=mián mian}}, born August 28, 1970 in Shanghai) is a Chinese Post 70s Generation writer. She writes on China's once..."

'''Mian Mian''' ({{zh|c=棉棉|p=mián mian}}, born August 28, 1970 in [[Shanghai]]) is a [[Zhonghua Minzu|Chinese]] [[Post 70s Generation]] writer. She writes on China's once-taboo topics and she is a promoter of Shanghai's local music. Her publications have earned her the reputation as China's literary wild child.

Her first novel, ''糖'' (''Candy''), has been translated into English. Her other works include ''每个好孩子都有糖吃'' (''Every good child deserves to eat candy''), a collection of short stories. Her novel ''We Are Panic'' was made into a movie, ''[[Shanghai Panic]]'' (2001), in which she also acted one of the lead roles.

In late 2009, she sued [[Google]] after the company scanned her books for its online library. She demanded {{CNY|61,000}} and a public apology. Google later removed the book from its library.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8433345.stm Google is sued by Chinese author Mian Mian] (BBC)</ref> She appeared in the 2013 documentary ''[[Google and the World Brain]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Debruge|first1=Peter|title=Review: 'Google and the World Brain'|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/markets-festivals/google-and-the-world-brain-1117949159/|accessdate=June 29, 2015|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=February 4, 2013}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* 啦啦啦 (''lā lā lā'', La la la), 1997 (ISBN 3-462-03182-1)
* 糖 (''Táng'', Candy), 2000 (ISBN 0-316-56356-0)
* 每个好孩子都有糖吃 (''Měige Hǎoháizi Dōu Yǒu Táng Chī'', Every good child deserves to eat candy), 2002 (ISBN 3-462-03421-9)
* 社交舞 (''Shèjiāo Wǔ'', Social dance), 2002, (ISBN 7-800-05732-1) (English: "Social dance", nonfiction)
* 熊猫 (''Xióngmāo'', Panda), 2004 (ISBN 7-800-80467-4)

===Translated works===
*''Candy'' (糖 ''Táng''), 2003 (ISBN 0-316-56356-0)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/mianmian.html An article by Gary Jones, first published in ''Tofu-magazine'' #2]
*[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/01/content_420714.htm China Daily article about Mian Mian]
*{{IMDb name|1287976|name=Mian Mian}}
*[http://www.modernsky.com/bands/mianmian/mm_file.htm Short biography]



{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mian, Mian}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chinese women writers]]
[[Category:Post 70s Generation]]
[[Category:Writers from Shanghai]]
[[Category:Culture in Shanghai]]
[[Category:20th-century women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century women writers]]

{{China-writer-stub}}

--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 08:12, 26 July 2016 (UTC)

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-07-26T08:11:57Z

Sunshine: /* Between cult and celebrity */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139
* Literature Society & Romanticism During May 4th Period--[[User:Irene612|Irene612]] ([[User talk:Irene612|talk]]) 09:27, 19 June 2016 (UTC)

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[[Zhou Zuoren]],[[Zheng Zhenduo]],[[Shen Yanbing]]--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** [[Yu Dafu]], "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* [[Lu Xun's proud ox]](鲁迅的骄傲的牛）
* [[Lu Xun's translated works and his duty for society]](鲁迅的翻译作品和他对于社会的责任）

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* [[Jia Pingwa]]
* [[Wang Shuo]]

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s
[[Media:Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present.ogg]]

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** [[Mian Mian]] (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

* Web literature portal qidian.com
= THE OUTLINE OF WEB LITERATURE =
* [[basic information of web literature]](网络文学概况)
* [[web literature on screen]](网络文学影视化)
* [[web literature'system]](网络文学的运作体系)
when it comes to the web literature , it is disappointing that few scholar actually have done some research involved this field while there are more than 300 million web literature readers in China . So I’m really excited to see the articles written by ShaoYanjun coming to this kind of literature. According to what she said, the “Chinese Writer Association—journal”、”professional—non-professional”, which was regarded as the conventional pattern of novel writing , have no future, even though Mo Yan got the Nobel Prize in literature——Web literature can act as a deliverer.
Shao devoted herself in discussing the identity of a writer named MaoNi in Web literature portal qidian.com. <间客>, Which is one of the most commercially successful novel of MaoNi attracting Shao, telling a story about the process of growing up of the hero, XuLe, in a magic background. It is the experience of reading this kind of novel that giving her the ticket to the access of the web literature, as she said. However, who is the one actually need this sort of appreciating by some scholars, it’s hard to regard it as the need of writers or readers, scholars themselves are the ones. To be precise, ShaoYanjun is working for its scholar fans, she never consider to change her standing as a scholar, the reason she choose MaoNi to be her research target is that she want web literature, like <间客>, can be interpret in the scholar circle, and as a consequence of doing this reading, she can have a better conversation with her students who is probably one of the 300 million web literature fans, and do a better job in her teaching jobs.

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-06-12T16:08:26Z

Sunshine: /* Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[[Zhou Zuoren]],[[Zheng Zhenduo]],[[Shen Yanbing]]--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** [[Yu Dafu]], "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* Mao's claim of Lu Xun

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* Jia Pingwa
* Wang Shuo

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s
[[Media:Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present.ogg]]

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** Mian Mian (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

= Blog, Web and Fan literature =
* Blogs (blog literature?), from web to paper literature
* Ai Weiwei, Han Han, Annie Baobei

= Fan literature =
* Web literature portal qidian.com

Zhou Zuoren

2016-06-12T15:59:08Z

Sunshine: Blanked the page

Zheng Zhenduo

2016-06-12T15:52:09Z

Sunshine: Zheng Zhenduo(1898-1958)

{{Chinese
|pic=Zhen zhenduo.jpg
|piccap=
|t=鄭振鐸
|s=郑振铎
|p=Zhèng Zhènduó
|w=Cheng Chen-to
|altname=Xidi <br/> ([[courtesy name]])
|t2=西諦
|s2=西谛
|p2=Xīdì
|w2=Hsi-ti
}}
{{Chinese name|[[Zheng (surname)|Zheng]]}}

'''Zheng Zhenduo''' ('''Cheng Chen-to'''; December 19, 1898 – October 17, 1958), [[courtesy name]] '''Xidi''', was a Chinese journalist, writer, archaeologist and scholar. His [[pen name]]s were Baofun (寶芬), Guo Yuanxin (郭源新) and CT.

