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China in ten words

2024-02-09T16:49:18Z

Wang Meifen: /* WMF */

The first chapter of "China in ten words"

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人民

我在写下这个词汇的时候，总觉得自己写错了，或者说写得不像是「人民」。我闭上眼睛休息一会儿，睁开眼睛后觉得它有点像了；我再次闭上眼睛，当我再次睁开眼睛时，终于确定自己没有写错。这个词汇就是这样，让我有时候陌生，有时候熟悉。我不知道在今天的汉语里，还有哪个词汇像「人民」这样处境奇怪，它无处不在，同时又被人视而不见。今天的中国，好像只有官员们还在张口闭口说着「人民」，人民却很少提及这个词汇，或者说正在遗忘它。多亏了官员们的唾沫，这个词汇才显示了自己仍然存在。

The people

Whenever I write this word, I feel like I am writing it wrong or that it does not quite capture the essence of “the people”. I close my eyes for a moment to rest, and when I open them again, I think that it does kind of capture the essence. I close my eyes once more, and when I open them, I can finally be sure that I wrote it correctly. This word is just like that; sometimes it is unfamiliar, sometimes — familiar. I do not know if there are any other words in contemporary Chinese that are in such a strange situation, just like “the people”; a word that is everywhere, yet at the same time is ignored. In today's China, it seems that only the officials keep talking about “the people”, whereas the people themselves rarely mention this word or are forgetting it. It is thanks to the officials, that this word still exists.

=WMF=

在过去，这个词汇曾经是那么的显赫。我们的国家叫「中华人民共和国」；毛主席说「为人民服务」；当时最重要的报纸叫《人民日报》；我们这些单个的人民天天说：「一九四九年以后，人民当家作主了。」在我童年的岁月里，「人民」是和「毛主席」一样了不起的词汇，我刚刚认字的时候，最先学会的就是这两个词汇，然后才学会写下自己的名字和父母的名字。年幼的我曾经认为：「人民就是毛主席，毛主席就是人民。」

There is a reflection on the significance of the term "people" in the past, particularly during the time of Chairman Mao's leadership in China. It highlights the prevalence of the term in various aspects of society, such as the country's name, slogans, and daily conversations. The narrator reminisces about how "people" was one of the first words they learned as a child, emphasizing its importance alongside Chairman Mao. The passage suggests a strong association between the concept of "the people" and Chairman Mao during that period.

=AHY=

当时正在经历文化大革命，我得意洋洋地到处宣布自己的发明，我看到很多疑惑的表情，他们似乎觉得我的发明有待商榷，可是没有一个人明确表示反对。那时候人人谨小慎微，只要说错一句话，就有可能成为反革命分子，从而家破人亡。我的父母听到我的发明时也是这样的表情，他们小心翼翼地看着我，拐弯抹角地表示：这句话好像没有说错，可是最好不要再说了。这是我童年里最重要的发明，我舍不得不去说，我继续将它挂在嘴边。有一天我突然为自己的发明找到了证据，那时候流行这样一句话：「毛主席在我们心中。」我发挥了这句话，我说：「每个人民心中都有毛主席，毛主席心中有什么？有我们全部的人民。」所以「人民就是毛主席，毛主席就是人民」。

The fragment highlights the severe consequences of uttering even a single inappropriate word, which could label someone as a counter-revolutionary, potentially leading to the destruction of their entire family. When the boy enthusiastically shared his slogan regarding Chairman Mao with his parents, they reassured him that there was nothing inherently wrong with it, yet cautioned him against repeating it.

=YSY=

我看到疑惑的表情在我们的小镇上逐渐消失，有人开始点头表示同意，有人开始也这么说了。先是我的小伙伴们这么说，接着大人们也这么说。当很多人都在说：人民就是毛主席，毛主席就是人民。我的危机感出来了，革命的年代里是没有专利的，我发现自己作为发明者的身分正在迅速失去。我到处申明：「这句话是我第一个说出来的。」可是没有人对此有兴趣，最后连我身旁的小伙伴们也不承认这句话是我的发明，面对我的据理力争，或者可怜巴巴的哀求，他们个个摇着头说：「大家都这么说。」

Gradually, people started using the narrator's saying regarding Mao. He discovered that others don't know or don't care that he was the first person to say it, even though he tried to explain it to them. They just replied that everybody uses that saying.

=LML=

我开始伤心，甚至后悔莫及，后悔将这个发明公诸于世，我觉得应该将这个“发明永远藏在自己心里，不让任何人知道，独自享用一辈子。则这些年来，西方惊讶中国的巨大变化。历史在中国就像川剧中的变脸，短短三十年，一个政治至上的中国，摇身一变成为了一个金钱至尊的中国。当历史转折的时候，总会出现某个标志性的事件，一九八九年的天安门事件就是如此。北京的大学生走出校门，汇集到了天安门广场，要求民主自由，同时反对官倒。由于政府拒绝与学生对话的强硬立场，学生开始绝食，市民们走上街头声援绝食学生。

=ZYX=

当时市民对「民主自由」其实兴趣不大，吸引他们大规模加入到这个运动中的是「反对官倒」的口号。那时候邓小平倡导的改革开放进入了第十一个年头，虽然改革带来了物价上涨，可是经济稳定增长，生活水平日益提高，农民是改革开放的受益者；九 0 年代工厂的大规模破产倒闭还没有来临，很多人还没有成为受害者。当时的社会矛盾并不突出，不像今天的社会到处燃烧着怒火，当时的社会仅仅是洋溢着怨气，对一些高官的子女们利用国家的资源发财致富不满，这样的不满情绪在反对官倒的口号里聚集了起来。现在看来，当时少数人「官倒」的腐败和今天大规模的五花八门的腐败比较起来实在不算什么。

=KMJ=

从一九九 0 年代以来，中国腐败增长的速度和经济的增长一样惊人。这场席卷中国的如火如荼的群众运动，在六月四日凌晨的枪声里很快安静下来了。同年的十月，我再次去北京大学的时候，已经是截然不同的一番景象了，天黑之后未名湖畔出现了一对一对恋爱的身影，学生宿舍里传出来搓麻将的声音和背诵英文单词的声音。仅仅过去了一个夏天，一切都改变了，仿佛春天的时候什么都没有发生。如此巨大的反差似乎说明了这样一个事实：天安门事件标志着中国人政治热情的一次集中爆发，或者说标志着从文革以来积累起来的政治热情终于一次性地释放干净了。接下来挣钱的热情替代了政治的热情，当万众一心挣钱的时候，一九九 0 年代的经济繁荣自然来到了。

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然后，崭新的词汇铺天盖地而来了。比如经常上网的网民、炒股的股民、购买基金的基民、追星的粉丝、下岗工人、农民工等等，正在支解瓜分「人民」这个业已褪色的词汇。在文革时期，「人民」的定义十分简单，就是「工农兵学商」，这里的「商」不是指商人，是指从事商业工作的人群，比如商店的售货员。我想，一九八九年的天安门事件，就是让「人民」内容脱胎换骨的分水岭，或者说让「人民」进行了资产重组，原有的内容被剥离，新的内容被置换了进去。从文革开始到今天的四十多年，「人民」这个词汇在中国的现实里好像是空的。用现在中国流行的经济术语来说，「人民」只是一个壳资源，不同的时代以不同的内容用它借壳上市。

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一九八九年春天的北京，是一个无政府主义者的天堂。警察突然消失了，大学生和市民自发地承担起了警察的责任，我想，这样的北京也许再也不会出现。共同的目标和共同的愿望，让一个没有警察的城市秩序井然。只要走上街头，你就会感到亲切友好的气息扑面而来，不用买票就可以乘坐地铁和公交车，所有的人都在互相微笑，人和人之间没有了陌生感。我们常见的街头争吵没有了；平日里斤斤计较的小商贩们，免费向游行的人群供应食物和水；退休的老人从他们微薄的银行存款里取出现金，捐给广场上绝食的学生；还有小偷们，他们以偷盗协会的名义发出公告：为了声援绝食学生，停止一切偷盗行为……当时的北京，可以说是一座「四海之内皆兄弟」的城市。

=AKR=

生活在中国的城市里，会有一个强烈的感受：就是人多。可是经历了天安门广场的百万群众大游行之后，你才会真正感受到：中国是世界上人口最多的国家。天安门广场每天都是人山人海的壮观景象。一些从外地赶来的大学生，站在广场的一隅，或者站在街头日复一日地演讲，嗓子哑了，甚至说不出声音了，仍然顽强地说着。围观的人是男女老少，不论是饱经风霜的老者，还是怀抱婴儿的母亲，面对年轻学生稚气的脸，甚至是稚气的话，都是满脸尊重的表情，频频点头和热情鼓掌。也有让我感到滑稽的时候。有一天下午，我来到建国门中国社会科学院的一间昏暗的大屋子里，参加首都知识界联合会的一个聚会，在等待赵紫阳的智囊团成员之一的严家其时，我看到几个人在指责一家报纸的副总编辑，这家报纸刚刚发表了一份首都知识界联合会的声明，这几个人的不满是因为他们在声明中的署名位置太靠后了，在他们前面的署名里有几个人没有他们的名气大。

=JL=

他们责问，为什么把没有什么名气的人放在他们前面？那位倒霉的副总编辑一再解释不是他们的责任，甚至道歉的话也说了，可是这几个人还是不依不挠。直到严家其的出现，这出闹剧才算结束。这是我第一次见到严家其，以后没再见到过他。我清晰地记得那天下午的情景，这位当时能够经常见到赵紫阳的著名学者，心事重重地走进了这间昏暗的大屋子，人们安静下来，严家其带来了一个坏消息，他声音低沉地说：「紫阳住院了。」在当时的政治环境里，政治人物只要是以身体有病的理由住到医院，就意味着失去了权力，或者意味着躲避了起来。严家其带来了赵紫阳住院的消息，那间大屋子里的知识分子们立刻明白发生了什么，有人开始悄悄地溜走，然后这些知识分子就像是落叶在秋风中散落那样离去了。

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天安门事件之后，赵紫阳销声匿迹，直到二 00 五年逝世，新华社才为这位重要的政治人物发布一条简短的新闻：「赵紫阳同志长期患呼吸系统和心血管系统的多种疾病，多次住院治疗，近日病情恶化，经抢救无效，于一月十七日在北京逝世，终年八十五岁。」在中国，就是一位退休的部长去世，官方的报导也比这条新闻丰富得多。这条新闻里没有介绍这位党和国家前领导人的生平，也没有提及遗体告别的日期。可是生活在北京南站的一个上访者的群体，却知道赵紫阳遗体告别的日期。我不知道这个中国社会里最为弱势的「人民」是透过什么渠道获得的，他们自发地组织起来，去向赵紫阳的遗体告别，警察理所当然地将他们拒之门外，因为他们没有遗体告别的准入证，他们就在外面拉开横幅，缅怀和悼念赵紫阳。

=SSM=

这些生活在社会底层的上访者，是中国社会腐败的牺牲品。他们遭受了各种冤屈和欺压，他们曾经满怀希望诉诸法律，希望中国的法官们能够还给他们公正，可是中国司法的腐败让这些人对法律完全绝望了。他们来到北京上访，期望更高级别的官员可以为他们伸张正义。这些人被称为是中国的「司法难民」。中国有一个建立在法律之外的信访制度，让蒙受不同冤屈的人有一个残存的希望，让腐败和司法不公的受害者幻想还有清官的存在。这是中国历史上源远流长的人治传统的影响，人们对清官的期盼超过对法律的信任。这些上访者倾家荡产地东奔西走，梦想着有一天会出现某个清官为自己伸张正义。二 00 四年的时候，中国官方公布的上访案件已经高达一千万起。这些上访者的艰难生活是常人难以想象的，他们忍饥挨饿露宿街头，像乞丐一样被警察到处驱赶，还被少数生活优越的知识分子称之为精神病人。
Petitioners living at the bottom of Chinese society are in a tragic situation. They become victims of societal corruption. At first they were looking for a legal runaway and hoped for justice from Chinese judges, but the corruption within the people in court left them hopeless. Turning to petitioning in Beijing, they seek intervention from higher-ranking officials in the hope of obtaining justice, earning them the label of "judicial refugees." These petitioners, facing poverty, search of a day when an official will protect their cause. As of 2004, official statistics revealed over ten million petitioning cases in China, illustrating that the poor endure hunger, homelessness, and bad treatment form the police ,while being stigmatized by intellectuals as mentally ill.

=YL=

就是这样的一个弱势的「人民」，二 00 五年一月的时候来向赵紫阳的遗体告别了。他们认为赵紫阳是「中国最冤的人」，比他们还冤。他们虽然饱受冤屈，可是还有上访的机会，他们说冤枉的赵紫阳都「无处上访」。五月底我回到浙江，处理完家事，六月三日下午坐上火车返回北京。我躺在硬卧车厢的上铺，听着车轮在铁轨上发出的隆隆响声，车厢里亮起了灯光，我知道黑夜来临了。那时候我觉得这场漫长的学生运动就像马拉松，我不知道什么时候才会结束。可是清晨我醒来的时候，火车接近了北京，我听到车厢里的广播响起，播音员激昂的声音让我明白部队已经进入天安门广场了。

It was exactly these vulnerable "people"who in January 2005 bid farewell to Zhao Ziyang. They thought he was "the most wronged person in China", even more than them. Even though they were wronged, there had always been always a chance to petition, while Zhao Ziyang had "nowhere to go with his petition". I came back to my hometown Zhejiang in late May and after dealing with some family affairs, on June 3rd I got on a train to return to Beijing. I laid on a bunk in a "hard sleeper car", listening to the rumbling of the wheels on the tracks, I only noticed that it was already night when the lights in the car turned on. Right then I thought that this student movement is similar to a marathon, it will last a long while and noone knows when it will end. But when I woke up in the morning, the train was was approaching Beijing, the speakers were turned on, and the voice of the speaker made me realize that the army has entered Tiananmen Square.

=WYX=

六月四日的枪声之后，无论是北京的还是外地来的大学生开始撤离。我清晰地记得那天早晨走出北京站时人山人海的情景，当人们大规模撤离北京时，我却不合时宜地返回了北京。我背着旅行袋茫然地走出火车站前的广场，与蜂拥而来的人群不断相撞，我意识到自己也会马上离开这里。我是六月七日离开的，当时因为上海的一列火车被烧毁，京沪铁路的交通暂时中断，我计划坐火车绕道去武汉，再从武汉坐船回到浙江老家。我们几个人坐在一辆雇来的平板车上，沿着长安街前往北京站。几天前还是沸腾的北京，几天后已是满目冷清的景象，街上几乎没有行人，一些烧毁的汽车还在冒着残存的黑烟，经过建国门立交桥时，一辆坦克驻扎在桥上，炮筒威风凛凛地对着弱不禁风的我们。到了北京站，在拥挤的售票窗口互相推搡，费尽力气终于买到了站票，那时已经没有座位票了，进站时受到执勤军人的严格检查，确定我的脸不像通缉令上所有的人像后，才放我进去。

=TXL=

我从来没有坐过如此拥挤的火车，车厢里全是逃离北京的大学生，人和人挤在一起几乎都没有了缝隙。麻烦的是，火车驶出北京一个小时后，我必须去一趟厕所，我使劲往车厢厕所的方向挤过去，挤到一半的路途时，我知道挤过去也没有用了，我听到有人吼叫着使劲拍打厕所的门，可是厕所里也挤满了人，里面人的喊叫着说门无法打开。我只好将尿憋了三个小时，到了石家庄我立刻下车，出站后先去了一趟厕所，然后找到一个公用电话，给当时石家庄的一家文学杂志的主编打了一个请求援助的电话，这位主编在电话里听完我的讲述之后说：「现在这么乱，你哪里都别去了，住下来给我们写小说吧。」我在石家庄住了一个多月，心猿意马地写着小说。最初的时候，电视上每天都在播出抓到了通缉令上的大学生，而且是以滚动的形式反复播出。这样密集的滚动播出，以后只有在奥运会期间中国运动员拿到金牌时才会出现在电视上。我身处他乡，在陌生的旅馆房间里，看着电视上被捕大学生茫然的表情，听着播音员激昂的声音，我感受到了什么是恐怖。

The Three Body Problem by Liu Cixin

2024-02-09T16:47:23Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ 🪐✩˚₊‧‧₊˚✩ ‧˚₊‧

Author: 刘慈欣 Liu Cixin

Title: 三体 The Three Body Problem

Book series: 地球往事 Remembrance of Earth's Past

Genre: 科幻小说 Science Fiction

Date of publication: 2008

Text in Chinese: https://www.feiku6.com/read/santi/8505669.html

== Book Introduction ==

"The Three-Body Problem" is a science fiction novel by Chinese author Liu Cixin, first published in 2008. It's the first book in the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy. The story begins during China's Cultural Revolution, when a young astrophysicist, disturbed by the humanity's capacity for destruction, sends a message into space, inviting alien civilizations to intervene and take over Earth. Centuries later, the narrative shifts to present-day China, where scientist Wang Miao is recruited to investigate a series of inexplicable deaths among physicists. His investigations lead him to a virtual reality game called "Three Body," which is deeply intertwined with the mystery of the deaths and a global conspiracy.

== Chapter 7: INTRODUCTION ==
In this Chapter the main character - the scientist Wang Miao discovers the "Three Body" game and plays it for the first time. The game serves a significant role in the storyline. It is a virtual reality simulation that involves strategic challenges and puzzles that players must solve. The world of the game is set on an incredibly unwelcome planet, whose harsh conditions make it extremely difficult for humans to survive. The world of the game is very chaotic due to the unpredictable moves of the sun - the sun moves around the planet in a mysterious way, causing irregular seasons, varying from extreme cold to boiling heat. In the Era of Chaos, the temperatures can change rapidly even during one day. In the Era of Stability, the temperatures are good enough for humans to live and build civilization. However, the moves of the sun cannot be predicted, and the players never know when the next Era is about to come, so the civilisation arises and dies over and over again.
Because of these terrifying conditions, players of the game must preserve their bodies by occasional "dehydration" - it is a process in which human body removes all water and becomes a light, human-shaped skin that can be preserved for the good times. When the conditions are good again, humans can be returned to life by "hydrating" their bodies once again. The purpose of the game is to discover the rules of this strange world and its physics, so that there is a way for the civilization to exist peacefully.

== Aleksandra Urbańska ==
汪淼在浏览器的地址栏中输入那个很容易记住的游戏网址：www.threebody.com网页上显示该游戏只支持V装具方式。汪淼想起了纳米中心的职工娱乐室里好像有一套V装具，就走出已经空荡荡的中心实验大厅，去值班室要了钥匙，在娱乐室中穿过一排台球桌和健身器材，在一台电脑旁找到了V装具，费了很大劲才把感应服穿上，然后戴上显示头盔，启动电脑。

启动游戏后，汪淼置身于一片黎明之际的荒原，荒原呈暗褐色，细节看不清楚，远方地平线上有一小片白色的曙光，其余的天空则群星闪烁。一声巨响，两座发着红光的山峰砸落到远方的大地上，整个荒原笼罩在红色光芒之中。被激起的遣天蕞日的尘埃散去后，汪淼看清了那两个顶天立地的大字：三体。

Wang Miao searched this website address (which was quite easy to type): www.threebody.com. There was an information that only people who had V costume could participate. He remembered that the costume was in the Nanotechnology Research Centre. He exited the main lab and went to get the keys from the duty room. In the recreation room he passed some pool tables and exercise equipment, he found the V costume next to the computer.

When he entered the game he was in the middle of a desert, it was the break of dawn. The scenery was kind of brown and blurry, it was hard to see any details. On the horizon there was a small white beam of light, the rest of the sky was covered by blinking stars. Suddenly there was a bang and in the distance two large red mountains crumbled down into earth. The whole wasteland was covered by a red glow. When the dust fell, Wang Miao saw two characters written in the middle of heaven and earth: three bodies.

== Anna Proskura ==
随后出现了个注册界面，汪淼用“海人”这个ID注册，然后成功登录。

荒原依旧，但V装具感应服中的压缩机咝咝地启动了，汪淼感到一股逼人的寒气。前方出现了两个行走的人影，在曙光的背景前呈黑色的剪影……汪淼追了上去，他看到两人都是男性，披着破烂的长袍，外面还裹着一张肮脏的兽皮，都带着一把青铜时代那种又宽又短的剑。其中一人背着一只有他一半高的细长的木箱子，。那人扭头看看汪森，他的脸像那兽皮一样脏和皱，双眼却很有神，眸子映着曙光。“冷啊”他说。

“是。真冷”汪森附和道。

“这是战国时代，我是周文王。”那人说。

After the registration window appeared, Wang created the ID "Hairen" and logged in. It was still the same desert, but the compressors in the V-suit woke up and whirred. Wang felt a chill run through him. Two walking figures appeared directly in front of him, their dark silhouettes looming against the pre-dawn sky. Wang sprinted after them. The strangers were two men who were dressed in long, holey robes with dirty animal skins thrown over them. Each carried a short, broad bronze sword at his side. One of the strangers carried a narrow and long wooden chest behind his back. One of the wanderers said that he was cold, to which the Wang said that he was cold too. And the one who carried the chest said, this is the era of the Battle Kingdoms and he is King Wen of the house of Zhou.

== Asia Zawada ==

“周文王不是战国时代的人吧？”汪淼问。
“他一直活到现在呢，纣王也活着”另一个没背箱子的人说，“我是周文王的追随者，我的ID就叫‘周文王追随者’，他可是个天才。”

“我的ID是‘海人’，”汪淼说，“您背的是什么？”

周文王放下那只长方形木箱，将一个立面象一扇门似的打开。露出里面的五层方格，借着晨曦的微光。汪淼看到每层之间都有高低不等的一小堆细沙，每格中都有从上一格流下的一道涓细的沙流

“沙漏，八小时漏完一次，颠倒三次就是一天。不过我常常忘了颠倒，要靠追随者提醒。”周文王介绍说。
Wang Miao got an answer to his question that still living King Wen and the King Wen of Zhou from the Warring States Period is one and the same and that even has followers with special ID’s. King Wen z Zhou to that put down wooden box and opened the gateway. There were five layers of platforms and from them a fine sand was dripping down. He was informed that it is a hourglass and it takes eight hours for the sand to drop fully. King Wen of Zhou needs his followers to remind him about that.

== Edyta Skorupa ==
“你们好像是在长途旅行，有必要背这么笨重的计时器吗？”

“那怎么计时呢？”

“拿个小型的日晷多方便，或者干脆只看太阳也能知道大概的时间。”

周文王和追随者面面相觑。然后一起盯着汪淼，好像他是个白痴，“太阳？看太阳怎么能知道时间？这可是乱纪元。”

汪森正要询问这个怪异名词的含义，追随者哀鸣道：“真冷啊，冷死我了！”

汪淼也觉得冷，但他不能随便脱下感应服，一般情况下。那样做会被游戏注销ID的。他说：“太阳出来就会暖和些的。”

“你在冒充伟大的先知吗？连周文王都不算先知呢！”追随者冲汪淼不屑地摇摇头。

== Ewa Kopania ==
“这需要先知吗？谁还看不出来太阳一两个小时后就会升起。”汪淼指指天边说。

“这是乱纪元！”追随者说。

“什么是乱纪元？”

“除了恒纪元，都是乱纪元。”周文王说，像回答一个无知孩童的提问。

果然，天边的晨光开始暗下去，很快消失了，夜幕重新笼罩了一切，苍穹星光灿烂。

“原来现在是黄昏不是早晨？”汪淼问。

“是早晨，早晨太阳不一定能升起，这是乱纪元。”

寒冷使汪淼很难受。“看这样子，太阳要很长时间以后才会升出来。”他哆嗉着指指模糊的地平线说。

== Gabriela Krukowska ==
“你怎么又会有这种想法？那可不一定，这是乱纪元。”追随者说着转向周文王，“姬昌，给我些鱼干吃吧。”

“不行！”周文王断然说道，“我也是勉强吃饱，要保证我能走到朝歌，而不是你。”

说话间。汪淼注意到另一个方向的地平线又出现了曙光，他分不清东南西北，但肯定不是上次出现时的方向。

这曙光很快增强，不一会儿，这个世界的太阳升起来了，是一颗蓝色的小太阳，很像增强了亮度的月亮，但还是让汪淼感到了一丝温暖，并看清了大地的细节。但这个白昼很短暂，太阳在地平线上方划了一道浅浅的弧形就落下了，夜色和寒冷又笼罩了一切。

Follower expresses doubt about a certain idea, citing the chaotic era they are in. He then requests food from King Wen of Zhou but is refused. Meanwhile, the protagonist notices another horizon showing signs of dawn, leading to the emergence of a small blue sun that briefly illuminates the land before setting again, plunging everything into darkness and cold once more.

== Julia Dereżyńska ==
三人在一棵枯树前停下，周文王和追随者拔出青铜剑来砍柴，汪淼将碎柴收集到一块。追随者拿出火镰，噼啪、噼啪打了好一阵，升起了一堆火。汪淼的感应服的前胸·部分变暖和了，但背后仍然冰冷。

“烧些脱水者，火才旺呢。”追随者说。

“住嘴！那是纣王干的事！”

“反正路上那些散落的，都破成那样，泡不活了。如果你的理论真能行。别说烧一些，吃一些都成，与那理论相比，几条命算什么。”

“胡说！我们是学者！”

篝火燃尽后，三人继续赶路。由于他们之间交谈很少。系统加快了游戏时间的流逝速度。周文王很快将背上的沙漏翻了六下，转眼间两天过去了。

Three people, Zhou Wen Wang, The Follower and Wang Miao, stopped under a tree. They chopped some wood with their swords and made a fire. The Follower wanted to burn some dehydrated bodies they've seen along the way, but the rest declined, saying that they are scientists. When the fire burned out, they continued their journey.

== Karol Perka ==
太阳还没有升起过一次，甚至天边连曙光的影子都没有。

“看来太阳不会出来了。”汪淼说，同时调出游戏界面来看了一下自己的HP，它正因寒冷而迅速减小。

“你又冒充伟大的先知了……”追随者说，汪淼和他一起说出了后半句，“这是乱纪元！”

这话说完不久，天边真的出现了曙光，并且迅速增强，转眼间太阳就升了起来。汪淼发现这次升起的是一颗大太阳。当它升至一半时，直径占了视野内至少五分之一的地平线。暖流扑面而来，今汪淼心旷神怡，但他看周文王和追随者时，发现他们都一脸惊恐，仿佛魔鬼降临。

“快，找阴凉地儿！”追随者大喊，汪淼跟着他们飞奔。

== Karolina Englert ==
跑到了一处低矮的岩石后面蹲下来。岩石的阴影在渐渐缩短，周围的大地像处于白炽状态般刺眼，脚下的冻土迅速融化，由坚硬如铁变成泥泞一片，热浪滚滚。汪淼很快出汗了。当大太阳升到头顶正上方时，三人用兽皮蒙住头，强光仍如利箭般从所有缝隙和孔洞中射进来。三人绕着岩石挪到另一边，躲进那边刚刚出现的阴影中……
太阳落山后，空气依然异常闷热，大汗淋漓的三人坐在岩石上，追随者沮丧地说：“乱纪元旅行，真是在地狱里走路。我受不了了；再说我也没吃的了，你不分我些鱼干，又不让吃脱水者，唉——”

“那你只能脱水了。”周文王说，一手用兽皮扇着风。

Three individuals seek refuge from the scorching sun behind a rock. As they wait for the sun to set, one of them complains about the hardships of traveling during chaotic times and the lack of food. Zhou Wenwang suggests the complaining individual becomes dehydrated since there's no other food available.

== Lena Rzeźnikowska ==
“脱水以后，你不会扔下我吧？”

“当然不会。我保证把你带到朝歌。”

追随者脱下了被汗水浸湿的长袍，赤身躺到泥地上。在落日的余晖中，汪淼看到追随者身上的汗水突然增加了，他很快知道那不是出汗，这人身体内的水分正在被彻底排出，这些水在沙地上形成了几条小小的溪流，追随者的整个躯体如一根熔化的蜡烛在变软变薄……十分钟后水排完了，那躯体化为一张人形的软皮一动不动地铺在泥地上，面部的五官都模糊不清了。

“他死了吗？”汪淼问。他想起来了，一路上不时看到有这样的人形软皮，有的已破损不全，那就是不久前追随者想要用来烧火的脱水者。

The follower was dehydrated. He said he was concerned about being abandoned. A response assured him that he’ll be taken by Chao Ge. The follower removed his robe and laid naked on the muddy ground. The sun was setting, Wang Miao noticed that he was sweating more and more. Then he realized it’s not his sweat but water form the follower’s body. The expelled water appeared as small streams on the ground. Ten minutes after the follower’s body changed into a lifeless, thin and soft skin lying on the mud, his face was all blurry. Wang Miao questioned if the follower really had died, he also remembered that he had already seen similar dehydrated figures on their journey. Some of them were damaged and used for making fire.

== Malwina Filipowicz ==
“没有。”周文王说着，将追随者变成的软皮拎起来，拍了拍上面的土，放到岩石上将他（它）卷起来，就像卷一只放了气的皮球一般，“在水里泡一会儿，他就会恢复原状活过来，就像泡干蘑菇那样。”

“他的骨骼也变软了？”

“是的，都成了干纤维，这样便于携带。”

“这个世界中的每个人都能脱水吗？”

“当然，你也能，要不，在乱纪元是活不下去的。”周文王将卷好的追随者递给汪淼，“你带着他吧，扔到路上不是被人烧了，就是吃了。”

汪淼接过软皮，很轻的一小卷，用胳膊夹着倒也没有什么异样的感觉。

"No" said Zhou Wen Wang. He lifted the skin, dusted off the dirt and mud, then spread it on the rock and wrapped up like a deflated baloon.
"If we soak him in water he will go back his previous form. It's like soaking dried mushrooms".
"His bones soften too?"
"Yes, it turned into fiber so it's easy to carry."
"Can everyone in this world be dried up and soaked?"
"Of course, you too. Otherwise we wouldn't survive the era of chaos." Zhou Wen Wang handed the rolled up follower to the Wang.
"Carry him. If you leave him on the rod he will be burned or eaten."
Wang took the soft skin, very small roll, and carried it under his arm. It didn't seem weird.

== Natalia Gloc ==
汪淼夹着脱水的追随者，周文王背着沙漏，两人继续着艰难的旅程。同前几天一样，这个世界中的太阳运行得完全没有规律，在连续几个严寒的长夜后，可能会突然出现一个酷热的白天，或者相反。两人相依为命，在篝火边抵御严寒，泡在湖水中度过酷热。好在游戏时间可以加快，一个月可以在半小时内过完，这使得乱纪元的旅程还是可以忍受的。

这天，漫漫长夜已延续了近一个星期（按沙漏计时），周文王突然指着夜空欢呼起来：“飞星！飞星！两颗飞星！！”

其实，汪淼之前就注意到那种奇怪的天体，它比星星大，能显出乒乓球大小的圆盘形状，运行速度很快，肉眼能明显地看到它在星空中移动，只是这次出现了两个。

== Paweł Andraszak ==
周文王解释说：“两颗飞星出现，恒纪元就要开始了！”

“以前看到过的。”

“那只有一个。”

“最多只有两个吗？”

“不，有时会有三个，但不会再多了。”

“三颗飞星出现，是不是预示着更美好的纪元？”

周文王用充满恐惧的眼神瞪了汪淼一眼，“你在说什么呀。三颗飞星……祈祷它不要出现吧。”

周文王的话没错，他们向往的恒纪元很快开始了，太阳升起落下开始变得有规律，一个昼夜渐渐固定在十八小时左右，日夜有规律的交替使天气变得暖和了一些。

“恒纪元能持续多长时间？”汪淼问。

This part is a dialogue between Wang and King Wen. They talk about what a specific number of shooting stars portends. Following the appearance of two shooting stars, an era of stability began. The day and night cycle became more stable, the weather was milder.

== Wiktoria Wolny ==
“一天或一个世纪，每次多长谁都说不准。”周文王坐在沙漏上，仰头看着正午的太阳，“据记载，西周曾有过长达两个世纪的恒纪元，唉，生在那个时代的人有福啊。”

“那乱纪元会持续多长时间呢？”

“不是说过嘛，除了恒纪元都是乱纪元，两者互为对方的间隙。”

“那就是说，这是一个全无规律的混乱世界？！”

“是的。文明只能在较长的气候温暖的恒纪元里发展。大部分时间里，人类集体脱水存贮起来，当较长的恒纪元到来时，再集体浸泡复活，生产和建设。”

King Wen says that how long the current era of stability will last is unpredictable, as it may last only a day or may last a century. He also mentions that during the Western Zhou Dynasty, this era lasted as long as 200 years. Wang then asks how long the era of chaos lasts, to which King Wen replies that any time that is not an era of stability is an era of chaos. He also emphasizes the importance of the era of stability for the development of civilization.

== Zyta Rydz ==
“那怎样预知每个恒纪元到来的时间和长短呢？”

“做不到，从来没有做到过。当恒纪元到来时，国家是否浸泡取决于大王的直觉，常常是：浸泡复活了，庄稼种下了，城镇开始修筑，生活刚刚开始，恒纪元就结束了，严寒和酷热就毁灭了一切。”周文王说到这里，一手指向汪淼，双眼变得炯炯有神，“好了，你已经知道了这个游戏的目标：就是运用我们的智力和悟性，分析研究各种现象，掌握太阳运行的规律，文明的生存就维系于此。”

“在我看来太阳运行根本就没有规律。”

“那是因为你没能悟出世界的本原。”

Zhou Wenwang says predicting Eternal Eras is impossible; prosperity depends on the king's intuition. Understanding the sun's movements is crucial for civilization's survival. Wang Miao disagrees, and Zhou attributes this to a lack of understanding of the world.

The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation

2024-02-09T16:45:01Z

Wang Meifen: /* WMF */

== Introduction ==

Author:墨香铜臭 MoXiang TongXiu

Title:魔道祖师 The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation

Full novel: https://www.zhenhunxiaoshuo.com/modaozushi/

Presentation:[[Media:The Grandmaster of Cultivation.pptx]]

== Summary ==

The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation is a web novel written by an anonymous writer with an alias MoXiang TongXiu. It is a fantasy historical novel with many plot lines and twists. It focuses on the story of the main character, Wei Wuxian, who after experiencing war, torture and loss begins his journey with the new cultivation method for which he was in the end killed. The story is divided into two parts: Wei Wuxian’s first and second life. The first one is focused on main character’s journey through moral dilemmas while facing an enemy. This storyline occurs when the main characters are still learning the ways of Cultivation as teenagers, and focuses on the Wen Sect growing in power and trying to control/dominate the other Sects. The second part which occurs after his reincarnation, 16 years after his death, shows the main character (after his reincarnation) along with his partner, Lan Wangji, solving a case of mysterious murder and uncovering sudden political and internal schemes. The novel is quite complex thanks to the huge amount of characters and plotlines, moral dilemmas and compelling villains.

== Translation==

Below there are chapters 1 and 78. Chapter 1 showcases the overall plot from the outsider point of view, Chapter 78 shows the same/close scene from the perspective of the mian character (not ACTUALLY his point of view though).

Translation help:

Sects:
Gusu Lan 姑苏蓝氏
Mingshan Wen 岐山温氏

Wei WuXian 魏无羡 = Wei Ying 魏婴, Yiling Patriarch 夷陵老祖, Xianxian 羡羡

Lan Wangji 蓝忘机= Lan Zhan 蓝湛, Hanguang-Jun 含光君

Other:

Chenqing 陈情 (flute)

Stygian Tiger Amulet 阴虎符

== ZYX ==
(第1章 CHAPTER 1)

“魏无羡死了。大快人心！”
乱葬岗大围剿刚刚结束，未及第二日，这个消息便插翅一般飞遍了整个修真界，比之当初战火蔓延的速度有过之而无不及。
一时之间，无论是世家名门，还是山野散修，人人都在议论此次由四大玄门世家联率、大小百家参与混战的围剿行动。
“好好好，果然是大快人心！手刃这夷陵老祖的是哪位名士英豪？”
“还能是谁。他师弟小江宗主江澄呗，云梦江氏、兰陵金氏、姑苏蓝氏、清河聂氏四大家族打头阵，大义灭亲，把魏无羡那老巢‘乱葬岗’一锅端了。”
“我得说句公道话：杀得好。”
立即有人抚掌亮声应和：“不错，杀得好！要不是云梦江氏收养他栽培他，他魏婴这辈子就是个混迹乡野市井的庸徒……还谈什么别的。原先的江宗主可是把他当亲儿子在养，他倒好，公然叛逃，与百家为敌，丢尽了云梦江氏的脸，还害得江家几乎满门惨死。什么叫忘恩负义白眼狼？这就是！”
“江澄居然就让这厮嚣张了这么久，换了是我，当初魏某人叛逃时就不是只捅他一刀，而是直接清理门户，否则他也没机会做出后来那些丧心病狂之事。对这种人，还讲什么同门同修青梅竹马的情面。”
“可我听到的不是这样的啊？魏婴不是因为自己修炼邪术遭受反噬、受手下鬼将撕咬蚕食而死的吗？听说活活被咬碎成了齑粉呢。”

People are happy that Wei Wuxian is dead and they are trying to guess who could have killed him. One of the people suggests that it was Jiang Cheng, who led the Four Great Clans – the Yunmeng Jiang, Lanling Jin, Gusu Lan, and Qinghe Nie and, sacrificing brotherly ties for the sake of a great goal, destroyed the lair of the YiLing Patriarch - The Burial Mounds. People also say that Wei Wuxian’s death is fair, because only thanks to the Yunmeng Jiang Clan he stopped being a tramp, and instead of being grateful, he betrayed the clan and chose the path of darkness.

== JL ==

“哈哈哈哈……这就叫现世报。我早就想说了，他养的那批鬼将就像一群没拴好的疯狗到处咬人，最后咬死自己，活该！”
“话虽如此，可此次围剿乱葬岗，若不是小江宗主依夷陵老祖的弱点拟定计划，成功与否还难说呢。你们可别忘了魏无羡手上有什么东西，当初一晚上三千多个成名修士是怎么全军覆没的。”
“不是五千吗？”
“三千五千都差不多。我觉得五千更有可能。”
“果真丧心病狂……”
“他死之前毁掉了阴虎符，倒也算积了点阴德，否则留下那鬼东西继续贻害人间，更加罪孽深重喽。”
“阴虎符”三字一出，忽然一阵静默，似乎都在顾忌着什么。
片刻之后，一人慨叹道：
“哎……要说这魏无羡，当年也是仙门之中极富盛名的世家公子，并非不曾有过佳迹。年少成名，何等风光恣意……究竟他是怎么走到这一步的……”
话题转移，议论声又纷纷然起来。
“由此可见，修炼终归是非走正统路子不可。邪魔歪道，一时风光无限，好像很嚣张很了不起？嘿，最后是什么下场？”
掷地有声：“死无全尸！”
“也不全是修炼之道害的，归根结底还是魏无羡此人人品太差，天怒人怨啊。所谓善恶终有报，天道好轮回……”....
There is a converstation. One person is happy and the fate serves Wei Wuxian right. The other stops unnecessary boasting because even careful preparation could not stop huge casualties on their part. They discuss that number of casualties, five thousand or three thousand, means virtually the same, that it is too high. They discuss the fact that Wei Wuxian destroyed talisman YinHu and accumulated some of the Yin energy. The name of the talisman brought silence around speakers. One person breaks it stating that Wei Wuxian was once a respectful person. They discuss why this changed occurred and what might happen to him after death.

== AD ==

身死之后，盖棺定论。所论内容大同小异，偶有微弱的异声，也会立刻被压了下去。
只是每个人的心头都还有一缕阴霾挥之不去。
虽说夷陵老祖魏无羡已身死乱葬岗，但事成之后，却无法召唤他的残魂。
他的魂魄，也许是在被万鬼吞噬之时一同被分食了，又也许是逃逸了。

若是前者，自然皆大欢喜普天同庆。然而，夷陵老祖有翻天灭地、移山倒海之能——至少传闻中是这样的，他若要抗拒召魂，也不是什么难事。一旦他来日元神复位，夺舍重生，届时，玄门百家甚至整个人间必将迎来更加丧心病狂的报复和诅咒，陷入暗无天日和腥风血雨之中。
因此，将一百二十座镇山石兽压在乱葬岗顶后，各大家族开始进行频繁的召魂仪式，同时严查夺舍，搜集各地异象，全力警戒。
第一年，风平浪静。
第二年，风平浪静。
第三年，风平浪静。
……
第十三年，依然风平浪静。
至此，终于越来越多的人相信，也许魏无羡也没那么了不起，也许他真的神魂俱灭了。
纵使曾经翻手为云覆手雨，也终归有一日成为被翻覆的那一个。
没有人会被永远奉在神坛之上，传说也仅仅只是传说而已。

== AX ==
(第78章 CHAPTER 78)

这群人原本以为自己一定会惨死夷陵老祖之手, 然后沦为被他操纵的行尸走肉，个个惊恐万状, 谁知, 魏无羡并没有兴趣和他们多作纠缠，看完告示之后，把这群人扔在地上，这便负手离开了。
他没有收回那些阴灵, 满地呼痛的继续哀哀呼痛, 哼唧的继续蠕动哼唧，全都爬不起来。
不知过了多久, 忽然一道蓝色剑光掠过, 众人顿感背上一轻。有人惊呼道：“我能动了！”
几人率先勉强爬起身，只见那道蓝色剑光飞回, 收入一人鞘中。
那人是个极为年轻的俊雅男子, 白衣抹额, 面容冷肃, 眉目间似乎带着一缕压抑的忧色, 行来极快, 却分毫不显急态, 连衣袂也未曾翻飞。
那名摔断了双腿的修士忍痛道：“含……含光君！”纳尼亚传奇小说
蓝忘机走到他身边, 蹲下来按了按他的腿, 探明了伤势, 并不十分严重，起身还未说话, 那名修士又道：“含光君，您来得迟了，魏无羡刚走！”
不少人都知道，这几日姑苏蓝氏的含光君在到处追查魏无羡的下落，多半是要拿他算账，讨还姑苏蓝氏那数十条白白折了的人命，忙道：“是啊，他才走了不到半个时辰！”
蓝忘机道：“他做了什么。去向何处。”
众人连忙诉苦：“他不分青红皂白，将我们打杀一通，险些把我们当场全部杀死！”
蓝忘机藏在雪白宽袖之下的手指微微抽动，似乎想握成拳，却很快放开了。
那名修士连忙又道：“不过他放话了，他现在要去不夜天城，去誓师大会找四大家族算账！”

== TXL ==

岐山温氏覆灭之后，不夜天城的主殿群便沦为了一座华丽而空洞的废墟。
坐落于整座不夜天城最高处的炎阳烈焰殿前，有一个宽阔无比的广场。从前有三支冲天而起的旗杆立于广场最前端，如今，其中两支都已经折断了，剩下的一支，挂的是一面被撕得破破烂烂，还涂满了鲜血的炎阳烈焰旗。
此夜，广场上密密麻麻列满了大大小小各家族的方阵，每个家族的家纹锦旗都在夜风中猎猎飘动。断旗杆前是一座临时设立的祭台，各个家族的家主站在自家方阵之前，由金光瑶为他们每人依次送上一杯酒。尽数接过酒盏后，众位家主将之高高举起，再酹于地面。
酒洒入土，金光善肃然道：“不问何族，不分何姓。这杯酒，祭死去的世家烈士们。”
聂明玦道：“英魂长存。”
蓝曦臣道：“愿安息。”
江澄则是阴沉着面容，倾完了酒也一语不发。
接下来，金光瑶又从兰陵金氏的方阵之中走出，双手呈上了一只黑色的方形铁盒。金光善单手拿起那只铁盒，高高举起，喝道：“温氏余孽焚灰在此！”
说完，他运转灵力，将铁盒赤手震裂。黑色铁盒碎为数片，无数白色的灰末纷纷扬扬撒于凄冷的夜风之中。

== WMF ==

挫骨扬灰！
人群中爆发出一阵欢呼喝彩之声。金光善举起双手，示意众人安静，听他讲话。等到叫好声渐渐平息，他又高声道：“今夜，被挫骨扬灰的，是温党余孽中的两名为首者。而明日！就会是剩下的所有温狗，还有——夷陵老祖，魏婴！”
忽然，一声低笑打断了他慷慨激昂的陈词。
这声低笑响起得太不是时候，突兀又刺耳，众人立即刷刷地朝声音传来之处望去。
炎阳烈焰殿是一座宏伟的大殿，共有十二条屋脊，每条屋脊之末各设有八只神兽。而此时，众人发觉，其中一条屋脊上，竟然有九只，方才那声低笑，就是从那边发出来的！
那只多出来的脊兽微微一动，下一刻，一只靴子和一片黑色衣角便从屋檐上垂了下来，轻轻晃荡。
所有人的手都压到了剑柄上，江澄的瞳孔一缩，手背青筋突起。金光善惊恨交加，道：“魏婴！你胆敢出现在此！”
那人开口说话，果然是魏无羡的声音，听起来很是奇怪：“我为什么不敢出现在此？你们这些人加起来，有三千么？别忘了当年在射日之征里，别说三千，五千人我也单挑过。而且我出现在这里，岂不正合你们的意？省得劳你们明天还要特地找上门去把我挫骨扬灰。”
清河聂氏也有数名门生丧生于发狂的温宁之手，聂明玦冷冷地道：“竖子嚣张。”

Jin Guangshan addresses a crowd, declaring the punishment of individuals associated with the Wen faction. Suddenly, Wei Wuxian, believed to be dead, appears, causing shock and tension among the crowd. He challenges their authority and boasts of his past feats, leading to a confrontation with Jiang Cheng and Nie Mingjue. This sets the stage for further conflict and reveals underlying power struggles within the story's setting.

==YSY==

魏无羡道：“我岂非一直如此嚣张？金宗主，自己打自己的脸，痛快么？说只要温氏姐弟去金麟台给你们请罪这件事便揭过的是谁？刚才口口声声说明天要把我和其他温党余孽挫骨扬灰的又是谁？”
金光善道：“一码归一码！穷奇道截杀你屠杀我兰陵金氏子弟一百余人，这是一码。你纵温宁金麟台行凶，这又是另……”
魏无羡道：“那么敢问金宗主，穷奇道截杀，截的是谁？杀的又是谁？主谋者是谁？中计者又是谁？归根结底，先来招惹我的，究竟是谁？！”
那些站在方阵之中的门生们藏身于人山人海，倍感安全，纷纷壮起了胆子，隔空喊话道：“即便是金子勋先设计截杀你，你也断不应该下这么大狠手，杀伤那么多条人命！”
“哦。”魏无羡替他分析道：“他要杀我，可以不用顾忌下死手，我死了算我倒霉。我自保就必须要顾忌不能伤这个不能伤那个，不能掉他一根头发了？总而言之，就是你们围攻我可以，我反击就不行，对不对？”
姚宗主扬声道：“反击？那一百多人和金麟台上的三十多人是无辜的，你反击为何要连累他们！”
魏无羡道：“那乱葬岗上的五十多名温家修士也是无辜的啊，你们又为何要连累他们？”
另一人啐道：“温狗究竟给了你什么大恩大德？这样向着这群杂碎。”
“我看根本没有甚么大恩大德。只是他自以为是个和全世界作对的英雄，自以为在做一件义举，觉得冒天下之大不韪的自己很伟大罢了！”

Wei Wuxian and people from sects present at the meeting are arguing about an incidents that happened at the Jinlin Tower and Qiongqi Path. There were a lot of casualties in both incidents and the men are blaming Wei Wuxian for killing a lot of people, while he says that he was defending himself after being ambushed and schemed against. He also brought up 50 cultivators on the Burial Mound. Someone asked him why he's on their side, what virtue and kindness have they shown to him, one of the people replied that they haven't shown any, Wei Wuxian just thinks he's a lone hero fighting against the world, bringing justice and being an impressive person.

== KMJ ==

听了这一句，魏无羡却沉默了。三体小说
下方众人将他的沉默当作退缩，道：“归根结底，还不是你对金子勋下那种卑鄙阴损的恶咒在先！”
魏无羡道：“请问你究竟有什么证据，证明恶咒是我下的？”
发问那人哑口无言，噎了噎，道：“那你又有什么证据，证明不是你下的？”
魏无羡笑了：“那我再请问，为什么不是你？你不也没证据证明不是你下的恶咒吗？”
那人又惊又怒：“我？我怎么会和你一样？休要混淆是非胡搅蛮缠！你的嫌疑最大，你以为我们不知道吗，你和金子勋一年多以前就结过怨！”
魏无羡森然道：“究竟胡搅蛮缠的是谁？对啊，我若想杀他，一年多以前就杀了，用不着留到现在。不然他这种角色，要不了一年，我三天就忘了。”
姚宗主震惊了：“……魏无羡啊魏无羡，我今天算是长见识了，我真是从未见过你这样无理的恶徒……把人杀死之后，还要言辞侮辱，恶语相向。你莫非就没有半点同情之心、愧疚之情？”
骂声一片，魏无羡却安然受之。
唯有愤怒，才能把他心中其他的情绪压下去。
一名站在方阵较前列的修士痛心疾首道：“魏婴，你太让我失望了。亏我当初还曾经仰慕钦佩过你，还说过你好歹是开宗立派的一代人物。如今想来，真是几欲作呕。从此刻开始起，我与你势不两立！”
Wei Wuxian is being accused of cursing someone. There's a disscussion going back and forth between him and the person asking questions. They argue that there's no proof of that, and if not having a proof of innocence is also a reason to think someone is guilty then aren't they both guilty? Suzerain Yao also thinks Wei Wuxian is guilty and scolds him for not having respect for the dead.

== AKR ==

闻言，魏无羡先是一怔，随即爆发出一阵狂笑：“哈哈哈哈……”
他笑得几乎喘不过气了，道：“你仰慕我？你说你仰慕我，那为何你仰慕我的时候我没见过你？而我一人人喊打，你就跳出来摇旗呐喊？”
魏无羡眼角笑出了眼泪，道：“你这仰慕，未免也太廉价了。你说你从此与我势不两立，很好，你的势不两立抑或不共戴天，对我有任何影响吗？你的仰慕和憎恶，都如此微不足道，怎好意思拿出来叫嚣？”
话音未落，他喉咙忽然一噎，胸口传来一阵突如其来的闷痛。
低头一看，一只羽箭正正插在他胸口，箭头埋入了两条肋骨之中。
他朝羽箭射来的方向望去。射出这一箭的，是一个眉清目秀的少年修士，站在一个小家族的方阵之中，兀自维持着姿势，弓弦犹在颤抖。
魏无羡看得出来，这只箭，原本是直冲他心口致命之处射来的。只是射箭人技艺不精，箭势在半空中衰落，这才偏下了心脏部位，射入了肋骨之中。
那射箭人身旁的人都目光惊愕、甚至惊恐地看着做出了这种鲁莽举动的这名同门。魏无羡抬起头，脸现煞气，反手拔下这只羽箭，用力掷了回去。只听一声惨呼，那名偷射他的年轻修士，竟然就这样被他徒手掷回的一箭插中了胸口！
他身旁另一名少年扑到他身上，嚎啕道：“哥！哥！”

Wei Wuxian laughs cynically when someone claims to admire him but takes no action to support him. Suddenly, an arrow strikes his chest, aimed by a young cultivator who then gets hit by the arrow thrown back by Wei Wuxian.

== SSM ==

那个家族的方阵瞬间乱了套，家主伸出颤抖的手指着魏无羡道：“你……你……你好狠毒！”
魏无羡右手随便在胸膛的伤口处按了按，暂时止住血，漠然道：“什么叫狠毒？他既然敢偷袭射我这一箭，就该料到万一没射中会是什么下场。既然都叫我邪魔歪道了，总不至于指望我宽宏大量地不和他计较。”
金光善呼道：“布阵，布阵！今天绝不能让他活着离开这里！”
一声令下，对峙局面终于被打破，数名门生御剑持弓，向着大殿上方包抄过去。
终于先动手了！
魏无羡冷笑着将腰间陈情取了下来，举到唇边，随着笛子发出尖锐的嘶鸣，不夜天城广场的地面之上，一只只惨白的手臂破土而出！
一具具尸体顶破白石铺就的细墁地面，从泥土深处爬了出来。有御剑刚刚离地的，立即被他们拖了下来。
魏无羡站在炎阳烈焰殿的屋脊之上，竹笛横吹，双目在夜色中闪闪发出冷光。俯瞰下方，各家服饰犹如五颜六色沸腾不止的水，翻搅不止，时而四散，时而又聚拢。除了云梦江氏的方阵那边无恙，其他家族尽皆大乱，各个家主都忙着护住自己的门生，一时都无暇去攻击魏无羡。
正在此时，一道泠泠的琴音扰乱了陈情的笛音。
魏无羡放下陈情，回头望去。只见一人坐在另一条屋脊上，横琴于前，一袭雪白的衣衫在黑夜中有些刺目。

The family is in chaos. The head of the family pointed a finger at Wei Wuxian, accusing him of being too strict and heartless. Wei Wuxian was unmoved and responded that his actions were justified since he was attacked first. As the situation escalated, disciples were ordered to surround the hall and confront Wei Wuxian. Taking out his flute, Wei Wuxian summoned reanimated corpses from the ground, causing panic among the other families. In the tragedy, a soothing melody from a distant qin disrupted the flute music. Turning around, Wei Wuxian saw a figure in white clothing sitting on another roof, playing the qin.

== LML ==

魏无羡冷声道：“啊，蓝湛。”
打完招呼过后，他又将笛子举到唇边，道：“从前你就该知道了，清心音对我没用！”
蓝忘机翻琴上背，改为抽出避尘，直冲陈情袭去，要斩断这支催生出魔音的鬼笛。魏无羡旋身一错，哈哈大笑道：“好好好，我就知道，终有一天咱们要这样真刀实枪地杀一场。横竖你从来都看我不顺眼，来啊！”
听了这句话，蓝忘机的动作顿了顿，道：“魏婴！”
这一声虽然是喝出来的，可是，换了任何一个清醒的人来听，都会听出来，蓝忘机的声音分明在颤抖。然而，魏无羡此刻已经失去判断能力了。他已然半是疯狂，半神智不清，一切恶意都被他无限放大，只觉得世界上所有人都恨他，他也恨所有人。谁来都不怕，谁来都一样，也不过如此。
忽然，在一片厮杀声中，魏无羡听到了一个细微的声音。
那声音在喊：“阿羡！”
这个声音犹如一盆冷水，将他心头狂飙的邪火浇了个透心凉。
江厌离？
她是什么时候来了誓师大会的？！
魏无羡登时魂飞魄散，顾不上再和蓝忘机相斗，放下陈情：“师姐？！”
江澄也听到了这个声音，刹那间脸色煞白，道：“姐？姐！你在哪里？你在哪里？”
魏无羡跳下了炎阳烈焰殿的屋脊，和江澄一样声嘶力竭地大喊：“师姐？师姐？你在哪里？你在哪里？我看不到你！”

== PMJ ==

他顾不得数道冲他逼来的刀光剑影，在混乱的人群之中一边掌劈拳打，一边急急奔走，忽然，看到江厌离白色的身影被淹没在人群之后，魏无羡奋力地拨开挡路之人，艰难前行。他们之间还隔着不少距离，隔着无数人，一时半会儿魏无羡根本冲不过去，江澄也冲不过去。更糟的是，恰在此时，两人都忽然发觉，江厌离身后，摇摇晃晃地站起了一具凶尸。
那凶尸躯体腐烂了一半，手中拖着一把生锈的长剑，正在朝江厌离靠近。
看到这令人肝胆俱裂的一幕，魏无羡厉声喝道：“滚开！给我滚开！别碰她！”
江澄也咆哮道：“让它滚！”
他掷出了三毒，紫色的剑光冲那具凶尸飞去，然而，剑光在半路就被其他修士的剑光干扰了，偏离了方向。魏无羡心神越紊乱，控制能力就越差，那具凶尸无视他的指令，反而扬起了手中长剑，朝江厌离劈去！
魏无羡疯了，边冲边喊道：“停下来，停下来，给我停下来！”
现在人人都在忙着对付自己身边纠缠的凶尸，根本没有谁还有心思注意别人是不是危在旦夕。那具凶尸一剑劈下，划开了江厌离的背部！
江厌离一下子摔倒在了地上。
那凶尸站在她背后，继续扬起了长剑。正在这时，一道剑光削飞了它的半个身躯！
蓝忘机落在广场之上，顺手接过回召的避尘，魏无羡和江澄这才冲了过去，连感谢都顾不上对蓝忘机说。江澄抢先抱起江厌离，蓝忘机则截住了魏无羡，抓住他的衣领，提到面前，厉声道：“魏婴！停止催动尸群！”

==AHY==

魏无羡眼下根本顾不上别的事，眼中也完全没有蓝忘机的脸，更看不到蓝忘机眼中的血丝，也看不到他发红的眼眶，只想去看江厌离有事没有，赤着眼睛拨开他，扑到地上。蓝忘机被他推得身形一晃，站稳了看着他，还没下一步动作，忽听远处又有人惨叫呼救，敛了目光，飞身前去救援。
江厌离的背都被鲜血浸染了，闭着眼睛，好在还有呼吸。江澄探她脉搏的手颤抖着抽了回来，松了一口气，忽然冲着魏无羡的脸就是一拳，喝道：“怎么回事！你不是说你能控制住的吗？你不是说没问题的吗？！”
魏无羡跌坐在地上，茫然道：“……我也不知道。”
他绝望地道：“……我控制不住、我控制不住啊……”
这时，江厌离动了一下，江澄紧紧抱着她，语无伦次道：“姐姐！没事！没事，你怎么样？还好，只是划了一剑，还好，我马上带你下去……”
他说着便要把江厌离抱起来，江厌离却忽然道：“……阿羡。”
魏无羡打了一个哆嗦，忙道：“师姐，我……我在这里。”
江厌离缓缓睁开那双漆黑的眸子，魏无羡心中一阵恐慌。
江厌离勉力道：“……阿羡。你之前……怎么跑的那么快……我都没来得及看你一眼，和你说一句话……”
听着听着，魏无羡的心砰砰狂跳。
他还是不敢面对江厌离的脸，尤其是此时此刻，这张脸和当时的金子轩一样，沾满了尘土和鲜血。
他更不敢听她接下来要说的话。
江厌离道：“我……是来跟你说……”

Wei Wuxian was completely consumed by concern for Jiang Yanli. He couldn't see Lan Wangji's bloodshot eyes, all he could focus on was ensuring Jiang Yanli's safety. With eyes swollen from tears, he pushed past Lan Wangji and collapsed on the ground. Lan Wangji staggered back, regained his balance, and glanced at Wei Wuxian. But before he could react, another cry for help drew his attention, prompting him to rush to assist. Jiang Yanli lay with her back drenched in blood, her eyes closed but still breathing. Jiang Cheng, trembling, checked her pulse and, relieved to find her alive, punched Wei Wuxian in frustration, demanding answers. Wei Wuxian, overwhelmed, could only utter, "I don't know, I can't control it" Just then, Jiang Yanli stirred, and Jiang Cheng rushed to her side, reassuring her. Attempting to lift her, he was interrupted by her calling out for Wei Wuxian. Trembling, he responded, "Shijie, I'm here." As Jiang Yanli opened her eyes, Wei Wuxian was overcome with fear. She struggled to speak, questioning why he had fled so hastily, leaving her unable to even glance at him or exchange a word. Wei Wuxian's heart raced as he listened, unable to meet her gaze, especially with her face stained with dust and blood. He dreaded what she might say next. Jiang Yanli then whispered, "I came to tell you"

== WXT ==

说什么？
没关系？
我不恨你？
什么事都没有？
不怪你杀了金子轩？
不可能。
但是完全与之相反的话，她也说不出来。
所以，她也不知道，此情此景，还能对魏无羡说什么。
可是，她心中就是觉得，她一定要来见这个弟弟一面。
叹了一口气，江厌离道：“阿羡，你……你先停下吧。别再，别再……”
魏无羡忙道：“好，我停下。”
他拿起陈情，放到唇边，低着头吹奏起来。他费了极大精力才稳住心神，这次，凶尸们终于不再无视他的命令了，一只一只，喉咙里发出咕咕怪声，像是在抱怨一般，缓缓伏了下来。
蓝忘机微微顿足，远远望向这边，末了，回头继续出剑，救援尚在苦斗的同门和非同门。
突然，江厌离双目一睁，双手不知从哪里爆发出一阵大力，将魏无羡一推！
魏无羡被她这一推推得又摔倒了地上，再抬起头时，就见一柄明晃晃的长剑，刺穿了她的喉咙。
握着剑的那名少年，正是刚才扑到那射箭人身上痛哭的年轻修士。他还在哇哇大哭，泪眼朦胧地道：“魏贼！这一剑代我哥还给你！”
魏无羡坐在脏兮兮的地面上，不敢置信地看着头已经歪下去、喉咙汩汩冒出大量鲜血的江厌离。
他刚才还在等着她说话，仿佛是对他下达最后的宣判。
江澄也是愣愣的，还抱着姐姐的身体，全然没有反应过来。
半晌，魏无羡才发出一声凄厉的惨叫。

Jiang Yanli weakly asked Wei Wuxian to stop the corpses. Wei Wuxian hurriedly raised Chenqing to his lips and began to play a melody, which the corspes finally obeyed. Suddenly, Jiang Yanli pushed Wei Wuxian to the ground with great force, and when he looked up again, he saw that Jiang Yanli's throat had been pierced by a blade. Wei Wuxian was stunned, waiting for Jiang Yanli to speak again. Jiang Cheng also froze, holding his sister's body in his hands. Only after a long moment did Wei Wuxian let out a terrifying scream.

== WYX ==

蓝忘机一剑刺出，猛地回头。
那名少年这才发现自己错手杀错了人，拔出长剑，带出一串血淋淋的血花，恐慌地连连后退，边退边道：“……不是，不是我，不是……我是要杀魏无羡，我是要给我哥报仇……是她自己扑上来的！”
魏无羡倏地闪到他身前，掐住了他的脖子，姚宗主挥剑喝道：“邪魔，放开他！”
蓝忘机什么风度仪态也顾不上了。
他推开一个又一个的挡路之人，朝魏无羡的方向奔去。然而，还没奔到一半的距离，魏无羡便在众目睽睽之下，徒手捏断了这名少年的喉骨。
一名白发苍苍的家主怒道：“你！你——当初累死江枫眠夫妇，如今又累死你师姐，你咎由自取，还敢迁怒别人！不知回头，反而继续杀伤人命。魏无羡，你——罪无可恕！”
可是，再多的谩骂和斥责，此时的魏无羡也听不到了。
仿佛被另外一个灵魂支配着，他伸出双手，从袖中取出了两样东西，在所有人面前，把它们拼到了一起。
那两样东西一半上，一半下，合为一体，发出一声森然的铿锵厉响。
魏无羡将它托在掌心，高高举了起来。
阴虎符！

Lan Wangji mistakenly attacks a young man, who panics and retreats, claiming he meant to kill Wei Wuxian for revenge. Wei Wuxian swiftly intervenes, killing the young man as accusations fly against him for past crimes. Unfazed, Wei Wuxian combines two items into a powerful talisman, the Yin Tiger Seal.

