https://bou.de/u/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Wantong 2026-04-05T06:02:43Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.35.14 https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2821 2012-04-19T07:05:46Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> *Friends: Eastern Forest partisans and later Revival Society members<br /> *Age 60: Accepted a courtesy appointment as a lowly official in an impoverished district.<br /> Applied myself in a variety of good works, including distributing medicine to the poor and reducing the rate of female infanticide, all detailed in the gazetteer I compiled in those days.<br /> *I had works ranging from classical commentary to ribald folk songs.<br /> Great achievements in almost every genre of nonelite literature: vernacular fiction long and short, jokes, anecdotes, drama, and popular song.<br /> *I also adapted plays.<br /> *I was sensitive enough to market potential that in 1615 he urged a publisher to offer a high price for the writer Shen Defu’s manuscript copy of The Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei). 3 years before publication I espied some commercial promise here.<br /> <br /> = Powerpoint =<br /> <br /> [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/f/f0/Feng_Menglong.pptx Powerpoing]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> &quot;Feng Menglong&quot; (冯梦龙). 百度百科. Web. 06 Apr 2012. &lt;http://baike.baidu.com/view/28749.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> Text pages 121-127.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2820 2012-04-19T07:05:28Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> *Friends: Eastern Forest partisans and later Revival Society members<br /> *Age 60: Accepted a courtesy appointment as a lowly official in an impoverished district.<br /> Applied myself in a variety of good works, including distributing medicine to the poor and reducing the rate of female infanticide, all detailed in the gazetteer I compiled in those days.<br /> *I had works ranging from classical commentary to ribald folk songs.<br /> Great achievements in almost every genre of nonelite literature: vernacular fiction long and short, jokes, anecdotes, drama, and popular song.<br /> *I also adapted plays.<br /> *I was sensitive enough to market potential that in 1615 he urged a publisher to offer a high price for the writer Shen Defu’s manuscript copy of The Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei). 3 years before publication I espied some commercial promise here.<br /> <br /> = Powerpoint =<br /> <br /> [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/f/f0/Feng_Menglong.pptx Powerpoing]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> &quot;Feng Menglong&quot; (冯梦龙). 百度百科. Web. 06 Apr 2012. &lt;http://baike.baidu.com/view/28749.htm&gt;<br /> Text pages 121-127.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Feng_Menglong.pptx&diff=2819 2012-04-19T07:04:38Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2817 2012-04-19T07:04:12Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> *Friends: Eastern Forest partisans and later Revival Society members<br /> *Age 60: Accepted a courtesy appointment as a lowly official in an impoverished district.<br /> Applied myself in a variety of good works, including distributing medicine to the poor and reducing the rate of female infanticide, all detailed in the gazetteer I compiled in those days.<br /> *I had works ranging from classical commentary to ribald folk songs.<br /> Great achievements in almost every genre of nonelite literature: vernacular fiction long and short, jokes, anecdotes, drama, and popular song.<br /> *I also adapted plays.<br /> *I was sensitive enough to market potential that in 1615 he urged a publisher to offer a high price for the writer Shen Defu’s manuscript copy of The Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei). 3 years before publication I espied some commercial promise here.<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> &quot;Feng Menglong&quot; (冯梦龙). 百度百科. Web. 06 Apr 2012. &lt;http://baike.baidu.com/view/28749.htm&gt;<br /> Text pages 121-127.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Ming_literature&diff=2815 2012-04-19T07:02:15Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= After Yongle =<br /> <br /> In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority.<br /> The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those from the beginning of the century.<br /> The authors claimed that “the imperial majesty of Beijing was a living emblem of the Heavenly mandate of the Great Ming, an empire that would endure for ‘tens of thousands of years’ and under which China was once again the center of the universe.”<br /> <br /> This claim died in 1449 when Yingzong Emperor (who was 21 at the time) was taken prisoner by the Mongols at the Battle of Tumu.<br /> He was returned a year later but by then his brother already replace him as the emperor.<br /> In 1457 he was restored to the throne but he was caught in way-to-complicated court politics and died 8 years later, and then his 16-year-old son became the Chenghua Emperor.<br /> <br /> Due to this whole incident, the Chinese became more worried about being attacked by the Mongols and spent lots of money and manpower to build the Great Wall.