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		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(英文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 14, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:six.jpg]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:seven.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(英文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Seal Carving'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Abstract'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal carving, as an essential part of traditional Chinese culture, integrates calligraphy, engraving, and painting, carrying profound historical and cultural symbolism. This paper reviews the historical evolution of seal carving, exploring its origins in the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty, its role as a symbol of power during the Qin and Han Dynasties, its artistic transformation during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and its peak development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. By analyzing the changes in seal carving styles, techniques, and aesthetics across different historical periods, this study reveals the deep cultural and artistic value of seal carving. The paper also discusses the craftsmanship of seal carving, including material selection, engraving techniques, and the evolution of seal forms, illustrating both the inheritance and innovation of the craft. Additionally, a comparison is made between the seal carving traditions of the Indus Valley and the Mediterranean region, exploring the similarities, differences, and intercultural fusion of seal carving art in different cultural contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.Introduction'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal carving, named after the use of seal script for its inscriptions, is an important component of traditional Chinese art that blends calligraphy, engraving techniques, and painting aesthetics. The inscriptions and forms of seals not only showcase China’s profound artistic traditions and diverse expressions but also reflect the changes in Chinese history and culture. Since ancient times, seal carving has carried rich cultural connotations and symbolic meanings, holding an important position in the social, economic, and cultural transmission of China. It has had a far-reaching influence on the art and social life of various historical periods (Sun 2004, 2).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.History'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal carving originated in China, with a history of over three thousand years, later spreading and becoming popular in East Asia. According to available records, the history of seals can be traced back more than three thousand years to the Shang Dynasty (see Figure 1), when oracle bone inscriptions were carved on tortoise shells and animal bones to record daily life, laying the foundation for the origin of seals. During the Zhou Dynasty, bronze seals were used as proof of official identity and symbols of authority. The engraved characters were in large seal script(Da zhuan), which resembled inscriptions on bronzeware and stone carvings, embodying the symbolic demands of power (Wang 2009, 9).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the Qin Dynasty unified the six states, centralization of power was strengthened, and reforms such as unified currency, script, and measurements were carried out. These reforms in the field of seal carving were reflected in the hierarchical system, uniform script, and simplicity in style. The unified script of the Qin Dynasty, known as small seal script (Xiao zhuan), featured rounded and flowing characters, suitable for writing official documents. This was followed by the development of the more decorative impression seal script (mo yin zhuan), widely used for seals and other items. Although the Qin Dynasty was short-lived, Qin seals had a profound influence on later generations. During the Han Dynasty, the seal script evolved from impression seal script to Mao seal script (Han zhuan), with characters becoming more upright and square, resembling clerical script, which was both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Han Dynasty seals (see Figure 2) were varied, exquisitely crafted, and meticulously arranged. During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the spread of paper influenced the way seals were used. This led to a shift from clay seal impressions to red ink seals on paper. Official and private seals gradually favored red ink impressions. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, rulers advocated the use of large seals, incorporating &amp;quot;nine-fold characters&amp;quot; to create complex and hard-to-read inscriptions, which gradually reduced the functional role of official seals. Meanwhile, scholar-official seals returned to the style of Han Dynasty seals, emphasizing artistic value and marking the rise of seal carving as an art form. This period marked the transition from practical seals to artistic creations (Zhao &amp;amp; Zhu 2006, 158). Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, seals gradually shifted from practical functions to artistic appreciation. The types of scholar seals increased, including name seals and collection seals. Seals became not only symbols of identity but also important carriers of artistic creation. Since the birth of seals, their materials have typically been of high hardness, such as bronze, jade, and ivory, and they were made by craftsmen. It wasn't until the late Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian began using ophicalcitum to carve his own seals, that scholars began to work independently, shifting from collaboration with craftsmen to becoming the main force in seal carving art. With the rise of epigraphy and archaeology, the collection and dissemination of ancient bronzeware, steles, seals, and other inscriptions further promoted the development of seal carving art. The Ming and Qing Dynasties (see Figure 3) are often considered the peak period for seal carving. During the Ming Dynasty, Wen Peng vigorously promoted and reformed seal materials. During this time, numerous schools and renowned masters of seal carving emerged. Artists displayed great ingenuity and talent, seeking innovation while drawing upon the traditions of the past. At the same time, the compilation of seal catalogues and the development of seal theory further accelerated this progress, marking the second peak in the history of seal development since the Han Dynasty (Wang 2009, 11).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]Figure 1&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]Figure 2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]Figure 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''III. Classification'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese seal carving can be categorized from several perspectives, with the following main classifications:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.By Function&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Official Seal : Used by government officials as a symbol of authority and identity, with legal validity. Typically employed by the government or official institutions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Private Seal : Used by individuals or families as a mark of ownership, often for signing documents or handling private affairs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Scholarly Seal : Used by scholars, calligraphers, painters, and collectors. In addition to serving as personal marks, these seals also carry artistic value and are often used to authenticate or signify ownership of artworks or collections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.By Inscription Type&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Relief Seal: When the engraved text on the seal is recessed, often referred to as &amp;quot;white script&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;relief seal&amp;quot; (see Figure 4).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Raised Seal: When the engraved text is raised, typically called &amp;quot;red script&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;raised seal&amp;quot; (see Figure 5). This type of seal is particularly effective when printed with red ink, showing the raised text clearly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]Figure 4 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]Figure 5 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.By Crafting Technique&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cast Seal: Seals made using casting techniques, usually for larger or symbolic seals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carved Seal: Seals made by hand-carving, often used for scholar-made seals, with intricate craftsmanship focusing on artistic quality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Molded Seal: Seals created using molds, simpler in design and often used for more generic seals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.Manufacturing Process'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The process of making Chinese seals is a traditional craft that integrates carving, calligraphy, and art, with deep historical and cultural significance. The craftsmanship is meticulous, requiring the carver to possess exceptional skill and a solid foundation in calligraphy. Common manufacturing methods include sand casting, casting, and engraving. Metal seals are typically molded first and then cast, while crystal or jade seals were traditionally hand-carved, though modern methods often involve electric engraving. Stone, ivory, and horn seals are usually directly carved with engraving tools (Li 2022).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The manufacturing process involves four main steps: material selection, design, engraving, and finishing with a trial impression. Material Selection: The type of material is crucial to the texture, durability, and artistic effect of the seal. Common materials include Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Changhua stone, jade such as Hetian jade and emerald, as well as bronze, ivory, and wood. Design: The designer selects appropriate fonts and styles based on the owner’s needs. Common fonts include seal script, clerical script, and running script, with seal script often preferred due to its decorative and artistic qualities. The designer also determines the arrangement of characters based on the size and shape of the seal, ensuring both aesthetic appeal and legibility. Engraving: The core step of the process, where the carver uses specialized tools (see Figures 6 and 7) to carve the chosen characters into the seal, creating the raised or recessed effects (yang and yin script). In addition to the text, decorative motifs such as patterns and auspicious symbols are also carved to enhance the artistic and personalized nature of the seal. Finishing and Trial Impression: The completed seal undergoes polishing, grinding, and careful inspection to ensure a smooth surface and clear, accurate inscriptions. The seal is then tested, typically with cinnabar ink, to check the clarity and completeness of the print. If any issues are found, minor adjustments or re-carving may be required to ensure perfection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:six.jpg]]Figure 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:seven.jpg]]Figure 7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.Seal Carving in Other Regions'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Indus Valley&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seals from the Indus Valley civilization are important cultural artifacts, serving not only as tools for writing but also playing a crucial role in social and political spheres. Most of these seals were made from steatite (soapstone), a material prized for its ease of carving and durability after firing, making it the preferred choice of artisans at the time. The properties of steatite made these seals durable, enabling them to preserve and transmit cultural and economic information over time (Jamison 2013, 226).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The seals primarily come in square and rectangular shapes, with square seals often featuring inscriptions and animal motifs, especially those with depictions of unicorns, which are most commonly found (see Figure 8). While individual carving styles varied among different artisans, all the seals carry deep cultural symbolism. Additionally, as symbols of wealth and power, these seals were typically used by the ruling elite to legitimize and reinforce their social authority. The inscriptions and motifs on the seals not only recorded economic transactions, religious rituals, and ownership but also served as symbols of authority, communicating the social status and control of the ruling class. As such, the seals can be regarded as a symbol of elite power and are key tools for understanding the social and political structure of the Indus Valley civilization (Jamison 2013, 226).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]Figure 8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Cyprus (An island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cypriot seal carving, particularly the cylindrical seals, is an art form of significant historical, administrative, and cultural importance during the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. These seals were primarily made from hard materials such as stone and jade, and are commonly found in burial sites, sanctuaries, residential areas, and workshops. The variety in shape, material, and design reflects the diversity of Cypriot art and the interactions with surrounding regional cultures (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cylindrical seals are often characterized by repeated re-carving. Many seals were engraved multiple times, with some even showing up to four or five layers of carving. This reflects the seals' evolution over time as they passed through different owners. Each new engraving not only mirrors the artistic styles of different periods but also reveals societal changes and cultural exchanges. These seals were not just administrative tools; they also carried symbols of power, identity, and religion, showcasing the cultural and political transformations of Cypriot society (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The designs on the seals typically feature abstract patterns and symbolic motifs, often linked to themes of power and religious belief. Especially during the Late Bronze Age, the complex patterns on the seals were not only decorative but also held significant social functions. Over time, the seals gradually shifted from administrative tools to symbols of identity, becoming more associated with personal and cultural expression (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, Cypriot seal carving displays materials, designs, and engraving techniques that reflect cultural exchanges with the ancient Near East, Egypt, Anatolia, and the Aegean region. These seals are not merely historical artifacts but also important witnesses to the cultural and societal changes of Cyprus (Smith 2014, 208).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Terminology and Expressions：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal carving 篆刻 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oracle bone script 甲骨文 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Large seal script 大篆 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Small seal script 小篆 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clerical script 隶书 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Running script 行书 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Red script seal (raised seal) 朱文印 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
White script seal (relief seal) 白文印 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Imperial seal 玺印 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal ink 印泥 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ophicalcitum 花乳石 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Epigraphy and archaeology 金石学和考古学 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Questions:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	To which dynasty can the origin of seal carving be traced?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	How are Chinese seal carvings categorized based on the inscription type?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	What are the steps involved in the production of Chinese seal carvings?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	What are the common fonts used in Chinese seal carvings?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	What are the key features of seal carvings from the Indus Valley and Cyprus?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Answers:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	The origin of seal carving can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, over 3,000 years ago. During the Shang Dynasty, seals were used to inscribe oracle bone script for recording daily life, laying the foundation for the later development of seal carving art.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	Based on the inscription, Chinese seal carvings can be divided into two types: relief seals ( white script seals) and raised seals ( red script seals).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	The production process primarily involves four steps: material selection, design, engraving, and finishing with a trial impression.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	Common fonts used in seal carving include seal script, clerical script, and running script. Seal script, due to its decorative and artistic qualities, is most commonly used for seals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	Seal carvings from the Indus Valley often feature unicorn motifs, while seals from Cyprus are typically engraved multiple times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''References：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.(Li Song. Encyclopedia of China (3rd edition, online version). January 20, 2022.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.(Wang Ke. A Study on the Influence and Inspiration of Seal Cutting Art on Visual Communication Design [Master's Thesis]. Hunan Normal University, 2009.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.(Zhao Changzhi, Zhu Zhu. History of Chinese Seal Cutting Art [Monograph]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2006.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''AI Statement '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164843</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164843"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T10:12:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:six.jpg]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:seven.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(英文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Seal Carving'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Abstract'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Seal carving, as an essential part of traditional Chinese culture, integrates calligraphy, engraving, and painting, carrying profound historical and cultural symbolism. This paper reviews the historical evolution of seal carving, exploring its origins in the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty, its role as a symbol of power during the Qin and Han Dynasties, its artistic transformation during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and its peak development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. By analyzing the changes in seal carving styles, techniques, and aesthetics across different historical periods, this study reveals the deep cultural and artistic value of seal carving. The paper also discusses the craftsmanship of seal carving, including material selection, engraving techniques, and the evolution of seal forms, illustrating both the inheritance and innovation of the craft. Additionally, a comparison is made between the seal carving traditions of the Indus Valley and the Mediterranean region, exploring the similarities, differences, and intercultural fusion of seal carving art in different cultural contexts.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Ⅰ.Introduction'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Seal carving, named after the use of seal script for its inscriptions, is an important component of traditional Chinese art that blends calligraphy, engraving techniques, and painting aesthetics. The inscriptions and forms of seals not only showcase China’s profound artistic traditions and diverse expressions but also reflect the changes in Chinese history and culture. Since ancient times, seal carving has carried rich cultural connotations and symbolic meanings, holding an important position in the social, economic, and cultural transmission of China. It has had a far-reaching influence on the art and social life of various historical periods (Sun 2004, 2).&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Ⅱ.History'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Seal carving originated in China, with a history of over three thousand years, later spreading and becoming popular in East Asia. According to available records, the history of seals can be traced back more than three thousand years to the Shang Dynasty (see Figure 1), when oracle bone inscriptions were carved on tortoise shells and animal bones to record daily life, laying the foundation for the origin of seals. During the Zhou Dynasty, bronze seals were used as proof of official identity and symbols of authority. The engraved characters were in large seal script(Da zhuan), which resembled inscriptions on bronzeware and stone carvings, embodying the symbolic demands of power (Wang 2009, 9).&lt;br /&gt;