He made a significant contribution towards the establishment of the Chinese literature and the editing of a variety of literary magazines. In 1921, he, Shen Yanbing (沈雁冰) and other classmates organized ''Wenxue Yanjiu Hui'' (Literary Study Society 文學研究會). In 1923, he became the chief editor of ''[[Fiction Monthly]]'' (小說月報). In addition, he in succession participated in editing ''Min Chao'' (閩潮), ''Xin Shehui'' (新社會), ''Wenxue xunkan'' (文學旬刊). In late 1931, he became a professor at both [[Yenching University]] and [[Tsinghua University]], the president of Faculty of Arts and the director of Chinese department of [[Jinan University]]. He was also the chief editor of ''Shijie wenku'' (The World's Library 世界文庫) at the same time. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he was assigned to be head of the Cultural Relic Bureau (文物局), Director of the [[Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences|Institute of Archaeology]] of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] and literary research institute, the assistant minister of cultural department, committee member of [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] scientific program committee and Chinese Academy of Science philosophical social sciences, the vice-chairman of Chinese folk literature and art research council, etc. He died in a plane crash in the [[Soviet Union]] during his journey in 1958.

==Biography==

===Family===
Zheng Zhenduo was born on 19 December 1898 in [[Wenzhou|Yongjia]], [[Zhejiang]] Province. His ancestral home was in [[Changle]], [[Fujian]] province. He was born in a poor family. Together with two younger sisters, he was raised by his mother because his father and grandfather died when he was still a teenager.

He was named "Zhenduo" (振鐸) by his grandfather. "Zhen" (振) denotes arousing an action and "Duo" (鐸) is a kind of big bell. His grandfather wanted him to ring like a great bell to summon and to arouse people. Besides, his grandfather gave him the childhood name "Mu Guan" (Wooden official 木官).

===Schooling===
In 1917, Zheng began studying at the [[Beijing Jiaotong University|Beijing Railway Management School]] (北京铁路管理传习所) and graduated in March 1921. Beyond classroom, he read a lot of books and developed an enormous interest in social sciences, Chinese literature and Western literature and thus developed a critical mind. During the [[May Fourth Movement]], he was a student representative, spreading the news of student movements in Beijing. In 1919, he helped publish two magazines called ''Xin Shehui'' (新社會 "New Society") and ''Jiuguo jiangyan zhoukan'' (救國講演周報 "National Salvation Speeches Weekly").

In January 1921, Zheng Zhenduo and twelve others, including [[Mao Dun]] and [[Ye Shengtao]] founded the earliest literary society of the New Literature Movement, ''Wenxue yanjiu hui'' (Literary Research Association 文學研究會, also known as the Literary Association), which advocated realism and opposed art for art's sake.

===Careers throughout his life===
Zheng had been a journalist, a modern writer, archeology and a literature scholar throughout his life.

In May 1921, Zheng helped set up a drama society called ''Minzhong Xiju She'' (Demotic opera troupe 民眾戲劇社) with [[Mao Dun]], [[Ye Shengtao]], [[Chen Dabei]], [[Ouyang Yuqian]], [[Xiong Foxi]] and other writers. They published a monthly magazine named ''Xiju'' (Drama 戲劇) on 31 May in the same year.

In 1922, Zheng established the first magazine for children, ''[[Children's World (magazine)|Children's World]]'' (兒童世界) In January 1923, he became the chief editor of a monthly magazine of novel, ''[[Fiction Monthly]]'' (小說月報). After the [[May 30 Incident]] in 1925, he helped founding a newspaper called ''Gongli Ribao'' (公理日報). From then on, he wrote many books including ''[[Zhongguo Wenxue Shi]]'' (History of Chinese literature 中國文學史, 1938) and ''[[1943 Diary]]'' (1943年日記).

Zheng had been a scholar giving lectures in universities, a researcher of the academy and a journalist since 1931. He taught in the Department of Chinese in [[Yenching University]], in [[Jinan University]] from 1935 to 1941 as the Dean of faculty of Arts and in [[Peking University]] since 1953. After 1949, he became the Secretary for the Culture Department and Cultural Heritage Department in China.

===Exile to France===
In April 1927, [[Chiang Kai-shek]] launched a sudden attack on thousands of suspected Communists in the area he controlled. Many innocent students and movement activists were killed. Writers, including Zheng, were under political pressure. Therefore, he left his family for France in May 1927. During the years living in Paris, he kept mailing his diary to his wife, which was published as a book named ''Ouxing Riji'' (Diary of travels in Europe 歐行日記).

===Return to China===
He continued his journalistic career after coming back to China in 1929 and founded ''Jiuwang Ribao'' (救亡日報). In October 1945, he founded a weekly magazine called ''Democracy'' (民主) to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's pro-US policy and urge people to stop civil wars.

===Cultural Preservation===
Due to the invasion of Japanese troops, Shanghai was besieged starting from 1937 and many significant cultural assets were lost. In the light of this, Zheng devoted himself to the rescue and protection of aged Chinese documents and [[antique]]s. Chen was a founding member of the Shanghai "[[Rare Book Preservation Society]]" and its leader. Disguising himself as a staff member in a stationery store, named Chan Sixun (陳思訓), he managed to save many aged books from damage or loss to the outside world.

===Death===
On 18 October 1958, Zheng led national cultural delegates to visit [[Arabia]] and [[Afghanistan]]. He died in a plane crash in the [[Chuvashia]], [[Soviet Union]] during the journey.

==Journalism==
Zheng started his journalistic career in the 1920s during the [[May Fourth Movement]]. Together with some classmates including [[Zhong Tao]] (仲陶), he got a first taste of editing in starting a publication named ''[[Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoukan]]'' (救國講演周刊). The magazine - being published in [[Wenzhou]] for only 6 to 7 times - was closed by the authorities since it enraged a government official.

As one of the founders of a youth magazine, ''[[Xin Shehui]]'' (新社會), Zheng aimed at criticizing the Beijing government. It began its publication on 1 November 1919, which consisted of four pages. The aims of the magazine was to:

#advocate the social service
#discuss society problems
#introduce social theories
#research on common people education
#record society matters
#criticize society shortcomings
#narrate society real states
#report news of the organization

Zheng gave many speeches about the student movement in Beijing. On top of criticizing, he wanted to make good use of the [[New Culture Movement]] (新文化運動) to publicize and promote new social ideals for the Chinese future development. [[Chen Duxiu]] suggested that ''[[Xin Shehui]]'' could be edited with a more approachable style accepted by the general public. The magazine was finally published on 1 November 1919 throughout China, arousing tides of attention from the public, especially amongst the young readers. However, as Zheng and his co-editors were still inexperienced in editing by that time, the magazine was thought to be immature in editing and too sloganeered. On the hand, the content of the magazine upset the military side of the government. Thus, in one month's time, the government called the publication to a halt.