<br /> <br /> = Politics, culture, and education =<br /> <br /> Because politics and culture are inversely proportional to each other, as the military shrunk, literature expended.<br /> After Yingzong’s capture, more writers and scholar-officials began to write political criticisms.<br /> It was kind of life-risking and men in public life were never free from political persecution.<br /> Many received court beatings and were sent into exile, which led to the shift in the power center in literature from imperial court to individual writers.<br /> <br /> One of the causes of this shift is that the mid-Ming emperors were supporters of educational and cultural activities so they made policy changes in the school system, which included creating a new rank for teachers called tixue guan and expanding the schools.<br /> By the early 16th century, 244,300 students were enrolled in school.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> One of the things that went through significant changes was the fu.<br /> Before, many early Ming scholar-officials wrote fu that praised Beijing.<br /> During middle Ming, the contents of fu changed somewhat.<br /> In “Fu on Beijing,” Huang Zuo used animals such as foxes and rats to represent the corrupt officials in the capital.<br /> In “An Extraordinary View Seen from the Outskirts of the South Sea” by Qiu Jun, the poet says that Hainan Island is more beautiful than all other places on Earth.<br /> There were also other fu describing the customs and rituals of the local people.<br /> <br /> Compared to the fu from before, the fu of mid-Ming was more expressive and rich in descriptive imagery but realistic at the same time.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> There were also fu about foreign travels.<br /> <br /> Dong Yue was an ambassador to Korea under Hongzhi Emperor and he wrote about geographical and social discourse: Korea’s geographical conditions, locations of its cities, agricultural produce, and history of Korean trade with China.<br /> Trade = respect to the Chinese empire.<br /> He said that the virtues of Korean women were influence by the Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> Zhan Ruoshui wrote about how China cultivated the minds of the “barbarian” people of Annam and related the Chinese cultural influences back to mythological figures.<br /> <br /> = Drama, vernacular lyrics, and popular song culture =<br /> <br /> Except for Hongzhi Emperor, the other mid-Ming emperors were rather incompetent and were manipulated by the eunuchs.<br /> However, they all supported the song culture.<br /> It was said that the popular songs, such as the “Wu Songs” and “Hanging Branch,” that “uniquely distinguished” Ming literature from Tang, Song, and Yuan.<br /> <br /> Shiqu &amp; sanqu were sang at private houses and dramatic arias were performed onstage.<br /> Chenghua Emperor and Zhengde Emperor both collected the printed song lyrics.<br /> <br /> <br /> An annotated and illustrated edition of the Yuan play The Western Wing was published in 1498.<br /> The publisher’s note indicated that contemporary popular songs were often imitations of songs in The Western Wing, everyone had learned the play by heart and can perform them.<br /> The songs expressed human emotions and purified feelings and thus always affected the way of the world deeply.<br /> <br /> Moral relationships in Confucian teachings.<br /> <br /> = The examination essay =<br /> <br /> It is an 8-part essay with very specific and complicated requirements in the uses of parallel phrases.<br /> Therefore, it took rigorous practice to master the 8-part essay, which involved repetition and drills.<br /> <br /> Equivalent to a Du Fu in poetry or a Sima Qian in historiography.<br /> Took 1st place in both provincial examination and the metropolitan examination.<br /> Received lots of criticism.<br /> <br /> It had issues in 18th century and was abolished in 20th century.<br /> <br /> = Powerpoint =<br /> <br /> [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/0/01/2_19_%2818%29.pptx Powerpoint]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> <br /> Text pages 18-25.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2811 2012-04-19T07:00:48Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Like the imperial examinations, these events and competitions resulted in large gatherings, which strengthened communication and the cultural bond between writers.<br /> <br /> = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring =<br /> <br /> The most important society was Yuequan yinshe = 月泉吟社 = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring.<br /> <br /> In Nov. 1286, Wu Wei sent out invitations to the poetic societies that he knew asking writers to compose a poem on the topic “Random Inspirations in Field and Garden in Days of Spring” and submit it on the Lantern Festival – 15th of 1st lunar month = Jan. 29, 1287. On April 16 the winners will be announced. Aoubt 2735 poems were collected and judged by eminent writers in the society, all of whom refused to serve the Yuan. Poets used pen names and names of examiners were not released. About 280 poems were selected, ranked, and published with commentary by judges and the number and amount of awards in the book called “Poems of the Poetic Society of Moon Spring.”