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After the Qin Dynasty unified the six states, centralization of power was strengthened, and reforms such as unified currency, script, and measurements were carried out. These reforms in the field of seal carving were reflected in the hierarchical system, uniform script, and simplicity in style. The unified script of the Qin Dynasty, known as small seal script (Xiao zhuan), featured rounded and flowing characters, suitable for writing official documents. This was followed by the development of the more decorative impression seal script (mo yin zhuan), widely used for seals and other items. Although the Qin Dynasty was short-lived, Qin seals had a profound influence on later generations. During the Han Dynasty, the seal script evolved from impression seal script to Mao seal script (Han zhuan), with characters becoming more upright and square, resembling clerical script, which was both functional and aesthetically pleasing. Han Dynasty seals (see Figure 2) were varied, exquisitely crafted, and meticulously arranged. During the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the spread of paper influenced the way seals were used. This led to a shift from clay seal impressions to red ink seals on paper. Official and private seals gradually favored red ink impressions. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, rulers advocated the use of large seals, incorporating &amp;quot;nine-fold characters&amp;quot; to create complex and hard-to-read inscriptions, which gradually reduced the functional role of official seals. Meanwhile, scholar-official seals returned to the style of Han Dynasty seals, emphasizing artistic value and marking the rise of seal carving as an art form. This period marked the transition from practical seals to artistic creations (Zhao &amp;amp; Zhu 2006, 158). Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, seals gradually shifted from practical functions to artistic appreciation. The types of scholar seals increased, including name seals and collection seals. Seals became not only symbols of identity but also important carriers of artistic creation. Since the birth of seals, their materials have typically been of high hardness, such as bronze, jade, and ivory, and they were made by craftsmen. It wasn't until the late Yuan Dynasty, when the painter Wang Mian began using ophicalcitum to carve his own seals, that scholars began to work independently, shifting from collaboration with craftsmen to becoming the main force in seal carving art. With the rise of epigraphy and archaeology, the collection and dissemination of ancient bronzeware, steles, seals, and other inscriptions further promoted the development of seal carving art. The Ming and Qing Dynasties (see Figure 3) are often considered the peak period for seal carving. During the Ming Dynasty, Wen Peng vigorously promoted and reformed seal materials. During this time, numerous schools and renowned masters of seal carving emerged. Artists displayed great ingenuity and talent, seeking innovation while drawing upon the traditions of the past. At the same time, the compilation of seal catalogues and the development of seal theory further accelerated this progress, marking the second peak in the history of seal development since the Han Dynasty (Wang 2009, 11).&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:qing.jpg]]图3&lt;br /&gt;
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'''III. Classification'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Chinese seal carving can be categorized from several perspectives, with the following main classifications:&lt;br /&gt;
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1.By Function&lt;br /&gt;
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Official Seal : Used by government officials as a symbol of authority and identity, with legal validity. Typically employed by the government or official institutions.&lt;br /&gt;
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Private Seal : Used by individuals or families as a mark of ownership, often for signing documents or handling private affairs.&lt;br /&gt;
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Scholarly Seal : Used by scholars, calligraphers, painters, and collectors. In addition to serving as personal marks, these seals also carry artistic value and are often used to authenticate or signify ownership of artworks or collections.&lt;br /&gt;
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2.By Inscription Type&lt;br /&gt;
Relief Seal: When the engraved text on the seal is recessed, often referred to as &amp;quot;white script&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;relief seal&amp;quot; (see Figure 4).&lt;br /&gt;
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Raised Seal: When the engraved text is raised, typically called &amp;quot;red script&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;raised seal&amp;quot; (see Figure 5). This type of seal is particularly effective when printed with red ink, showing the raised text clearly.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
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3.By Crafting Technique&lt;br /&gt;
Cast Seal: Seals made using casting techniques, usually for larger or symbolic seals.&lt;br /&gt;
Carved Seal: Seals made by hand-carving, often used for scholar-made seals, with intricate craftsmanship focusing on artistic quality.&lt;br /&gt;
Molded Seal: Seals created using molds, simpler in design and often used for more generic seals.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Ⅳ.Manufacturing Process'''&lt;br /&gt;
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The process of making Chinese seals is a traditional craft that integrates carving, calligraphy, and art, with deep historical and cultural significance. The craftsmanship is meticulous, requiring the carver to possess exceptional skill and a solid foundation in calligraphy. Common manufacturing methods include sand casting, casting, and engraving. Metal seals are typically molded first and then cast, while crystal or jade seals were traditionally hand-carved, though modern methods often involve electric engraving. Stone, ivory, and horn seals are usually directly carved with engraving tools (Li 2022).&lt;br /&gt;
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The manufacturing process involves four main steps: material selection, design, engraving, and finishing with a trial impression. Material Selection: The type of material is crucial to the texture, durability, and artistic effect of the seal. Common materials include Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Changhua stone, jade such as Hetian jade and emerald, as well as bronze, ivory, and wood. Design: The designer selects appropriate fonts and styles based on the owner’s needs. Common fonts include seal script, clerical script, and running script, with seal script often preferred due to its decorative and artistic qualities. The designer also determines the arrangement of characters based on the size and shape of the seal, ensuring both aesthetic appeal and legibility. Engraving: The core step of the process, where the carver uses specialized tools (see Figures 6 and 7) to carve the chosen characters into the seal, creating the raised or recessed effects (yang and yin script). In addition to the text, decorative motifs such as patterns and auspicious symbols are also carved to enhance the artistic and personalized nature of the seal. Finishing and Trial Impression: The completed seal undergoes polishing, grinding, and careful inspection to ensure a smooth surface and clear, accurate inscriptions. The seal is then tested, typically with cinnabar ink, to check the clarity and completeness of the print. If any issues are found, minor adjustments or re-carving may be required to ensure perfection.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:six.jpg]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:seven.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Ⅴ.Seal Carving in Other Regions'''&lt;br /&gt;
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1. Indus Valley&lt;br /&gt;
Seals from the Indus Valley civilization are important cultural artifacts, serving not only as tools for writing but also playing a crucial role in social and political spheres. Most of these seals were made from steatite (soapstone), a material prized for its ease of carving and durability after firing, making it the preferred choice of artisans at the time. The properties of steatite made these seals durable, enabling them to preserve and transmit cultural and economic information over time (Jamison 2013, 226).&lt;br /&gt;
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The seals primarily come in square and rectangular shapes, with square seals often featuring inscriptions and animal motifs, especially those with depictions of unicorns, which are most commonly found (see Figure 8). While individual carving styles varied among different artisans, all the seals carry deep cultural symbolism. Additionally, as symbols of wealth and power, these seals were typically used by the ruling elite to legitimize and reinforce their social authority. The inscriptions and motifs on the seals not only recorded economic transactions, religious rituals, and ownership but also served as symbols of authority, communicating the social status and control of the ruling class. As such, the seals can be regarded as a symbol of elite power and are key tools for understanding the social and political structure of the Indus Valley civilization (Jamison 2013, 226).&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
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2. Cyprus (An island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea)&lt;br /&gt;
Cypriot seal carving, particularly the cylindrical seals, is an art form of significant historical, administrative, and cultural importance during the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age. These seals were primarily made from hard materials such as stone and jade, and are commonly found in burial sites, sanctuaries, residential areas, and workshops. The variety in shape, material, and design reflects the diversity of Cypriot art and the interactions with surrounding regional cultures (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
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Cylindrical seals are often characterized by repeated re-carving. Many seals were engraved multiple times, with some even showing up to four or five layers of carving. This reflects the seals' evolution over time as they passed through different owners. Each new engraving not only mirrors the artistic styles of different periods but also reveals societal changes and cultural exchanges. These seals were not just administrative tools; they also carried symbols of power, identity, and religion, showcasing the cultural and political transformations of Cypriot society (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
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The designs on the seals typically feature abstract patterns and symbolic motifs, often linked to themes of power and religious belief. Especially during the Late Bronze Age, the complex patterns on the seals were not only decorative but also held significant social functions. Over time, the seals gradually shifted from administrative tools to symbols of identity, becoming more associated with personal and cultural expression (Smith 2014, 206).&lt;br /&gt;
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Overall, Cypriot seal carving displays materials, designs, and engraving techniques that reflect cultural exchanges with the ancient Near East, Egypt, Anatolia, and the Aegean region. These seals are not merely historical artifacts but also important witnesses to the cultural and societal changes of Cyprus (Smith 2014, 208).&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Terminology and Expressions：'''&lt;br /&gt;
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Seal carving 篆刻 &lt;br /&gt;
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Oracle bone script 甲骨文 &lt;br /&gt;
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Large seal script 大篆 &lt;br /&gt;
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Small seal script 小篆 &lt;br /&gt;
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Clerical script 隶书 &lt;br /&gt;
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Running script 行书 &lt;br /&gt;
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Red script seal (raised seal) 朱文印 &lt;br /&gt;
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White script seal (relief seal) 白文印 &lt;br /&gt;
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Imperial seal 玺印 &lt;br /&gt;
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Seal ink 印泥 &lt;br /&gt;
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Ophicalcitum 花乳石 &lt;br /&gt;
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Epigraphy and archaeology 金石学和考古学 &lt;br /&gt;
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'''Questions:'''&lt;br /&gt;
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1.	To which dynasty can the origin of seal carving be traced?&lt;br /&gt;
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2.	How are Chinese seal carvings categorized based on the inscription type?&lt;br /&gt;
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3.	What are the steps involved in the production of Chinese seal carvings?&lt;br /&gt;
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4.	What are the common fonts used in Chinese seal carvings?&lt;br /&gt;
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5.	What are the key features of seal carvings from the Indus Valley and Cyprus?&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Answers:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	The origin of seal carving can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, over 3,000 years ago. During the Shang Dynasty, seals were used to inscribe oracle bone script for recording daily life, laying the foundation for the later development of seal carving art.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	Based on the inscription, Chinese seal carvings can be divided into two types: relief seals ( white script seals) and raised seals ( red script seals).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	The production process primarily involves four steps: material selection, design, engraving, and finishing with a trial impression.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	Common fonts used in seal carving include seal script, clerical script, and running script. Seal script, due to its decorative and artistic qualities, is most commonly used for seals.&lt;br /&gt;
5.	Seal carvings from the Indus Valley often feature unicorn motifs, while seals from Cyprus are typically engraved multiple times.&lt;br /&gt;
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'''References：'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
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[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
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[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
'''AI Statement '''&lt;br /&gt;
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I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:58:18Z</updated>

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&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
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= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
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'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
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'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:six.jpg]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:seven.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ta.jpeg&amp;diff=164839</id>
		<title>File:Ta.jpeg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ta.jpeg&amp;diff=164839"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:56:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: Wang Yan2 uploaded a new version of &amp;amp;quot;File:Ta.jpeg&amp;amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164838</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164838"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:55:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
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Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
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Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ta]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:seven.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:54:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:54:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:53:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:four.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:five.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ta]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:tb.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>File:Tb.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Tb.jpg&amp;diff=164833"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:50:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:50:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>File:Zhu.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Zhu.jpg&amp;diff=164831"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:50:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T09:49:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164829</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164829"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:49:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:bai.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:zhu.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ta]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:tb.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ba.jpg&amp;diff=164828</id>
		<title>File:Ba.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ba.jpg&amp;diff=164828"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:48:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: Wang Yan2 uploaded a new version of &amp;amp;quot;File:Ba.jpg&amp;amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ba.jpg&amp;diff=164827</id>
		<title>File:Ba.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ba.jpg&amp;diff=164827"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:46:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Qing.jpg&amp;diff=164826</id>
		<title>File:Qing.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Qing.jpg&amp;diff=164826"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:45:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164825</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164825"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T09:45:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:qing.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:bai.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:zhu.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ta]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:tb.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:ba.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻 Seal carving&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甲骨文 Oracle bone script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
大篆 Large seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
小篆 Small seal script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
隶书 Clerical script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行书 Running script&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱文印 Red script seal (raised seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
白文印 White script seal (relief seal)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
玺印 Imperial seal&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印泥 Seal ink&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
花乳石 Ophicalcitum&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
金石学和考古学 Epigraphy and archaeology&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
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		<title>File:Toola.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Toola.jpg&amp;diff=164782"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T08:19:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
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		<title>File:Zhuwenyin.jpg</title>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T08:19:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Baiwenyin.jpg&amp;diff=164780</id>
		<title>File:Baiwenyin.jpg</title>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T08:18:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Qingdai.jpg&amp;diff=164779</id>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T08:18:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
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		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164778</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
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		<updated>2024-12-31T08:18:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 14, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:qingdai.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:baiwenyin.jpg]]图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:zhuwenyin.jpg]]图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:toola.jpg]]图6&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:toolb.jpg]]图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:Indus.jpg]]图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Donghan.jpg&amp;diff=164774</id>