Critical Review of Chinese Literature

2024-02-09T16:40:28Z

Wang Meifen: /* Session 11 Jan 30, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF */

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury
chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Please follow this link to the [[crit_lit_20230131|final paper]] page. Please list your topics there and start writing as soon as you get the ok by the teacher.
=Session 1: Organizational Things and Self-Introduction=
*教学助理 - AKR [[Teaching assistant]]
*维基管理员 - LML [[Wiki admin]]
==Student roll (1st year Master)==
#WMF 大學老師和教育翻譯電腦游戲本地化
#TXL 外交官對亞洲、歷史感興趣，因爲瞭解到日本的歷史責任轉到對中國感興趣喜歡讀書 23，畢業以後參加外交部的考試
#WYX 新疆語言政策筆譯翻譯喜歡文學
#JL 中国人觉得他们的精英怎么样？古代和20世紀的中國人翻譯波蘭文學翻譯成漢語，數學數據分析
#KMJ 在中國文學裏翻譯成中文的西方外文名稱，外語，老師
#LML 對中國文化感興趣，外語，翻譯
#ZYX 外語（俄語、烏克蘭語、波蘭語、漢語、英語）
#YSY 外語（俄語、英語、漢語、波蘭語、韓文）、lgbt的詞語、語言分析
#AHY 中國文化，文學，歷史中國農村宗教（武俠電影）
#YL 动物象征，对仙侠电视剧的影响外语（英語老師、波蘭語、漢語）以後要學韓語、泰語西哈(Hip Hop)跳舞
#AKR 華沙大學、中醫：氣功的發展
#FMJ 翻譯粵語、中國方言和文字
#AX 從小對中國文化感興趣，要儅漢語老師成都方言（語法）
#WXT 中國文化和文學、喜歡看文學、相當筆譯，翻譯小説，奇幻小説（Fantasy）中國長篇小説的兩種英文翻譯
#AD 外語、俄語、學西班牙語營業代表喜歡音樂，自己創造音樂跳舞（Dance Hall）美國和中國在天空的比賽現在：文學題目

===课程安排 Schedule of Literary Works (schedule, topics and presenters - please add your name)===
Please write your names behind the topics
*1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424 Organizational things
*2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15 Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: "Trampled Green"
*3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
*4 Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West) KMJ, AX
*5 Dec 7 8:00-9:30 Ming novels II (The Scholars, Outlaws of the Marsh) YSY
*6 Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams) FMJ
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China) LML, (Kang Youwei: Datong shu) WXT
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) WYX
*9 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Mo Yan) AHY, （Wang Meng） SSM
*10 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Zhang Wei) ZYX (teacher: Han Han, Xu Zechen)
*11 Jan 30, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF
*12 Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Han Shaogong JL
*13 Feb 1, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web Literature YL
*14 Feb 1 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem) AD
*15 Feb 2 8:00-9:30 , Science Fiction II (Liu Cixin: The Wandering Earth) TXL
*Final Paper (homework) - new submission deadline Feb 8

=Session 2: Su Dongpo - Families on a Spring Outing=
'''和子由踏青'''
Go on a Spring Outing with [my little brother] Ziyou

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。

The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths

Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。

For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,

the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。

The city inhabitants detest the city walls

at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。

The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,

baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

WXT: Who is he who calls himself a Taoist among the crowd gathered around him? He blocks the way and sells talismans with an angry expression.

YSY: Who’s the one that claims to be a Taoist? Everyone gathers around him as he’s blocking the pathway, selling talismans with an angry expression.

LWL: Who gathered the crowd and calls himself a Taoist?
The one that is blocking the road, who sells talismans with angry expression.

YL: Who is gathering a crowd, calling himself a Taoist?
Blocking the road and selling Taoist charms in anger:

AD: Who draws the crowd? The taoist, who is blocking the road and is selling talismans with an angry frown.

JL: Who is there that claims to be a Taoist, attracting everyone around to watch?
I saw him blocking the road to sell talismans, blushing and boasting about them

ZYX: Who calls himself a Taoist, gathering crowds of people to watch?
He is blocking the road and selling talismans with an angry expression on his face:

FMJ: Who is that person, this Taoist priest? Blocking the way and selling talismans - with an angry expression he proclaims:

AX: Who is the person who calls himself a Taoist? The crowd gathering among him covers the road. He sells talismans with an angry expression saying:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

WXT: “It should cause your silkworms to make cocoons as big as urns, it should cause your sheep to become as big as deer.”

YSY: „It will make your silkworm cocoons as big as clay jars and your sheep as meaty as deer .”

LWL: “It will cause the cocoons of your silkworms to be as big as urns, your sheep to be as big as deer.”

YL: "Suitable for silkworms, their cocoons will be like urns,
suitable for livestock, it will be like elk."

AD: “It will make your silkworms build cocoons as firm as a jar and will make your sheep grow as big as a stag”

JL: “My talisman can make your domestic silkworm cocoon as big as an urn, and your sheep as round as a roe.”

ZYX: "My talisman will enable you to raise silkworms with cocoons as big as urns, and sheep as round as deer."

FMJ: „Your silkworm cocoons will be as solid as urns, your sheep will be as vital as stags.”

AX: "My talismans will provide silkworms with cocoons as large as clay jars, and sheep the size of deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

WXT: Passers-by may not believe in these words. Still, they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

YSY: The people walking by don’t necessarily believe these words, but they reluctantly buy the talismans for good luck in the New Year anyway.

LWL: People walking by may not necessarily believe his words,but they still reluctantly buy the talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

YL: Passers-by may not believe his words,
but they reluctantly buy the charms to celebrate the New Year.

AD: The crowd does not really trust these words, yet they buy the talismans to pray for blessings with the New Year.

JL: People may not believe what he said, but they reluctantly bought it and wore it on their bodies just to show their good luck in the New Year.

ZYX: Passers-by on the street may not necessarily believe his words, but they reluctantly bought and wore it just for the sake of good luck in the New Year.

FMJ: The people on the streets may not believed the Taoist’s words, yet still they reluctantly bought his talismans – just to secure good fortune for this New Year.

AX: Passers-by may not be entirely convinced of the truth of the Taoist's words, but reluctantly bought his talismans in order to protect good fortune in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

WXT: The Taoist earns the money and goes directly to buy some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: “My talismans truly are effective!”

YSY: When the Taoist earns enough money from the sale, he goes and buys some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: „My talismans really are working!”

Malwina：When the Taoist earned enough money, he went straight to buy himself some wine, in a drunken state he declared himself a talisman god!

YL: After obtaining the money, the Taoist buys wine straight away,
drunkenly calling himself a charm god!

AD: After collecting the money, the taoist goes straight to buy wine. He collapses drunkenly and calls himself the talisman god.

JL: When the Taoist could finally afford it, he went to buy wine and drink it by himself. After he got drunk, he ensured himself that his talismans were really spiritual.

ZYX: The Taoist earned money from the sale and went to buy wine to drink, got drunk and said to himself: "My talisman can really work!"

FMJ: When the Taoist obtained the money, he directly went to buy some wine, and then in a drunk state, he called himself the god of talismans.

AX: When the Taoist had earned enough money, he went to buy some wine. After he got drunk, proudly called himself the god of talismans!

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

KMJ: Who in the crowd is a Taoist?
The one blocking the road that sells talismans, visibly angry:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

KMJ: "It suits the silkworms - cocoons of your silkworms will be as thick as an urn,
It suits the livestock, your sheep will be as big as deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

KMJ:Passers-by may not believe these words, yet they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them
for protection from bad luck in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

KMJ: The Taoist earns the money and goes straightaway to buy some wine,
Drunk, he says to himself: "My talismans are working!".
'''和子由踏青'''

AHY: Treading the green

YL：Green spring outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

AHY: East wind stirs fine dust on the pathways,

fine opportunity for strollers to enjoy the new spring

YL: Eastern spring wind flutters fine dust on paths,
wanderers can enjoy the first taste of the new season.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

AHY: Season of idleness, just right for drinking by the side of the road,

to be crushed by carriage wheels - too short is the grain,

YL: Idleness period, just in time for drinks by the roadside,
even the short grain does not fear the carriage wheels.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

AHY: City people detest the walls which surround them,

they bustle loudly at the break of day and leave the whole town empty,

YL: Residents of the city loathe the surrounding walls,
thundering at daybreak, vacating the town.

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

AHY: Songs and rhythms shake the hills, grass and trees tremble,

picnic baskets scattered in the fields where crows pick them over,

YL: Songs and drums rattle the mountains, flora trembles,
baskets and ladles scattered on the fields where crows batten.

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

AHY: Who is the one who draws the crowds there? A Taoist priest,

blocking the pathway, selling charms and frowning,

YL: Who is the one known as the Taoist priest gathering the crowds?
Blocks the way, selling talismans and scowling:

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

AHY: "It is good for silkworms - cocoons will be just like pots of water,

it is good for livestock, your sheep will be as big as a deer",

YL: "Ideal for silkworms, your cocoons will be as urns,
ideal for livestock, you sheep will be as deer."

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

AHY: People passing by are not sure they believe his words,

yet they buy these charms in order to consecrate the spring,

YL: Passing people do not necessarily trust those words,
yet reluctantly buy the talismans to bless the new spring.

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

AHY: The Taoist priest takes their money, and goes to a winehouse,

completely drunk he mumbles: "The charms, they really work!"

YL: The Taoist priest takes the money, directly goes to buy the wine,
and drunkenly proclaims himself a talisman god!

'''Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng'''

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

'''和子由踏青'''

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

'''Trampled green'''

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

[[File:Trampled_Green.jpg|500px|thumb|left|Su Shi: Trampled Green]]

==End of Session 2==
*

=Session 3: Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju)=
===Task: Please read the [[English Summary of Dou E]]===
===Original Text: Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to [[Dou E]]”===
See also the Reader.

===Task: Please read your part of the original text and make a 3-sentence summary at the end of our part===

=Session 4: Ming novels I=
Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West)
==Journey to the West==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Journey to the West]] by KMJ

The novel is extremely popular among children in Asia. This novel is one of the 4 Outstanding Novels 四大名著, and especially in Japan and Korea a best seller, next to the Three Kingdoms. The novel "Red Chamber Dreams" is more popular in Europe. One of the reasons may be, that the novel has animal characters and especially animals which are not so famous like monkeys and pigs.

The historical background of the novel is that from the 1st Century AD buddhism came to China. In Tang Dynasty, Buddhist religion flourished in China and among the first monks who travelled from China to India to collect Buddhist scriptures was 玄奘 Xuánzàng (600-664) n. 〈hist.〉 Budd. priest, also known as San Zang or Tripitaka. He visited India 629-645 and returned with many Buddhist scriptures, so called "sutra". The novel uses this historical setting, but one of the legendary accompaniers, Sun Wukong, the monkey king, becomes the new protagonist.

==Three Kingdoms==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] by AX

'''Explanations to prepare ppt and texts:'''

Every student preparing a topic in class is asked to find the original Chinese text (they are all available on the internet), create a link under the respective session with a second page (the wiki admin can help with it), copy the full text there (if the text is too long, you will have to be split it in several websites (the wiki admin can help) or you simply select only extracts from it which you find worth reading. Please also select a part of the text, which the wiki admin can split again into small sections, each student only needs to read a small section and write a short summary in English beneath (as you know from the Yuan zaju). The Wiki admin then makes another link from the course homepage to the homework section of the text.

The presentations should be in powerpoint format, be uploaded to the course website in advance and should introduce the text, embed it in its social-historical context including relevant information about the author etc. You should also take some examples from the text and explain them, so that the fellow students understand your approach to the text. This presentation can be about 15 minutes. I will continue to present the text after the powerpoint, but the student should stay in front in order to develop the teaching sometimes in dialogue form. For the 2nd part of the class, the presenting student should prepare something interactive, e.g. hand out paper sheets with short texts and ask fellow students to enact the story with the help of the paper sheets. You should also use mentimeter.com to make a short survey or get feedback etc.

You cannot read so many books in just a few days. Don't forget that you still have other courses and homework. So please just provide summaries to read for the students and small extracts which the students should actually read to get an impression of the original text.

Every student should do a presentation. If there are less sessions than students, two students will have to present in the same session. However, every student should still have his/her own topic. In some sessions, there are more works in one session, and then two students can pick one work each.

There are not many sessions covered with the Reader. You will have to look for most of the texts online, but they are easy to find.

==Grades for translaltion homework "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" text==

*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL (+100)
*KMJ
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY (+100)
*YL
*FMJ
*AX (+100)
*WXT (+100)
*AD
*SSM
*ABE (+100)

==Grades for translation homework - "The Journey to the West" text==

*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL (+100)
*KMJ (+100)
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY
*YL
*FMJ
*AX (+100)
*WXT (+100)
*AD
*SSM
*ABE (+100)

=Session 5: Ming novels II=
Dec 7 8:00-9:30 (This is session no. 5 Ming novels II (Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) YSY
==Outlaws of the Marsh==
Dec 7, 2023, 8:00-9:30, room 413

'''Presentation''' and homework [[Outlaws of the Marsh]] by YSY

Outlaws of the Marsh is a long heroic legend and it is one of the long masterpieces in ancient China. The story is created on the basis of Song Jiang uprising as the clue. The novel is one of the classical long vernacular novels loved mostly by Chinese. It is written in the Ming Dynasty. On the basis of stories, colloquial stories and dramas about the Marsh since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the author processed stories and created the novel. The book takes the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang as the main subject and presents an artistic reproduction of moving and tragic picture of ancient Chinese fighting against oppression to carry out heroic struggles. It fully exposes corruption and brutality of the feudal ruling class, revealing sharp and opposing social conflicts and the cruel reality that "people are forced to rebel by officials ".

==Grades for translation homework - "Outlaws of the Marsh" text==

*WMF (+100)
*TXL
*WYX (+100)
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX (+100)
*YSY (+100)
*AHY (+100)
*YL (+100)
*FMJ
*AX
*WXT (+100)
*AD (+100)
*SSM (+100)
*LML (+100)
*AKR (+100)

==The Scholars==
儒林外史 Inofficial History of Confucian Scholars

=Session 6: Qing novel I=
Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novel I (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams I) FMJ

See Reader.

==Dream of the Red Chamber==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Dream of the Red Chamber]] by FMJ

Short introduction: "Dream of the Red Chamber" is one of the most important classical novels in the history of Chinese literature (one of the 四大著名). It was written in the 18th century (during the reign of the Qing dynasty) by Cao Xueqin. The author's approach shattered conventions in traditional Chinese fiction, setting a new standard for literary expression, as the characters created by him, are neither fully good nor fully bad. The whole number of characters that appeared in the novel is almost 400 (with 40 major characters). The main plot of this book is focused on 贾宝玉 and his affection towards 林黛玉, however, we can not overlook the fact that it also presents a detailed portrayal of Chinese culture and Chinese society during that time.

==Grades for translation homework - "Dream of the Red Chamber" text==

*WMF (+100)
*TXL
*WYX (+100)
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX (+100)
*YSY (+100)
*AHY (+100)
*YL
*FMJ (+100)
*AX
*WXT (+100)
*AD (+100)
*SSM
*LML (+100)
*AKR (+100)

=Session 7: Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Dystopian literature=
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature
#Liang Qichao: The Future of New China LML
#Kang Youwei: Datong shu WXT

==The Book of Great Unity==

'''Presentation''' and homework: [[Datong Shu]] by Wiktoria 王晓彤

Short introduction: In the early twentieth century, the great Chinese thinker and reformer Kang Youwei wrote a book entitled ''Datong shu'' (The Book of Great Unity) in which he put forward an original and radical interpretation of “datong”. The book describes the long march of mankind from division to unity, while defying any strict categorization. It describes the “world of tomorrow” with its technological, political, and social wonders, it also includes significant pieces of historical, political, religious, and scientific literature dealing with the past and the present.

==The Future of New China==

Presentation and homework:

[[The Future of New China]] ૮ ・ﻌ・ა by LML

The Future of New China is a political novel by Liang Qichao. The novel was published in the year 1902 and predicts the prosperity of the "New China" 60 years later. One of the main characters Huang Keqiang (黃興) advocates a constitutional monarchy, and on the other hand, his son Li Laijie (李去病) advocates a french-style revolution. The two sides engage in a heated debate!

==Teacher information: Liang Qichao==
Liang Qichao, An account of the Future of New China, 1902

Liang Qichao, offered an alternative reading of the stages China would take on the road to Great Harmony in an unfinished work on the future, composed in 1902, entitled An Account of the Future of New China (Liang, 1902). The centrepiece of the story is a series of speeches on 'China's History these Sixty Years Past' delivered to an international assembly in Shanghai, 'on the first day of the first month in the Year of Confucius 2513 ... or 1962 on the Western calendar'. The fictional speaker was Kong Juemin, a descendant of Confucius (Kong) whose given name (Juemin) meant 'awaken the people'. The fictional occasion was the 50th anniversary of the birth of New China, an anniversary that fortuitously marked the founding of the International Peace Congress in 1962 following the 'Hungarian Conference' some years before. The event marked the birth of Great Harmony on earth.

By Liang's account, world leaders selected New China to host the launch of the new international body in recognition of that country's role in planning and creating the new global order. Leaders and dignitaries from all major countries gathered in China in January 1962 to attend the two ceremonies, one commemorating the achievements of New China and the other the birth of the new global order. Visiting dignitaries included the King and Queen of Britain, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and the Presidents (take note: "presidents" predicts Liang) of Russia, Hungary and the Philippines. Lesser dignatories, including religious leaders of all persuasions ('this is known as Great Harmony') met in Shanghai along with thousands of scholars and tens of thousands of university students from around the globe (Liang, 1902: 2-3).

Among the men and women who crowded into Kong's lectures on the history of the past 60 years were 1000 foreigners, all fluent in Chinese. Since the start of the reform era, the author points out, thousands of American and European students had come to learn the language in order to keep up with developments in China. By 1962, some 30,000 foreign students were enrolled in local universities and colleges. Most preferred to stay in China. To the time in question (1962) fewer than 1200 students had returned to their home countries to work. The West had a serious brain-drain problem on its hands.

Kong began his lectures reflecting on the qualities that had made China a great power, specifically patriotism, selflessness and democracy. China succeeded because its people had learned to put their country before themselves (Liang, 1902: 5). This marked a radical break with 'Old China': 'Our China died long ago ... in fact this is the point [of departure] for the continuation of New China'. By 1962, China had become a liberal democracy with three major parties competing for ascendancy: a centralist State Power Party (guoquandang), a decentralist Patriotic Self-Government Party (Aiguo zizhidang) and a party committed to the well-being of the individual, the Liberal Party (ziyoudang). Each of these parties had its origins in an earlier Constitutional Party (xianzhengdang), founded in 1902, consisting of a grand alliance of all existing reformist, revolutionary and secret society organisations which combined forces to introduce constitutional government to China. Three core principles governed the organisation of this seminal political alliance: first, that the choice of a monarchical, republican or federalist constitution should be determined by public plebiscite. That is to say, all members' agreed to implement constitutional rule according to the wishes of the people, irrespective of their differences over the form that the constitution should take.

Second, the party's rules and procedures for dealing with internal matters should reflect those that an enlightened government would employ in governing a country. Third, party membership was open to all who shared the constitutional aims of the party, and conferred equality on members regardless of their social status, profession or gender (Liang, 1902: 7-8).

This brief narrative history of New China to 1962 occupies only a small part of Kong Juemin's talks. By far the longest section of the lectures is devoted to a verbatim account of an old debate between two founding members of the Constitutional Party about China's future. One was Huang Keqiang, son of a noted Cantonese scholar. Old Mr Huang despatched his son and another student, Li Yunbing, to Britain to study English and learn the ways of the West. He prepared them for their departure by exposing them to the works of Kang Youwei (Liang Qichao's own teacher, and the author of Great Harmony Philosophy, 1902 [1935]), and by introducing them to Tan Sitong, who was just completing his Renxue (1896, noted above). They were among the first to read the work.

On reaching England they gained entry to Oxford. They graduated around the time of the 'Hundred Days Reform', in 1898, an actual historical event associated with Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong and a party of their supporters and students, including the author of the story himself, Liang Qichao.

The tragic outcome of the reforms forced the two students to delay their return to China.

Their return was precipitated by the discovery that the universal truths they had been seeking in Europe were compromised by the Europeans themselves.

The prevailing mood in Europe soured against China around the time of the Boxer Uprising in 1900. The two young men observed that Kaiser Wilhelm II, author of the Yellow Peril scare, now 'said many things that were not in keeping with human morality' and that the German press resorted to terms such as 'pigtails' and 'yellow monkeys' in referring to the Chinese people. This encounter with racism in Europe inaugurates their journey home, and launches them into their dialogue on the future of China (Liang 1902: 17).

'Which country will be China's future master?', they ask on their journey home. And what of the 'future of New China'? Their disagreements centre on what was to be done to ensure that the Chinese people achieved mastery over their own national destiny - Huang arguing that the best solution lay in working with the present Manchu court, and Li that the Manchu court was part of the problem. Their contrasting positions reflected the reformist and revolutionary positions of the day. Liang Qichao gave each side a fair hearing over 25 pages of his 40-page story but came down strongly on the side of the reformers who wished to preserve the Manchu Dynasty under a form of constitutional rule. On the question of how to involve China's 'four hundred million citizens' in the struggle they were in basic agreement. Both conceded that the majority of the Chinese people were 'asleep, living in dreams' [emphasis added], and that it was the responsibility of the awakened few such as themselves ('people who already know') to wake them up.

====Original====

Liang Qichao (1902 [1936]) 梁啓超 Liang Qichao, 新中國未來記 An account of the Future of New China, 1902, in Liang Qichao, Yinbingshi zhuanji [Monographs from the Ice Drinker's Studio]. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.

English summary

John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

===Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation===

Liang Qichao

The genre of political novel originated in the West. It is human nature to dread the solemn and to take delight in the humorous. Hence, classical music puts us to sleep, whereas songs of the States of Zheng and Wei cause us to lose ourselves in lewdness and become oblivious to our fatigue. This is indeed a characteristic trait of human nature, and even the sages could not tamper with it. A.good teacher should guide his pupil in the direction that his temperament will naturally proceed. Thus, he sometimes resorts to subtle humour and sometimes uses parables to convey his meanings. Mencius, for instance, draws an analogy between King Xuan of Qi and the ancient wise men who were fond of wealth and women as banter to conceal his [p. 72] subtle remonstrations. and Qu Yuan compares the King of Chu to a beautiful lady and fragrant plants to express his loyalty to and love for the state of Chu. These two works in many ways yield a greater impact than solemn discourses and imposing argumentation; they should not be snubbed merely because they lack a satirical and tendentious edge.
Although Chinese fiction is included in the nine schools of literature and philosophy, very few good works have been written since the time of Yu Chu. Stories about heroes are all patterned after The Water Margin, whereas those about love imitate The Dream of the Red Chamber. Taken as a whole, Chinese novels invariably teach us either robbery or lust. Lost in a vicious circle, the novelists are unable to rise above the quagmire. For this reason, knowledgeable men often scorn the mere mention of fiction.
However, as human nature detests the solemn and finds delight in the humorous, even serious pedagogues read The Dream of the Red Chamber and talk about The Water Margin during their spare time. Works of fiction are, in the end, very difficult to ban. Instead of banning the reading of fiction, then, would it not be much better to allow people to follow their natural inclinations and guide them accordingly?
There is indeed a great deal of truth in Mr. Kang Youwei's observation that people with low levels of literacy will often stay away from the classics but cannot do without fiction. Fiction should therefore seek to teach where the Six Classics have failed to teach, to convey lessons where the official histories have failed to convey, to illuminatewhere the recorded sayings
are unable to illuminate, and to govern where laws have failed. In the world, experienced men are few, and the ignorant are innumerable; those well-versed in literature are few, and those who can barely read legion. The Six Classics are indeed elegant, but if they are not read and understood, they are just pearls cast before swine.

[p. 73]

A story goes that Confucius once lost his horse. His disciple Zi Gong failed in retrieving the horse, whereas the man who had reared the horse succeeded in recovering it. Does this mean that Zi Gong was intellectually inferior to the horseman? Things are grouped according to their kind and men according to their class. If the giant Dragon Earl spoke in his language to the dwarf of the Jiaoyao of Kingdom, he would not be understood. Now there are few people in China who can read, and those who are well versed in literature are even rarer. In view of this, fiction could be added to increase the numerical classifications of writing from seven to eight, or appended to the four bibliographic categories as a fifth component.

When the Reformation was first launched in the countries of Europe, men of great learning and dedicated scholars would often use fiction as a vehicle to record their political views. Serious pedagogues would read and discuss these works during their leisure. Novels were read and discussed by soldiers, merchants, peasants, artisans, cabmen, grooms, women, and young children. A newly published book could often influence and change the views and arguments of the whole nation. Indeed, political novels should be given the highest credit for being instrumental in the steady progress made in the political sphere in America, England, Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Japan. A celebrated scholar in England once remarked that fiction is the soul of the people. How true! How true! It is precisely for this reason that we are now specially selecting works by celebrated foreign scholars that are relevant to the current situation in China and then translating and publishing them by installment in this newspaper. In so doing, we hope to make them accessible to our compatriots.

Translated by Gek Nai Cheng

Notes
Liang Qichao "Yi yinzhengzhi xiaoshuo xu" [chin. characters] Qingyi bao [chin. characters] (1898); reprinted in ZGJDWLX 1:155-56. This essay was a "foreword to a projected series of political novels to be translated into Chinese and published in Liang s journal Qing yi bao (The China discussion).

Mencius, 1B.5. In a reply to King Xuan of Qi [chin. characters], who gives as excuses for not implementing the kingly government his weaknesses for wealth and women, Mencius cites the examples of Duke Liu [chin. characters], who was fond of wealth, and King Tai of Zhou [chin. characters], who was fond of women. Despite their weaknesses these two men could still practice kingly government. Hence Mencius admonishes King Xuanof Qi that if only he could give the people power to gratify the same feelings, there would be no difficulty in attaining the royal power.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu [chin. characters], compiled by Ban Gu [chin. characters], there are ten schools of literature and philosophy (Confucian, Daoist, J?ivination, Legalist, Logician, Mohist, olitics, Miscellaneous, Agriculture, and Xiaoshuo [chin. characters]), although "only nine of them are worth reading" (qi keguanzhe jiu iia eryi; [chin. characters]). Fiction, thert,was not included in the nine schools.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu, Yu Chu [chin. characters] (ca. 104 B.C.) compi1ed Zhou shuo [chin. characters]. (Tales of the Zhou dynasty) , a work in the tradition of Shal1 hai jing [chin. characters] and Mu tianzi zhuan [chin. characters]. The work is no longer extant.

Qilüe 七略 are the seven classifications of writing as compiled by Liu Xin 劉歆 (ca. 46 B.C. - A.D. 23) in he Han dynasty around 7 B.C. They are classics, arts, philosophy, poetry, divination and numerics, medicine and surgery. '.

Sibu 四部 are the four bibliographic classifications of classics, history, philosophy, an literature, devised by Xun Xu 荀勖 (d. AD. 289) to categorize all books.

=Session 8: Republican literature I=
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) WYX
Presentation and homework [[A Madman's Diary]] by WYX

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature I==
*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY
*YL
*FMJ
*AX
*WXT
*AD
*SSM
*LML
*AKR

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature==
*WMF

=Session 9: Modern literature=
*9, Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature
Presentation and homework
#Underground poets, Mo Yan, [[Mo Yan ppt]] by AHY
#Wang Meng [[Wang Meng ppt]] SSM
==Grades for translation homework - Modern literature ==
*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY
*YL
*FMJ
*AX
*WXT
*AD
*SSM
*LML
*AKR

=Session 10: Thursday Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Zhang Wei: The ancient ship) ZYX (teacher: Han Han, Xu Zechen)=

Presentation and homework: [[The Ancient Ship]] by ZYX

Short introduction: Zhang Wei's novel “The Ancient Ship” is set during the first forty years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The main events of the novel take place with three generations of the Sui, Zhao and Li families living in the fictional city of Wali in Shandong province, who face the major campaigns from the late 1940s to the 1980s, beginning with the land reform and ending with the Cultural Revolution. The author, with the help of the characters in his story "The Ancient Ship", reveals to readers the circumstances in which people lived at that time, helping to provide a glimpse into the history of China during those days.
The main setting is an old noodle factory, which has always been in the hands of one Sui family but has now been taken over by Zhao Duoduo, leading to a confrontation between Sui Jiansu and Zhao Duoduo. In addition, in the novel, the author describes to us the hard fates of the characters, as well as the idea that it is impossible to escape from paying for the atrocities, which of course leads to a terrible ending. Furthermore, one of the main themes of the novel is a person's moral values and how fragile they are when inhibitions are removed and a person's cruel side can be revealed.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature I==

*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY
*YL
*FMJ
*AX
*WXT
*AD
*SSM
*LML
*AKR

=Session 11 Jan 30, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF=

You can find the homework two sessions below.

=Session 12: 12 Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Han Shaogong: Maqiao Cidian, presented by JL=
Presentation and homework: [[Maqiao Cidian]] by JL

Short introduction:
From the daring imagination of one of China’s greatest living novelists comes a work of startling power and originality–the story of a young man “displaced” to a small village in rural China during the 1960s. Told in the format of a dictionary, with a series of vignettes disguised as entries, A Dictionary of Maqiao is a novel of bold invention–and a fascinating, comic, deeply moving journey through the dark heart of the Cultural Revolution.
Entries trace the wisdom and absurdities of Maqiao: the petty squabbles, family grudges, poverty, infidelities, fantasies, lunatics, bullies, superstitions, and especially the odd logic in their use of language–where the word for “beginning” is the same as the word for “end”; “little big brother” means older sister; to be “scientific” means to be lazy; and “streetsickness” is a disease afflicting villagers visiting urban areas. Filled with colorful characters–from a weeping ox to a man so poisonous that snakes die when they bite him–A Dictionary of Maqiao is both an important work of Chinese literature and a probing inquiry into the extraordinary power of language.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature II ==
*WMF
*TXL
*WYX
*JL
*KMJ
*ZYX
*YSY
*AHY
*YL
*FMJ
*AX
*WXT
*AD
*SSM
*LML
*AKR

=Session 13: Feb 1, 2024 8:00-9:30 Web Literature 晏黎 YL, (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) WMF=

Presentation and homework: [[The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation]] by YL

Short introduction:The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation is a web novel written by an anonymous writer with an alias MoXiang TongXiu. It is a fantasy historical novel with many plot lines and twists. It focuses on the story of the main character, Wei Wuxian, who after experiencing war, torture and loss begins his journey with the new cultivation method for which he was in the end killed. The story is divided into two parts: Wei Wuxian’s first and second life. The first one is focused on main character’s journey through moral dilemmas while facing an enemy. This storyline occurs when the main characters are still learning the ways of Cultivation as teenagers, and focuses on the Wen Sect growing in power and trying to control/dominate the other Sects. The second part which occurs after his reincarnation, 16 years after his death, shows the main character (after his reincarnation) along with his partner, Lan Wangji, solving a case of mysterious murder and uncovering sudden political and internal schemes. The novel is quite complex thanks to the huge amount of characters and plotlines, moral dilemmas and compelling villains.

Presentation and homework: [[I am this type of woman]] by WMF

=Session 14 Feb 1 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) AD=

LINK TO THE PRESENTATION: https://www.canva.com/design/DAF60pzIAP4/vmQpzuhp-UiQi7Z-j1tmgg/view?utm_content=DAF60pzIAP4&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=editor

Text : [[https://bou.de/u/wiki/The_Three_Body_Problem_by_Liu_Cixin]] by AD

Introduction: "The Three-Body Problem" is a science fiction novel by Chinese author Liu Cixin, first published in 2008. It's the first book in the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy. The story begins during China's Cultural Revolution, when a young astrophysicist, disturbed by the humanity's capacity for destruction, sends a message into space, inviting alien civilizations to intervene and take over Earth. Centuries later, the narrative shifts to present-day China, where scientist Wang Miao is recruited to investigate a series of inexplicable deaths among physicists. His investigations lead him to a virtual reality game called "Three Body," which is deeply intertwined with the mystery of the deaths and a global conspiracy.

👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽👽

=Session 14: Friday Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science Fiction II, presented by 田小龙=

Presentation (Yu Hua's literature) and homework [[China in ten words]] by TXL

=Session 15 Feb 2 8:00-9:30 , Science Fiction II (锺馗) 田小龙 TXL=
=Deadline until Feb 9 9:45-11:15 Final Paper (homework)=

=Syllabus=
Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej
Educational subject description sheet
==Basic information==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Field of study
Sinologia
Speciality
-
Department
Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures
Study level
Second-cycle programme
Study form
Full-time
Education proﬁle
General academic
</td>
<td>
Didactic cycle
2023/24
Subject code
09SNLS.21K.05754.23
Lecture languages
Chinese
Mandatory
Obligatory
Block
Major subjects
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Subject coordinator
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Lecturer
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Period</h2>
Semester 1
<h2>Activities and hours</h2>
• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit
<h2>Number of</h2>
<h2>ECTS points</h2>
3 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682"
height="1"> 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681"
height="55">
1 / 5
==Goals==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Goal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C1
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students get an
overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese
literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading
prominent examples and increasing reading ability in
Chinese as a Foreign Language.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C2
</td>
<td>
The selection of works aims at displaying the
continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing
the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C3
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students understand
research methods, compare literary works, learn the
relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of
Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural
roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the
work of experts in the ﬁeld, critically evaluate their
knowledge and update it.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Entry requirements</h1>
Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of
References for Languages (CEFR).
<h1>Subject's learning outcomes</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Outcomes in terms of
</td>
<td>
Learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Examination methods
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Knowledge – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W1
</td>
<td>
has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature
from classical to modern
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W2
</td>
<td>
knows the theories and research methodology in
the ﬁeld of sinology in relation to literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W3
</td>
<td>
knows selected issues of comparative
literature against the background of the ongoing processes
of cultural exchange and globalization
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W4
</td>
<td>
knows the rich terminology in the ﬁeld of
sinology in the ﬁeld of literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W5
</td>
<td>
knows and understand deeply the fundamental
dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization
related to the literature of East Asia/China
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Skills – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
U1
</td>
<td>
formulates and tests hypotheses related to
simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate
their observations
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Social competences – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K1
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically evaluate the acquired
knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update
it
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K2
</td>
<td>
is ready to deeply appreciate the importance
of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems
related to multiculturalism and intercultural
communication
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_004.png" width="682"
height="1">
2 / 5
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
K3
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically consult problems that
he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in
relevant scientiﬁc ﬁelds and to actively cooperate with
them in search of appropriate solutions
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Study content</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
No.
</td>
<td>
Course content
</td>
<td>
Subject's learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
1.
</td>
<td>
Song Poetry
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
2.
</td>
<td>
Yuan Drama
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
3.
</td>
<td>
Ming Novels
</td>
<td>
W1, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
4.
</td>
<td>
Qing novels
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
5.
</td>
<td>
Late Qing literature
</td>
<td>
W1, K2, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
6.
</td>
<td>
Republican literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
7.
</td>
<td>
Modern literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, W5
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
8.
</td>
<td>
Contemporary literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
9.
</td>
<td>
Web literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
10.
</td>
<td>
Science ﬁction
</td>
<td>
W1, W5, K2
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Course advanced</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Teaching and learning methods and activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with
text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative
writing and reviewing fellow students' work
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Credit conditions
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Students are required to prepare for each
class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts
and checking of new words. The completion of this
obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice
tests.
Each student will prepare one short oral
presentation.
The semester essay should contain at least
1000 Chinese characters.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682"
height="1">
3 / 5
==Literature==
===Obligatory===
1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature –
Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies
provided].
===Optional===
#Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
#Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
#Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
#Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
#Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
#Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
#Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
#Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
#Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
#Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

==Calculation of ECTS points==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activity form
</td>
<td>
Activity hours*
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
30
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for classes
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Reading the indicated literature
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation of a multimedia presentation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Other
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Paper preparation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for the assessment
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Student workload
</td>
<td>
Hours
90
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number of ECTS points
</td>
<td>
ECTS
3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
* hour means 45 minutes 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_006.png" width="682"
height="1">
4 / 5
==Learning outcomes==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Content
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny
zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i
ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania
znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu
problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z
wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznego
konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie
samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich
dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w
poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
The graduate can formułować i testować
hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i
realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje
spostrzeżenia.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe
zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań
interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands teorie i
metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo
bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych
szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne
tendencje rozwojowe.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands wybrane
zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i
translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany
kulturowej i globalizacji.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands bogatą
terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań
językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i
interdyscyplinarnych.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania
współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i
kulturą Azji Wschodniej.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Maqiao Cidian

2024-02-09T16:39:10Z

Wang Meifen: /* WMF (ง’̀-‘́)ง */

== Basic information ==
Title: 马桥词典 (Dictionary of Maqiao)

Author: 韩少功 (Han Shaogong)

Original text:https://archive.org/details/maqiaocidian0007hans/page/n7/mode/1up

Translation (bardzo polecam, książka jest naprawdę dobra): https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmaqi0000hans/page/n1/mode/1up

Presentation: [na google doc będzie]

== Who is Who ==
Bandit Ma: see Ma Wenjie.

Benren: Benyi's same-pot brother; fled to Jiangxi during the Great Leap Forward.

Benyi (also Ma Benyi): Party Branch Secretary in Maqiao.

Commune Head He: leader of the local commune.

Fucha: Maqiao's accountant.

Kuiyan: "lazy" son of Zhaoqing.

Long Stick Xi: a mysterious outsider who introduced "tincture of iodine" to Maqiao.

Ma Ming: leader of Maqiao's "Daoist Immortals," inhabitant of the "House of Immortals."

Ma Wenjie: Maqiao's most famous modern historical figure and former County Leader.

Master Black (also Mou Jisheng): muscular but dim Educated Youth.

Master Nine Pockets: renowned beggar king of Changle.

Shuishui: wife of Zhihuang the stonemason, later a "dream-woman."

Three Ears: unfilial son of Zhaoqing, one of the "Daoist Immortals," later lover of Tiexiang.

Tiexiang: daughter of Master Nine Pockets, later wife of Benyi and lover of Three Ears.

Uncle Luo: former village leader; Maqiao's oldest cadre.

Wanyu: Maqiao's singing star.

Xiongshi: son of Zhihuang and Shui Shui, killed in delayed blast of Japanese bomb.

Yanwu: talented younger brother of Yanzao.

Yanzao: "Traitor to the Chinese," persecuted and bullied for being a landlord's son.

Zhaoqing: notoriously stingy inhabitant of Maqiao, father of Three Ears.

Zhihuang: Maqiao's stonemason, famed for his stupidity, married toShuishui.

Zhongqi: Maqiao's resident gossip and busybody.

== ATTENTION COMRADES !!!!!!!==

Due to technical issues (and the fact that I study sinology cause I am a technical dumb-ass that cannot even open a power point without sth catching on fire) the fragments will be given in a form of Google Doc.
After reading them, pretty please upload the summary directly onto the wiki (or to google doc too, if you are feeling generous, i don't give a duck).
Thank you for your attention comrades and God Save the Queen.

== Fragments to summarize ==
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10WL6Nu4vHXLI87i5EIJqy_SywLchGPhmr4kYevAARqQ/edit?usp=sharing

==YL==

Third of the Third [三月三]

The author says that every year on the third day of the third month, Maqiao people ate black rice (died with wild grass juice). That day the also sharpened their knives and screamed and roared together. The knives came back to life after a whole year of not being used, they were used by The Savages of the Luo Clan. The knives were a nightmare that scared other people. This ritual could be seen as linked to farming preparations. They believed that once the knives were sharpened and shone in the sun, the spring would come.

== ZYX ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)==

Gruel [浆]

From the beginning, the author tells us that the word "gang" in the Maciao dialect (pronounced jian in Mandarin). It originated in the poor mountain village of Maciao, where grain was scarce and the word "porridge" was quite commonly used. Also, in the biography of Bao Xuan in the seventy-second chapter of the Han History, there is the phrase "wine into gruel, meat into bean leaves,", referring to those who live in waste and luxury, treating wine as porridge and meat as bean leaves. From this it is clear how the term "porridge" has since come to refer more generally to the food and drink of the poor.
When educated youth first came to Maciao, they often mistook "eating gang (gruel)" as "eating gan (dry grain)," thus confusing the word with its exact opposite. The people of Maciao always replaced the "j" sound with the hard "g" sound: for example, the word for "river" (jiang) was also pronounced "gang". Therefore, "eating porridge" sometimes sounded like "eating river", which symbolized as well as possible that when the harvest was late and there was nothing in the pots in every house but water thickened by a small amount of grain.

== AD ಠ_ಠ ==

Standing the Body
[企尸]

The author describes a ritual that received the name of "standing the body". After Kuiyuan dies, Fangying refuses to bury his body underground and instead, insists that the coffin stands vertically upright. The standing coffin became a way to express plaint. With this custom, people hoped to attract the attention of the officials. They used rocks to support the sides of the coffin in order to balance its weight. The stones placed around the coffin, tossed into great piles, symbolised that the grievance was as enormous as the mountains. The upright position of the coffin posed as a statement that even the dead have to voice their complaints and until they are heard, they cannot rest in the ground. ⚰️💀

==AX (=^ェ^=)==
Striking Red [撞红]

The word "striking red" refers to the moment during intercourse on the wedding night when a woman lightly bleeds from her genital organs, signifying that she was a virgin. Taking a young virgin as a bride was once a taboo in Maqiao society."Striking red" was even considered an unfavorable sign. This was due to the fact that in less developed areas, where production efficiency was very low, people wanted as many people as possible to work. Therefore, when choosing a wife, those women who were already pregnant were favored. At that time, no one cared about moral chastity. However, it had its disadvantages. Men felt disgust and aversion toward the children of other men and tried to get rid of them in any way possible, often very brutally. Mothers, trying to save their firstborn children, saved them by placing them on the side of the road or sending them downstream, hoping that someone would find and take them. The abuse of the firstborn son born of another man ended when the Communist Party came to power.

== TXL ノ( º _ ºノ) ==

== WMF (ง’̀-‘́)ง ==

A small but ferocious variety of mosquito known as the "army mosquito" in Maqiao village is described. They explain that these mosquitoes were introduced to the area by a provincial army that stayed in the village for a time. The narrator recounts the relentless attacks of these mosquitoes, particularly during the summer when work ended late and people were too tired to defend themselves properly. The villagers developed a technique of continuously moving their legs while eating to avoid being bitten, as stopping for even a moment would invite a swarm of mosquitoes. Despite the annoyance, people refrained from swatting the mosquitoes due to the futility of the action and the fear of injuring themselves in the process. Eventually, as night fell, the mosquitoes would tire and the buzzing would diminish. Overall, it vividly portrays the relentless presence and impact of these army mosquitoes on the villagers' daily lives.

==YSY==

Confucian [道学]

Firstly, the narrator gives an example of the word's usage. Then he goes on to explain that the term referes to etiquette, morals and intelect, so it is a rather positive word, but then mentions that because of the hypocrisy of Confucianism over the years it can invoke an uncomfortable feeling. Then he asks philosophical questions, such as "can sympathy and affection exist between humans" and wonders if Maqiao people replaced other words with "Confucian" because they had doubts about human nature and what feelings can these doubts produce.

== AKR ☉_☉==
The passage describes the cultural differences in tea consumption between rural Maqiao people and city dwellers. In Maqiao, people prefer ginger tea, which is brewed by pounding ginger with salt and pouring boiling water over it. They also roast flavorings like beans and sesame seeds in iron pots. Despite the risk of burns, they handle the pots barehanded to prevent scorching. The aroma of roasting ingredients adds to the tea's appeal. Additionally, red dates and eggs can be added for variety. However, Benyi, a rural dweller, finds it puzzling that city people, despite their wealth, prefer low-grade colored tea, which lacks spices and freshness. Colored tea is often reheated and made from tea-tree twigs, giving it a dark hue akin to soy sauce. Benyi feels both amused and sorry for city people who miss out on the rich flavors and rituals of pounded tea.

== KMJ (▀̿Ĺ̯▀̿ ̿) ==
Jackal-Fiend [豺猛子]
In the Tianzi Peak was hidden a small stockade, to get to it you had to cross a small, not very deep stream. The narrator crossed it many times on his way to Chazi Bow. One time a companion asked him, if he spotted something unusual about the river. Turns out that the long rock that was previously in the water was actually a jackal-fiend. Maoqiao people said that this fish eats other fish and not plants, it was firece at times but mostly stoic, people would trad over it for months without it moving. After that the narrator started to wonder everytime he was big rocks or big lumps of wood. Will it move this time, become alive and escape or not?

== SSM ╮ (. ❛ ᴗ ❛.) ╭ ==

: Each of Maqiao's oxen had its own name. People had lots of different words for oxen: for example, there were oxen that "understood," meaning oxen with intelligence; there were oxen "born-to-the-pen," meaning oxen that had been brought up like family, oxen that ox-rustlers found hard to steal away. Although Three-Hairs had something of a foul temper, it was still an ox born-to-the-pen.
Two months before it died, nothing had been seen of it for two days, the team leader had sent people searching everywhere with no result, and everyone thought it'd never be found again, that it'd already been slaughtered or sold by ox-rustlers. But on the evening of the third day, while I was playing chess at Zhihuang's, Zhihuang unexpectedly turned back from relieving himself and said his ox whip was twitching on the wall, there was definitely something up, definitely. Maybe Three-Hairs had come back. No sooner were we out of the door than we heard Three-Hairs' lows and saw a familiar black shadow in front of the oxpen. Right at that moment it was butting the wooden oxpen with its horns-clunk, clunk, clunk-wanting to get inside. Half a length of ox rope was hanging from its nose, its tail had been cut to half its length for some unknown reason, its whole body was covered with dozens of bloody scars, its whiskers were in a real state and it had clearly lost a lot of weight. After escaping from the ox-rustlers it must have meandered all over the mountains on its long, long tramp home.

== LML ( ͡ᵔ ͜ʖ ͡ᵔ )==
Model Worker

The texts talks about how commune wanted every team to pick a model worker who would study philosophy and attend special meetings in the commune. Benyi was not present so his uncle Luo took charge. After the breakfast he assigned work to some other workers and made Wanyu a model field worker. The narrator laughed about it and asked why don't they put to a vote who should be a model worker. Luo replied that Wanyu lacks skills and strenght to do anything else and other people agreed. The author notes that the person being the model worker changes depending on the weather conditions, bringing up an example of other worker called Fucha.

==PMJ (づ｡◕‿‿◕｡)づ==

==AHY==

Curse-grinding

The author mentions the unusual habit of curse-grinding. This is a kind of procedure for taking revenge on enemies of the local society. If the visitor makes something very inappropriate, the members of the society covertly circle three times around him. Then they wait for him to go into the nearby woods and they start to call out some complex and often tongue-twisting rhymes. It would often make the victims get lost in the forest, being unable to tell the directions and exposed to some traps, wild animals and insects. The next step in the whole procedure is so-called soul-taking incantation. It would finally make the unhappy victim change into a zombielike creature.

==WXT ʕ •ᴥ•ʔ==

Lax

To explain this word, the narrator introduces us to the story of Zhaoqing. On one occasion, when the narrator was in danger as he almost fell from a height, Zhaoqing witnessed this and tried to summon some help, crying over the narrator's fate. The situation made a very strong impression on the narrator, but he did not know how he could thank Zhaoqing. It was only after Zhaoqing's death that he returned the favour by bringing him cotton blankets to his coffin, on which he could finally rest in peace and 'relax'.

The word 'lax' thus means ‘to rest’, ‘to relax’.

== WYX ~(˘▾˘~) ==

Yellow-Grass Miasma

In Maqiao, Zhaoqing warned the speaker not to venture into the mountains early in the morning due to the presence of poisonous miasma, which could cause severe illness or death. Different types of miasma were associated with different seasons. Even during the daytime, caution was necessary when entering the mountains, including abstaining from certain foods and activities. Zhaoqing emphasized the importance of drinking rice wine before mountain expeditions to bolster one's vitality.

The Ancient Ship

2024-02-09T16:32:29Z

Wang Meifen: /* WMF */

==The Ancient Ship by Zhang Wei==

Original text: https://www.feiku6.com/book/s3-guchuan.html

Title:《古船》The Ancient Ship

Author: 张炜 Zhang Wei

Presentation: [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WB_mzwkKCC9txf3Z_PTKRf6ff9E6UiM7/edit?usp=drive_link&ouid=103541239485723010069&rtpof=true&sd=true] [[Media:Zhang_Wei.pptx|Presentation on Zhang Wei]]

==《古船》第三章==

==YL==

隋见素终于辞掉了粉丝大厂的工作。很多人都对老隋家的一个人离开了这个行当感到惊讶。隋见素却无比轻松。他到工商部门去申请，又多次找高顶街书记李玉明和主任栾春记，终于在大街上设了个烟酒小摊。一个月之后，他又寻了一间临街的闲房，准备开一个商店。他几次到老磨屋里请哥哥跟他一起干，抱朴总是摇头。见素沮丧地说：“你的字好，那就给店写个匾额吧。”
老磨隆隆地转动。抱朴取起见素拿来的笔，大声问：“什么店名？”见素一字一顿地说：“‘洼狸大商店’。”抱朴在方木凳上伸展着纸，手突然抖个不停。他去蘸墨，手抖得更厉害了。

Sui Jiansu finally resigned from the job at fan factory. A lot of people were surprised that one of the Sui's resigned from the job. Sui Jiansu was relieved. He went to the Department of Industry and Commerce to apply for a job. He met Li Yuming (the Secretary of Gaoding Street) and Luan Chunji (the director). Finally at the main street he set up a tobacco and alcohol stall. After a month, he was searching for a local close to the street, that was ready to be opened. He went to the old mill house a couple of times to ask his brother for help, but Paobu shook his head no. Frustrated Jiansu said: "You have good handwriting, just make a plaque for the store". Old mill house was making noise and spinning. Paobu picked up the pen that Jiansu brought and asked "What's the name of the store?". Jiansu said: "Hollowing Racoon Big Store". Paobu straightened the paper on a wooden square table, his hand suddenly shook. He wanted to dip his hand into the ink, but it shook even harder.

==JL==

匾额终于没有写成。见素不得不去求了镇小学的校长长脖吴。校长五十多岁，颈肉出奇的松弛。写匾额时，他不用瓶装墨汁，而让见素在一个半尺长的老砚台上研墨。见素整整研磨了一个钟点。长脖吴取出一杆秃头大笔，蘸饱了墨就在崭新的红纸上揉动起来。见素看到他瘦瘦的手腕上突然就凸起三道青筋，当青筋慢慢消下去的时候，“洼狸大商店”五个大字已成。其中有三个字与所有人的写法都不同。看着这几个字，不知怎么老让人想起生了锈的铁器。匾额悬到门上，身材颀长、面孔白皙的隋见素斜倚在门框上，看上去这个店多少有些怪异。开张的前一个星期只卖出三瓶香油、一盒香烟。隋不召第一个走进侄子的店里当顾客了，他四下里看着，临走时建议店里要卖零酒及下酒用的咸菜，墙壁上还要用油漆画个大酒坛。见素一一采纳，并且能够举一反三，在门侧外墙上贴了电影女演员的画。洼狸镇上的老人都在庙会上蹲着喝过零酒，酒坛勾起了他们一片怀旧之情。这样店里先多了老头子，接上又有了年轻人拥进来。一个店开始热闹起来了。
The plaque was not written in the end by Paobu and instead Jian Su went to ask the principal of school for help. It was a struggle but finally he managed. The plaque was hung in the shop. Not a lot was sold that week but then Paobu said that he should sold wine and pickles. That attracted customers to his shop.

==AX==

大商店的买卖刚刚开始兴隆，一个叫张王氏的老女人哼哼着跨进店来。她要求店里出售她的手工产品。

张王氏的产品无非就是野糖、泥老虎和小铁哨子之类。她经营这些已经几十年了，前些年风声再紧，她也能使产品脱手。她还明里暗里给人算命看相，挣些零钱。她如今六十多岁了，不停地吸烟，嘴角瘪着，样子十分苍老。她的脖颈像胳膊那么细，下巴尖尖地向里弯去，满面灰尘。腰弓了，腿也发抖，不说话也要哼哼。可她做手工的技艺已经到了炉火纯青、出神入化的地步了，比如捏泥老虎，她能把它们捏得像自己一样瘪着嘴角，看上去一个个老气横秋，面慈心软。泥老虎越做越大了，最大的有枕头那么大，要两个孩子合伙才能玩得起来。她提出将泥老虎之类摆在“洼狸大商店”的柜台上出售，她可以缴代售费。

This is a description of an elderly woman named Zhang Wangshi.
She had entered a large store with her handcrafted products such as clay tigers and small iron whistles. We can know from the description that she's in her sixties, her neck is as thin as an arm and her face is covered in dust. Additionally, she smokes cigarettes. Despite her age and physical fragility, she is skilled in craft, particularly in molding clay tigers which have reached a level of perfection. She could even shape them to resemble herself. She suggested the owner to put her clay tigers and other items on the counter for sale. She was willing to pay a consignment fee for the service.

==AD==

见素笑嘻嘻地盯着她颈上的灰，并不认真跟她讲话。她自己取了货架上的香烟抽个不停，眼神尖尖地盯住见素的脸。三十五六岁的小伙子，头发油黑，脸上有几点粉刺。这副漫长脸漂亮，眼神看上去机敏警觉，又透着油气。不用说这是个姑娘们喜欢的角色。他到现在还没有结婚，那是受了家庭的影响，那年头没有谁敢嫁给老隋家的这两个人：他和抱朴。抱朴早年跟老隋家一个打杂的小丫头结了婚，小丫头不久害痨病死了，抱朴也就打起光棍来。张王氏知道见素可不像他哥哥那么老实。她看着他，嘿嘿笑着，露出一口乌黑的短牙齿。见素的脸有些红，用手推了她一把，让她有话快说，还说她是个丑老婆子。张王氏从衣兜里掏出几个泥老虎放到柜台上，见素觉得那虎的脸跟她的脸可真是一模一样。他笑了。张王氏用手抚摸着他的胳膊、硬实实的胸脯，夸奖说：“真是个壮实孩子。”见素老在笑。张王氏拍了一下他的屁股，虎起脸说：“好生跟你老奶奶说话！”见素“嗯”了一声，不敢笑了。他们盘算起手工产品的本利来，直到点灯时分还在盘算。张王氏离开的时候，他们已经谈妥了。

Jian Su talks casually with the elderly woman called Zhang Wang in her store. The woman smokes a cigarette after a cigarette, examining the young man. She is quite fond of his appearance, noticing that his eyes are full of energy, which sparks her curiosity. However, he calls her an ugly old woman, which is quite justified considering that the woman's teeth are black. She continues to praise him and touches his arms and chest, while he tries to push her away. He contemplates that her face looks just as the expressions of the clay tigers of her handcraft and finds it difficult to refrain from laughter. He buys a few handmade products and after that, leaves. 🐅🚬

==TXL==

这以后张王氏每天都要到店里来，在柜台上一个一个摆弄她的泥老虎。生意越来越好，不知多少老太太来给家里的娃娃买泥老虎玩。如果是娃娃们自己来，张王氏就教他们新的玩法：让一群小泥虎攻击大泥虎，头颅相撞。不过几下子小泥虎的头就破了。娃娃们问怎么办？“让你家奶奶买新的。”张王氏说。买卖渐渐白天做不尽，夜里还要点上油灯，有一天快半夜了，还有一群老头子围坐在酒坛边，手捏一块咸菜喝酒。见素常常伏在柜台上睡过去，张王氏就吸足了一口烟，对准他红润的嘴唇吹一下。见素觉得张王氏真是一个好帮手，商店的兴隆也有她一份功绩。张王氏说：“有老虎保佑我们呢。”见素听了，怀疑地盯着那一溜儿缩着嘴角的泥老虎。张王氏加上一句：“虎是山神。”他们没事了就天南地北地闲扯，张王氏常常说到隋不召。她一说到这里就笑，露出黑黑的牙根。她说：“老东西瘦成一把骨头了，还坏。早些年多少水光溜滑的大姑娘乐得凑付这把骨头。我也凑付过。老东西从根就没胖过，不过从根就是把好手。

==WMF==

”有一次她还问道：“你知道他怎么和史迪新老怪结成了仇人吗？”见素盯着她，好奇地摇着头。张王氏从货架上摸了一支烟点上，说起来。

“说到底也就是为那么一点点东西。那几年洼狸镇比现在还热闹，你没经过。太热闹的地方男人没有一个老实的，你记住我这句话。他们不老实，有点力气都使到女人身上了，干正经事倒有气无力。你叔父他们连一个三十斤的粉坨子也扛不动，小腿绊呀绊呀，噗哧一声就把粉坨摔成一堆雪。大伙儿那个笑。那些跑船的人一上了码头，就跟狼狗差不多，眼睛都是红的。他们个个样子吓人，真和他们好起来倒也没什么。你叔父对付人的法儿，有不少就是从跑船的那儿学来的。老隋家就出了这么一个不学正经的人。不过他也真是为咱镇上人做了点好事情。怎么说呢？他从船上弄来一块黑溜溜的脏东西，又香又臭，听说是麝香又加进了什么别的东西。谁家姑娘肚子胖起来，你叔父就把那块东西拳在掌心里，对在她的鼻子上。就这么几下子，姑娘家呕泻几次，也就和原来一样了。你说这有多么省心。

Wang Zhang shares a story about the uncle's experiences in Wali Town. He reflects on the town's liveliness in the past and comments on the dishonesty of men. He describes the uncle as physically weak but resourceful in dealing with people, mentioning an incident involving a piece of musk that he uses to help girls relieve nausea. This passage provides insights into the uncle's character and the dynamics of the town.

==YSY==

后来就活该让史迪新知道了，你不知道他有多么假正经，找到你叔父就拼命。你叔父往码头上跑，他就在身后穷追。他就跑，他就穷追。”张王氏又点了一支烟。她的烟从鼻孔缓缓地流出来，说道：“他穷追，要不也追不上。不过也是天意，你叔父眼看就要跑到码头上了，不巧两只小腿就交绊了一下。他跌倒了，史迪新老怪就顺手拎起小腿，倒提着一拧。你叔父用沙子扬他，他又是一拧。那时候河滩上的碎石块比现在多，你叔父头皮在上面转动，一会儿就流出血来。他不停地骂，史迪新倒不吱一声。最后还是史迪新用一块石头把你叔父的拳头砸开，才把那块东西抢到手。接下去厮打得更凶，两人身上都是血。史迪新料定了洼狸镇早早晚晚要毁在这块黑溜溜的东西上，可是年轻人看着它亲哪。你想这场厮打还能不凶！打到后来，史迪新力气尽了，一扬手把那个东西扔进河里去了。厮打立刻停了。他俩满脸是血，面对面地瞅着……”
张王氏讲完了，见素久久地沉默着。几十年前的那场厮打令他神往。他想如果当时他也在场的话，那么被扔进河里的只能是史迪新自己。

Zhang Wangshi continued her story, still smoking cigarettes. She talked about a man named Shi Dixin, who found out about the uncle's behaviour and chased him to the pier. They got in a fight over the piece taken from the boat, as Shi Dixin thought it could destroy their town. Finally, the thing was thrown into the river and the men stopped fighting.

Jian Su was fascinated by Zhang Wangshi's story.

==KMJ==

粉丝大厂里的工人常在空闲时间跑进店里，老头子喝零酒，年轻人吃野糖。野糖在嘴里含一会儿，揪住糖棒一拉可以拉出一条长长的细线，有不少姑娘小伙子就为了这长长的细线而来。他们一边吃一边拉，嘻嘻地笑。姑娘吃糖时，见素就趁机揪住糖棒，拉出长线来在她脖子上绕。有一次闹闹来了，穿了白围裙工作服，露着两条白红的胳膊。她一进来就显得十分兴奋，学着“迪斯科”动作，伸手握拳，“啊、啊”地先左右来那么两下子。见素直眼瞅着她，手里紧紧握着刚收到的两毛钱。当闹闹吃起野糖时，见素就走过去。闹闹一双黑亮的眸子频频转动，看着货架上的东西，野糖棒棒在嘴里悠悠旋动。见素刚要抬手去揪糖棒，闹闹举起一根食指，利落而准确地点了一下他的胸脯。见素一个踉跄，觉得她刚才正巧点在了一个穴位上，有些麻胀。他坐下来，冷冷地望着闹闹这团火在柜台近前滚来滚去，最后又滚动着出了门。他长长地吸进一口气。
The scene talks about the workers going to the shop in their free time. Old people drank alcohol while the young people ate wild sugar. Jiansu wrapped a long thread of sugar around one girls neck. One day Nao Nao came over and Jiansu walked up to her and wanted to grab Nao Nao's sugar stick but he failed.

==AKR==

老多多的粉丝大厂开张以来第一次发生了倒缸。

这一次足足折腾了五天，虽然比几年前的那一次损失小多了，可也让赵多多惊慌失措。他三番五次地进老磨屋，求隋抱朴出任大厂的技术员。抱朴都拒绝了。他一下一下用木勺摊着湿胀的绿豆，摊完之后，又坐在那只看磨人坐了几辈子的方凳上。老多多走出磨屋就骂起来，说早晚把这个木头人一枪干掉。成了木头人了，为什么不把他干掉？土改以后的几十年里，老多多一直是高顶街的民兵头儿，可干掉了一些人。他觉得现在老隋家的这个人最好还是干掉。不过他老了，也没有了枪。
Since the opening of the Big Factory, the first occurrence of cylinder reversal took place. It lasted for five days, causing panic for Zhao Duoduo. Despite repeated requests, Sui Baopu refused to become the technician of the factory. Frustrated, Zhao Duoduo sat on the old stool, pondering. He vented his anger, expressing a desire to eliminate Sui Baopu, reminiscent of his past actions during the land reform. However, being old and lacking a gun, he couldn't execute his plan.

==SSM==

回到大厂里，人们老问多多为什么没有请出抱朴来，老多多脸色铁青地哼一句：“这个人在老磨屋里坐木了。”他从此坐卧不安，老在屋里走来走去。最后他想起了老隋家的另一个人来，于是就到“洼狸大商店”去了。他开门见山，请见素担任技术员。见素说他不行。老多多笑了：“老隋家的人做这个行当没有不行的。我给你最高工资，你先干着。倒缸自有人扶。”见素心里冷笑起来，他知道赵多多仍旧在打哥哥的主意。他的心里正活动着，张王氏在一边劝起他来，说那个差事好极了，到底有多么好你得干上才知道。见素反问：“我的店怎么办？”张王氏抖着颈上的黑肉，像个鹰隼一样盯住他说：“店还是你的！我来照看。我哪天不替你张罗生意？”见素不做声了。他从商店的门口往外望着天色，微微笑了。

The text describes a person named Duo Duo.He returns to a factory where people ask why he hasn't invited Bao Pu to join. Duo Duo gets angry and says that Bao Pu is occupied in an old grinding mill. Duo Duo decides to approach another person from the Sui family and goes to the "Wali Big Store." He asks See Su to become a technician, but See Su says no. Duo Duo offers the highest salary, insisting that there's no job in which someone from the Sui family can't outdo. Despite this, See Su coldly laughs, aware that Duo Duo is still plotting something against his brother. As discussions continue, Zhang Wang suggests that the job is excellent, and See Su should try it to understand its benefits. See Su, concerned about his own shop, is told by Zhang Wang that the shop will remain his, and she will manage it. See Su, silent, looks out of the store and smiles slightly.

==LML==

见素重新回到了粉丝大厂。张王氏全面接管了“洼狸大商店”。她每天定时在柜台后面坐上两个钟头，做成的买卖却与以前相同。她还偷偷往酒坛里放了橘子皮，也多少添一点冷水。余下的时间被她精心安排，除了做些家里杂事，天蒙蒙亮时还要放下一切去为四爷爷捏背。一切她都能应付自如，唯有捏背近来使她怵心。四爷爷再有两年就六十岁了，无比健壮，虎气生生。可是他毕竟肥胖起来，背肉越来越厚。捏背的人就怕背厚。张王氏为四爷爷捏了几十年背，这双捏泥老虎的手掌指法灵活，曾经给了四爷爷无限欢乐。可是她近来渐渐觉得有些力不从心了。含章是四爷爷的干女儿，张王氏常常在四爷爷屋里遇见她。有一次张王氏一边捏背，一边说今后该让含章捏背了。当时四爷爷卧在炕上，光光的上身蒙了一块白布。他听了，胖胖的身子烦躁地扭动一下，鼻子里发出“呣”的一声。张王氏从此再不敢提让含章捏背的事了。她每天从四爷爷屋里出来，又圆又红的太阳也正好升起。她直奔店里，站在柜台后面还稍微有些喘息。

==AHY==

见素不怎么回他的店，觉得大厂到底比那个店有意思。他只是每隔一个月到店里结一次账。大厂仍旧如同作坊，只不过是名称换了而已。但原来的不少人不愿替多多做活，也就离开了，新添的人中女工居多。粉丝工厂必须连续作业，人要分成两拨子。入了深夜，温吞吞的热气老让人打瞌睡。看着姑娘们在浆子缸边、在冷水盆下迷迷糊糊地东倒西歪，真让人亲哪。见素身为技术指导员，上班不需守时，高兴了随时可以进粉丝屋子巡视一番。他夜间来的时候，上身只穿一件浅紫色的秋衣，下身是挺直的青裤。长筒胶靴锃亮闪光，裤脚就掖在里面。他的头发那么浓黑，脸也就显得更白了。他一个一个端量着姑娘们的睡相，嘴角挂着一丝揶揄。这样看一会儿，他的脸就更加苍白，目光却如炬火一般明亮。奇怪的是他这样站立不久，姑娘们也就一个一个醒来了，向他打着哈欠。

This paragraph states that Jiansu found the factory more to his liking, and that is the reason why he stayed away from the shop. He would go to the shop only once a month. The name of the factory had changed and those who didn't want to work for Zhao Duoduo had left. The vast majority of those who replaced them were women. Jiansu could check on the work whenever he wanted. He would stare with delight at the women-workers in the slumber during the night-shift. After he would stare at them awhile, the women would wake up yawning.