<br /> <br /> Top winner: 70 ft of silk, 5 pens, 5 sticks of ink.<br /> <br /> = Yuan =<br /> <br /> The poetic societies, especially The Poetic Society of Moon Spring, were acts of resistance to the Yuan.<br /> <br /> They kept the value of writing alive as a cultural act as well as linked social and cultural authority to competition and rewards of good writing.<br /> <br /> Due to the societies, the main feature of Yuan poetry is the collection of poems on a single topic, which is a highly cohesive social act.<br /> <br /> Another remarkable characteristic is that the authorities did not interfere with the societies’ development of the purely private and extensive network of communication.<br /> <br /> = Two Major Figures =<br /> *方回 = Fang Hui (1227-1307)<br /> *戴表元 = Dai Biaoyuan (1244-1311)<br /> <br /> == Fang Hui ==<br /> <br /> Fang Hui was one of the first officials to surrender to the Mongols. He served briefly under the Mongols and then spent the majority of his time moving around near Hangzhou and wrote. His character had issues but his poetry and critical works are all accepted.<br /> <br /> Major work: 瀛奎律髓 = Yingkui Lüsui = The Essentials of the Regulated Verse of the Poets of the Tang and Song.<br /> It contains 49 chapters. Fang Hui marked words in a poem that indicate its “eye,” which is its point of critical excellence, and he critiqued each poem with a short statement. He wanted to renew the place of Jiangxi School in the tradition to correct the overly refined and vulgar nature of Four Lings andd the Rivers and Lakes poets.<br /> <br /> Fang Hui advocated yizu sanzong = the “one progenitor and three ancestors” – Du Fu, Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, Chen Yuyi, who are zhenshi zhi pai = the “correct school of poetry” and have the highest standards of cretivity<br /> Fang Hui emphasized fa = “correct methods” for both words and lines stressed that the highest style was “thin and hard” (瘦硬 = shouying), “seasoned and strong” (老辣 = laola), and had something definite from which it stemmed (出处来历 = chuchu laili).<br /> He repeated the major points of the Jiangxi School as defining characteristics of good verse: poetry should represent loftiness in its establishment of aims, hard work in its application of the mind, extensive reading, and authenticity in following the masters.<br /> He did point out some flaws in Jiangxi School also though.<br /> <br /> He wrote 2715 poems, almost all of which were written during early Yuan.<br /> <br /> == Dai Biaoyuan ==<br /> <br /> Dao Biaoyuan was a writer who had an extensive social network centered on Hangzhou. His best works were his prose essays and he advocated the creation of poetics based on the Tang model.<br /> The contents of his writings contained the complex relationship between social change, the abrogation of the examination system, and the status of writers.<br /> He encouraged his students to study not just the High Tang but rather all Tang writers and resist imitation. Basically, he told his students to “write like the Tang but like no particular writer from the Tang.” His own poetry was not too good though.<br /> <br /> In Hangzhou, he gathered a group of local writers linked by extensive social networks for communication and exchange.<br /> They had poems sent back and forth as “matching rhymes” or “response poems” – modern critics say that these verses are artificial, occasional, and lacking in social realism, so they are mostly ignored; still, they represent Yuan writers’ works and lyric explorations of the quality of friendship and the significance of social encounters.<br /> <br /> = Powerpoint =<br /> <br /> [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/3/3c/1_575.pptx Powerpoint]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> <br /> Text pages 575-581.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2808 2012-04-19T06:59:24Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Like the imperial examinations, these events and competitions resulted in large gatherings, which strengthened communication and the cultural bond between writers.<br /> <br /> = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring =<br /> <br /> The most important society was Yuequan yinshe = 月泉吟社 = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring.<br /> <br /> In Nov. 1286, Wu Wei sent out invitations to the poetic societies that he knew asking writers to compose a poem on the topic “Random Inspirations in Field and Garden in Days of Spring” and submit it on the Lantern Festival – 15th of 1st lunar month = Jan. 29, 1287. On April 16 the winners will be announced. Aoubt 2735 poems were collected and judged by eminent writers in the society, all of whom refused to serve the Yuan. Poets used pen names and names of examiners were not released. About 280 poems were selected, ranked, and published with commentary by judges and the number and amount of awards in the book called “Poems of the Poetic Society of Moon Spring.”<br /> <br /> Top winner: 70 ft of silk, 5 pens, 5 sticks of ink.<br /> <br /> = Yuan =<br /> <br /> The poetic societies, especially The Poetic Society of Moon Spring, were acts of resistance to the Yuan.<br /> <br /> They kept the value of writing alive as a cultural act as well as linked social and cultural authority to competition and rewards of good writing.