		<title>File:Donghan.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Donghan.jpg&amp;diff=164774"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T08:10:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: donghan&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;donghan&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Shangdai.jpg&amp;diff=164771</id>
		<title>File:Shangdai.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Shangdai.jpg&amp;diff=164771"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T08:05:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164770</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164770"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T08:05:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Final Paper(中文版) */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:shangdai.jpg]]图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:donghan.jpg]]图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
 [[File:qingdai.jpg]]图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
 图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
 图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
 图6&lt;br /&gt;
 图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
 图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164766</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164766"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T07:52:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''摘要'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅰ.简介'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅱ.历史'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
 图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
 图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅲ.分类'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
 图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
 图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅳ.制作步骤'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
 图6&lt;br /&gt;
 图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
 图8&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''术语表达：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''问题：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''答案：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''参考文献：'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''人工智能声明 '''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164757</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=164757"/>
		<updated>2024-12-31T07:42:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
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Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Final Paper(中文版) =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
摘要&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻艺术作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，融合了书法、雕刻与绘画，深刻承载着丰富的历史与文化象征。本文回顾了篆刻的历史演变，探讨了其从商代甲骨文的起源，到秦汉时期作为权力象征的功能，再到唐宋的艺术转型与明清的巅峰发展。通过分析不同历史阶段篆刻风格、技法及审美的变化，揭示了篆刻在文化与艺术方面的深远价值。文章还讨论了篆刻的制作工艺，包括材料选择、雕刻技法与印章形式的演变，阐明了技艺的传承与创新。此外，本文还对比了印度河与地中海地区的篆刻艺术，探索了不同文化背景下篆刻艺术的异同与交融。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ⅰ.简介&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻，因其刻印常使用篆书字体而得名，融合了书法、雕刻技艺与绘画美学，是中国传统艺术的重要组成部分。篆刻的铭文和印章形态，不仅展示了中国艺术的深厚传统与多元表现，也见证了中国历史与文化的变迁。自古以来，篆刻便承载着丰富的文化内涵和象征意义，在中国社会经济与文化传承中占据重要地位，对各个历史时期的艺术与社会生活产生了深远影响（Sun 2004, 2）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ⅱ.历史&lt;br /&gt;
篆刻起源于中国，在中国已有超过三千年的历史，后传播并流行于东亚地区。根据现有资料，印章的历史可追溯至三千多年前的商代（见图1），当时利用龟甲兽骨刻写甲骨文来记录生活，为印章的起源奠定了基础。周代，青铜印章作为官员身份凭证和行使职权的象征，刻铸的文字为“籀书”（大篆），与青铜器和石刻文字相似，体现了权力的象征性需求（王 2009，9）。&lt;br /&gt;
秦朝统一六国后，加强中央集权，统一货币、文字、度量衡，这一改革在印章领域表现为制度上的等级性、文字上的统一性和风格上的朴实性。秦代的统一文字称“篆书”（小篆），字形圆润流畅，适用于公文书写。此后，发展出装饰性较强的“摹印篆”，广泛应用于印章等物品。尽管秦朝短暂，秦印对后代影响深远。汉代印章文字由“摹印篆”演变为“缪篆”（汉篆），字形平直方整，近似隶书，富有趣味。还有“急就章”，笔迹锋利简洁。汉代（见图2）印章文字种类繁多，制作精湛，章法严谨。魏晋南北朝时期，纸张的普及影响了印章的使用方式，从封泥印章转变为纸上的朱文印章，官私印章逐渐以朱文印为主。唐宋时期，执政者主张使用大印，并采用“九叠文”，使字形复杂难辨，官印功能逐渐衰退。文人印章逐渐回归汉印风格，体现了较强的艺术性，标志着篆刻艺术的兴起，成为从实用印章向艺术转变的过渡期（赵＆祝 2006，158）。自宋元以来，印章逐渐由实用功能转向艺术欣赏，文人印章种类增多，包括名号印、收藏印、斋馆印等。印章不仅是身份象征，也成为艺术创作的重要载体。自印章诞生以来，其制作材料多为高硬度材质，如铜、玉石、象牙等，并由工匠主导，直到元末画家王冕使用花乳石自刻印章，文人才开始脱离工匠合作，成为篆刻艺术的主力。随着金石学和考古学的兴起，古代铜器、碑版、玺印等文字的收集和传播，推动了篆刻艺术的进一步发展。明清（见图3）两代称得上是印童热的时代，自明代文彭大力推广、改革印材起，其间篆刻艺术派别众多、名家辈出，艺术家们发挥了高度的智慧才能，在摹古的基础上力求翻新;同时，印谱汇辑、印学理论的发展更是推波助澜，成就了自汉代以来印章发展史上的第二次高潮期（王 2009，11）。&lt;br /&gt;
 图1商代甲骨文篆刻印章&lt;br /&gt;
 图2东汉官印&lt;br /&gt;
 图3清代皇帝奉天之宝&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ⅲ.分类&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章可以从多个角度进行分类，主要包括以下几种方式：&lt;br /&gt;
1. 按功能分类&lt;br /&gt;
官印：用于官员的职权和身份象征，具有法律效力，通常由政府或官府使用。&lt;br /&gt;
私印：由个人或家庭使用，作为私人物品的标识，通常用于文件签署或私人事务中。&lt;br /&gt;
文人印：由文人、书画家、收藏家使用，除了作为私人标识外，还具有艺术性，通常用于书画作品的鉴定或收藏。&lt;br /&gt;
2. 按印文分类&lt;br /&gt;
阴文印：刻制印章时，印面文字呈凹陷状态，通常称为白文印或阴文印（见图4）。&lt;br /&gt;
阳文印：刻制印章时，印面文字凸起，通常称为朱文印或阳文印（见图5），以红色印泥印刷时效果尤为明显。&lt;br /&gt;
 图4 白文印（印面为红字白底）&lt;br /&gt;
 图5 朱文印（印面为白字红底）&lt;br /&gt;
3. 按制作工艺分类&lt;br /&gt;
铸造印：通过铸造技术制作的印章，通常用于大型印章或具有象征意义的印章。&lt;br /&gt;
雕刻印：通过手工雕刻制作的印章，多用于文人自刻印章，雕刻工艺精湛，注重艺术性。&lt;br /&gt;
模印：通过模具制作的印章，较为简单，通常用于一些普通印章的制作。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ⅳ.制作步骤&lt;br /&gt;
中国的篆刻印章制作是一项集雕刻、书法和艺术于一体的传统工艺，具有深厚的历史背景和文化内涵。制作工艺精细，要求雕刻师具备高超的技艺和深厚的书法功底。常见的制作方法包括翻砂、拔蜡、铸印和凿印，金属印章一般先刻模再浇铸；晶玉印章古时手工琢成，现多采用电刻；石、牙、角等印章则直接用刻刀雕刻（李 2022）。&lt;br /&gt;
制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。第一步，选材。材料的种类对印章的质感、耐用性和艺术效果至关重要。常用材料有寿山石、青田石、昌化石等石材，玉石如和田玉、翡翠等，铜、象牙和木材等也常用于印章制作。第二步，设计。设计师根据印主的需求选择合适的字体和风格，常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而多用于印章。设计师还会根据印章的大小和形状确定文字排布，确保文字既符合书法美学，又清晰可见。篆刻是制作中的核心步骤，雕刻师使用特殊工具（见图6和图7）将设计好的文字刻入印章，精确雕刻出阴阳文（凹凸）效果。除了文字，雕刻师还会在印章上刻制装饰性图案，如花纹和吉祥物，以增强艺术性和个性。第四步，润色与试印。完成的印章会经过打磨、抛光和细致检查，确保表面光滑、文字清晰无误。印章还需进行“试印”测试，通常使用朱红色印泥，以检查印文的清晰度和完整性。如有问题，可能需要进行微调或重新雕刻，确保完美呈现。&lt;br /&gt;
 图6&lt;br /&gt;
 图7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ⅴ.其他地区的篆刻&lt;br /&gt;
1.印度河流域&lt;br /&gt;
印度河流域印章是该文明的重要文化载体，作为书写工具，它不仅用于传递信息，还在社会政治中发挥了关键作用。大多数印章由滑石（皂石）制成，这种材料因其易于雕刻且烧制后坚硬，成为当时工匠的首选。滑石的特性使得印章在传递文化和经济信息时具备了持久性（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
印章主要有方形和矩形两种类型，其中方形印章多刻有文字和动物图案，尤其是带有独角兽图案的方形印章（见图8）最为常见。虽然不同工匠的雕刻风格有所差异，但所有印章都承载了深刻的文化象征。此外，作为财富和权力的象征，印章通常被统治阶层使用，帮助他们合法化并巩固社会秩序。印章上的铭文和图案不仅记录了经济交易、宗教仪式和所有权，还作为权威的象征，传达了统治阶级的社会地位和控制权。因此，印章可以被视为精英权力的标志，是理解印度河流域社会政治结构的关键工具（Jamison 2013，226）。&lt;br /&gt;
 图8&lt;br /&gt;
2.塞浦路斯&lt;br /&gt;
塞浦路斯的篆刻印章，尤其是圆柱形印章，是晚期青铜时代和铁器时代具有重要历史、行政和文化意义的艺术形式。这些印章多由石材、玉石等坚硬材料制成，常见于墓葬、圣所、住宅和作坊等遗址，形状、材质和设计各异，反映了塞浦路斯艺术的多样性及与周边地区文化的互动(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
圆柱形印章常见的特点是多次重新雕刻。许多印章被反复雕刻，甚至有些印章上雕刻层次达四五次，这体现了印章随着时间推移、经历不同拥有者的变化。每次雕刻的更新不仅反映了不同时期的艺术风格，也揭示了社会变动和文化交流。这些印章既是行政工具，也承载了权力、身份和宗教象征，展现了塞浦路斯社会的文化与政治变迁(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
印章设计通常包括抽象图案和象征性符号，常与权力和宗教信仰相关。尤其在晚期青铜时代，印章的复杂图案不仅具有装饰性，也承担着重要的社会功能。随着时间的推移，印章从行政用途逐渐向艺术表达转变，成为身份的象征(Smith 2014, 206)。&lt;br /&gt;
总体而言，塞浦路斯的篆刻印章在材质、设计和雕刻技法上展示了与古代近东、埃及、安那托利亚及爱琴海地区的文化交流。它们不仅是历史遗物，更是塞浦路斯文化和社会变革的重要见证(Smith 2014, 208)。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
术语表达：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
问题：&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到哪个朝代？&lt;br /&gt;
2.	中国的篆刻印章按照印文分类可以分为哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
3.	中国的篆刻印章的制作步骤有哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
4.	篆刻印章上的字体通常是哪些？&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域和塞浦路斯的篆刻印章各自最大的特色是什么？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
答案：&lt;br /&gt;
1.	篆刻的起源可以追溯到商代，约三千多年前。商代时期，印章用于刻写甲骨文记录生活，为后来的篆刻艺术奠定了基础。&lt;br /&gt;
2.	按照印文的不同，篆刻印章可以分为两种类型：阴文印（白文印）和阳文印（朱文印）&lt;br /&gt;
3.	制作过程主要包括选材、设计、篆刻、润色与试印四个步骤。&lt;br /&gt;
4.	常见字体有篆书、隶书、行书等，篆书因其装饰性和艺术性较强而最常用于印章。&lt;br /&gt;
5.	印度河流域篆刻印章上出现有独角兽图案；塞浦路斯的篆刻印章常常被多次雕刻。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
参考文献：&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Jamison, G. M. (2013). Experimental and ethnoarchaeological approaches to indus seal production: modeling variation in manufacturing techniques. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology, 1, 222-43.&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Smith, J. S., Brown, B. A., &amp;amp; Feldman, M. H. (2014). Histories of Cypriot Art through seal carving. Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, 205-237.&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Sun, W. Chinese Seals: Carving Authority and Creating History. Arts of China. Long River Press, 2004. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=A0S4bm25ljMC.&lt;br /&gt;
[4] 李松. 《中国大百科全书》第三版网络版. 2022-01-20.&lt;br /&gt;
[5] 王可.篆刻艺术对视觉传达设计的影响与启示研究[D].湖南师范大学,2009.&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 赵昌智 祝竹. 中国篆刻史[M].上海：上海人民出版社，2006.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能声明 &lt;br /&gt;
我在此保证没有用人工智能帮助我写这篇课程论文&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163976</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163976"/>
		<updated>2024-12-19T11:08:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 13, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about team building activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 14, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about project kickoff meeting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 15, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about salary negotiation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 16, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing souvenirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 17, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about joining clubs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 18, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about purchasing property.&lt;br /&gt;
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= Dec 19, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about camping in the wilderness.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163790</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163790"/>
		<updated>2024-12-12T11:34:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 14, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about booking a hotel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about plan determination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about lunch invitation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 9, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about renting a house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 10, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about gym exercise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 11, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about planning a family vacation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 12, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus library.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163586</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163586"/>
		<updated>2024-12-05T13:03:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Nov 6, 2024 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 7, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 8, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 9, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 10, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 11, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 12, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 13, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 14, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 15, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 16, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 17, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 18, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 19, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 20, 2024 = &lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 21, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 22, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 23, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 24, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 25, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 26, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 27, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 28, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 29, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 30, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 1, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 2, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 3, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 4, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Dec 5, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163585</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163585"/>
		<updated>2024-12-05T12:57:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Nov 6, 2024 =&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 7, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 8, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 9, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 10, 2024 Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 11, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 12, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 13, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 14, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 15, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 16, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 17, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 18, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 19, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 20, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 21, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 22, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 23, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 24, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 25, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 26, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 27, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 28, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 29, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 30, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 1, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 2, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 3, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 4, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 5, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163584</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163584"/>
		<updated>2024-12-05T12:56:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 6, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 7, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 8, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 9, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 10, 2024 Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 11, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 12, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 13, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 14, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 15, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 16, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 17, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 18, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 19, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 20, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 21, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 22, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 23, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 24, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 25, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 26, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 27, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 28, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 29, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about reading and communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 30, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about film exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 1, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about career planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 2, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about on board service.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 3, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about applying for a visa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 4, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dec 5, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about roommates.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163395</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163395"/>
		<updated>2024-11-28T11:28:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 6, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 7, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 8, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 9, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 10, 2024 Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 11, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 12, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 13, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 14, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 15, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 16, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 17, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 18, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 19, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 20, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 21, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 22, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about business negotiations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 23, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about study abroad application.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 24, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekend arrangements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 25, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about debate competition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 26, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dining in the cafeteria.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 27, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about visiting tourist attractions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 28, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about dream.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163394</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163394"/>
		<updated>2024-11-28T11:19:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 6, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 7, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 8, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 9, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 10, 2024 Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 11, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 12, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 13, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 14, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 15, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 16, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 17, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 18, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 19, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 20, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nov 21, 2024 Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=163391</id>
		<title>Chinese Language and Culture 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=163391"/>
		<updated>2024-11-28T11:12:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp;amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations=&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;best&amp;quot;, but did it instead use vocabulary like &amp;quot;fascinating&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;surprising&amp;quot; etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)&lt;br /&gt;
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Memo&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan&lt;br /&gt;
*Drovan&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan &lt;br /&gt;
*Cynthia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan&lt;br /&gt;
*Doris&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jennie&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi&lt;br /&gt;
*Esther&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*Lyra&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin&lt;br /&gt;
*Shirleen&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai&lt;br /&gt;
*Eavan&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei&lt;br /&gt;
*Lilian&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting&lt;br /&gt;
*Sherry&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Lydia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying&lt;br /&gt;
*Cathy &lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoe&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao&lt;br /&gt;
*Wendy&lt;br /&gt;
*Fu Xinke&lt;br /&gt;
*Finger&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoey&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan&lt;br /&gt;
*Landy&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan&lt;br /&gt;
*Peter&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin&lt;br /&gt;