In addition, he established ''[[Wenxue Yanjiu Hui]]'' (Literary Study Society 文學研究會) with [[Mao Dun]] and [[Ye Shengtao]] in November 1920. In January 1923, he took over the position of chief editor of ''[[Fiction Monthly]]'' from Mao Dun. He was the chief editor on and off for nearly 9 years. He advocated a literary advocacy of "Blood and Tears" and supported a writing style of realism.

In June 1925, he founded a newspaper called ''Kongli Ribao'' (公理日報) with Wu Yuzhi and [[Ye Shengtao]] in Shanghai. This newspaper was aimed at criticizing the "[[May Thirtieth Incident]]" and the rising foreign [[imperialism]] in China.

Also, he contributed in various newspapers like ''[[Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoubao]]'' (救國講演周報) and ''[[Xinxue Bao]]'' (新學報) to awaken Chinese people from old traditions. These articles were mainly about social issues and the evil deeds of the old traditional practices. Zheng wrote articles from different aspects like the liberation of women, morality, social psychology and the liberation of political power. They all advocated more people to rethink the old values position.

==Contribution to literature==

===Translation===
Zheng was proficient in foreign languages including English, [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Latin language|Latin]]. He did a great job in translating a lot of Russian and Indian literature.

Zheng had started translation of Russian literature since early 20s. His works included the works, paper and preface of [[Turgenev]] (1818-1883), [[Gogol]] (1809-1852), [[Anton Chekhov|Chekov]] (1860-1904), [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]] (1868-1936) and [[Tolstoy]] (1828-1910).

Zheng also translated many Indian literature. He mainly translated the poems as well as the Indian ancient-times fable such as Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). Zheng had translated a prominent number of Tagore's poems to Chinese since the 1920s. In October 1922, he published his translation of Stray Birds (飛鳥集). In August 1925, he published The Indian Fable (印度寓言). There were 55 translation works of his in total.

Zheng started his study in Greek and Roman literature in his early age. In 1929, he published The Story of Love (戀愛的故事). Afterwards he translated The Hero Legends of Greek and Roman Myth Legends (希臘羅馬神話傳說中的英雄傳說). Then in 1935, he published a book called The Legends of Greece (希臘神話), which was three to four times thicker than his previous one. After liberation, in the second edition of The Legends of Greece, he introduced [[Karl Marx]]'s well-known discourse in The Introductory of political and economical criticism (政治經濟批判導言) which was about ancient times mythology to analyze Greek mythology.

===Literature Union===
As the previous newspapers and magazines were banned by the government, Zheng believed that a proper established literature union would make things run easier. In January 1921, he established Wenxue Yanjiu Hui (Literary Study Society 文學研究會), which literally means literature research union, with Mao Dun(茅盾), Ye Shengtao (葉紹鈞) and 12 other people in the related field.

The Union's first publication was Wenxue Xunkan (文學旬刊). It was published along with the well known newspaper called Shishi Xinbao (Current events newspaper 時事新報). He revealed the goal of the publication and the literature views of the union. He believed that literature is important and capable to influence the society. It was not merely an era, a place or one's reflection, but it acted as a frontier, which could affect the morality of human beings. Also, he strongly opposed to the old style of Chinese literature, of setting leisure and religions as main themes. He supported the writing of life – one theme in new realism literature approach.

He also expressed his view on the development of Chinese literature. As the connection between the Chinese literature and the world's literature was far too little, the Chinese lofty spirit could not be shared by the rest of the world. He treated that as the Chinese's biggest humiliation. Therefore, he was so devoted in the field of literature, eagered to strive for a higher position of the Chinese literature in the world. Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement, he thought that the major responstility of the Chinese Literature was to inspire youngsters' revolutionary mission in order to strengthen the power of China.

===Realism===
Within the May Fourth movement, he adhered the direction of realism for New literature era. He thought literature liked 'mirror of a life'. This means his writing mostly revealed the real faces of societies. Also, he put a lot of emphasis on the importance of creative living. During his long composing and researching career, he showed a fully comprehensive realism of literature. He thought that literature must contribute to "life":

:We need the "blood" of literature, "tears" of literature. Both of them will become the trend of Chinese literature; the writing consists of not only "blood" and "tears", but also consists of "literature"; the "blood" and "tears" experience and feeling of author are aesthetic for success in writing.

Literature should consist of the highest ideal of the author, which form the soul of the article, in order to make it meaningful to the readers and the whole of society.

===Classical literature===
Starting from the late 1920s, Zheng was teaching Chinese literature History in universities. At that time, he did much in making research in Chinese classical writing. For example, he used his pen name, Bao Fun, to write Yuenqu Xulu (元曲敍錄) in the Novel Monthly (小說月報). Also, he finished editing The History of the Chinese Literature (中國文學史) in 1930.

===Romanticism===
Zheng put heavy emphasis on emotional elements in literature, highlighting its importance in distinguishing between literature and science. He advocated that literature functions to instill a passion in the readers' heart. One example was the historical novel, Arrest of the fire stealer (取火者的逮捕).

==Works==

===Academic===
*《中國古代木刻畫選集》 (''Zhongguo gu dai mu ke hua xuan ji'') (Selected ancient Chinese woodcuts)
*《文學大綱》 (''Wen xue da gang'') (Outline of literature)
*《插圖本中國文學史》 (''Cha tu ben Zhongguo wen xue shi'') (Illustrated history of Chinese literature)
*《中國俗文學史》 (''Zhongguo su wen xue shi'') (History of Chinese popular literature)
*《中國文學論集》 (''Zhongguo wen xue lun ji'') (Essays on Chinese literature)
*《俄國文學史略》 (''Eguo wen xue shi lüe'') (Brief history of Russian literature)
*《佝僂集》 (''Goulou ji'') (Rickets)
*《西諦書話》 (''Xidi shu hua'') (Xidi on books)
*《鄭振鐸文集》 (''Zheng Zhenduo wen ji'') (Collected works of Zheng Zhenduo)
*《談〈金瓶梅詞話〉》 (''Tan Jin Ping Mei Cihua'') (On Plum in the Golden Vase)
*《編輯方針與編輯計劃》 (''Bianji fangzhen yu bianji jihua) (Editing: policy and plan'' )

===Novels===
*《取火者的逮捕》 (''Arrest of the fire-stealer'')
*《桂公塘》 (''Gui gong tang'')
*《家庭的故事》 (''Jia Ting de Gu Shi'')

===Prose===
He wrote more than 20 prose texts and the following are some of the examples:

*《中山集記》 (''Shan zhong Za Ji'')
*《海燕》 (''Hai Yan'')
*《避暑會》 (''Bei Shu Hui'')
*《大同》 (''Da Tong'')
*《山市》 (''Shan Shi'')
*《離別》 (''Li Bie'')
*《貓》 (''Mao'') (Cat)
*《歐行日記》 (''Ou xing ri ji'' ) (''Diary of Travels in Europe'')
*《最後一課》 (''Zui Hou yi ke'')
*《月夜之話》 (''Rou Ye Ji Hua'' )

===Magazines and newspapers===
*新社會 (''Xin Shehui'') (''New Society'')
*兒童世界 (''Children's World'')
*戲劇 (''Xiju'')(''Drama'')
*救國講演周刊 (''Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoukan'')
*小說月報 (''Novel Monthly'')
*新學報 (''Xinxue Bao'')
*時事新報 (''Shishi xinbao'') (''Current events newspaper'')
*救亡日報 (''Jiuwang Ribao'')

===Chief editing===
*《世界文庫》 (''Shi jie wen ku'') (''The World's Library'')
*《醒世恒言》 (Xingshi hengyan)
*《警世通言》 (Jingshi tongyan)

===Translation works===
*《戀愛的故事》 (The Story of Love)
*《飛鳥集》(StrayBird)
*《俄國戰曲集》 (The Russian War Collections)
*《灰色馬》 (Grey Horse)
*《印度寓言》 (The Indian Fable)
*《希臘羅馬神話傳說中的英雄傳說》 (The Hero Legends of Greek and Roman Myth Legends)
*《希臘神話》 (The Legends of Greece)
*《列那狐的歷史》 ( The History of Liena Fox)

==References==
* Chen, Fukang. (1996). ''Yi dai cai hua: Zheng Zhenduo zhuan'' 《一代才華:鄭振鐸傳》 (Biography of Zheng Zhenduo). [[Shanghai]]: Shanghai People's Press (上海人民出版社). ISBN 7-208-02371-9
* Zheng, Erkang. (1998). ''Shiliu you hong le: huiyi wo de fuqin Zheng Zhenduo'' 《石榴又紅了：回憶我的父親鄭振鐸》 (The pomegranates are red again: Remembering my father, Zheng Zhenduo). [[Beijing]]: Renmin University Press (人民大學出版社). ISBN 7-300-02848-9
* Chen, Fukang. (1997). ''Ming jia jian zhuan shu xi:Zheng Zhenduo'' 《名家簡傳書系-鄭振鐸》(Biographies of famous figures: Zheng Zhenduo). [[Beijing]]: Zhong guo hua qiao publishing house (中國華僑出版社). ISBN 7-80120-120-5
* Zheng, Zhenduo & Zheng, Erkang. (1986). ''Zhongguo xian dai zuo jia xuan ji - Zheng Zhenduo'' 《中國現代作家選集 – 鄭振鐸》. (Selected works of modern Chinese authors – Zheng Zhenduo) [[Hong Kong]]: San lian shu dian Xianggang fen dian; [[Beijing]]: Renmin wenxue Press (人民大學出版社). ISBN 962-04-0476-9
* Zheng, Erkang. (2002). ''Xing yun gao qiu : Zheng Zhenduo zhuan'' 《星隕高秋 : 鄭振鐸傳》(Star fallen at height of autumn: Biography of Zheng Zhenduo). [[Beijing]]: Jinghua Press. ISBN 7-80600-589-7
* Lu, Rongchun. (1998). ''Zheng Zhenduo zhuan'' (Biography of Zheng Zhenduo) 《鄭振鐸傳》. [[Fuzhou]]: Haixia wenyi Press (華廈文藝出版社). ISBN 7-80640-086-9

==External links==
*[http://www.renditions.org/renditions/authors/zhengzd.html A concise biography of Zheng (English)]
*[http://www.cass.net.cn/y_09/y_09_01/y_09_01_10.htm A description of famous scholar (Chinese)]
*[http://www.shuku.net:8080/novels/mingjwx/udbwxfplrdfe/zzd.html The literary works of Zheng Zhenduo 鄭振鐸文集 (Chinese)]
*[http://www.people.com.cn/GB/14738/14759/21864/2395015.html The Love story between Zheng and Gao (Chinese)]
*[http://www.booker.com.cn/big5/paper20/16/class002000004/hwz118433.htm President of "Pole Raising Club". Zheng Zhenduo 抬杠會長鄭振鐸 (Chinese)]
*[http://dprk-cn.com/zhangya/book/world_library.htm Content of The World's Library edited by Zheng Zhenduo (Chinese)]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zheng, Zhenduo}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese archaeologists]]
[[Category:Yenching University faculty]]
[[Category:Republic of China journalists]]
[[Category:People's Republic of China writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Wenzhou]]
[[Category:Chinese publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Educators from Wenzhou]]
[[Category:Tsinghua University faculty]]
[[Category:Fu Jen Catholic University faculty]]
[[Category:Jinan University faculty]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union]]

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-06-12T15:48:17Z

Sunshine: /* Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[[Zhou Zuoren]],[[Zheng Zhenduo]],[[Shen Yanbing]]--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** Yu Dafu, "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* Mao's claim of Lu Xun

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* Jia Pingwa
* Wang Shuo

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s
[[Media:Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present.ogg]]

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** Mian Mian (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

= Blog, Web and Fan literature =
* Blogs (blog literature?), from web to paper literature
* Ai Weiwei, Han Han, Annie Baobei

= Fan literature =
* Web literature portal qidian.com

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-06-12T15:46:28Z

Sunshine: /* Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[Zhou Zuoren],[Zheng Zhenduo],[Shen Yanbing]--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** Yu Dafu, "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo--[[User:Sunshine|Sunshine]] ([[User talk:Sunshine|talk]]) 15:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* Mao's claim of Lu Xun

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* Jia Pingwa
* Wang Shuo

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s
[[Media:Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present.ogg]]

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** Mian Mian (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

= Blog, Web and Fan literature =
* Blogs (blog literature?), from web to paper literature
* Ai Weiwei, Han Han, Annie Baobei

= Fan literature =
* Web literature portal qidian.com

Talk:Main Page

2016-06-12T15:43:38Z

Sunshine: Blanked the page

Talk:Main Page

2016-06-12T15:40:11Z

Sunshine: Zheng Zhenduo (1898-1958)

Zheng Zhenduo (Cheng Chen-to; December 19, 1898 – October 17, 1958), courtesy name Xidi, was a Chinese journalist, writer, archaeologist and scholar. His pen names were Baofun (寶芬), Guo Yuanxin (郭源新) and CT.