<br /> <br /> Due to the societies, the main feature of Yuan poetry is the collection of poems on a single topic, which is a highly cohesive social act.<br /> <br /> Another remarkable characteristic is that the authorities did not interfere with the societies’ development of the purely private and extensive network of communication.<br /> <br /> = Two Major Figures =<br /> *方回 = Fang Hui (1227-1307)<br /> *戴表元 = Dai Biaoyuan (1244-1311)<br /> <br /> == Fang Hui ==<br /> <br /> Fang Hui was one of the first officials to surrender to the Mongols. He served briefly under the Mongols and then spent the majority of his time moving around near Hangzhou and wrote. His character had issues but his poetry and critical works are all accepted.<br /> <br /> Major work: 瀛奎律髓 = Yingkui Lüsui = The Essentials of the Regulated Verse of the Poets of the Tang and Song.<br /> It contains 49 chapters. Fang Hui marked words in a poem that indicate its “eye,” which is its point of critical excellence, and he critiqued each poem with a short statement. He wanted to renew the place of Jiangxi School in the tradition to correct the overly refined and vulgar nature of Four Lings andd the Rivers and Lakes poets.<br /> <br /> Fang Hui advocated yizu sanzong = the “one progenitor and three ancestors” – Du Fu, Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, Chen Yuyi, who are zhenshi zhi pai = the “correct school of poetry” and have the highest standards of cretivity<br /> Fang Hui emphasized fa = “correct methods” for both words and lines stressed that the highest style was “thin and hard” (瘦硬 = shouying), “seasoned and strong” (老辣 = laola), and had something definite from which it stemmed (出处来历 = chuchu laili).<br /> He repeated the major points of the Jiangxi School as defining characteristics of good verse: poetry should represent loftiness in its establishment of aims, hard work in its application of the mind, extensive reading, and authenticity in following the masters.<br /> He did point out some flaws in Jiangxi School also though.<br /> <br /> He wrote 2715 poems, almost all of which were written during early Yuan.<br /> <br /> == Dai Biaoyuan ==<br /> <br /> Dao Biaoyuan was a writer who had an extensive social network centered on Hangzhou. His best works were his prose essays and he advocated the creation of poetics based on the Tang model.<br /> The contents of his writings contained the complex relationship between social change, the abrogation of the examination system, and the status of writers.<br /> He encouraged his students to study not just the High Tang but rather all Tang writers and resist imitation. Basically, he told his students to “write like the Tang but like no particular writer from the Tang.” His own poetry was not too good though.<br /> <br /> In Hangzhou, he gathered a group of local writers linked by extensive social networks for communication and exchange.<br /> They had poems sent back and forth as “matching rhymes” or “response poems” – modern critics say that these verses are artificial, occasional, and lacking in social realism, so they are mostly ignored; still, they represent Yuan writers’ works and lyric explorations of the quality of friendship and the significance of social encounters.<br /> <br /> == Powerpoint ==<br /> <br /> [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/3/3c/1_575.pptx Powerpoint]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> Text pages 575-581.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Ming_literature&diff=2749 2012-04-19T06:22:11Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= After Yongle =<br /> <br /> In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority.<br /> The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those from the beginning of the century.<br /> The authors claimed that “the imperial majesty of Beijing was a living emblem of the Heavenly mandate of the Great Ming, an empire that would endure for ‘tens of thousands of years’ and under which China was once again the center of the universe.”<br /> <br /> This claim died in 1449 when Yingzong Emperor (who was 21 at the time) was taken prisoner by the Mongols at the Battle of Tumu.<br /> He was returned a year later but by then his brother already replace him as the emperor.<br /> In 1457 he was restored to the throne but he was caught in way-to-complicated court politics and died 8 years later, and then his 16-year-old son became the Chenghua Emperor.<br /> <br /> Due to this whole incident, the Chinese became more worried about being attacked by the Mongols and spent lots of money and manpower to build the Great Wall.<br /> <br /> = Politics, culture, and education =<br /> <br /> Because politics and culture are inversely proportional to each other, as the military shrunk, literature expended.<br /> After Yingzong’s capture, more writers and scholar-officials began to write political criticisms.<br /> It was kind of life-risking and men in public life were never free from political persecution.<br /> Many received court beatings and were sent into exile, which led to the shift in the power center in literature from imperial court to individual writers.<br /> <br /> One of the causes of this shift is that the mid-Ming emperors were supporters of educational and cultural activities so they made policy changes in the school system, which included creating a new rank for teachers called tixue guan and expanding the schools.