*ceci&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan&lt;br /&gt;
*Grace&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Mandy&lt;br /&gt;
*Rachel&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin&lt;br /&gt;
*Binbin&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man&lt;br /&gt;
*Emily&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu&lt;br /&gt;
*Chris&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen&lt;br /&gt;
*Zachary&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Estrella&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying&lt;br /&gt;
*Becca&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing&lt;br /&gt;
*Raymond&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Guangzi&lt;br /&gt;
*Alan&lt;br /&gt;
*Hannah&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Amy&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Winnie&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi&lt;br /&gt;
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture ....................................................................... 75&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211&lt;br /&gt;
25.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance&lt;br /&gt;
6&lt;br /&gt;
......................................................................................... 217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343&lt;br /&gt;
40.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436&lt;br /&gt;
7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.&lt;br /&gt;
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509&lt;br /&gt;
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
58.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59.&lt;br /&gt;
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient&lt;br /&gt;
8&lt;br /&gt;
China&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................................ 680&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
79.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
80.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
81.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
82.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
83.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
84.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
85.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
86.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
88.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
89.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
91.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
92.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
93.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
94.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
95.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
96.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
97.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
98.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................ 889&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
100.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
103.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)&lt;br /&gt;
105.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
106.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
107.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
108.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
109.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
110.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
112.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
113.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
114.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
115.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
116.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
117.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
118.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
119.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
120.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
121.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
122.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
123.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
124.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
125.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
127.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
128.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
129.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
130.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
131.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
132.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
133.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
134.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
135.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
136.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
139.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
140.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
141.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
143.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
144.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
145.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
146.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
147.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
149.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
150.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
151.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
159.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
160.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
161.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
162.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
163.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
164.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
165.&lt;br /&gt;
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
166.&lt;br /&gt;
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
167.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
170.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
172.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
173.&lt;br /&gt;
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
175.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
177.&lt;br /&gt;
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
178.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
181.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
182.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
183.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184.&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
185.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186.&lt;br /&gt;
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
187.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691  (Liu Peinan/Peter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
190.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
192.&lt;br /&gt;
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196.&lt;br /&gt;
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
199.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203.&lt;br /&gt;
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
204.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
205.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
206.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207.&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
209.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
210.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949  (Wu Jiaying  Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
215.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
216.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
217.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
218.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
219.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
220.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
221.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 &lt;br /&gt;
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
222.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
223.&lt;br /&gt;
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节&lt;br /&gt;
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
224.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
225.&lt;br /&gt;
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
226.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
227.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
228.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
229.&lt;br /&gt;
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092  (Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
230.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
231.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
232.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
233.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
234.&lt;br /&gt;
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
235.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
236.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
237.&lt;br /&gt;
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
238.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
239.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
240.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213  （Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
241.&lt;br /&gt;
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221  （Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
242.&lt;br /&gt;
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
243.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
244.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
245.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
246.&lt;br /&gt;
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
247.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
248.&lt;br /&gt;
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
249.&lt;br /&gt;
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
250.&lt;br /&gt;
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
251.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
252.&lt;br /&gt;
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=&lt;br /&gt;
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) &lt;br /&gt;
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏)  …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29. &amp;quot;Cun Chao&amp;quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and  Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;porcellain&amp;quot; in the textbook. &lt;br /&gt;
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;Erhu&amp;quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.  Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞）......（Hu Zetao）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75. Palace Lantern（宫灯）......（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓）......（Huang Qi/Esther）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ........（Wang Xuan/ Cynthia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.The God of Wealth(财神爷)......(Wu Jing/ Jennie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Homework: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Contemporary_Chinese_Literature_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Four_New_Inventions(2)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）  [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Chopsticks(2)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)  [[Media:Hot Pot_Fall_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Student roll=&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu n&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Yicen n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Task 1: Please decide whether you &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- want to use &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- or not want to use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The groups should almost be equally large.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AI group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a 95, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a 90, 加分: 0,&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Shanshan a 91, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Weiping 90, a &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zilan 95, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Linjia a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''', &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Shanshan a 83, 加分: 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zetao a,0,0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Zechen a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Caiyun a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiao_Mengting 91, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Kuang_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Le_Yuxuan 92, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Dinghao a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Songlin a 70, 加分: 5 = '''75'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Xiaosu a 86, 加分: 0, 0,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liang_Dan 82, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Huixuan a 93, 加分: 5 = '''98'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jieyu a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peinan a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2 a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zeyu a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhuofan a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Long_Jiayu a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Di 88, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ma_Ruiqing a 95, 加分: 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Pan_Yilin a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Lu a 94, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yixin a 89, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Sha_Lijia 85, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shi_Zhanning a 92, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 91, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Su_Yi a 86, 加分: 5 = '''91'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyan a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyu a 88, 加分: 0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei a 88, 加分: 5 = '''93'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yu a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xuan2 a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yan2 a 91, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yue a 89, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yujiao 87, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a 96, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Ziyi 92, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yixuan a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''', 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Fan a 90, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Hanxu a,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yao_Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xin a, 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Yange 87, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Jing a, 80&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Siyao a 93, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xukai a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Ranran a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Human group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu 0, 86, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Kuanshun n 85, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Pingan 0, 91, 加分: 5 = '''96''', 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Zibin 88 n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Han_Yaxuan 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Mengyan 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Chenmei n 91, 加分: 1 = '''92'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Li2 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Xinyu2 0, 0,0 , -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhehui 0, 91, 加分: 1 = '''92''', 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhouli 0, 93, 加分: 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n 88, 加分: 5 = '''93''',-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yingying 87, 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xudong 0, 85, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xia_Rong n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xie_Ke 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Yi 90, n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Man n 97, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Wenjing n 94, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Rui3 n 85, 加分: 0, -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xiaoqiao n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen 0, 89, 加分: 5 = '''94'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Task 2==&lt;br /&gt;
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write &amp;quot;Today I did not do anything for my language learning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How to find your homepage? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, in the name list of the groups, please add &amp;quot;f&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;m&amp;quot; for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from &amp;quot;city&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;, from &amp;quot;Changsha&amp;quot; or from a different city &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Oct 31, 2024 \=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Student Presentations today==&lt;br /&gt;
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao(1)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Media:Taobao(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Taobao(3)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 9 Thursday Nov 7, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love p. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline) [[Media:Marriage_and_Love_(1)2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage and love (2)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan p. 1615 (Su Yi/Suri) [[Media:Tangyuan_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship p. 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)[[Media:Ancestor_Worship_2024-.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music p. 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)[[Media:Chinese_Music_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） p. 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)[[Media:Mobile_Games_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing p. 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)[[Media:Vintage_Clothing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 10 Thursday Nov 14, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers p. 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）[[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]][[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) p. 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）[[Media:PDD_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People p. 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)[[Media:Marriage_and_Burial_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(3)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 p. 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）[[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(1).pptx]][[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(2).pptx]] [[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(3).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196. Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 p. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(1).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(2).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197. Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 p. 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)[[Media:Chinese_Rural_Dogs2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 11 Thursday Nov 21, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198. Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 p. 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）[[Media:Hanfu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200. Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 p. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)[[Media:Suzhou_Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201. Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 p.1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)[[Media:Moon-shaped_ Fans_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202. Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 p. 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)[[Media:Miao_Silver_Ornaments_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203. Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 p. 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）[[Media:Facial_ Physiognomy_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
204. Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 p. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)[[Media:Chinese_Chess_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 12 Thursday Nov 28, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Student roll&lt;br /&gt;
#Final Exam Paper: No AI. If AI: Prompt, adjustments at the References Section&lt;br /&gt;
#Language Learning Progress Diary&lt;br /&gt;