==PMJ==

一个叫大喜的胖姑娘见了他就咳嗽，直咳得脸色赤红才算罢休。大喜做活总不利索，她洗粉丝，常有一团团青白的粉丝落在冷水盆跟前。她咳着，见素走过去狠狠地踢了那团粉丝一脚。她立刻不咳了，可是又打起嗝来，两眼直盯盯地瞅着见素。见素大步从她面前跨过去，崭新的长筒胶靴发出“阔阔”的声音。姑娘们打过哈欠就懒洋洋地做起来，一下一下晃动着筛粉渣的罗子，雪白的围裙在变浓了的雾气中飘动着。粉丝房里特有的芬芳飞快地漾开来，很像是胭脂的香味儿。一个底上钻了无数洞眼的铁瓢就悬在高处，里面盛满了稀溜溜的淀粉糊糊，有人用手在上面拍打，无数条银色的粉线就漏下来。粉线跌入热气腾腾的锅里，立刻变为晶莹透亮的粉丝了。坐在高处拍打铁瓢的是一个黑汉，他刚刚醒来，呐喊一声就摇头晃脑地打起来。整个粉丝房里都是一种节奏分明的声音：“砰砰砰、砰砰砰！”

==WXT==

见素坐在一个木凳上吸起了烟，眼睛在一绺黑发下闪动着。他不吭一声。这样坐了半个多钟头，他突然站起来，踏踏踏地走出了屋子，头也没有回一下。这个挺拔的身影从做活的姑娘们身边一闪而过。
见素一口气跑上了粉丝房外那个晒粉坨用的高高水泥平台，不停地喘息。他仰脸看天上湿漉漉的星星，又静静地倾听芦青河夜间流淌的声音。老磨还在呜隆隆地转，这使他转过脸去，看河边上那一溜儿灯火昏暗的小窗户。抱朴此刻就坐在方木凳上，守着他的老磨。见素注视着他那个小窗户，似乎盼望它能够突然打开一下，至少是一明一暗地闪动一次。他失望地走下平台，到粉丝房拐角处那个宽敞的大屋跟前站住了。里面亮着灯，传出了鼾声。他知道厂长老多多睡在里面，这样站了一会儿，他的手不由自主地按住了门把手。他屏住了呼吸，一丝一丝把门推开；进了屋子，又轻轻地把门扇合上，然后小心地转过身子。

Jiansu sat on a wooden stool and smoked a cigarette, without saying a word. He sat like that for over half an hour. Suddenly, he stood up and walked out of the room without looking back. He rushed towards a concrete platform, gazing at the stars and listening to the flowing river. From there, Jiansu looked at the dimly lit windows along the riverbank, behind one of which would sit Baopu. Jiansu stared at the small window, as if hoping it would suddenly open. Disappointed, he walked down the platform and stopped in front of the building around the corner of the processing room. After standing there for a while, he held his breath and slowly pushed the door open. Once inside, he carefully closed the door behind him and then turned around cautiously.

==WYX==

老多多仰躺在温热的炕上，只穿一件黑布裤头。黑布又厚又硬的样子，闪着亮光，令人厌恶。老一茬洼狸镇人，除了隋不召几乎都无一例外地肥胖起来了。老多多肚子光光绵绵，让人怀疑有些肿胀。他胡须斑白，满脸横肉，两腮有些奇怪的紫斑。有些发绿的嘴唇微微开启，一颗食牙从里面显露出来。见素看着这张脸，突然发现左边的一只眼是睁着的，心立刻怦怦跳动起来。他脚步牢牢地挺住，伸出一根手指在左眼上方移动，那半睁的眼睛一动不动。他轻轻地舒了口气。老多多粗粗地喘着，巨大的喉结活动不停。紧贴土炕的窄窄的窗台上，莫名其妙地放了一把砍骨刀。这把刀铁锈斑斑，刀背有指头那么厚，但刀刃儿极其锋锐。见素看着砍骨刀，突然脸上没有一点血色。他呆呆地站了一会儿，最后无声无响地退出门去。

Duoduo lay back to warm up, wearing only a pair of black trousers. Duoduo's belly appeared swollen, and his face was covered in wrinkles, with purple spots on his cheeks. His lips parted. Upon noticing one eye open, his heart raced. He cautiously approached, relieved when the eye didn't move as he touched above it. A rusty butcher knife lay on the narrow windowsill. Though rusted, its blade remained sharp. Seeing the knife, color drained from his face. He stood motionless for a before silently leaving the room.

I am this type of woman

2024-02-06T19:51:14Z

Wang Meifen:

=I am this type of woman=
==Introduction==
Author:月下蝶影 Butterfly's Shadow Beneath the Moon

Title: 我就是这般女子 I Am This Type of Woman

Full novel: https://www.zhenhunxiaoshuo.com/wojiushizhebannvzi/

Presentation:
==Summary==
"A stupid father with good luck, a kick-ass and protective mother, and a dandy younger brother all want a principal husband.
Her engagement has been broken off three times yet she does not panic.
Beautiful and magnificent clothes, golden beams in their house.
She has money, she has power, why would she need a husband?
This is a story about a garish woman who has had her engagement broken off three times and a hypocrite of a man."

Story set in ancient China. The main character is a beautiful noble lady who is said to be very vain, her family is also not liked among other nobles. But they have close-knit ties with the emperor, so without doing anything they get all they need to get through and on top of that, live in luxury.

At first the reader thinks, the main character - Ban Hua - has some dreams that predict future. In fact, it's her second time in life, she died in the previous one and it shows through her dreams. Ban Hua gets to see if the predicitions will come true or not.

The male lead is Rong Xia, though at first he doesn't appear much, later on he plays a key role as a romantic lead and the emperor.

==Translation==
This is the first chapter "Jilted". We get to know the Ban family:
- 班婳 main character (MC)
- 阴氏 mother of the MC
- 班淮 aka 静亭侯 father of the MC
- 阴氏 MC's younger brother.
As well as her ex's: 谢启临, 沈钰来.
Main character was jilted for the third time. She has a nightmare that predicts her family's downfall in five years.

==Anna Proskura==
金秋九月，本是丰收的好时节，但是静亭侯却躲在书房里砸了好几样瓷器，嘴里不停地骂骂咧咧，看起来不像是侯爷，倒更像是个市井流氓。
“在京城这个地界儿，敢得罪我班淮，老子弄死他！”
“父亲，您别生气，儿子这就出去找人揍他一顿。”
“你叫人揍他，我找皇上收拾他！”

In the fall of September, the Marquis of Jingting hid in his study room and smashed the porcelain, cursing incessantly. The man, who looked more like a street hooligan than a dignified gentleman, continuously shouted very unflattering epithets. He was displeased that Xie Qilin had insulted his daughter Ban Hua. To appease him, his son said that he would find someone who would beat him well, which pleased Jingting Hou Ye Fu. Jingting also said he would go to the emperor to have Xie Qilin punished.

==Asia Zawada==
“闹够了没有？”阴氏一脚踹开书房门，看着摩拳擦掌的父子俩，厉声呵斥道，“还嫌外面那些话传得不够难听是不是？”
静亭侯与儿子齐齐噤声，静亭侯把踩在椅子上的腿收了回来，静亭侯世子班恒把挽起来的袖子捋了下去。

==Ada Dan==
九月的天，阴氏愣是要扇着扇子才能勉强平复心底的怒气，她看也不看地上的碎瓷片，径直走到椅子上坐下，跟在她身后进来的丫鬟婆子们开始七手八脚的收拾起来。
瓷片撞来撞去的声音听得她心里火气更重，狠狠地瞪了父子二人一眼，素手一拍，桌面上的茶盏跟着跳了跳。

==Edyta Skorupa==
“不过是个乡野小地出来的东西，考上科举竟说要退婚，还摆出一副当初是我侯府逼婚他才不得不从的姿态，什么玩意儿？！”
“母、母亲，”班恒凑到阴氏面前，陪着笑脸道，“您且别动怒，天底下三条腿儿的蟾蜍不好找，两条腿的男人遍地都是，咱们家要收拾他，不过是动动嘴的事情，可别把您身子气坏了。”

==Ewa Kopania==
“我倒是不想生气，可你看看这都什么事儿？”
任哪个做母亲放在心尖尖上的女儿，被人退了三次婚，心里都畅快不起来。
她膝下仅一子一女，侯爷虽荒唐懒散，但不是贪花好色之人，所以家里并无妾侍通房，不过他也就这个优点能拿得出手了。

==Julia Dereżyńska==
当初女儿出生时，她跟一位闺中好友订了娃娃亲，哪知道那孩子长到三岁的时候得了一场天花夭折了。
女儿十三岁时，与忠平伯府嫡次子谢启临定亲，哪知道临出阁了，谢启临突然找到“真爱”，跟“真爱”私奔了。

At first when her daughter was born, she had arranged a childhood engagement with a good friend of hers, but the son died at three years old after contracting smallpox.

At the age of thirteen, her daughter had been betrothed to Xie Qilin, the second son of Zhongping Count’s house, just as she reached the age of marriage however, Xie Qilin suddenly found “True Love” in a brothel and eloped with her.

==Karol Perka==
害得外面都在传，她家姑娘是个草包，连一个丫鬟都比不上。
不然堂堂伯爷府的公子为什么宁可跟一个上不得台面的女人私奔，也不跟她成亲？
后来谢启临虽然被找了回来，但两家婚事黄了，从此两家人也不再来往，差点没成为仇人。

==Karolina Englert==
这次的事情更加荒唐，这个沈钰是是东洲沈氏偏支，勉强算得上当地的望族，来京城后对他们家姑娘一见钟情，哭着求着跟他家提亲七八次，结果他们家刚答应下来，他这厢又反口了。
退婚的时候，表面上说着配不上他们家，内里却是嫌弃她家姑娘口有美貌没有头脑，为人奢侈懒散，不是良配。

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
当初你没考上探花时咋不这么说？这会儿倒嫌弃她家姑娘奢侈了，他们静亭侯府有钱，愿意让自家姑娘奢侈点又怎么了？！
这厢班家三人气得食不下咽，那边被退婚的正主却还睡得正香。
班婳在做梦，这个梦很长，长到她醒来的时候，根本分不清这里是现实还是梦境。当她坐起身，看到外面挂着的珍珠帘，才恍然惊觉，她刚才是在做梦。

==Malwina Filipowicz==
对了，她刚才梦到什么了？
好像是她又被退婚，谁做了皇帝，她父亲冒犯新帝，被削去了爵位，然后他们全家就过上了苦巴巴的日子。
天啊，不能跟人攀比首饰，攀比华服的日子有多么可怕？
不能看那些人明明在背后骂她，表面却不得不恭敬她的憋屈样子，这人生该有多无聊？

==Natalia Gloc==
这个梦实在太晦气，她还是早点忘了好。
“乡君，”丫鬟抹着眼泪哭哭啼啼地走了进来，“沈探花竟然来退婚了。”
班婳软趴趴的腰杆顿时挺直起来：“退婚？”
完了，噩梦成真了！

==Paweł Andraszak==
她父亲不是静亭侯，那她弟弟就不是世子，她也不再是当今陛下亲封的乡君，她以后还怎么吃喝玩乐，打马遛狗赏花？
人生苦短，难道她只有短短几年的享乐时光了吗？
那个梦别的她没记住多少，自己不是乡君以后有多惨倒是记得清清楚楚。想到这，她顿时悲从心来，穿上鞋子披上衣服就往主院跑去。

The vision of her father losing his title, and thus her no longer being an honored Xiangjun, was absolutely terrifying to her. Ban Hua did not remember much about her dream; nevertheless, she knew how miserable and unhappy she was after losing her status as a Xiangjun. After pondering over this for a little while, she set aside her sorrow, dressed herself, and ran out to the yard.

==Wiktoria Wolny==
“乡君，您的头发！”
幸好静亭侯府的下人嘴严，不然到了明天，京城里的热点就会变成“静亭侯嫡女因退婚发狂，衣衫不整在家中狂奔。”
实际上，这也是静亭侯看到女儿后的第一个想法。
“我的乖女，”静亭侯看到女儿披头散发，衣衫不整的出现在书房，顿时嚎啕大哭起来，“乖女，咱不嫁了，明天爹去给买一打的面首回来，能文能武长得好，你喜欢哪个挑哪个。”

Fortunately, the servants of the Jingting Hou's residence were tight-lipped. Otherwise, the rumours in the capital would talk about the first daughter of Jingting Hou going crazy because of the broken engagement, and running wildly in her home with messy clothes. In fact, this was Jingting Hou's first thought upon seeing his daughter, so he tried to console her somehow, saying that he would buy her a dozen gigolos, and she could choose whichever one she liked.

==Zyta Rydz==
天下的男人都不是好东西，害得他女儿变成了这样。
这种时候，静亭侯已经把自己抛出了男人的范围。
班恒艳羡的瞥了姐姐一眼，他连个通房丫头都没有，也没见谁给他张罗一个，夜深人静红袖添香，也是雅事嘛。
“想都别想，”阴氏斜着眼睛瞪了儿子一眼，“你给我乖乖待在家里念书。”

All men are trash (༼ ༎ຶ ෴ ༎ຶ༽), causing his daughter to become like this. Jingting already removed himself from the category of men. Ban Hengyan glanced at his sister; he didn't even have a maid, let alone anyone to arrange one for him. 'Don't even think about it,' Yin Shi glared at her son with narrowed eyes. 'You stay at home and study obediently.'

==Aleks Urbańska==
“我、我什么都没想。”班恒觉得自己很委屈，明明他什么都没干，怎么就被母亲念叨了。

“你是从我肚子里生出来的，你那眼珠子一转，我就知道你想干什么，”阴氏看到女儿这个样子，心早就软了一半，恨不得手撕了那个沈钰。但是她担心自己的情绪影响到女儿，只得好言好语的劝导。

“你父亲刚才的话虽然糊涂，但是……”阴氏轻拍着女儿后背，察觉到她在不住的颤抖，便温声软语道，“天底下好男人多着呢，就算找不到也没关系，家里的铺子庄子田产都有你的份，你有钱有地位，怕什么呢。”

I am this type of woman

2024-01-30T04:08:11Z

Wang Meifen:

=I am this type of woman=
==Introduction==
Author:月下蝶影 Butterfly's Shadow Beneath the Moon

Title: 我就是这般女子 I Am This Type of Woman

Full novel: https://www.zhenhunxiaoshuo.com/wojiushizhebannvzi/

Presentation:
==Summary==
"A stupid father with good luck, a kick-ass and protective mother, and a dandy younger brother all want a principal husband.
Her engagement has been broken off three times yet she does not panic.
Beautiful and magnificent clothes, golden beams in their house.
She has money, she has power, why would she need a husband?
This is a story about a garish woman who has had her engagement broken off three times and a hypocrite of a man."

Story set in ancient China. The main character is a beautiful noble lady who is said to be very vain, her family is also not liked among other nobles. But they have close-knit ties with the emperor, so without doing anything they get all they need to get through and on top of that, live in luxury.

At first the reader thinks, the main character - Ban Hua - has some dreams that predict future. In fact, it's her second time in life, she died in the previous one and it shows through her dreams. Ban Hua gets to see if the predicitions will come true or not.

The male lead is Rong Xia, though at first he doesn't appear much, later on he plays a key role as a romantic lead and the emperor.

==Translation==
This is the first chapter "Jilted". We get to know the Ban family:
- 班婳 main character (MC)
- 阴氏 mother of the MC
- 班淮 aka 静亭侯 father of the MC
- 阴氏 MC's younger brother.
As well as her ex's: 谢启临, 沈钰来.
Main character was jilted for the third time. She has a nightmare that predicts her family's downfall in five years.

==Anna Proskura==
金秋九月，本是丰收的好时节，但是静亭侯却躲在书房里砸了好几样瓷器，嘴里不停地骂骂咧咧，看起来不像是侯爷，倒更像是个市井流氓。
“在京城这个地界儿，敢得罪我班淮，老子弄死他！”
“父亲，您别生气，儿子这就出去找人揍他一顿。”
“你叫人揍他，我找皇上收拾他！”

==Asia Zawada==
“闹够了没有？”阴氏一脚踹开书房门，看着摩拳擦掌的父子俩，厉声呵斥道，“还嫌外面那些话传得不够难听是不是？”
静亭侯与儿子齐齐噤声，静亭侯把踩在椅子上的腿收了回来，静亭侯世子班恒把挽起来的袖子捋了下去。

==Ada Dan==
九月的天，阴氏愣是要扇着扇子才能勉强平复心底的怒气，她看也不看地上的碎瓷片，径直走到椅子上坐下，跟在她身后进来的丫鬟婆子们开始七手八脚的收拾起来。
瓷片撞来撞去的声音听得她心里火气更重，狠狠地瞪了父子二人一眼，素手一拍，桌面上的茶盏跟着跳了跳。

==Edyta Skorupa==
“不过是个乡野小地出来的东西，考上科举竟说要退婚，还摆出一副当初是我侯府逼婚他才不得不从的姿态，什么玩意儿？！”
“母、母亲，”班恒凑到阴氏面前，陪着笑脸道，“您且别动怒，天底下三条腿儿的蟾蜍不好找，两条腿的男人遍地都是，咱们家要收拾他，不过是动动嘴的事情，可别把您身子气坏了。”

==Ewa Kopania==
“我倒是不想生气，可你看看这都什么事儿？”
任哪个做母亲放在心尖尖上的女儿，被人退了三次婚，心里都畅快不起来。
她膝下仅一子一女，侯爷虽荒唐懒散，但不是贪花好色之人，所以家里并无妾侍通房，不过他也就这个优点能拿得出手了。

==Julia Dereżyńska==
当初女儿出生时，她跟一位闺中好友订了娃娃亲，哪知道那孩子长到三岁的时候得了一场天花夭折了。
女儿十三岁时，与忠平伯府嫡次子谢启临定亲，哪知道临出阁了，谢启临突然找到“真爱”，跟“真爱”私奔了。

==Karol Perka==
害得外面都在传，她家姑娘是个草包，连一个丫鬟都比不上。
不然堂堂伯爷府的公子为什么宁可跟一个上不得台面的女人私奔，也不跟她成亲？
后来谢启临虽然被找了回来，但两家婚事黄了，从此两家人也不再来往，差点没成为仇人。

==Karolina Englert==
这次的事情更加荒唐，这个沈钰是是东洲沈氏偏支，勉强算得上当地的望族，来京城后对他们家姑娘一见钟情，哭着求着跟他家提亲七八次，结果他们家刚答应下来，他这厢又反口了。
退婚的时候，表面上说着配不上他们家，内里却是嫌弃她家姑娘口有美貌没有头脑，为人奢侈懒散，不是良配。

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
当初你没考上探花时咋不这么说？这会儿倒嫌弃她家姑娘奢侈了，他们静亭侯府有钱，愿意让自家姑娘奢侈点又怎么了？！
这厢班家三人气得食不下咽，那边被退婚的正主却还睡得正香。
班婳在做梦，这个梦很长，长到她醒来的时候，根本分不清这里是现实还是梦境。当她坐起身，看到外面挂着的珍珠帘，才恍然惊觉，她刚才是在做梦。

==Malwina Filipowicz==
对了，她刚才梦到什么了？
好像是她又被退婚，谁做了皇帝，她父亲冒犯新帝，被削去了爵位，然后他们全家就过上了苦巴巴的日子。
天啊，不能跟人攀比首饰，攀比华服的日子有多么可怕？
不能看那些人明明在背后骂她，表面却不得不恭敬她的憋屈样子，这人生该有多无聊？

==Natalia Gloc==
这个梦实在太晦气，她还是早点忘了好。
“乡君，”丫鬟抹着眼泪哭哭啼啼地走了进来，“沈探花竟然来退婚了。”
班婳软趴趴的腰杆顿时挺直起来：“退婚？”
完了，噩梦成真了！

==Paweł Andraszak==
她父亲不是静亭侯，那她弟弟就不是世子，她也不再是当今陛下亲封的乡君，她以后还怎么吃喝玩乐，打马遛狗赏花？
人生苦短，难道她只有短短几年的享乐时光了吗？
那个梦别的她没记住多少，自己不是乡君以后有多惨倒是记得清清楚楚。想到这，她顿时悲从心来，穿上鞋子披上衣服就往主院跑去。

==Wikotria Wolny==
“乡君，您的头发！”
幸好静亭侯府的下人嘴严，不然到了明天，京城里的热点就会变成“静亭侯嫡女因退婚发狂，衣衫不整在家中狂奔。”
实际上，这也是静亭侯看到女儿后的第一个想法。
“我的乖女，”静亭侯看到女儿披头散发，衣衫不整的出现在书房，顿时嚎啕大哭起来，“乖女，咱不嫁了，明天爹去给买一打的面首回来，能文能武长得好，你喜欢哪个挑哪个。”

==Zyta Rydz==
天下的男人都不是好东西，害得他女儿变成了这样。
这种时候，静亭侯已经把自己抛出了男人的范围。
班恒艳羡的瞥了姐姐一眼，他连个通房丫头都没有，也没见谁给他张罗一个，夜深人静红袖添香，也是雅事嘛。
“想都别想，”阴氏斜着眼睛瞪了儿子一眼，“你给我乖乖待在家里念书。”

I am this type of woman

2024-01-30T03:45:57Z

Wang Meifen:

=I am this type of woman=
==Introduction==
Author:月下蝶影 Butterfly's Shadow Beneath the Moon
Title: 我就是这般女子 I Am This Type of Woman
Full novel: https://www.zhenhunxiaoshuo.com/wojiushizhebannvzi/
Presentation:
==Summary==
"A stupid father with good luck, a kick-ass and protective mother, and a dandy younger brother all want a principal husband.
Her engagement has been broken off three times yet she does not panic.
Beautiful and magnificent clothes, golden beams in their house.
She has money, she has power, why would she need a husband?
This is a story about a garish woman who has had her engagement broken off three times and a hypocrite of a man."

Story set in ancient China. The main character is a beautiful noble lady who is said to be very vain, her family is also not liked among other nobles. But they have close-knit ties with the emperor, so without doing anything they get all they need to get through and on top of that, live in luxury.

At first the reader thinks, the main character - Ban Hua - has some dreams that predict future. In fact, it's her second time in life, she died in the previous one and it shows through her dreams. Ban Hua gets to see if the predicitions will come true or not.

The male lead is Rong Xia, though at first he doesn't appear much, later on he plays a key role as a romantic lead and the emperor.

==Translation==
This is the first chapter "Jilted". We get to know the Ban family:
- 班婳 main character (MC)
- 阴氏 mother of the MC
- 班淮 aka 静亭侯 father of the MC
- 阴氏 MC's younger brother.
As well as her ex's: 谢启临, 沈钰来.
Main character was jilted for the third time. She has a nightmare that predicts her family's downfall in five years.

==Anna Proskura==
金秋九月，本是丰收的好时节，但是静亭侯却躲在书房里砸了好几样瓷器，嘴里不停地骂骂咧咧，看起来不像是侯爷，倒更像是个市井流氓。
“在京城这个地界儿，敢得罪我班淮，老子弄死他！”
“父亲，您别生气，儿子这就出去找人揍他一顿。”
“你叫人揍他，我找皇上收拾他！”

==Asia Zawada==
“闹够了没有？”阴氏一脚踹开书房门，看着摩拳擦掌的父子俩，厉声呵斥道，“还嫌外面那些话传得不够难听是不是？”
静亭侯与儿子齐齐噤声，静亭侯把踩在椅子上的腿收了回来，静亭侯世子班恒把挽起来的袖子捋了下去。

==Ada Dan==
九月的天，阴氏愣是要扇着扇子才能勉强平复心底的怒气，她看也不看地上的碎瓷片，径直走到椅子上坐下，跟在她身后进来的丫鬟婆子们开始七手八脚的收拾起来。
瓷片撞来撞去的声音听得她心里火气更重，狠狠地瞪了父子二人一眼，素手一拍，桌面上的茶盏跟着跳了跳。

==Edyta Skorupa==
“不过是个乡野小地出来的东西，考上科举竟说要退婚，还摆出一副当初是我侯府逼婚他才不得不从的姿态，什么玩意儿？！”
“母、母亲，”班恒凑到阴氏面前，陪着笑脸道，“您且别动怒，天底下三条腿儿的蟾蜍不好找，两条腿的男人遍地都是，咱们家要收拾他，不过是动动嘴的事情，可别把您身子气坏了。”

==Ewa Kopania==
“我倒是不想生气，可你看看这都什么事儿？”
任哪个做母亲放在心尖尖上的女儿，被人退了三次婚，心里都畅快不起来。
她膝下仅一子一女，侯爷虽荒唐懒散，但不是贪花好色之人，所以家里并无妾侍通房，不过他也就这个优点能拿得出手了。

==Julia Dereżyńska==
当初女儿出生时，她跟一位闺中好友订了娃娃亲，哪知道那孩子长到三岁的时候得了一场天花夭折了。
女儿十三岁时，与忠平伯府嫡次子谢启临定亲，哪知道临出阁了，谢启临突然找到“真爱”，跟“真爱”私奔了。

==Karol Perka==
害得外面都在传，她家姑娘是个草包，连一个丫鬟都比不上。
不然堂堂伯爷府的公子为什么宁可跟一个上不得台面的女人私奔，也不跟她成亲？
后来谢启临虽然被找了回来，但两家婚事黄了，从此两家人也不再来往，差点没成为仇人。

==Karolina Englert==
这次的事情更加荒唐，这个沈钰是是东洲沈氏偏支，勉强算得上当地的望族，来京城后对他们家姑娘一见钟情，哭着求着跟他家提亲七八次，结果他们家刚答应下来，他这厢又反口了。
退婚的时候，表面上说着配不上他们家，内里却是嫌弃她家姑娘口有美貌没有头脑，为人奢侈懒散，不是良配。

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
当初你没考上探花时咋不这么说？这会儿倒嫌弃她家姑娘奢侈了，他们静亭侯府有钱，愿意让自家姑娘奢侈点又怎么了？！
这厢班家三人气得食不下咽，那边被退婚的正主却还睡得正香。
班婳在做梦，这个梦很长，长到她醒来的时候，根本分不清这里是现实还是梦境。当她坐起身，看到外面挂着的珍珠帘，才恍然惊觉，她刚才是在做梦。

==Malwina Filipowicz==
对了，她刚才梦到什么了？
好像是她又被退婚，谁做了皇帝，她父亲冒犯新帝，被削去了爵位，然后他们全家就过上了苦巴巴的日子。
天啊，不能跟人攀比首饰，攀比华服的日子有多么可怕？
不能看那些人明明在背后骂她，表面却不得不恭敬她的憋屈样子，这人生该有多无聊？

==Natalia Gloc==
这个梦实在太晦气，她还是早点忘了好。
“乡君，”丫鬟抹着眼泪哭哭啼啼地走了进来，“沈探花竟然来退婚了。”
班婳软趴趴的腰杆顿时挺直起来：“退婚？”
完了，噩梦成真了！

==Paweł Andraszak==
她父亲不是静亭侯，那她弟弟就不是世子，她也不再是当今陛下亲封的乡君，她以后还怎么吃喝玩乐，打马遛狗赏花？
人生苦短，难道她只有短短几年的享乐时光了吗？
那个梦别的她没记住多少，自己不是乡君以后有多惨倒是记得清清楚楚。想到这，她顿时悲从心来，穿上鞋子披上衣服就往主院跑去。

==Wikotria Wolny==
“乡君，您的头发！”
幸好静亭侯府的下人嘴严，不然到了明天，京城里的热点就会变成“静亭侯嫡女因退婚发狂，衣衫不整在家中狂奔。”
实际上，这也是静亭侯看到女儿后的第一个想法。
“我的乖女，”静亭侯看到女儿披头散发，衣衫不整的出现在书房，顿时嚎啕大哭起来，“乖女，咱不嫁了，明天爹去给买一打的面首回来，能文能武长得好，你喜欢哪个挑哪个。”

==Zyta Rydz==
天下的男人都不是好东西，害得他女儿变成了这样。
这种时候，静亭侯已经把自己抛出了男人的范围。
班恒艳羡的瞥了姐姐一眼，他连个通房丫头都没有，也没见谁给他张罗一个，夜深人静红袖添香，也是雅事嘛。
“想都别想，”阴氏斜着眼睛瞪了儿子一眼，“你给我乖乖待在家里念书。”

I am this type of woman

2024-01-30T03:09:52Z

Wang Meifen:

=I am this type of woman=
==Introduction==
Author:月下蝶影 Butterfly's Shadow Beneath the Moon
Title: 我就是这般女子 I Am This Type of Woman
Full novel:
Presentation:
==Summary==

==Translation==
==Anna Proskura==
金秋九月，本是丰收的好时节，但是静亭侯却躲在书房里砸了好几样瓷器，嘴里不停地骂骂咧咧，看起来不像是侯爷，倒更像是个市井流氓。

==Asia Zawada==
“在京城这个地界儿，敢得罪我班淮，老子弄死他！”
“父亲，您别生气，儿子这就出去找人揍他一顿。”
“你叫人揍他，我找皇上收拾他！”

==Ada Dan==
“闹够了没有？”阴氏一脚踹开书房门，看着摩拳擦掌的父子俩，厉声呵斥道，“还嫌外面那些话传得不够难听是不是？”

==Edyta Skorupa==
静亭侯与儿子齐齐噤声，静亭侯把踩在椅子上的腿收了回来，静亭侯世子班恒把挽起来的袖子捋了下去。

==Ewa Kopania==
九月的天，阴氏愣是要扇着扇子才能勉强平复心底的怒气，她看也不看地上的碎瓷片，径直走到椅子上坐下，跟在她身后进来的丫鬟婆子们开始七手八脚的收拾起来。

==Julia Dereżyńska==
瓷片撞来撞去的声音听得她心里火气更重，狠狠地瞪了父子二人一眼，素手一拍，桌面上的茶盏跟着跳了跳。

==Karol Perka==
“不过是个乡野小地出来的东西，考上科举竟说要退婚，还摆出一副当初是我侯府逼婚他才不得不从的姿态，什么玩意儿？！”

==Karolina Englert==
“母、母亲，”班恒凑到阴氏面前，陪着笑脸道，“您且别动怒，天底下三条腿儿的蟾蜍不好找，两条腿的男人遍地都是，咱们家要收拾他，不过是动动嘴的事情，可别把您身子气坏了。”

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
“我倒是不想生气，可你看看这都什么事儿？”
任哪个做母亲放在心尖尖上的女儿，被人退了三次婚，心里都畅快不起来。

==Malwina Filipowicz==
她膝下仅一子一女，侯爷虽荒唐懒散，但不是贪花好色之人，所以家里并无妾侍通房，不过他也就这个优点能拿得出手了。

==Natalia Gloc==
当初女儿出生时，她跟一位闺中好友订了娃娃亲，哪知道那孩子长到三岁的时候得了一场天花夭折了。

==Paweł Andraszak==
女儿十三岁时，与忠平伯府嫡次子谢启临定亲，哪知道临出阁了，谢启临突然找到“真爱”，跟“真爱”私奔了。

==Wikotria Wolny==
害得外面都在传，她家姑娘是个草包，连一个丫鬟都比不上。
不然堂堂伯爷府的公子为什么宁可跟一个上不得台面的女人私奔，也不跟她成亲？

==Zyta Rydz==
后来谢启临虽然被找了回来，但两家婚事黄了，从此两家人也不再来往，差点没成为仇人。

Critical Review of Chinese Literature

2024-01-25T09:20:38Z

Wang Meifen: /* Session 12: Tuesday Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Web literature, presented by 王美芬, 晏黎 */

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury
chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Please follow this link to the [[crit_lit_20230131|final paper]] page. Please list your topics there and start writing as soon as you get the ok by the teacher.
=Session 1: Organizational Things and Self-Introduction=
*教学助理 - Karolina [[Teaching assistant]]
*维基管理员 - Malwina [[Wiki admin]]
==Student roll (1st year Master)==
#Gabriela Krukowska 王美芬大學老師和教育翻譯電腦游戲本地化
#Ewa Kopania 田小龍外交官對亞洲、歷史感興趣，因爲瞭解到日本的歷史責任轉到對中國感興趣喜歡讀書 23，畢業以後參加外交部的考試
#Zyta Rydz 魏雨昕新疆語言政策筆譯翻譯喜歡文學
#Asia (Joanna) Zawada 金樂金乐中国人觉得他们的精英怎么样？古代和20世紀的中國人翻譯波蘭文學翻譯成漢語，數學數據分析
#Karol Perka 康明傑在中國文學裏翻譯成中文的西方外文名稱，外語，老師
#Malwina Filipowicz 李美琳對中國文化感興趣，外語，翻譯
#Anna Proskura 張宇璇外語（俄語、烏克蘭語、波蘭語、漢語、英語）
#Julia Dereżyṅska 楊思藝外語（俄語、英語、漢語、波蘭語、韓文）、lgbt的詞語、語言分析
#Paweł Andraszak 安浩阳中國文化，文學，歷史中國農村宗教（武俠電影）
#Aleksandra Urbanska 晏黎动物象征，对仙侠电视剧的影响外语（英語老師、波蘭語、漢語）以後要學韓語、泰語西哈(Hip Hop)跳舞
#Karolina Englert 安凱榕華沙大學、中醫：氣功的發展
#Natalia Gloc 裴夢姣翻譯粵語、中國方言和文字
#Edyta Skorupa 艾希從小對中國文化感興趣，要儅漢語老師成都方言（語法）
#Wiktoria Wolny 王曉彤中國文化和文學、喜歡看文學、相當筆譯，翻譯小説，奇幻小説（Fantasy）中國長篇小説的兩種英文翻譯
#Ada Dan 愛答外語、俄語、學西班牙語營業代表喜歡音樂，自己創造音樂跳舞（Dance Hall）美國和中國在天空的比賽現在：文學題目

===课程安排 Schedule of Literary Works (schedule, topics and presenters - please add your name)===
Please write your names behind the topics
*1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424 Organizational things
*2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15 Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: "Trampled Green"
*3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
*4 Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West) 康明杰 Karol Perka, 艾希 Edyta Skorupa
*5 Dec 7 8:00-9:30 Ming novels II (The Scholars, Outlaws of the Marsh) 杨思艺 Julia Dereżyṅska
*6 Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams) 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China) 李美琳 Malwina Filipowicz, (Kang Youwei: Datong shu) 王晓彤 Wiktoria Wolny
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) 魏雨昕 Zyta Rydz
*9 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Mo Yan) 安浩阳 Paweł Andraszak, （Wang Meng）苏诗美 Lena Rzeznikowska
*10 Thu Jan 25 8:00-9:30 Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong) 张宇璇 Anna Proskura; 金乐 Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*11 Fri Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska, 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbanska
*12 Tue Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答 Ada Dan
*13 Thu Feb 1 8:00-9:30 , Science Fiction II 田小龙 Ewa Kopania
*14 Fri Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Final Paper (homework)

=Session 2: Su Dongpo - Families on a Spring Outing=
'''和子由踏青'''
Go on a Spring Outing with [my little brother] Ziyou

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。

The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths

Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。

For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,

the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。

The city inhabitants detest the city walls

at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。

The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,

baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Wiktoria: Who is he who calls himself a Taoist among the crowd gathered around him? He blocks the way and sells talismans with an angry expression.

Julia: Who’s the one that claims to be a Taoist? Everyone gathers around him as he’s blocking the pathway, selling talismans with an angry expression.

Malwina: Who gathered the crowd and calls himself a Taoist?
The one that is blocking the road, who sells talismans with angry expression.

Sandra: Who is gathering a crowd, calling himself a Taoist?
Blocking the road and selling Taoist charms in anger:

Ada: Who draws the crowd? The taoist, who is blocking the road and is selling talismans with an angry frown.

Asia: Who is there that claims to be a Taoist, attracting everyone around to watch?
I saw him blocking the road to sell talismans, blushing and boasting about them

Anna: Who calls himself a Taoist, gathering crowds of people to watch?
He is blocking the road and selling talismans with an angry expression on his face:

Natalia: Who is that person, this Taoist priest? Blocking the way and selling talismans - with an angry expression he proclaims:

Edyta: Who is the person who calls himself a Taoist? The crowd gathering among him covers the road. He sells talismans with an angry expression saying:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Wiktoria: “It should cause your silkworms to make cocoons as big as urns, it should cause your sheep to become as big as deer.”

Julia: „It will make your silkworm cocoons as big as clay jars and your sheep as meaty as deer .”

Malwina: “It will cause the cocoons of your silkworms to be as big as urns, your sheep to be as big as deer.”

Sandra: "Suitable for silkworms, their cocoons will be like urns,
suitable for livestock, it will be like elk."

Ada: “It will make your silkworms build cocoons as firm as a jar and will make your sheep grow as big as a stag”

Asia: “My talisman can make your domestic silkworm cocoon as big as an urn, and your sheep as round as a roe.”

Anna: "My talisman will enable you to raise silkworms with cocoons as big as urns, and sheep as round as deer."

Natalia: „Your silkworm cocoons will be as solid as urns, your sheep will be as vital as stags.”

Edyta: "My talismans will provide silkworms with cocoons as large as clay jars, and sheep the size of deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Wiktoria: Passers-by may not believe in these words. Still, they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

Julia: The people walking by don’t necessarily believe these words, but they reluctantly buy the talismans for good luck in the New Year anyway.

Malwina: People walking by may not necessarily believe his words,but they still reluctantly buy the talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

Sandra: Passers-by may not believe his words,
but they reluctantly buy the charms to celebrate the New Year.

Ada: The crowd does not really trust these words, yet they buy the talismans to pray for blessings with the New Year.

Asia: People may not believe what he said, but they reluctantly bought it and wore it on their bodies just to show their good luck in the New Year.

Anna: Passers-by on the street may not necessarily believe his words, but they reluctantly bought and wore it just for the sake of good luck in the New Year.

Natalia: The people on the streets may not believed the Taoist’s words, yet still they reluctantly bought his talismans – just to secure good fortune for this New Year.

Edyta: Passers-by may not be entirely convinced of the truth of the Taoist's words, but reluctantly bought his talismans in order to protect good fortune in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Wiktoria: The Taoist earns the money and goes directly to buy some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: “My talismans truly are effective!”

Julia: When the Taoist earns enough money from the sale, he goes and buys some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: „My talismans really are working!”

Malwina：When the Taoist earned enough money, he went straight to buy himself some wine, in a drunken state he declared himself a talisman god!

Sandra: After obtaining the money, the Taoist buys wine straight away,
drunkenly calling himself a charm god!

Ada: After collecting the money, the taoist goes straight to buy wine. He collapses drunkenly and calls himself the talisman god.

Asia: When the Taoist could finally afford it, he went to buy wine and drink it by himself. After he got drunk, he ensured himself that his talismans were really spiritual.

Anna: The Taoist earned money from the sale and went to buy wine to drink, got drunk and said to himself: "My talisman can really work!"

Natalia: When the Taoist obtained the money, he directly went to buy some wine, and then in a drunk state, he called himself the god of talismans.

Edyta: When the Taoist had earned enough money, he went to buy some wine. After he got drunk, proudly called himself the god of talismans!

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Karol: Who in the crowd is a Taoist?
The one blocking the road that sells talismans, visibly angry:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Karol: "It suits the silkworms - cocoons of your silkworms will be as thick as an urn,
It suits the livestock, your sheep will be as big as deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Karol:Passers-by may not believe these words, yet they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them
for protection from bad luck in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Karol: The Taoist earns the money and goes straightaway to buy some wine,
Drunk, he says to himself: "My talismans are working!".
'''和子由踏青'''

Paweł(安浩阳）: Treading the green
Aleksandra（晏黎）：Green spring outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Paweł: East wind stirs fine dust on the pathways,

fine opportunity for strollers to enjoy the new spring

Aleksandra: Eastern spring wind flutters fine dust on paths,
wanderers can enjoy the first taste of the new season.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Paweł: Season of idleness, just right for drinking by the side of the road,

to be crushed by carriage wheels - too short is the grain,

Aleksandra: Idleness period, just in time for drinks by the roadside,
even the short grain does not fear the carriage wheels.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Paweł: City people detest the walls which surround them,

they bustle loudly at the break of day and leave the whole town empty,

Aleksandra: Residents of the city loathe the surrounding walls,
thundering at daybreak, vacating the town.

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Paweł: Songs and rhythms shake the hills, grass and trees tremble,

picnic baskets scattered in the fields where crows pick them over,

Aleksandra: Songs and drums rattle the mountains, flora trembles,
baskets and ladles scattered on the fields where crows batten.

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Paweł: Who is the one who draws the crowds there? A Taoist priest,

blocking the pathway, selling charms and frowning,

Aleksandra: Who is the one known as the Taoist priest gathering the crowds?
Blocks the way, selling talismans and scowling:

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Paweł: "It is good for silkworms - cocoons will be just like pots of water,

it is good for livestock, your sheep will be as big as a deer",

Aleksandra: "Ideal for silkworms, your cocoons will be as urns,
ideal for livestock, you sheep will be as deer."

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Paweł: People passing by are not sure they believe his words,

yet they buy these charms in order to consecrate the spring,

Aleksandra: Passing people do not necessarily trust those words,
yet reluctantly buy the talismans to bless the new spring.

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Paweł: The Taoist priest takes their money, and goes to a winehouse,

completely drunk he mumbles: "The charms, they really work!"

Aleksandra: The Taoist priest takes the money, directly goes to buy the wine,
and drunkenly proclaims himself a talisman god!

'''Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng'''

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

'''和子由踏青'''

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

'''Trampled green'''

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

[[File:Trampled_Green.jpg|500px|thumb|left|Su Shi: Trampled Green]]

==End of Session 2==
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=Session 3: Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju)=
===Task: Please read the [[English Summary of Dou E]]===
===Original Text: Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to [[Dou E]]”===
See also the Reader.

===Task: Please read your part of the original text and make a 3-sentence summary at the end of our part===

=Session 4: Ming novels I=
Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West)
==Journey to the West==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Journey to the West]] by 康明杰 Karol Perka

The novel is extremely popular among children in Asia. This novel is one of the 4 Outstanding Novels 四大名著, and especially in Japan and Korea a best seller, next to the Three Kingdoms. The novel "Red Chamber Dreams" is more popular in Europe. One of the reasons may be, that the novel has animal characters and especially animals which are not so famous like monkeys and pigs.

The historical background of the novel is that from the 1st Century AD buddhism came to China. In Tang Dynasty, Buddhist religion flourished in China and among the first monks who travelled from China to India to collect Buddhist scriptures was 玄奘 Xuánzàng (600-664) n. 〈hist.〉 Budd. priest, also known as San Zang or Tripitaka. He visited India 629-645 and returned with many Buddhist scriptures, so called "sutra". The novel uses this historical setting, but one of the legendary accompaniers, Sun Wukong, the monkey king, becomes the new protagonist.

==Three Kingdoms==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] by 艾希 Edyta Skorupa

'''Explanations to prepare ppt and texts:'''

Every student preparing a topic in class is asked to find the original Chinese text (they are all available on the internet), create a link under the respective session with a second page (the wiki admin can help with it), copy the full text there (if the text is too long, you will have to be split it in several websites (the wiki admin can help) or you simply select only extracts from it which you find worth reading. Please also select a part of the text, which the wiki admin can split again into small sections, each student only needs to read a small section and write a short summary in English beneath (as you know from the Yuan zaju). The Wiki admin then makes another link from the course homepage to the homework section of the text.

The presentations should be in powerpoint format, be uploaded to the course website in advance and should introduce the text, embed it in its social-historical context including relevant information about the author etc. You should also take some examples from the text and explain them, so that the fellow students understand your approach to the text. This presentation can be about 15 minutes. I will continue to present the text after the powerpoint, but the student should stay in front in order to develop the teaching sometimes in dialogue form. For the 2nd part of the class, the presenting student should prepare something interactive, e.g. hand out paper sheets with short texts and ask fellow students to enact the story with the help of the paper sheets. You should also use mentimeter.com to make a short survey or get feedback etc.

You cannot read so many books in just a few days. Don't forget that you still have other courses and homework. So please just provide summaries to read for the students and small extracts which the students should actually read to get an impression of the original text.

Every student should do a presentation. If there are less sessions than students, two students will have to present in the same session. However, every student should still have his/her own topic. In some sessions, there are more works in one session, and then two students can pick one work each.

There are not many sessions covered with the Reader. You will have to look for most of the texts online, but they are easy to find.

==Grades for translaltion homework "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada (+100)
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa (+100)
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Sandra Piechowiak (+100)

==Grades for translation homework - "The Journey to the West" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada (+100)
*Karol Perka (+100)
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa (+100)
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Sandra Piechowiak (+100)

=Session 5: Ming novels II=
Dec 7 8:00-9:30 (This is session no. 5 Ming novels II (Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) 杨思艺
==Outlaws of the Marsh==
Dec 7, 2023, 8:00-9:30, room 413

'''Presentation''' and homework [[Outlaws of the Marsh]] by Julia 杨思艺 Julia Dereżyṅska

Outlaws of the Marsh is a long heroic legend and it is one of the long masterpieces in ancient China. The story is created on the basis of Song Jiang uprising as the clue. The novel is one of the classical long vernacular novels loved mostly by Chinese. It is written in the Ming Dynasty. On the basis of stories, colloquial stories and dramas about the Marsh since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the author processed stories and created the novel. The book takes the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang as the main subject and presents an artistic reproduction of moving and tragic picture of ancient Chinese fighting against oppression to carry out heroic struggles. It fully exposes corruption and brutality of the feudal ruling class, revealing sharp and opposing social conflicts and the cruel reality that "people are forced to rebel by officials ".

==Grades for translation homework - "Outlaws of the Marsh" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska (+100)
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz (+100)
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura (+100)
*Julia Dereżyṅska (+100)
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska (+100)
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan (+100)
*Lena Rzeźnikowska (+100)
*Malwina Filipowicz (+100)
*Karolina Englert (+100)

==The Scholars==
儒林外史 Inofficial History of Confucian Scholars

=Session 6: Qing novel I=
Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novel I (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams I) 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc

See Reader.

==Dream of the Red Chamber==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Dream of the Red Chamber]] by 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc

Short introduction: "Dream of the Red Chamber" is one of the most important classical novels in the history of Chinese literature (one of the 四大著名). It was written in the 18th century (during the reign of the Qing dynasty) by Cao Xueqin. The author's approach shattered conventions in traditional Chinese fiction, setting a new standard for literary expression, as the characters created by him, are neither fully good nor fully bad. The whole number of characters that appeared in the novel is almost 400 (with 40 major characters). The main plot of this book is focused on 贾宝玉 and his affection towards 林黛玉, however, we can not overlook the fact that it also presents a detailed portrayal of Chinese culture and Chinese society during that time.

==Grades for translation homework - "Dream of the Red Chamber" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska (+100)
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz (+100)
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura (+100)
*Julia Dereżyṅska (+100)
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc (+100)
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan (+100)
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz (+100)
*Karolina Englert (+100)

=Session 7: Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Dystopian literature=
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature
#Liang Qichao: The Future of New China 李美琳 Malwina Filipowicz
#Kang Youwei: Datong shu 王晓彤 Wiktoria Wolny

==The Book of Great Unity==

'''Presentation''' and homework: [[Datong Shu]] by Wiktoria 王晓彤

Short introduction: In the early twentieth century, the great Chinese thinker and reformer Kang Youwei wrote a book entitled ''Datong shu'' (The Book of Great Unity) in which he put forward an original and radical interpretation of “datong”. The book describes the long march of mankind from division to unity, while defying any strict categorization. It describes the “world of tomorrow” with its technological, political, and social wonders, it also includes significant pieces of historical, political, religious, and scientific literature dealing with the past and the present.

==The Future of New China==

Presentation and homework:

[[The Future of New China]] ૮ ・ﻌ・ა by Malwina Filipowicz 李美琳

The Future of New China is a political novel by Liang Qichao. The novel was published in the year 1902 and predicts the prosperity of the "New China" 60 years later. One of the main characters Huang Keqiang (黃興) advocates a constitutional monarchy, and on the other hand, his son Li Laijie (李去病) advocates a french-style revolution. The two sides engage in a heated debate!

==Teacher information: Liang Qichao==
Liang Qichao, An account of the Future of New China, 1902

Liang Qichao, offered an alternative reading of the stages China would take on the road to Great Harmony in an unfinished work on the future, composed in 1902, entitled An Account of the Future of New China (Liang, 1902). The centrepiece of the story is a series of speeches on 'China's History these Sixty Years Past' delivered to an international assembly in Shanghai, 'on the first day of the first month in the Year of Confucius 2513 ... or 1962 on the Western calendar'. The fictional speaker was Kong Juemin, a descendant of Confucius (Kong) whose given name (Juemin) meant 'awaken the people'. The fictional occasion was the 50th anniversary of the birth of New China, an anniversary that fortuitously marked the founding of the International Peace Congress in 1962 following the 'Hungarian Conference' some years before. The event marked the birth of Great Harmony on earth.

By Liang's account, world leaders selected New China to host the launch of the new international body in recognition of that country's role in planning and creating the new global order. Leaders and dignitaries from all major countries gathered in China in January 1962 to attend the two ceremonies, one commemorating the achievements of New China and the other the birth of the new global order. Visiting dignitaries included the King and Queen of Britain, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and the Presidents (take note: "presidents" predicts Liang) of Russia, Hungary and the Philippines. Lesser dignatories, including religious leaders of all persuasions ('this is known as Great Harmony') met in Shanghai along with thousands of scholars and tens of thousands of university students from around the globe (Liang, 1902: 2-3).

Among the men and women who crowded into Kong's lectures on the history of the past 60 years were 1000 foreigners, all fluent in Chinese. Since the start of the reform era, the author points out, thousands of American and European students had come to learn the language in order to keep up with developments in China. By 1962, some 30,000 foreign students were enrolled in local universities and colleges. Most preferred to stay in China. To the time in question (1962) fewer than 1200 students had returned to their home countries to work. The West had a serious brain-drain problem on its hands.

Kong began his lectures reflecting on the qualities that had made China a great power, specifically patriotism, selflessness and democracy. China succeeded because its people had learned to put their country before themselves (Liang, 1902: 5). This marked a radical break with 'Old China': 'Our China died long ago ... in fact this is the point [of departure] for the continuation of New China'. By 1962, China had become a liberal democracy with three major parties competing for ascendancy: a centralist State Power Party (guoquandang), a decentralist Patriotic Self-Government Party (Aiguo zizhidang) and a party committed to the well-being of the individual, the Liberal Party (ziyoudang). Each of these parties had its origins in an earlier Constitutional Party (xianzhengdang), founded in 1902, consisting of a grand alliance of all existing reformist, revolutionary and secret society organisations which combined forces to introduce constitutional government to China. Three core principles governed the organisation of this seminal political alliance: first, that the choice of a monarchical, republican or federalist constitution should be determined by public plebiscite. That is to say, all members' agreed to implement constitutional rule according to the wishes of the people, irrespective of their differences over the form that the constitution should take.

Second, the party's rules and procedures for dealing with internal matters should reflect those that an enlightened government would employ in governing a country. Third, party membership was open to all who shared the constitutional aims of the party, and conferred equality on members regardless of their social status, profession or gender (Liang, 1902: 7-8).

This brief narrative history of New China to 1962 occupies only a small part of Kong Juemin's talks. By far the longest section of the lectures is devoted to a verbatim account of an old debate between two founding members of the Constitutional Party about China's future. One was Huang Keqiang, son of a noted Cantonese scholar. Old Mr Huang despatched his son and another student, Li Yunbing, to Britain to study English and learn the ways of the West. He prepared them for their departure by exposing them to the works of Kang Youwei (Liang Qichao's own teacher, and the author of Great Harmony Philosophy, 1902 [1935]), and by introducing them to Tan Sitong, who was just completing his Renxue (1896, noted above). They were among the first to read the work.

On reaching England they gained entry to Oxford. They graduated around the time of the 'Hundred Days Reform', in 1898, an actual historical event associated with Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong and a party of their supporters and students, including the author of the story himself, Liang Qichao.

The tragic outcome of the reforms forced the two students to delay their return to China.

Their return was precipitated by the discovery that the universal truths they had been seeking in Europe were compromised by the Europeans themselves.

The prevailing mood in Europe soured against China around the time of the Boxer Uprising in 1900. The two young men observed that Kaiser Wilhelm II, author of the Yellow Peril scare, now 'said many things that were not in keeping with human morality' and that the German press resorted to terms such as 'pigtails' and 'yellow monkeys' in referring to the Chinese people. This encounter with racism in Europe inaugurates their journey home, and launches them into their dialogue on the future of China (Liang 1902: 17).

'Which country will be China's future master?', they ask on their journey home. And what of the 'future of New China'? Their disagreements centre on what was to be done to ensure that the Chinese people achieved mastery over their own national destiny - Huang arguing that the best solution lay in working with the present Manchu court, and Li that the Manchu court was part of the problem. Their contrasting positions reflected the reformist and revolutionary positions of the day. Liang Qichao gave each side a fair hearing over 25 pages of his 40-page story but came down strongly on the side of the reformers who wished to preserve the Manchu Dynasty under a form of constitutional rule. On the question of how to involve China's 'four hundred million citizens' in the struggle they were in basic agreement. Both conceded that the majority of the Chinese people were 'asleep, living in dreams' [emphasis added], and that it was the responsibility of the awakened few such as themselves ('people who already know') to wake them up.

====Original====

Liang Qichao (1902 [1936]) 梁啓超 Liang Qichao, 新中國未來記 An account of the Future of New China, 1902, in Liang Qichao, Yinbingshi zhuanji [Monographs from the Ice Drinker's Studio]. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.

English summary

John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

===Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation===

Liang Qichao

The genre of political novel originated in the West. It is human nature to dread the solemn and to take delight in the humorous. Hence, classical music puts us to sleep, whereas songs of the States of Zheng and Wei cause us to lose ourselves in lewdness and become oblivious to our fatigue. This is indeed a characteristic trait of human nature, and even the sages could not tamper with it. A.good teacher should guide his pupil in the direction that his temperament will naturally proceed. Thus, he sometimes resorts to subtle humour and sometimes uses parables to convey his meanings. Mencius, for instance, draws an analogy between King Xuan of Qi and the ancient wise men who were fond of wealth and women as banter to conceal his [p. 72] subtle remonstrations. and Qu Yuan compares the King of Chu to a beautiful lady and fragrant plants to express his loyalty to and love for the state of Chu. These two works in many ways yield a greater impact than solemn discourses and imposing argumentation; they should not be snubbed merely because they lack a satirical and tendentious edge.
Although Chinese fiction is included in the nine schools of literature and philosophy, very few good works have been written since the time of Yu Chu. Stories about heroes are all patterned after The Water Margin, whereas those about love imitate The Dream of the Red Chamber. Taken as a whole, Chinese novels invariably teach us either robbery or lust. Lost in a vicious circle, the novelists are unable to rise above the quagmire. For this reason, knowledgeable men often scorn the mere mention of fiction.
However, as human nature detests the solemn and finds delight in the humorous, even serious pedagogues read The Dream of the Red Chamber and talk about The Water Margin during their spare time. Works of fiction are, in the end, very difficult to ban. Instead of banning the reading of fiction, then, would it not be much better to allow people to follow their natural inclinations and guide them accordingly?
There is indeed a great deal of truth in Mr. Kang Youwei's observation that people with low levels of literacy will often stay away from the classics but cannot do without fiction. Fiction should therefore seek to teach where the Six Classics have failed to teach, to convey lessons where the official histories have failed to convey, to illuminatewhere the recorded sayings
are unable to illuminate, and to govern where laws have failed. In the world, experienced men are few, and the ignorant are innumerable; those well-versed in literature are few, and those who can barely read legion. The Six Classics are indeed elegant, but if they are not read and understood, they are just pearls cast before swine.

[p. 73]

A story goes that Confucius once lost his horse. His disciple Zi Gong failed in retrieving the horse, whereas the man who had reared the horse succeeded in recovering it. Does this mean that Zi Gong was intellectually inferior to the horseman? Things are grouped according to their kind and men according to their class. If the giant Dragon Earl spoke in his language to the dwarf of the Jiaoyao of Kingdom, he would not be understood. Now there are few people in China who can read, and those who are well versed in literature are even rarer. In view of this, fiction could be added to increase the numerical classifications of writing from seven to eight, or appended to the four bibliographic categories as a fifth component.

When the Reformation was first launched in the countries of Europe, men of great learning and dedicated scholars would often use fiction as a vehicle to record their political views. Serious pedagogues would read and discuss these works during their leisure. Novels were read and discussed by soldiers, merchants, peasants, artisans, cabmen, grooms, women, and young children. A newly published book could often influence and change the views and arguments of the whole nation. Indeed, political novels should be given the highest credit for being instrumental in the steady progress made in the political sphere in America, England, Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Japan. A celebrated scholar in England once remarked that fiction is the soul of the people. How true! How true! It is precisely for this reason that we are now specially selecting works by celebrated foreign scholars that are relevant to the current situation in China and then translating and publishing them by installment in this newspaper. In so doing, we hope to make them accessible to our compatriots.

Translated by Gek Nai Cheng

Notes
Liang Qichao "Yi yinzhengzhi xiaoshuo xu" [chin. characters] Qingyi bao [chin. characters] (1898); reprinted in ZGJDWLX 1:155-56. This essay was a "foreword to a projected series of political novels to be translated into Chinese and published in Liang s journal Qing yi bao (The China discussion).

Mencius, 1B.5. In a reply to King Xuan of Qi [chin. characters], who gives as excuses for not implementing the kingly government his weaknesses for wealth and women, Mencius cites the examples of Duke Liu [chin. characters], who was fond of wealth, and King Tai of Zhou [chin. characters], who was fond of women. Despite their weaknesses these two men could still practice kingly government. Hence Mencius admonishes King Xuanof Qi that if only he could give the people power to gratify the same feelings, there would be no difficulty in attaining the royal power.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu [chin. characters], compiled by Ban Gu [chin. characters], there are ten schools of literature and philosophy (Confucian, Daoist, J?ivination, Legalist, Logician, Mohist, olitics, Miscellaneous, Agriculture, and Xiaoshuo [chin. characters]), although "only nine of them are worth reading" (qi keguanzhe jiu iia eryi; [chin. characters]). Fiction, thert,was not included in the nine schools.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu, Yu Chu [chin. characters] (ca. 104 B.C.) compi1ed Zhou shuo [chin. characters]. (Tales of the Zhou dynasty) , a work in the tradition of Shal1 hai jing [chin. characters] and Mu tianzi zhuan [chin. characters]. The work is no longer extant.

Qilüe 七略 are the seven classifications of writing as compiled by Liu Xin 劉歆 (ca. 46 B.C. - A.D. 23) in he Han dynasty around 7 B.C. They are classics, arts, philosophy, poetry, divination and numerics, medicine and surgery. '.

Sibu 四部 are the four bibliographic classifications of classics, history, philosophy, an literature, devised by Xun Xu 荀勖 (d. AD. 289) to categorize all books.

=Session 8: Republican literature I=
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) 魏雨昕
Presentation and homework [[A Madman's Diary]] by 魏雨昕 Zyta Rydz

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature I==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature==
*Gabriela Krukowska

=Session 9: Modern literature=
*9, Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature
Presentation and homework
#Underground poets, Mo Yan, [[Mo Yan ppt]] by 安浩阳 Paweł Andraszak
#Wang Meng [[Wang Meng ppt]] 苏诗美 Lena Rzeznikowska
==Grades for translation homework - Modern literature ==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

=Session 10: Thursday Jan 25 8:00-9:30 Contemporary literature I: The Ancient Ship, presented by 张宇璇=
11 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong) 张宇璇

Presentation and homework: [[The Ancient Ship]] by Anna Proskura 张宇璇

Short introduction: Zhang Wei's novel “The Ancient Ship” is set during the first forty years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The main events of the novel take place with three generations of the Sui, Zhao and Li families living in the fictional city of Wali in Shandong province, who face the major campaigns from the late 1940s to the 1980s, beginning with the land reform and ending with the Cultural Revolution. The author, with the help of the characters in his story "The Ancient Ship", reveals to readers the circumstances in which people lived at that time, helping to provide a glimpse into the history of China during those days.
The main setting is an old noodle factory, which has always been in the hands of one Sui family but has now been taken over by Zhao Duoduo, leading to a confrontation between Sui Jiansu and Zhao Duoduo. In addition, in the novel, the author describes to us the hard fates of the characters, as well as the idea that it is impossible to escape from paying for the atrocities, which of course leads to a terrible ending. Furthermore, one of the main themes of the novel is a person's moral values and how fragile they are when inhibitions are removed and a person's cruel side can be revealed.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature I==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

==Session 11: Friday Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature II: Maqiao Cidian, presented by 金乐=
12 TUE Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature II (Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong, Yan Lianke) 金乐

Presentation and homework: [[Maqiao Cidian]] by Asia 金乐

Short introduction:
From the daring imagination of one of China’s greatest living novelists comes a work of startling power and originality–the story of a young man “displaced” to a small village in rural China during the 1960s. Told in the format of a dictionary, with a series of vignettes disguised as entries, A Dictionary of Maqiao is a novel of bold invention–and a fascinating, comic, deeply moving journey through the dark heart of the Cultural Revolution.
Entries trace the wisdom and absurdities of Maqiao: the petty squabbles, family grudges, poverty, infidelities, fantasies, lunatics, bullies, superstitions, and especially the odd logic in their use of language–where the word for “beginning” is the same as the word for “end”; “little big brother” means older sister; to be “scientific” means to be lazy; and “streetsickness” is a disease afflicting villagers visiting urban areas. Filled with colorful characters–from a weeping ox to a man so poisonous that snakes die when they bite him–A Dictionary of Maqiao is both an important work of Chinese literature and a probing inquiry into the extraordinary power of language.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature II ==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

=Session 12: Tuesday Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Web literature, presented by 王美芬, 晏黎=
13 THU Feb 1 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska, 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbanska

Presentation and homework: [[The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation]] by 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbańska

Short introduction:The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation is a web novel written by an anonymous writer with an alias MoXiang TongXiu. It is a fantasy historical novel with many plot lines and twists. It focuses on the story of the main character, Wei Wuxian, who after experiencing war, torture and loss begins his journey with the new cultivation method for which he was in the end killed. The story is divided into two parts: Wei Wuxian’s first and second life. The first one is focused on main character’s journey through moral dilemmas while facing an enemy. This storyline occurs when the main characters are still learning the ways of Cultivation as teenagers, and focuses on the Wen Sect growing in power and trying to control/dominate the other Sects. The second part which occurs after his reincarnation, 16 years after his death, shows the main character (after his reincarnation) along with his partner, Lan Wangji, solving a case of mysterious murder and uncovering sudden political and internal schemes. The novel is quite complex thanks to the huge amount of characters and plotlines, moral dilemmas and compelling villains.