<br /> By the early 16th century, 244,300 students were enrolled in school.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> One of the things that went through significant changes was the fu.<br /> Before, many early Ming scholar-officials wrote fu that praised Beijing.<br /> During middle Ming, the contents of fu changed somewhat.<br /> In “Fu on Beijing,” Huang Zuo used animals such as foxes and rats to represent the corrupt officials in the capital.<br /> In “An Extraordinary View Seen from the Outskirts of the South Sea” by Qiu Jun, the poet says that Hainan Island is more beautiful than all other places on Earth.<br /> There were also other fu describing the customs and rituals of the local people.<br /> <br /> Compared to the fu from before, the fu of mid-Ming was more expressive and rich in descriptive imagery but realistic at the same time.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> There were also fu about foreign travels.<br /> <br /> Dong Yue was an ambassador to Korea under Hongzhi Emperor and he wrote about geographical and social discourse: Korea’s geographical conditions, locations of its cities, agricultural produce, and history of Korean trade with China.<br /> Trade = respect to the Chinese empire.<br /> He said that the virtues of Korean women were influence by the Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> Zhan Ruoshui wrote about how China cultivated the minds of the “barbarian” people of Annam and related the Chinese cultural influences back to mythological figures.<br /> <br /> = Drama, vernacular lyrics, and popular song culture =<br /> <br /> Except for Hongzhi Emperor, the other mid-Ming emperors were rather incompetent and were manipulated by the eunuchs.<br /> However, they all supported the song culture.<br /> It was said that the popular songs, such as the “Wu Songs” and “Hanging Branch,” that “uniquely distinguished” Ming literature from Tang, Song, and Yuan.<br /> <br /> Shiqu &amp; sanqu were sang at private houses and dramatic arias were performed onstage.<br /> Chenghua Emperor and Zhengde Emperor both collected the printed song lyrics.<br /> <br /> <br /> An annotated and illustrated edition of the Yuan play The Western Wing was published in 1498.<br /> The publisher’s note indicated that contemporary popular songs were often imitations of songs in The Western Wing, everyone had learned the play by heart and can perform them.<br /> The songs expressed human emotions and purified feelings and thus always affected the way of the world deeply.<br /> <br /> Moral relationships in Confucian teachings.<br /> <br /> = The examination essay =<br /> <br /> It is an 8-part essay with very specific and complicated requirements in the uses of parallel phrases.<br /> Therefore, it took rigorous practice to master the 8-part essay, which involved repetition and drills.<br /> <br /> Equivalent to a Du Fu in poetry or a Sima Qian in historiography.<br /> Took 1st place in both provincial examination and the metropolitan examination.<br /> Received lots of criticism.<br /> <br /> It had issues in 18th century and was abolished in 20th century.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Ming_literature&diff=2747 2012-04-19T06:19:44Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= After Yongle =<br /> <br /> In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority.<br /> The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those from the beginning of the century.<br /> The authors claimed that “the imperial majesty of Beijing was a living emblem of the Heavenly mandate of the Great Ming, an empire that would endure for ‘tens of thousands of years’ and under which China was once again the center of the universe.”<br /> <br /> This claim died in 1449 when Yingzong Emperor (who was 21 at the time) was taken prisoner by the Mongols at the Battle of Tumu.<br /> He was returned a year later but by then his brother already replace him as the emperor.<br /> In 1457 he was restored to the throne but he was caught in way-to-complicated court politics and died 8 years later, and then his 16-year-old son became the Chenghua Emperor.<br /> <br /> Due to this whole incident, the Chinese became more worried about being attacked by the Mongols and spent lots of money and manpower to build the Great Wall.<br /> <br /> = Politics, culture, and education =<br /> <br /> Because politics and culture are inversely proportional to each other, as the military shrunk, literature expended.<br /> After Yingzong’s capture, more writers and scholar-officials began to write political criticisms.<br /> It was kind of life-risking and men in public life were never free from political persecution.<br /> Many received court beatings and were sent into exile, which led to the shift in the power center in literature from imperial court to individual writers.<br /> <br /> One of the causes of this shift is that the mid-Ming emperors were supporters of educational and cultural activities so they made policy changes in the school system, which included creating a new rank for teachers called tixue guan and expanding the schools.<br /> By the early 16th century, 244,300 students were enrolled in school.