#Remaining presentations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207. The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 p. 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）[[Media:Four_Gentlemen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208. Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 p.1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele) [[Media:Flower_Fairy_Festival_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211. Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 p. 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)[[Media:Sexy_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212. Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 p. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)[[Media:Flower-drum_Opera_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213. Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 p. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）[[Media:Shangsi_Festival_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 p. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)[[Media:Self-combing_female_2024.pptx]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=163390</id>
		<title>Chinese Language and Culture 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=163390"/>
		<updated>2024-11-28T11:12:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp;amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Grading Criteria for Powerpoint Presentations=&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation based on scientific facts, did the presenter also conduct some research on the topic and did he/she also add her own experience or her own opinion/perspective and marking the two different perspectives as factual/subjective? Did the presentation avoid absolute judgments like &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;best&amp;quot;, but did it instead use vocabulary like &amp;quot;fascinating&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;surprising&amp;quot; etc. and also indicated to whom it is fascinating/surprising etc. and why?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation successful? Did it catch the attention of the audience over the whole time? Was the presenter persuading? Was the audience excited/fascinated? Did the audience learn something? (Or was the audience bored and talked the whole time without paying attention to the presenter?)&lt;br /&gt;
#Formal things: Was the speaker good to hear (loud/clear)? Did he make a self-confident impression and did he know his topic? Did the speaker speak freely and not read out? Where there meaningful pictures and graphs on the slides and only a few keywords, well sorted by numbers or bullet points (or was the powerpoint merely a text desert of small size script with the script being copied onto the slides)?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation appropriate to the topic?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the activity part meaningful and appropriate to the topic? Did it speak to everyone in the audience individually?&lt;br /&gt;
#Was the presentation not too short and not too long in time, but as long as the other presentations, so that all presentations of the day could be presented?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation consider the same cultural phenomenon both in China and in other countries, at least as a comparison?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation avoid mistakes like reading out text in a boring way, pronounciation mistakes, typos in the English text?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you indicate the sources you have used at least on the last page of your presentation in the form of a list?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you upload your ppt file successfully (if not, did you contact the teaching assistant to upload)?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you present your ppt file in the full screen mode?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did you arrive early in classroom to copy your file onto the desktop of the class computer and did you check it and also any embedded or accompanying video files etc. if everything works properly including sound?&lt;br /&gt;
#Did the presentation avoid deadly mistakes like plagiarism, using ai without indicating it (if you use ai to create the presentation, you need to indicate the platform and the full prompt you gave to ai and the main adjustments you did to the prompt), using ideology, patriotism, politics, religious beliefs, advertisement for products, ignorance (e.g. that a cultural phenomenon is wide spread in Asia and the origin is unclear, but claiming it was Chinese and originated in China), racism, prejudices, telling lies, spreading false rumors etc.?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Memo&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan&lt;br /&gt;
*Drovan&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan &lt;br /&gt;
*Cynthia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan&lt;br /&gt;
*Doris&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jennie&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi&lt;br /&gt;
*Esther&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*Lyra&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin&lt;br /&gt;
*Shirleen&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai&lt;br /&gt;
*Eavan&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei&lt;br /&gt;
*Lilian&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting&lt;br /&gt;
*Sherry&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Lydia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying&lt;br /&gt;
*Cathy &lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoe&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao&lt;br /&gt;
*Wendy&lt;br /&gt;
*Fu Xinke&lt;br /&gt;
*Finger&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoey&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan&lt;br /&gt;
*Landy&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan&lt;br /&gt;
*Peter&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin&lt;br /&gt;
*ceci&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan&lt;br /&gt;
*Grace&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Mandy&lt;br /&gt;
*Rachel&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin&lt;br /&gt;
*Binbin&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man&lt;br /&gt;
*Emily&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu&lt;br /&gt;
*Chris&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen&lt;br /&gt;
*Zachary&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Estrella&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying&lt;br /&gt;
*Becca&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing&lt;br /&gt;
*Raymond&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Guangzi&lt;br /&gt;
*Alan&lt;br /&gt;
*Hannah&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Amy&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Winnie&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi&lt;br /&gt;
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture ....................................................................... 75&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211&lt;br /&gt;
25.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance&lt;br /&gt;
6&lt;br /&gt;
......................................................................................... 217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343&lt;br /&gt;
40.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436&lt;br /&gt;
7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.&lt;br /&gt;
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509&lt;br /&gt;
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
58.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59.&lt;br /&gt;
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient&lt;br /&gt;
8&lt;br /&gt;
China&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................................ 680&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
79.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
80.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
81.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
82.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
83.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
84.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
85.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
86.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
88.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
89.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
91.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
92.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
93.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
94.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
95.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
96.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
97.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
98.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................ 889&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
100.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
103.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)&lt;br /&gt;
105.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
106.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
107.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
108.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
109.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
110.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
112.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
113.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
114.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
115.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
116.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
117.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
118.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
119.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
120.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
121.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
122.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
123.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
124.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
125.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
127.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
128.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
129.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
130.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
131.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
132.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
133.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
134.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
135.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
136.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
139.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
140.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
141.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
143.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
144.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
145.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
146.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
147.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
149.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
150.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
151.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
159.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
160.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
161.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
162.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
163.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
164.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
165.&lt;br /&gt;
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
166.&lt;br /&gt;
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
167.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
170.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
172.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
173.&lt;br /&gt;
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
175.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
177.&lt;br /&gt;
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
178.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
181.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
182.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
183.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184.&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
185.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186.&lt;br /&gt;
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
187.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691  (Liu Peinan/Peter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
190.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
192.&lt;br /&gt;
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196.&lt;br /&gt;
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
199.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203.&lt;br /&gt;
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
204.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
205.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
206.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207.&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
209.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
210.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949  (Wu Jiaying  Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
215.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
216.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
217.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
218.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
219.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
220.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
221.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 &lt;br /&gt;
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
222.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
223.&lt;br /&gt;
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节&lt;br /&gt;
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
224.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
225.&lt;br /&gt;
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
226.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
227.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
228.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
229.&lt;br /&gt;
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092  (Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
230.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
231.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
232.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
233.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
234.&lt;br /&gt;
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
235.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
236.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
237.&lt;br /&gt;
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
238.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
239.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
240.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213  （Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
241.&lt;br /&gt;
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221  （Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
242.&lt;br /&gt;
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
243.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
244.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
245.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
246.&lt;br /&gt;
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
247.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
248.&lt;br /&gt;
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
249.&lt;br /&gt;
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
250.&lt;br /&gt;
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
251.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
252.&lt;br /&gt;
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=&lt;br /&gt;
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) &lt;br /&gt;
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏)  …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29. &amp;quot;Cun Chao&amp;quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and  Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;porcellain&amp;quot; in the textbook. &lt;br /&gt;
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;Erhu&amp;quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.  Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞）......（Hu Zetao）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75. Palace Lantern（宫灯）......（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓）......（Huang Qi/Esther）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ........（Wang Xuan/ Cynthia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.The God of Wealth财神爷......(Wu Jing/ Jennie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Homework: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Contemporary_Chinese_Literature_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Four_New_Inventions(2)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）  [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks(1)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Chopsticks(2)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)  [[Media:Hot Pot_Fall_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Student roll=&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu n&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Yicen n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Task 1: Please decide whether you &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- want to use &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- or not want to use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The groups should almost be equally large.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AI group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a 95, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a 90, 加分: 0,&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Shanshan a 91, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Weiping 90, a &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zilan 95, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Linjia a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''', &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Shanshan a 83, 加分: 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zetao a,0,0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Zechen a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Caiyun a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiao_Mengting 91, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Kuang_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Le_Yuxuan 92, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Dinghao a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Songlin a 70, 加分: 5 = '''75'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Xiaosu a 86, 加分: 0, 0,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liang_Dan 82, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Huixuan a 93, 加分: 5 = '''98'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jieyu a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peinan a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2 a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zeyu a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhuofan a 90, 加分: 5 = '''95'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Long_Jiayu a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Di 88, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ma_Ruiqing a 95, 加分: 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Pan_Yilin a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Lu a 94, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yixin a 89, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Sha_Lijia 85, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shi_Zhanning a 92, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 91, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Su_Yi a 86, 加分: 5 = '''91'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyan a 90, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Xinyu a 88, 加分: 0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei a 88, 加分: 5 = '''93'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yu a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xuan2 a, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yan2 a 91, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yue a 89, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yujiao 87, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a 96, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Ziyi 92, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yixuan a 92, 加分: 5 = '''97''', 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Fan a 90, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Hanxu a,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yao_Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xin a, 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Yange 87, a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Jing a, 80&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Siyao a 93, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xukai a, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Ranran a 100, 加分: 5 = '''100'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Human group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu 0, 86, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Kuanshun n 85, 加分: 0, 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Pingan 0, 91, 加分: 5 = '''96''', 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Zibin 88 n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Han_Yaxuan 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Hu_Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Mengyan 0, &lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Chenmei n 91, 加分: 1 = '''92'''&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Li2 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Xinyu2 0, 0,0 , -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhehui 0, 91, 加分: 1 = '''92''', 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Zhouli 0, 93, 加分: 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n 88, 加分: 5 = '''93''',-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Yingying 87, 0, 0,0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xudong 0, 85, 加分: 0, 0,0, -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xia_Rong n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xie_Ke 0, 0,0, -1,-1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Yi 90, n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Man n 97, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Wenjing n 94, 加分: 0&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Rui3 n 85, 加分: 0, -1&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Xiaoqiao n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen 0, 89, 加分: 5 = '''94'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Task 2==&lt;br /&gt;