Presentation and homework: [[I am this type of woman]] by 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska

=Session 13: Thursday Feb 1 8:00-9:30 Science Fiction I, presented by 爱答=
14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答 Ada Dan
=Session 14: Friday Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science Fiction II, presented by 田小龙=
(Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 田小龙 Ewa Kopania
=Session 15: Feb 9 9:45-11:15 Final Paper=
*15 Feb 9 9:45-11:15 Final Paper (homework)

=Syllabus=
Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej
Educational subject description sheet
==Basic information==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Field of study
Sinologia
Speciality
-
Department
Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures
Study level
Second-cycle programme
Study form
Full-time
Education proﬁle
General academic
</td>
<td>
Didactic cycle
2023/24
Subject code
09SNLS.21K.05754.23
Lecture languages
Chinese
Mandatory
Obligatory
Block
Major subjects
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Subject coordinator
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Lecturer
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Period</h2>
Semester 1
<h2>Activities and hours</h2>
• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit
<h2>Number of</h2>
<h2>ECTS points</h2>
3 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682"
height="1"> 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681"
height="55">
1 / 5
==Goals==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Goal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C1
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students get an
overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese
literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading
prominent examples and increasing reading ability in
Chinese as a Foreign Language.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C2
</td>
<td>
The selection of works aims at displaying the
continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing
the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C3
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students understand
research methods, compare literary works, learn the
relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of
Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural
roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the
work of experts in the ﬁeld, critically evaluate their
knowledge and update it.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Entry requirements</h1>
Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of
References for Languages (CEFR).
<h1>Subject's learning outcomes</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Outcomes in terms of
</td>
<td>
Learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Examination methods
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Knowledge – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W1
</td>
<td>
has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature
from classical to modern
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W2
</td>
<td>
knows the theories and research methodology in
the ﬁeld of sinology in relation to literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W3
</td>
<td>
knows selected issues of comparative
literature against the background of the ongoing processes
of cultural exchange and globalization
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W4
</td>
<td>
knows the rich terminology in the ﬁeld of
sinology in the ﬁeld of literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W5
</td>
<td>
knows and understand deeply the fundamental
dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization
related to the literature of East Asia/China
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Skills – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
U1
</td>
<td>
formulates and tests hypotheses related to
simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate
their observations
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Social competences – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K1
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically evaluate the acquired
knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update
it
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K2
</td>
<td>
is ready to deeply appreciate the importance
of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems
related to multiculturalism and intercultural
communication
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_004.png" width="682"
height="1">
2 / 5
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
K3
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically consult problems that
he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in
relevant scientiﬁc ﬁelds and to actively cooperate with
them in search of appropriate solutions
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Study content</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
No.
</td>
<td>
Course content
</td>
<td>
Subject's learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
1.
</td>
<td>
Song Poetry
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
2.
</td>
<td>
Yuan Drama
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
3.
</td>
<td>
Ming Novels
</td>
<td>
W1, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
4.
</td>
<td>
Qing novels
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
5.
</td>
<td>
Late Qing literature
</td>
<td>
W1, K2, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
6.
</td>
<td>
Republican literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
7.
</td>
<td>
Modern literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, W5
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
8.
</td>
<td>
Contemporary literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
9.
</td>
<td>
Web literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
10.
</td>
<td>
Science ﬁction
</td>
<td>
W1, W5, K2
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Course advanced</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Teaching and learning methods and activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with
text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative
writing and reviewing fellow students' work
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Credit conditions
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Students are required to prepare for each
class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts
and checking of new words. The completion of this
obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice
tests.
Each student will prepare one short oral
presentation.
The semester essay should contain at least
1000 Chinese characters.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682"
height="1">
3 / 5
==Literature==
===Obligatory===
1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature –
Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies
provided].
===Optional===
#Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
#Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
#Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
#Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
#Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
#Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
#Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
#Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
#Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
#Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

==Calculation of ECTS points==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activity form
</td>
<td>
Activity hours*
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
30
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for classes
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Reading the indicated literature
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation of a multimedia presentation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Other
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Paper preparation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for the assessment
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Student workload
</td>
<td>
Hours
90
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number of ECTS points
</td>
<td>
ECTS
3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
* hour means 45 minutes 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_006.png" width="682"
height="1">
4 / 5
==Learning outcomes==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Content
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny
zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i
ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania
znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu
problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z
wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznego
konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie
samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich
dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w
poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
The graduate can formułować i testować
hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i
realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje
spostrzeżenia.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe
zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań
interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands teorie i
metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo
bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych
szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne
tendencje rozwojowe.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands wybrane
zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i
translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany
kulturowej i globalizacji.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands bogatą
terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań
językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i
interdyscyplinarnych.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania
współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i
kulturą Azji Wschodniej.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Critical Review of Chinese Literature

2024-01-25T09:19:18Z

Wang Meifen: /* Session 12: Tuesday Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Web literature, presented by 王美芬, 晏黎 */

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury
chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Please follow this link to the [[crit_lit_20230131|final paper]] page. Please list your topics there and start writing as soon as you get the ok by the teacher.
=Session 1: Organizational Things and Self-Introduction=
*教学助理 - Karolina [[Teaching assistant]]
*维基管理员 - Malwina [[Wiki admin]]
==Student roll (1st year Master)==
#Gabriela Krukowska 王美芬大學老師和教育翻譯電腦游戲本地化
#Ewa Kopania 田小龍外交官對亞洲、歷史感興趣，因爲瞭解到日本的歷史責任轉到對中國感興趣喜歡讀書 23，畢業以後參加外交部的考試
#Zyta Rydz 魏雨昕新疆語言政策筆譯翻譯喜歡文學
#Asia (Joanna) Zawada 金樂金乐中国人觉得他们的精英怎么样？古代和20世紀的中國人翻譯波蘭文學翻譯成漢語，數學數據分析
#Karol Perka 康明傑在中國文學裏翻譯成中文的西方外文名稱，外語，老師
#Malwina Filipowicz 李美琳對中國文化感興趣，外語，翻譯
#Anna Proskura 張宇璇外語（俄語、烏克蘭語、波蘭語、漢語、英語）
#Julia Dereżyṅska 楊思藝外語（俄語、英語、漢語、波蘭語、韓文）、lgbt的詞語、語言分析
#Paweł Andraszak 安浩阳中國文化，文學，歷史中國農村宗教（武俠電影）
#Aleksandra Urbanska 晏黎动物象征，对仙侠电视剧的影响外语（英語老師、波蘭語、漢語）以後要學韓語、泰語西哈(Hip Hop)跳舞
#Karolina Englert 安凱榕華沙大學、中醫：氣功的發展
#Natalia Gloc 裴夢姣翻譯粵語、中國方言和文字
#Edyta Skorupa 艾希從小對中國文化感興趣，要儅漢語老師成都方言（語法）
#Wiktoria Wolny 王曉彤中國文化和文學、喜歡看文學、相當筆譯，翻譯小説，奇幻小説（Fantasy）中國長篇小説的兩種英文翻譯
#Ada Dan 愛答外語、俄語、學西班牙語營業代表喜歡音樂，自己創造音樂跳舞（Dance Hall）美國和中國在天空的比賽現在：文學題目

===课程安排 Schedule of Literary Works (schedule, topics and presenters - please add your name)===
Please write your names behind the topics
*1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424 Organizational things
*2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15 Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: "Trampled Green"
*3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
*4 Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West) 康明杰 Karol Perka, 艾希 Edyta Skorupa
*5 Dec 7 8:00-9:30 Ming novels II (The Scholars, Outlaws of the Marsh) 杨思艺 Julia Dereżyṅska
*6 Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams) 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China) 李美琳 Malwina Filipowicz, (Kang Youwei: Datong shu) 王晓彤 Wiktoria Wolny
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) 魏雨昕 Zyta Rydz
*9 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Mo Yan) 安浩阳 Paweł Andraszak, （Wang Meng）苏诗美 Lena Rzeznikowska
*10 Thu Jan 25 8:00-9:30 Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong) 张宇璇 Anna Proskura; 金乐 Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*11 Fri Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska, 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbanska
*12 Tue Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction I (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答 Ada Dan
*13 Thu Feb 1 8:00-9:30 , Science Fiction II 田小龙 Ewa Kopania
*14 Fri Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Final Paper (homework)

=Session 2: Su Dongpo - Families on a Spring Outing=
'''和子由踏青'''
Go on a Spring Outing with [my little brother] Ziyou

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。

The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths

Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。

For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,

the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。

The city inhabitants detest the city walls

at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。

The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,

baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Wiktoria: Who is he who calls himself a Taoist among the crowd gathered around him? He blocks the way and sells talismans with an angry expression.

Julia: Who’s the one that claims to be a Taoist? Everyone gathers around him as he’s blocking the pathway, selling talismans with an angry expression.

Malwina: Who gathered the crowd and calls himself a Taoist?
The one that is blocking the road, who sells talismans with angry expression.

Sandra: Who is gathering a crowd, calling himself a Taoist?
Blocking the road and selling Taoist charms in anger:

Ada: Who draws the crowd? The taoist, who is blocking the road and is selling talismans with an angry frown.

Asia: Who is there that claims to be a Taoist, attracting everyone around to watch?
I saw him blocking the road to sell talismans, blushing and boasting about them

Anna: Who calls himself a Taoist, gathering crowds of people to watch?
He is blocking the road and selling talismans with an angry expression on his face:

Natalia: Who is that person, this Taoist priest? Blocking the way and selling talismans - with an angry expression he proclaims:

Edyta: Who is the person who calls himself a Taoist? The crowd gathering among him covers the road. He sells talismans with an angry expression saying:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Wiktoria: “It should cause your silkworms to make cocoons as big as urns, it should cause your sheep to become as big as deer.”

Julia: „It will make your silkworm cocoons as big as clay jars and your sheep as meaty as deer .”

Malwina: “It will cause the cocoons of your silkworms to be as big as urns, your sheep to be as big as deer.”

Sandra: "Suitable for silkworms, their cocoons will be like urns,
suitable for livestock, it will be like elk."

Ada: “It will make your silkworms build cocoons as firm as a jar and will make your sheep grow as big as a stag”

Asia: “My talisman can make your domestic silkworm cocoon as big as an urn, and your sheep as round as a roe.”

Anna: "My talisman will enable you to raise silkworms with cocoons as big as urns, and sheep as round as deer."

Natalia: „Your silkworm cocoons will be as solid as urns, your sheep will be as vital as stags.”

Edyta: "My talismans will provide silkworms with cocoons as large as clay jars, and sheep the size of deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Wiktoria: Passers-by may not believe in these words. Still, they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

Julia: The people walking by don’t necessarily believe these words, but they reluctantly buy the talismans for good luck in the New Year anyway.

Malwina: People walking by may not necessarily believe his words,but they still reluctantly buy the talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

Sandra: Passers-by may not believe his words,
but they reluctantly buy the charms to celebrate the New Year.

Ada: The crowd does not really trust these words, yet they buy the talismans to pray for blessings with the New Year.

Asia: People may not believe what he said, but they reluctantly bought it and wore it on their bodies just to show their good luck in the New Year.

Anna: Passers-by on the street may not necessarily believe his words, but they reluctantly bought and wore it just for the sake of good luck in the New Year.

Natalia: The people on the streets may not believed the Taoist’s words, yet still they reluctantly bought his talismans – just to secure good fortune for this New Year.

Edyta: Passers-by may not be entirely convinced of the truth of the Taoist's words, but reluctantly bought his talismans in order to protect good fortune in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Wiktoria: The Taoist earns the money and goes directly to buy some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: “My talismans truly are effective!”

Julia: When the Taoist earns enough money from the sale, he goes and buys some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: „My talismans really are working!”

Malwina：When the Taoist earned enough money, he went straight to buy himself some wine, in a drunken state he declared himself a talisman god!

Sandra: After obtaining the money, the Taoist buys wine straight away,
drunkenly calling himself a charm god!

Ada: After collecting the money, the taoist goes straight to buy wine. He collapses drunkenly and calls himself the talisman god.

Asia: When the Taoist could finally afford it, he went to buy wine and drink it by himself. After he got drunk, he ensured himself that his talismans were really spiritual.

Anna: The Taoist earned money from the sale and went to buy wine to drink, got drunk and said to himself: "My talisman can really work!"

Natalia: When the Taoist obtained the money, he directly went to buy some wine, and then in a drunk state, he called himself the god of talismans.

Edyta: When the Taoist had earned enough money, he went to buy some wine. After he got drunk, proudly called himself the god of talismans!

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Karol: Who in the crowd is a Taoist?
The one blocking the road that sells talismans, visibly angry:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Karol: "It suits the silkworms - cocoons of your silkworms will be as thick as an urn,
It suits the livestock, your sheep will be as big as deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Karol:Passers-by may not believe these words, yet they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them
for protection from bad luck in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Karol: The Taoist earns the money and goes straightaway to buy some wine,
Drunk, he says to himself: "My talismans are working!".
'''和子由踏青'''

Paweł(安浩阳）: Treading the green
Aleksandra（晏黎）：Green spring outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Paweł: East wind stirs fine dust on the pathways,

fine opportunity for strollers to enjoy the new spring

Aleksandra: Eastern spring wind flutters fine dust on paths,
wanderers can enjoy the first taste of the new season.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Paweł: Season of idleness, just right for drinking by the side of the road,

to be crushed by carriage wheels - too short is the grain,

Aleksandra: Idleness period, just in time for drinks by the roadside,
even the short grain does not fear the carriage wheels.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Paweł: City people detest the walls which surround them,

they bustle loudly at the break of day and leave the whole town empty,

Aleksandra: Residents of the city loathe the surrounding walls,
thundering at daybreak, vacating the town.

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Paweł: Songs and rhythms shake the hills, grass and trees tremble,

picnic baskets scattered in the fields where crows pick them over,

Aleksandra: Songs and drums rattle the mountains, flora trembles,
baskets and ladles scattered on the fields where crows batten.

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Paweł: Who is the one who draws the crowds there? A Taoist priest,

blocking the pathway, selling charms and frowning,

Aleksandra: Who is the one known as the Taoist priest gathering the crowds?
Blocks the way, selling talismans and scowling:

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Paweł: "It is good for silkworms - cocoons will be just like pots of water,

it is good for livestock, your sheep will be as big as a deer",

Aleksandra: "Ideal for silkworms, your cocoons will be as urns,
ideal for livestock, you sheep will be as deer."

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Paweł: People passing by are not sure they believe his words,

yet they buy these charms in order to consecrate the spring,

Aleksandra: Passing people do not necessarily trust those words,
yet reluctantly buy the talismans to bless the new spring.

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Paweł: The Taoist priest takes their money, and goes to a winehouse,

completely drunk he mumbles: "The charms, they really work!"

Aleksandra: The Taoist priest takes the money, directly goes to buy the wine,
and drunkenly proclaims himself a talisman god!

'''Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng'''

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

'''和子由踏青'''

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

'''Trampled green'''

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

[[File:Trampled_Green.jpg|500px|thumb|left|Su Shi: Trampled Green]]

==End of Session 2==
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=Session 3: Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju)=
===Task: Please read the [[English Summary of Dou E]]===
===Original Text: Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to [[Dou E]]”===
See also the Reader.

===Task: Please read your part of the original text and make a 3-sentence summary at the end of our part===

=Session 4: Ming novels I=
Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West)
==Journey to the West==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Journey to the West]] by 康明杰 Karol Perka

The novel is extremely popular among children in Asia. This novel is one of the 4 Outstanding Novels 四大名著, and especially in Japan and Korea a best seller, next to the Three Kingdoms. The novel "Red Chamber Dreams" is more popular in Europe. One of the reasons may be, that the novel has animal characters and especially animals which are not so famous like monkeys and pigs.

The historical background of the novel is that from the 1st Century AD buddhism came to China. In Tang Dynasty, Buddhist religion flourished in China and among the first monks who travelled from China to India to collect Buddhist scriptures was 玄奘 Xuánzàng (600-664) n. 〈hist.〉 Budd. priest, also known as San Zang or Tripitaka. He visited India 629-645 and returned with many Buddhist scriptures, so called "sutra". The novel uses this historical setting, but one of the legendary accompaniers, Sun Wukong, the monkey king, becomes the new protagonist.

==Three Kingdoms==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Romance of the Three Kingdoms]] by 艾希 Edyta Skorupa

'''Explanations to prepare ppt and texts:'''

Every student preparing a topic in class is asked to find the original Chinese text (they are all available on the internet), create a link under the respective session with a second page (the wiki admin can help with it), copy the full text there (if the text is too long, you will have to be split it in several websites (the wiki admin can help) or you simply select only extracts from it which you find worth reading. Please also select a part of the text, which the wiki admin can split again into small sections, each student only needs to read a small section and write a short summary in English beneath (as you know from the Yuan zaju). The Wiki admin then makes another link from the course homepage to the homework section of the text.

The presentations should be in powerpoint format, be uploaded to the course website in advance and should introduce the text, embed it in its social-historical context including relevant information about the author etc. You should also take some examples from the text and explain them, so that the fellow students understand your approach to the text. This presentation can be about 15 minutes. I will continue to present the text after the powerpoint, but the student should stay in front in order to develop the teaching sometimes in dialogue form. For the 2nd part of the class, the presenting student should prepare something interactive, e.g. hand out paper sheets with short texts and ask fellow students to enact the story with the help of the paper sheets. You should also use mentimeter.com to make a short survey or get feedback etc.

You cannot read so many books in just a few days. Don't forget that you still have other courses and homework. So please just provide summaries to read for the students and small extracts which the students should actually read to get an impression of the original text.

Every student should do a presentation. If there are less sessions than students, two students will have to present in the same session. However, every student should still have his/her own topic. In some sessions, there are more works in one session, and then two students can pick one work each.

There are not many sessions covered with the Reader. You will have to look for most of the texts online, but they are easy to find.

==Grades for translaltion homework "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada (+100)
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa (+100)
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Sandra Piechowiak (+100)

==Grades for translation homework - "The Journey to the West" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada (+100)
*Karol Perka (+100)
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa (+100)
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Sandra Piechowiak (+100)

=Session 5: Ming novels II=
Dec 7 8:00-9:30 (This is session no. 5 Ming novels II (Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) 杨思艺
==Outlaws of the Marsh==
Dec 7, 2023, 8:00-9:30, room 413

'''Presentation''' and homework [[Outlaws of the Marsh]] by Julia 杨思艺 Julia Dereżyṅska

Outlaws of the Marsh is a long heroic legend and it is one of the long masterpieces in ancient China. The story is created on the basis of Song Jiang uprising as the clue. The novel is one of the classical long vernacular novels loved mostly by Chinese. It is written in the Ming Dynasty. On the basis of stories, colloquial stories and dramas about the Marsh since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the author processed stories and created the novel. The book takes the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang as the main subject and presents an artistic reproduction of moving and tragic picture of ancient Chinese fighting against oppression to carry out heroic struggles. It fully exposes corruption and brutality of the feudal ruling class, revealing sharp and opposing social conflicts and the cruel reality that "people are forced to rebel by officials ".

==Grades for translation homework - "Outlaws of the Marsh" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska (+100)
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz (+100)
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura (+100)
*Julia Dereżyṅska (+100)
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska (+100)
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan (+100)
*Lena Rzeźnikowska (+100)
*Malwina Filipowicz (+100)
*Karolina Englert (+100)

==The Scholars==
儒林外史 Inofficial History of Confucian Scholars

=Session 6: Qing novel I=
Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novel I (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams I) 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc

See Reader.

==Dream of the Red Chamber==
'''Presentation''' and homework [[Dream of the Red Chamber]] by 裴梦姣 Natalia Gloc

Short introduction: "Dream of the Red Chamber" is one of the most important classical novels in the history of Chinese literature (one of the 四大著名). It was written in the 18th century (during the reign of the Qing dynasty) by Cao Xueqin. The author's approach shattered conventions in traditional Chinese fiction, setting a new standard for literary expression, as the characters created by him, are neither fully good nor fully bad. The whole number of characters that appeared in the novel is almost 400 (with 40 major characters). The main plot of this book is focused on 贾宝玉 and his affection towards 林黛玉, however, we can not overlook the fact that it also presents a detailed portrayal of Chinese culture and Chinese society during that time.

==Grades for translation homework - "Dream of the Red Chamber" text==

*Gabriela Krukowska (+100)
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz (+100)
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura (+100)
*Julia Dereżyṅska (+100)
*Paweł Andraszak (+100)
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc (+100)
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny (+100)
*Ada Dan (+100)
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz (+100)
*Karolina Englert (+100)

=Session 7: Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Dystopian literature=
*7 Dec 14 8:00-9:30 Late Qing dystopian literature
#Liang Qichao: The Future of New China 李美琳 Malwina Filipowicz
#Kang Youwei: Datong shu 王晓彤 Wiktoria Wolny

==The Book of Great Unity==

'''Presentation''' and homework: [[Datong Shu]] by Wiktoria 王晓彤

Short introduction: In the early twentieth century, the great Chinese thinker and reformer Kang Youwei wrote a book entitled ''Datong shu'' (The Book of Great Unity) in which he put forward an original and radical interpretation of “datong”. The book describes the long march of mankind from division to unity, while defying any strict categorization. It describes the “world of tomorrow” with its technological, political, and social wonders, it also includes significant pieces of historical, political, religious, and scientific literature dealing with the past and the present.

==The Future of New China==

Presentation and homework:

[[The Future of New China]] ૮ ・ﻌ・ა by Malwina Filipowicz 李美琳

The Future of New China is a political novel by Liang Qichao. The novel was published in the year 1902 and predicts the prosperity of the "New China" 60 years later. One of the main characters Huang Keqiang (黃興) advocates a constitutional monarchy, and on the other hand, his son Li Laijie (李去病) advocates a french-style revolution. The two sides engage in a heated debate!

==Teacher information: Liang Qichao==
Liang Qichao, An account of the Future of New China, 1902

Liang Qichao, offered an alternative reading of the stages China would take on the road to Great Harmony in an unfinished work on the future, composed in 1902, entitled An Account of the Future of New China (Liang, 1902). The centrepiece of the story is a series of speeches on 'China's History these Sixty Years Past' delivered to an international assembly in Shanghai, 'on the first day of the first month in the Year of Confucius 2513 ... or 1962 on the Western calendar'. The fictional speaker was Kong Juemin, a descendant of Confucius (Kong) whose given name (Juemin) meant 'awaken the people'. The fictional occasion was the 50th anniversary of the birth of New China, an anniversary that fortuitously marked the founding of the International Peace Congress in 1962 following the 'Hungarian Conference' some years before. The event marked the birth of Great Harmony on earth.

By Liang's account, world leaders selected New China to host the launch of the new international body in recognition of that country's role in planning and creating the new global order. Leaders and dignitaries from all major countries gathered in China in January 1962 to attend the two ceremonies, one commemorating the achievements of New China and the other the birth of the new global order. Visiting dignitaries included the King and Queen of Britain, the Emperor and Empress of Japan, and the Presidents (take note: "presidents" predicts Liang) of Russia, Hungary and the Philippines. Lesser dignatories, including religious leaders of all persuasions ('this is known as Great Harmony') met in Shanghai along with thousands of scholars and tens of thousands of university students from around the globe (Liang, 1902: 2-3).

Among the men and women who crowded into Kong's lectures on the history of the past 60 years were 1000 foreigners, all fluent in Chinese. Since the start of the reform era, the author points out, thousands of American and European students had come to learn the language in order to keep up with developments in China. By 1962, some 30,000 foreign students were enrolled in local universities and colleges. Most preferred to stay in China. To the time in question (1962) fewer than 1200 students had returned to their home countries to work. The West had a serious brain-drain problem on its hands.

Kong began his lectures reflecting on the qualities that had made China a great power, specifically patriotism, selflessness and democracy. China succeeded because its people had learned to put their country before themselves (Liang, 1902: 5). This marked a radical break with 'Old China': 'Our China died long ago ... in fact this is the point [of departure] for the continuation of New China'. By 1962, China had become a liberal democracy with three major parties competing for ascendancy: a centralist State Power Party (guoquandang), a decentralist Patriotic Self-Government Party (Aiguo zizhidang) and a party committed to the well-being of the individual, the Liberal Party (ziyoudang). Each of these parties had its origins in an earlier Constitutional Party (xianzhengdang), founded in 1902, consisting of a grand alliance of all existing reformist, revolutionary and secret society organisations which combined forces to introduce constitutional government to China. Three core principles governed the organisation of this seminal political alliance: first, that the choice of a monarchical, republican or federalist constitution should be determined by public plebiscite. That is to say, all members' agreed to implement constitutional rule according to the wishes of the people, irrespective of their differences over the form that the constitution should take.

Second, the party's rules and procedures for dealing with internal matters should reflect those that an enlightened government would employ in governing a country. Third, party membership was open to all who shared the constitutional aims of the party, and conferred equality on members regardless of their social status, profession or gender (Liang, 1902: 7-8).

This brief narrative history of New China to 1962 occupies only a small part of Kong Juemin's talks. By far the longest section of the lectures is devoted to a verbatim account of an old debate between two founding members of the Constitutional Party about China's future. One was Huang Keqiang, son of a noted Cantonese scholar. Old Mr Huang despatched his son and another student, Li Yunbing, to Britain to study English and learn the ways of the West. He prepared them for their departure by exposing them to the works of Kang Youwei (Liang Qichao's own teacher, and the author of Great Harmony Philosophy, 1902 [1935]), and by introducing them to Tan Sitong, who was just completing his Renxue (1896, noted above). They were among the first to read the work.

On reaching England they gained entry to Oxford. They graduated around the time of the 'Hundred Days Reform', in 1898, an actual historical event associated with Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong and a party of their supporters and students, including the author of the story himself, Liang Qichao.

The tragic outcome of the reforms forced the two students to delay their return to China.

Their return was precipitated by the discovery that the universal truths they had been seeking in Europe were compromised by the Europeans themselves.

The prevailing mood in Europe soured against China around the time of the Boxer Uprising in 1900. The two young men observed that Kaiser Wilhelm II, author of the Yellow Peril scare, now 'said many things that were not in keeping with human morality' and that the German press resorted to terms such as 'pigtails' and 'yellow monkeys' in referring to the Chinese people. This encounter with racism in Europe inaugurates their journey home, and launches them into their dialogue on the future of China (Liang 1902: 17).

'Which country will be China's future master?', they ask on their journey home. And what of the 'future of New China'? Their disagreements centre on what was to be done to ensure that the Chinese people achieved mastery over their own national destiny - Huang arguing that the best solution lay in working with the present Manchu court, and Li that the Manchu court was part of the problem. Their contrasting positions reflected the reformist and revolutionary positions of the day. Liang Qichao gave each side a fair hearing over 25 pages of his 40-page story but came down strongly on the side of the reformers who wished to preserve the Manchu Dynasty under a form of constitutional rule. On the question of how to involve China's 'four hundred million citizens' in the struggle they were in basic agreement. Both conceded that the majority of the Chinese people were 'asleep, living in dreams' [emphasis added], and that it was the responsibility of the awakened few such as themselves ('people who already know') to wake them up.

====Original====

Liang Qichao (1902 [1936]) 梁啓超 Liang Qichao, 新中國未來記 An account of the Future of New China, 1902, in Liang Qichao, Yinbingshi zhuanji [Monographs from the Ice Drinker's Studio]. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju.

English summary

John Fitzgerald, The Unfinished History of China's Future, in: Thesis Eleven 1999 57:17, here pp. 21-23, http://the.sagepub.com/content/57/1/17

===Foreword to the Publication of Political Novels in Translation===

Liang Qichao

The genre of political novel originated in the West. It is human nature to dread the solemn and to take delight in the humorous. Hence, classical music puts us to sleep, whereas songs of the States of Zheng and Wei cause us to lose ourselves in lewdness and become oblivious to our fatigue. This is indeed a characteristic trait of human nature, and even the sages could not tamper with it. A.good teacher should guide his pupil in the direction that his temperament will naturally proceed. Thus, he sometimes resorts to subtle humour and sometimes uses parables to convey his meanings. Mencius, for instance, draws an analogy between King Xuan of Qi and the ancient wise men who were fond of wealth and women as banter to conceal his [p. 72] subtle remonstrations. and Qu Yuan compares the King of Chu to a beautiful lady and fragrant plants to express his loyalty to and love for the state of Chu. These two works in many ways yield a greater impact than solemn discourses and imposing argumentation; they should not be snubbed merely because they lack a satirical and tendentious edge.
Although Chinese fiction is included in the nine schools of literature and philosophy, very few good works have been written since the time of Yu Chu. Stories about heroes are all patterned after The Water Margin, whereas those about love imitate The Dream of the Red Chamber. Taken as a whole, Chinese novels invariably teach us either robbery or lust. Lost in a vicious circle, the novelists are unable to rise above the quagmire. For this reason, knowledgeable men often scorn the mere mention of fiction.
However, as human nature detests the solemn and finds delight in the humorous, even serious pedagogues read The Dream of the Red Chamber and talk about The Water Margin during their spare time. Works of fiction are, in the end, very difficult to ban. Instead of banning the reading of fiction, then, would it not be much better to allow people to follow their natural inclinations and guide them accordingly?
There is indeed a great deal of truth in Mr. Kang Youwei's observation that people with low levels of literacy will often stay away from the classics but cannot do without fiction. Fiction should therefore seek to teach where the Six Classics have failed to teach, to convey lessons where the official histories have failed to convey, to illuminatewhere the recorded sayings
are unable to illuminate, and to govern where laws have failed. In the world, experienced men are few, and the ignorant are innumerable; those well-versed in literature are few, and those who can barely read legion. The Six Classics are indeed elegant, but if they are not read and understood, they are just pearls cast before swine.

[p. 73]

A story goes that Confucius once lost his horse. His disciple Zi Gong failed in retrieving the horse, whereas the man who had reared the horse succeeded in recovering it. Does this mean that Zi Gong was intellectually inferior to the horseman? Things are grouped according to their kind and men according to their class. If the giant Dragon Earl spoke in his language to the dwarf of the Jiaoyao of Kingdom, he would not be understood. Now there are few people in China who can read, and those who are well versed in literature are even rarer. In view of this, fiction could be added to increase the numerical classifications of writing from seven to eight, or appended to the four bibliographic categories as a fifth component.

When the Reformation was first launched in the countries of Europe, men of great learning and dedicated scholars would often use fiction as a vehicle to record their political views. Serious pedagogues would read and discuss these works during their leisure. Novels were read and discussed by soldiers, merchants, peasants, artisans, cabmen, grooms, women, and young children. A newly published book could often influence and change the views and arguments of the whole nation. Indeed, political novels should be given the highest credit for being instrumental in the steady progress made in the political sphere in America, England, Germany, France, Austria, Italy, and Japan. A celebrated scholar in England once remarked that fiction is the soul of the people. How true! How true! It is precisely for this reason that we are now specially selecting works by celebrated foreign scholars that are relevant to the current situation in China and then translating and publishing them by installment in this newspaper. In so doing, we hope to make them accessible to our compatriots.

Translated by Gek Nai Cheng

Notes
Liang Qichao "Yi yinzhengzhi xiaoshuo xu" [chin. characters] Qingyi bao [chin. characters] (1898); reprinted in ZGJDWLX 1:155-56. This essay was a "foreword to a projected series of political novels to be translated into Chinese and published in Liang s journal Qing yi bao (The China discussion).

Mencius, 1B.5. In a reply to King Xuan of Qi [chin. characters], who gives as excuses for not implementing the kingly government his weaknesses for wealth and women, Mencius cites the examples of Duke Liu [chin. characters], who was fond of wealth, and King Tai of Zhou [chin. characters], who was fond of women. Despite their weaknesses these two men could still practice kingly government. Hence Mencius admonishes King Xuanof Qi that if only he could give the people power to gratify the same feelings, there would be no difficulty in attaining the royal power.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu [chin. characters], compiled by Ban Gu [chin. characters], there are ten schools of literature and philosophy (Confucian, Daoist, J?ivination, Legalist, Logician, Mohist, olitics, Miscellaneous, Agriculture, and Xiaoshuo [chin. characters]), although "only nine of them are worth reading" (qi keguanzhe jiu iia eryi; [chin. characters]). Fiction, thert,was not included in the nine schools.

According to the Bibliographic Section in Han shu, Yu Chu [chin. characters] (ca. 104 B.C.) compi1ed Zhou shuo [chin. characters]. (Tales of the Zhou dynasty) , a work in the tradition of Shal1 hai jing [chin. characters] and Mu tianzi zhuan [chin. characters]. The work is no longer extant.

Qilüe 七略 are the seven classifications of writing as compiled by Liu Xin 劉歆 (ca. 46 B.C. - A.D. 23) in he Han dynasty around 7 B.C. They are classics, arts, philosophy, poetry, divination and numerics, medicine and surgery. '.

Sibu 四部 are the four bibliographic classifications of classics, history, philosophy, an literature, devised by Xun Xu 荀勖 (d. AD. 289) to categorize all books.

=Session 8: Republican literature I=
*8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo) 魏雨昕
Presentation and homework [[A Madman's Diary]] by 魏雨昕 Zyta Rydz

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature I==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

==Grades for translation homework - Republican literature==
*Gabriela Krukowska

=Session 9: Modern literature=
*9, Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature
Presentation and homework
#Underground poets, Mo Yan, [[Mo Yan ppt]] by 安浩阳 Paweł Andraszak
#Wang Meng [[Wang Meng ppt]] 苏诗美 Lena Rzeznikowska
==Grades for translation homework - Modern literature ==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

=Session 10: Thursday Jan 25 8:00-9:30 Contemporary literature I: The Ancient Ship, presented by 张宇璇=
11 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong) 张宇璇

Presentation and homework: [[The Ancient Ship]] by Anna Proskura 张宇璇

Short introduction: Zhang Wei's novel “The Ancient Ship” is set during the first forty years after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The main events of the novel take place with three generations of the Sui, Zhao and Li families living in the fictional city of Wali in Shandong province, who face the major campaigns from the late 1940s to the 1980s, beginning with the land reform and ending with the Cultural Revolution. The author, with the help of the characters in his story "The Ancient Ship", reveals to readers the circumstances in which people lived at that time, helping to provide a glimpse into the history of China during those days.
The main setting is an old noodle factory, which has always been in the hands of one Sui family but has now been taken over by Zhao Duoduo, leading to a confrontation between Sui Jiansu and Zhao Duoduo. In addition, in the novel, the author describes to us the hard fates of the characters, as well as the idea that it is impossible to escape from paying for the atrocities, which of course leads to a terrible ending. Furthermore, one of the main themes of the novel is a person's moral values and how fragile they are when inhibitions are removed and a person's cruel side can be revealed.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature I==

*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

==Session 11: Friday Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature II: Maqiao Cidian, presented by 金乐=
12 TUE Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature II (Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong, Yan Lianke) 金乐

Presentation and homework: [[Maqiao Cidian]] by Asia 金乐

Short introduction:
From the daring imagination of one of China’s greatest living novelists comes a work of startling power and originality–the story of a young man “displaced” to a small village in rural China during the 1960s. Told in the format of a dictionary, with a series of vignettes disguised as entries, A Dictionary of Maqiao is a novel of bold invention–and a fascinating, comic, deeply moving journey through the dark heart of the Cultural Revolution.
Entries trace the wisdom and absurdities of Maqiao: the petty squabbles, family grudges, poverty, infidelities, fantasies, lunatics, bullies, superstitions, and especially the odd logic in their use of language–where the word for “beginning” is the same as the word for “end”; “little big brother” means older sister; to be “scientific” means to be lazy; and “streetsickness” is a disease afflicting villagers visiting urban areas. Filled with colorful characters–from a weeping ox to a man so poisonous that snakes die when they bite him–A Dictionary of Maqiao is both an important work of Chinese literature and a probing inquiry into the extraordinary power of language.

==Grades for translation homework - Contemporary literature II ==
*Gabriela Krukowska
*Ewa Kopania
*Zyta Rydz
*Asia (Joanna) Zawada
*Karol Perka
*Anna Proskura
*Julia Dereżyṅska
*Paweł Andraszak
*Aleksandra Urbanska
*Natalia Gloc
*Edyta Skorupa
*Wiktoria Wolny
*Ada Dan
*Lena Rzeźnikowska
*Malwina Filipowicz
*Karolina Englert

=Session 12: Tuesday Jan 30 9:45-11:15 Web literature, presented by 王美芬, 晏黎=
13 THU Feb 1 8:00-9:30 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska, 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbanska

Presentation and homework: [[The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation]] by 晏黎 Aleksandra Urbańska

Short introduction:The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation is a web novel written by an anonymous writer with an alias MoXiang TongXiu. It is a fantasy historical novel with many plot lines and twists. It focuses on the story of the main character, Wei Wuxian, who after experiencing war, torture and loss begins his journey with the new cultivation method for which he was in the end killed. The story is divided into two parts: Wei Wuxian’s first and second life. The first one is focused on main character’s journey through moral dilemmas while facing an enemy. This storyline occurs when the main characters are still learning the ways of Cultivation as teenagers, and focuses on the Wen Sect growing in power and trying to control/dominate the other Sects. The second part which occurs after his reincarnation, 16 years after his death, shows the main character (after his reincarnation) along with his partner, Lan Wangji, solving a case of mysterious murder and uncovering sudden political and internal schemes. The novel is quite complex thanks to the huge amount of characters and plotlines, moral dilemmas and compelling villains.

Presentation and homework: [[I Am This Type of Woman]] by 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska

=Session 13: Thursday Feb 1 8:00-9:30 Science Fiction I, presented by 爱答=
14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答 Ada Dan
=Session 14: Friday Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science Fiction II, presented by 田小龙=
(Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 田小龙 Ewa Kopania
=Session 15: Feb 9 9:45-11:15 Final Paper=
*15 Feb 9 9:45-11:15 Final Paper (homework)

=Syllabus=
Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej
Educational subject description sheet
==Basic information==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Field of study
Sinologia
Speciality
-
Department
Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures
Study level
Second-cycle programme
Study form
Full-time
Education proﬁle
General academic
</td>
<td>
Didactic cycle
2023/24
Subject code
09SNLS.21K.05754.23
Lecture languages
Chinese
Mandatory
Obligatory
Block
Major subjects
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Subject coordinator
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Lecturer
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Period</h2>
Semester 1
<h2>Activities and hours</h2>
• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit
<h2>Number of</h2>
<h2>ECTS points</h2>
3 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682"
height="1"> 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681"
height="55">
1 / 5
==Goals==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Goal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C1
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students get an
overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese
literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading
prominent examples and increasing reading ability in
Chinese as a Foreign Language.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C2
</td>
<td>
The selection of works aims at displaying the
continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing
the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C3
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students understand
research methods, compare literary works, learn the
relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of
Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural
roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the
work of experts in the ﬁeld, critically evaluate their
knowledge and update it.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Entry requirements</h1>
Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of
References for Languages (CEFR).
<h1>Subject's learning outcomes</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Outcomes in terms of
</td>
<td>
Learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Examination methods
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Knowledge – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W1
</td>
<td>
has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature
from classical to modern
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W2
</td>
<td>
knows the theories and research methodology in
the ﬁeld of sinology in relation to literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W3
</td>
<td>
knows selected issues of comparative
literature against the background of the ongoing processes
of cultural exchange and globalization
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W4
</td>
<td>
knows the rich terminology in the ﬁeld of
sinology in the ﬁeld of literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W5
</td>
<td>
knows and understand deeply the fundamental
dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization
related to the literature of East Asia/China
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Skills – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
U1
</td>
<td>
formulates and tests hypotheses related to
simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate
their observations
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Social competences – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K1
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically evaluate the acquired
knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update
it
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K2
</td>
<td>
is ready to deeply appreciate the importance
of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems
related to multiculturalism and intercultural
communication
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_004.png" width="682"
height="1">
2 / 5
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
K3
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically consult problems that
he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in
relevant scientiﬁc ﬁelds and to actively cooperate with
them in search of appropriate solutions
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Study content</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
No.
</td>
<td>
Course content
</td>
<td>
Subject's learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
1.
</td>
<td>
Song Poetry
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
2.
</td>
<td>
Yuan Drama
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
3.
</td>
<td>
Ming Novels
</td>
<td>
W1, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
4.
</td>
<td>
Qing novels
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
5.
</td>
<td>
Late Qing literature
</td>
<td>
W1, K2, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
6.
</td>
<td>
Republican literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
7.
</td>
<td>
Modern literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, W5
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
8.
</td>
<td>
Contemporary literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
9.
</td>
<td>
Web literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
10.
</td>
<td>
Science ﬁction
</td>
<td>
W1, W5, K2
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Course advanced</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Teaching and learning methods and activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with
text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative
writing and reviewing fellow students' work
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Credit conditions
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Students are required to prepare for each
class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts
and checking of new words. The completion of this
obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice
tests.
Each student will prepare one short oral
presentation.
The semester essay should contain at least
1000 Chinese characters.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682"
height="1">
3 / 5
==Literature==
===Obligatory===
1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature –
Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies
provided].
===Optional===
#Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
#Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
#Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
#Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
#Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
#Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
#Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
#Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
#Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
#Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

==Calculation of ECTS points==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activity form
</td>
<td>
Activity hours*
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
30
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for classes
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Reading the indicated literature
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation of a multimedia presentation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Other
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Paper preparation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for the assessment
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Student workload
</td>
<td>
Hours
90
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number of ECTS points
</td>
<td>
ECTS
3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
* hour means 45 minutes 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_006.png" width="682"
height="1">
4 / 5
==Learning outcomes==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Content
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny
zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i
ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania
znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu
problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z
wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznego
konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie
samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich
dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w
poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
The graduate can formułować i testować
hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i
realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje
spostrzeżenia.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe
zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań
interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands teorie i
metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo
bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych
szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne
tendencje rozwojowe.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands wybrane
zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i
translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany
kulturowej i globalizacji.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands bogatą
terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań
językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i
interdyscyplinarnych.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania
współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i
kulturą Azji Wschodniej.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

I am this type of woman

2024-01-25T09:16:24Z

Wang Meifen:

=I am this type of woman=
==Introduction==
==Summary==
==Translation==
==Anna Proskura==
==Asia Zawada==
==Ada Dan==
==Edyta Skorupa==
==Ewa Kopania==
==Julia Dereżyńska==
==Karol Perka==
==Karolina Englert==
==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
==Malwina Filipowicz==
==Natalia Gloc==
==Paweł Andraszak==
==Wikotria Wolny==
==Zyta Rydz==

I am this type of woman

2024-01-25T09:14:57Z

Wang Meifen: Created page with "==I am this type of woman== =Introduction= =Summary= =Translation= =Anna Proskura= =Asia Zawada= =Ada Dan= =Edyta Skorupa= =Ewa Kopania= =Julia Dereżyńska= =Karol Perka= =Ka..."

==I am this type of woman==
=Introduction=
=Summary=
=Translation=
=Anna Proskura=
=Asia Zawada=
=Ada Dan=
=Edyta Skorupa=
=Ewa Kopania=
=Julia Dereżyńska=
=Karol Perka=
=Karolina Englert=
=Lena Rzeźnikowska=
=Malwina Filipowicz=
=Natalia Gloc=
=Paweł Andraszak=
=Wikotria Wolny=
=Zyta Rydz=

Mo Yan ppt

2024-01-10T22:33:53Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==Mo Yan 酒国 (第三章） Homework==

=Introduction to the next=

The Republic of Wine: A Novel (simplified Chinese: 酒国; traditional Chinese: 酒國; pinyin: Jiǔguó) is a satirical novel by Mo Yan, which was first published in 1992. The novel explores the relationship between Chinese people and food and drink, and comments on government corruption and excesses. It was translated to English by Howard Goldblatt.

The novel has two distinct narrative threads, one of a standard fiction form following a detective, and the other a series of letters between "Mo Yan" and an aspiring author who is a fan of his work. The book contains ten chapters; each chapter contains several parts. The "detective" thread follows a special investigator, Ding Gou'er, sent to rural China to investigate claims of cannibalism. The "letters" thread contains letters exchanged between Li Yidou, an aspiring author, and "Mo Yan", as well as short stories that Li Yidou sends to "Mo Yan". As the novel progresses, the focus shifts from the Ding Gou'er standard narrative thread to the Li Yidou/Mo Yan thread. Some characters appear in both threads.

=Summary of chapter three=

The centrepiece of the banquet is revealed, "Stork Delivering a Son". It appears to be a whole human baby boy, sitting up in a dish, and smells delicious. Ding draws his gun and accuses his company of cannibalism. Diamond Jin insists the dish is a culinary masterpiece -- a fake child. Ding panics and fires his gun wildly, shooting the baby boy in the head and collapses, drunk. The serving girls bring him sobering-up soup and he recovers somewhat. Diamond Jin explains how the fake boy is created and convinces Ding to eat a lotus root arm.
After further drinking, Ding has an out of body experience where he witnesses the serving girls taking his comatose body to an underground hotel room. While his body is there, a "scaly-skinned demon" enters the room and strips his body of useful implements.

=Aleksandra Urbańska=

那男孩盘腿坐在镀金的大盘里、周身金黄，流着香喷喷的油，脸上挂着傻乎乎的笑容，憨态可掬。他的身体周围装饰着碧绿的菜叶和鲜红的萝卜花。侦察员丢魂落魄般望着男孩，吞咽着翻卷而上的胃中液体。男孩水灵灵的眼睛回望着他，鼻孔里喷出热气，嘴唇翕动，好像要开口说话。他的笑容他的憨态令侦察员浮想联翩，他恍惚觉得这男孩非常面熟，好像不久前见过面。他的清脆的笑声在侦察员耳边盘旋。他的小嘴巴里喷出新鲜草莓的味道。爸爸给我讲故事。别缠着爸爸。那时还是温柔的妻子抱着粉红的婴儿微笑。转眼间妻子的微笑变成可怕的阴阳怪气，她抽搐着腮帮子，伪装出一副十分深沉的模样。混蛋！他拍着桌子，愤怒地站起来。

=Anna Proskura=

金刚钻意味深长的笑着。矿长和党委书记鬼鬼祟祟地笑着。侦察员以为自己在做梦，睁大眼睛，仔细观察，那男孩仍旧盘着腿坐在盘里。
金刚钻说：
“丁钩儿同志，请吧！”
党委书记和矿长说：
“这是我市一道最有名的菜，叫做‘麒麟送子’。我们用它招待外宾，给外宾留下了终生难忘的深刻印象，赢得了外宾的高度评价。我们用它为国家换取了大量宝贵的外汇。用它招待最尊贵的客人。您就是我们最尊贵的客人。”
“请吧！老丁同志，检察院派来的特级侦察员丁钩儿，请吃‘麒麟送子’。”党委书记和矿长抄起筷子，迫不及待地催促着。

Smiling meaningfully and mysteriously, Jin Ganzuan with the Mine Director and Party Secretary offer Ding Gou'er to taste the famous dish "Qilin brings a son", which they treat honoured guests, receiving high praise from them and earning a lot of money.

=Asia Zawada=

男孩的香气强劲有力，难以抗拒。丁钩儿咽了一些口水，把手伸到公事包里。他的手摸到了光滑的枪管和有刻纹的枪柄，还有刻纹中央那颗五角星。枪口是圆的，准星三角形，枪的温度低于手的温度，所以感觉到凉意。一切感觉正常，一切判断正常。我没醉，我是侦察员丁钩儿，奉命来酒国市调查以金刚钻为首的领导干部烹吃男孩案件，大案特案要案，世界少有之残忍，空前绝后之腐化。我没有醉，没有产生错觉，他们要想逃脱万不能。我的眼前摆着一个红烧婴孩，按他们的说法：一盘“麒麟送子”。我神志很清楚，为了保险起见，我进行自我测验：85×85＝7225，随口喊出，丝毫不差，他们杀了一个男孩让我吃，想堵住我的嘴，阴谋家，畜生，禽兽。他端着手枪，凌厉地喊：
“不许动，举起手来，你们这些野兽！”

When Ding Gou'er was shown the boy he was salivating from hunger but instead reached for his hidden gun to ground himself. He was trying to convince himself that he does not look at a real child prepared as a meal. He pulled his gun and aim at his comrades.

=Ada Dan=

三个男人呆呆地坐着，红色小姐们尖叫着挤成一堆，好像一群受惊的小鸡。丁钩儿一手端着枪，另一只手推开身下的凳子，退两步，背贴着窗户站定。他想要是他们是有军事经验的人，完全可以近便地把枪夺走，但是他们没有。现在，三个人都在他的枪口之下，谁也休想轻举妄动。他起身时那只公事包从两腿之间滑落在地。他的手虎口感觉到手枪枪柄沉甸甸的凉意，食指感觉到光滑的扳机柔韧的弹性。保险机在抓枪的过程中已经打开，子弹和撞针等待着撞击，一触即发。他冷静地骂道：
“王八蛋们，你们是百分之百的法西斯！都给我举起手来！”

Ding Gou'er aims his gun at the three men while the red waitresses scream in terror. Convinced that the child-shaped meal they served him is actually a real boy, Ding Gou'er attempts to arrest them, calling them all fascists.

=Edyta Skorupa=

金刚钻缓慢地举起双臂，党委书记和矿长的手臂也缓缓举起。金刚钻面带笑容，镇定自若地问：
“老丁同志，您这玩笑开过火了吧！”
“开玩笑？”丁钩儿咬牙切齿地说，“谁跟你们开玩笑？！吃儿童的野兽！”
金刚钻仰着脸，朗声大笑起来。党委书记和矿长也傻乎乎地笑起来。
金刚钻笑着说：
“老丁啊老丁，您是个富有人道主义精神的好同志，真令人钦佩！可是，您错了，您犯了主观主义的错误，请仔细地看看，这是个男孩吗？”

=Ewa Kopania=

丁钩儿的视线被金刚钻的话引导着，转移到盘中婴儿的身上。男孩面上笑容依旧、嘴唇微微噘起，好像要开口说话。
“他简直栩栩如生！”丁钩儿大叫着。
“是的，他栩栩如生，”金刚钻说，“为什么这个假男孩栩栩如生呢？因为我们酒国市的厨师们技艺超群，鬼斧神工！”
党委书记和矿长帮腔道：
“这还不算好的呢！我市烹调学院特烹部那位女教授制作的男孩，眼睫毛都会忽扇，没有一个人敢下筷子哩！”

=Gabriela Krukowska=

“老丁同志，放下您的武器，拿起您的筷子，与我们一起来欣赏这道绝世佳肴！”金刚钻垂下投降的双手，殷切地招呼着丁钩儿。
“不！”丁钩儿严肃地说，“我宣布退出你们这吃人的宴席！”
金刚钻脸上显出了一丝丝愠意，不卑不亢地说：
“老丁同志，您太固执了。我们都是高举着拳头在党旗前宣过誓的人，为人民谋幸福是您的任务也是我的任务，不要以为天下只有你是好人。吃过我们酒国婴儿宴的人，有德高望重的领导人，也有世界五大洲的尊贵朋友，还有国内外大名鼎鼎的艺术家、社会名流。他们用盛赞对待我们，只有您，丁钩儿侦察员，对着一片热诚款待您的人，举起了手枪！”

Diamond Jin asked Ding Gou'er to lower his weapon and feast with them, but Ding Gou'er didn't want to take any part in it. Diamond Jin is unhappy that not only Ding is not living up to his vows, but also he didn't want to accept the hospitality of the party.

=Julia Dereżyńska=

党委书记或是矿长帮腔道：
“丁钩儿同志，是什么样的妖风迷雾蒙蔽了您的双眼？您知道不知道，您的枪口对准了的，不是阶级的敌人，而是您的阶级兄弟！”
丁钩儿持枪的手脖子酸软，枪口渐渐下落，他的眼前迷蒙一片，那只缩回茧壳的美丽蝴蝶又开始向上爬行，恐怖的感觉沉重如巨石，压着他的肩头，他感到自己立场不稳，骨骼随时都会瓦解，面前是一个散发着臭气的无底泥潭，陷下去就不可自拔，陷下去就是灭顶之灾。但那个调皮的小家伙、香气扑鼻的小家伙、坚决站在他母亲阵线上的小儿子，正坐在莲花一样形状、莲花一样颜色的仙雾里，对着我，对着我举起了他的手！他的手指短促，肉滚滚的，肥美异常。

The secretary of the party committee or the mine director told Ding Gou'er that they are his "class brothers" and he shouldn't be holding gun at them. Ding Gou'er was feeling terrible, he was scared. He could see the boy sitting in front of him.

=Karolina Englert=

手指上的纹路一圈圈陷进去，一共三圈，手背上有四个肉涡涡。他的甜蜜的笑声在香气里缭绕。莲花升腾，孩子随之升腾。肚脐眼儿圆圆，天真童趣，像腮边的酒涡。你们这些花言巧语的强盗！休想蒙混过关！被你们煮熟了的婴儿对着我微笑。你们说不是婴孩是名菜？哪里有这样的名菜？战国时易牙把儿子蒸熟献给齐桓公，其味鲜美，宛若羊羔胜过羊羔，易牙们，哪里跑？举起手来，接受审判。你们不如易牙，易牙烹自己的儿子，你们烹别人的儿子。易牙是封建地主阶级，效忠王是最高准则；你们是领导干部，杀百姓的儿子喂自己的肚子。天理难容！我听到儿童们在蒸笼里啼哭，在油锅里啼哭。在砧板上啼哭。

=Karol Perka=

在油、盐、酱、醋、糖、茴香、花椒、桂皮、生姜、料酒里啼哭。在你们胃肠里啼哭。在厕所里啼哭。在下水道里啼哭。在江河里啼哭在化粪池里啼哭。在鱼腹里啼哭在庄稼地里啼哭。在鲸鱼、鲨鱼、鳗鱼、鱿鱼、带鱼等等的肚腹里，在小麦的芒尖上、玉米的颗粒里、大豆的嫩荚里、蕃薯的藤蔓上、高粱的茎杆里、谷子的花粉里等等啼哭。哭啊哭，令人不忍卒听的啼哭声，从苹果里、鸭梨里、葡萄里、桃里杏里核桃里发出。水果店里是婴孩的哭声。蔬菜店里是婴孩的哭声。屠宰场里是婴孩的哭声。酒国的盛宴上回响着一个个被害男童的令人毛骨悚然的啼哭声。我不对你们开枪对谁开枪？

=Lena Rzeźnikowska=

他看到几张油光光的脸在红烧男孩的迷雾里漂游着，像碎玻璃一样的光芒时隐时现。他们的稍纵即逝的脸上竟然挂着油滑的、玩世不恭的、或者是轻蔑的笑容。怒火满腔。正义的、复仇的火焰熊熊燃烧，映得满室通红，荷花般辉煌。他大吼一声：畜生们、你们的末日来临了！他听到这吼声在头上发出，很陌生。声音撞到天花板上，无声地破碎，声音的碎片像调落的花瓣一样，拖曳着烟一样的腥红尾巴，纷纷摇动，落满了酒席。他用力扣动了扳机，对着那些碎玻璃一样的脸，那些镶着碎玻璃的脸，那些奸邪的笑容。扳机卡嗒一响，撞针疾速前去，撞在那颗铜光闪闪的可爱子弹的绿屁股上，火药燃烧，速度看不见，气体受压迫，向前冲啊、向前向前向前，前，前。弹头与巨响飞出枪口，硝烟一缕，在枪口抖动。巨响如浪潮翻卷。哇哇怪叫。

=Malwina Filipowicz=

让一切不正义的、不人道的在我的枪声中颤抖。让一切善良的、美好的、香气扑鼻的在我的枪声里抚掌欢笑。正义万岁！真理万岁，人民万岁，共和国万岁。我的伟大的儿子万岁。男孩万岁。女孩万岁。男孩与女孩的母亲们万岁。我也万岁。万岁，万岁，万万岁。
特别侦察员嘴里咕噜着一些谁也听不清楚的胡言乱语，嘴角上挂着白沫，慢吞吞的，如一堵老朽的墙壁瘫在地上。被他的胳膊和手枪扫下来的酒杯砸在他身上，啤酒白酒葡萄酒湿了他的衣服他的脸，他趴在地上，像一具从酒缸里捞出来的死尸。

=Natalia Gloc=

良久，金刚钻、党委书记、矿长以及挤成一堆的红色服务小姐们苏醒过来，从桌子底下钻出来，从地板上爬起来，从别人的裙裾里伸出自己的头。硝烟的味道压倒所有的味道，在餐厅里荡漾着。丁钩儿射出的那颗子弹，恰好打在红烧男孩的脑袋上。脑壳破碎，脑浆子送到墙壁上，红的红，白的白，冒着热气，散着香气，释放着各种感情。红烧婴儿变成了无头婴儿。他的头没被打碎的部分跌在餐桌二层的边缘上，像西瓜皮一样的脑壳或者像脑壳一样的西瓜皮架在一盘扒海参和一盆红烧虾之间，汁液滴滴嗒嗒，流着血一样的西瓜汁或者是西瓜汁一样的血，污染了台布，也污染了人的眼睛。那两颗紫葡萄一样的眼睛或者眼睛一样的紫葡萄，在地板上滴溜溜滚动，一颗滚到了酒柜后边，另一颗滚到了一位红色服务小姐脚下，被她一脚踩破。她的身体摇晃了一下，嘴里发出一声尖叫：哇！

=Wiktoria Wolny=

他们在“哇！”里恢复了理智，哲学、党性、原则、道德等等构成一位领导者素质的全部要素全都回到大脑，支配他们的行动。党委书记或是矿长伸出舌头，舔食了溅到手背上的婴孩脑浆。其味一定鲜美异常，他巴咂着嘴说：
“这家伙，糟蹋了一道好菜！”
金刚钻不满意地瞥了他一眼，在金副部长批评的目光下舔食脑浆者满面羞愧。金副部长说：
“快把老丁同志扶起来，擦干净脸面，灌碗醒酒汤。”
红色服务小姐们急忙行动起来。她们扶起丁钩儿，为他擦嘴、擦脸，但不敢为他擦手。他手握钢枪，仿佛随时都要射击。她们扫了破碎的酒杯，擦干净地板。她们搬着他的头，用浸在酒精里严格消过毒的不锈钢开口器撬开他紧咬的牙关，把一个硬塑料漏斗插到他的嘴里，然后，一匙一匙地，往那漏斗里也就是往他嘴里灌注醒酒汤。

With that “wha!”, they all regained their sanity. The party secretary — or mine director — stuck out his tongue and licked some of the child's brain from his hand, delighting in the taste. However, he was visually scolded for doing so by Deputy Director Jin Gangzuan, who soon ordered Dou Gou'er to be revived. This order was carried out by the waitresses, who unclenched Dou Gou'er's jaws and placed a funnel in his mouth, through which they poured the sobering decoction into his mouth.

=Zyta Rydz=

金刚钻问：
“几号醒酒汤？”
红色服务小姐的领班答道：
“1号。”
金刚钻说：
“用2号吧，2号醒得快一些。”
服务小姐去厨房里取来一瓶金黄色的液体，拔开胶木塞子后，一股清凉的气息从瓶口涌出，沁着人的心脾。她们把大半瓶金黄液体倒进漏斗里。丁钩儿咳嗽，呛了，漏斗里液体喷起很高。
他感到一股清泉流入胃肠，浇灭了烈火，唤醒了神志。身躯恢复活力，把那爬出头颅的美丽意识之蝶吸附回来。他睁开眼睛，第一眼看到坐在金盘里的无头男孩，他的心一阵剧痛。他不由自主地叫了一声：亲娘啊！我难受！然后把枪举起。

Wang Meng ppt

2024-01-10T22:19:50Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==Wang Meng 苏诗美 Homework==

=Introduction to the text=

Introduction to the text: Zhong Yicheng, a young Communist Party backer, and Ling Xue have their happy new marriage interrupted when a children's poem that Zhong has written is deemed by authorities to be politically ""subversive."" Following Cultural Revolutionary custom, he loses his party membership and is sent to work in the country. Zhong Yicheng has a psychological crisis and fights with his thoughts about his sins against the Party. The Party has him brainwashed and he starts to believe he really has done something wrong.He is blindly loyal, even when they torture him.
年轻的共产党支持者钟一成和凌雪的幸福新婚因为钟一成写的一首儿童诗被当局认定为政治“颠覆”而中断。被派往国内工作。钟宜城出现心理危机，并与自己对党犯下的罪孽进行斗争。党对他进行了洗脑，他开始相信自己确实做错了事。他盲目忠诚，即使他们折磨他。

=Aleksandra Urbańska=
劳动，劳动，劳动！几十万年前，劳动使猿猴变成了人。几十万年后的中国，体力劳动也正发挥着它净化思想、再造灵魂的伟力。钟亦成深信这一点。他的对祖国山川和人民大众的热爱，他的献身的愿望，他的赎罪的狂热，他的青春的活力，他的不论在什么处境之下都无法中断的、不断从生活中获得补充和激发的诗情，全都倾注在山区农村的笨重的、应该说是还相当原始的体力劳动里。

=Anna Proskura=
他背着满满的一篓子羊粪蛋上山，给梯田施肥，刚起步两分钟，就像做豆腐的最后一道工序——用石板压一样，汗水像豆腐水一样地从四面溢了出来。他爬梁越坡，沿着蜿蜒崎岖的山径前行。他的腰背弯成七十度，尽力学着老农的样子，两腿叉开，略略拳曲以利于维持平衡。

He carried a basket full of sheep's dung eggs up the mountain to fertilize the terraced fields, and just two minutes after starting, like the last process of making tofu – pressing it with a stone slab - sweat poured out from all sides like tofu water. He climbed beams and slopes, travelling along the winding and rugged mountain paths. His back was bent at seventy degrees and he did his best to act like an old farmer, with his legs spread and slightly fist-curved to help maintain his balance.

=Asia Zawada=
两只手是自由的，有时甩来甩去，觉得上肢轻松得令人飘飘然。有时交插手指放在胸前，一副虔诚的样子。有时用两手拢成一个圆环，这是一个练气功的姿势，为了拔步陡坡，必须气运丹田。每走一步他都觉得腿在长劲，腰在长劲，他确实是脚跟站稳，脚踏实地，在把自己的体力和热情，把饱含着农作物所需要的氮、磷、钾和有机质的肥料，献给哺育着我们的共和国的农田。

=Ada Dan=
他掏大粪。粪的臭味使他觉得光荣和心安。一挑一挑粪稀和黄土拌在一起，他确实从心眼里觉得可爱，拌匀了，发酵了，滤细了，黄土变得黑油油的了，粘土也变得疏松，然后装上马车，拉到地里，撒开，风把粪渣送到嘴里。他觉得舒畅，因为，他已经被大地妈妈养活了二十多年，如今第一次把礼物献给大地妈妈……

Because of his mental and physical exhaustion he starts to perceive his tiresome and humiliating work as honorable. When he mixes stinky dung to fertilize the soil, he thinks about Mother Earth, about how he can "repay" her feeding him for his whole life.

=Ewa Kopania=
春天了，他深翻地，目不斜视，耳不旁听，全部肌肉和全部灵魂的能力集中在三个动作上：直腰竖锨，下蹬，翻土；然后又是直腰竖锨……他变成了一台翻地机，除了这三个动作他的生命再没有其他的运动。他飞速地，像是被电马达所连动，像是在参加一场国际比赛一样地做着这三位一体的动作。腰疼了，他狠狠心，腿软了，他咬咬牙。

=Gabriela Krukowska=
腿完全无力了，他便跳起来，把全身的重量集中到蹬锨的一条腿上，于是，借身体下落的重力一压，扑哧，锨头直溜溜地插到田地里……头昏了，这只能使他更加机械地、身不由己地加速着三段式的轮转。忘我的劳动，艰苦而又欢乐。刹那间，一个小时过去了，三个小时过去了，十二个小时也过去了，他翻了多么大一片土地！都是带着墒、带着铁锨的脖颈印儿的褐黑色土块，你想数一数有多少锨土吗？简直比你的头发还多……人原来可以做这么多切实有益的事。

When his legs were completely weak, he jumped up and concentrated his whole body weight on the leg that was on the shovel. This way, he used the gravity of his falling body to press, breathing hard when throwing himself down, the shovel head went plunged straight into the ground... Dizziness only made him more machine like and involuntary speed up the three stage rotation. Selfless labour, hard but also joyful. In the blink of an eye, one hour went by, three hours went by, then twelve hours went by, he flipped over so much soil! It was all brownish-black earth with moisture and the neck marks of the shovel, and do you want to count how many shovels of earth there were? Simply put, it was more than your hair... People can do so many practical and beneficial things.