He made a significant contribution towards the establishment of the Chinese literature and the editing of a variety of literary magazines. In 1921, he, Shen Yanbing (沈雁冰) and other classmates organized Wenxue Yanjiu Hui (Literary Study Society 文學研究會). In 1923, he became the chief editor of Fiction Monthly (小說月報). In addition, he in succession participated in editing Min Chao (閩潮), Xin Shehui (新社會), Wenxue xunkan (文學旬刊). In late 1931, he became a professor at both Yenching University and Tsinghua University, the president of Faculty of Arts and the director of Chinese department of Jinan University. He was also the chief editor of Shijie wenku (The World's Library 世界文庫) at the same time. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, he was assigned to be head of the Cultural Relic Bureau (文物局), Director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and literary research institute, the assistant minister of cultural department, committee member of State Council scientific program committee and Chinese Academy of Science philosophical social sciences, the vice-chairman of Chinese folk literature and art research council, etc. He died in a plane crash in the Soviet Union during his journey in 1958.

Contents [hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Family
1.2 Schooling
1.3 Careers throughout his life
1.4 Exile to France
1.5 Return to China
1.6 Cultural Preservation
1.7 Death
2 Journalism
3 Contribution to literature
3.1 Translation
3.2 Literature Union
3.3 Realism
3.4 Classical literature
3.5 Romanticism
4 Works
4.1 Academic
4.2 Novels
4.3 Prose
4.4 Magazines and newspapers
4.5 Chief editing
4.6 Translation works
5 References
6 External links
Biography[edit]
Family[edit]
Zheng Zhenduo was born on 19 December 1898 in Yongjia, Zhejiang Province. His ancestral home was in Changle, Fujian province. He was born in a poor family. Together with two younger sisters, he was raised by his mother because his father and grandfather died when he was still a teenager.

He was named "Zhenduo" (振鐸) by his grandfather. "Zhen" (振) denotes arousing an action and "Duo" (鐸) is a kind of big bell. His grandfather wanted him to ring like a great bell to summon and to arouse people. Besides, his grandfather gave him the childhood name "Mu Guan" (Wooden official 木官).

Schooling[edit]
In 1917, Zheng began studying at the Beijing Railway Management School (北京铁路管理传习所) and graduated in March 1921. Beyond classroom, he read a lot of books and developed an enormous interest in social sciences, Chinese literature and Western literature and thus developed a critical mind. During the May Fourth Movement, he was a student representative, spreading the news of student movements in Beijing. In 1919, he helped publish two magazines called Xin Shehui (新社會 "New Society") and Jiuguo jiangyan zhoukan (救國講演周報 "National Salvation Speeches Weekly").

In January 1921, Zheng Zhenduo and twelve others, including Mao Dun and Ye Shengtao founded the earliest literary society of the New Literature Movement, Wenxue yanjiu hui (Literary Research Association 文學研究會, also known as the Literary Association), which advocated realism and opposed art for art's sake.

Careers throughout his life[edit]
Zheng had been a journalist, a modern writer, archeology and a literature scholar throughout his life.

In May 1921, Zheng helped set up a drama society called Minzhong Xiju She (Demotic opera troupe 民眾戲劇社) with Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Chen Dabei, Ouyang Yuqian, Xiong Foxi and other writers. They published a monthly magazine named Xiju (Drama 戲劇) on 31 May in the same year.

In 1922, Zheng established the first magazine for children, Children's World (兒童世界) In January 1923, he became the chief editor of a monthly magazine of novel, Fiction Monthly (小說月報). After the May 30 Incident in 1925, he helped founding a newspaper called Gongli Ribao (公理日報). From then on, he wrote many books including Zhongguo Wenxue Shi (History of Chinese literature 中國文學史, 1938) and 1943 Diary (1943年日記).

Zheng had been a scholar giving lectures in universities, a researcher of the academy and a journalist since 1931. He taught in the Department of Chinese in Yenching University, in Jinan University from 1935 to 1941 as the Dean of faculty of Arts and in Peking University since 1953. After 1949, he became the Secretary for the Culture Department and Cultural Heritage Department in China.

Exile to France[edit]
In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a sudden attack on thousands of suspected Communists in the area he controlled. Many innocent students and movement activists were killed. Writers, including Zheng, were under political pressure. Therefore, he left his family for France in May 1927. During the years living in Paris, he kept mailing his diary to his wife, which was published as a book named Ouxing Riji (Diary of travels in Europe 歐行日記).

Return to China[edit]
He continued his journalistic career after coming back to China in 1929 and founded Jiuwang Ribao (救亡日報). In October 1945, he founded a weekly magazine called Democracy (民主) to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's pro-US policy and urge people to stop civil wars.

Cultural Preservation[edit]
Due to the invasion of Japanese troops, Shanghai was besieged starting from 1937 and many significant cultural assets were lost. In the light of this, Zheng devoted himself to the rescue and protection of aged Chinese documents and antiques. Chen was a founding member of the Shanghai "Rare Book Preservation Society" and its leader. Disguising himself as a staff member in a stationery store, named Chan Sixun (陳思訓), he managed to save many aged books from damage or loss to the outside world.

Death[edit]
On 18 October 1958, Zheng led national cultural delegates to visit Arabia and Afghanistan. He died in a plane crash in the Chuvashia, Soviet Union during the journey.

Journalism[edit]
Zheng started his journalistic career in the 1920s during the May Fourth Movement. Together with some classmates including Zhong Tao (仲陶), he got a first taste of editing in starting a publication named Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoukan (救國講演周刊). The magazine - being published in Wenzhou for only 6 to 7 times - was closed by the authorities since it enraged a government official.

As one of the founders of a youth magazine, Xin Shehui (新社會), Zheng aimed at criticizing the Beijing government. It began its publication on 1 November 1919, which consisted of four pages. The aims of the magazine was to:

advocate the social service
discuss society problems
introduce social theories
research on common people education
record society matters
criticize society shortcomings
narrate society real states
report news of the organization
Zheng gave many speeches about the student movement in Beijing. On top of criticizing, he wanted to make good use of the New Culture Movement (新文化運動) to publicize and promote new social ideals for the Chinese future development. Chen Duxiu suggested that Xin Shehui could be edited with a more approachable style accepted by the general public. The magazine was finally published on 1 November 1919 throughout China, arousing tides of attention from the public, especially amongst the young readers. However, as Zheng and his co-editors were still inexperienced in editing by that time, the magazine was thought to be immature in editing and too sloganeered. On the hand, the content of the magazine upset the military side of the government. Thus, in one month's time, the government called the publication to a halt.