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write &amp;quot;Today I did not do anything for my language learning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How to find your homepage? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, in the name list of the groups, please add &amp;quot;f&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;m&amp;quot; for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from &amp;quot;city&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;, from &amp;quot;Changsha&amp;quot; or from a different city &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Oct 31, 2024 \=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Student Presentations today==&lt;br /&gt;
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao(1)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Media:Taobao(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Taobao(3)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 9 Thursday Nov 7, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love p. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline) [[Media:Marriage_and_Love_(1)2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage and love (2)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan p. 1615 (Su Yi/Suri) [[Media:Tangyuan_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship p. 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)[[Media:Ancestor_Worship_2024-.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music p. 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)[[Media:Chinese_Music_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） p. 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)[[Media:Mobile_Games_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing p. 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)[[Media:Vintage_Clothing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 10 Thursday Nov 14, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers p. 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）[[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]][[Media:Flowers_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) p. 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）[[Media:PDD_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People p. 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)[[Media:Marriage_and_Burial_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(2)_2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage_and_Burial(3)_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 p. 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）[[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(1).pptx]][[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(2).pptx]] [[Media:Breakfast_Culture_of_Guangdong_2024_(3).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196. Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 p. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(1).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Media:Become_a_Farmer_2024_(2).pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197. Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 p. 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)[[Media:Chinese_Rural_Dogs2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 11 Thursday Nov 21, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198. Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 p. 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）[[Media:Hanfu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200. Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 p. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)[[Media:Suzhou_Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201. Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 p.1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)[[Media:Moon-shaped_ Fans_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202. Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 p. 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)[[Media:Miao_Silver_Ornaments_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203. Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 p. 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）[[Media:Facial_ Physiognomy_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
204. Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 p. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)[[Media:Chinese_Chess_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 12 Thursday Nov 28, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Student roll&lt;br /&gt;
#Final Exam Paper: No AI. If AI: Prompt, adjustments at the References Section&lt;br /&gt;
#Language Learning Progress Diary&lt;br /&gt;
#Remaining presentations&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207. The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 p. 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）[[Media:Four_Gentlemen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208. Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 p.1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele) [[Media:Flower_Fairy_Festival_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211. Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 p. 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)[[Media:Sexy_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212. Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 p. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)[[Media:Flower-drum_Opera_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213. Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 p. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）[[Media:Shangsi_Festival_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 p. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)[[Media:Self-combing_female_2024.pptx]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163092</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=163092"/>
		<updated>2024-11-21T07:44:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 6, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 7, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 8, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 9, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 10, 2024 \= Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 11, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 12, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 13, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 14, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 15, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about my favorite sports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 16, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about convenience store shopping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 17, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about favorite weather.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 18, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about how to see a doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 19, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about weekly meetings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 20, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about selecting pets.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 21, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about blind date.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=162819</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=162819"/>
		<updated>2024-11-14T11:07:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 6, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about hobby.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 7, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about job interview.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 8, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about asking for directions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 9, 2024 \=Today I talked with TalkAI about check in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 10, 2024 \= Today I did not use AI to learn language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 11, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about order afternoon tea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 12, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about my idol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 13, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about handling issues.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Nov 14, 2024 \= Today I talked with TalkAI about campus overview.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wu_Jing&amp;diff=162508</id>
		<title>User:Wu Jing</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wu_Jing&amp;diff=162508"/>
		<updated>2024-11-07T11:58:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Born in the vibrant city of Hengyang, on a crisp autumn day in 2000, I was raised in a family that valued education, creativity, and community service. My early years were marked by a natural curiosity and an insatiable thirst for knowledge. This led me to spend countless hours in libraries, exploring the realms of science, literature, and history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My academic journey was a testament to my dedication. Graduating with a degree in Normal English, I was recognized for my academic excellence. This was followed by a pursuit of Master’ s degree in Hunan Normal University, where I specialized in English Translation, a field that has become the cornerstone of my professional career.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My journey so far has been a blend of hard work, passion, and a commitment to making a positive difference. I look forward to the future, eager to continue growing, learning, and contributing to my field and the world around me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oct 31, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I learned ....&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=162507</id>
		<title>User:Wang Yan2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Wang_Yan2&amp;diff=162507"/>
		<updated>2024-11-07T11:57:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Wang Yan is a second-year graduate student majoring in English translation at Hunan Normal University, holding TEM-4, TEM-8, and CATTI Level 3 translation certificates. Passionate about language and translation, Wang has won awards in various translation competitions. With a cheerful and lively personality, Wang brings enthusiasm and creativity to both academic and personal endeavors. Outside of studies, Wang enjoys watching movies and listening to music, finding both inspiration and relaxation in these activities. Dedicated to mastering the art of translation, Wang strives to bridge cultural and linguistic gaps with precision and flair, while continuously expanding horizons through learning and engaging in diverse cultural experiences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Documentation of research project&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oct 31, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I learned ....&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=162505</id>
		<title>Chinese Language and Culture 2024</title>
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		<updated>2024-11-07T11:55:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* AI group */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Media:]]Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp;amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Memo&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan&lt;br /&gt;
*Drovan&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan &lt;br /&gt;
*Cynthia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan&lt;br /&gt;
*Doris&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jennie&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi&lt;br /&gt;
*Esther&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*Lyra&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin&lt;br /&gt;
*Shirleen&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai&lt;br /&gt;
*Eavan&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei&lt;br /&gt;
*Lilian&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting&lt;br /&gt;
*Sherry&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Lydia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying&lt;br /&gt;
*Cathy &lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoe&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao&lt;br /&gt;
*Wendy&lt;br /&gt;
*Fu Xinke&lt;br /&gt;
*Finger&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoey&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan&lt;br /&gt;
*Landy&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan&lt;br /&gt;
*Peter&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin&lt;br /&gt;
*ceci&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan&lt;br /&gt;
*Grace&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Mandy&lt;br /&gt;
*Rachel&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin&lt;br /&gt;
*Binbin&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man&lt;br /&gt;
*Emily&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu&lt;br /&gt;
*Chris&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen&lt;br /&gt;
*Zachary&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Estrella&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying&lt;br /&gt;
*Becca&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing&lt;br /&gt;
*Raymond&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Guangzi&lt;br /&gt;
*Alan&lt;br /&gt;
*Hannah&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Amy&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Winnie&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi&lt;br /&gt;
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture ....................................................................... 75&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211&lt;br /&gt;
25.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance&lt;br /&gt;
6&lt;br /&gt;
......................................................................................... 217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343&lt;br /&gt;
40.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436&lt;br /&gt;
7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.&lt;br /&gt;
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509&lt;br /&gt;
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
58.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59.&lt;br /&gt;
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient&lt;br /&gt;
8&lt;br /&gt;
China&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................................ 680&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
79.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
80.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
81.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
82.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
83.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
84.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
85.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
86.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
88.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
89.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
91.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
92.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
93.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
94.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
95.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
96.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
97.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
98.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................ 889&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
100.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
103.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)&lt;br /&gt;
105.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
106.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
107.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
108.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
109.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
110.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
112.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
113.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
114.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
115.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
116.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
117.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
118.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
119.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
120.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
121.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
122.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
123.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
124.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
125.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
127.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
128.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
129.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
130.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
131.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
132.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
133.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
134.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
135.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
136.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
139.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
140.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
141.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
143.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
144.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
145.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
146.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
147.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
149.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
150.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
151.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
159.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
160.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
161.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
162.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
163.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
164.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
165.&lt;br /&gt;
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
166.&lt;br /&gt;
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
167.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
170.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
172.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
173.&lt;br /&gt;
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
175.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
177.&lt;br /&gt;
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
178.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
181.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
182.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
183.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184.&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
185.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186.&lt;br /&gt;
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
187.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691  (Liu Peinan/Peter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
190.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
192.&lt;br /&gt;
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196.&lt;br /&gt;
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
199.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203.&lt;br /&gt;
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
204.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