=Julia Dereżyńska=
这些事不会在一个早上被彻底否定，被批判得体无完肤…… 夏天，他割麦子，上身脱个精光，弯下腰来把脊背袒露在阳光下面。镰刀原来是那么精巧，那么富有生命，像灵巧的手指一样，它不但能斩断麦秸，而且可以归拢，可以捡拾，可以搬运。他学会用镰刀了，而且还能使出一些花招，嚓嚓嚓，腾出了一片地，嚓嚓嚓，又是一片地。

Those things cannot be completely denied and criticized on one morning. In the summer, when he was cutting wheat, his upper body all shiny, he bent down to expose his back to the sunlight. The sickle turned out to be so exquisite, so full of life, just like nimble fingers, not only could it cut the wheat straw, but also could gather it, pick it up and transport it. He learned how to use the sickle but also how to perform some tricks. Swoosh, and a piece of land was clear, swoosh, and another one was cleared up.

=Karol Perka=
多么可爱的眉毛，每个人都有两道眉毛，这样的安排是多么好，不然，汗水流得就会糊住眼睛。直一下腰吧，刚才还是密不透风的麦田一下子开阔了许多，看见了在另一边劳动的农民，看到山和水。一阵风吹来，真凉快，真自豪……秋天，他打荆条，腰里缠着绳子，手里握着镰刀。几个月没有摸镰刀了，再拿起来，就像重新造访疏于问候的老友一样令人欢欣。

=Karolina Englert=
他登高涉险，行走在无路之处如履平地，一年的时间，他爱上了山区，他成了山里人。如同一个狩猎者，远远一瞭望，啊，发现了，在群石和杂草之中，有一簇当年生的荆条，长短合度，精细匀调，无斑无节，不嫩不老，令人心神俱往，令人心花怒放。他几个箭步，蹿上去了，左手捏紧，右手轻挥镰刀，嚓地一声，一束优质荆条已经在握了，捆好，挂在腰间的绳子上；

=Lena Rzeźnikowska=
又一抬头，又发现了目标，他又攀登上去了，像黄羊一样灵活，像麋鹿一样敏捷，身手矫健，目光如电…… 除了和农民、和下放干部们一起劳动以外，他和几个“分子”还主动地或被动地给自己加了成倍的额外任务。夜里三点，好像脑袋才刚挨枕头，就起来“早战”了，把粪背到梯田上，把核桃、枣、甘薯、萝卜背下去。

=Malwina Filipowicz=
在星空下走小路，星星好像就在人的身边，随手都可以抓到。中午嘴里还啃着咸菜和窝头，又开始“午战”了。晚上喝完两大碗稀粥，又是“夜战”。夜战的时间长了，有时候也犯迷糊，分不清早战和夜战了。除了星宿的位置有些不同，别的区别很少能觉察到。人真是有本事，把加班说成什么什么“战”，马上就增加了一层非凡的革命的色彩，

=Natalia Gloc=
原来他们是在战，在打仗，在向资产阶级、向自己思想中的敌人开火，不是你死，就是我活，谁能懈怠呢？干就干吧，还要竞赛，还要批评表扬，一得空就要评比，还要按劳动和遵守纪律的情况划分类别，改造得较好的——一类，一般的——二类，较差的——三类，继续反党、反社会主义的准备带着花岗岩脑袋见上帝的——四类。这种评比可真有刺激的力量！

=Paweł Andraszak=
所以农民反映：“分子”们劳动是拼命，像“砸明火”一样气急败坏，看着他们干活我们都害怕——他们重载上山的时候是跑步，下山的时候是跳跃，喘气的声音两里地外都听得见。这还不算，一有空他们还得考虑自己的罪行，考虑通过这种“砸明火”的劳动如何进一步认识自己的丑恶面目，进一步感谢党的挽救……

=Wiktoria Wolny=
钟亦成出身城市贫民，从小家境不好，在他发育成长的关键时期——十一岁至十四岁的时候，正是家里吃了上顿没有下顿的时候，所以，他身材瘦小，手腕和脚踝特别细，解放后的繁忙的会议、工作之中，他也没有年轻人应有的娱乐、体育锻炼和足够的休息。来山区后营养又差，农民还可以从供销社买点点心吃，而他们的纪律是不准买任何吃的东西。

Zhong Yicheng came from an urban poor background, he grew up in a poor family. During the critical period of his growth and development, so between the ages of eleven and fourteen, his family could barely put food on the table. Because of that, he was emaciated and small, with particularly thin wrists and ankles. After liberation, in the midst of the busy meetings and work, he did not have the entertainment, physical exercise and sufficient rest that young people should have. When he came to the mountains, he was malnourished once again. The peasants could buy some snacks from the supply and marketing cooperatives, whereas their discipline did not allow them to buy anthing to eat.

=Zyta Rydz=
但不知道是一股什么样的内在的、神奇的力量，支持着钟亦成，使他在如此严酷沉重的劳动中没有垮下来——许多比他们干活少得多的下放干部这个住了院，那个请了假，有的一回城就半年不见影子——他咬紧牙关，勇往直前，在严酷的劳动中体味到新的乐趣，新的安慰。他甚至觉得，以往不从事体力劳动的岁月全是浮夸，全是高高在上，虚度年华。

Crit lit 20230131

2024-01-10T18:04:07Z

Wang Meifen: /* List of final exam papers (please also add your English name) */

Back to course homepage: [[Critical_Review_of_Chinese_Literature#Final_Exam_Paper]]

=List of final exam papers (please also add your English name)=
* 王晓彤：将曹雪芹《红楼梦》中的人名翻译成英文时使用的策略（Translation strategies used in translating personal names in Cao Xueqin's “The Dream of the Red Chamber” into English）OK
* 今乐：语言如何塑造我们的世界观:《马桥词典》书的分析（How language shapes our worldview - analysis of the book 《Dictionary of Maqiao》）OK
* 晏黎：墨香铜臭网络小说《魔道祖师》的取名策略及其对人物解读的影响。(The strategy of creating names in web novel "The Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation" by Mo Xiang Tong Xiu and how it affects our interpretation of the characters) OK
* 康明杰
* 安浩阳: 萧红小说《呼兰河传》中的中国乡村神灵与信仰。（Chinese gods and beliefs in the countryside in Xiao Hong's novel "Tales of Hulan River")
* 李美琳
* 苏诗美
* 裴梦姣
* 安凱容
* 爱答 The portrayal of xenocide concept in two different approaches: The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin and Ender's Game by Orson S. Card (philosophical comparison)
* 杨思艺
* 张宇璇
* 王美芬 Gabriela Krukowska 莫言《酒国》与米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫《大师与玛格丽特》的比较 (Comparison of Mo Yan's "Republic of wine" and Mikhail Bulgakov's "Master and Margarita")

=Tips=
#Since you are Master students, I think you should try to write your thoughts on books already analyzed using academic paper format, as if you want to submit your paper to an academic journal. This would also be a good training. You can e.g. compare two works of literature we worked with in class and compare them, or you can pick a theory or research approach you find fitting and analyse just one of the works. You can also look at translation strategies and compare different translations of the same work.
# You can choose any work of Chinese literature (or if you want to do a comparison: two works of literature, of which at least one needs to be a work of Chinese literature).
# You may apply a theory, e.g. a translation theory and then compare different translations, what theory or strategy the translator has applied and how far the translations correspond to this theory/strategy and maybe which translation is better and how far this has to do with the strategy applied. You can also apply totally different theories, e.g. from psychology etc.
# You need to write in English and give a Chinese translation.
# Length: 1,000 characters in Chinese, the corresponding length in English.
# Due date: Jan 31, 2024. However, I recommend to finish the paper earlier, e.g. until Jan 10, 2024.
# Final corrections: Please correct your fellow student's paper - the one beneath your own paper - until Jan 15, 2024, so that the original student still has time to work your recommendations into the paper.
# Do not copy and paste from existing literature. Do not use ChatGPT or other AI because I need to grade you and if you use it, I do not know exactly, which part of the paper is written by you and which part by AI.
# For all quotations, please indicate exact page numbers (except from internet online publications).
=First student: topic=
==Student name, affiliation, country==
==Abstract==
==Key words==
==Introduction==
==(Systematic) literature review==
==Research question, research methods and design==
==First part==
==Second part==
==Third part==
==Conclusion==
==References==
==第一个学生：主题==
==学生姓名、所属单位、国家==
==摘要==
==关键词==
==导言==
==（系统）文献综述==
==研究问题、研究方法和设计==
==第一部分==
==第二部分==
==第三部分==
==结论==
==参考文献==
=Second student: topic=
==Student name, affiliation, country==
==Abstract==
==Key words==
==Introduction==
==(Systematic) literature review==
==Research question, research methods and design==
==First part==
==Second part==
==Third part==
==Conclusion==
==References==
==第二个学生：主题==
==学生姓名、所属单位、国家==
==摘要==
==关键词==
==导言==
==（系统）文献综述==
==研究问题、研究方法和设计==
==第一部分==
==第二部分==
==第三部分==
==结论==
==参考文献==
==...==

20240131 cult finals

2024-01-10T16:56:56Z

Wang Meifen: /* TOPICS FOR THE FINAL PAPER */

Back to [[Chinese_Culture|course homepage]].

=TOPICS FOR THE FINAL PAPER=
'''All topics are OK!'''
----
1. 康明杰 LGBT+ in China OK

2. 王晓彤：中国金属音乐：历史、发展与评论接受 OK

3.安浩阳：中国文化中蔬菜和水果的象征意义 OK

4.李美琳：中国假货市场 OK

5.苏诗美: 猴子在中国文化 OK

6.裴梦姣：中国的美容标准 OK

7. 金乐：中华人民共和国电影审查 OK

8. 安凱容：中国天灯的祝福和啓示 OK

9. 爱答天空文化 Space Culture in China (promotion of space exploration in media, education and market) OK

10. 晏黎中国神话文化中的“四象”

11. 杨思艺中国流行歌曲

12. 王美芬中国的刻板印象：吃狗肉

==How to write your final exam paper==

Please write in Chinese 1,000 characters. (Please also add an English translation.) Please think of a new text book chapter about a phenomenon of Chinese culture and list your topic with your name above. As soon as it will be approved by the teacher, you can start writing in one of the sub-websites beneath (see bottom of the page).

The deadline has been extended to '''Jan 20, 2023'''. After finishing your own paper, please go to the next paper, proof read it, contact the author, proof read by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy and sign the corrections until Jan 25. The author then finalizes (works in the suggestions) until the final deadline Jan 31!
==Structure==
需要有topic、学生姓名、学号、专业、Abstract、Key words、不同的章回（比如1. Introduction、2. ....、3. ……、4.……、5. Conclusion、References, Terms and Expressions, Questions, Answers)。Total number of Chinese characters: 1,000.

==Tips for writing your final exam paper: How to indicate your references==
*You can use the existing book chapters here as an example.
*Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. And then, you need to add a section at the end called "References". There you write the full version of the reference: Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). ''翻译基础'' [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学. Similarly, you do it for papers: Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. ''智库时代'' Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.
*Do '''not''' write any references like in one of the sample chapters:

[1] dsalkfkdsa

[2] adsfadsfag

But only the following way:

(Liu Miqing 2010, 17) in the text

and then

'''References'''
*Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. ''智库时代'' Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.
*Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). ''翻译基础'' [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学.

Also, please avoid using the three apostrophes like ' ' ' (without spaces). Use the equal signs to mark headers and subheaders instead. If your paper topic has two equal signs at the beginning and end of your topic, then use three equal signs for your sub headers. Example (without spaces):
= = Topic = =
< c e n t e r > Student Name, Student no. < / c e n t e r >
= = = Abstract = = =
This chapter is on ....
= = = Key Words = = =
Egg, Hen
= = = 题目 = = =
= = = 摘要 = = =
= = = 关键词 = = =
= = = Introduction = = =
Here starts the normal text of the chapter. Please remember to indicate the source of EACH PARAGRAPH, sometimes even of single sentences. You can indicate it like this. (Woesler 2020, 345) And don't forget to mention the full bibliographical entry beneath under ''References''.
= = = The Egg = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = The Hen = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = Conclusion = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = References = = =
Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. ''Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona'' Muenster: LIT

==Sample papers==
You can find the full papers both on our [[Chinese_Culture|course website]] and also in our textbook, of which you have received a pdf file 9783865155009_Chinese_Culture_FULL.pdf.

==Ideas for new topics==
1. Kong Yiji Literature

孔乙己文学 kǒng yǐ jǐ wén xué

学历不但是敲门砖，也是我下不来的高台，更是孔乙己脱不下的长衫 - Academic qualifications are not only a stepping stone, but also a high platform that I cannot get off. It’s also like the long gown Kong Yiji cannot take off.

Background:

• In a social media post in April, a young man, frustrated with the limitations of China's education system, compared himself to the well-known character in Lu Xun’s 鲁迅 short story, Kong Yiji 孔乙己.

• Kong Yiji spent his life studying the "four books" (四书) and the "five classics" (五经). But in old age he is a poor beggar, unable to make a career as a scholar. Yet he still arrogantly, and ridiculously, wears his long-sleeved scholar's gown. He is a metaphor for how students in China today feel: Highly educated, but unable to find a good job. Read more in this week’s Phrase of the Week.

Related:

• 躺平 tǎngpíng - lie flat

• 内卷 nèijuǎn - intense competition

2. Introvert / extrovert

i人/e人 i rén / e rén

“i人”泛指在社交中失去能量、一般来说性格内敛的人，而“e人”泛指在社交中获得能量、一般来说性格外向的人 - Introverts are generally people who lose energy in social interactions, while extroverts generally refer to those who gain energy.

Background:

• The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a psychological assessment framework, assigns a binary value to four personality traits: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving.

• MBTI became a popular way to talk about personality types in China around May this year, seen as an alternative to zodiac signs. The values most of interest to Chinese internet users are "i" (introverted), and "e" (extroverted), which became a popular source of memes. i人 is also a more neutral way to say 内向 (introverted, quiet) in Chinese.

Related:

• 社恐 shè kǒng - socially awkward people

• 社牛 shè niú - socially confident people

3. Special forces-style tourism

特种兵式旅游 tè zhǒng bīng shì lǚ yóu

“特种兵式旅游”指高强度的旅行方式，即在周末或节假日等有限的时间里，游览尽可能多的景点 - "Special forces-style tourism" refers to high-intensity travelling, which is visiting as many scenic spots as possible in a limited time, such as during weekends or short national holiday breaks.

Background:

• After China relaxed its zero-Covid restrictions, people took the opportunity to take holidays on weekends and short national holidays. It was described as “special forces-style” tourism, involving intense travel, taking in as many places, in as little time, and for as little cost as possible.

• The term “special forces-style” has become a common way to express “intense” activity in different areas too.

Related:

• 特种兵式观剧 tè zhǒng bīng shì guān jù - binge watching TV series

• 特种兵式开会 tè zhǒng bīng shì kāi huì - holding marathon meetings

• 特种兵式午休 tè zhǒng bīng shì wǔ xiū - having a power nap

4. Way ahead

遥遥领先 yáo yáo lǐng xiān

2023年8月，华为宣布推出“HUAWEI Mate 60 Pro先锋计划”时，很多网友都用“遥遥领先”来调侃这一系列的产品

- In August 2023, when Huawei announced the launch of the "HUAWEI Mate 60 Pro Pioneer Plan", many netizens used the term "far ahead" to poke fun at this product line.
Background:

• An idiom which translates as "leading by a wide margin". At the Huawei Mate40 product launch in October 2020, Huawei executive Yu Chengdong 余承东 described the new product using the idiom 14 times. Since then it’s taken on the meaning of “exaggeration”, in relation to Huawei products, and also more generally.

• In August 2023, Huawei announced the launch of the "HUAWEI Mate 60 Pro Pioneer Plan”. Internet users again jokingly to poke fun at the new product. But there is perhaps more "leading" and less "exaggeration" to come from Huawei in 2024, with Yu Chengdong hinting this week there are more "leading, innovative, and disruptive" products to come next year, and more cause for concern in the US as highlighted by US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo this week.

5. Buddy

搭子 dā zi

饭搭子是在人比较孤独的时候喊个人一起吃饭聊天，但平时不怎么联系 - A "meal buddy" is someone you hang out with when you don't want to eat alone, but have little contact with outside of that.

Background:

• From the word “card buddy” 牌搭子, which in the Shanghai dialect means someone you play cards with. Over time, its usage has expanded to refer to people engaging in specific activities together.

• “Buddy” 搭子 is a new type of relationship in China, “lighter than a friendship but deeper than a colleague relationship.” This phrase is a must-know and can be adapted to different situations.
Related:

• 饭搭子 fàn dā zi - meal buddy

• 旅游搭子 lǚ yóu dā zi - travel buddy

• 运动搭子 yùn dòng dā zi - exercise buddy

6. Really?

尊嘟假嘟 zūn dū jiǎ dū

我听说了，老板说这个月开始涨工资。尊嘟假嘟 - I heard the boss is going to increase our wages this month. Really?!

Background:

• From an account on Bilibili, 伯恩山 bot. The phrase is an onomatopoeia from a computer-generated voice sounding like a pet saying “really?! (真的假的 zhēn de jiǎ de) in Chinese.

• On social media it means “unbelievable.” Although it sounds cute, it also shows annoyance and criticism of insincere behaviour.

7. The "I miss you" wind has come to...

想你的风还是吹到了... xiǎng nǐ de fēng hái shì chuī dào le …

不知何时起，“我在xx很想你”、“想你的风还是吹到了xx”……这样的路牌成了全国各地旅游景点的流行元素，也成了网红拍照打卡点 - I don’t know since when, but street signs like “I miss you so much in xx” and “The 'I miss you' wind has come to xx” can be seen everywhere in tourist attractions across the country, and have also become popular selfie spots.

Background:

• Started as a slogan in promotional videos of tourist destinations. In recent times, there has been a wave of "'I miss you' wind" (想你的风) online.

• The phrase is seen on road signs at tourist attractions, including popular sites, streets, and even entire cities, to encourage tourists to take selfies and post images of themselves online.

Related:

• 竹筒奶茶 zhú tǒng nǎi chá - Milk tea in bamboo tube (another tourist consumer craze which was popular this year).

8. I am feeling great (not)

精神状态良好 jīng shén zhuàng tài liáng hǎo

网友们常常使用“我现在精神状态良好”来暗示自己实际上精神状态并不好，反而非常不稳定 - Netizens often use "I am feeling great" to imply that they are actually not in a good mental state, but rather very unstable.

Background:

• This is said ironically, actually meaning "I'm feeling emotionally unstable". The phrase became popular with young people as a way to cope with pressures of life. It’s a way of going "crazy" in order to relieve stress in the face of extreme competition, pressure, and anxiety.

• Some brands, such as McDonald's, KFC, and Lele Tea 乐乐茶, have effectively used the "good mental state" theme in their marketing campaigns, resonating with young people in need of emotional release, and some fun.

Related:

• 精神内耗 jīng shén nèi hào - emotional anxiety

• 卷又卷不动，躺又躺不平 juǎn yòu juǎn bú dòng, tǎng yòu tǎng bù píng - too tired to compete and too scared to lie flat

9. Magnificent wealth

泼天的富贵 pō tiān de fù guì

网友将这波流量带来的收益戏称为“泼天的富贵” - Netizens nicknamed the income brought by this wave of web traffic as "the boundless wealth that can cover the sky".

Background:

• Direct translation: "incomparable wealth, power, and status that floods the heavens." The origin of this expression is believed to come from a line in the classic Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber (红楼梦).

• It became popular following livestreaming e-commerce star Li Jiaqi’s 李佳琦 eyebrow pencil pricing incident in September, when he told a viewer to work harder to afford the 79 yuan product. Chinese brands saw an opportunity, creating product combos priced at 79 yuan. Bee and Flower 蜂花, a shampoo brand, sold extremely well using this strategy. On grabbing 79 yuan deals, netizens joked: "This enormous wealth has finally come to me!" (这波泼天富贵轮到我了). It’s poking fun at Li Jiaqi, highlighting successful brands, and expresses the feeling of "winning while lying down." (躺赢).

Related:

• 哪李贵了 nǎ lǐ guì le - Austin Li is out of touch (At the time, this was a much more popular meme, which we discussed in this newsletter).

10. From questioning them, to understanding them, to becoming them

质疑...，理解...，成为... zhì yí..., lǐ jiě..., chéng wéi...

质疑父母，理解父母，成为父母 - From questioning your parents, to understanding them, and finally becoming like them.

Background:

• Originally from the TV series iPartment 爱情公寓, a sitcom first aired in 2009. The character Lin Wanyu 林宛瑜 rejects her boyfriend's marriage proposal, choosing to pursue her career. At first, the audience doesn’t understand and is critical (质疑), but they eventually understand (理解), and some even identify and claim to be like her (成为).

• Earlier this year, the phrase "Question Wanyu, understand Wanyu, become Wanyu” (质疑宛瑜，理解宛瑜，成为宛瑜) gained popularity on social media. This structure became a widely used sentence format in other contexts.

Related:

• 质疑班主任，理解班主任，成为班主任 - Question the teacher, understand the teacher, become the teacher

Other important buzzwords of 2023

Comparison of the three “official” top 10 lists

The following phrases are the rest of the buzzwords from the three top ten lists that didn't quite make the cut for our top ten, but are important for you to know.
We’ve put the phrases into three categories: Social media memes, life in China and social trends, politics and policy.

Social media memes

11. Dig, dig, dig

挖呀挖呀挖 wā ya wā ya wā

在小小的花园里面挖呀挖呀挖，种小小的种子，开小小的花 - In the little garden, dig, dig, dig. Plant little seeds, and little flowers will bloom.

Background:

• "Dig, dig, dig in the little..." are lyrics of the nursery rhyme, Growing Flowers in the Garden, which was uploaded to Douyin in May this year by a Wuhan kindergarten teacher, surnamed Huang. In the video, Teacher Huang sings the song with kindergarten children with hand gestures. She became a viral sensation, garnering billions of hits on Douyin and other social platforms.

• People began to use this song as a template to make creative adaptations in other areas of life, mainly complaining about working too hard.

Related:

• 在小小的公司里挖呀挖呀挖，挣得少少的工资，根本不够花 - I dig and dig and dig in a small company, and the little salary I earn is not enough

• 在短短的假期里面挖呀挖呀挖，在长长的的调休日里乏呀乏呀乏 - I dig and dig and dig in the short vacation and I am exhausted working in many make-up days

12. Princess, please get on!

公主，请上车 gōng zhǔ, qǐng shàng chē

女儿要求父亲说一句“公主，请上车”才肯上车，结果父亲觉得是无理取闹，独自骑着电瓶车就走了 - A daughter asked her father to say "Princess, please get on", when he picked her up on his scooter. The father felt that it was unreasonable, so he rode off leaving the girl behind.

Background:

• A meme which started life on Douyin, in which a young girl asks her father to say the words “Princess, please get on” before she gets on his scooter at school pick-up. But the dad refuses to give her the royal welcome she hoped for, and instead scoots off in disgust!

• Originally a line from the 1953 American movie, Roman Holiday, this recreation of the scene took off on the Chinese internet, widely shared and imitated. The phrase "Princess (or prince), please..." has since become popular in other contexts.

Related:

• 公主，请上班 gōngzhǔ, qǐng shàng bān - Princess, please go to work

• 公主，请下单 gōngzhǔ, qǐng xià dān - Princess, please place your order

13/ Hachimi

哈基米 hā jī mǐ

给你点个赞，你的哈基米好可爱 - Nice, your cat is so cute!

Background:

• An onomatopoeia originally from the music of a viral cute cat video in May. The song first appeared in the anime Uma Musume: Pretty Derby 赛马娘, when the female protagonist hums the song on her way to buy honey (Hachimi means honey in Japanese).

• The Hachimi meme is widely used by pet content creators as background music for cute cat videos. The song is also used in pet marketing videos.

14. You seem to be a nice person

你人还怪好嘞 nǐ rén hái guài hǎo lei

在视频中他模拟大学生心思单纯，轻易相信人贩子说的话，还不忘加上“您人还怪好的嘞”的称赞 - In the video, he immitated a college student with a simple mind, who easily believed what the traffickers said, and even added: "You are quite a nice person."

Background:

• Originated from a blogger who unintentionally filmed a university student who needed to use the bathroom, entrusting his luggage to a passerby. He said “You are quite a good person" as he ran off to relieve himself.

• The phrase has a mocking tone towards the innocent university student, not yet aware of the harsh realities of society. It’s also used sarcastically towards someone who is not nice.

15. It's so cool!

泰裤辣 tài kù là

如果你也可以像我一样，那我觉得这件事情泰裤辣 - If you can be like me, then I think this is so cool!

Background:

• This phrase, which directly translates as “Thai trousers spicey”, sounds the same as “so cool” (太酷啦) in Chinese.

• This new take on the word for “cool” came from a freestyle rap by Wang Linkai 王琳凯 during a concert in May, finishing the freestyle with 泰酷辣 in a strong accent. “So cool” is used by netizens to mockingly describe confident and self-promoting celebrities.

16. Lively one

显眼包 xiǎn yǎn bāo

每个物种每个领域都有自己的显眼包 - Each type of thing, and each sector, has its own "lively ones".

Background:

• Describes people who attract attention, usually with a negative connotation of "show-off" or "attention-seeking". But it's become a positive term since May, following actor, Deng Chao’s 邓超, hosting of the Huabiao Awards 华表奖 (like a state-run Oscars). Deng cued the actors and actresses with humorous hand gestures, sometimes by mimicking their iconic on-screen moments.

• The phrase describes people who are lively and outgoing, and who naturally draw attention to themselves. It’s also used by products, such as snack brand, Wei Long 卫龙, which incorporated the phrase into a product launch this year.

Life in China and social trends

17. Village Super

村超 cūn chāo

村超，是贵州榕江三宝侗寨的“和美乡村足球超级联赛”的简称，这是一项由榕江老百姓自发组织的乡村体育赛事 - Village Super is the abbreviation of "Hemei Rural Football Super League" in Sanbao Dong Village in Rongjiang county, Guizhou. It is a rural sports event organised by the people of Rongjiang.

Background:

• Village Super is a non-government, rural, amateur football tournament held in Rongjiang County, a Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province. Held in June and July, it’s organised by local villagers, with 20 rural teams made up of players ranging in age from 15 to over 40.

• Players come from diverse backgrounds, including peddlers, drivers, students, carpenters, and butchers, representing different ethnic minorities. The tournament gained immense popularity both online and offline this summer. In the state media it was portrayed as a symbol of unity and community spirit.

Related:

• 村BA cūn b a - Village BA (rural basketball)

• 村排 cūn pái - Village Volley

18. Dopamine…

多巴胺... duō bā ān...

多巴胺穿搭成为了年轻人最爱的穿搭风格，追求抢眼、大胆前卫的穿搭 - Dopamine fashion has become the favourite style of young people, who want something eye-catching, bold and avant-garde.

Background:

• A transliteration from the English, dopamine, with similar connotations of "happy" or "feel good". It started with the trend of "dopamine fashion," first coined by American fashion psychologist Dawnn Karen. She suggested wearing bright clothes can make you feel happy and confident, and boost your mood.

• "Dopamine fashion" (多巴胺穿搭) took off in China this summer. “Dopamine…” then expanded to other areas of life, meaning "happy" or "enjoyable."

Related:

• 多巴胺景区 duō bā ān jǐng qū - dopamine destination, beautiful scenic spot

• 多巴胺饮食 duō bā ān yǐn shí - dopamine diet, a diet that makes you feel great

• 多巴胺休假 duō bā ān xiū jià - dopamine vacation, an amazing holiday

19. Fans of…

...门 ...mén

我是麦门信徒，可以多给我放几根脆脆薯条吗？麦门永生 - I am a McDonald's believer. Can you put a few more crispy fries for me? McDonald's forever!

Background:

• 门 mén means "door" or "gate" in Chinese. As a suffix, "-gate" refers to sensational or high profile events. It’s from the English "-gate" which means a major political event.

• Now "-gate" in Chinese describes groups of people who are in the same circles or subcultures. In late 2022, "-gate" 门 became a popular meme following an advertising campaign by McDonalds in China with the slogan: "McDonalds fans forever!” (麦门永存). The 门 here is from the word "disciples" (门徒 méntú). It's become a common way to describe groups of fans or people who have the same interest or passion for a particular brand or activity.

Related:

• 猫门 māo mén - fans of cats, cat people

20. People who believe in true love

纯爱战士 chún ài zhàn shì

纯爱战士应声倒地 - The warrior of true love falls to the floor.

Background:

• In Chinese TV dramas, plots involving infidelity, domestic violence, and divorce have become overly common, leaving audiences numb.

• On videos and online novels where “pure” romantic intensity reaches its peak, this phrase appears in comments. But be careful, context is important. The example sentence above can have two meanings: “The one that believes in true love is betrayed;” or “this love story is so sweet that I'm going to faint!”

21. Emotional value

情绪价值 qíng xù jià zhí

如今流行的“情绪价值”则是对人际关系的描述，指的是一个人影响他人情绪的能力 - Today, the popular phrase "emotional value" refers to a person's ability to influence the emotions of others in interpersonal relationships.

Background:

• "Emotional value" is a marketing concept meaning the worth that customers attach to a product or service based on how it makes them feel.

• The phrase has evolved to describe someone’s ability to affect the emotions of others. The more comfort, joy, and stability a person brings to others, the higher their emotional value; If they bring a negative impact on others' emotions, they have a low emotional value.

Politics and policy

22. Productivity driven by innovation

新质生产力 xīn zhì shēng chǎn lì

积极培育未来产业，加快形成新质生产力，增强发展新动能 - We must cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new productive forces, and enhance new development momentum.

Background:

• This is a Xi quote from an inspection tour in Heilongjiang, in September this year.

• It's been referred to in the state media articulating China's goals of becoming a scientific and technological innovator, playing a leading role, and promoting its “high-quality development” agenda.

23. To have the same intention or good will

双向奔赴 shuāng xiàng bēn fù

正是人民的双向奔赴，让中美关系一次次从低谷重回正道 - It is the reaching out to each other by our peoples that has brought Sino-US relations back to the right track from its low point.

Background:

• Direct translation is “rushing in both directions,” the official translation is “to have the same intention or good will.” The phrase is from Xi Jinping's speech at the welcome banquet during the Biden-Xi summit in San Francisco in November.

• In China’s state media, it’s a metaphor for “people from both countries engaged in building healthy relations between the US and China”. (Although this phrase has long been a popular internet slang, meaning something quite different: two people that are in love with each other).

24. Large-scale AI models

人工智能大模型 rén gōng zhì néng dà mó xíng

一系列基于大模型的人工智能应用相继问世，其中 ChatGPT、“文心一言”等已经在社会生产、生活方面产生了广泛影响 - A series of artificial intelligence applications based on large models launched recently, including ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot, have had a wide impact on society.

Background:

• ChatGPT has been a favourite topic for China’s tech press all year. The launch of the Baidu equivalent, ERNIE Bot 文心一言, and its subsequent flop, was also high on the tech news agenda through the year.

• The regulation, management, and also control of these tools are big questions that China’s policy makers are facing.

==In this section of the website, you can directly write your final exam paper==
===康明杰. (please add topic in Chinese)===
====(please add name in English)LGBT+ in China====
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===王晓彤：中国金属音乐：历史、发展与评论接受===
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===李美琳：中国假货市场===
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===苏诗美: 猴子在中国文化===
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===裴梦姣：中国的美容标准===
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===金乐：中华人民共和国电影审查===
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===安凱容：中国天灯的祝福和啓示===
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===爱答天空文化 Space Culture in China (promotion of space exploration in media, education and market)===
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A Madman's Diary

2023-12-15T08:42:04Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

text in chinese: [https://www.marxists.org/chinese/reference-books/luxun/03/005.htm]

text in english: [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lu-xun/1918/04/x01.htm]

text in polish: [https://skosnymokiem.wordpress.com/2011/07/16/dziennik-szalenca/]

original title: 狂人日记 (A Madman's Diary)

author：鲁迅 (Lu Xun)

== Homework ==

== Aleksandra Urbańska ==
某君昆仲，今隐其名，皆余昔日在中学时良友；分隔多年，消息渐阙。日前偶闻其一大病；适归故乡，迂道往访，则仅晤一人，言病者其弟也。劳君远道来视，然已早愈，赴某地候补矣。因大笑，出示日记二册，谓可见当日病状，不妨献诸旧友。持归阅一过，知所患盖“迫害狂”之类。语颇错杂无伦次，又多荒唐之言；亦不著月日，惟墨色字体不一，知非一时所书。间亦有略具联络者，今撮录一篇，以供医家研究。记中语误，一字不易；惟人名虽皆村人，不为世间所知，无关大体，然亦悉易去。至于书名，则本人愈后所题，不复改也。七年四月二日识。

　　一

　　今天晚上，很好的月光。

　　我不见他，已是三十多年；今天见了，精神分外爽快。才知道以前的三十多年，全是发昏；然而须十分小心。不然，那赵家的狗，何以看我两眼呢？

　　我怕得有理。

The author had two good friends in high school (they were brothers), but they lost contact after years. He heard that one of them was very ill, during his journey home he ventured to meet one brother. The one he met told him the ill man was his younger brother.
The man told him his brother already recovered. He took out two volumes of diary saying that its described the time when his brother was ill. The author took it and after reading it found out the man suffered from a persecution comflex. The content of the diary was confusing, didn't have any dates. He could only notice the differences in ink and how fresh it was. Some parts could be read and they described the illness. The author says he didn't change any information (except for names). Even the title was original.

I

That night the moon was bright, the man said he had finally seen it after a long time, therefore he was excited. He also concluded that he had to be careful, because otherwise the dog at the Chao house wouldn't have looked at him twice. He had a reason to be careful/scared.

== Anna Proskura ==

二

今天全没月光，我知道不妙。早上小心出门，赵贵翁的眼色便怪：似乎怕我，似乎想害我。还有七八个人，交头接耳的议论我，张着嘴，对我笑了一笑；我便从头直冷到脚根，晓得他们布置，都已妥当了。

　　我可不怕，仍旧走我的路。前面一伙小孩子，也在那里议论我；眼色也同赵贵翁一样，脸色也铁青。我想我同小孩子有什么仇，他也这样。忍不住大声说，“你告诉我！”他们可就跑了。

　　我想：我同赵贵翁有什么仇，同路上的人又有什么仇；只有廿年以前，把古久先生的陈年流水簿子，踹了一脚，古久先生很不高兴。赵贵翁虽然不认识他，一定也听到风声，代抱不平；约定路上的人，同我作冤对。但是小孩子呢？那时候，他们还没有出世，何以今天也睁着怪眼睛，似乎怕我，似乎想害我。这真教我怕，教我纳罕而且伤心。

　　我明白了。这是他们娘老子教的！

2.

After a night when the moon did not shine, the madman realized that something was wrong. Coming out of the gate in the morning, he first saw Zhao Guiweng, whose eyes were full of unclear emotions, either fear or hatred towards the protagonist. Then the madman saw other people and children who were angry with him, and he begins to try to understand the reason for this. The main character assumed that these people were put up by Gu Jiu because of one incident that happened 20 years ago. But unfortunately, this assumption did not explain why, for example, children are angry at him, because they were not even born yet at that time. But in the end, even here the madman came to a certain conclusion - the parents are to blame.

== Asia Zawada ==
三

晚上总是睡不着。凡事须得研究，才会明白。

　　他们——也有给知县打枷过的，也有给绅士掌过嘴的，也有衙役占了他妻子的，也有老子娘被债主逼死的；他们那时候的脸色，全没有昨天这么怕，也没有这么凶。

　　最奇怪的是昨天街上的那个女人，打他儿子，嘴里说道，“老子呀！我要咬你几口才出气！”他眼睛却看着我。我出了一惊，遮掩不住；那青面獠牙的一伙人，便都哄笑起来。陈老五赶上前，硬把我拖回家中了。

　　拖我回家，家里的人都装作不认识我；他们的脸色，也全同别人一样。进了书房，便反扣上门，宛然是关了一只鸡鸭。这一件事，越教我猜不出底细。

　　前几天，狼子村的佃户来告荒，对我大哥说，他们村里的一个大恶人，给大家打死了；几个人便挖出他的心肝来，用油煎炒了吃，可以壮壮胆子。我插了一句嘴，佃户和大哥便都看我几眼。今天才晓得他们的眼光，全同外面的那伙人一模一样。

Sleepless nights cause the narrator to overthink. He compared the attitude of those who in the past were touched by injustice to the people seen the day before. One of the women beat her son while watching the narrator. The crowd laughed and the Old Hen took the narrator home. At home no one seemed to recognize the narrator and he was locked up. A few days before, the leaseholder told the narrator's brother about the lethal beating of a bad man in the village. When the narrator interrupted he was met with the same stares as when he met the crowd on the street.

== Edyta Skorupa ==

想起来，我从顶上直冷到脚跟。

　　他们会吃人，就未必不会吃我。

　　你看那女人“咬你几口”的话，和一伙青面獠牙人的笑，和前天佃户的话，明明是暗号。我看出他话中全是毒，笑中全是刀。他们的牙齿，全是白厉厉的排着，这就是吃人的家伙。

　　照我自己想，虽然不是恶人，自从踹了古家的簿子，可就难说了。他们似乎别有心思，我全猜不出。况且他们一翻脸，便说人是恶人。我还记得大哥教我做论，无论怎样好人，翻他几句，他便打上几个圈；原谅坏人几句，他便说“翻天妙手，与众不同”。我那里猜得到他们的心思，究竟怎样；况且是要吃的时候。

　　凡事总须研究，才会明白。古来时常吃人，我也还记得，可是不甚清楚。我翻开历史一查，这历史没有年代，歪歪斜斜的每叶上都写着“仁义道德”几个字。我横竖睡不着，仔细看了半夜，才从字缝里看出字来，满本都写着两个字是“吃人”！

　　书上写着这许多字，佃户说了这许多话，却都笑吟吟的睁着怪眼看我。

　　我也是人，他们想要吃我了！

The narrator reflects on a chilling realization that the group around them may be cannibals. They interpret certain remarks and laughter as coded signals for malicious intentions. Since a dispute with the Gu family, the narrator feels uncertain about their safety, suspecting hidden motives. Investigating historical texts, they discover a disturbing pattern of cannibalism. Despite efforts to understand, the narrator becomes convinced that the group plans to consume them, creating a tense and ominous atmosphere.

== Ada Dan ==

四

　　早上，我静坐了一会儿。陈老五送进饭来，一碗菜，一碗蒸鱼；这鱼的眼睛，白而且硬，张着嘴，同那一伙想吃人的人一样。吃了几筷，滑溜溜的不知是鱼是人，便把他兜肚连肠的吐出。

　　我说“老五，对大哥说，我闷得慌，想到园里走走。”老五不答应，走了；停一会，可就来开了门。

　　我也不动，研究他们如何摆布我；知道他们一定不肯放松。果然！我大哥引了一个老头子，慢慢走来；他满眼凶光，怕我看出，只是低头向着地，从眼镜横边暗暗看我。大哥说，“今天你仿佛很好。”我说“是的。”大哥说，“今天请何先生来，给你诊一诊。”我说“可以！”其实我岂不知道这老头子是刽子手扮的！无非借了看脉这名目，揣一揣肥瘠：因这功劳，也分一片肉吃。我也不怕；虽然不吃人，胆子却比他们还壮。伸出两个拳头，看他如何下手。老头子坐着，闭了眼睛，摸了好一会，呆了好一会；便张开他鬼眼睛说，“不要乱想。静静的养几天，就好了。”

With each day, the madman is getting more and more paranoid. His obsession with cannibalism reaches to the point when he can't even eat meals - for instance, while eating fish he imagines that he eats human flesh instead of fish meat. His brother brings a doctor to give him a checkup. The madman believes that it is all a trap which will eventually lead to him getting eaten. He is convinced that the elderly man is performing a medical examination on him only to evaluate the quality of his meat. 🍖🍖🍖

== Ewa Kopania ==

不要乱想，静静的养！养肥了，他们是自然可以多吃；我有什么好处，怎么会“好了”？他们这群人，又想吃人，又是鬼鬼祟祟，想法子遮掩，不敢直截下手，真要令我笑死。我忍不住，便放声大笑起来，十分快活。自己晓得这笑声里面，有的是义勇和正气。老头子和大哥，都失了色，被我这勇气正气镇压住了。

　　但是我有勇气，他们便越想吃我，沾光一点这勇气。老头子跨出门，走不多远，便低声对大哥说道，“赶紧吃罢！”大哥点点头。原来也有你！这一件大发见，虽似意外，也在意中：合伙吃我的人，便是我的哥哥！

　　吃人的是我哥哥！

　　我是吃人的人的兄弟！

　　我自己被人吃了，可仍然是吃人的人的兄弟！

== Gabriela Krukowska ==

五

　　这几天是退一步想：假使那老头子不是刽子手扮的，真是医生，也仍然是吃人的人。他们的祖师李时珍做的“本草什么”上，明明写着人肉可以煎吃；他还能说自己不吃人么？

　　至于我家大哥，也毫不冤枉他。他对我讲书的时候，亲口说过可以“易子而食”；又一回偶然议论起一个不好的人，他便说不但该杀，还当“食肉寝皮”。我那时年纪还小，心跳了好半天。前天狼子村佃户来说吃心肝的事，他也毫不奇怪，不住的点头。可见心思是同从前一样狠。既然可以“易子而食”，便什么都易得，什么人都吃得。我从前单听他讲道理，也胡涂过去；现在晓得他讲道理的时候，不但唇边还抹着人油，而且心里满装着吃人的意思。

Madman reflects on certain individuals.Is an old doctor truly a healer or perhaps just masquerading as an executioner. Narrator is sceptic about the doctor's intentions, suggesting that even if he is a legitimate doctor, he might still be a cannibal, drawing a connection to an ancient text where the author's ancestor, Li Shizhen, wrote about the consumption of human flesh. Another individual in question is the elder brother. The instances of when he endorsed the idea of "exchanging children for food" and supported the notion of killing and consuming the flesh of wrongdoers are being recalled. On top of that, brother's lack of surprise at the mention of consuming a heart is brought up, indicating a lingering cruelty in his mindset. Madman comes to the realization that when the elder brother explains his actions, he not only has traces of human fat on his lips but also harbors cannibalistic intentions within.

== Julia Dereżyńska ==
六

　　黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。赵家的狗又叫起来了。

　　狮子似的凶心，兔子的怯弱，狐狸的狡猾，……

　　七

　　我晓得他们的方法，直捷杀了，是不肯的，而且也不敢，怕有祸祟。所以他们大家连络，布满了罗网，逼我自戕。试看前几天街上男女的样子，和这几天我大哥的作为，便足可悟出八九分了。最好是解下腰带，挂在梁上，自己紧紧勒死；他们没有杀人的罪名，又偿了心愿，自然都欢天喜地的发出一种呜呜咽咽的笑声。否则惊吓忧愁死了，虽则略瘦，也还可以首肯几下。

It is dark, but the narrator doesn't know if it's day or night. Zhao family dog starts barking.

The narrator thinks that everyone tries to kill him, but they are too scared of the consequences, so they try to make him commit suicide. That way they wouldn't be charged with murder and would get away with this. They would also accept him dying out of fright or because of worrying too much, even if it made him thin.

== Karol Perka ==
他们是只会吃死肉的！——记得什么书上说，有一种东西，叫“海乙那”的，眼光和样子都很难看；时常吃死肉，连极大的骨头，都细细嚼烂，咽下肚子去，想起来也教人害怕。“海乙那”是狼的亲眷，狼是狗的本家。前天赵家的狗，看我几眼，可见他也同谋，早已接洽。老头子眼看着地，岂能瞒得我过。

　　最可怜的是我的大哥，他也是人，何以毫不害怕；而且合伙吃我呢？还是历来惯了，不以为非呢？还是丧了良心，明知故犯呢？

　　我诅咒吃人的人，先从他起头；要劝转吃人的人，也先从他下手。

== Karolina Englert ==
八

其实这种道理，到了现在，他们也该早已懂得，……

　　忽然来了一个人；年纪不过二十左右，相貌是不很看得清楚，满面笑容，对了我点头，他的笑也不像真笑。我便问他，“吃人的事，对么？”他仍然笑着说，“不是荒年，怎么会吃人。”我立刻就晓得，他也是一伙，喜欢吃人的；便自勇气百倍，偏要问他。

　　“对么？”

　　“这等事问他什么。你真会……说笑话。……今天天气很好。”

　　天气是好，月色也很亮了。可是我要问你，“对么？”

　　他不以为然了。含含胡胡的答道，“不……”

　　“不对？他们何以竟吃？！”

　　“没有的事……”

　　“没有的事？狼子村现吃；还有书上都写着，通红斩新！”

　　他便变了脸，铁一般青。睁着眼说，“有许有的，这是从来如此……”

　　“从来如此，便对么？”

　　“我不同你讲这些道理；总之你不该说，你说便是你错！”

== Lena Rzeźnikowska ==
　我直跳起来，张开眼，这人便不见了。全身出了一大片汗。他的年纪，比我大哥小得远，居然也是一伙；这一定是他娘老子先教的。还怕已经教给他儿子了；所以连小孩子，也都恶狠狠的看我。

　　九

　　自己想吃人，又怕被别人吃了，都用着疑心极深的眼光，面面相觑。……

　　去了这心思，放心做事走路吃饭睡觉，何等舒服。这只是一条门槛，一个关头。他们可是父子兄弟夫妇朋友师生仇敌和各不相识的人，都结成一伙，互相劝勉，互相牵掣，死也不肯跨过这一步。

== Malwina Filipowicz ==
十
　　大清早，去寻我大哥；他立在堂门外看天，我便走到他背后，拦住门，格外沉静，格外和气的对他说，

　　“大哥，我有话告诉你。”

　　“你说就是，”他赶紧回过脸来，点点头。

　　“我只有几句话，可是说不出来。大哥，大约当初野蛮的人，都吃过一点人。后来因为心思不同，有的不吃人了，一味要好，便变了人，变了真的人。有的却还吃，——也同虫子一样，有的变了鱼鸟猴子，一直变到人。有的不要好，至今还是虫子。这吃人的人比不吃人的人，何等惭愧。怕比虫子的惭愧猴子，还差得很远很远。

　　“易牙蒸了他儿子，给桀纣吃，还是一直从前的事。谁晓得从盘古开辟天地以后，一直吃到易牙的儿子；从易牙的儿子，一直吃到徐锡林；从徐锡林，又一直吃到狼子村捉住的人。去年城里杀了犯人，还有一个生痨病的人，用馒头蘸血舐。

== Natalia Gloc ==
“他们要吃我，你一个人，原也无法可想；然而又何必去入伙。吃人的人，什么事做不出；他们会吃我，也会吃你，一伙里面，也会自吃。但只要转一步，只要立刻改了，也就是人人太平。虽然从来如此，我们今天也可以格外要好，说是不能！大哥，我相信你能说，前天佃户要减租，你说过不能。”

　　当初，他还只是冷笑，随后眼光便凶狠起来，一到说破他们的隐情，那就满脸都变成青色了。大门外立着一伙人，赵贵翁和他的狗，也在里面，都探头探脑的挨进来。有的是看不出面貌，似乎用布蒙着；有的是仍旧青面獠牙，抿着嘴笑。我认识他们是一伙，都是吃人的人。可是也晓得他们心思很不一样，一种是以为从来如此，应该吃的；一种是知道不该吃，可是仍然要吃，又怕别人说破他，所以听了我的话，越发气愤不过，可是抿着嘴冷笑。

这时候，大哥也忽然显出凶相，高声喝道，

　　“都出去！疯子有什么好看！”

== Paweł Andraszak ==
这时候，我又懂得一件他们的巧妙了。他们岂但不肯改，而且早已布置；预备下一个疯子的名目罩上我。将来吃了，不但太平无事，怕还会有人见情。佃户说的大家吃了一个恶人，正是这方法。这是他们的老谱！

　　陈老五也气愤愤的直走进来。如何按得住我的口，我偏要对这伙人说，

　　“你们可以改了，从真心改起！要晓得将来容不得吃人的人，活在世上。

　　“你们要不改，自己也会吃尽。即使生得多，也会给真的人除灭了，同猎人打完狼子一样！——同虫子一样！”

　　那一伙人，都被陈老五赶走了。大哥也不知那里去了。陈老五劝我回屋子里去。屋里面全是黑沉沉的。横梁和椽子都在头上发抖；抖了一会，就大起来，堆在我身上。

　　万分沉重，动弹不得；他的意思是要我死。我晓得他的沉重是假的，便挣扎出来，出了一身汗。可是偏要说，

　　“你们立刻改了，从真心改起！你们要晓得将来是容不得吃人的人，……”

The main character starts to think that everybody around put on him a label of a madman. Overcame by paranoia, he fears there is a conspiracy against him, and that he will be eaten one day. Then the Old Chen comes over and command him to be quiet. However, he doesn’t listen to him and starts to speak out loud several times in a row that if they won’t change themselves, they may be eaten by someone one day, and there will be no place for cannibals in the future. The Old Chen breaks up the crowd and urge the main character to go back to his room. After returning to his dark room, he starts to have some strange visions of moving rafters which suddenly fall on him and crush him.

== Wiktoria Wolny ==

　十一

　　太阳也不出，门也不开，日日是两顿饭。

　　我捏起筷子，便想起我大哥；晓得妹子死掉的缘故，也全在他。那时我妹子才五岁，可爱可怜的样子，还在眼前。母亲哭个不住，他却劝母亲不要哭；大约因为自己吃了，哭起来不免有点过意不去。如果还能过意不去，……

　　妹子是被大哥吃了，母亲知道没有，我可不得而知。

　　母亲想也知道；不过哭的时候，却并没有说明，大约也以为应当的了。记得我四五岁时，坐在堂前乘凉，大哥说爷娘生病，做儿子的须割下一片肉来，煮熟了请他吃，才算好人；母亲也没有说不行。一片吃得，整个的自然也吃得。但是那天的哭法，现在想起来，实在还教人伤心，这真是奇极的事！

11:

The narrator is reflecting on a past event where their elder brother caused the death of their younger sister. The mother was devastated and cried, but the brother begged her not to cry, likely because he had consumed the sister. The speaker questions if the brother has any sense of shame.

The narrator's sister was killed by his brother, but he's unsure if their mother realized it or not. The narrator believes that mother must have known, but did not openly acknowledge it, possibly because she thought it was proper not to. The narrator remembers a conversation with his brother when he was young, where the brother mentioned that a good child would sacrifice their flesh to feed their sick parents. The narrator's mother did not dispute this idea. The narrator finds it remarkable that they can still feel pain when thinking about the mourning that followed his sister's death.

== Zyta Rydz ==

　十二

　　不能想了。

　　四千年来时时吃人的地方，今天才明白，我也在其中混了多年；大哥正管着家务，妹子恰恰死了，他未必不和在饭菜里，暗暗给我们吃。

　　我未必无意之中，不吃了我妹子的几片肉，现在也轮到我自己，……

　　有了四千年吃人履历的我，当初虽然不知道，现在明白，难见真的人！

　　十三

　　没有吃过人的孩子，或者还有？

　　救救孩子……

　　一九一八年四月

12.

He is unable to think. He finally realized that cannibalism has been common in his country for the last 4 thousand years. He also thinks, that when his little sister died, his brother fed them her body. He is completely devastet by this fact.

13.

He wonders if there are any children, who haven't ate human flesh yet and want them to be saved from that fate

Datong Shu

2023-12-13T22:50:10Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

=The Book of Great Unity=

Original text: [https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=306261&remap=gb]

Title: 大同书 (The Book of Great Unity)

Author: 康有为 Kang Youwei

Presentation: [https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqsF4GTNUGSnsEfeJ8jQR0bIqJPD?e=YnZGvf]

=《庚部　去产界公生业》=

In this fragment, Kang Youwei explains how to get rid of the industrial boundary and the suffering it causes.

==Aleksandra Urbańska==

人生之所赖，农出之，工作之，商运之，资生之学日精，则实业之依倍切。至于近世，奖劝日加，讲求日精，凡农工商皆有学校，农耕皆用机器化料。若工事之精，制造之奇，汽球登天，铁轨缩地，无线之电渡海，比之中古，有若新世界矣。商运之大，轮舶纷驰，物品交通，遍于五洲，皆创数千年未有之异境。文明日进，诚过畴昔。然新业虽瑰玮，不过世界之外观，于民生独人之困苦，公德之缺乏，未能略有补救也。

今以农夫言之，中国许人买卖田产，故人各得小区之地，难于用机器以为耕，无论农学未开，不知改良。而田主率非自耕，多为佃户，出租既贵，水旱非时，终岁劳动，胼手胝足，举家兼勤，不足事畜，食薯煮粥，犹不充饥，甚者鬻子以偿租税，菜色褛衣，其困苦有不忍言者。即使农学遍设，物种大明，化料具备，机器大用，与欧美齐；而田区既小，终难均一，大田者或多荒芜，而小区者徒劳心力；或且无田以为耕，饥寒乞丐，流离沟壑。此不惟中国为然，自美洲新辟得有大田外，各国殆皆不能免焉；而亚洲各旧国，地少人多，殆尤甚者也。

==Anna Proskura==

孔子昔已忧之，故创井田之法，而后人人不忧饥寒；而此方格之事，非新辟之国实不能行。若孔子所谓「盖均无贫」，则义之至也。

后儒日发均田之说，又为限民名田之法，王莽不得其道而妄行之，则适以致乱。英人傅氏之论生计，欲以十里养千人为大井田，其意仁甚，然亦不可行也；盖许人民买卖私产，既各有私产，则贫富不齐，终无由均。若如荷兰之治爪哇，有地头主，领地于国而下税于民，则为重税如诸侯天子矣，盖非太平之道。然则虽有仁人，欲使全地养民，无冻馁之患，无不均之忧，实不可得也。

故以今之治法，虽使机器日出精奇，人民更加才智，政法更有精密，而不行大同之法，终无致生民之食安乐，农人之得均养也。或亦能倡共产之法，而有家有国，自私方甚；有家则一身而妻子待养，有国则陈兵而租税日增，以此制度而欲行共产之说，犹往南而北其辙也，无论法国革命时不能行之，即美国至今亦万不能行也。

Because of his concern, Confucius created the well-field system so that people would not live in hunger and cold. Later, Confucians put forward the theory of land equalisation and also introduced a law to restrict land to people. However, Wang Mang shouldn't do that, otherwise it could lead to chaos. From the examples of equal distribution of land among people in Britain and The Netherlands, it can be argued that even if there are benevolent people who want people to own all the land without suffering from cold and hunger, it is really impossible to achieve equality in this matter. Also, to solve this problem, the system of communism is being considered.

==Asia Zawada==

若夫工业之争，近年尤剧。盖以机器既创，尽夺小工，畴昔手足之烈，一独人可为之者，今则皆为大厂之机器所攘，而小工无所谋食矣。而能作大厂之机器者，必具大资本家而后能为之。故今者一大制造厂、一大铁道轮船厂、一大商厂，乃至一大农家，皆大资本家主之。一厂一场，小工千万，仰之而食；而资本家复得操纵轻重小工之口食而控制之，或抑勒之，于是富者愈富，贫者愈贫矣。

机器之在今百年，不过萌芽耳，而贫富之离绝如此；过是数十年，乃机器发达长上之秋，树干分枝布叶之时也。自尔之后，资本家之作厂商场，愈大愈远；银行周国土，铁道贯大地，商舶横五洲，电线裹大地，其用工人至为亿为兆而不止，如小国焉。其富主如国君，其百执事如士大夫，其作工如小民，不止贫富之不均，远若天渊，更虑昔者争土地、论贵贱之号为国者，改而争作厂、商场，以论贫富为国焉。则旧国土之争方息，而新国土之争又出也，此其贻祸于人群，岂可计哉！

The author talks about the conflict between those that work and those that hold a capital. With more and more machines taking over jobs, those that hold power over their production (capitalists) will abuse their privileges to enrich themselves. In turn workers will only lose.
With development of the machines the gap between poor and rich will only grow. It will cause extreme mechanization in the society and cause workers life to become nothing more but a commodities. It will cause the enterprises to morph into small kingdoms/states with capitalists as princes and rulers. It will stop war of the past but lead to others.

==Ada Dan==

夫人事之争，不平则鸣，乃势之自然也，故近年工人联党之争，挟制业主，腾跃于欧美，今不过萌蘖耳。又工党之结联，后此必愈甚，恐或酿铁血之祸，其争不在强弱之国，而在贫富之群矣。从此百年，全地注目者必在于此。故近者人群之说益昌，均产之说益盛，乃为后此第一大论题也。然有家之私未去，私产之义犹行，欲平此非常之大争而救之，殆无由也。

若夫商业之途，竞争尤烈。高才并出，骋用心计，穿金刻石，巧诈并生，由争剥之故，故造作伪货以误害人，若药食、舟车，其害尤烈者矣。即不作伪，而以劣楛之货妄索高资，欺人自得，信实全无，廉耻暗丧。及其同业之争，互相倾轧，甲盛则乙妒之，丙弱则丁快之；当其争利，跃先恐后，虽有至亲，不相顾恤，或设阱陷，机诈百生，中于心术，尽其力之所至而已，无馀让以待人矣。资性之日坏，天机之日丧，积久成俗，以此而欲至性善之世，岂可得哉！

The author states that the conflict and competition are going to increase with the development of technology - especially the conflict between labor unions and business owners or, in other words, between the poor and the rich. The text also talks about the concept of wealth redistribution , pointing private property rights as a challenging factor to overcome in this dispute. There is also mention of the unfair business tactics which include deception and manipulation of consumers, producing counterfeit goods that cause harm, and cunning to demand the prices to get higher and higher. The author is grieving over the loss of ethical values in society where people get rid of compassion just to get rich.💸

==Edyta Skorupa==

近自天演之说鸣，竞争之义视为至理，故国与国陈兵相视，以吞灭为固然；人与人机诈相陷，以欺凌为得计。百事万业，皆祖竞争，以才智由竞争而后进，器艺由竞争而后精，以为优胜劣败，乃天则之自然。而生计商业之中，尤以竞争为大义。此一端之说耳，岂徒坏人心术，又复倾人身家，岂知裁成天道，辅相天宜者哉！

夫强弱无常，智愚无极，两商相斗，必有败者。一败涂地，资本尽倾，富者化而为贫，则全家号啕而无赖。生计既失，忧患并生，身无养而疾病丛起，家无养而死亡相从，吾见亦伙矣。即有贫人以商骤富，而以一人什佰千万于众，不均已甚。夫富相什则下之，富相百则事之，富相干则奴之，在富者则骄，在贫者则谄，骄极则颐指气使，谄极则舐痔吮痈，盖无所不至矣。故骄与谄，非所以养人性而成人格也，然而循竞争之道，有贫富之界，则必致是矣。

The theory of competition, stemming from natural evolution, is widely regarded as the ultimate principle, influencing nations and individuals alike. It leads to confrontations between nations and encourages deceit and manipulation on an individual level. While competition is seen as a righteous pursuit in life and business, its impact can distort moral principles, posing threats to personal and familial well-being and fostering extreme behaviors such as arrogance and sycophancy among poor.

==Ewa Kopania==

近世论者，恶统一之静而贵竞争之嚣，以为竞争则进，不争则退，此诚宜于乱世之说，而最妨害于大同太平之道者也。夫以巧诈倾轧之坏心术相此，倾败之致忧患、困乏、疾病、死亡如此，骄谄之坏人品格如此，其祸至剧矣，其欲致人人于安乐，亦相反矣。然则主竞争之说者，知天而不知人，补救无术，其愚亦甚矣，嗟乎，此真乱世之义哉！虽然，不去人道有家之私及私产之业，欲弭竞争，何可得也，故不得不以竞争为良术也。

夫以有家之私及私产之业，则必独人自为营业，此实乱世之无可如何者也。今以独人之营业与公同之营业比较之。

以农业言，独人之营业，则有耕多者，有耕少者，其耕率不均，其劳作不均，外之售货好恶无常，人之销率多少难定，则耕者亦无从定其自耕之地及种植之宜，于是有馀粟滞销者矣。木材果实，畜牧渔鱼，销售与否，多寡孰宜，无从周知，无从预算，于是少则见乏而失时，多则暴殄天物而劳于无用。合大地之农人数万万，将来则有十百倍于此数者，一人之乏而失时，一人之殄物而枉劳，积之十百万万人，则有十百万万之殄物、失时、枉劳者矣。有十百万万人之殄物、失时、枉劳，则百事失其用、万品失其珍，以大地统计学算之，其所失败，岂恒河沙无量数而已哉！然则不本于大同而循有家私产之害，但中于农者为不可言也。

==Gabriela Krukowska==

以商业言之，商人各自经营，各自开店用伙，无能统一，于一地之人口，所需什器，不能得其统算之实。即能统算，而各店竞利，不能不预储广蓄以待人之取求，所储蓄者，人未必求，人所求者未必储蓄，不独甲店有馀而乙店不足，抑且人人皆在有馀不足之中。夫有馀于此，则必不足于彼，于是同一物也，不足则昂涌，有馀则贱退，虽有狡智亿中致富之人，而因此败家失业者多矣。夫既有赢亏，则人产难均，而一切人格治法即不能平；败家失业，则全家之忧患疾病中之，甚且死亡继之而人不能乐。即在百物有馀，壅积久，必腐败，商人好利。必不轻弃，饰欺作伪，仍售于人，虽有律限，不能尽察。以腐败之食物药物与人，则可致疾病而卫生有碍，以腐败之机器与人，则其误害之大尤不可言矣。即自食物、药物、机器外一切用器之腐败者，误人误事，作伪生欺，岂可令其存于天壤而为太平之蠹哉！且政府即能查察，馀货不售，则必弃之，是为暴殄天物。

Concerns in business practices are highlighted, emphasizing issues such as individual competition, potential compromise of product quality, and the challenges of legal regulation. It discusses the consequences of market competition, including the risk of deceptive practices and the difficulty of enforcing laws. The author also addresses the imbalance in inventory management and the societal responsibility of businesses. The role of government regulation is underscored, with a call for stronger legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms to ensure ethical and transparent business conduct.

==Julia Dereżyńska==

以一店之馀物已不可言，若合大地之商店馀货而统算之，其为恒河沙无量数，殆不知加几零位而不能尽也。当太平之世，大地全通，生人繁殖，需用物品益为浩繁。夫以生人之数无量而大地之产有涯，今以一人之用品计之，如一日需食粉质几何，肉质几何，糖质几何，销料几何，需衣布帛几何，绒料几何，皮料几何，需用木料、竹料几何，金料、石料几何，羽毛料、草料、骨料几何，丹青料几何，药料几何，机器几何，万品千汇为人所需者，出之于地，作之于人，皆有定数，而徒供无量之腐败弃掷，非徒大地不给，亦治大地统计学为国人谋利益者所大失策也，愚谬甚矣！孔子为大同之策曰：「货恶其弃于地也，不必其藏于己。」夫既亲其亲、子其子而有私产，则虽欲不藏于己不可得也；既藏于己，则虽欲不弃于地不可得也。夫以全地商店久积有馀之货皆当弃地者，而一一移而为有用，以供生人之需，其所以为同胞厚生者增几倍哉！以此为恤贫，复何恤贫之有？故不本于大同而欲治商业者，不可得也。

If we add up all the goods all over the world, the amount would be inalculable. When there is peace and the people are multiplying, the amount of needed items is grand. The number of people is infinite, but what Earth can produce is finite. We have to calculate how many things are needed for one person to survive one day. All the accumulated goods should be abandoned by their owners and redistributed to the people that need them. It is impossible to manage commerce if the system is not based on The Great Unity.

==Karol Perka==

以工业言之，又工人各自为谋。各地工人多少不同，多则价贱，少则价昂，资本家既苦之。而工人同一操业，而价贱者无以足用；若其求工不得者，不能谋生，饥寒交迫则为盗贼，其害益甚矣。即大作厂机场之各自为谋，亦不能统算者也；不能统算矣，则各自制物，则必至甲物多而有馀、乙物少而不足，或应更新而仍守旧，或已见弃而仍力作。其有馀而见弃者则价必贱，不足而更新者价必昂，既有贵贱，则贫富必不均而人格必不平，无由致太平之治。且其有馀见弃者，必作伪欺人，坏其心术，若机器药物之有诈伪，有腐败，贻害无算。夫凡百什器，皆岂有腐败而欺人哉！若不欺人而不售，则必弃之。夫以全地之工人统算，其作器之见弃，其为恒河沙无量数，不知加几零位矣。夫工人之作器，费日力无算，弊精神无算，费备用之百器无算，无量数之工人之需衣食器用者无算；若以之作器，器必有用，必不虚作，其益于全地同胞岂有涯量！而今以无量之工人之作器而弃之，是弃无量数之人，弃无量数之日力，弃无量数之精神及其它一切无量数之衣食宫室器用也，又岂止暴殄天物而已哉！为大地统计学者，为人民谋公益者，虽日谋之计之而无以为策也，惟有失谬无算而已，无术救之矣，不去人之私工故也。

This fragment discusses the issue of industrial workers seeking their own gain and the consequences of this. It speaks of the challenges faced by workers with lower wagers and potential consequences in society such as poverty. Workers' independent production of goods results in surpluses and sortages. The author argues that this problem cannot be solved only through calculations or policy-making and suggest that individual self-interest is a contrubuting factor.