In addition, he established Wenxue Yanjiu Hui (Literary Study Society 文學研究會) with Mao Dun and Ye Shengtao in November 1920. In January 1923, he took over the position of chief editor of Fiction Monthly from Mao Dun. He was the chief editor on and off for nearly 9 years. He advocated a literary advocacy of "Blood and Tears" and supported a writing style of realism.

In June 1925, he founded a newspaper called Kongli Ribao (公理日報) with Wu Yuzhi and Ye Shengtao in Shanghai. This newspaper was aimed at criticizing the "May Thirtieth Incident" and the rising foreign imperialism in China.

Also, he contributed in various newspapers like Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoubao (救國講演周報) and Xinxue Bao (新學報) to awaken Chinese people from old traditions. These articles were mainly about social issues and the evil deeds of the old traditional practices. Zheng wrote articles from different aspects like the liberation of women, morality, social psychology and the liberation of political power. They all advocated more people to rethink the old values position.

Contribution to literature[edit]
Translation[edit]
Zheng was proficient in foreign languages including English, Russian, Indian languages, Greek and Latin. He did a great job in translating a lot of Russian and Indian literature.

Zheng had started translation of Russian literature since early 20s. His works included the works, paper and preface of Turgenev (1818-1883), Gogol (1809-1852), Chekov (1860-1904), Gorky (1868-1936) and Tolstoy (1828-1910).

Zheng also translated many Indian literature. He mainly translated the poems as well as the Indian ancient-times fable such as Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). Zheng had translated a prominent number of Tagore's poems to Chinese since the 1920s. In October 1922, he published his translation of Stray Birds (飛鳥集). In August 1925, he published The Indian Fable (印度寓言). There were 55 translation works of his in total.

Zheng started his study in Greek and Roman literature in his early age. In 1929, he published The Story of Love (戀愛的故事). Afterwards he translated The Hero Legends of Greek and Roman Myth Legends (希臘羅馬神話傳說中的英雄傳說). Then in 1935, he published a book called The Legends of Greece (希臘神話), which was three to four times thicker than his previous one. After liberation, in the second edition of The Legends of Greece, he introduced Karl Marx's well-known discourse in The Introductory of political and economical criticism (政治經濟批判導言) which was about ancient times mythology to analyze Greek mythology.

Literature Union[edit]
As the previous newspapers and magazines were banned by the government, Zheng believed that a proper established literature union would make things run easier. In January 1921, he established Wenxue Yanjiu Hui (Literary Study Society 文學研究會), which literally means literature research union, with Mao Dun(茅盾), Ye Shengtao (葉紹鈞) and 12 other people in the related field.

The Union's first publication was Wenxue Xunkan (文學旬刊). It was published along with the well known newspaper called Shishi Xinbao (Current events newspaper 時事新報). He revealed the goal of the publication and the literature views of the union. He believed that literature is important and capable to influence the society. It was not merely an era, a place or one's reflection, but it acted as a frontier, which could affect the morality of human beings. Also, he strongly opposed to the old style of Chinese literature, of setting leisure and religions as main themes. He supported the writing of life – one theme in new realism literature approach.

He also expressed his view on the development of Chinese literature. As the connection between the Chinese literature and the world's literature was far too little, the Chinese lofty spirit could not be shared by the rest of the world. He treated that as the Chinese's biggest humiliation. Therefore, he was so devoted in the field of literature, eagered to strive for a higher position of the Chinese literature in the world. Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement, he thought that the major responstility of the Chinese Literature was to inspire youngsters' revolutionary mission in order to strengthen the power of China.

Realism[edit]
Within the May Fourth movement, he adhered the direction of realism for New literature era. He thought literature liked 'mirror of a life'. This means his writing mostly revealed the real faces of societies. Also, he put a lot of emphasis on the importance of creative living. During his long composing and researching career, he showed a fully comprehensive realism of literature. He thought that literature must contribute to "life":

We need the "blood" of literature, "tears" of literature. Both of them will become the trend of Chinese literature; the writing consists of not only "blood" and "tears", but also consists of "literature"; the "blood" and "tears" experience and feeling of author are aesthetic for success in writing.
Literature should consist of the highest ideal of the author, which form the soul of the article, in order to make it meaningful to the readers and the whole of society.

Classical literature[edit]
Starting from the late 1920s, Zheng was teaching Chinese literature History in universities. At that time, he did much in making research in Chinese classical writing. For example, he used his pen name, Bao Fun, to write Yuenqu Xulu (元曲敍錄) in the Novel Monthly (小說月報). Also, he finished editing The History of the Chinese Literature (中國文學史) in 1930.

Romanticism[edit]
Zheng put heavy emphasis on emotional elements in literature, highlighting its importance in distinguishing between literature and science. He advocated that literature functions to instill a passion in the readers' heart. One example was the historical novel, Arrest of the fire stealer (取火者的逮捕).

Works[edit]
Academic[edit]
《中國古代木刻畫選集》 (Zhongguo gu dai mu ke hua xuan ji) (Selected ancient Chinese woodcuts)
《文學大綱》 (Wen xue da gang) (Outline of literature)
《插圖本中國文學史》 (Cha tu ben Zhongguo wen xue shi) (Illustrated history of Chinese literature)
《中國俗文學史》 (Zhongguo su wen xue shi) (History of Chinese popular literature)
《中國文學論集》 (Zhongguo wen xue lun ji) (Essays on Chinese literature)
《俄國文學史略》 (Eguo wen xue shi lüe) (Brief history of Russian literature)
《佝僂集》 (Goulou ji) (Rickets)
《西諦書話》 (Xidi shu hua) (Xidi on books)
《鄭振鐸文集》 (Zheng Zhenduo wen ji) (Collected works of Zheng Zhenduo)
《談〈金瓶梅詞話〉》 (Tan Jin Ping Mei Cihua) (On Plum in the Golden Vase)
《編輯方針與編輯計劃》 (Bianji fangzhen yu bianji jihua) (Editing: policy and plan )
Novels[edit]
《取火者的逮捕》 (Arrest of the fire-stealer)
《桂公塘》 (Gui gong tang)
《家庭的故事》 (Jia Ting de Gu Shi)
Prose[edit]
He wrote more than 20 prose texts and the following are some of the examples:

《中山集記》 (Shan zhong Za Ji)
《海燕》 (Hai Yan)
《避暑會》 (Bei Shu Hui)
《大同》 (Da Tong)
《山市》 (Shan Shi)
《離別》 (Li Bie)
《貓》 (Mao) (Cat)
《歐行日記》 (Ou xing ri ji ) (Diary of Travels in Europe)
《最後一課》 (Zui Hou yi ke)
《月夜之話》 (Rou Ye Ji Hua )
Magazines and newspapers[edit]
新社會 (Xin Shehui) (New Society)
兒童世界 (Children's World)
戲劇 (Xiju)(Drama)
救國講演周刊 (Jiuguo Jiangyan Zhoukan)
小說月報 (Novel Monthly)
新學報 (Xinxue Bao)
時事新報 (Shishi xinbao) (Current events newspaper)
救亡日報 (Jiuwang Ribao)
Chief editing[edit]
《世界文庫》 (Shi jie wen ku) (The World's Library)
《醒世恒言》 (Xingshi hengyan)
《警世通言》 (Jingshi tongyan)
Translation works[edit]
《戀愛的故事》 (The Story of Love)
《飛鳥集》(StrayBird)
《俄國戰曲集》 (The Russian War Collections)
《灰色馬》 (Grey Horse)
《印度寓言》 (The Indian Fable)
《希臘羅馬神話傳說中的英雄傳說》 (The Hero Legends of Greek and Roman Myth Legends)
《希臘神話》 (The Legends of Greece)
《列那狐的歷史》 ( The History of Liena Fox)
References[edit]
Chen, Fukang. (1996). Yi dai cai hua: Zheng Zhenduo zhuan 《一代才華:鄭振鐸傳》 (Biography of Zheng Zhenduo). Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press (上海人民出版社). ISBN 7-208-02371-9
Zheng, Erkang. (1998). Shiliu you hong le: huiyi wo de fuqin Zheng Zhenduo 《石榴又紅了：回憶我的父親鄭振鐸》 (The pomegranates are red again: Remembering my father, Zheng Zhenduo). Beijing: Renmin University Press (人民大學出版社). ISBN 7-300-02848-9
Chen, Fukang. (1997). Ming jia jian zhuan shu xi:Zheng Zhenduo 《名家簡傳書系-鄭振鐸》(Biographies of famous figures: Zheng Zhenduo). Beijing: Zhong guo hua qiao publishing house (中國華僑出版社). ISBN 7-80120-120-5
Zheng, Zhenduo & Zheng, Erkang. (1986). Zhongguo xian dai zuo jia xuan ji - Zheng Zhenduo 《中國現代作家選集 – 鄭振鐸》. (Selected works of modern Chinese authors – Zheng Zhenduo) Hong Kong: San lian shu dian Xianggang fen dian; Beijing: Renmin wenxue Press (人民大學出版社). ISBN 962-04-0476-9
Zheng, Erkang. (2002). Xing yun gao qiu : Zheng Zhenduo zhuan 《星隕高秋 : 鄭振鐸傳》(Star fallen at height of autumn: Biography of Zheng Zhenduo). Beijing: Jinghua Press. ISBN 7-80600-589-7
Lu, Rongchun. (1998). Zheng Zhenduo zhuan (Biography of Zheng Zhenduo) 《鄭振鐸傳》. Fuzhou: Haixia wenyi Press (華廈文藝出版社). ISBN 7-80640-086-9
External links[edit]
A concise biography of Zheng (English)
A description of famous scholar (Chinese)
The literary works of Zheng Zhenduo 鄭振鐸文集 (Chinese)
The Love story between Zheng and Gao (Chinese)
President of "Pole Raising Club". Zheng Zhenduo 抬杠會長鄭振鐸 (Chinese)
Content of The World's Library edited by Zheng Zhenduo (Chinese)

File:The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism .pptx

2016-06-11T09:06:38Z

Sunshine:

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-06-11T07:45:46Z

Sunshine: /* Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Zuoren Zhou Zuoren],[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Zhenduo Zheng Zhenduo],[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Dun Shen Yanbing]
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** Yu Dafu, "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* Mao's claim of Lu Xun

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* Jia Pingwa
* Wang Shuo

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** Mian Mian (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

= Blog, Web and Fan literature =
* Blogs (blog literature?), from web to paper literature
* Ai Weiwei, Han Han, Annie Baobei

= Fan literature =
* Web literature portal qidian.com

Zhou Zuoren

2016-06-11T07:35:28Z

Sunshine:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Zuoren

Zhou Zuoren

2016-06-11T07:21:17Z

Sunshine: Created page with "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Moruo

Modern Chinese Literature

2016-06-11T07:20:01Z

Sunshine: /* Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism */

= Emergence of modern Chinese literature =

= Historical and cultural background late Qing =
* Genre development in China, scholars as authors, Mandarin & Butterfly School
* Cao Xueqin, The Story of the Stone, also known as The Dream of the Red Chamber, 1791, transl. David Hawkes, John Minford

= Encounter with the West, Westernization =
* [[Wu Jianren]]--[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:49, 1 June 2016 (UTC)
** New Story of the Stone, utopian novel
* Liang Qichao, Accounts of the future of new China, utopian fragment
* Secondary Literature:
** Wang, David Derwei. Fin-de-siecle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997.
** Wang, David Derwei. “Translating Modernity.” Pollard, David E., ed. Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840–1918. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1998. 303-330.
** Wang Dun (王敦). “The Late Qing’s Other Utopias: China’s Science-Fictional Imagination, 1900-1910”, in: Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 34.2, September 2008: 37-61
** John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

= May Fourth iconoclasm - Historical and cultural background May Fourth =
* Liang Qichao, Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation, Denton 71-73
* Hu Shi, Some modest proposals for the Reform of Literature, D1996:123-139

= The role of translations and translators =
* Yan Fu
* Lin Shu
* the earliest translations [unpublished ppt presentation_woesler.pptx, paper: woesler_early_translations_of_german_literature_into_chinese_final.doc, paper]
* the selection process and intention of translations

= Discovery of the alienated Self – World Literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 1-185; focus on pages 1-30
* [[Lu Xun (1881-1936)]] Beween activism and self-doubt - the development of Lu Xun [[User:Maranda|Maranda]] 21:14, 11 September 2012 (UTC) and 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
** Lu Xun: Preface to the first collection of Short Stories "Call to arms" 1922 (LG:3-7), A Madman's Diary 1918 (LG:8-16), Kong Yiji 1919 (LG:17-21)
** Further information: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/mad.htm, http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/courses/c503/kong.htm
** "Hometown" http://www.coldbacon.com/writing/luxun-calltoarms.html#Home [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]