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> One of the things that went through significant changes was the fu.<br /> Before, many early Ming scholar-officials wrote fu that praised Beijing.<br /> During middle Ming, the contents of fu changed somewhat.<br /> In “Fu on Beijing,” Huang Zuo used animals such as foxes and rats to represent the corrupt officials in the capital.<br /> In “An Extraordinary View Seen from the Outskirts of the South Sea” by Qiu Jun, the poet says that Hainan Island is more beautiful than all other places on Earth.<br /> There were also other fu describing the customs and rituals of the local people.<br /> <br /> Compared to the fu from before, the fu of mid-Ming was more expressive and rich in descriptive imagery but realistic at the same time.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> There were also fu about foreign travels.<br /> <br /> Dong Yue was an ambassador to Korea under Hongzhi Emperor and he wrote about geographical and social discourse: Korea’s geographical conditions, locations of its cities, agricultural produce, and history of Korean trade with China.<br /> Trade = respect to the Chinese empire.<br /> He said that the virtues of Korean women were influence by the Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> Zhan Ruoshui wrote about how China cultivated the minds of the “barbarian” people of Annam and related the Chinese cultural influences back to mythological figures.<br /> <br /> = Drama, vernacular lyrics, and popular song culture =<br /> <br /> Except for Hongzhi Emperor, the other mid-Ming emperors were rather incompetent and were manipulated by the eunuchs.<br /> However, they all supported the song culture.<br /> It was said that the popular songs, such as the “Wu Songs” and “Hanging Branch,” that “uniquely distinguished” Ming literature from Tang, Song, and Yuan.<br /> <br /> Shiqu &amp; sanqu were sang at private houses and dramatic arias were performed onstage.<br /> Chenghua Emperor and Zhengde Emperor both collected the printed song lyrics.<br /> <br /> <br /> An annotated and illustrated edition of the Yuan play The Western Wing was published in 1498.<br /> The publisher’s note indicated that contemporary popular songs were often imitations of songs in The Western Wing, everyone had learned the play by heart and can perform them.<br /> The songs expressed human emotions and purified feelings and thus always affected the way of the world deeply.<br /> <br /> Moral relationships in Confucian teachings.<br /> <br /> = The examination essay =<br /> <br /> It is an 8-part essay with very specific and complicated requirements in the uses of parallel phrases.<br /> Therefore, it took rigorous practice to master the 8-part essay, which involved repetition and drills.<br /> <br /> Equivalent to a Du Fu in poetry or a Sima Qian in historiography.<br /> Took 1st place in both provincial examination and the metropolitan examination.<br /> Received lots of criticism.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Ming_literature&diff=2744 2012-04-19T06:18:02Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= After Yongle =<br /> <br /> In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority.<br /> The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those from the beginning of the century.<br /> The authors claimed that “the imperial majesty of Beijing was a living emblem of the Heavenly mandate of the Great Ming, an empire that would endure for ‘tens of thousands of years’ and under which China was once again the center of the universe.”<br /> <br /> This claim died in 1449 when Yingzong Emperor (who was 21 at the time) was taken prisoner by the Mongols at the Battle of Tumu.<br /> He was returned a year later but by then his brother already replace him as the emperor.<br /> In 1457 he was restored to the throne but he was caught in way-to-complicated court politics and died 8 years later, and then his 16-year-old son became the Chenghua Emperor.<br /> <br /> Due to this whole incident, the Chinese became more worried about being attacked by the Mongols and spent lots of money and manpower to build the Great Wall.<br /> <br /> = Politics, culture, and education =<br /> <br /> Because politics and culture are inversely proportional to each other, as the military shrunk, literature expended.<br /> After Yingzong’s capture, more writers and scholar-officials began to write political criticisms.<br /> It was kind of life-risking and men in public life were never free from political persecution.<br /> Many received court beatings and were sent into exile, which led to the shift in the power center in literature from imperial court to individual writers.<br /> <br /> One of the causes of this shift is that the mid-Ming emperors were supporters of educational and cultural activities so they made policy changes in the school system, which included creating a new rank for teachers called tixue guan and expanding the schools.<br /> By the early 16th century, 244,300 students were enrolled in school.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> One of the things that went through significant changes was the fu.<br /> Before, many early Ming scholar-officials wrote fu that praised Beijing.<br /> During middle Ming, the contents of fu changed somewhat.<br /> In “Fu on Beijing,” Huang Zuo used animals such as foxes and rats to represent the corrupt officials in the capital.