205.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
206.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207.&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
209.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
210.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949  (Wu Jiaying  Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
215.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
216.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
217.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
218.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
219.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
220.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
221.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 &lt;br /&gt;
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
222.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
223.&lt;br /&gt;
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节&lt;br /&gt;
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
224.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
225.&lt;br /&gt;
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
226.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
227.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
228.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
229.&lt;br /&gt;
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092  (Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
230.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
231.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
232.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
233.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
234.&lt;br /&gt;
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
235.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
236.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
237.&lt;br /&gt;
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
238.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
239.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
240.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213  （Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
241.&lt;br /&gt;
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221  （Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
242.&lt;br /&gt;
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
243.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
244.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
245.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
246.&lt;br /&gt;
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
247.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
248.&lt;br /&gt;
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
249.&lt;br /&gt;
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
250.&lt;br /&gt;
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
251.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
252.&lt;br /&gt;
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=&lt;br /&gt;
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) &lt;br /&gt;
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏)  …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29. &amp;quot;Cun Chao&amp;quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and  Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;porcellain&amp;quot; in the textbook. &lt;br /&gt;
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;Erhu&amp;quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.  Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Homework: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）  [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)  [[Media:Hot Pot_Fall_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Student roll=&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Yicen n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Task 1: Please decide whether you &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- want to use &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- or not want to use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The groups should almost be equally large.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AI group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
* https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
* https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Long_Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Su_Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
**https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai aq&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Human group==&lt;br /&gt;
*Cai Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng Jiayi&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong n&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran -&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Task 2==&lt;br /&gt;
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write &amp;quot;Today I did not do anything for my language learning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How to find your homepage? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, in the name list of the groups, please add &amp;quot;f&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;m&amp;quot; for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from &amp;quot;city&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;, from &amp;quot;Changsha&amp;quot; or from a different city &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Oct 31, 2024 \=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Student Presentations today==&lt;br /&gt;
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 9 Thursday Nov 7, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love p. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline) [[Media:Marriage_and_Love_(1)2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage and love (2)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan p. 1615 (Su Yi/Suri) [[Media:Tangyuan_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship p. 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)[[Media:Ancestor_Worship_2024-.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music p. 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)[[Media:Chinese_Music_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） p. 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)[[Media:Mobile_Games_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing p. 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)[[Media:Vintage_Clothing_2024.pptx]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=162502</id>
		<title>Chinese Language and Culture 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_2024&amp;diff=162502"/>
		<updated>2024-11-07T11:52:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: /* AI group */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Media:]]Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation &amp;amp; Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Memo&lt;br /&gt;
*Glen&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan&lt;br /&gt;
*Drovan&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi&lt;br /&gt;
*Andrew&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan &lt;br /&gt;
*Cynthia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan&lt;br /&gt;
*Doris&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jennie&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi&lt;br /&gt;
*Esther&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen&lt;br /&gt;
*Lyra&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin&lt;br /&gt;
*Shirleen&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai&lt;br /&gt;
*Eavan&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei&lt;br /&gt;
*Lilian&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting&lt;br /&gt;
*Sherry&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Lydia&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying&lt;br /&gt;
*Cathy &lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoe&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao&lt;br /&gt;
*Wendy&lt;br /&gt;
*Fu Xinke&lt;br /&gt;
*Finger&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing&lt;br /&gt;
*Zoey&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan&lt;br /&gt;
*Landy&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan&lt;br /&gt;
*Peter&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin&lt;br /&gt;
*ceci&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan&lt;br /&gt;
*Grace&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Mandy&lt;br /&gt;
*Rachel&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin&lt;br /&gt;
*Binbin&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man&lt;br /&gt;
*Emily&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu&lt;br /&gt;
*Chris&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen&lt;br /&gt;
*Zachary&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Jin&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan&lt;br /&gt;
*Estrella&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying&lt;br /&gt;
*Becca&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing&lt;br /&gt;
*Raymond&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Guangzi&lt;br /&gt;
*Alan&lt;br /&gt;
*Hannah&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Amy&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing&lt;br /&gt;
*Winnie&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi&lt;br /&gt;
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture ....................................................................... 75&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16.&lt;br /&gt;
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19.&lt;br /&gt;
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211&lt;br /&gt;
25.&lt;br /&gt;
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance&lt;br /&gt;
6&lt;br /&gt;
......................................................................................... 217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37.&lt;br /&gt;
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343&lt;br /&gt;
40.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45.&lt;br /&gt;
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436&lt;br /&gt;
7&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.&lt;br /&gt;
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509&lt;br /&gt;
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
58.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59.&lt;br /&gt;
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67.&lt;br /&gt;
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70.&lt;br /&gt;
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
74.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
75.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient&lt;br /&gt;
8&lt;br /&gt;
China&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................................ 680&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
76.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
77.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
78.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
79.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
80.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
81.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
82.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
83.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
84.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
85.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
86.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
88.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
89.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
91.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
92.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
93.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
94.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
95.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
96.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
97.&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
98.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority&lt;br /&gt;
................................................................ 889&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
100.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101.&lt;br /&gt;
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
103.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)&lt;br /&gt;
105.&lt;br /&gt;
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
106.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
107.&lt;br /&gt;
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
108.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
109.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
110.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
112.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
113.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
114.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
115.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
116.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
117.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
118.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
119.&lt;br /&gt;
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
120.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
121.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
122.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
123.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
124.&lt;br /&gt;
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
125.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
127.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
128.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
129.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
130.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
131.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
132.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
133.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
134.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
135.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
136.&lt;br /&gt;
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138.&lt;br /&gt;
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
139.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
140.&lt;br /&gt;
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
141.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
143.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
144.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
145.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
146.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
147.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
149.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
150.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
151.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
159.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
160.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
161.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
162.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
163.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
164.&lt;br /&gt;
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
165.&lt;br /&gt;
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
166.&lt;br /&gt;
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
167.&lt;br /&gt;
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168.&lt;br /&gt;
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
170.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
172.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
173.&lt;br /&gt;
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
175.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
177.&lt;br /&gt;
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
178.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
181.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
182.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
183.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184.&lt;br /&gt;
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
185.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186.&lt;br /&gt;
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
187.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691  (Liu Peinan/Peter)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
190.&lt;br /&gt;
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
191.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
192.&lt;br /&gt;
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
193.&lt;br /&gt;
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
194.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
195.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
196.&lt;br /&gt;
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
197.&lt;br /&gt;
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/Winnie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
198.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
199.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
200.&lt;br /&gt;
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
201.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
202.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
203.&lt;br /&gt;
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
204.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
205.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
206.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
207.&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Four Gentlemen&amp;quot;: Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
208.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
209.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
210.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
211.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
212.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
213.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
214.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949  (Wu Jiaying  Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
215.&lt;br /&gt;
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
216.&lt;br /&gt;
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
217.&lt;br /&gt;
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
218.&lt;br /&gt;
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
219.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
220.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
221.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 &lt;br /&gt;
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
222.&lt;br /&gt;
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
223.&lt;br /&gt;
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节&lt;br /&gt;
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan&lt;br /&gt;
224.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
225.&lt;br /&gt;
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
226.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
227.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
228.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
229.&lt;br /&gt;
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092  (Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
230.&lt;br /&gt;
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
231.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
232.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
233.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
234.&lt;br /&gt;
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
235.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
236.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
237.&lt;br /&gt;
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
238.&lt;br /&gt;
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
239.&lt;br /&gt;
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
240.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213  （Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
241.&lt;br /&gt;
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221  （Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
242.&lt;br /&gt;
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
243.&lt;br /&gt;
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
244.&lt;br /&gt;
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
245.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
246.&lt;br /&gt;
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
247.&lt;br /&gt;
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
248.&lt;br /&gt;
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
249.&lt;br /&gt;
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
250.&lt;br /&gt;
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
251.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
252.&lt;br /&gt;
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=&lt;br /&gt;
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠)......（Liu Yi/Zer）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles 中国电动汽车 ......(Cheng Linjia/Jason) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Stage entertainment: northeast Errenzhuan (二人转).........(Wu Jiaying/Cathy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5. Animals: Chinese Cat Culture 动物：中国的猫文化 ...... (Zhao Jing/winnie) &lt;br /&gt;
6. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty (Yao Yiyun)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7. Grass cloth 夏布（Yu Yi/Memo）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
8. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》(Yang Lingyue/ Judy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