= Living to see the Western literary epochs in Chinese time lapse. The Literary societies and May Fourth Romanticism =
* Required reading: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/denton2/publications/research/soc.htm
* Further reading:
**Literary Societies of Republican China. Edited by KIRK A. DENTON and MICHEL HOCKX. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2008. ix, 591 pp.
**Critical Studies:In the Party Spirit: Socialist Realism and Literary Practice in the Soviet Union, East Germany and China,Edited by H.Chung with M.Falchikov,B.S.McDougall and K.McPherson
* Literary Research Society
**[[Zhou Zuoren]],[[Zheng Zhenduo]],[[Shen Yanbing]]
* Crescent Moon Society
**Xu Zhimo's poems 1925-1930 [499-501]
* Creation Society
** Yu Dafu, "Sinking" 1921 [31-55]
** [[Guo Moruo (1892 -1978)]] [[User:DavidSmith|DavidSmith]] 21:40, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
*** Guo Moruo: “The hound of heaven” 1920
*** http://global.britannica.com/biography/Guo-Moruo

= Literature of the 1930s =
*[[Qian Zhongshu (1910 – 1998)]] [[User:Ericaangie]] 13:19, 5 October 2012 (UTC)
** Self-selected excerpts from Qian Zhongshu, [[Fortress besieged]] --[[User:Sunflowertide|Sunflowertide]] ([[User talk:Sunflowertide|talk]]) 10:36, 1 June 2016 (UTC) 1947

= Women writers =
* Literature of the Megacities - The inner life of Shanghainese women writers with a focus on Zhang Ailing
* [[Zhang Ailing]] -- 2012 Corinneb 13:21, 8 October 2012 (UTC) [[User:Mark]] 15:15, 25 May 2016 (UTC)
* [[Ling Shuhua (1900-1990)]] [[User:Mattstrock|Mattstrock]] 21:22, 1 October 2012 (UTC)
* Ling Shuhua, "The Night of Mid-Autumn Festival" [95-102];
*[[ Xiao Hong (1911-1942)]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 03:04, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
* Xiao Hong, "Hands" [161-73]; "On the Oxcart" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[Zhang Jie (born 1937)]][[User:Ericaangie|Ericaangie]] 18:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

= The fall: Authors yoke their literature for a deceiving ideology. Lu Xun’s proud ox bows his head not only for children, but now also for party action =
* Lu Xun’s ambiguous attitude towards taking physical action, towards the impact of literature on society and towards serving an ideology with literature.
* Mao's claim of Lu Xun

= The socialist era, Yan'an Literature and Rectification =
* Mao Zedong, Poems, Talks in Yan'an: Literature and Art for the Masses and the Use of Traditional Forms, 1938, D1996:433-435
* Ding Ling, "When I Was in Hsia Village" [132-46]
* Mao Dun and "Spring Silkworms" [56-73]

= Authors in transition: From Revolutionary Romanticism to Reform Literature =
* [[Wang Meng]] by Maranda 21:45, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
* Wang Meng, Long Live [the] Youth!
* Wang Meng, Hard Porridge, trans. by Chen Zishan
* [[Ba Jin]] [[User:PhilipHarding|PhilipHarding]] 21:43, 4 December 2012 (UTC): Family and the self-censorship in the later edition

= On different paths: Bing Xin, Zhang Jie =
* [[Bing Xin]]
* Zhang Jie: Heavy Wings
* [[Zhang Jie: Kid From The Forest]]

= Chinese Modernism and the Aesthetic =
* McDougall and Louie, 189-321; focus on pages 189-207
* Shi Zhicun, "One Evening in the Rainy Season" [115-24]
* Regional literature
* Shen Congwen, "Xiaoxiao" [82-94]
* "Meijin, Baozi, and the White Kid" [in China: A Traveler's Liteary Companion]

= Post-Revolutionary Literature; Cultural Revolution =
* "Red Detachment of Women" [Film Viewing]

= Post-Mao Literature, Scars and realism, Roots literature =
* McDougall and Louie, 325-448; focus on pages 325-44
* Liu Heng, "Dogshit Food" [366-78]; scars literature
* Yan Lianke, "Black Bristle, White Bristles" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion]
* [[The Scar Literature After "the Cultural Revolution"]]
** Lu Xinhua, Scar

= Master narrators Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingwa, Wang Shuo =
* [[Mo Yan]] 莫言 by Corinne B.
: His story: "Old Gun" [in China: A Traveler's Literary Companion], novel 生死疲勞 "Life and Death are Wearing me out"
* [[Yu Hua]], "Brothers" by David 06:48, 5 December 2012 (UTC) by Jackie(BNU)2016
* Jia Pingwa
* Wang Shuo

= Contemporary Women authors =
* [[Bi Shumin]](毕淑敏), 女儿拳 Women’s boxing, 女心理师 The female psychologist
* [[Yan Geling]](严歌苓），The Flowers of War 金陵十三钗，Little Aunt Crane 小姨多鹤， The Lost Daughter of Happiness 扶桑

= Avant-garde literature and post-socialist present =
----
* [[Avant-garde literature]]
* [[post-socialist present]]
* [[Su Tong]], "[[Escape]]" [445-54];[[Link title]]
* Yu Hua, "[[On the Road at Eighteen]]" [439-44]
** modern Chinese literary life, such as publishing in journals and newspaper supplements, working within literary societies or associations, and dealing with censorship
* Gu Cheng, Mang Ke, Bei Dao: Poets of the Obscure School since the 1980s

= Taiwan literature =
* Zhang Dachun, "Lucky Worries About His Country" (403-416)
* Zhu Tianwen, "Fin de Siècle Splendor" [388-402]

= Longing for something literature I: Historicizing, II: Tibet Exotism =
* [[Historicizing]]
* [[Yu Dan]] 于丹, 《论语》心得 Confucius in your heart, [[Yi Zhongtian]] (易中天)
* [[Alai]]

= Megacity Literature II - Peking and Vagabound Literature =
* Xu Zechen (徐则臣), 跑步穿过中关村 Peking double quick
* Liu Zhenyun (刘震云), 我叫刘跃 The pickpockets

= Between cult and celebrity =
* Cult author Guo Jingming
** Book series "Bestseller"
** [[Guo Jingming]] (郭敬明), 悲伤逆流成河 [[Cry me a sad river]]
* Cult author Mian Mian
** Mian Mian (棉棉), 声名狼籍 Panda Sex

= Critical surrealist Han Han, young authors =
* [[Han Han]] by Matt S.
:Triple door
:His Land

= Blog, Web and Fan literature =
* Blogs (blog literature?), from web to paper literature
* Ai Weiwei, Han Han, Annie Baobei

= Fan literature =
* Web literature portal qidian.com