==Karolina Englert==

今欲致大同，必去人之私产而后可；凡农工商之业，必归之公。举天下之田地皆为公有，人无得私有而私买卖之。政府立农部而总天下之农田，各度界小政府皆立农曹而分掌之。数十里皆立农局，数里立农分局，皆置吏以司之。其学校之学农学者，皆学于农局之中；学之考验有成，则农局吏授之田而与之耕，其耕田之多寡，与时新之机器相推迁。其百谷、草木、牧畜、渔鱼皆然，其职业与学堂之堂生相等，不足则兼职，取之兼业之人，其有馀则酌职业而增之以求致精。人愈多则农业愈增，辟地愈多，讲求愈精。各小政府以时聚农官议而损益之，岁时以其度界内所出之材产告之公政府之农部，移告之工商部。商部以全国人民所需之食品用品统计若干，与其意外水旱天灾弥补若干，凡百谷、果木、牧畜、渔产之用物，何地宜于何品，何地不宜于何品，若山陵、原隰、川海、沙漠，腴瘠、燥湿出产几何，皆据各分政府之农曹所报之地质出产，以累年之比较而定其农额，统计而预算之，定应用若干；因各度界之地宜应种植、牧畜、渔产若干，令各度界如其定额而行之，移之农部。农部核定，下之各度界小政府之农曹，令各小度界如额种植、牧畜、渔产，如中国江南之宜稻，河北之宜麦，江、浙之宜桑，四川之宜药，广东之宜花果，北口外之宜牧畜，沿海之宜渔盐，山西之宜盐煤，暹罗、安南、缅甸之宜米，印度之宜五谷，南洋各岛之宜蔗、加非、胡椒是也。

This text proposes an ideal society by advocating for the elimination of private property and the adoption of communal ownership in agriculture, industry, and commerce. It suggests making global land public, prohibiting private transactions. The government would establish a nationwide agriculture department, and local governments would have agricultural offices managing specific areas. Students studying agriculture would learn in these offices and, upon graduation, receive allocated land for cultivation with modern machinery. Communal ownership principles also apply to various agricultural products. The government, through a commerce department, would distribute essential goods based on statistical analysis and geological reports from local agricultural offices. Quotas for agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries would be set by the agriculture department and implemented by local governments.

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==

大凡热带，雨水最多，草木最繁盛，则生棉花、蓝靛、糖、苏木、棕榈、椰、蕉、黑白檀及诸香料。温带繁植稍次之，而食物、用物乃最多，若枫、榆、榉、柳、松、柏、桂、樟、杉、桦、桑、麻、藷、蔗、榛、桃、米、麦之类是也。寒带植物少，西伯利亚宜松及麦，长白、高丽宜参。若波斯气候温湿，产米、蔗、烟、罂粟、桃、李、梨、杏、梅、枣。阿富汗、爱乌罕暖地产棉、米，冷地产麦、蔗、瓜、葡萄。阿拉伯产枣及加非，土耳其产小麦、葡萄、橙、榄、松、柏。盖花卉香料，亚洲为盛矣。法国地宜农，产麦、玉蜀黍、桑、烟、葡萄、榄、林檎；英以棉、麦甲各国；西班牙产蔗、栗、榄、橙、桑、蓝、葡萄、棉、米；葡萄牙之葡萄酒，为绝美之专产。若橙、柠檬、小麦、玉蜀黍、马铃薯，意大利略同，而棉、茶、桑为大。希腊产米、棉、烟，瑞士产裸麦、洋薯，而又富于坚材。日耳曼多种葡萄，又与澳大利、匈牙利产小麦、裸麦、谷、麻、烟；瑞典萝卜最美。俄罗斯、荷兰、丹麦多产各种麦，而荷有烟、麻，俄富于材木焉。比利时产忽布。大率欧洲北部有松、柏、榛、榆及矮小之杨柳也。非洲热带，有数十年之木棉、大椰树、枣树，内地则加非、胡桃，北岸则榄、桃。埃及产五谷、蓝、棉、蔗。美洲产玉蜀黍、小麦、棉、蔗、米、烟、马铃薯及诸果，秘鲁同之，而鸡那最多。

==Malwina Filipowicz==

墨西哥产苏木、玉蜀黍、烟、麻、加非，而米尤盛。西印度诸岛尤饶兼热带诸产物，扣勃岛产糖冠天下，墨西哥加非尤盛，而烟、橙、凤梨有名矣。科仑比亚以椰为著，可制帽；其蓝、棉、加非、烟、蔗，又若树胶、苏术、则南美洲所独矣。智利、阿根廷产大小麦、葡萄、蔗；夏哇尼岛产面包；澳大利亚洲产竹椽、葡萄、小麦、玉蜀黍、棉、蔗、烟、米及诸果；此其大略也。凡五洲土产，各有所宜，分其地质之宜而种植、牧畜、渔取之。各小政府农曹及各农局公商界内种植、牧畜、渔取、称额之法，统计而决算之，分之各地农场。应用农人若干，应备化料若干，应备农具机器若干，应开垦若干，应分别种百谷、果、菜、树木，畜鸡、鸭、鹅与鱼、牛、马、羊、豕若干，厂场若干，各分其职而专为之极其琐细。分业愈多，则愈专而愈精，地无遗利，人无重业。及其种植、牧畜、渔产之收成，小政府商曹统计其度界内应留用之物品若干，预告之商部，而截留其若干。其馀种植、牧畜、渔产各品，为亿为兆，归之公政府商部；商部乃合收全球之农产而均输于各地，以所有易所无，以有馀补不足。其预备水旱、虫蝗、天灾、地变之不时者，曰预备额，略留多数以弥补各度界之凶荒灾患不时者。若无灾而有馀，则留以待下年之用；而下年之统计预算，即扣留之以宽地力。其农具、机器、化料皆购之于各地商店，其农人应给工价，随时议之。

The text is about the Mexican market, talking about its production and exportation of several products. Some of them include: the production of wood, wheat, tobacco, and fruits like oranges, pineapples and bananas. The text also mentions the production of several industrial items, which are exported to various countries. Mexico's exports are important for the global market. The country is also well-known for producing sugar and cotton. The text gives an overall summary of the Mexican market, its production and exportation of various products, and the production of industrial items too.

==Natalia Gloc==

每度界为一自治政府，立一农曹，其下数十里为一农局，其下数里为农场。其为稻、麦、黍、百谷、花果、草木、渔产、牧畜、各置分司，皆有主、伯、亚、旅、府、史、胥、徒以司之。主者总办也，伯者分司之提调也，亚者副之助之者也，旅者群执事也，府者收藏者也，史者统计及记事者也。其农场者，农田种植之所也；里数不定者，机器愈精，道路愈辟，人之智力愈强，则农场愈广也。每度农曹皆有地质调查局，将其本度内之山陵、原隰、坟衍、川海、人居为小模形，别其肥瘠及泥沙、水石之差，风雨、霜露之度，以色别而详识之。其地产之所宜及化料之所合，皆记而备之累年之报告调查，存考而求其进化。及其变更，皆有农学士多人岁时专考，而以报发明布告之，又皆有农学会以讲求之。其农学校有考验所，水产、牧畜、矿产皆然，择其最良之种而支配之，其恶种去之。凡农夫，皆得有农学考验证书而后用之；其未得证书而年逾二十者，亦得用为农夫，但不得为长及农学士矣；但其后有阅历日深，得有新义，亦许给证明书而迁为长伯、学士焉。其农曹立长，其下有副长，有参赞，有学士佐之，其下有史、府二官，胥、徒分任之，府、史皆有长、贰、掾属、胥、徒焉，其官数各视其地。其分曹之属，若百谷、花果、牧畜、渔产、矿产，各视其地之有无多寡以设司，无则缺之；全度界皆一物也，则农曹长自领之而不设司。

==Paweł Andraszak==

每一物品皆有调查讲习所，有学士多人聚而讲之，以报岁时发明布告之。其矿产、水产、山林，则有工师、技师司之，即学士也。凡分曹，其长、贰、参、佐，必由学士、工、技师出身，乃许任职，亦有府、史二官及胥、徒焉。其各农局，则分监督各农场者也，设于各农场适中之地，有长、副长、参赞以领之。其属有府、史二官以分领收藏、记事二职，有胥、徒焉以奔走其事。其百谷、花果、草木、渔产、牧畜、矿山皆有分曹，有主、伯、亚、旅以任之，并有学士、工师，设地质调查讲习所考求之，有报，以岁时发明布告之，与各度农曹同。其农场，若百谷、花果、树木、牧畜、渔产、矿产，划其地宜，数里以为之区。其各度人口之多寡，即以农场配分之，各有主、伯、亚、旅、府、史、胥、徒、学士、工、技师以任其事。主者总管全场之事；伯者分任农具、机器、用料、养料、化料、用人之事及各小区之监工也，并有亚以助之；旅者奔走管工者也；府则凡百谷、花果、树木、畜牧、水产、矿产之所入，司其收纳及支出以待农曹长之命，或截留之所耕之地，或交之近耕地之商店，或纳之农局、农曹之仓，皆听农曹府、史之统计而指拨之；史则凡本场种植、牧畜、渔、矿之事，日记而月省、岁计之，而上之于农局，以听指拨之命令；胥则奔走之人；徒则耕作渔牧之人也。其耕耘、收获、牧养、渔取，皆有部勒程度，其每日作工皆有时限。世愈平乐，机器愈精，则作工之时刻愈少，然作工之时，坐作进退，几如军令矣。

There are some geological research offices in which some new inventions will be discussed. Each agricultural school has a research bureau which is responsible for supervising each farm. It is led by a chief and his deputy. Research bureau is meant to study problems of each and every kind of product. As the equipment is more and more refined, the working hours could be shortened.

==Zyta Rydz==

自农夫、渔、牧、矿工，各视其材之高下，阅历之浅深，以为工价之厚薄，略分十级。其尤者则拔迁农曹各司，但其长、贰，则必以学士、工师出身为之，可递迁为公政府各洲分政府农部官。其农夫、渔人、牧夫、矿工、林工至下级者，其俸令足为其衣食之资，自此等而上之可也。其支俸以先安息日给之，俾其游乐。其农场皆有室居，不住而别住客舍者听之；其场所皆有公园囿、公图书馆、戏院、音乐院以备游息，有公饭厅、公商店以备食宿，但规模稍粗而小耳。其演戏鼓乐，则诸农自为之。凡能任农事者，学校卒业之后，不论男女，皆许为农；其男女有交好者，许在公室同居焉。其公室，人占二室，一为卧室，一为客室，并有浴房；十人则为大公厅，皆高广疏达，花草楚楚，楼阁绵丽，过于今富室矣。其食，听人之所好而扣其费。又有公共讲堂，有讲师，每安息日，则讲古今道德品行贤豪之事及农业之事，以养其德性学识。其公室则公置之，不取值。其衣食之事，则由工金支之，出自费焉，听其自由，而工钱常留十分之一存于公中，为储金焉，以备其不愿作工而欲结友远游、购书之需。其稍远，则有公旅舍以备游行食宿，则收费矣；其去市近者，皆听其游。其告假不作工者听之，按日扣其工价；其太惰不作工及告假太多者逐之；凡累经逐者，削其名誉焉。其主、伯、府、史，职业虽优，而居室仍同，以示平等，但工金不同耳。其府司仓库者，不必纳押金，以是时人心无盗诈而商卖皆出于公也，但选阅历深、老成谨重者任之。

The Future of New China

2023-12-13T22:26:41Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==The Future of New China by Liang Qichao==

Original Text: https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E8%A8%98

Title:新中國未來記 The Future of New China

Author: 梁啟超 Liang Qichao

Presentation: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1BDlb2vxOLR2i2PX4OVgJvmhcpjICACUDDCuBeTclqV0/edit?usp=sharing

=Homework! :3=
I chose to start from the beginning so we can understand the context of the book better!

==Aleksandra Urbańska==
一、余欲著此書，五年於茲矣，顧卒不能成一字。況年來身兼數役，日無寸暇，更安能以餘力及此？顧確信此類之書，於中國前途，大有稗助，夙夜志此不衰。既念欲俟全書卒業，始公諸世，恐更閱數年，殺青無日，不如限以報章，用自鞭策，得寸得尺，聊勝於無。《新小說》之出，其發願專為此編也。

一、茲編之作，專欲發表區區政見，以就正於愛國達識之君子。編中寓言，頗費覃思，不敢草草。但此不過臆見所偶及，一人之私言耳，非信其必可行也。國家人群，皆為有機體之物，其現象日日變化，雖有管葛，亦不能以今年料明年之事，況於數十年後乎！況末學寡識如余者乎！但提出種種問題一研究之，廣徵海內達人意見，未始無小補，區區之意，實在於是。讀者諸君如鑒微誠，望必毋吝教言，常惠駁義，則鄙人此書，不為虛作焉耳。

==Anna Proskura==
一、人之見地，隨學而進，因時而移，即如鄙人自審十年來之宗旨議論，已不知變化流轉凡許次矣。此編月出一冊，冊僅數回，非亙數年不能卒業，則前後意見矛盾者，寧知多少，況以寡才而好事之身，非能屏除百務，潛心治此。計每月為此書屬稿者，不過兩三日，雖復殫慮，豈能完善。故結構之必凌亂，發言之常矛盾，自知其決不能免也。故名之曰稿本，此後隨時訂改，兼得名流駁正，或冀體段稍完，再寫定本耳。

一、此編今初成兩三回，一覆讀之，似說部非說部，似稗史非稗史，似論著非論著，不知成何種文體，自顧良自失笑。雖然，既欲發表政見，商榷國計，則其體自不能不與尋常說部稍殊。編中往往多載法律、章程、演說、論文等，連編累牘，毫無趣味，知無以饜讀者之望矣，願以報中他種之有滋味者償之：其有不喜政談者乎，則以茲覆瓿焉可也。

I. The author could not decide on the topic of discussion in his book because people's views change as they learn new information over time. It is also not known exactly when the book will be finished. The structure of the writing in the draft will inevitably be messy and the contradictory, so this version of the future book that the author is now writing is called the manuscript version.

II. At the beginning of the year, the author wrote 2-3 chapters of the book, but he never realised what genre he was writing the book in. The author thinks that usually this kind of book is boring as it contains a lot of laws, statutes, speeches and articles. By realising that discussing politics is not to everyone's liking he accepts that perhaps his book will not appeal to everyone.

==Asia Zawada==
一、編中於現在時流，絕不關涉，誠以他日救此一方民者，必當賴將來無名之英雄也。樓閣華嚴，毫無染者，讀者幸勿比例揣測，謂此事為某人寫照，此名為某人化身，致生種種黨同伐異意見。

一、此編於廣東特詳者，非有所私於廣東也。今日中國方合群共保之不足，而豈容復有某鄉某邑之見存。顧爾爾者，吾本粵人，知粵事較悉，言其條理，可以訛謬較少，故凡語及地方自治等事，悉偏趨此點。因此之故，故書中人物亦不免多派以粵籍，相因之勢使然也。不然，寧不知吾粵之無人哉？讀者幸諒此意，毋哂其為夜郎。

The author states that he does not take responsibility for the current state of the country. He believes that the person who saves the party will be nameless in the future. For now the splendor of the pavilion in Huayan is untainted by problems, and the readers should not speculate of whether or not the characters and events are similar to real life events.

The author talks about his Cantonese heritage and Guangdong. Because of his heritage he knows how things work in Guangdong. He talks about how all the characters in the book are because of this assigned to being Cantonese and he wants to write about the people and system that he knows best.

==Ada Dan==

話表孔子降生後二千五百一十三年。（今年二千四百五十三年）即西曆二千零六十二年（今年二千零二年），歲次壬寅，正月初一日，正係我中國全國人民舉行維新五十年大祝典之日。其時正值萬國太平會議新成，各國全權大臣在南京，（注意。）經已將太平條約畫押。因尚有萬國協盟專件，由我國政府及各國代表人提出者凡數十樁，皆未議妥，因此各全權尚駐節中國。恰好遇著我國舉行祝典，諸友邦皆特派兵艦來慶賀，英國皇帝、皇后，日本皇帝、皇后，俄國大統領及夫人，（注意。）菲律賓大統領及夫人，（注意。）匈加利大統領及夫人，（注意。）皆親臨致祝。其餘列強，皆有頭等欽差代一國表賀意，都齊集南京，好不匆忙，好不熱鬧。

In 2002, 2513 years after Confucius had been born, in Nanjing there is a grand celebration. They celebrate 50th anniversary of reforms in China. Many ministers from different countries are present to take part in it - the group includes emissaries from the UK, Japan, Russia, the Philippines, and Hungary. They signed a Treaty of Peace, however, there are still several matters pending in the League of Nations yet to be discussed. 🗣💬

==Edyta Skorupa==
。那時我國民決議在上海地方開設大博覽會，這博覽會卻不同尋常，不特陳設商務、工藝諸物品而已，乃至各種學問、宗教皆以此時開聯合大會（是謂大同）。各國專門名家、大博士來集者，不下數千人。各國大學學生來集者，不下數萬人。處處有演說壇，日日開講論會，竟把偌大一個上海，連江北，連吳淞口，連崇明縣，都變作博覽會場了。（闊哉闊哉）這也不能盡表。單表內中一個團體，卻是我國京師大學校文學科內之史學部。因欲將我中國歷史的特質發表出來，一則激厲本國人民的愛國心，一則令外國人都知道我黃帝子孫變遷發達之跡，因此在博覽會場中央占了一個大大講座，公舉博士三十餘人分類講演。

==Ewa Kopania==
也有講中國政治史的，也有講中國哲學史、宗教史、生計史、財政史、風俗史、文學史的，亦不能盡表。單表內中一科，卻是現任全國教育會會長文學大博士孔老先生所講。這位孔老先生名弘道，字覺民，山東曲阜縣人，乃孔夫子旁支裔孫，學者稱為曲阜先生，今年已經七十六歲。（先生今年十六歲了）從小自備資斧，遊學日本、美、英、德、法諸國。當維新時代，曾與民間各志土奔走國事，下獄兩次。（先天下之憂而憂）新政府立，任國憲局起草委員，轉學部次官，後以病辭職，專盡力於民間教育事業，因此公舉為教育會長。

==Gabriela Krukowska==
言歸正傳。卻說這位老博士，今回所講的甚麼史呢？非是他書，乃係我們所最喜歡聽的，叫做《中國近六十年史》。就從光緒二十八年壬寅講起，講到今年壬寅，可不是剛足六十年嗎？（原來如此。）這六十年中，算是中國存亡絕續的大關頭，龍拿虎擲的大活劇，其中可驚、可惱、可悲、可喜之事，不知多少。就是官局私家各著述，零零碎碎，也講得不少，卻未曾有一部真正詳細圓滿的好書出來。這位孔老先生，學問文章，既已冠絕一時。（確是冠絕一時）況且又事事皆曾親歷，（恐怕將來要親歷罷了），講來一定越發親切有味，不消說了。

Let us get back to the main point. The history that this old doctor is discussing this time, what is it? It's not his book, but rather something we love to hear, called 'A History of China in the Past Sixty Years.' Starting from the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu (1892), he talks about it until this year. Isn't it just about sixty years? (I see.) These sixty years, can be considered a crucial period of life and death for China, a grand drama of dragons and tigers. There are countless astonishing, annoying, sad, and joyful events. Even though various officials and private individuals have written scattered accounts, there has not yet been a truly detailed and comprehensive book. This Confucian scholar, with his knowledge and writing, has already surpassed all other scholars and writers of his time. (Indeed, he is the best of all time.) Moreover, he has personally experienced everything (probably will continue to in the future). His narration is bound to be more intimate and flavorful, needless to say.

==Julia Dereżyńska==
那時京師大學校及全國教育會出名登告白，講博士在博覽場內史學會講壇開講，擇定每來復一、來復三、來復五日下午一點鐘至四點鐘為講期。二月初一日，正是第一次講演，那日聽眾男男女女買定入場券來聽者，足有二萬人。內中卻有一千多係外國人，英、美、德、法、俄、日、菲律賓、印度各國人都有。看官，這位孔老先生在中國講中國史，一定係用中國話了，外國人如何會聽呢？

At that time the University of Beijing and National Education Association advertised that a Doctor would give lectures at the World Expo. The first one was held on the first of February, and 20 000 people bought tickets to listen to it. Among them were more than 1000 foreigners, including people from Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Russia, Japan, the Philippines, and India. But since Dr. Kong gave the lecture in Chinese, how could they listen?

==Karol Perka==
原來自我國維新以後，各種學術進步甚速，歐美各國皆紛紛派學生來遊學，據舊年統計表，全國學校共有外國學生三萬餘名，卒業歸去者已經一千二百餘名，這些人自然都懂得中國話了，因聞得我國第一碩儒演說，如何不來敬聽？閑話休題。卻說自從那日起，孔老先生登壇開講，便有史學會幹事員派定速記生從旁執筆，將這《中國近六十年史講義》從頭至尾錄出，一字不遺。一面速記，一面逐字打電報交與橫濱新小說報社登刊。（這筆電費卻不小）諸君欲知孔老先生所講如何，請看下回分解。
After the reforms there was a rapid academic progress, many students from Europe and America came to study there. Also Mr. Kong, a Confucian scholar, started giving lectures. These lectures were recorded and sent out via telegram to a newspaper for publication.

==Karolina Englert==
且說二月初一日午後十二點半鐘，聽眾都已齊集講堂，史學會幹事長、大學校史學科助教林君志衡先登講壇第二級左側，向眾人鞠躬演述開會之意，並謝孔博士以如此高年，不辭勞苦，為國民演說國事，實可為今次祝典一大紀念等語。演述已畢，眾人肅穆毋嘩，一齊恭候。（我卻候了六十年）正交一點鐘，只見曲阜先生身穿國家製定的大禮服，胸前懸掛國民所賜的勳章，與調查憲法時各國所贈勳章，及教育會所呈勳章等，道貌堂堂，溫容可掬，徐步登壇。滿座聽眾一齊起立致敬，拍掌歡迎之聲，忽如山崩濤湧。聽眾坐下，滿堂肅靜。

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
曲阜先生乃以滿面熱誠之容，先開口道：「諸君啊，諸君，今日皆以愛國誠心參預斯會，非是鄙人無端生感，其實六十年前那裏想還有今日，又那裏敢望還有今日？（今日何日？）我們今日得擁這般的國勢，享這般的光榮，有三件事是必要致謝的。第一件是外國侵凌壓迫已甚，喚起人民的愛國心。第二件是民間志士為國忘身，百折不回，卒成大業。第三件是前皇英明，能審時勢，排群議，讓權與民。這三件事便算是我這部六十年史的前提了。三件裏頭，那第二件卻是全書主腦。

==Natalia Gloc==
。諸君啊，須知一國所以成立，皆由民德、民智、民氣三者具備，但民智還容易開發，民氣還容易鼓勵，獨有民德一樁，最難養成。倘若無民德，則智氣兩者亦無從發達完滿，就使有智，亦不過藉寇兵、齎盜糧；就使有氣，亦不過一團客氣，稍遇挫折便都消滅了。你看六十年前，我國衰弱到恁般田地，豈不都是吃了無道德的虧麼？

==Paweł Andraszak==
那時不但那舊黨貪汙鄙賤，行同禽獸，就那號稱民間志士的，也是滿肚皮私欲充塞，（志士聽者。）變幻狡詐，（志士聽者。）輕佻浮躁，（志士聽者。）猜疑忌刻，（志士聽者。）散慢亂雜，（志士聽者。）軟弱畏怯，（志士聽者。）他那心術行為，正是同舊黨一鼻孔出氣，或者反比舊黨還不如哩。（志士聽者。）倘使後來的志士都和那己亥、壬寅間的志士一個樣兒，我們的中國早已亡了。（志士聽者聽者。）這話非是鄙人饒舌，其實我新中國之存亡絕續，皆在此一點，若除了這點，我這部六十年史亦無處講起了。

This paragraph states that the members of the old political fraction were corrupted, but those who were known as the people with high ideals were not much better. They were changeable, impulsive, disorganized and jealous. The author mentions that the bright future of New China depends on the qualities of the patriots.

==Zyta Rydz==
閑話休題。卻說這部六十年史講義，共分為六個時代：

第一、預備時代：從聯軍破北京時起，至廣東自治時止。

第二、分治時代：從南方各省自治時起，至全國國會開設時止。

第三、統一時代：從第一次大統領羅在田君（批者曰：「此君為誰歟？」著者曰：「讀《北魏孝文紀》便知得姓淵源。」）就任時起，至第二次大統領黃克強君滿任時止。

第四、殖產時代：從第三次黃克強君復任統領時起，至第五次大統領陳法堯君滿任時止。

第五、外競時代：從中俄戰爭時起，至亞洲各國同盟會成立時止。

第六、雄飛時代：從匈加利會議後以迄今日。

This sixty years old of history can be divided into 6 parts:

1. preparation period, since arriving of the allied forces till Guangdong’s autonomy

2. government separation period, since the autonomy of the country’s south till the opening of the national Parliament

3. period of unification, since the first great leader Luo Zaitian, till the second end of leader Huang Keqiang’s power

4. growth period, since the third leader Huang Keqiang, till the fifth leader Chen Fayao

5. competitiveness period, since the russian-chinese war, till the founding of the Asian National Alliance.

6. the flight period, since the first hungarian congress till today

Dou E

2023-12-13T22:10:34Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

Back to course homepage: [[Critical_Review_of_Chinese_Literature#Session_3:_Yuan_Zaju]]

=Full text of the Yuan Zaju in traditional characters=
Title: 竇娥冤

Author: Hanqing Guan

Language: Chinese

Title: 竇娥冤 (The Injustice to Dou E)
Author: 关汉卿 (Guan Hanqing)

=楔子=

==Malwina Filipowicz==
〔卜儿蔡婆上，詩云〕

花有重開日，人無再少年。不須長富貴，安樂是神仙。老身蔡婆婆是也，楚州人氏，嫡親三口儿家屬。不幸夫主亡逝已過，止有一個孩儿，年長八歲，俺娘儿兩個，過其日月，家中頗有些錢財。這里一個竇秀才，從去年問我借了二十兩銀子，
如今本利該銀四十兩。我數次索取，那秀才只說貧難，沒得還我。他有一個女儿，
今年七歲，生得可喜，長得可愛，我有心看上他，与我家做個媳婦，就准了這四
十兩銀子，豈不兩得其便。他說今日好日辰，親送女儿到我家來，老身且不索錢
去，專在家中等候，這早晚竇秀才敢待來也。

〔沖末扮竇天章引正旦扮端云上，詩云〕

讀盡縹緗万卷書，可怜貧殺馬相如，漢庭一日承恩召，不說當壚說子虛。小生姓
竇名天章，祖貫長安京兆人也。幼習儒業，飽有文章；爭奈時運不通，功名未遂。
不幸渾家亡化已過，撇下這個女孩儿，小字端云，從三歲上亡了他母親，如今孩
儿七歲了也。小生一貧如洗，流落在這楚州居住。此間一個蔡婆婆，他家廣有錢
財，小生因無盤纏，曾借了他二十兩銀子，到今本利該對還他四十兩。他數次問
小生索取，教我把甚么還他，誰想蔡婆婆常常著人來說，要小生女孩儿做他儿媳
婦。況如今春榜動，選場開，正待上朝取應，又苦盤纏缺少。小生出于無奈，只
得將女孩儿端云送于蔡婆婆做儿媳婦去。

The paragraph starts from a perspective of an old woman named Cai who is a widow with a 8 year old daugther. A scholar named Dou borrowed 20 silver coins from her, but after a year the interest caused the loan to double so he is unable to pay it back. Cai comes up with a proposal, that if Dou's daughter marries her son, he can write off the loan as a dowry. Dou agrees and sends his daughter to meet Cai's son.
The second paragraph pretty much retells the story, but this time from the

==Karolina Englert==
〔做歎科，云〕

嗨！這個那里是做媳婦？分明是賣与他一般。就准了他那先借的四十兩銀子，分
外但得些少東西，勾小生應舉之費，便也過望了。說話之間，早來到他家門首。
婆婆在家么？

〔卜儿上，云〕

秀才請家里坐，老身等候多時也。

〔做相見科，竇天章云〕

小生今日一徑的將女孩儿送來与婆婆，怎敢說做媳婦，只与婆婆早晚使用。小生
目下就要上朝進取功名去，留下女孩儿在此，只望婆婆看覷則個。

〔卜儿云〕

這等，你是我親家了。你本利少我四十兩銀子，兀的是借錢的文書，還了你；再
送你十兩銀子做盤纏。親家，你休嫌輕少。

〔竇天章做謝科，云〕

多謝了婆婆，先少你許多銀子都不要我還了，今又送我盤纏，此恩异日必當重報。
婆婆，女孩儿早晚呆痴，看小生薄面，看覷女孩儿咱。

〔卜儿云〕

親家，這不消你囑付，令愛到我家，就做到親女儿一般看承他，你只管放心的去。

〔竇天章云〕

婆婆，端云孩儿該打呵，看小生面則罵几句；當罵呵，則處分几句。孩儿，你也
不比在我跟前，我是你親爺，將就的你；你如今在這里，早晚若頑劣呵，你只討
那打罵吃。儿（口樂），我也是出于無奈。

〔做悲科〕

〔唱〕

【仙呂·賞花時】我也只為無計營生四壁貧，因此上割舍得親儿在兩處分。從今日遠踐洛陽塵，又不知歸期定准，則落的無語暗消魂。

〔下〕

〔卜儿云〕

竇秀才留下他這女孩儿与我做媳婦儿，他一徑上朝應舉去了。

〔正旦做悲科，云〕

爹爹，你直下的撇了我孩儿去也！

〔卜儿云〕
媳婦儿，你在我家，我是親婆，你是親媳婦，只當自家骨肉一般。你不要啼哭，
跟著老身前后執料去來。

〔同下〕

Dou Tianzhong doesn't return the money. The young daughter (Dou Duanyun) is sold to the Cai’s family as a child bride. He has to give his daughter to Cai’s son to pay his debt and get the money he needed for traveling to take the Imperial Examination. They are talking about the agreement between these two families. Dou Tianzhong leaves the girl with Bu’er Yun as his daughter-in-law.

=第一折=

==Aleksandra Urbańska==

〔淨扮賽盧醫上，詩云〕

行醫有斟酌，下藥依本草；死的醫不活，活的醫死了。自家姓盧，人道我一手好
醫，都叫做賽盧醫。在這山陽縣南門開著生藥局。在城有個蔡婆婆，我問他借了
十兩銀子，本利該還他二十兩，數次來討這銀子，我又無的還他。若不來便罷，
若來呵，我自有個主意。我且在這藥舖中坐下，看有甚么人來？

〔卜儿上，云〕

老身蔡婆婆。我一向搬在山陽縣居住，盡也靜辦。自十三年前竇天章秀才留下端
云孩儿与我做儿媳婦，改了他小名，喚做竇娥。自成親之后，不上二年，不想我
這孩儿害弱證死了。媳婦儿守寡，又早三個年頭，服孝將除了也。我和媳婦儿說
知，我往城外賽盧醫家索錢去也。

〔做行科，云〕

驀過隅頭，轉過屋角，早來到他家門首。賽盧醫在家么？

〔盧醫云〕

婆婆，家里來。

〔卜儿云〕

我這兩個銀子長遠了，你還了我罷。

〔盧醫云〕

婆婆，我家里無銀子，你跟我庄上去取銀子還你。

〔卜儿云〕

我跟你去。

〔做行科〕

〔盧醫云〕

來到此處，東也無人，西也無人，這里不下手，等甚么？我隨身帶的有繩子。
兀那婆婆，誰喚你哩？

〔卜儿云〕

在那里？

〔做勒卜儿科。孛老同副淨張驢儿沖上，賽盧醫慌走下。孛老救卜儿科。張驢儿云〕
爹，是個婆婆，爭些勒殺了。

〔孛老云〕

兀那婆婆，你是那里人氏？姓甚名誰？因甚著這個人將你勒死？

〔卜儿云〕

老身姓蔡，在城人氏，止有個寡媳婦儿，相守過日。因為賽盧醫少我二十兩銀子，
今日与他取討；誰想他賺我到無人去處，要勒死我，賴這銀子。若不是遇著老的
和哥哥呵，那得老身性命來。

〔張驢儿云〕

爹，你听的他說么？他家還有個媳婦哩。救了他性命，他少不得要謝我，不若你
要這婆子，我要他媳婦儿，何等兩便？你和他說去。

〔孛老云〕

兀那婆婆，你無丈夫，我無渾家，你肯与我做個老婆，意下如何？

〔卜儿云〕

是何言語！待我回家多備些錢鈔相謝。

〔張驢儿云〕

你敢是不肯，故意將錢鈔哄我？賽盧醫的繩子還在，我仍舊勒死了你吧。

〔做拿繩科〕

〔卜儿云〕

哥哥，待我慢慢地尋思咱。

〔張驢二云〕

你尋思些甚么？你隨我老子，我便要你媳婦儿。

〔卜儿背云〕

我不依他，他又勒殺我。罷罷罷，你爺儿兩個隨我到家中去來。

〔同下〕

Aleksandra's chapter summary:
Doctor Sailu of Shanyang county borrowed Granny Cai's money but didn't repay her. Later on Granny Cai tells her life story and says that her son married a woman called Dou E (Dou Tianzhang's daughter). Granny Cai's son died after 2 years, and his wife was widowed but stilled lived with her mother-in-law. They didn't have a lot of money so Granny Cai told her daughter-in-law she would ask Dr. Sailu to return the borrowed money. When she met him, he convinced her to go to an empty place in the village for the money, but then tried strangling her. Bo Lao and Zhang Lu'er rushed in, Dr. Sailu escaped and Bo Lao saved the woman. She explained who she is and who almost killed her. Zhang Lu'er hearing about her daughter-in-law says that she should give him her daughter-in-law as a thank you for rescuing her. Bo Lao says that Granny Cai should marry him but Granny denies and says that she will give them money. Zhang Lu'er is offended and says that he will strangle her as well if she does not give him her daughter-in-law. Granny reluctantly agrees after realizing she will be murdered and invites the two to her house.

==Anna Proskura==
〔正旦上，云〕

妾身姓竇，小字端云，祖居楚州人氏。我三歲上亡了母親，七歲上离了父親，俺
父親將我嫁与蔡婆婆為儿媳婦，改名竇娥。至十七歲与夫成親，不幸丈夫亡化，
可早三年光景，我今二十歲也。這南門外有個賽盧醫，他少俺婆婆銀子，本利該
二十兩，數次索取不還，今日俺婆婆親自索取去了。竇娥也，你這命好苦也呵！

〔唱〕

【仙呂·點絳唇】滿腹閒愁，數年禁受，天知否？天若是知我情由，怕不待和天瘦。【混江龍】則問那黃昏白晝，兩般儿忘餐廢寢几時休？大都來昨宵夢里，和著這今日心頭。地久天長難過遣，舊愁新悵几時休？則這業艱苦，雙眉皺，越覺的情怀冗冗，心緒悠悠。

〔云〕

似這等憂愁，不知几時是了也呵！

〔唱〕

【油葫蘆】莫不是八字該載著一世憂，誰似我無盡頭。須知道人心不似水長流。我從三歲母親身亡后，到七歲与父分离久，嫁的個同住人，
他可又拔著短籌；撇的俺婆婦每都把空房守，端的個有誰問，有誰（人秋）？【天下樂】莫不是前世里燒香不到頭，今也波生招禍尤，勸今人早將來世修。我將這婆伺養，我將這服孝守，我言詞須應口。

　〔云〕

婆婆索錢去了，怎生這早晚不見回來？

〔卜儿同孛老張驢儿上〕

〔卜儿云〕

你爺儿兩個且在門首，等我先進去。

〔張驢儿云〕

奶奶，你先進去，就說女婿在門首哩。

〔卜儿見正旦科〕

〔正旦云〕

奶奶回來了，你吃飯么？

〔卜儿做哭科，云〕

孩儿，你教我怎生說波！

〔正旦唱〕

【一半儿】為甚么淚漫漫不住點儿流？莫不是為索債与人家惹爭斗？我這里連忙迎接慌問候，他那里要說緣由。

〔卜儿云〕

羞人答答的，教我怎生說波！

〔正旦唱〕

則見他一半儿徘徊一半儿丑。

〔云〕

婆婆，你為甚么煩惱啼哭那？

〔卜儿云〕

我問賽盧醫討銀子去，他賺我到無人去處，行起凶來，要勒死我。虧了一個張老
并他儿子張驢儿，救得我性命。那張老就要我招他做丈夫，因這等煩惱。

〔正旦云〕

婆婆，這個怕不中么？你再尋思咱：俺家里又不是沒有飯吃，沒有衣穿，又不是
少欠錢債，被人催逼不過；況你年紀高大，六十以外的人，怎生又招丈夫那？

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿也，你說的豈不是？但是我的性命全虧他這爺儿兩個救的，我也曾說道：待
我到家，多將些錢物酬謝你救命之恩。不知他怎生知道我家里有個媳婦儿，道我
婆媳婦又沒老公，他爺儿兩個又沒老婆，正是天緣天對。若不隨順他，依舊要勒
死我。那時節我就慌張了，莫說自己許了他，連你也許了他。儿也，這也是出于
無奈。

Summary: After Dou E's father gave her to Granny Cai at the age of seven, she became the wife of the Granny Cai's son 10 years later. However, Dou E's husband died three years ago.
Dou E thinks about how bitter her fate is and suddenly notices that Granny Cai has not returned for a long time. Granny Cai immediately returns with Zhang Lü'er and his father, but she asks them to wait at the door. While Zhang's father and Zhang Lü'er are waiting, the upset Granny Cai tells Dou E how she went to collect her debt from the physician Sai Lu Yi and he lured her into a deserted place and tried to strangle her. But Sai Lu Yi did not succeed in strangling her as she was rescued by Zhang's father and Zhang Lü'er. In return for saving her, Zhang's father demanded that Granny Cai marry him, which upset her. Dou E tried to talk her mother-in-law out of it. Granny Cai agreed that she really didn't need it, but they threatened to strangle her and when they found out that she also had a daughter-in-law in the house, they demanded that Dou E marry Zhang's son, so the frightened Granny Cai agreed.

==Asia Zawada==
〔正旦云〕

婆婆，你听我說波。

〔唱〕

【后庭花】遇時辰我替你憂，拜家堂我替你愁；梳著個霜雪般白（“髟”下“狄”）髻，怎將這云霞般錦帕兜？怪不的女大不中留。你如今六旬
左右，可不道到中年万事休！舊恩愛一筆勾，新夫妻兩意投，枉教人笑破口。

〔卜儿云〕

我的性命都是他爺儿兩個救的，事到如今，也顧不得別人笑話了。

〔正旦唱〕

【青哥儿】你雖然是得他得他營救，須不是筍條筍條年幼，（戔刀）的便巧畫蛾眉成配偶。想當初你夫主遺留，替你圖謀，置下田疇，早晚
羹粥，寒暑衣裘，滿望你鰥寡孤獨，無捱無靠，母子每到白頭。公公也，則落得干生受。

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿也，他如今只待過門，喜事匆匆的，教我怎生回得他去？

〔正旦唱〕

【寄生草】你道他匆匆喜，我替你倒細細愁：愁則愁興闌刪咽不下交歡酒，愁則愁眼昏騰扭不上同心扣，愁則愁意朦朧睡不穩芙蓉褥。你待
要笙歌引至畫堂前，我道這姻緣敢落在他人后。

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿也，再不要說我了，他爺儿兩個都在門首等候，事以至此，不若連你也招了女婿罷。

〔正旦云〕

婆婆，你要招你自招，我并然不要女婿。

〔卜儿云〕

那個是要女婿的？爭奈他爺儿兩個自家捱過門來，教我如何是好？

〔張驢儿云〕

我們今日招過門去也。帽儿光光，今日做個新郎；袖儿窄窄，今日做個嬌客。好女婿，好女婿，不枉了，不枉了。

〔同孛老入拜科〕

〔正旦做不理科，云〕

兀那廝，靠后！

〔唱〕

【賺煞】我想這婦人每休信那男儿口，婆婆也，怕沒的貞心儿自守，到今日招著個村老子，領著個半死囚。

〔張驢儿做嘴臉科，云〕

你看我爺儿兩個這等身段，盡也選得女婿過。你不要錯過了好時辰，我和你早些儿拜堂罷。

〔正旦不理科，唱〕

則被你坑殺人燕侶鶯儔。婆婆也，你豈不知羞！俺公公撞府沖州，（門內爭）（門內坐）的銅斗儿家緣百事有。想著俺公公置就，怎忍教張
驢儿情受？

〔張驢儿做扯正旦拜科，正旦推跌科，唱〕

兀的不是俺沒丈夫的婦女下場頭。

〔下〕

〔卜儿云〕

你老人家不要惱（心＋右操），難道你有活命之恩，我豈不思量報你？只是我那媳婦儿气性最不好惹的，既是他不肯招你儿子，教我怎好招你老人家？我如今拚的好酒好飯養你爺儿兩個在家，待我慢慢的勸化俺媳婦儿；待他有個回心轉意，再做區處。

〔張驢儿云〕

這歪剌骨便是黃花女儿，剛剛扯的一把，也不消這等使性，平空的推了我一交，

我肯干罷！就當面賭個誓与你：我今生今世不要他做老婆，我也不算好男子。

〔詞云〕美婦人我見過万千向外，不似這小妮子生得十分憊賴；我救了你老性命

死里重生，怎割舍得不肯把肉身陪待？

〔同下〕

Summary: Dou E still tries to discourage Granny Cai from marrying. Her efforts include pointing out the gossip that it will cause. Even when Granny Cai stands by her decision, Dou E is not willing to marry Zhang's son. The men are getting impatient with the women and enter the scene. Dou E does not speak about them nor about her mother-in-law favourably, invoking the memory of her father-in-law. Zhang’s son tries to persuade her. Granny Cai also says that she won’t be able to marry an older man if her daughter-in-law won’t marry a younger man. Granny Cai decides to persuade her. Zhang’s son becomes obsessed with Dou E.

=第二折=

==Edyta Skorupa==

〔賽盧醫上，詩云〕

小子太醫出身，也不知道醫死多人，何嘗怕人告發，關了一日店門？在城有個蔡家婆子，剛少他二十兩花銀，屢屢親來索取，爭些捻斷脊筋。也是我一時智短，將他賺到荒村，撞見兩個不識姓名男子，一聲嚷道：「浪蕩乾坤，怎敢行凶撒潑，擅自勒死平民！」嚇得我丟了繩索，放開腳步飛奔。雖然一夜無事，終覺失精落魂；方知人命關天關地，如何看做壁上灰塵。從今改過行業，要得滅罪修因，將以前醫死的性命，一個個都与他一卷超度的經文。小子賽盧醫的便是。只為要賴蔡婆婆二十兩銀子，賺他到荒僻去處，正待勒死他，誰想遇見兩個漢子，救了他去。若是再來討債時節，教我怎生見他？常言道的好：「三十六計，走為上計」。喜得我是孤身，又無家小連累，不若收拾了細軟行李，打個包儿，悄悄的躲到別處，另做營生，豈不干淨？

〔張驢儿上，云〕

自家張驢儿，可奈那竇娥百般的不肯隨順我；如今那老婆子害病，我討服毒藥与他吃了，藥死那老婆子，這小妮子好歹做我的老婆。

〔做行科，云〕

且住，城里人耳目廣，口舌多，倘見我討毒藥，可不嚷出事來？我前日看見南門外有個藥舖，此處冷靜，正好討藥。

〔做到科，叫云〕

太醫哥哥，我來討藥的。

〔賽盧醫云〕

你討甚么藥？

〔張驢儿云〕

我討服毒藥。

〔賽盧醫云〕

誰敢合毒藥与你？這廝好大膽也。

〔張驢儿云〕

你真個不肯与我藥么？

〔賽盧醫云〕

我不与你，你就怎地我？

〔張驢儿做拖盧云〕

好呀，前日謀死蔡婆婆的，不是你來？你說我不認的你哩？我拖你見官去。

〔賽盧醫做慌科，云〕

大哥，你放我，有藥有藥。

〔做与藥科，張驢儿云〕

既然有了藥，且饒你罷。正是：得放手時須放手，得饒人處且饒人。

〔下〕

Summary: Dr Sailu describes how he tried to get rid of Widow Cai, to whom he owes 20 taels of silver. He lured her to a deserted place and then planned to strangle the woman. However, two approaching men appeared in time, preventing him from committing the crime. Zhang Lǘ’er plans to poison the sick Widow Cai in order to get Dou E as his wife. Zhang Lǘ’er comes to Dr Sailu's herb shop and asks for poison. When Sai Luyi refuses, Zhang Lǘ’er blackmails him by saying that he will take him to court because he knows that it was Dr Sailu who tried to strangle Widow Cai. As a result, he receives the poison and spares Dr Sailu.

==Ada Dan==

〔賽盧醫云〕

可不悔气！剛剛討藥的這人，就是救那婆子的。我今日与了他這服毒藥去了，以

后事發，越越要連累我；趁早儿關上藥舖，到涿州賣老鼠藥去也。

〔下〕

〔卜儿上，做病伏几科〕

〔孛老同張驢儿上，云〕

老漢自到蔡婆婆家來，本望做個接腳，卻被他媳婦堅執不從。那婆婆一向收留俺爺儿兩個在家同住，只說好事不在忙，等慢慢里勸轉他媳婦，誰想他婆婆又害起病來。孩儿，你可曾算我兩個的八字，紅鸞天喜几時到命哩？

〔張驢儿云〕

要看什么天喜到命！只賭本事，做得去自去做。

〔孛老云〕

孩儿也，蔡婆婆害病好几日了，我与你去問病波。

〔做見卜儿問科，云〕

婆婆，你今日病体如何？

〔卜儿云〕

我身子十分不快哩。

〔孛老云〕

你可想些甚么吃？

〔卜儿云〕

我思量些羊肚儿湯吃。

〔孛老云〕

孩儿，你對竇娥說，做些羊肚儿湯与婆婆吃。

〔張驢儿向古門云〕

竇娥，婆婆想羊肚儿湯吃，快安排將來。

〔正旦持湯上，云〕

妾身竇娥是也。有俺婆婆不快，想羊肚湯吃，我親自安排了与婆婆吃去。婆婆也，

我這寡婦人家，凡事要避些嫌疑，怎好收留那張驢儿父子兩個？非親非眷的，一

家儿同住，豈不惹外人談議？婆婆也，你莫要背地里許了他親事，連我也累做不

清不洁的。我想這婦人心好難保也呵。

〔唱〕

【南呂·一枝花】他則待一生鴛帳眠，那里肯半夜空房睡；他本是張郎婦，又做了李郎妻。有一等婦女每相隨，并不說家克計，則打听些閒
是非；說一會不明白打鳳的机關，使了些調虛囂撈龍的見識。【梁州第七】這一個似卓氏般當壚滌器，這一個似孟光般舉案齊眉；說的來藏
頭蓋腳多伶俐，道著難曉，做出才知。舊恩忘卻，新愛偏宜；墳頭上土脈猶濕，架儿上又換新衣。那里有奔喪處哭倒長城？那里有浣紗時甘
投大水？那里有上山來便化頑石？可悲可恥，婦人家直恁的無仁義，多淫奔，少志气；虧殺前人在那里，更休說本性難移。

Summary: Widow Cai falls sick. She wants to eat sheep tripe soup, so Dou E is ordered to prepare it for her. When the meal is ready, Zhang the Mule recalls the grudge he holds for Widow Cai. He is secretly plotting to pour the poison obtained from Doctor Sailu into the soup. He wants to kill Widow Cai in order to force Dou E to marry him.

==Ewa Kopania==

〔云〕

婆婆，羊肚儿湯做成了，你吃些儿波。

〔張驢儿云〕

等我拿去。

〔做接嘗科，云〕

這里面少些鹽醋，你去取來。

〔正旦下〕

〔張驢儿放藥科〕

〔正旦上，云〕

這不是鹽醋？

〔張驢儿云〕

你傾下些。

〔正旦唱〕

【隔尾】你說道少鹽欠醋無滋味，加料添椒才脆美。但愿娘親早痊濟，飲羹湯一杯，胜甘露灌体，得一個身子平安倒大來喜。

〔孛老云〕

孩儿，羊肚湯有了不曾？

〔張驢儿云〕

湯有了，你拿過去。

〔孛老將湯云〕

婆婆，你吃些湯儿。

〔卜儿云〕

有累你。

〔做嘔科，云〕

我如今打嘔，不要這湯吃了，你老人家吃罷。

〔孛老云〕

這湯特地做來与你吃的，便不要吃，也吃一口儿。

〔卜儿云〕

我不吃了，你老人家請吃。

〔孛老吃科〕

〔正旦唱〕

【賀新郎】一個道你請吃，一個道婆先吃，這言語听也難听，我可是气也不气！想他家与咱家有甚的親和戚？怎不記舊日夫妻情意，也曾有
百縱千隨？婆婆也，你莫不為黃金浮世寶，白發故人稀，因此上把舊恩情全不比新知契。則待要百年同墓穴，那里肯千里送寒衣。

〔孛老云〕

我吃下這湯去，怎覺昏昏沉沉的起來？

〔做倒科〕

〔卜儿慌科，云〕

你老人家放精神著，你扎掙著些儿。

〔做哭科，云〕

兀的不是死了也！

〔正旦唱〕

【斗蝦（虫麻）】空悲戚，沒理會，人生死是輪回。感著這般病疾，值著這般時勢；可是風寒暑濕，或是饑飽勞役；各人證候自知，人命關
天關地；別人怎生替得，壽數非干今世。相守三朝五夕，說甚一家一計。又無羊酒段匹，又無花紅財禮；把手為活過日，撒手如同休棄。不
是竇娥忤逆，生怕旁人議論。不如听咱勸你，認個自家悔气，割舍的一具棺材停置，几件布帛收拾，出了咱家門里，送入他家墳地。這不是
你那從小儿年紀指腳的夫妻，我其實不關親無半點（心西）惶淚。休得要心如醉，意似痴，便這等嗟嗟怨怨，哭哭啼啼。

Zhang the Mule proceeds with his murderous plan and manages to secretly poison the soup prepared for Widow Cai. His plan however falls apart as the sick woman starts feeling unwell and offers her meal to his father, Zhang the Dog. Unaware of it’s deadly contents, old man eats the soup and dies after experiencing severe dizziness. Upon hearing Widow Cai’s wailing, Dou E points out that there is no use in grieving for a man to whom she was never married, nor received any courting gifts from. Fearing the neighbours’ judgement, she tries to placate the crying woman.

==Gabriela Krukowska==

　〔張驢儿云〕

好也羅！你把我老子藥死了，更待干罷！

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿，這事怎了也？

〔正旦云〕

我有什么藥在那里？都是他要鹽醋時，自家傾在湯儿里的。

〔唱〕

【隔尾】這廝搬調咱老母收留你，自藥死親爺待要唬嚇誰？

〔張驢儿云〕

我家的老子，倒說是我做儿子的藥死了，人也不信。

〔做叫科，云〕

四鄰八舍听著：竇娥藥殺我家老子哩。

〔卜儿云〕

罷么，你不要大惊小怪的，嚇殺我也。

〔張驢儿云〕

你可怕么？

〔卜儿云〕

可知怕哩。

〔張驢儿云〕

你要饒么？

〔卜儿云〕可知要饒哩。

〔張驢儿云〕

你教竇娥隨順了我，叫我三聲嫡嫡親親的丈夫，我便饒了他。

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿也，你隨順了他罷。

〔正旦云〕婆婆，你怎說這般言語？

〔唱〕

我一馬難將兩鞍□。想男儿在日，曾兩年匹配，卻教我改嫁別人，其實做不得。

　〔張驢儿云〕

竇娥，你藥殺了俺老子，你要官休？要私休？

〔正旦云〕

怎生是官休？怎生是私休？

〔張驢儿云〕

你要官休呵，拖你到官司，把你三推六問，你這等瘦弱身子，當不過拷打，怕你

不招認藥死我老子的罪犯！你要私休呵，你早些与我做了老婆，倒也便宜了你。

〔正旦云〕

我又不曾藥死你老子，情愿和你見官去來。

〔張驢儿拖正旦、卜儿下〕

〔淨扮孤引祗候上，詩云〕

我做官人胜別人，告狀來的要金銀；若是上司當刷卷，在家推病不出門。下官楚

州太守桃杌是也。今早升廳坐衙，左右，喝攛廂。

〔祗候吆喝科〕

〔張驢儿拖正旦、卜儿上，云〕

告狀，告狀。

〔祗候云〕

拿過來。

〔做跪見，孤亦跪科，云〕

請起。

〔祗候云〕

相公，他是告狀的，怎生跪著他？

〔孤云〕

你不知道，但來告狀的，就是我的衣食父母。

〔祗候吆喝科，孤云〕

那個是原告？那個是被告？從實說來。

〔張驢儿云〕

小人是原告張驢儿，告這媳婦儿，喚做竇娥，合毒藥下在羊肚湯儿里，藥死了俺

的老子。這個喚做蔡婆婆，就是俺的后母。望大人与小人做主咱。

〔孤云〕

是那一個下的毒藥？

〔正旦云〕

不干小婦人事。

〔卜儿云〕

也不干老婦人事。

〔張驢儿云〕

也不干我事。

〔孤云〕

都不是，敢是我下的毒藥來？

Zhang Lu'er accuses his daughter-in-law, Dou E, of poisoning his father. Zhang Lu'er seeks justice by bringing the case to the attention of a government official. There is also mention of Cai,who is Zhang Lu'er's stepmother. The characters engage in a conversation about the poisoning incident, with Zhang Lu'er claiming that Dou E poisoned his father with medicine in the soup. The government official questions the parties involved to determine the truth, but everyone denies being behind the poisoning.

==Julia Dereżyńska==

〔正旦云〕

我婆婆也不是他后母，他自姓張，我家姓蔡。我婆婆因為与賽盧醫索錢，被他賺

到郊外勒死；我婆婆卻得他爺儿兩個救了性命，因此我婆婆收留他爺儿兩個在家，

養膳終身，報他的恩德。誰知他兩個倒起不良之心，冒認婆婆做了接腳，要逼勒

小婦人作他媳婦。小婦人元是有丈夫的，服孝未滿，堅執不從。适值我婆婆患病，

著小婦人安排羊肚湯儿吃。不知張驢儿那里討得毒藥在身，接過湯來，只說少些

鹽醋，支轉小婦人，暗地傾下毒藥。也是天幸，我婆婆忽然嘔吐，不要湯吃，讓

与他老子吃，才吃的几口，便死了。与小婦人并無干涉，只望大人高抬明鏡，替

小婦人做主咱。

〔唱〕

【牧羊犬】大人你明如鏡，清似水，照妾身肝膽虛實。那羹本五味俱全，除了此百事不知。他推道嘗滋味，吃下去便昏迷。不是妾訟庭上胡支對，大人也，卻教我平白地說甚的？

〔張驢儿云〕

大人詳情：他自姓蔡，我自姓張，他婆婆不招俺父親接腳，他養我父子兩個在家

做甚么？這媳婦年紀儿雖小，极是個賴骨頑皮，不怕打的。

〔孤云〕

人是賤虫，不打不招。左右，与我選大棍子打著。

〔祗候打正旦，三次噴水科〕

〔正旦唱〕

【罵玉郎】這無情棍棒教我捱不的。婆婆也，須是你自做下，怨他誰？勸普天下前婚后嫁婆娘每，都看取我這般傍州例。【感皇恩】呀！是
誰人唱叫揚疾，不由我不魄散魂飛。恰消停，才蘇醒，又昏迷。捱千般打拷，万种凌逼，一杖下，一道血，一層皮。【采茶歌】打的我肉都
飛，血淋漓，腹中冤枉有誰知！則我這小婦人毒藥來從何處也？天哪！怎么的覆盆不照太陽暉！

〔孤云〕

你招也不招？

〔正旦云〕

委的不是小婦人下毒藥來。

〔孤云〕

既然不是你，与我打那婆子。

〔正旦忙云〕

住住住，休打我婆婆，情愿我招了罷。是我藥死公公來。

〔孤云〕

既然招了，著他畫了伏狀，將枷來枷上，下在死囚牢里去。到來日判個斬字，押

付市曹典刑。

〔卜儿哭科，云〕

竇娥孩儿，這都是我送了你性命，兀的不痛殺我也！

〔正旦唱〕

【黃鐘尾】我做了個銜冤負屈沒頭鬼，怎肯便放了你好色荒淫漏面賊！想人心不可欺，冤枉事天地知，爭到頭，競到底，到如今待怎的？情
愿認藥殺公公，与了招罪。婆婆也，我怕把你來便打的，打的來恁的。我若是不死呵，如何救得你？

〔隨祗候押下〕

〔張驢儿做叩頭科，云〕

謝青天老爺做主！明日殺了竇娥，才与小人的老子報的冤。

〔卜儿哭科，云〕

明日市曹中殺竇娥孩儿也，兀的不痛殺我也！

〔孤云〕

張驢儿，蔡婆婆，都取保狀，著隨衙听候。左右，打散堂鼓，將馬來，回私宅去
也。

〔同下〕

Summary: Dou E explains the situation from her point of view and asks the governor for a fair judgement. Zhang Lü'er disagrees with her, and the governor has Dou E beaten three times. She is badly injured, but still doesn’t confess, saying that she didn’t poison Zhang Lü'er’s father. She confesses for a crime she didn’t commit when the governor threatens to beat up her mother-in-law. Dou E is then sentenced to death.

=第三折=

==Karol Perka==

　〔外扮監斬官上，云〕

下官監斬官是也。今日處決犯人，著做公的把住巷口，休放往來人閒走。

〔淨扮公人，鼓三通，鑼三下科，劊子磨旗、提刀、押正旦帶枷上，劊子云〕

行動些，行動些，監斬官去法場上多時了。

〔正旦唱〕

【正宮·端正好】沒來由犯王法，不提防遭刑憲，叫聲屈動地惊天。頃刻間游魂先赴森羅殿，怎不將天地也生埋怨。【滾繡球】有日月朝暮
懸，有鬼神掌著生死權。天地也只合把清濁分辨，可怎生糊突了盜跖顏淵：為善的受貧窮更命短，造惡的享富貴又壽延。天地也，做得個怕
硬欺軟，卻元來也這般順水推船。地也，你不分好歹何為地。天也，你錯勘賢愚枉做天！哎，只落得兩淚漣漣。

〔劊子云〕

快行動些，誤了時辰也。

〔正旦唱〕

【倘秀才】則被這枷紐的我左側右偏，人擁的我前合后偃。我竇娥向哥哥行有句言。

〔劊子云〕

你有甚么話說？

〔正旦唱〕

前街里去心怀恨，后街里去死無冤，休推辭路遠。

〔劊子云〕

你如今到法場上面，有甚么親眷要見的，可教他過來見你一面也好。

〔正旦唱〕

【叨叨令】可怜我孤身只影無親眷，則落的吞聲忍气空嗟怨。

〔劊子云〕

難道你爺娘家也沒的？

〔正旦云〕

止有個爹爹，十三年前上朝取應去了，至今杳無音信。

〔唱〕

早已是十年多不睹爹爹面。

〔劊子云〕

你适才要我往后街里去，是什么主意？

〔正旦唱〕

怕則怕前街里被我婆婆見。

〔劊子云〕

你的性命也顧不得，怕他見怎的？

〔正旦云〕俺婆婆若見我披枷帶鎖赴法場餐刀去呵，

〔唱〕

枉將他气殺也么哥，枉將他气殺也么哥。告哥哥，臨危好与人行方便。

〔卜儿哭上科，云〕

天哪，兀的不是我媳婦儿！

〔劊子云〕

婆子靠后。

〔正旦云〕

既是俺婆婆來了，叫他來，待我囑付他几句話咱。

〔劊子云〕

那婆子，近前來，你媳婦要囑付你話哩。

〔卜儿云〕

孩儿，痛殺我也。

〔正旦云〕

婆婆，那張驢儿把毒藥放在羊肚儿湯里，實指望藥死了你，要霸占我為妻。不想

婆婆讓与他老子吃，倒把他老子藥死了。我怕連累婆婆，屈招了藥死公公，今日

赴法場典刑。婆婆，此后遇著冬時年節，月一十五，有（水蹇）不了的漿水飯，

（水蹇）半碗儿与我吃；燒不了的紙錢，与竇娥燒一陌儿。則是看你死的孩儿面

上。

〔唱〕

【快活三】念竇娥葫蘆提當罪愆，念竇娥身首不完全，念竇娥從前已往干家緣；婆婆也，你只看竇娥少爺無娘面。【鮑老儿】念竇娥服侍婆
婆這几年，遇時節將碗涼漿奠；你去那受刑法尸骸上烈些紙錢，只當把你亡化的孩儿荐。

Karol, English summary: Dou E is escorted by the executioner and cries out saying that the Heaven didn't protect her from this injustice and that it confuses the wicked with the good. She asks the executioner to bring her out in the back, so that her mother-in-law doesn't see her. Mother-in-law still notices her, Dou E says that Zhang Lv'er would posion the soup and have Dou E give it to her. Mother-in-law is heartbroken, Dou E asks her for home offerings such as burning the paper money for her and some rice in a bowl and to take pity on her as she is being treated unfairly.