<br /> In “An Extraordinary View Seen from the Outskirts of the South Sea” by Qiu Jun, the poet says that Hainan Island is more beautiful than all other places on Earth.<br /> There were also other fu describing the customs and rituals of the local people.<br /> <br /> Compared to the fu from before, the fu of mid-Ming was more expressive and rich in descriptive imagery but realistic at the same time.<br /> <br /> = New perspective on place =<br /> <br /> There were also fu about foreign travels.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Dong Yue was an ambassador to Korea under Hongzhi Emperor and he wrote about geographical and social discourse: Korea’s geographical conditions, locations of its cities, agricultural produce, and history of Korean trade with China.<br /> Trade = respect to the Chinese empire.<br /> He said that the virtues of Korean women were influence by the Chinese culture.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Zhan Ruoshui wrote about how China cultivated the minds of the “barbarian” people of Annam and related the Chinese cultural influences back to mythological figures.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Ming_literature&diff=2741 2012-04-19T06:16:22Z

<p>Wantong: Created page with '= After Yongle = In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority. The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those fro…'</p> <hr /> <div>= After Yongle =<br /> <br /> In the decades after Yongle, Beijing was still the symbol of the dynasty’s prestige and authority.<br /> The fu writings share their eulogistic tones with those from the beginning of the century.<br /> The authors claimed that “the imperial majesty of Beijing was a living emblem of the Heavenly mandate of the Great Ming, an empire that would endure for ‘tens of thousands of years’ and under which China was once again the center of the universe.”<br /> <br /> This claim died in 1449 when Yingzong Emperor (who was 21 at the time) was taken prisoner by the Mongols at the Battle of Tumu.<br /> He was returned a year later but by then his brother already replace him as the emperor.<br /> In 1457 he was restored to the throne but he was caught in way-to-complicated court politics and died 8 years later, and then his 16-year-old son became the Chenghua Emperor.<br /> <br /> Due to this whole incident, the Chinese became more worried about being attacked by the Mongols and spent lots of money and manpower to build the Great Wall.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2737 2012-04-19T06:13:03Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * [[Yuan Literature I]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 05:53, 19 April 2012 (UTC)Arnold<br /> * [[Yuan Literature II]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * [[Ming Literature I]] -- Delon L<br /> * [[Ming literature]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2736 2012-04-19T06:10:54Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Like the imperial examinations, these events and competitions resulted in large gatherings, which strengthened communication and the cultural bond between writers.<br /> <br /> = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring =<br /> <br /> The most important society was Yuequan yinshe = 月泉吟社 = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring.<br /> <br /> In Nov. 1286, Wu Wei sent out invitations to the poetic societies that he knew asking writers to compose a poem on the topic “Random Inspirations in Field and Garden in Days of Spring” and submit it on the Lantern Festival – 15th of 1st lunar month = Jan. 29, 1287. On April 16 the winners will be announced. Aoubt 2735 poems were collected and judged by eminent writers in the society, all of whom refused to serve the Yuan. Poets used pen names and names of examiners were not released. About 280 poems were selected, ranked, and published with commentary by judges and the number and amount of awards in the book called “Poems of the Poetic Society of Moon Spring.”<br /> <br /> Top winner: 70 ft of silk, 5 pens, 5 sticks of ink.<br /> <br /> = Yuan =<br /> <br /> The poetic societies, especially The Poetic Society of Moon Spring, were acts of resistance to the Yuan.<br /> <br /> They kept the value of writing alive as a cultural act as well as linked social and cultural authority to competition and rewards of good writing.<br /> <br /> Due to the societies, the main feature of Yuan poetry is the collection of poems on a single topic, which is a highly cohesive social act.<br /> <br /> Another remarkable characteristic is that the authorities did not interfere with the societies’ development of the purely private and extensive network of communication.<br /> <br /> = Two Major Figures =<br /> *方回 = Fang Hui (1227-1307)<br /> *戴表元 = Dai Biaoyuan (1244-1311)<br /> <br /> == Fang Hui ==<br /> <br /> Fang Hui was one of the first officials to surrender to the Mongols. He served briefly under the Mongols and then spent the majority of his time moving around near Hangzhou and wrote. His character had issues but his poetry and critical works are all accepted.<br /> <br /> Major work: 瀛奎律髓 = Yingkui Lüsui = The Essentials of the Regulated Verse of the Poets of the Tang and Song.