9.Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片......(Zhou Xiaoqiao/ Summer)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧......(Huang Zechen/ Zachary)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
11.Chinese tradition culture: birde-price（彩礼）……（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
12. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片......（Liu Peinan/Peter）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
13.Xiang Embroidery蜀绣······（Liu Zhehui/Mary&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14.Chinese traditional jewellery: Buyao(dangling ornament worn by women) （步摇）……（Shu Lin/Shirleen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
15. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) （Su Yi/Suri）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) …… (Li Jia/Zoe)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
17. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛）……（Li Ru/ Lee）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
18. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班）……（Jiang Caiyun/Tony）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
19. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) ……（Tao Yu/Mikansei）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班）……（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21. Live-stream shopping（直播带货）……（Yang Fan/Shawn）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦）......(Sha Lijia/Reika)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏)  …… （Fu Xinke/Finger）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
23.Herbal tea（凉茶）……（Huang Mengyan/Mandy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
24.Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻）……（Wang Yan/Doris ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
25.Rice cake(年糕）……（Chen Pingan/Grace）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
26.Zhongyuan festival……(Pan Yilin/Ceci)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面)……（Zeng Xin）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
27.The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格）……（Zeng Wenjing/Zoey）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
28.Exercise of middle-aged Chinese people（中国中年人健身）……（Jiao Mengting/Sherry）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
29. &amp;quot;Cun Chao&amp;quot;: China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛）……（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30. Chinese Musical Instrument: Konghou(箜篌)…… (Chen Zilan/Landy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
31. Chinese Bossy Fictions&amp;amp;Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&amp;amp;短剧）……（Zhang Mengzhe/Nine）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
32. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）……（Kuang Jing/Jin）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. ——— Mortise and  Tenon Joint（榫卯结构）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33. Jingdezhen Porcelain……(Le Yuxuan/Lydia) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;porcellain&amp;quot; in the textbook. &lt;br /&gt;
The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Poems (宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
34. Music and instruments: Erhu ……（Hu Zheng/Leven）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated under &amp;quot;Erhu&amp;quot; in the textbook.（National Belief: the Chinese Dream ）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
35.The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）……（Jiang Chenmei/Lilian）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
36. Sun Wukong（孙悟空）……（Liu Huixaun/ Polly）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
37. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料）……(Liu Zhuofan/Drovan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
38. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯）……（Zhou Jing/Amy）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
39. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） ......（Zeng Man/ Emily)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
40. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) ...... (Chen Mengzhu/ Chris)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan)……(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
42. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山)......(Liang Dan/Anne) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
43. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian......(Zhou Ranran/Jerry) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Hotpot(火锅）……(Liu Jieyu/Erica) &amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
45. Abacus(中国珠算）……(Zhang Yange/Mia)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
46. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） ……(Cao Jialong/Caron)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
47. Yao-Chinese folktales（中国奇谭）……(Chen Weiping/Jackie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
48.  Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”）……(Liu Xinyu/Layla)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
49. Douzhi (豆汁儿) ……(Lv Di/Ludy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50.New Year Wood-block Paintings(木版年画）......(Chen Shanshan/Rebecca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51.The rural revitalization （乡村振兴）......（Liu Zhouli/lovia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Jing Gang Mountain(井冈山）......(Chen Kuanshun/Jason)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑）......（Peng Lu/Julia）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
54. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话）……（Tang Yuewei/Eavan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Rice noodle roll（肠粉）……（Zhou Yicen/Hannah）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜）…… （Wang Yue/Nora)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山)……(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
58.Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染）……（Xie Ke）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
59. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒）…… (Zhao Siyao/Caroline)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
60. Fengshui (风水）…… (Zhang Shuai/Andy)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
61.Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化）…… (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62.Indigo Dyeing(蓝染)……(Long Jiayu/Tara)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
63.Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua……(Liao Wenyao/Rose)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
64. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty(宋代婚服）……(Peng Yingying/Becca)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
65.The great unification in ancient China(中国古代的大一统思想)……(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
66. Traditional Instrument: Erhu （二胡）......（Li Dinghao / Leo）&amp;lt;----- Please check if this topic is not already treated in the textbook. There is another student who wants to write about the same topic. Please make sure it is not yet written and nobody else writes about it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
67. Shaolin Temple (少林寺)......(Shi Zhanning/ Harper)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
68. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂）……(Guo Zibin/Binbin)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来……(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
70. Hui Culture(徽文化)......（Chen Guangzi /Alan）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
71. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化）……（Liu Li/ Glen）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
72. Table Manners …… (Tang Xinyu/Eric)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
73. The Mongol nationality(蒙古族）...... ( Liu Zeyu/ Yew)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
6.&lt;br /&gt;
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
20.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
21.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
22.&lt;br /&gt;
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
33.&lt;br /&gt;
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
41.&lt;br /&gt;
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Homework: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 4 Thursday Sep 26, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)[[Media:Qingming_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
57.Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China (Zhou Ranran/Jerry)[[Media:wuzetian.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains p. 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）[[Media:Five_Mountains 1_2024.pptx]]，[[Media:Five_Mountains 2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature p. 818 (Chen Guangzi/Alan) [[Media:Cont_Chin_Lit_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes p. 896(Zeng Man/Emily)[[Media:Costumes_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 5 Thursday Oct 10, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals p. 949 (Wang Yue/Nora) p.949 [[Media:Gods and Immortals1_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals2_2024.pptx]], [[Media:Gods and Immortals3_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)[[Media:Dialects_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money p. 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）[[Media:Red_Envelope_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng p. 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)[[Media:Guzheng_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
105. Mythology: Huli-jing p. 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)[[Media:Huli-jing_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera p. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）[[Media:Tea-picking_Opera_2024fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue) [[Media:Four_New_Inventions_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 6 Thursday Oct 17, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
137. Social: The Long-life Lock p. 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）  [[Media:Long-life Lock_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
138. Social: Round Table Culture p. 1249（Yu Yi/Memo) [[Media:Round Table_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Round Table_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 p. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy) [[Media:Crosstalk_2024.pptx]] [[Media:Crosstalk_2024_fall.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture p. 1280Zhang Yange(Mia) [[Media:Jade_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots p. 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy) [[Media:Chinese Knots_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks p. 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca) [[Media:Chopsticks_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 7 Thursday Oct 24, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China p. 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric) [[Media:Eight_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines p. 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva) [[Media:Regional_Cuisines_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan p. 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca [[Media:Breakfast1_2024.pptx]][[Media:Breakfast2_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick p. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris) [[Media:Tanghulu_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot p. 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)  [[Media:Hot Pot_Fall_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking p. 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)[[Media:Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Student roll=&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Peng_Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shu Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Yicen n&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 8 Thursday Oct 31, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, we start a field research study under the HUNNU JM Research Centre of Excellence (EU grant).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study is intended to compare learning a foreign language with AI and without AI.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By participating in the study, you agree that your data will be collected. However, the data will first be anonymized and only as anonymized data analyzed and compared with other sets of data. Some general information like study discipline, year and sex will also be used. The results are inteded to be published in scientific publications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Task 1: Please decide whether you &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- want to use &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- or not want to use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
an AI app with a daily dialogue of 7 phrases to improve your foreign (English, Korean, Japanese) language learning until end of the year.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The groups should almost be equally large.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The group that decides not to use an AI app to improve their language learning are not allowed to use any AI app to improve their language learning. It should not learn less, but try to learn more with humans and from books.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==AI group==&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Jialong a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Guangzi a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Mengzhu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Shanshan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Weiping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Zilan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Cheng Linjia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Xinke a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu ShanShan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zetao a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Zechen a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Caiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Yaping a&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiao Mengting a&lt;br /&gt;
*Kuang Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Le Yuxuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Dinghao a&lt;br /&gt;
* https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jia a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ru a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Songlin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Li Xiaosu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liang Dan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liao Wenyao a&lt;br /&gt;
* https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Huixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Jieyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Peinan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Yi2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zeyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhuofan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Long Jiayu a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Long_Jiayu&lt;br /&gt;
*Lv Di a&lt;br /&gt;
*Ma Ruiqing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Pan Yilin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Lu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yixin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Sha Lijia a&lt;br /&gt;
*Shi Zhanning a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shu_Lin2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Su Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Su_Yi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Xinyu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tang Yuewei a&lt;br /&gt;
*Tao Yu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xuan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yan2 a&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yan2&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Yujiao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Jiaying a&lt;br /&gt;
**https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Wu Ziyi a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Feiyan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Xiao Yixuan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Fan a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Hanxu a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yang Lingyue a&lt;br /&gt;
*Yao Yiyun a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Xin a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Shuai a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Yange a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhao Siyao a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Jing a&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xukai aq&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran a&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Human group==&lt;br /&gt;
*Cai Yingchu -&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Kuanshun n&lt;br /&gt;
*Chen Pingan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Gong Tao n&lt;br /&gt;
*Guo Zibin n&lt;br /&gt;
*Han Yaxuan -&lt;br /&gt;
*He Chuwen n&lt;br /&gt;
*Hu Zheng n&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Mengyan -&lt;br /&gt;
*Huang Qi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Jiang Chenmei n&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Li2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Xinyu2 -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhehui -&lt;br /&gt;
*Liu Zhouli -&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Jiayi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Peng Yingying -&lt;br /&gt;
*Wang Xudong -&lt;br /&gt;
*Xia Rong n&lt;br /&gt;
*Xie Ke -&lt;br /&gt;
*Yu Yi n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Man n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeng Wenjing n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Mengzhe n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhang Rui3 n&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Ranran -&lt;br /&gt;
*Zhou Xiaoqiao -&lt;br /&gt;
*https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou Yicen -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Task 2==&lt;br /&gt;
Every group should take some notes every day on your wiki homepage about your language learning. You can also write &amp;quot;Today I did not do anything for my language learning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How to find your homepage? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yuewei&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
or&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yi2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then click on edit. Input two new lines (leave one line free) and then write &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, in the name list of the groups, please add &amp;quot;f&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;m&amp;quot; for female or male, your birth date, your study subject (incl. language), study year, if you come from &amp;quot;city&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;land&amp;quot;, from &amp;quot;Changsha&amp;quot; or from a different city &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
\= Oct 31, 2024 \=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today I talked with TalkAI about hobbys.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Student Presentations today==&lt;br /&gt;
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture p. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)[[Media:Incense_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit p. 1502(Zhang Rui) [[Media:Swordsman_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
169. Cuisine: Luosifen p. 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)[[Media:Luosifen_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) p. 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)[[Media:Taobao_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi p. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)[[Media:Jiaozi_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Session 9 Thursday Nov 7, 2024 19:00-21:35=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella p. 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）[[Media:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love p. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline) [[Media:Marriage_and_Love_(1)2024.pptx]][[Media:Marriage and love (2)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan p. 1615 (Su Yi/Suri) [[Media:Tangyuan_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship p. 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)[[Media:Ancestor_Worship_2024-.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music p. 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)[[Media:Chinese_Music_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） p. 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)[[Media:Mobile_Games_2024.pptx]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing p. 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)[[Media:Vintage_Clothing_2024.pptx]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx&amp;diff=162498</id>
		<title>File:Oil-paper Umbrella 2024.pptx</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Oil-paper_Umbrella_2024.pptx&amp;diff=162498"/>
		<updated>2024-11-07T11:43:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Wang Yan2: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wang Yan2</name></author>
	</entry>
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