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==

〔卜儿哭科，云〕

孩儿放心，這個老身都記得。天哪，兀的不痛殺我也。

〔正旦唱〕

婆婆也，再也不要啼啼哭哭，煩煩惱惱，怨气沖天。這都是我做竇娥的沒時沒運，不明不暗，負屈銜冤。

　〔劊子做喝科，云〕

兀那婆子靠后，時辰到了也。

〔正旦跪科〕

〔劊子開枷科〕

〔正旦云〕

竇娥告監斬大人，有一事肯依竇娥，便死而無怨。

〔監斬官云〕

你有什么事？你說。

〔正旦云〕

要一領淨席，等我竇娥站立，又要丈二白練，挂在旗槍上。若是我竇娥委實冤枉，

刀過處頭落，一腔熱血休半點儿沾在地下，都飛在白練上者。

〔監斬官云〕

這個就依你，打甚么不緊。

〔劊子做取席科，站科，又取白練挂旗上科〕

〔正旦唱〕

【耍孩儿】不是我竇娥罰下這等無頭愿，委實的冤情不淺。若沒些儿靈圣与世人傳，也不見得湛湛青天。我不要半星熱血紅塵洒，都只在八
尺旗槍素練懸。等他四下里皆瞧見，這就是咱萇弘化碧，望帝啼鵑。

　〔劊子云〕

你還有甚的說話，此時不對監斬大人說，几時說那？

〔正旦再跪科，云〕

大人，如今是三伏天道，若竇娥委實冤枉，身死之后，天降三尺瑞雪，遮掩了竇

娥尸首。

〔監斬官云〕

這等三伏天道，你便有沖天的怨气，也召不得一片雪來，可不胡說！

〔正旦唱〕

【二煞】你道是暑气暄，不是那下雪天；豈不聞飛霜六月因鄒衍？若果有一腔怨气噴如火，定要感得六出冰花滾似錦，免著我尸骸現；要什
么素車白馬，斷送出古陌荒阡？

〔正旦再跪科，云〕

大人，我竇娥死的委實冤枉，從今以后，著這楚州亢旱三年。

〔監斬官云〕

打嘴！那有這等說話！

〔正旦唱〕

【一煞】你道是天公不可期，人心不可怜，不知皇天也肯從人愿。做甚么三年不見甘霖降？也只為東海曾經孝婦冤。如今輪到你山陽縣。這
都是官吏每無心正法，使百姓有口難言。

　〔劊子做磨旗科，云〕

怎么這一會儿天色陰了也？

〔內做風科，劊子云〕

好冷風也！

〔正旦唱〕

【煞尾】浮云為我陰，悲風為我旋，三樁儿誓愿明題遍。

〔做哭科，云〕

婆婆也，直等待雪飛六月，亢旱三年呵，

〔唱〕

那其間才把你個屈死的冤魂這竇娥顯。

　〔劊子做開刀，正旦倒科〕

〔監斬官惊云〕

呀，真個下雪了，有這等异事！

〔劊子云〕

我也道平日殺人，滿地都是鮮血，這個竇娥的血，都飛在那丈二白練上，并無半

點落地，委實奇怪。

〔監斬官云〕

這死罪必有冤枉，早兩樁儿應驗了，不知亢旱三年的說話，准也不准？且看后來

如何。左右，也不必等待雪晴，便与我抬他尸首，還了那蔡婆婆去罷。

〔眾應科，抬尸下〕

=第四折=

==Natalia Gloc==

〔竇天章冠帶引丑張千祗從上，詩云〕

獨立空堂思黯然，高峰月出滿林煙，非關有事人難睡，自是惊魂夜不眠。老夫竇

天章是也。自离了我那端云孩儿，可早十六年光景。老夫自到京師，一舉及第，

官拜參知政事。只因老夫廉能清正，節操堅剛，謝圣恩可怜，加老夫兩淮提刑肅

政廉訪使之職，隨處審囚刷卷，体察濫官污吏，容老夫先斬后奏。老夫一喜一悲，

喜呵，老夫身居台省，職掌刑名，勢劍金牌，威權万里；悲呵，有端云孩儿，七

歲上与了蔡婆婆為儿媳婦，老夫自得官之后，使人往楚州問蔡婆婆家，他鄰里街

坊道，自當年蔡婆婆不知搬在那里去了，至今音信皆無。老夫為端云孩儿，啼哭

的眼目昏花，憂愁得須發斑白。今日來到這淮南地面，不知這楚州為何三年不雨？

老夫今在這州廳安歇。張千，說与那州中大小屬官，今日免參，明日早見。

〔張千向古門云〕

一應大小屬官，今日免參，明日早見。

〔竇天章云〕

張千，說与那六房吏典，但有合刷照文卷，都將來，待老夫燈下看几宗波。

〔張千送文卷科，竇天章云〕

張千，你与我掌上燈，你每都辛苦了，自去歇息罷。我喚你便來，不喚你休來。

〔張千點燈，同祗從下。竇天章云〕

我將這文卷看几宗咱。一起犯人竇娥，將毒藥致死公公。我才看頭一宗文卷，就

与老夫同姓，這藥死公公的罪名，犯在十惡不赦，俺同姓之人，也有不畏法度的。

這是問結了的文書，不看他罷。我將這文卷壓在底下，別看一宗咱。

〔做打呵欠科，云〕

不覺的一陣昏沉上來，皆因老夫年紀高大，鞍馬勞困之故，待我搭伏定書案，歇

息些儿咱。

〔做睡科，魂旦上，唱〕

【雙調·新水令】我每日哭啼啼守住望鄉台，急煎煎把仇人等待，慢騰騰昏地里走，足律律旋風中來，則被這霧鎖云埋，攛掇的鬼魂快。

〔魂旦望科，云〕

門神戶尉不放我進去。我是廉訪使竇天章女孩儿，因我屈死，父親不知，特來托

一夢与他咱。

〔唱〕

【沉醉東風】我是那提刑的女孩，須不比現世的妖怪。怎不容我到燈影前，卻攔截在門（木呈）外？

〔做叫科，云〕

我那爺爺呵，

〔唱〕

枉自有勢劍金牌，把俺這屈死三年的腐骨骸，怎脫离無邊苦海！

　〔做入見哭科，竇天章亦哭科，云〕

端云孩儿，你在那里來？

Summary:
It’s nighttime. Dou Tianzhang recalls the events from the past. Almost 16 years ago, he had to leave his daughter – Duanyun, and head to the capital to participate in imperial exams. He successfully become an official and later on, due to (as he describes) his honesty and morality, the Emperor appointed him as 廉訪使 (a senior government official). Dou Tianzhang feels both happiness and sadness – his position as an official makes him happy, but the loss of his daughter, who was sent to widow Cai’s household, is still the source of his grief. After dismissing his servant, he wants to examine some of the gathered cases. The first one is particularly interesting, as the person accused of poisoning her father-in-law has the same surname as he has – that person is Dou E. Suddenly, the man starts to feel quite tired, so he has to rest for a while. In the moment when he is sleeping, the ghost of a woman appears. She sings a song about being trapped in the underworld and feeling miserable. She reveals that she is the daughter of Dou Tianzhang who died because of the injustice that was done to her. Her father doesn’t know about her death yet and the only possible way for her to communicate with him is through his dreams.

==Paweł Andraszak ==

〔魂旦虛下〕

〔竇天章做醒科，云〕

好是奇怪也，老夫才合眼去，夢見端云孩儿恰便似來我跟前一般，如今在那里？

我且再看這文卷咱。

〔魂旦上，做弄燈科〕

〔竇天章云〕

奇怪，我正要看文卷，怎生這燈忽明忽滅的！張千也睡著了，我自己剔燈咱。

〔做剔燈，魂旦翻文卷科，竇天章云〕

我剔的這燈明了也。再看几宗文卷。一起犯人竇娥藥死公公。

〔做疑怪科，云〕

這一宗文卷，我為頭看過，壓在文卷底下，怎生又在這上頭？這几時問結了的，

還壓在底下，我別看一宗文卷波。

〔魂旦再弄燈科，竇天章云〕

怎么，這燈又是半明半暗的，我再剔這燈咱。

〔做剔燈，魂旦再翻文卷科，竇天章云〕

我剔的這燈明了，我另拿一宗文卷看咱。一起犯人竇娥藥死公公。呸！好是奇怪！

我才將這文書分明壓在底下，剛剔了這燈，怎生又翻在面上？莫不是楚州后廳里

有鬼么？便無鬼呵，這樁事必有冤枉。將這文卷再壓在底下，待我另看一宗如何？

〔魂旦又弄燈科，竇天章云〕

怎生這燈又不明了？敢有鬼弄這燈？我再剔一剔去。

〔做剔燈科，魂旦上，做撞見科，竇天章舉劍擊桌科，云〕

呸！我說有鬼！兀那鬼魂，老夫是朝廷欽差帶牌走馬肅政廉訪使，你向前來，一

劍揮之兩段。張千，虧你也睡的著，快起來，有鬼有鬼。兀的不嚇殺老夫也。

〔魂旦唱〕

【喬牌儿】則見他疑心儿胡亂猜，听了我這哭聲儿轉惊駭。哎，你個竇天章恁的威風大，且受你孩儿竇娥這一拜。

〔竇天章云〕

兀那鬼魂，你道竇天章是你父親，受你孩儿竇娥拜，你敢錯認了也！我的女儿叫
做端云，七歲上与了蔡婆婆為儿媳婦。你是竇娥，名字差了，怎生是我女孩儿？

〔魂旦云〕

父親，你將我与了蔡婆婆家，改名做竇娥了也。

〔竇天章云〕

你便是端云孩儿，我不問你別的，這藥死公公，是你不是？

〔魂旦云〕

是你孩儿來。

〔竇天章云〕

噤聲，你這小妮子，老夫為你啼哭的眼也花了，憂愁的頭也白了，你（戔刀）地

犯了十惡大罪，受了典刑。我今日官居台省，職掌刑名，來此兩淮審囚刷卷，体

察濫官污吏，你是我親生之女，老夫將你治不的，怎治他人？我當初將你嫁与他

家呵，要你三從四德：三從者，在家從父，出嫁從夫，夫死從子。四德者，事公

姑，敬夫主，和妯娌，睦街坊。今三從四德全無，（戔刀）地犯了十惡大罪。我

竇家三輩無犯法之男，五世無再婚之女，到今日被你辱沒祖宗世德，又連累我的

清名。你快与其我細吐真情，不要虛言支對，若說的有半厘差錯，牒發你城隍祠

內，著你永世不得人身，罰在陰山，永為餓鬼。

Paweł: Summary of the above passage

Dou Tianzhang is haunted by the ghost of his daughter. The spirit of Dou E repeatedly tampers with the lamplight and continuously re-arranges the file in order to draw Dou Tianzhang's attention to the case which concerns the criminal Dou E who poisoned her father-in-law. Then the spirit of Dou E appears in front of the inspector and says that she is a ghost of his daughter. Dou Tianzhang is very surprised and feels insecure. He can't believe that his beloved daughter might have committed such a heinous crime (he does not know that Dou E was innocent). He quotes the Three Duties and the Four Virtues which he once expected his daughter to observe.

==Sandra Piechowiak==

〔魂旦云〕

父親停嗔息怒，暫罷狼虎之威，听你孩儿慢慢的說一遍咱。我三歲上亡了母親，

七歲上离了父親，你將我送与蔡婆婆做儿媳婦。至十七歲与夫配合，才得兩年，

不幸儿夫亡化，和俺婆婆守寡。這山陽縣南門外有個賽盧醫，他少俺婆婆二十兩

銀子。俺婆婆去取討，被他賺到郊外，要將婆婆勒死，不想撞見張驢儿父子兩個，

救了俺婆婆性命。那張驢儿知道我家有個守寡的媳婦，便道：「你婆儿媳婦既無

丈夫，不若招我父子兩個。」俺婆婆初也不肯，那張驢儿道：「你若不肯，我依

舊勒死你。」俺婆婆懼怕，不得已含糊許了。只得將他父子兩個領到家中，養他

過世。有張驢儿數次調戲你女孩儿，我堅執不從。那一日俺婆婆身子不快，想羊

肚儿湯吃，你孩儿安排了湯。适值張驢儿父子兩個問病，道：「將湯來我嘗一嘗。」

說：「湯便好，只少些鹽醋。」賺的我去取鹽醋，他就暗地里下了毒藥，實指望

藥殺俺婆婆，要強逼我成親。不想俺婆婆偶然發嘔，不要湯吃，卻讓与老張吃，

隨即七竅流血藥死了。張驢儿便道：「竇娥藥死了俺老子，你要官休要私休？」

我便道：「怎生是官休？怎生是私休？」他道：「要官休，告到官司，你与俺老

子償命。若私休，你便与我做老婆。」你孩儿便道：「好馬不備雙鞍，烈女不更

二夫，我至死不与你做媳婦，我請愿和你見官去。」他將你孩儿拖到官中，受盡

三推六問，吊拷繃扒，便打死孩儿也不肯認。怎當州官見你孩儿不認，便要拷打

俺婆婆；我怕婆婆年老，受刑不起，只得屈認了。因此押赴法場．將我典刑。你

孩儿對天發下三樁誓愿：第一樁要丈二白練挂在旗槍上，若系冤枉，刀過頭落，

一腔熱血休滴在地下，都飛在白練上；第二樁，現今三伏天道，下三尺瑞雪，遮

掩你孩儿尸首；第三樁，著他楚州大旱三年。果然血飛上白練，六月下雪，三年

不雨，都是為你孩儿來。

〔詩云〕不告官司只告天，心中怨气口難言，防他老母

遭刑憲，情愿無辭認罪愆。三尺瓊花骸骨掩，一腔熱血練旗懸，豈獨霜飛鄒衍屈，

今朝方表竇娥冤。

〔唱〕

【雁儿落】你看這文卷曾道來不道來，則我這冤枉要忍耐如何耐？我不肯順他人，倒著我赴法場；我不肯辱祖上，倒把我殘生坏。【得胜
令】呀，今日個搭伏定攝魂台，一靈儿怨哀哀。父親也，你現掌著刑名事，親蒙圣主差。端詳這文冊，那廝亂綱常當合敗。便万剮了喬才，
還道報冤仇不暢快。

Dou E explains what happened to her: after 2 years of marriage her husband died, leaving her and her mother-in-law alone. Once the mother-in-law almost got strangled, but Zhang Lu'er and his son saved her. Then they blackmailed the mother-in-law, saying that they'll strangle her unless she allows them into her house. One day Dou E's mother-in-law was feeling sick and asked her for soup, then Zhang Lu'er had a taste of it and said it needed more salt and vinegar, and then secretly poisoned the soup when Dou E went to bring the ingredients. Her mother-in-law vomitted and refused to eat the soup, which saved her, but old Zhang ate it and died. After that Zhang's son blackmailed Dou E, saying he'll either bring her to court for killing his father, or she'll agree to be his wife. Dou E refused to remarry and because of that she was brought to court and tortured, eventually she was forced to confess to a crime she didn't commit because she was scared of her mother-in-law being harmed. She laments that she suffered a great injustice.

==Wiktoria Wolny==

　〔竇天章做泣科，云〕

哎，我屈死的儿夜，則被你痛殺我也！我且問你：這楚州三年不雨，可真個是為

你來？

〔魂旦云〕

是為你孩儿來。

〔竇天章云〕

有這等事！到來朝我与你做主。

〔詩云〕白頭親苦痛哀哉，屈殺了你個青春女孩，

只恐怕天明了你且回去，到來日我將文卷改正明白。

〔魂旦暫下〕

〔竇天章云〕

呀，天色明了也。張千，我昨日看几宗文卷，中間有一鬼魂來訴冤枉。我喚你好

几次，你再也不應，直恁的好睡那。

〔張千云〕

我小人兩個鼻子孔一夜不曾閉，并不听見女鬼訴什么冤狀，也不曾听見相公呼喚。

〔竇天章做叱科，云〕

（口退），今早升廳坐衙，張千，喝攛廂者。

〔張千做吆喝科，云〕

在衙人馬平安，抬書案。

〔稟云〕

州官見。

〔外扮州官入參科〕

〔張千云〕

該房吏典見。

〔丑扮吏入參見科〕

〔竇天章云〕

你這楚州一郡，三年不雨，是為著何來？

〔州官云〕

這個是天道亢旱，楚州百姓之災，小官等不知其罪。

〔竇天章做怒科，云〕

你等不知罪么！那山陽縣有用毒藥謀死公公犯婦竇娥，他問斬之時，曾發愿道：

「若是果有冤枉，著你楚州三年不雨，寸草不生。」可有這件事？

〔州官云〕

這罪是前升任桃州守問成的，現有文卷。

〔竇天章云〕

這等糊突的官，也著他升去！你是繼他任的，三年之中，可曾祭這冤婦么？

〔州官云〕

此犯系十惡大罪，元不曾有祠，所以不曾祭得。

〔竇天章云〕

昔日漢朝有一孝婦守寡，其姑自縊身死，其姑女告孝婦殺姑。東海太守將孝婦斬

了。只為一婦含冤，致令三年不雨。后于公治獄，仿佛見孝婦抱卷哭于廳前，于

公將文卷改正，親祭孝婦之墓，天乃大雨。今日你楚州大旱，豈不正与此事相類？

張千，分付該房僉牌下山陽縣，著拘張驢儿、賽盧醫、蔡婆婆一起人犯，火速解

審，毋得違（心吳）片刻者。

〔張千云〕

理會的。

〔下〕

〔丑扮解子押張驢儿、蔡婆婆，同張千上，稟云〕

山陽縣解到審犯听點。

〔竇天章云〕

張驢儿。

〔張驢儿云〕

有。

〔竇天章云〕

蔡婆婆。

〔蔡婆婆云〕

有。

〔竇天章云〕

怎么賽盧醫是緊要人犯不到？

〔解子云〕

賽盧醫三年前在逃，一面著廣捕批緝拿去了，待獲日解審。

〔竇天章云〕

張驢儿，那蔡婆婆是你的后母么？

〔張驢儿云〕

母親好冒認的？委實是。

〔竇天章云〕

這藥死你父親的毒藥，卷上不見有合藥的人，是那個的毒藥？

〔張驢儿云〕

是竇娥自合就的毒藥。

〔竇天章云〕

這毒藥必有一個賣藥的醫舖，想竇娥是個少年寡婦，那里討這藥來？張驢儿，敢

是你合的毒藥么？

〔張驢儿云〕

若是小人合的毒藥，不藥別人，倒藥死自家老子？

〔竇天章云〕

我那屈死的儿（口樂），這一節是緊要公案，你不自來折辯，怎得一個明白，你

如今冤魂卻在那里？

〔魂旦上，云〕

張驢儿，這藥不是你合的，是那個合的？

〔張驢儿做怕科，云〕

有鬼有鬼，撮鹽入水，太上老君，急急如律令，敕。

〔魂旦云〕

張驢儿，你當日下毒藥在羊肚儿湯里，本意藥死俺婆婆，要逼勒我做渾家，不想

俺婆婆不吃，讓与你父親吃，被藥死了，你今日還敢賴哩！

〔唱〕

【川撥（木卓）】猛見了你這吃敲材，我只問你這毒藥從何處來？你本意待暗里栽排，要逼勒我和諧，倒把你親爺毒害，怎教咱替你耽罪
責？

〔魂旦做打張驢儿科〕

〔張驢儿做避科，云〕

太上老君，急急如律令，敕。大人說這毒藥必有個賣藥的醫舖，若尋得這賣藥的

人來，和小人折對，死也無詞。

〔丑扮解子解賽盧醫上，云〕

山陽縣續解到犯人一名賽盧醫。

〔張千喝云〕

當面。

〔竇天章云〕

你三年前要勒死蔡婆婆，賴他銀子，這事怎么說？

〔賽盧醫叩頭科，云〕

Summary: Dou Tianzhang weeps over the fate of his daughter, asks her if it is because of her that the district has been plagued by drought for 3 years, and when Dou E confirms his words, Dou Tianzhang orders a review of her case. Dou Tianzhang orders the accused and those connected to the case to be brought in, that is Zhang the Mule, Dr Sailu, governor Taowu, and Widow Cai, Dr Sailu however is not brought in with the others. Dou Tianzhang begins interrogating those involved, slowly bringing the truth to light, at which point Dr Sailu is brought to trial.

==Zyta Rydz==

小的要賴蔡婆婆銀子的情是有的，當被兩個漢子救了，那婆婆并不曾死。

〔竇天章云〕

這兩個漢子你認的他叫做什么名姓？

〔賽盧醫云〕

小的認便認的，慌忙之際，可不曾問他名姓。

〔竇天章云〕

現有一個在階下，你去認來。

〔賽盧醫做下認科，云〕

這個是蔡婆婆。

〔指張驢儿云〕

想必這毒藥事發了。

〔上云〕

是這一個，容小的訴稟：當日要勒死蔡婆婆時，正遇見他爺儿兩個，救了那婆婆

去。過得几日，他到小的舖中討服毒藥，小的是念佛吃齋人，不敢做昧心的事，

說道：「舖中只有官料藥，并無什么毒藥。」他就睜著眼道：「你昨日在郊外要

勒死蔡婆婆，我拖你見官去。」小的一生最怕的是見官，只得將一服毒藥与了他

去。小的見他生相是個惡的，一定拿這藥去藥死了人，久后敗露，必然連累，小

的一向逃在涿州地方，賣些老鼠藥。剛剛是老鼠被藥殺了好几個，藥死人的藥，

其實再也不曾合。

〔魂旦唱〕

【七弟兄】你只為賴財，放乖，要當災。

〔帶云〕

這毒藥呵，

〔唱〕

原來是你賽盧醫出賣張驢儿買，沒來由填做我犯由牌，到今日官去衙門在。

〔竇天章云〕

帶那蔡婆婆上來。我看你也六十外人了，家中又是有錢鈔的，如何又嫁了老張，

做出這等事來？

〔蔡婆婆云〕

老婦人因為他爺儿兩個救了我的性命，收留他在家養膳過世；那張驢儿常說要將

他老子接腳進來，老婦人并不曾許他。

〔竇天章云〕

這等說，你那媳婦就不該認做藥死公公了。

〔魂旦云〕

當日問官要打俺婆婆，我怕他年老受刑不起，因此（口昝）認做藥死公公，委實

是屈招個！

〔唱〕

【梅花酒】你道是咱不該，這招狀供寫的明白。本一點孝順的心怀，倒做了惹禍的胚胎。我只道官吏每還复勘，怎將咱屈斬首在長街！第一
要素旗槍鮮血洒，第二要三尺雪將死尸埋，第三要三年旱示天災，咱誓愿委實大。【收江南】呀，這的是衙門從古向南開，就中無個不冤
哉。痛殺我嬌姿弱体閉泉台，早三年以外，則落的悠悠流恨似長淮。

　〔竇天章云〕

端云儿也，你這冤枉我已盡知，你且回去。待我將這一起人犯，并原問官吏，另

行定罪，改日做個水陸道場，超度你生天便了。

〔魂旦拜科，唱〕

【鴛鴦煞尾】從今后把金牌勢劍從頭擺，將濫官污吏都殺坏，与天子分憂，万民除害。

〔云〕

我可忘了一件，爹爹，俺婆婆年紀高大，無人侍養，你可收恤家中，替你孩儿盡
養生送死之禮，我便九泉之下，可也瞑目。

〔竇天章云〕

好孝順的儿也。

〔魂旦唱〕

囑付你爹爹，收養我奶奶，可怜他無婦無儿誰管顧年衰邁。再將那文卷舒開，

〔帶云〕

爹爹，也把我竇娥名下，

〔唱〕

屈死的于伏罪名儿改。

〔下〕

〔竇天章云〕

喚那蔡婆婆上來。你可認得我么？

〔蔡婆婆云〕

老婦人眼花了，不認的。

〔竇天章云〕

我便是竇天章。适才的鬼魂，便是我屈死的女孩儿端云。你這一行人，听我下斷：

張驢儿毒殺親爺，奸占寡婦，合擬凌遲，押赴市曹中，釘上木驢，剮一百二十刀

處死。升任州守桃杌，并該房吏典，刑名違錯，各杖一百，永不敘用。賽盧醫不

合賴錢勒死平民，又不合修合毒藥，致傷人命，發煙瘴地面，永遠充軍。蔡婆婆

我家收養，竇娥罪改正明白。

〔詞云〕莫道我念亡女与他滅罪消愆，也只可怜見

楚州郡大旱三年。昔于公曾表白東海孝婦，果然是感召得靈雨如泉。豈可便推諉

道天災代有，竟不想人之意感應通天。今日個將文卷重行改正，方顯的王家法不

使民冤。
Summary: Sailun was the one who tried to strangle widow Cai, but two men saved her. However later one of those two came to Sailun's medicine shop and asked for poison threatening, that if Sailu won't give him, then he will tell the officials that Sailun tried to strangle widow Cai. After that, Sailun was scared, so he fled. After discovering all the facts Dou Tianzhang said the final verdict: Zhang the Mule was sentenced to death, governor Taowu would be punished with a hundred strokes of a cane and Dr Sailu was banished forever. Dou Tianzhang also decided to take care of widow Cai and his daughter was posthumously proclaimed innocent.

Dream of the Red Chamber

2023-12-07T07:41:45Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==The original text of "Dream of the Red Chamber"'==

Full text: [http://www.purepen.com/hlm/index.htm]

English translation: [https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-jeffersoncc-introliterature/chapter/685/]

Link to the presentation:

Title: 红楼梦 (Dream of the Red Chamber)

Author: 曹雪芹 (Cao Xueqin)

==第三回托内兄如海荐西宾　接外孙贾母惜孤女==

==Aleksandra Urbańska==

却说雨村忙回头看时，不是别人，乃是当日同僚一案参革的张如圭。他系此地人，革后家居，今打听得都中奏准起复旧员之信，他便四下里寻情找门路，忽遇见雨村，故忙道喜。二人见了礼，张如圭便将此信告知雨村，雨村欢喜，忙忙叙了两句，各自别去回家。冷子兴听得此言，便忙献计，令雨村央求林如海，转向都中去央烦贾政。雨村领其意而别，回至馆中，忙寻邸报看真确了，次日面谋之如海。

==Anna Proskura==

如海道：“天缘凑巧，因贱荆去世，都中家岳母念及小女无人依傍，前已遣了男女船只来接，因小女未曾大痊，故尚未行，此刻正思送女进京。因向蒙教训之恩，未经酬报，遇此机会岂有不尽心图报之理。弟已预筹之，修下荐书一封，托内兄务为周全，方可稍尽弟之鄙诚；即有所费，弟于内家信中写明，不劳吾兄多虑。”雨村一面打恭，谢不释口，一面又问：“不知令亲大人现居何职?只怕晚生草率，不敢进谒。”如海笑道：“若论舍亲，与尊兄犹系一家，乃荣公之孙：大内兄现袭一等将军之职，名赦，字恩侯；二内兄名政，字存周，现任工部员外郎，其为人谦恭厚道，大有祖父遗风，非膏粱轻薄之流。故弟致书烦托，否则不但有污尊兄清操，即弟亦不屑为矣。”雨村听了，心下方信了昨日子兴之言，于是又谢了林如海。如海又说：“择了出月初二日小女入都，吾兄即同路而往，岂不两便？”雨村唯唯听命，心中十分得意。如海遂打点礼物并饯行之事，雨村一一领了。

==Asia Zawada==

那女学生原不忍离亲而去，无奈他外祖母必欲其往，且兼如海说：“汝父年已半百，再无续室之意，且汝多病，年又极小，上无亲母教养，下无姊妹扶持。今去依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹，正好减我内顾之忧，如何不去？”黛玉听了，方洒泪拜别，随了奶娘及荣府中几个老妇登舟而去。雨村另有只，带了两个小童，依附黛玉而行。
一日到了京都，雨村先整了衣冠，带着童仆，拿了宗侄的名帖至荣府门上投了。彼时贾政已看了妹丈之书，即忙请入相会。见雨村像貌魁伟，言谈不俗，且这贾政最喜的是读书人，礼贤下士，拯溺救危，大有祖风，况又系妹丈致意，因此优待雨村，更又不同。便极力帮助，题奏之日，谋了一个复职。不上两月，便选了金陵应天府，辞了贾政，择日到任去了，不在话下。

==Edyta Skorupa==

且说黛玉自那日弃舟登岸时，便有荣府打发轿子并拉行李车辆伺候。这黛玉尝听得母亲说，他外祖母家与别人家不同。他近日所见的这几个三等的仆妇，吃穿用度已是不凡，何况今至其家，都要步步留心，时时在意，不要多说一句话，不可多行一步路，恐被人耻笑了去。自上了轿，进了城，从纱窗中瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自非别处可比。又行了半日，忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子，三间兽头大门，门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人，正门不开，只东西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾，匾上大书“敕造宁国府”五个大字。黛玉想道：“这是外祖的长房了。”又往西不远，照样也是三间大门，方是“荣国府”，却不进正门，只由西角门而进。轿子抬着走了一箭之远，将转弯时便歇了轿，后面的婆子也都下来了，另换了四个眉目秀洁的十七八岁的小厮上来，抬着轿子，众婆子步下跟随。

==Ada Dan==

至一垂花门前落下，那小斯俱肃然退出，众婆子上前打起轿帘，扶黛玉下了轿。黛玉扶着婆子的手进了垂花门，两边是超手游廊，正中是穿堂，当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石屏风。转过屏风，小小三间厅房，厅后便是正房大院。正面五间上房，皆是雕梁画栋，两边穿山游廊厢房，挂着各色鹦鹉画眉等雀鸟。台阶上坐着几个穿红着绿的丫头，一见他们来了，都笑迎上来道：“刚才老太太还念诵呢!可巧就来了。”于是三四人争着打帘子。一面听得人说：“林姑娘来了！”

==Ewa Kopania==

黛玉方进房，只见两个人扶着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来。黛玉知是外祖母了，正欲下拜，早被外祖母抱住，搂入怀中，“心肝儿肉”叫着大哭起来。当下侍立之人无不下泪，黛玉也哭个不休。众人慢慢解劝，那黛玉方拜见了外祖母。贾母方一一指与黛玉道：“这是你大舅母。这是二舅母。这是你先前珠大哥的媳妇珠大嫂子。”黛玉一一拜见。贾母又叫：“请姑娘们。今日远客来了，可以不必上学去。”众人答应了一声，便去了两个。不一时，只见三个奶妈并五六个丫鬟，拥着三位姑娘来了。第一个肌肤微丰，身材合中，腮凝新荔，鼻腻鹅脂，温柔沉默，观之可亲。第二个削肩细腰，长挑身材，鸭蛋脸儿，俊眼修眉，顾盼神飞，文彩精华，见之忘俗。第三个身量未足，形容尚小。其钗环裙袄，三人皆是一样的妆束。黛玉忙起身迎上来见礼，互相厮认，归了坐位。丫鬟送上茶来。不过叙些黛玉之母如何得病，如何请医服药，如何送死发丧。不免贾母又伤感起来，因说：“我这些女孩儿，所疼的独有你母亲。今一旦先我而亡，不得见面，怎不伤心！”说着携了黛玉的手又哭起来。众人都忙相劝慰，方略略止住。

==Gabriela Krukowska==

众人见黛玉年纪虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面貌虽弱不胜衣，却有一段风流态度，便知他有不足之症。因问：“常服何药?为何不治好了？”黛玉道：“我自来如此，从会吃饭时便吃药，到如今了，经过多少名医，总未见效。那一年我才三岁，记得来了一个癞头和尚，说要化我去出家。我父母自是不从，他又说：‘既舍不得他，但只怕他的病一生也不能好的!若要好时，除非从此以后总不许见哭声，除父母之外，凡有外亲一概不见，方可平安了此一生。’这和尚疯疯癫癫说了这些不经之谈，也没人理他。如今还是吃人参养荣丸。”贾母道：“这正好，我这里正配丸药呢，叫他们多配一料就是了。”
Daiyu is described as a young individual with good manners despite a frail physical appearance, suggesting an underlying health issue. When questioned about the medications taken, Daiyu explains that despite taking medicine since early childhood and consulting numerous doctors, there has been no improvement. Daiyu recalls a peculiar incident at the age of three when a disheveled monk suggested making him a monk under specific conditions, including not crying and avoiding contact with anyone other than parents. Despite the monk's eccentric advice, Daiyu dismisses it, stating that he still adheres to a regimen of healthy food. Jia mother responds by offering more ingredients for the pills, indicating a continued effort to address Daiyu's health issues.

==Julia Dereżyńska==

一语未完，只听后院中有笑语声，说：“我来迟了，没得迎接远客！”黛玉思忖道：“这些人个个皆敛声屏气如此，这来者是谁，这样放诞无礼？”心下想时，只见一群媳妇丫鬟拥着一个丽人从后房进来。这个人打扮与姑娘们不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子。头上戴着金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着朝阳五凤挂珠钗，项上戴着赤金盘螭缨络圈，身上穿着缕金百蝶穿花大红云缎窄袄，外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂，下着翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶掉梢眉，身量苗条，体格风骚，粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。黛玉连忙起身接见。贾母笑道：“你不认得他：他是我们这里有名的一个泼辣货，南京所谓‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”黛玉正不知以何称呼，众姊妹都忙告诉黛玉道：“这是琏二嫂子。”黛玉虽不曾识面，听见他母亲说过：大舅贾赦之子贾琏，娶的就是二舅母王氏的内侄女；自幼假充男儿教养，学名叫做王熙凤。黛玉忙陪笑见礼，以“嫂”呼之。

==Karol Perka==

这熙凤携着黛玉的手，上下细细打量一回，便仍送至贾母身边坐下，因笑道：“天下真有这样标致人儿!我今日才算看见了!况且这通身的气派竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的，怨不得老祖宗天天嘴里心里放不下。只可怜我这妹妹这么命苦，怎么姑妈偏就去世了呢！”说着便用帕拭泪。贾母笑道：“我才好了，你又来招我。你妹妹远路才来，身子又弱，也才劝住了，快别再提了。”熙凤听了，忙转悲为喜道：“正是呢!我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘了老祖宗了，该打，该打！”又忙拉着黛玉的手问道：“妹妹几岁了?可也上过学?现吃什么药?在这里别想家，要什么吃的、什么玩的，只管告诉我。丫头老婆们不好，也只管告诉我。”黛玉一一答应。一面熙凤又问人：“林姑娘的东西可搬进来了?带了几个人来?你们赶早打扫两间屋子，叫他们歇歇儿去。”说话
时已摆了果茶上来，熙凤亲自布让。又见二舅母问他：“月钱放完了没有？”熙凤道：“放完了。刚才带了人到后楼上找缎子，找了半日也没见昨儿太太说的那个。
想必太太记错了。”王夫人道：“有没有，什么要紧。”因又说道：“该随手拿出
两个来给你这妹妹裁衣裳啊。等晚上想着再叫人去拿罢。”熙凤道：“我倒先料着
了。知道妹妹这两日必到，我已经预备下了，等太太回去过了目，好送来。”王夫
人一笑，点头不语。

==Karolina Englert==

当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带黛玉去见两个舅舅去。维时贾赦之妻邢氏
忙起身笑回道：“我带了外甥女儿过去，到底便宜些。”贾母笑道：“正是呢。你
也去罢，不必过来了。”那邢夫人答应了，遂带着黛玉和王夫人作辞，大家送至穿
堂。垂花门前早有众小厮拉过一辆翠幄清油车来，邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们
放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起。拉至宽处，驾上驯骡，出了西角门往东，过荣府正门，
入一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前方下了车。邢夫人挽着黛玉的手进入院中，黛玉度其
处必是荣府中之花园隔断过来的。进入三层仪门，果见正房、厢房、游廊，悉皆小
巧别致，不似那边的轩峻壮丽，且院中随处之树木山石皆好。及进入正室，早有许
多艳妆丽服之姬妾丫鬟迎着。邢夫人让黛玉坐了，一面令人到外书房中请贾赦。一
时回来说：“老爷说：‘连日身上不好，见了姑娘彼此伤心，暂且不忍相见。劝姑
娘不必伤怀想家，跟着老太太和舅母，是和家里一样的。姐妹们虽拙，大家一处作
伴，也可以解些烦闷。或有委屈之处，只管说，别外道了才是。’”黛玉忙站起身
来，一一答应了。再坐一刻便告辞，邢夫人苦留吃过饭去。黛玉笑回道：“舅母爱
惜赐饭，原不应辞，只是还要过去拜见二舅舅，恐去迟了不恭，异日再领：望舅母
容谅。”邢夫人道：“这也罢了。”遂命两个嬷嬷用方才坐来的车送过去。于是黛
玉告辞。邢夫人送至仪门前，又嘱咐了众人几句，眼看着车去了方回来。

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==

一时黛玉进入荣府，下了车，只见一条大甬路直接出大门来。众嬷嬷引着便往
东转弯，走过一座东西穿堂、向南大厅之后，仪门内大院落，上面五间大正房，两
边厢房鹿顶，耳门钻山，四通八达，轩昂壮丽，比各处不同。黛玉便知这方是正内
室。进入堂屋，抬头迎面先见一个赤金九龙青地大匾，匾上写着斗大三个字，是“荣
禧堂”；后有一行小字：“某年月日书赐荣国公贾源”，又有“万几宸翰”之宝。
大紫檀雕螭案上设着三尺多高青绿古铜鼎，悬着待漏随朝墨龙大画，一边是錾金
彝，一边是玻璃盆。地下两溜十六张楠木圈椅。又有一副对联，乃是乌木联牌镶着
錾金字迹，道是：
座上珠玑昭日月，
堂前黼黻焕烟霞。
下面一行小字是：“世教弟勋袭东安郡王穆莳拜手书。”原来王夫人时常居坐宴息
也不在这正室中，只在东边的三间耳房内。于是嬷嬷们引黛玉进东房门来。临窗大
炕上铺着猩红洋毯，正面设着大红金钱蟒引枕，秋香色金钱蟒大条褥，两边设一对
梅花式洋漆小几，左边几上摆着文王鼎，鼎旁匙箸香盒，右边几上摆着汝窑美人觚，
里面插着时鲜花草。地下面西一溜四张大椅，都搭着银红撒花椅搭，底下四副脚踏；
两边又有一对高几，几上茗碗瓶花俱备。其馀陈设，不必细说。老嬷嬷让黛玉上炕
坐。炕沿上却也有两个锦褥对设。黛玉度其位次，便不上炕，只就东边椅上坐了。
本房的丫鬟忙捧上茶来。黛玉一面吃了，打量这些丫鬟们妆饰衣裙、举止行动，果
与别家不同。

==Malwina Filipowicz==

茶未吃了，只见一个穿红绫袄青绸掐牙背心的一个丫鬟走来笑道：“太太说：
请林姑娘到那边坐罢。”老嬷嬷听了，于是又引黛玉出来，到了东南三间小正房内。
正面炕上横设一张炕桌，上面堆着书籍茶具，靠东壁面西设着半旧的青缎靠背引
枕。王夫人却坐在西边下首，亦是半旧青缎靠背坐褥，见黛玉来了，便往东让。黛
玉心中料定这是贾政之位，因见挨炕一溜三张椅子上也搭着半旧的弹花椅袱，黛玉
便向椅上坐了。王夫人再三让他上炕，他方挨王夫人坐下。王夫人因说：“你舅舅
今日斋戒去了，再见罢。只是有句话嘱咐你：你三个姐妹倒都极好，以后一处念书
认字，学针线，或偶一玩笑，却都有个尽让的。我就只一件不放心：我有一个孽根
祸胎，是家里的‘混世魔王’，今日因往庙里还愿去，尚未回来，晚上你看见就知
道了。你以后总不用理会他，你这些姐姐妹妹都不敢沾惹他的。”黛玉素闻母亲说
过，有个内侄乃衔玉而生，顽劣异常，不喜读书，最喜在内帏厮混，外祖母又溺爱，
无人敢管。今见王夫人所说，便知是这位表兄，一面陪笑道：“舅母所说，可是衔
玉而生的?在家时记得母亲常说，这位哥哥比我大一岁，小名就叫宝玉，性虽憨顽，
说待姊妹们却是极好的。况我来了，自然和姊妹们一处，弟兄们是另院别房，岂有
沾惹之理？”王夫人笑道：“你不知道原故：他和别人不同，自幼因老太太疼爱，
原系和姐妹们一处娇养惯了的。若姐妹们不理他，他倒还安静些；若一日姐妹们和
他多说了一句话，他心上一喜，便生出许多事来。所以嘱咐你别理会他。他嘴里一
时甜言蜜语，一时有天没日，疯疯傻傻，只休信他。”黛玉一一的都答应着。

==Paweł Andraszak==

忽见一个丫鬟来说：“老太太那里传晚饭了。”王夫人忙携了黛玉出后房门，
由后廊往西。出了角门，是一条南北甬路，南边是倒座三间小小抱厦厅，北边立着
一个粉油大影壁，后有一个半大门，小小一所房屋。王夫人笑指向黛玉道：“这是
你凤姐姐的屋子。回来你好往这里找他去，少什么东西只管和他说就是了。”这院
门上也有几个才总角的小厮，都垂手侍立。王夫人遂携黛玉穿过一个东西穿堂，便
是贾母的后院了。于是进入后房门，已有许多人在此伺候，见王夫人来，方安设桌
椅。贾珠之妻李氏捧杯，熙凤安箸，王夫人进羹。贾母正面榻上独坐，两旁四张空
椅。熙凤忙拉黛玉在左边第一张椅子上坐下，黛玉十分推让。贾母笑道：“你舅母
和嫂子们是不在这里吃饭的。你是客，原该这么坐。”黛玉方告了坐，就坐了。贾
母命王夫人也坐了。迎春姊妹三个告了坐方上来，迎春坐右手第一，探春左第二，
惜春右第二。旁边丫鬟执着拂尘、漱盂、巾帕，李纨、凤姐立于案边布让；外间伺
候的媳妇丫鬟虽多，却连一声咳嗽不闻。饭毕，各各有丫鬟用小茶盘捧上茶来。当
日林家教女以惜福养身，每饭后必过片时方吃茶，不伤脾胃；今黛玉见了这里许多
规矩，不似家中，也只得随和些，接了茶。又有人捧过漱盂来，黛玉也漱了口，又
盥手毕。然后又捧上茶来，这方是吃的茶。贾母便说：“你们去罢，让我们自在说
说话儿。”王夫人遂起身，又说了两句闲话儿，方引李、凤二人去了。

==Natalia Gloc==

贾母因问黛玉念何书。黛玉道：“刚念了《四书》。”黛玉又问姊妹们读何书，
贾母道：“读什么书，不过认几个字罢了。”一语未了，只听外面一阵脚步响，丫
鬟进来报道：“宝玉来了。”黛玉心想，这个宝玉不知是怎样个惫懒人呢。及至进
来一看，却是位青年公子：头上戴着束发嵌宝紫金冠，齐眉勒着二龙戏珠金抹额，
一件二色金百蝶穿花大红箭袖，束着五彩丝攒花结长穗宫绦，外罩石青起花八团倭
缎排穗褂，登着青缎粉底小朝靴。面若中秋之月，色如春晓之花，鬓若刀裁，眉如
墨画，鼻如悬胆，睛若秋波，虽怒时而似笑，即视而有情。项上金螭缨络，又有
一根五色丝绦，系着一块美玉。黛玉一见便吃一大惊，心中想道：“好生奇怪，倒
像在那里见过的，何等眼熟！”只见这宝玉向贾母请了安，贾母便命：“去见你娘
来。”即转身去了。一回再来时，已换了冠带，头上周围一转的短发都结成小辫，
红丝结束，共攒至顶中胎发，总编一根大辫，黑亮如漆，从顶至梢，一串四颗大珠，
用金八宝坠脚。身上穿着银红撒花半旧大袄，仍旧带着项圈、宝玉、寄名锁、护身
符等物，下面半露松绿撒花绫裤，锦边弹墨袜，厚底大红鞋。越显得面如傅粉，唇
若施脂，转盼多情，语言若笑。天然一段风韵，全在眉梢；平生万种情思，悉堆眼
角。看其外貌最是极好，却难知其底细，后人有《西江月》二词，批的极确。词曰：
　　无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂。纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原
来草莽。潦倒不通庶务，愚顽怕读文章。行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤。
又曰：
　　富贵不知乐业，贫穷难耐凄凉。可怜辜负好时光，于国于家无望。天下无能第
一，古今不肖无双。寄言纨与膏粱：莫效此儿形状!
　　却说贾母见他进来，笑道：“外客没见就脱了衣裳了，还不去见你妹妹呢。”
宝玉早已看见了一个袅袅婷婷的女儿，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来见礼。归了坐细
看时，真是与众各别。只见：
　　两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。
泪光点点，娇喘微微。闲静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如
西子胜三分。
宝玉看罢，笑道：“这个妹妹我曾见过的。”贾母笑道：“又胡说了，你何曾见过？”
宝玉笑道：“虽没见过，却看着面善，心里倒像是远别重逢的一般。”贾母笑道：
“好，好!这么更相和睦了。”

==Sandra Piechowiak==

宝玉便走向黛玉身边坐下，又细细打量一番，因问：“妹妹可曾读书？”黛玉
道：“不曾读书，只上了一年学，些须认得几个字。”宝玉又道：“妹妹尊名？”
黛玉便说了名，宝玉又道：“表字？”黛玉道：“无字。”宝玉笑道：“我送妹妹
一字：莫若‘颦颦’二字极妙。”探春便道：“何处出典？”宝玉道：“《古今人
物通考》上说：‘西方有石名黛，可代画眉之墨。’况这妹妹眉尖若蹙，取这个字
岂不美？”探春笑道：“只怕又是杜撰。”宝玉笑道：“除了《四书》，杜撰的也
太多呢。”因又问黛玉：“可有玉没有？”众人都不解。黛玉便忖度着：“因他有
玉，所以才问我的。”便答道：“我没有玉。你那玉也是件稀罕物儿，岂能人人皆
有？”宝玉听了，登时发作起狂病来，摘下那玉就狠命摔去，骂道：“什么罕物!
人的高下不识，还说灵不灵呢!我也不要这劳什子！”吓的地下众人一拥争去拾玉。
贾母急的搂了宝玉道“孽障!你生气要打骂人容易，何苦摔那命根子！”宝玉满面
泪痕哭道：“家里姐姐妹妹都没有，单我有，我说没趣儿；如今来了这个神仙似的
妹妹也没有，可知这不是个好东西。”贾母忙哄他道：“你这妹妹原有玉来着。因
你姑妈去世时，舍不得你妹妹，无法可处，遂将他的玉带了去，一则全殉葬之礼，
尽你妹妹的孝心；二则你姑妈的阴灵儿也可权作见了你妹妹了。因此他说没有，也
是不便自己夸张的意思啊。你还不好生带上，仔细你娘知道！”说着便向丫鬟手中
接来亲与他带上。宝玉听如此说，想了一想，也就不生别论。

==Wiktoria Wolny==

当下奶娘来问黛玉房舍，贾母便说：“将宝玉挪出来，同我在套间暖阁里，把
你林姑娘暂且安置在碧纱厨里。等过了残冬，春天再给他们收拾房屋，另作一番安
置罢。”宝玉道：“好祖宗，我就在碧纱厨外的床上很妥当。又何必出来，闹的老
祖宗不得安静呢？”贾母想一想说：“也罢了。”每人一个奶娘并一个丫头照管，
馀者在外间上夜听唤。一面早有熙凤命人送了一顶藕合色花帐并锦被缎褥之类。黛
玉只带了两个人来，一个是自己的奶娘王嬷嬷，一个是十岁的小丫头，名唤雪雁。
贾母见雪雁甚小，一团孩气，王嬷嬷又极老，料黛玉皆不遂心，将自己身边一个二
等小丫头名唤鹦哥的与了黛玉。亦如迎春等一般，每人除自幼乳母外，另有四个教
引嬷嬷，除贴身掌管钗钏盥沐两个丫头外，另有四五个洒扫房屋来往使役的小丫
头。当下王嬷嬷与鹦哥陪侍黛玉在碧纱厨内，宝玉乳母李嬷嬷并大丫头名唤袭人的
陪侍在外面大床上。原来这袭人亦是贾母之婢，本名蕊珠，贾母因溺爱宝玉，恐宝
玉之婢不中使，素喜蕊珠心地纯良，遂与宝玉。宝玉因知他本姓花，又曾见旧人诗
句有“花气袭人”之句，遂回明贾母，即把蕊珠更名袭人。

==Zyta Rydz==

却说袭人倒有些痴处：伏侍贾母时，心中只有贾母；如今跟了宝玉，心中又只
有宝玉了。只因宝玉性情乖僻，每每规谏，见宝玉不听，心中着实忧郁。是晚宝玉
李嬷嬷已睡了，他见里面黛玉鹦哥犹未安歇，他自卸了妆，悄悄的进来，笑问：“姑
娘怎么还不安歇？”黛玉忙笑让：“姐姐请坐。”袭人在床沿上坐了。鹦哥笑道：
“林姑娘在这里伤心，自己淌眼抹泪的，说：‘今儿才来了，就惹出你们哥儿的病
来。倘或摔坏了那玉，岂不是因我之过！’所以伤心，我好容易劝好了。”袭人道：
“姑娘快别这么着!将来只怕比这更奇怪的笑话儿还有呢。若为他这种行状你多心
伤感，只怕你还伤感不了呢。快别多心。”黛玉道：“姐姐们说的，我记着就是了。”
又叙了一回，方才安歇。
　　次早起来省过贾母，因往王夫人处来。正值王夫人与熙凤在一处拆金陵来的书
信，又有王夫人的兄嫂处遣来的两个媳妇儿来说话。黛玉虽不知原委，探春等却晓
得是议论金陵城中居住的薛家姨母之子——表兄薛蟠，倚财仗势，打死人命，现在
应天府案下审理。如今舅舅王子腾得了信，遣人来告诉这边，意欲唤取进京之意。
　　毕竟怎的，下回分解。

Outlaws of the Marsh

2023-12-07T07:31:50Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

=The original text of "Outlaws of the Marsh"=

Full text: [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/23863]

Title: 水浒传（Outlaws of the Marsh)

Author: 施耐庵 (Shi Nai'an)

Presentation: [https://uam-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g/personal/julder1_st_amu_edu_pl/EZ0cKWssZ5BDr0ZIbDNXgzUBq7HjpI8AJkE1CTACxGnJIQ?e=ap6hYF]

=楔子　張天師祈禳瘟疫　洪太尉誤走妖魔=
This is the prologue to the novel, it talks about the freeing of Demons by mistake.

==Aleksandra Urbańska==
紛紛五代亂離間，一旦雲開復見天！草木百年新雨露，車書萬里舊江山。尋常巷陌陳羅綺，幾處樓臺奏管絃。天下太平無事日，鶯花無限日高眠。
話說這八句詩乃是故宋神宗天子朝中一個名儒，姓邵，諱堯夫，道號康節先生所作；為歎五代殘唐，天下干戈不息。那時朝屬梁，暮屬晉，正謂是：
朱李石劉郭，梁唐晉漢周：都來十五帝，播亂五十秋。
後來感得天道循環，向甲馬營中生下太祖武德皇帝來，這朝聖人出世，紅光滿天，異香經宿不散，乃是上界霹靂大仙下降。英雄勇猛，智量寬洪，自古帝王都不及這朝天子，一條桿棒等身齊，打四百座軍州都姓趙！那天子掃清寰宇，蕩靜中原，國號大宋，建都汴梁，九朝八帝班頭，四百年開基帝主。因此上，邵堯夫先生讚道：「一旦雲開復見天！」正如教百姓再見天日之面

After the Five Dynasties reign time finally over, the world was finally at peace and tranquility. A poet Shao Yaofu (or Master Kang Jie) wrote a poem about the dynasties, emperors and the turmoil. But after some time Tai Zu (the emperor that valued military) was born, there were a lot of strange happenings when he came into this world. He was actually the God of Thunder. With his strength he made all the prefectures acknowledge him and pacified them. He founded Song Dynasty and resided in Bianliang. Shao Yaofu in his poem praised Tai Zu and said that he was the new hope of the people.

==Anna Proskura==
那時西嶽華山有個陳摶處士，是個道高有德之人，能辨風雲氣色。一日，騎驢下山，向那華陰道中正行之間，聽得路上客人傳說：「如今東京柴世宗讓位與趙檢點登基。」那陳摶先生聽得，心中歡喜，以手加額，在驢背上大笑，顛下驢來。人問其故。那先生道：「天下從此定矣！正乃上合天心，下合地理，中合人和。」
自庚申年間受禪，開基即位，在位一十七年，天下太平，傳位與御弟太宗。太宗皇帝在位二十二年，傳位與真宗皇帝，真宗又傳位與仁宗。這仁宗皇帝乃是上界赤腳大仙；降生之時，晝夜啼哭不止。朝廷出給黃榜，召人醫治，感動天庭，差遣太白金星下界，化作一老叟前來揭了黃榜，自言能止太子啼哭。看榜官員引至殿下朝見真宗。天子聖旨，教進內苑看視太子。那老叟直至宮中，抱著太子耳邊低低說了八個字，太字便不啼哭。那老叟不言姓名，只見化陣清風而去。

On Huashan lived a great righteous man who could predict the future by the weather. One day, while descending from the mountains on a donkey on the way to Huayin, he heard traveller say: “Emperor Chai Shi Zong has surrendered his throne in the Eastern Capital to Marshal Zhao.” Hearing this, Chen Tuan laughed so hard that he fell off the donkey and said: “Now peace will reign in the Empire! Truly this is the will of heaven, the laws of the earth and the desire of people.” Upon ascending the throne, Marshal Zhao established his regime. He ruled for seventeen years, and peace reigned throughout the entire land. Then he passed the reigns to his brother Taizong. Emperor Taizong, in turn, left the throne to Emperor Zhenzong, who was succeeded by Renzong. Emperor Renzong was born, cried, and cried days and nights for many years. The imperial court posted a proclamation, inviting the best physicians to cure Renzong. This touched Heaven, and he sent the Great Star of White Gold to earth. On earth, the Great Star of White Gold took the form of an old man who announced that he could cure the the prince's crying. The old man approached the baby, took him in his arms and whispered eight words in his ear, after which the baby immediately stopped crying. The old man disappeared as if he had never been there.

==Asia Zawada==
耳邊道八個甚字？道是：「文有文曲，武有武曲。」端的是玉帝差遣紫微宮中兩座星辰下來輔佐這朝天子！文曲星乃是南衙開封府主龍圖閣大學士包拯。武曲星乃是征西夏國大元帥狄青。這兩個賢臣出來輔佐這朝皇帝，在位四十二年，改了九個年號。自天聖元年癸亥登基，至天聖九年，那時天下太平，五穀豐登，萬民樂業，路不拾遺，戶不夜閉，這九年謂之一登；自明道元年，至皇祐三年，這九年亦是豐富，謂之二登；自皇祐四年，至嘉祐二年，這九年田禾大熟，謂之三登。一連三九二十七年，號為「三登之世。」那時百姓受了些快樂，誰道樂極悲生：嘉祐三年春間，天下瘟疫盛行。自江南直至兩京，無一處人民不染此證。天下各州各府雪片也似申奏將來。
且說東京城裏城外軍民死亡大半。開封府主包待制親將惠民和濟局方，自出俸資合藥，救治萬民。那裏醫治得，瘟疫越盛。文武百官商議，都向待漏院中聚會，伺候早朝，奏聞天子。

After whispering those eight words, two ministers, Bao Zheng and Di Qing were chosen. They helped Ren Zong to rule for forty- two years, which were divided into nine periods and later named. After years of prosperity, grief, sorrow and plague were born. So many died that Bao Zheng spent his own many to save them. High officials decided to conferred with each other and waited for the emperor to talk to him.

==Edyta Skorupa==
是日，嘉祐三年三月三日，五更三點，天子駕坐紫宸殿，受百官朝賀已畢，當有殿頭官喝道：「有事出班早奏，無事卷簾退朝。」只見班部叢中，宰相趙哲、參政文彥博，出班奏曰：「目今京師瘟疫盛行，傷損軍民甚多。伏望陛下，釋罪寬恩，省刑薄稅，祈禳天災，救濟萬民。」天子聽奏，急敕翰林院隨即草詔，一面降赦天下罪囚，應有民間稅賦悉皆赦免；一面命在京宮觀寺院修設好事禳災。
不料其年瘟疫轉盛。仁宗天子聞知，龍體不安，復會百官計議。向那班部中，有一大臣，越班啓奏。天子看時，乃是參知政事范仲淹。拜罷起居，奏曰：「目今天災盛行，軍民塗炭，日夕不能聊生。以臣愚意：要禳此災，可宣嗣漢天師星夜臨朝，就京禁院，修設三千六百分羅天大醮，奏聞上帝，可以禳保民間瘟疫。」仁宗天子准奏。急令翰林學士草詔一道，天子御筆親書，並降御香一柱，欽差內外提點殿前太尉洪信爲天使，前往江西信州龍虎山，宣請嗣漢天師張真人星夜來朝祈禳瘟疫。

==Ada Dan==
就金殿上焚起御香，親將丹詔付與洪太尉，即便登程前去。
洪信領了聖敕，辭別天子，背了詔書，盛了御香，帶了數十人，上了鋪馬，一行部從，離了東京，取路逕投信州貴溪縣來。不止一日，來到江西信州。大小官員出郭迎接。隨即差人報知龍虎山上清宮住持道衆，準備接詔。次日，衆位官同送太尉到於龍虎山下。只見上清宮許多道衆，鳴鍾擊鼓，香花燈燭，幢幡寶蓋，一派仙樂，都下山來迎接丹詔，直至上清宮前下馬。
當下上至住持真人，下及道童侍從，前迎後引，接至三清殿上，請將詔書居中供養著。洪太尉便間監宮真人道：「天師今在何處？」住持真人向前稟道：「好教太尉得知：這代祖師號曰虛靖天師，性好清高，倦於迎送；自向龍虎山頂結一茅庵，修真養性；因此不住本宮。」太尉道：「目今天子宣詔，如何得見真人？」真人答道：「容稟：詔敕權供在殿上，貧道等亦不敢開讀。且請太尉到方丈獻茶，再煩計議。」當時將丹詔供養在三清殿上，與衆官都到方丈。

Hong receives the imperial edict from the emperor and sets off on his mission. Dozens of men accompany him and he carries a fragnant incense in a golden box. The column of men heads to Guixi in Xinzhou. Next, they arrive at Dragon and Tiger Mountain, where all members of the Temple of Supreme Purity wait for them. The taoists greet them with bells and drums, flowers, music, candles and banners. However, the Divine Teacher is not there. The monk explains that the Teacher meditates on the top of the mountain and cannot be bothered with mundane things. Therefore, Hong leaves the imperial edict on an altair and decides to drink some tea with the abbot.

☕⋆.ೃ࿔*:･⋆｡✩°☽˚｡⋆

==Ewa Kopania==
太尉居中坐下，執事人等獻茶，就進齋供，水陸俱備。齋罷，太尉再問真人道：「既然天師在山頂庵中，何下著人請將下來相見，開宣丹詔？」真人稟道：「這代祖師雖在山頂，其實道行非常：能駕霧興雲，蹤跡不定。貧道等時常亦難得見，怎生教人請得下來？」太尉道：「似此如何得見？目今京師瘟疫盛行，今上天子特遣下官齎捧御書丹詔，親捧龍香，來請天師，要做三千六百分羅天大醮以禳天災，救濟萬民。似此怎生奈何？」真人稟道：「天子要救萬民，只除是太尉辦一點志誠心，齋戒沐浴，更換布衣，休帶從人，自背詔書，焚燒御香，步行上山，禮拜叩請天師，方許得見。如若心不志誠，空走一遭，亦難得見。」太尉聽說，便道：「俺從京師食素到此，如何心不志誠？既然恁地，依著你說，明日絕早上山。」當晚各自權歇。

==Gabriela Krukowska==
次日五更時分，衆道士起來，備下香湯，請太尉起來沐浴。換了一身新鮮布衣；腳下穿上麻鞋草履；吃了素齋；取過丹詔，用黃羅包袱背在脊梁上；手裏提著銀手爐，降降地燒著御香。許多道衆人等，送到後山，指與路徑。真人又稟道：「太尉要救萬民，休生退悔之心，只顧志誠上去。」太尉別了衆人，口誦天尊寶號，縱步上山來。獨自一個，行了一回，盤坡轉徑，攬葛攀藤。約莫走過了數個山頭，三二里多路，看看腳酸腿軟，正走不動，口裏不說，肚裏躊躇；心中想道：「我是朝廷貴官，在京師時重裀而臥，列鼎而食，尚兀自倦怠，何曾穿草鞋，走這般山路！知他天師在那裏！卻教下官受這般苦！」又行不到三五十步，掇著肩氣喘，只見山凹裏起一陣風。風過處，向那松樹背後奔雷也似吼一聲，撲地跳出一個吊猜白額錦毛大蟲來。
The lieutenant, guided by Taoist priests, undergoes a ceremonial transformation at five o'clock the next day. Dressed in fresh attire with hemp and grass shoes, he consumes vegetarian food, carries ceremonial items, and ascends a mountain alone. Despite physical exhaustion, he reflects on the challenges of his journey and questions the necessity of wearing straw shoes. As he struggles with the terrain, he encounters a mysterious occurence — a gust of wind, a thunderous roar from behind a pine tree, and the emergence of a large bug with a white forehead.

==Karol Perka==
洪太尉吃了一驚，叫聲：「阿呀！」撲地望後便倒。那大蟲望著洪太尉，左盤右旋，咆哮了一回，托地望後山坡下跳了去。洪太尉倒在樹根底下，唬的三十六個牙齒，捉對兒廝打，那心頭一似十五個吊桶，七上八落的響，渾身卻如中風麻木，兩腿一似鬥敗公雞；口裏連聲叫苦。
大蟲去了一盞茶時，方纔爬將起來，再收拾地上香爐，還把龍香燒著，再上山來，務要尋見天師。又行過三五十步，口裏歎了數口氣，怨道：「皇帝御限，差俺來這裏，教我受這場驚恐！」說猶未了，只覺得那裏又一陣風。吹得毒氣直沖將來。太尉定睛看時，山邊竹藤裏，簌簌地響，搶出一條弔桶大小、雪花也似蛇來。太尉見了，又喫一驚，撇了手爐，叫一聲：「我今番死也！」望後便倒在盤陀石邊。但見那條大蛇，逕搶到盤陀石邊，朝著洪太尉盤做一堆，兩隻眼迸出金光，張開巨口，吐出舌頭，噴那毒氣在洪太尉臉上。驚得太尉三魂蕩蕩，七魄悠悠。

==Karolina Englert==
那蛇看了洪太尉一回，望山下一溜，卻早不見了。太尉方纔爬得起來，說道：「慚愧！驚殺下官！」看身上時，寒粟子比餛飩兒大小。口裏罵那道士：「叵耐無禮，戲弄下官！教俺受這般驚恐！若山上尋不見天師，下去和他別有話說。」再拿了銀提爐，整頓身上詔敕並衣服，巾幀，卻待再要上山去。
正欲移步，只聽得松樹背後，隱隱地笛聲吹響，漸漸近來。太尉定睛看時，但見一個道童，倒騎著一頭黃牛，橫吹著一管鐵笛，笑吟吟地正過山來。洪太尉見了，便喚那個道童：「你從那裏來？認得我麽？」道童不睬，只顧吹笛。太尉連間數聲。道童呵呵大笑，拿著鐵笛，指著洪太尉，說道：「你來此問，莫非要見天師麽？」太尉大驚，便道：「你是牧童，如何得知？」道童笑道：「我早間在草庵中伏侍天師，聽得天師說道：『今上皇帝差個洪太尉齎擎丹詔御香到來山中，宣我往東京做三千六百分羅天大醮，祈禳天下瘟疫。我如今乘鶴駕雲去也。』這早晚想是去了，不在庵中。你休上去，山內毒蟲猛獸極多，恐傷害了你性命。」

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
太尉再問道：「你不要說謊？」道童笑了一聲，也不回應，又吹著鐵笛，轉過山坡去了。太尉尋思道：「這小的如何盡知此事？想是天師分付他？一定是了。」欲待再上山去；「方纔驚諕的苦，爭些兒送了性命，不如下山去罷。」
太尉拿著提爐，再尋舊路，奔下山來。衆道士接著，請至方丈坐下。真人便問太尉道：「曾見天師麽？」太尉說道：「我是朝中貴官，如何教俺走得山路，喫了這般辛苦，爭些兒送了性命！爲頭上至半山裏，跳出一隻吊睛白額大蟲，驚得下官魂魄都沒了；又行不過一個山嘴，竹藤裏搶出一條雪花大蛇來，盤做一堆，攔住去路！若不是俺福分大，如何得性命回京？儘是你這道衆，戲弄下官！」
真人覆道：「貧道等怎敢輕慢大臣？這是祖師試探太尉之心。本山雖有蛇虎，並不傷人。」

==Malwina Filipowicz==
太尉又道：「我正走不動，方欲再上山坡，只見松樹傍邊，轉出一個道童，騎著一頭黃牛，吹著管鐵笛，正過山來。我便間他：『那裏來？識得俺麽？』他道：『已都知了。』說天師分付，早晨乘鶴駕雲往東京去了，下官因此回來。」真人道：「太尉！可惜錯過！這個牧童正是天師！」太尉道：「他既是天師，如何這等猥瑣？」真人答道：「這代天師非同小可，雖然年幼，其實道行非常。他是額外之人，四方顯化，極是靈驗。世人皆稱爲道通祖師。」
洪太尉道：「我直如此有眼不識真師，當面錯過！」真人道：「太尉，且請放心。既然祖師法旨道是去了，比及太尉回京之日，這場醮事，祖師已都完了。」太尉見說，方纔放心。真人一面教安排筵宴管待太尉，請將丹詔收藏於御書匣內，留在上清宮中；龍香就三清殿上燒了。當日方丈內大排齋供，設宴飲酌。至晚席罷，止宿到曉。

==Natalia Gloc==
次日早膳已後，真人道衆並提點執事人等請太尉遊山。太尉大喜。許多人從跟隨著，步行出方丈，前面兩個道童引路，行至宮前宮後，看翫許多景致。三清殿上，富貴不可盡言。左廊下：九天殿，紫微殿，北極殿；右廊下：太乙殿，三官殿，驅邪殿。諸宮看遍，行到右廊後一所去處。洪太尉看時，另外一所殿宇：一遭都是搗椒紅泥牆，正面兩扇朱紅格子；門上使著肐膊大鎖鎖著，交叉上面貼著十數道封皮，封皮上又是重重疊疊使著朱印；詹前一面朱紅漆金字牌額，上書四個金字，寫道：「伏魔之殿。」
太尉指著門道：「此殿是甚麽去處？」真人答道：「此乃是前代老租天師鎖鎮魔王之殿。」太尉又問道：「如何上面重重疊疊貼著許多封皮？」真人答道：「此是老祖大唐洞玄國師封鎖魔王在此。但是經傳一代天師，親手便添一道封皮，使其子子孫孫不得妄開。走了魔君，非常利害。今經八九代祖師，誓不敢開。鎖用銅汁灌鑄，誰知裏面的事？小道自來住持本宮，三十餘年，也只聽聞。」

==Paweł Andraszak==
洪太尉聽了，心中驚怪，想道：「我且試看魔王一看。」便對真人說道：「你且開門來，我看魔王甚麽模樣。」真人稟道：「太尉，此殿決下敢開！先祖天師叮嚀告戒：今後諸人不許擅開。」太尉笑道：「胡說！你等要妄生怪事，煽惑良民，故意安排這等去處，假稱鎖鎮魔王，顯耀你們道術。我讀一鑑之書，何曾見鎖魔之法？神鬼之道，處隔幽冥，我不信有魔王在內。快快與我打開，我看魔王如何。」
真人三回五次稟說：「此殿開不得，恐惹利害，有傷於人。」太尉大怒，指著道衆說道：「你等不開與我看，回到朝廷，先奏你們衆道土阻當宣詔，違別聖旨，不令我見天師的罪犯；後奏你等私設此殿，假稱鎖鎮魔王，煽惑軍民百姓。把你都追了度牒，刺配遠惡軍州受苦。」
真人等懼怕太尉權勢，只得喚幾個火工道人來，先把封皮揭了，將鐵錘打開大鎖。衆人把門推開，一齊都到殿內，黑洞洞不見一物。

Marshal Hong told the abbot that he wanted to see the demon who lives behind the locked door. The abbot refused him, telling that the early generation Divine Teacher has forbidden to open the doors. Marshal laughed at his response and told the abbot that it is a hoax which was deliberately invented in order to delude people and asked the abbot again to open these doors for him. The abbot refused, telling that it would mean disaster. The marshal threatened the abbot and told him that if he doesn't open the doors, he will be forced to report to the court that he prevented him from delivering the imperial edict and refused to let him see the Divine Teacher. Then he continued telling that he would have him all tattooed with the mark of the criminal and exiled to a wild, distant and deserted region.The abbot feared and asked some blacksmiths to break the lock. As soon as the doors were wide open, everyone entered the dark hall.

==Sandra Piechowiak==
太尉教從人取十數個火把點著，將來打一照時，四邊並無別物，只中央一個石碣，約高五六尺，下面石龜跌坐，大半陷在泥裏。照那石碣上時，前面都是龍章鳳篆，天書符籙，人皆不識；照那碑後時，卻有四個真字大書，鑿著「遇洪而開。」洪太尉看了這四個字，大喜，便對真人說道：「你等阻當我，卻怎地數百年前已註定我姓字在此？『遇洪而開，』分明是教我開看，卻何妨？我想這個魔王都只在石碣底下。汝等從人與我多喚幾個火工人等將鋤頭鐵鍬來掘開。」
真人慌忙諫道：「太尉，不可掘動，恐有利害，傷犯於人，不當穩便！」太尉大怒，喝道：「你等道衆省得甚麽！碣上分明鑿著遇我而開，你如何阻當？快與我喚人來開！」真人又三回五次稟道：「恐有不好。」太尉那裏肯聽。只得聚集衆人，先把石碣放倒，一齊併力掘那石龜，半日方才掘得起。

==Wiktoria Wolny==
又掘下去，只有三四尺深，見一片大青石板，方可丈圍。洪太尉叫再掘起來。真人又苦稟道：「不可掘動。」太尉那裏肯聽。衆人只得把石板一齊扛起。看時，石板底下，卻是一個萬丈深淺地穴。
只見穴內刮喇喇一聲響亮，那響非同小可。響亮過處，只見一道黑氣，從穴裏滾將起來，掀塌了半個殿角。那道黑氣，直沖上半天裏，空中散作百十道金光，望四面八方去了。衆人喫了一驚，發聲喊，撇下鋤頭鐵鍬，盡從殿內奔將出來，推倒顛翻無數。驚得洪太尉目瞪口呆，罔知所措，面色如上。奔到廊下，只見真人向前叫苦不迭。
太尉問道：「走了的卻是甚麽妖魔？」真人道：「太尉不知：此殿中，當初老祖天師洞玄真人傳下法符，囑付道：『此殿內鎮鎖著三十六員天罡星，七十二座地煞星，一共是一百單八個魔君在裏面。上立石碣，鑿著龍章鳳篆姓名，鎮住在此。若還放他出世，必惱下方生靈。』如今太尉放他走了，怎生是好！」當時洪太尉聽罷，渾身冷汗，捉顫不住；急急收拾行李，引了從人下山回京。真人並道眾送官已罷，自回宮內修理殿宇，豎立石碣，不在話下。

The group began digging and discovered a large stone slab. Despite the abbot's pleas, Marshal Hong ordered them to remove it. Once removed, a very deep pit was revealed, and then a loud tearing sound was heard, and a black cloud emerged from it. In a state of fear, everyone in the hall yelled and dropped their tools. They quickly ran out, causing chaos. Marshal Hong was shocked and stood there, unable to do anything. He hurried to the porch, where the abbot was lamenting. Hong asked about the demons who escaped. The abbot informed him that there was a warning in the hall about the demons. The warning mentioned that there were 108 demons imprisoned there, held down by a stone tablet inscribed with their names. If released, they would cause a lot of trouble. Hong had unknowingly released them, and now they needed to figure out what to do.

==Zyta Rydz==
再說洪太尉在途中分付從人，教把走妖魔一節休說與外人知道，恐天子知而見責。於路無話，星夜回至京師。進得汴梁城，聞人所說：「天師在東京禁院做了七晝夜好事，普施符籙，禳救災病，瘟疫盡消，軍民安泰，天師辭朝，乘鶴駕雲，自回龍虎山去了。」洪太尉次日早朝，見了天子，奏說：「天師乘鶴駕雲，先到京師；臣等驛站而來，纔得到此。」仁宗准奏，賞賜洪信，復還舊職，亦不在話下。
後來仁宗天子在位共四十二年晏駕，無有太子，傳位濮安懿王允讓之子，太宗皇帝嫡孫，立帝號曰英宗。在位四年，傳位與太子神宗。神宗在位一十八年，傳位與太子哲宗。那時天下太平，四方無事。
且住！若真個太平無事，今日開書演義又說著些甚麼？看官不要心慌，下文便有一部七十回正書，一百四十句題目，有分教：宛子城中藏猛虎，蓼兒洼內聚蛟龍。
畢竟如何緣故，且聽初回分解。
During the return trip, afraid that the emperor would reproach him, the marshal instructed his men to say nothing about the escape of the demons. They soon reached Bianliang. They were told that the Divine Teacher prayed so much and distributed many charms, so that the sick are cured and the plague is gone. He however was already gone from the city. Next morning, Marshal Hong reported to the emperor that The Divine Teacher mounted a crane and rode the clouds, so he arrived first and they had to march, that’s why they were so late. The Emperor rewarded the marshal and ordered him to resume his post. Emperor Ren Zong ruled for 42 years and died without any son, passing the throne to the son of Prince Yun Rang of Puan (grandson of Tai Zong). After 4 years of rule, he abdicated in favor of his son, Shen Zong, who reigned for 18 years and then gave the throne to his son Zhe Zong. It was a very peaceful time.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

2023-11-30T21:31:32Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==The original text of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"'==

Full text: [http://www.purepen.com/sgyy/]

Title: 三国演义（Romance of the Three Kingdoms)

Author: 罗贯中 (Luo Guanzhong)

'''Link to the presentation''': [https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1cqpeCpqAUlaEfSZ5mesNEDOy48oNfTC7/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=111274360681988563100&rtpof=true&sd=true]

What is this novel mainly about [https://www.europeanguanxi.com/post/the-romance-of-the-three-kingdoms-an-introduction]

In 168 A.D, the imperial court of the Han dynasty was dominated by corrupt eunuchs, which kept the emperor from exerting real power. This brought an unprecedented famine until 184 A.D, when a daoist cult led by three brothers, Zhang Jiao, Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang, had claimed that the house of Han lost their right to rule (known as the Mandate of Heaven 天命). They later staged an uprising which famously became known as the Yellow Turban Rebellion. The imperial armies sent to quell the rebellion were soon brought to their knees, so the court was forced to seek the aid of local warlords. Despite their ultimate failure, the Yellow Turbans highlighted a major flaw in the government: as warlords were growing stronger, central power was becoming weaker. In 189 A.D, the emperor died and left only two child heirs. Factions were created in support of each of the heirs and thus internal turmoil sparked at the palace, with many losing their heads or being forced into exile. At the end, in the capital Luoyang, a cruel warlord named Dong Zhuo 董卓, aided by the strongest warrior, Lü Bu 吕布, managed to take hold of power and placed the puppet emperor Liu Xie, later named Emperor Xian 宪皇帝, on the throne.

In the rest of China, the other warlords deeply resented Dong Zhuo 董卓, so they decided to form a coalition to overthrow him and to save the puppet emperor from being puppeted. Among them we find the protagonists of this story, which will eventually lead to the creation of the Three Kingdoms, such as Cao Cao 曹操, Liu Bei 刘备, and Sun Jian 孙坚. The coalition shaked the power of Dong Zhuo, but didn't manage to restore cohesion to the empire and this started a period going from 190 A.D. to 220 A.D in which hundreds of warlords fought and betrayed each other for power and lands. Here we have records of huge battles involving thousands and thousands of soldiers, epic duels between heroes and even some love stories.

In 220 A.D., Cao Cao 曹操 was the most prominent and powerful warlord. Soon after his death the same year, Cao Cao’s son, Cao Pi 曹丕, declared himself Emperor of Wei 魏, putting an end to the 400 years-long Han dynasty. As a reaction to this, Sun Jian’s son, Sun Quan 孙权, takes the title of Emperor of Wu 吴 , and Liu Bei 刘备, being a distant relative of the imperial house of Han, declares himself the emperor of the restorationist Shu-Han 蜀汉 dynasty, thus kickstarting the Three Kingdoms period. The creation of the Three Kingdoms goes alongside a generational shift: the main heroes and villains slowly begin to die in battle or because of old age, making way for their heirs. After a substantial term of balance, all three kingdoms begin suffering the same illness which doomed the Han dynasty: incompetence and corruption.

From this, a new faction begins brewing inside the Kingdom of Wei 魏 (which was the strongest among the three): the emperor's advisor Sima Yi 司马懿 and his sons usurp the throne and replace Wei 魏 with the Kingdom of Jin 晋. Their cunning and military strength allowed them to firstly conquer the kingdom of Shu-Han 蜀汉, and then, by the year 280 A.D., to capture the kingdom of Wu 吴, thus reuniting the entirety of China under the Jin dynasty.

==第五十四回吴国太佛寺看新郎　刘皇叔洞房续佳偶; 《三国演义》第五十五回玄德智激孙夫人　孔明二气周公瑾 (Chapter 54 & Chapter 55)==

'''Introduction to the text''': After the victory over Cao Cao 曹操 in the Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan 孙权 and Liu Bei 刘备 (known also as Xuande 玄德) began to compete for control over the Jingzhou. Liu Bei successfully took over the Jingzhou from Cao Cao, following Zhuge Liang's (诸葛亮) plan. Sun Quan was dissatisfied with this and repeatedly sent envoys demanding the transfer of the province. However, Liu Bei consistently dismissed the envoys on various pretexts. Sun Quan attempted different strategies to seize the province, with the most famous being the "Marriage Plan." Sun Quan planned to lure Liu Bei to him under the pretext of Liu Bei marrying his sister, Lady Sun (孙夫人), and then detain him as a hostage until the Jingzhou was handed over. However, the plot failed, and the newlyweds safely returned home. Zhou Yu 周瑜 made several attempts to take over the province, but each time, his plans were thwarted by Zhuge Liang.

==Aleksandra Urbańska==

肃作别下船而回，先到柴桑郡见周瑜。瑜问曰：“子敬讨荆州如何？”肃曰：“有文书在此。”呈与周瑜，瑜顿足曰：“子敬中诸葛之谋也！名为借地，实是混赖。他说取了西川便还，知他几时取西川？假如十年不得西川，十年不还？这等文书，如何中用，你却与他做保！他若不还时，必须连累足下，主公见罪奈何？”肃闻言，呆了半晌，曰：“恐玄德不负我。”瑜曰：“子敬乃诚实人也。刘备枭雄之辈，诸葛亮奸猾之徒，恐不似先生心地。”肃曰：“若此，如之奈何？”瑜曰：“子敬是我恩人，想昔日指囷相赠之情，如何不救你？你且宽心住数日，待江北探细的回，别有区处。”鲁肃跼蹐不安。过了数日，细作回报：“荆州城中扬起布幡做好事，城外别建新坟，军士各挂孝。”瑜惊问曰：“没了甚人？”细作曰：“刘玄德没了甘夫人，即日安排殡葬。瑜谓鲁肃曰：“吾计成矣：使刘备束手就缚，荆州反掌可得！”肃曰：“计将安出？”瑜曰：“刘备丧妻，必将续娶。主公有一妹，极其刚勇，侍婢数百，居常带刀，房中军器摆列遍满，虽男子不及。我今上书主公，教人去荆州为媒，说刘备来入赘。赚到南徐，妻子不能勾得，幽囚在狱中，却使人去讨荆州换刘备。等他交割了荆州城池，我别有主意。于子敬身上，须无事也。”鲁肃拜谢。

==Anna Proskura==

周瑜写了书呈，选快船送鲁肃投南徐见孙权，先说借荆州一事，呈上文书。权曰：“你却如此糊涂！这样文书，要他何用！”肃曰：“周都督有书呈在此，说用此计，可得荆州。”权看毕，点头暗喜，寻思谁人可去。猛然省曰：“非吕范不可。”遂召吕范至，谓曰：“近闻刘玄德丧妇。吾有一妹，欲招赘玄德为婿，永结姻亲，同心破曹，以扶汉室。非子衡不可为媒，望即往荆州一言。”范领命，即日收拾船只，带数个从人，望荆州来。却说玄德自没了甘夫人，昼夜烦恼。一日，正与孔明闲叙，人报东吴差吕范到来。孔明笑曰：“此乃周瑜之计，必为荆州之故。亮只在屏风后潜听。但有甚说话，主公都应承了。留来人在馆驿中歇，别作商议。”玄德教请吕范入。礼毕坐定，茶罢，玄德问曰：“子衡来，必有所谕？”范曰：“范近闻皇叔失偶，有一门好亲，故不避嫌，特来作媒。未知尊意若何？”玄德曰：“中年丧妻，大不幸也。骨肉未寒，安忍便议亲？”范曰：“人若无妻，如屋无梁，岂可中道而废人伦？吾主吴侯有一妹，美而贤，堪奉箕帚。若两家共结秦、晋之好，则曹贼不敢正视东南也。此事家国两便，请皇叔勿疑。但我国太吴夫人甚爱幼女，不肯远嫁，必求皇叔到东吴就婚。”

Zhou Yu wrote the letter and instructed Lu Su on a swift boat to bring it to Sun Quan. Soon Lu Su had been arrived at Sun Quan, discussed with him lending of Jingzhou and handed the letter. At first Sun Quan was displeased, but after Lu Su told him that this plan could help capture Jingzhou, and after reading the letter, he decided to send Lü Fan to Liu Bei to negotiate the marriage. Sun Quan said that he wanted to marry his younger sister to Liu Bei, to be related to him and to defeat Cao Cao by joint forces. Lü Fan accepted the command and on the same day, accompanied by several servants sailed to Jingzhou. Lü Fan, who came to the grieving Liu Bei, tries to persuade Liu Bei, who lost his wife to take as a wife the younger sister of Sun Quan.

==Asia Zawada==

玄德曰：“此事吴侯知否？”范曰：“不先禀吴侯，如何敢造次来说！”玄德曰：“吾年已半百，鬓发斑白；吴侯之妹，正当妙龄：恐非配偶。”范曰：“吴侯之妹，身虽女子，志胜男儿。常言：若非天下英雄，吾不事之。今皇叔名闻四海，正所谓淑女配君子，岂以年齿上下相嫌乎！”玄德曰：“公且少留，来日回报。”是日设宴相待，留于馆舍。至晚，与孔明商议。孔明曰：“来意亮已知道了。适间卜易，得一大吉大利之兆。主公便可应允。先教孙乾和吕范回见吴侯，面许已定，择日便去就亲。”玄德曰：“周瑜定计欲害刘备，岂可以身轻入危险之地？”孔明大笑曰：“周瑜虽能用计，岂能出诸葛亮之料乎！略用小谋，使周瑜半筹不展；吴侯之妹，又属主公；荆州万无一失。”玄德怀疑未决。孔明竟教孙乾往江南说合亲事。孙乾领了言语，与吕范同到江南，来见孙权。权曰：“吾愿将小妹招赘玄德，并无异心。”孙乾拜谢，回荆州见玄德，言：“吴侯专候主公去结亲。”玄德怀疑不敢往。孔明曰：“吾已定下三条计策，非子龙不可行也。”遂唤赵云近前，附耳言曰：“汝保主公入吴，当领此三个锦囊。囊中有三条妙计，依次而行。”即将三个锦囊，与云贴肉收藏，孔明先使人往东吴纳了聘，一切完备。

Liu Bei accuses Lü Fan of coming without the knowledge of Sun Quan to which he denies. Liu Bei arguments that he will not marry Sun Quan sister is that he is old and she is young. Lü Fan opposes, saying that the girl has a strong will and marriage to someone of Liu Bei’s fame would only be beneficial. Liu Bei asks for time to think and goes to Zhuge Liang to discuss the plan. Even though Liu Bei is cautious, the advisor is in favor of this union, argues that having Sun Quan’s sister will only help them. In the end Sun Qian was sent with the Lv Fan and the instructions. When Sun Qian returned it was to deliver the news that Sun Quan wants Liu Bei to live with his new wife’s family. Liu Bei still feared for his life. Zhuge Liang convinced him by ensuring that Liu Bei’s bodyguard, Zhao Yun, had three plans in three silken bags that will guide his action. After that Zhuge Liang send wedding gifts.

==Ada Dan==

时建安十四年冬十月。玄德与赵长、孙乾取快船十只，随行五百余人，离了荆州，前往南徐进发。荆州之事，皆听孔明裁处。玄德心中怏怏不安。到南徐州，船已傍岸，云曰：
“军师分付三条妙计，依次而行。今已到此，当先开第一个锦囊来看。”于是开囊看了计策。便唤五百随行军士，一一分付如此如此，众军领命而去，又教玄德先往见乔国老，那乔国老乃二乔之父，居于南徐。玄德牵羊担酒，先往拜见，说吕范为媒、娶夫人之事。随行五百军士，俱披红挂彩，入南徐买办物件，传说玄德入赘东吴，城中人尽知其事。孙权知玄德已到，教吕范相待，且就馆舍安歇。
却说乔国老既见玄德，便入见吴国太贺喜。国太曰：“有何喜事？”乔国老曰：“令爱已许刘玄德为夫人，今玄德已到，何故相瞒？”国太惊曰：“老身不知此事！”便使人请吴侯问虚实，一面先使人于城中探听。人皆回报：“果有此事。女婿已在馆驿安歇，五百随行军士都在城中买猪羊果品，准备成亲。做媒的女家是吕范，男家是孙乾，俱在馆驿中相待。”国太吃了一惊。少顷，孙权入后堂见母亲。国太捶胸大哭。权曰：“母亲何故烦恼？”国太曰：“你直如此将我看承得如无物！我姐姐临危之时，分付你甚么话来！”

Liu Bei along with his bodyguard Zhao Yun head to the south. Liu Bei feels anxious and uneasy, fearing something bad is about to happen. After arriving at Xuzhou, Zhao Yun opens the first silken bag with a strategy plan. After that, he summons 5 hundred soldiers dressed in red, who follow Liu Bei, making loud preparations for the wedding, buying pigs, sheep and fruits, so that whole city knows about the ceremony. Lu Fan is decided to be the matchmaker. Sun Quan’s mother, who doesn’t know about her son’s intrigue yet, starts worrying about the marriage and the fate of her daughter.

==Ewa Kopania==

孙权失惊曰：“母亲有话明说，何苦如此？”国太曰：“男大须婚，女大须嫁，古今常理。我为你母亲，事当禀命于我。你招刘玄德为婿，如何瞒我？女儿须是我的！”权吃了一惊，问曰：“那里得这话来？”国太曰：“若要不知，除非莫为。满城百姓，那一个不知？你倒瞒我！”乔国老曰：“老夫已知多日了，今特来贺喜。”权曰：“非也。此是周瑜之计，因要取荆州，故将此为名，赚刘备来拘囚在此，要他把荆州来换；若其不从，先斩刘备。此是计策，非实意也。”国太大怒，骂周瑜曰：“汝做六郡八十一州大都督，直恁无条计策去取荆州，却将我女儿为名，使美人计！杀了刘备，我女便是望门寡，明日再怎的说亲？须误了我女儿一世！你们好做作！”乔国老曰：“若用此计，便得荆州，也被天下人耻笑。此事如何行得！”说得孙权默然无语。国太不住口的骂周瑜。乔国老劝曰：“事已如此，刘皇叔乃汉室宗亲，不如真个招他为婿，免得出丑。”权曰：“年纪恐不相当。”国老曰：“刘皇叔乃当世豪杰，若招得这个女婿，也不辱了令妹。”国太曰：“我不曾认得刘皇叔。明日约在甘露寺相见：如不中我意，任从你们行事；若中我的意，我自把女儿嫁他！”孙权乃大孝之人，见母亲如此言语，随即应承，出外唤吕范，分付来日甘露寺方丈设宴，国太要见刘备。

==Gabriela Krukowska==

吕范曰：“何不令贾华部领三百刀斧手，伏于两廊；若国太不喜时，一声号举，两边齐出，将他拿下。”权遂唤贾华，分付预先准备，只看国太举动。却说乔国老辞吴国太归，使人去报玄德，言：“来日吴侯、国太亲自要见，好生在意！”玄德与孙乾、赵云商议。云曰：“来日此会，多凶少吉，云自引五百军保护。”次日，吴国太、乔国老先在甘露寺方丈里坐定。孙权引一班谋士，随后都到，却教吕范来馆驿中请玄德。玄德内披细铠，外穿棉袍，从人背剑紧随，上马投甘露寺来。赵云全装惯带，引五百军随行。来到寺前下马，先见孙权。权观玄德仪表非凡，心中有畏惧之意。二人叙礼毕，遂入方丈见国太。国太见了玄德，大喜，谓乔国老曰：“真吾婿也！”国老曰：“玄德有龙凤之姿，天日之表；更兼仁德布于天下：国太得此佳婿，真可庆也！”玄德拜谢，共宴于方丈之中。少刻，子龙带剑而入，立于玄德之侧。国太问曰：“此是何人？”玄德答曰：“常山赵子龙也。”国太曰：“莫非当阳长坂抱阿斗者乎？”玄德曰：“然。”国太曰：“真将军也！”遂赐以酒。赵云谓玄德曰：“却才某于廊下巡视，见房内有刀斧手埋伏，必无好意。可告知国太。”玄德乃跪于国太席前，泣而告曰：“若杀刘备，就此请诛。”国太曰：“何出此言？”玄德曰：“廊下暗伏刀斧手，非杀备而何？”国太大怒，责骂孙权：“今日玄德既为我婿，即我之儿女也。何故伏刀斧手于廊下！”权推不知，唤吕范问之；范推贾华；国太唤贾华责骂，华默然无言。国太喝令斩之。玄德告曰：“若斩大将，于亲不利，备难久居膝下矣。”乔国老也相劝。国太方叱退贾华。刀斧手皆抱头鼠窜而去。
Xuande, also known as Liu Bei, is invited to a meeting with Lady Wu and Sun Quan. Concerned about potential danger, Xuande brings a personal guard led by Zhao Zilong. Upon arriving, Zilong discovers hidden armed men in the corridors. Disturbed, Xuande confronts Lady Wu about the situation, expressing his willingness to face any threat. Lady Wu, angered by the betrayal, reprimands Sun Quan and his advisor Lü Fan. Despite the tension, Xuande intervenes to spare the implicated general, Jia Hua, emphasizing the importance of familial bonds. Lady Wu relents and Lü Fan walks away with his men in shame.

==Julia Dereżyńska==

玄德更衣出殿前，见庭下有一石块。玄德拔从者所佩之剑，仰天祝曰：“若刘备能勾回荆州，成王霸之业，一剑挥石为两段。如死于此地，剑剁石不开。”言讫，手起剑落，火光迸溅，砍石为两段。孙权在后面看见，问曰：“玄德公如何恨此石？”玄德曰：“备年近五旬，不能为国家剿除贼党，心常自恨。今蒙国太招为女婿，此平生之际遇也。恰才问天买卦，如破曹兴汉，砍断此石。今果然如此。”权暗思：“刘备莫非用此言瞒我？”亦掣剑谓玄德曰：“吾亦问天买卦。若破得曹贼，亦断此石。”却暗暗祝告曰：“若再取得荆州，兴旺东吴，砍石为两半！”手起剑落，巨石亦开。至今有十字纹“恨石”尚存。后人观此胜迹，作诗赞曰：“宝剑落时山石断，金环响处火光生，两朝旺气皆天数。从此乾坤鼎足成。”二人弃剑，相携入席。又饮数巡，孙乾目视玄德，玄德辞曰：“备不胜酒力，告退。”
孙权送出寺前，二人并立，观江山之景。玄德曰：“此乃天下第一江山也！”至今甘露寺牌上云：“天下第一江山”。后人有诗赞曰：“江山雨霁拥青螺，境界无忧乐最多。昔日英雄凝目处，岩崖依旧抵风波。”玄德自回馆驿，与孙乾商议。乾曰：“主公只是哀求乔国老，早早毕姻，免生别事。”

==Karol Perka==

次日，玄德复至乔国老宅前下马。国老接入，礼毕，茶罢，玄德告曰：“江左之人，多有要害刘备者，恐不能久居。”国老曰：“玄德宽心。吾为公告国太，令作护持。”玄德拜谢自回。乔国老入见国太，言玄德恐人谋害，急急要回。国太大怒曰：“我的女婿，谁敢害他！”即时便教搬入书院暂住，择日毕姻。玄德自入告国太曰：“只恐赵云在外不便，军士无人约束。”国太教尽搬入府中安歇，休留在馆驿中，免得生事。玄德暗喜。数日之内，大排筵会，孙夫人与玄德结亲。至晚客散，两行红炬，接引玄德入房。灯光之下，但见枪刀簇满；侍婢皆佩剑悬刀，立于两傍。?得玄德魂不附体。正是：惊看侍女横刀立，疑是东吴设伏兵。却说玄德见孙夫人房中两边枪刀森列，侍婢皆佩剑，不觉失色。管家婆进曰：“贵人休得惊惧：夫人自幼好观武事，居常令侍婢击剑为乐，故尔如此。”玄德曰：“非夫人所观之事，吾甚心寒，可命暂去。”管家婆禀覆孙夫人曰：“房中摆列兵器，娇客不安，今且去之。”孙夫人笑曰：“厮杀半生，尚惧兵器乎！”命尽撤去，令侍婢解剑伏侍。当夜玄德与孙夫人成亲，两情欢洽。玄德又将金帛散给侍婢，以买其心，先教孙乾回荆州报喜。自此连日饮酒。国太十分爱敬。

==Karolina Englert==

却说孙权差人来柴桑郡报周瑜，说：“我母亲力主，已将吾妹嫁刘备。不想弄假成真。此事还复如何？”瑜闻大惊，行坐不安，乃思一计，修密书付来人持回见孙权。权拆书视之。书略曰：“瑜所谋之事，不想反覆如此。既已弄假成真，又当就此用计。刘备以枭雄之姿，有关、张、赵云之将，更兼诸葛用谋，必非久屈人下者。愚意莫如软困之于吴中：盛为筑宫室，以丧其心志；多送美色玩好，以娱其耳目；使分开关、张之情，隔远诸葛之契，各置一方，然后以兵击之，大事可定矣。今若纵之，恐蛟龙得云雨，终非池中物也。愿明公熟思之。”孙权看毕，以书示张昭。昭曰：“公瑾之谋，正合愚意。刘备起身微末，奔走天下，未尝受享富贵。今若以华堂大厦，子女金帛，令彼享用，自然疏远孔明、关、张等，使彼各生怨望，然后荆州可图也。主公可依公瑾之计而速行之。”权大喜，即日修整东府，广栽花木，盛设器用，请玄德与妹居住；又增女乐数十余人，并金玉锦绮玩好之物。国太只道孙权好意，喜不自胜。玄德果然被声色所迷，全不想回荆州。却说赵云与五百军在东府前住，终日无事，只去城外射箭走马。看看年终。
The story revolves around Sun Shangxiang's marriage to Liu Bei, causing concern for Sun Quan. Seeking advice from Zhou Yu, they decide to exploit Liu Bei's weakness for pleasure by constructing a lavish palace in Wuzhong. Zhou Yu proposes using beauty to captivate Liu Bei, isolating his key allies, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhuge Liang. Sun Quan implements the plan, building the East Palace with luxury and entertainment to entice Liu Bei. Zhang Zhao supports the strategy, believing that by catering to Liu Bei's desires with opulence, they can create divisions among his followers and pave the way for seizing Jingzhou. Liu Bei becomes enchanted by the pleasures in Wu, while Zhao Yun and his troops maintain a peaceful existence at Dongfu, stationed there to ensure tranquility.

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==

云猛省：
“孔明分付三个锦囊与我，教我一到南徐，开第一个；住到年终，开第二个；临到危急无路之时，开第三个：于内有神出鬼没之计，可保主公回家。此时岁已将终，主公贪恋女色，并不见面，何不拆开第二个锦囊，看计而行？”遂拆开视之。原来如此神策。即日径到府堂，要见玄德。侍婢报曰：“赵子龙有紧急事来报贵人。”玄德唤入问之。云佯作失惊之状曰：“主公深居画堂，不想荆州耶？”玄德曰：“有甚事如此惊怪？”云曰：“今早孔明使人来报，说曹操要报赤壁鏖兵之恨，起精兵五十万，杀奔荆州，甚是危急，请主公便回。”玄德曰：“必须与夫人商议。”云曰：“若和夫人商议，必不肯教主公回。不如休说，今晚便好起程。迟则误事！”玄德曰：“你且暂退，我自有道理。”云故意催逼数番而出。玄德入见孙夫人，暗暗垂泪。孙夫人曰：“丈夫何故烦恼？”玄德曰：“念备一身飘荡异乡，生不能侍奉二亲，又不能祭祀宗祖，乃大逆不孝也。今岁旦在迩，使备悒怏不已。”孙夫人曰：“你休瞒我，我已听知了也！方才赵子龙报说荆州危急，你欲还乡，故推此意。”玄德跪而告曰：“夫人既知，备安敢相瞒。备欲不去，使荆州有失，被天下人耻笑；欲去，又舍不得夫人：因此烦恼。”夫人曰：“妾已事君，任君所之，妾当相随。”玄德曰：“夫人之心，虽则如此，争奈国太与吴侯安肯容夫人去？夫人若可怜刘备，暂时辞别。”言毕，泪如雨下。孙夫人劝曰：“丈夫休得烦恼。妾当苦告母亲，必放妾与君同去。”玄德曰：“纵然国太肯时，吴侯必然阻挡。”孙夫人沉吟良久，乃曰：“妾与君正旦拜贺时，推称江边祭祖，不告而去，若何？”玄德又跪而谢曰：“若如此，生死难忘！切勿漏泄。”两个商议已定。玄德密唤赵云分付：“正旦日，你先引军士出城，于官道等候。吾推祭祖，与夫人同走。”
云领诺。
Yun Meng, also known as Cloud Startled, reveals that Zhuge Liang instructed him with three sealed letters. The first should be opened upon reaching South Xu, the second at year-end, and the third in times of extreme danger. Cloud Startled, noticing the approaching end of the year and Liu Bei's distraction with romantic affairs, suggests opening the second letter. Upon doing so, they discover a strategic plan to ensure Liu Bei's safe return. Cloud Startled then goes to Liu Bei's residence, claiming urgent news from Zhao Yun. He informs Liu Bei about Cao Cao's intention to avenge the Battle of Red Cliffs with a massive army heading towards Jingzhou. Urging Liu Bei to return immediately, Cloud Startled manipulates the situation, suggesting a prompt departure without consulting Lady Sun. Liu Bei, torn between duty and personal feelings, seeks counsel from Lady Sun, who, aware of the situation, offers to accompany him. Liu Bei, concerned about opposition from his mother and Sun Quan, expresses his dilemma, leading to emotional conversations and tears. Lady Sun proposes a plan for them to secretly leave during the New Year's visit to ancestral graves, hoping to avoid objections. Liu Bei, grateful, instructs Zhao Yun to prepare soldiers outside the city on New Year's Day for their departure.

==Malwina Filipowicz==

建安十五年春正月元旦，吴侯大会文武于堂上。玄德与孙夫人入拜国太。孙夫人曰：“夫主想父母宗祖坟墓，俱在涿郡，昼夜伤感不已。今日欲往江边，望北遥祭，须告母亲得知。”国太曰：“此孝道也，岂有不从？汝虽不识舅姑，可同汝夫前去祭拜，亦见为妇之礼。”孙夫人同玄德拜谢而出。此时只瞒着孙权。夫人乘车，止带随身一应细软。玄德上马，引数骑跟随出城，与赵云相会。五百军士前遮后拥，离了南徐，趱程而行。当日，孙权大醉，左右近侍扶入后堂，文武皆散。比及众官探得玄德、夫人逃遁之时，天色已晚。要报孙权，权醉不醒。及至睡觉，已是五更。次日，孙权闻知走了玄德，急唤文武商议。张昭曰：“今日走了此人，早晚必生祸乱。可急追之。”孙权令陈武、潘璋选五百精兵，无分昼夜，务要赶上拿回。二将领命去了。孙权深恨玄德，将案上玉砚摔为粉碎。程普曰：“主公空有冲天之怒，某料陈武、潘璋必擒此人不得。”权曰：“焉敢违我令！”普曰：“郡主自幼好观武事，严毅刚正，诸将皆惧。既然肯顺刘备，必同心而去。所追之将，若见郡主，岂肯下手？”权大怒，掣所佩之剑，唤蒋钦、周泰听令，曰：“汝二人将这口剑去取吾妹并刘备头来！违令者立斩！”蒋钦、周泰领命，随后引一千军赶来。

==Natalia Gloc==

却说玄德加鞭纵辔，趱程而行；当夜于路暂歇两个更次，慌忙起行。看看来到柴桑界首，望见后面尘头大起，人报：“追兵至矣！”玄德慌问赵云曰：“追兵既至，如之奈何？”赵云曰：“主公先行，某愿当后。”转过前面山脚，一彪军马拦住去路。当先两员大将，厉声高叫曰：“刘备早早下马受缚！吾奉周都督将令，守候多时！”原来周瑜恐玄德走脱，先使徐盛、丁奉引三千军马于冲要之处扎营等候，时常令人登高遥望，料得玄德若投旱路，必经此道而过。当日徐盛、丁奉了望得玄德一行人到，各绰兵器截住去路。玄德惊慌勒回马问赵云曰：“前有拦截之兵，后有追赶之兵：前后无路，如之奈何？”云曰：“主公休慌。军师有三条妙计，多在锦囊之中。已拆了两个，并皆应验。今尚有第三个在此，分付遇危难之时，方可拆看。今日危急，当拆观之。”便将锦囊拆开，献与玄德。玄德看了，急来车前泣告孙夫人曰：“备有心腹之言，至此尽当实诉。”夫人曰：“丈夫有何言语，实对我说。”玄德曰：“昔日吴侯与周瑜同谋，将夫人招嫁刘备，实非为夫人计，乃欲幽困刘备而夺荆州耳。夺了荆州，必将杀备。是以夫人为香饵而钓备也。备不惧万死而来，盖知夫人有男子之胸襟，必能怜备。昨闻吴侯将欲加害，故托荆州有难，以图归计。幸得夫人不弃，同至于此。

==Paweł Andraszak==

今吴侯又令人在后追赶，周瑜又使人于前截住，非夫人莫解此祸。如夫人不允，备请死于车前，以报夫人之德。”夫人怒曰：“吾兄既不以我为亲骨肉，我有何面目重相见乎！今日之危，我当自解。”于是叱从人推车直出，卷起车帘，亲喝徐盛、丁奉曰：“你二人欲造反耶？”徐、丁二将慌忙下马，弃了兵器，声喏于车前曰：“安敢造反。为奉周都督将令，屯兵在此专候刘备。”孙夫人大怒曰：“周瑜逆贼！我东吴不曾亏负你！玄德乃大汉皇叔，是我丈夫。我已对母亲、哥哥说知回荆州去。今你两个于山脚去处，引着军马拦截道路，意欲劫掠我夫妻财物耶？”徐盛、丁奉喏喏连声，口称：“不敢。请夫人息怒。这不干我等之事，乃是周都督的将令。”孙夫人叱曰：“你只怕周瑜，独不怕我？周瑜杀得你，我岂杀不得周瑜？”把周瑜大骂一场，喝令推车前进。徐盛、丁奉自思：“我等是下人。安敢
与夫人违拗？”又见赵云十分怒气，只得把军喝住，放条大路教过去。恰才行不得五六里，背后陈武、潘璋赶到。徐盛、丁奉备言其事。陈、潘二将曰：“你放他过去差了也。我二人奉吴侯旨意，特来追捉他回去。”于是四将合兵一处，趱程赶来。

Liu Bei says to Lady Sun that she is the only person who can save him from the troops, which chase after him. What’s more he declares that if she doesn't help him, he will die in front of her. Lady Sun is furious and she says that she doesn’t want to see her brother ever again. She agrees to help. Then she has her carriage moved to the front and calls out to the officers who have been sent by Zhou Yu in order to block the way. She asks both of them if they are rebels now. The officers say that they have orders from General Zhou to be there and prevent Liu Bei from leaving. Lady Sun says that Zhou is a traitor and remind them of the fact that Liu Bei is not only her husband, but also a member of imperial family. The two officers just say again what was said before about carrying out the command. Nevertheless she finally succeed in convincing the officers to let them pass. Soon after that, two officers, who have been initially sent by Chen Wu and Pan Zhang, ride up. They tell Xu Sheng and Ding Feng that they have orders to prevent the escape of Liu Bei and Lady Sun. Soon after the two generals realize how big mistake they have just made, they all start to chase after the runaways.

==Sandra Piechowiak==

玄德正行间，忽听得背后喊声大起。玄德又告孙夫人曰：“后面追兵又到，如之奈何？”夫人曰：“丈夫先行，我与子龙当后。”玄德先引三百军，望江岸去了。子龙勒马于车傍，将
士卒摆开，专候来将。四员将见了孙夫人，只得下马，叉手而立。夫人曰：“陈武、潘璋，来此何干？”二将答曰：“奉主公之命，请夫人、玄德回。”夫人正色叱曰：“都是你这伙匹夫，离间我兄妹不睦！我已嫁他人，今日归去，须不是与人私奔。我奉母亲慈旨，令我夫妇回荆州。便是我哥哥来，也须依礼而行。你二人倚仗兵威，欲待杀害我耶？”骂得四人面面相觑，各自寻思：“他一万年也只是兄妹。更兼国太作主；吴侯乃大孝之人，怎敢违逆母言？明日翻过脸来，只是我等不是。不如做个人情。”军中又不见玄德；但见赵云怒目睁眉，只待厮杀。因此四将喏喏连声而退。孙夫人令推车便行。徐盛曰：“我四人同去见周都督，告禀此事。”四人犹豫未定。忽见一军如旋风而来，视之，乃蒋钦、周泰。二将问曰：“你等曾见刘备否？”四人曰：“早晨过去，已半日矣。”蒋钦曰：“何不拿下？”四人各言孙夫人发话之事。蒋钦曰：“便是吴侯怕道如此，封一口剑在此，教先杀他妹，后斩刘备。违者立斩！”四将曰：“去之已远，怎生奈何？”蒋钦曰：“他终是些步军，急行不上。

Xuande told lady Sun that the pursuers were coming, and she said that her husband should go first, and she'll follow. When the four generals saw lady Sun, they told her to turn back, but she said she follows her mother's decree and can't turn away. The four generals retreated and lady Sun passed through. The generals were asked by Zhou Tai if they've seen Liu Bei, and replied that they let him pass because of what lady Sun said. Jiang Qin said that the marquis of Wu was afraid of this happening and so he told them to first kill lady Sun, and then Liu Bei, and that anyone who violates the rules will be killed, but the other general said that they're too far away now, so what can be done about that? Jiang Qin said they are on foot, so they couldn't move very fast.

==Wiktoria Wolny==

徐、丁二将军可飞报都督，教水路棹快船追赶；我四人在岸上追赶：无问水旱之路，赶上杀了，休听他言语。”于是徐盛、丁奉飞报周瑜；蒋钦、周泰、陈武、潘璋四个领兵沿江赶来。却说玄德一行人马，离柴桑较远，来到刘郎浦，心才稍宽。沿着江岸寻渡，一望江水弥漫，并无船只。玄德俯首沉吟。赵云曰：“主公在虎口中逃出，今已近本界，吾料军师必有调度，何用犹疑？”玄德听罢，蓦然想起在吴繁华之事，不觉凄然泪下。后人有诗叹曰：“吴蜀成婚此水浔，明珠步障屋黄金。谁知一女轻天下，欲易刘郎鼎峙心。”玄德令赵云望前哨探船只，忽报后面尘土冲天而起。玄德登高望之，但见军马盖地而来，叹曰：“连日奔走，人困马乏，追兵又到，死无地矣！”看看喊声渐近。正慌急间，忽见江岸边一字儿抛着拖篷船二十余只。赵云曰：“天幸有船在此！何不速下，棹过对岸，再作区处！”玄德与孙夫人便奔上船。子龙引五百军亦都上船。只见船舱中一人纶巾道服，大笑而出，曰：“主公且喜！诸葛亮在此等候多时。”船中扮作客人的，皆是荆州水军。玄德大喜。不移时，四将赶到。孔明笑指岸上人言曰：“吾已算定多时矣。汝等回去传示周郎，教休再使美人局手段。”

Jiang Qin said that they can simultaneously chase Liu Bei on the water and on the dry land, so he asks generals Xu and Ding to report it to Zhou Yu, while he [Jiang Qin], Zhou Tai, Chen Wu and Pan Zhang lead their troops along the river. Meanwhile Liu Bei had got a long way from Chaisang and reached Liulang shore. He went along the bank of the river seeking a boat, but there were none, so Zhao Yun bade him be of good courage. Liu Bei, however, was still despondent. [there’s a poem here] Liu Bei asked Zhao Yun to go along the bank to seek some boats, but then he was told that there was a huge cloud of dust on the road. Liu Bei climbed up one of the hills, looked back and saw an army pursuing them. This led him to despair even more, but then he noticed more than twenty boats on the river. Liu Bei and his wife Lady Sun hurried ashore and entered the boat, where they saw Zhuge Liang, who said he had predicted these events a long time ago.

==Zyta Rydz==

岸上乱箭射来，船已开的远了。蒋钦等四将，只好呆看。玄德与孔明正行间，忽然江声大震。回头视之，只见战船无数。帅字旗下，周瑜自领惯战水军，左有黄盖，右有韩当，势如飞马，疾似流星。看看赶上。孔明教棹船投北岸，弃了船，尽皆上岸而走，车马登程。周瑜赶到江边，亦皆上岸追袭。大小水军，尽是步行；止有为首官军骑马。周瑜当先，黄盖、韩当、徐盛、丁奉紧随。周瑜曰：“此处是那里？军士答曰：“前面是黄州界首。”望见玄德车马不远，瑜令并力追袭。正赶之间，一声鼓响，山崦内一彪刀手拥出，为首一员大将，乃关云长也。周瑜举止失措，急拨马便走；云长赶来，周瑜纵马逃命。正奔走间，左边黄忠，右边魏延，两军杀出。吴兵大败。周瑜急急下得船时，岸上军士齐声大叫曰：“周郎妙计安天下，陪了夫人又折兵！”瑜怒曰：“可再登岸决一死战！”黄盖、韩当力阻。瑜自思曰：“吾计不成，有何面目去见吴侯！”大叫一声，金疮迸裂，倒于船上。众将急救，却早不省人事。正是：两番弄巧翻成拙，此日含嗔却带羞。

Journey to the West

2023-11-30T20:42:53Z

Wang Meifen: /* Gabriela Krukowska */

==The original text of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"'==

Full text: [http://www.purepen.com/xyj/index.htm]

Title: 西游记（The Journey to the West)

Author: 吴承恩 (Wu Cheng’en)

==第二回悟彻菩提真妙理断魔归本合元神==
Below are listed explanations of some of the words:

1. 闪——这里作撇下解释
2. 三界——佛教术语：认为一般的人生死往来的世界，分为三界：欲界（包括所谓的地狱在内），色界，
无色界。此处即指人间世界。
3. 绰——就是用手抄、抓、提。指不费力地、轻巧地弄到或捉走而言
4. 抬鼓弄——许多人把一个人抬起来让他翻倒叫抬鼓弄。

Context: Sun Wukong has already learned how to use the cloud to fly and 72 transformations from his master. However master chased him away, he then goes back to find that his subjects were bullied by evil wizard, he goes on to defeat him.

==Aleksandra Urbańska==
一日，春归夏至，大众都在松树下会讲多时。大众道：“悟空，你是那世修来的缘法？前日老师父附耳低言，传与你的躲三灾变化之法，可都会么？”
悟空笑道：“不瞒诸兄长说，一则是师父传授，二来也是我昼夜殷勤，那几般儿都会了。”
大众道：“趁此良时，你试演演，让我等看看。” 悟空闻说，抖擞精神，卖弄手段道：“众师兄请出个题目。要我变化甚么？”
==Anna Proskura==
大众道：“就变棵松树罢。”悟空捻着诀，念动咒语，摇身一变，就变做一棵松树。
真个是：郁郁含烟贯四时，凌云直上秀贞姿。全无一点妖猴像，尽是经霜耐雪枝。
大众见了，鼓掌呵呵大笑。都道：“好猴儿！好猴儿！”不觉的嚷闹，惊动了祖师。
祖师急拽杖出门来问道：“是何人在此喧哗？”大众闻呼，慌忙检束，整衣向前。
悟空也现了本相，杂在丛中道：“启上尊师，我等在此会讲，更无外姓喧哗。”

The crowd told Sun Wukong to turn into a pine tree. Sun Wukong made a magical movement with his hands, recited the spell, turned into a pine tree, and there was nothing left of the image of a demonic monkey. When the audience saw this, they applauded and laughed because they all liked his transformation. Their noise disturbed the Patriarch, who came out with a staff in his hands. He was angry and asked who was making the noise. Wukong replied that they were having a discussion here and were not making noise.

==Asia Zawada==
祖师怒喝道：“你等大呼小叫，全不像个修行的体段！修行的人，口开神气散，舌动是非生。如何在此嚷笑？”
大众道：“不敢瞒师父，适才孙悟空演变化耍子。教他变棵松树，果然是棵松树，弟子们俱称扬喝采，故高声惊冒尊师，望乞恕罪。”
祖师道：“你等起去。”
叫： “悟空，过来！我问你弄甚么精神，变甚么松树？这个工夫，可好在人前卖弄？
假如你见别人有，不要求他？别人见你有，必然求你。你若畏祸，却要传他；若不传他，必然加害：你之性命又不可保。”
The Master accused a crowd of not actually cultivating their body because they are more focused on speaking, and from that both right and wrong things can be born. They defend themselves that it was just them reacting to the trick of the Monkey King, but in the end beg for forgiveness. The Master decides to speak to the Monkey King and reprimand him that showing off before others can cause onlookers to seek those kind of powers and in the end they might even harm the Monkey King.

==Ada Dan==
悟空叩头道：“只望师父恕罪！”祖师道：“我也不罪你，但只是你去罢。”悟空闻此言，满眼堕泪道：“师父，教我往那里去？”
祖师道：“你从那里来，便从那里去就是了。”悟空顿然醒悟道：“我自东胜神洲傲来国花果山水帘洞来的。”
祖师道：“你快回去，全你性命；若在此间，断然不可！”
悟空领罪，“上告尊师：我也离家有二十年矣，虽是回顾旧日儿孙，但念师父厚恩未报，不敢去。”祖师道：“那里甚么恩义？你只不惹祸不牵带我就罢了！”
==Edyta Skorupa==
悟空见没奈何，只得拜辞，与众相别。祖师道：“你这去，定生不良。凭你怎么惹祸行凶，却不许说是我的徒弟。你说出半个字来、我就知之，把你这猢狲剥皮锉骨，将神魂贬在九幽之处，教你万劫不得翻身！”悟空道： “决不敢提起师父一字，只说是我自家会的便罢。”
悟空谢了。即抽身，捻着诀，丢个连扯，纵起筋斗云，径回东胜。
那里消一个时辰，早看见花果山水帘洞。美猴王自知快乐，暗暗的自称道： “去时凡骨凡胎重，得道身轻体亦轻。举世无人肯立志，立志修玄玄自明。
当时过海波难进，今日回来甚易行。
==Ewa Kopania==
别语叮咛还在耳，何期顷刻见东溟。” 悟空按下云头，直至花果山。找路而走，忽听得鹤唳猿啼，鹤唳声冲霄汉外，猿啼悲切甚伤情。
即开口叫道：“孩儿们，我来了也！”那崖下石坎边，花草中，树木里，若大若小之猴，跳出千千万万，把个美猴王围在当中，叩头叫道：“大王，你好宽心！怎么一去许久？把我们俱闪(1)在这里，望你诚如饥渴！近来被一妖魔在此欺虐，强要占我们水帘洞府，是我等舍死忘生，与他争斗。这些时，被那厮抢了我们家火，捉了许多子侄，教我们昼夜无眠，看守家业。幸得大王来了！大王若再年载不来，我等连山洞尽属他(1)闪——这里作撇下解释。人矣！”
==Gabriela Krukowska==
悟空闻说，心中大怒道：“是甚么妖魔，辄敢无状！你且细细说来，待我寻他报仇。”众猴叩头：“告上大王，那厮自称混世魔王，住居在直北下。”悟空道：“此间到他那里，有多少路程？”众猴道：“他来时云，去时雾，或风或雨，或电或雷，我等不知有多少路。”悟空道：“既如此，你们休怕，且自顽耍，等我寻他去来！” 好猴王，将身一纵，跳起去，一路筋斗，直至北下观看，见一座高山，真是十分崄峻。好山：笔峰挺立，曲涧深沉。笔峰挺立透空霄，曲涧深沉通地户。两崖花木争奇，几处松篁斗翠。
Sun Wukong was furious and said, "Who is this demon? What an insolence! Tell me about him in detail, and I will seek revenge on him." The monkey host kowtowed and said, "Your Majesty, that man calls himself the King of Demons, and he lives in the North." Sun Wukong asked, "How far is it from here to him?" The monkey host said, "He comes in the clouds and goes in the fog with wind and rain, or lightining and thunder, so we don't know how far it is." Sun Wukong said, "In that case, don't be afraid, just play around and wait for me to find him!" The majestic Monkey King jumped up into the air, when he somersaulted to the North, he saw a high and steep mountain. A fine mountain: the peaks are standing upright, and the deep curved streams. The peaks of the mountain stand out and penetrate into the sky, while the curving streams are deep and open the underworld. The two cliffs of flowers and trees compete on beauty, in other places pine trees and bamboo fight on greenness.

==Julia Dereżyńska==
左边龙，熟熟驯驯；右边虎，平平伏伏。每见铁牛耕，常有金钱种。幽禽睍睆声，丹凤朝阳立。石磷磷，波净净，古怪跷蹊真恶狞。世上名山无数多，花开花谢蘩还众。争如此景永长存，八节四时浑不动。诚为三界(2)坎源山，滋养五行水脏洞！美猴王正默观看景致，只听得有人言语。径自下山寻觅，原来那陡崖之前，乃是那水脏洞。洞门外有几个小妖跳舞，见了悟空就走。
==Karolina Englert==
悟空道：“休走！借你口中言，传我心内事。我乃正南方花果山水帘洞洞主。你家甚么混世鸟魔，屡次欺我儿孙，我特寻来，要与他见个上下！”那小妖听说，疾忙跑入洞里，报道，“大王！祸事了！”魔王道：“有甚祸事？”小妖道：“洞外有猴头称为花果山水帘洞洞主。他说你屡次欺他儿孙，特来寻你，见个上下哩。”魔王笑道：“我常闻得那些猴精说他有个大王，出家修行去，想是今番来了。你们见他怎生打扮，有甚器械？”
Wu Kong, the Cave Master of Waterfall Cave on Mount Huaguo, confronts the Devil King, accusing him of mistreating his descendants. Wu Kong wants to convey his grievances and challenges the Devil King to face him. A little demon informs the Devil King about Wu Kong's arrival, describing the monkey's claim and the reason for his visit. The Devil King, aware of the monkey spirits' tales, is amused and inquires about Wu Kong's appearance and armor.

==Lena Rzeźnikowska==
小妖道：“他也没甚么器械，光着个头，穿一领红色衣，勒一条黄丝绦，足下踏一对乌靴，不僧不俗，又不像道士神仙，赤手空拳，在门外叫哩。”魔王闻说：“取我披挂兵器来！” 那小妖即时取出。那魔王穿了甲胄，绰(3)刀在手，与众妖出得门来，即高声叫道：“那个是水帘洞洞主？”悟空急睁睛观看，只见那魔王：头戴乌金盔，映日光明；身挂皂罗袍，迎风飘荡。下穿着黑铁甲，紧勒皮条；足踏着花褶靴，雄如上将。
==Malwina Filipowicz==
腰广十围，身高三丈。手执一口刀，锋刃多明亮。称为混世魔，磊落凶模样。猴王喝道：“这泼魔这般眼大，看不见老孙！”魔王见了，笑道：“你身不满四尺，年不过三旬，手内又无兵器，怎么大胆猖狂，要寻我见甚么上下？”悟空骂道：“你这泼魔，原来没眼！你量我小，要大却也不难。你量我无兵器，我两只手彀着天边月哩！你不要怕，只吃老孙一拳！”纵一纵，跳上去，劈脸就打。那魔王伸手架住道：“你这般矬矮，我这般高长，你要使拳，我要使刀，使刀就杀了你，也吃人笑，待我放下刀，与你使路拳看。”悟空道：“说得是。好汉子！走来！”
==Natalia Gloc==
那魔王丢开架子便打，这悟空钻进去相撞相迎。他两个拳捶脚踢，一冲一撞。原来长拳空大，短簇坚牢。那魔王被悟空掏短胁，撞丫裆，几下筋节，把他打重了。他闪过，拿起那板大的钢刀，望悟空劈头就砍。悟空急撤身，他砍了一个空。悟空见他凶猛，即使身外身法，拔一把毫毛，丢在口中嚼碎，望空喷去，叫一声“变！”即变做三二百个小猴，周围攒簇。
==Paweł Andraszak==
原来人得仙体，出神变化无方。不知这猴王自从了道之后，身上有八万四千毛羽，根根能变，应物随心。那些小猴，眼乖会跳，刀来砍不着，枪去不能伤。你看他前踊后跃，钻上去，把个魔王围绕，抱的抱，扯的扯，钻裆的钻裆，扳脚的扳脚，踢打挦毛，抠眼睛，捻鼻子，抬鼓弄(4) ,直打做一个攒盘。这悟空才去夺得他的刀来，分开小猴，照顶门一下，砍为两段。领众杀进洞中，将那大小妖精，尽皆剿灭。却把毫毛一抖，收上身来。
==Sandra Piechowiak==
又见那收不上身者，却是那魔王在水帘洞擒去的小猴，悟空道：“汝等何为到此?” 约有三五十个，都含泪道：“我等因大王修仙去后，这两年被他争吵，把我们都摄将来，那不是我们洞中的家火？石盆、石碗都被这厮拿来也。”悟空道：“既是我们的家火，你们都搬出外去。”随即洞里放起火来，把那水脏洞烧得枯干，尽归了一体。对众道：“汝等跟我回去。”

Sun Wukong asked the monkeys how they had got there, and they replied that after Sun Wukong went to become immortal the demon king started fighting with them and brought them to the cave by force. They said everything in there was stolen. Sun Wukong told them to take the stolen things out, set fire to the cave, and then told them to come back with him.

==Wiktoria Wolny==
众猴道：“大王，我们来时，只听得耳边风响，虚飘飘到于此地，更不识路径，今怎得回乡？”悟空道：“这是他弄的个术法儿，有何难也！我如今一窍通，百窍通，我也会弄。你们都合了眼，休怕！” 好猴王，念声咒语，驾阵狂风，云头落下。叫：“孩儿们，睁眼。”众猴脚实地，认得是家乡，个个欢喜，都奔洞门旧路。那在洞众猴，都一齐簇拥同入，分班序齿，礼拜猴王。

The monkeys asked how they are ever going to get back to their homeland, because they don't know the way. The Monkey King replied that they had nothing to worry about as he also knew the spell, so he ordered the monkeys to close their eyes and proceeded to recite the spell. When he spoke to the monkeys again, ordering them to open their eyes, their feet were already on the ground. And when the monkeys recognized that it was their home, excited and overjoyed they ran to the cave and paid their respects and thanks to the Monkey King.

==Zyta Rydz==
安排酒果，接风贺喜，启问降魔救子之事。悟空备细言了一遍，众猴称扬不尽道：“大王去到那方，不意学得这般手段！”悟空又道：“我当年别汝等，随波逐流，飘过东洋大海，径至南赡部洲，学成人像，着此衣，穿此履，摆摆摇摇，云游了八九年馀，更不曾有道；又渡西洋大海，到西牛贺洲地界，访问多时，幸遇一老祖，传了我与天同寿的真功果，不死长生的大法门。”

Critical Review of Chinese Literature

2023-10-13T09:28:38Z

Wang Meifen: /* Schedule */

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury
chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan=Class=
=Schedule=
===课程安排 Schedule===
*1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424
*2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15
*-
*3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15
*-
*?4 Nov 10
*?5 Nov 17
*?6 Nov 24
*7 Dec 1 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00?
*8 Dec 8 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00?
*9 Dec 15 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00?
*10 Dec 16 9:45-11:15
*11 Jan 12 9:45-11:15
*12 Jan 19 9:45-11:15
*13 Jan 26 9:45-11:15
*14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15
*15 Feb 9 Final Paper (homework)

===Literary Works===
Please write your names behind the topics
#Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Trampled Green”
#Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
#Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
#Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
#Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
#Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
#Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)安浩阳
#Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
#Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬
#Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

===Session 1===
'''和子由踏青'''
with children? you: grammatical function?
Go on a Spring Outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。
The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths
Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。
For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,
the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。
The city inhabitants detest the city walls
at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。
The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,
baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：
Alina:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

'''和子由踏青'''

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

'''Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng'''

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

'''和子由踏青'''

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

'''Trampled green'''

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

[[File:Trampled_Green.jpg|500px|thumb|left|Su Shi: Trampled Green]]

==Session 1==

=Syllabus=
Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej
Educational subject description sheet
==Basic information==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Field of study
Sinologia
Speciality
-
Department
Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures
Study level
Second-cycle programme
Study form
Full-time
Education proﬁle
General academic
</td>
<td>
Didactic cycle
2023/24
Subject code
09SNLS.21K.05754.23
Lecture languages
Chinese
Mandatory
Obligatory
Block
Major subjects
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Subject coordinator
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Lecturer
</td>
<td>
Kamil Burkiewicz
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Period</h2>
Semester 1
<h2>Activities and hours</h2>
• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit
<h2>Number of</h2>
<h2>ECTS points</h2>
3 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682"
height="1"> 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681"
height="55">
1 / 5
==Goals==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Goal
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C1
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students get an
overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese
literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading
prominent examples and increasing reading ability in
Chinese as a Foreign Language.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C2
</td>
<td>
The selection of works aims at displaying the
continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing
the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
C3
</td>
<td>
The course aims to let students understand
research methods, compare literary works, learn the
relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of
Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural
roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the
work of experts in the ﬁeld, critically evaluate their
knowledge and update it.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Entry requirements</h1>
Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of
References for Languages (CEFR).
<h1>Subject's learning outcomes</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Outcomes in terms of
</td>
<td>
Learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Examination methods
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Knowledge – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W1
</td>
<td>
has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature
from classical to modern
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W2
</td>
<td>
knows the theories and research methodology in
the ﬁeld of sinology in relation to literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W3
</td>
<td>
knows selected issues of comparative
literature against the background of the ongoing processes
of cultural exchange and globalization
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W4
</td>
<td>
knows the rich terminology in the ﬁeld of
sinology in the ﬁeld of literary studies
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
W5
</td>
<td>
knows and understand deeply the fundamental
dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization
related to the literature of East Asia/China
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Skills – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
U1
</td>
<td>
formulates and tests hypotheses related to
simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate
their observations
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Social competences – Student:
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K1
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically evaluate the acquired
knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update
it
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
K2
</td>
<td>
is ready to deeply appreciate the importance
of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems
related to multiculturalism and intercultural
communication
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_004.png" width="682"
height="1">
2 / 5
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
K3
</td>
<td>
is ready to critically consult problems that
he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in
relevant scientiﬁc ﬁelds and to actively cooperate with
them in search of appropriate solutions
</td>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia
presentation
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Study content</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
No.
</td>
<td>
Course content
</td>
<td>
Subject's learning outcomes
</td>
<td>
Activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
1.
</td>
<td>
Song Poetry
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
2.
</td>
<td>
Yuan Drama
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
3.
</td>
<td>
Ming Novels
</td>
<td>
W1, U1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
4.
</td>
<td>
Qing novels
</td>
<td>
W1, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
5.
</td>
<td>
Late Qing literature
</td>
<td>
W1, K2, K3
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
6.
</td>
<td>
Republican literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
7.
</td>
<td>
Modern literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W2, W4, W5
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
8.
</td>
<td>
Contemporary literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
9.
</td>
<td>
Web literature
</td>
<td>
W1, W4, W5, K1
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
10.
</td>
<td>
Science ﬁction
</td>
<td>
W1, W5, K2
</td>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1>Course advanced</h1>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Teaching and learning methods and activities
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with
text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative
writing and reviewing fellow students' work
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activities
</td>
<td>
Credit conditions
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
Students are required to prepare for each
class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts
and checking of new words. The completion of this
obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice
tests.
Each student will prepare one short oral
presentation.
The semester essay should contain at least
1000 Chinese characters.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682"
height="1">
3 / 5
==Literature==
===Obligatory===
1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature –
Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies
provided].
===Optional===
#Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
#Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
#Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
#Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
#Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
#Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
#Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
#Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
#Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
#Science ﬁction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

==Calculation of ECTS points==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Activity form
</td>
<td>
Activity hours*
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Conversatory classes
</td>
<td>
30
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for classes
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Reading the indicated literature
</td>
<td>
20
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation of a multimedia presentation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Other
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Paper preparation
</td>
<td>
5
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Preparation for the assessment
</td>
<td>
10
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Student workload
</td>
<td>
Hours
90
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Number of ECTS points
</td>
<td>
ECTS
3
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
* hour means 45 minutes 
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_006.png" width="682"
height="1">
4 / 5
==Learning outcomes==
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Code
</td>
<td>
Content
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K01
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny
zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i
ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K02
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania
znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu
problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z
wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_K03
</td>
<td>
The graduate is ready to krytycznego
konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie
samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich
dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w
poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_U01
</td>
<td>
The graduate can formułować i testować
hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i
realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje
spostrzeżenia.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W02
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe
zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań
interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W03
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands teorie i
metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo
bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych
szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne
tendencje rozwojowe.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W04
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands wybrane
zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i
translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany
kulturowej i globalizacji.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W05
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands bogatą
terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań
językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i
interdyscyplinarnych.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
SNL_K2_W08
</td>
<td>
The graduate knows and understands w
pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania
współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i
kulturą Azji Wschodniej.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>