<br /> It contains 49 chapters. Fang Hui marked words in a poem that indicate its “eye,” which is its point of critical excellence, and he critiqued each poem with a short statement. He wanted to renew the place of Jiangxi School in the tradition to correct the overly refined and vulgar nature of Four Lings andd the Rivers and Lakes poets.<br /> <br /> Fang Hui advocated yizu sanzong = the “one progenitor and three ancestors” – Du Fu, Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao, Chen Yuyi, who are zhenshi zhi pai = the “correct school of poetry” and have the highest standards of cretivity<br /> Fang Hui emphasized fa = “correct methods” for both words and lines stressed that the highest style was “thin and hard” (瘦硬 = shouying), “seasoned and strong” (老辣 = laola), and had something definite from which it stemmed (出处来历 = chuchu laili).<br /> He repeated the major points of the Jiangxi School as defining characteristics of good verse: poetry should represent loftiness in its establishment of aims, hard work in its application of the mind, extensive reading, and authenticity in following the masters.<br /> He did point out some flaws in Jiangxi School also though.<br /> <br /> He wrote 2715 poems, almost all of which were written during early Yuan.<br /> <br /> == Dai Biaoyuan ==<br /> <br /> Dao Biaoyuan was a writer who had an extensive social network centered on Hangzhou. His best works were his prose essays and he advocated the creation of poetics based on the Tang model.<br /> The contents of his writings contained the complex relationship between social change, the abrogation of the examination system, and the status of writers.<br /> He encouraged his students to study not just the High Tang but rather all Tang writers and resist imitation. Basically, he told his students to “write like the Tang but like no particular writer from the Tang.” His own poetry was not too good though.<br /> <br /> In Hangzhou, he gathered a group of local writers linked by extensive social networks for communication and exchange.<br /> They had poems sent back and forth as “matching rhymes” or “response poems” – modern critics say that these verses are artificial, occasional, and lacking in social realism, so they are mostly ignored; still, they represent Yuan writers’ works and lyric explorations of the quality of friendship and the significance of social encounters.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2734 2012-04-19T06:05:24Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Like the imperial examinations, these events and competitions resulted in large gatherings, which strengthened communication and the cultural bond between writers.<br /> <br /> = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring =<br /> <br /> The most important society was Yuequan yinshe = 月泉吟社 = The Poetic Society of Moon Spring.<br /> <br /> In Nov. 1286, Wu Wei sent out invitations to the poetic societies that he knew asking writers to compose a poem on the topic “Random Inspirations in Field and Garden in Days of Spring” and submit it on the Lantern Festival – 15th of 1st lunar month = Jan. 29, 1287. On April 16 the winners will be announced. Aoubt 2735 poems were collected and judged by eminent writers in the society, all of whom refused to serve the Yuan. Poets used pen names and names of examiners were not released. About 280 poems were selected, ranked, and published with commentary by judges and the number and amount of awards in the book called “Poems of the Poetic Society of Moon Spring.”<br /> <br /> Top winner: 70 ft of silk, 5 pens, 5 sticks of ink.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2731 2012-04-19T06:04:16Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Like the imperial examinations, these events and competitions resulted in large gatherings, which strengthened communication and the cultural bond between writers.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Yuan_Literature_II&diff=2730 2012-04-19T06:03:52Z

<p>Wantong: Created page with '= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: = *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Da…'</p> <hr /> <div>= 2 trends when Southern Song fell: =<br /> *Yimin = loyalists = leftover subjects – minds trapped in previous dynasty<br /> *New areas of China opened up – travels. Many Buddhist and Daoist monks went to see the great temple complex at Mount Wutai and new capital in Dadu. It brought about a sense of unity.<br /> <br /> = Implications of the end of the examination system =<br /> Since there are no more imperial examinations, the writers started to do other stuff in its place.<br /> <br /> Poetic competitions were organized in the south. They resurrected the ideals and structure of the examination system but its main focus is literary composition independent of political mobility.<br /> <br /> Instead of testing the standard core of shared info, they created societies that examined different writers on their ability to write poetry of a single topic.<br /> <br /> The institutions judged the quality or the works and awarded prizes.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Some of the themes were flowers, colophons on calligraphy and paintings, parting poems, poems celebrating appointments to positions, poetic gatherings, historical sites and events, etc.<br /> <br /> Most important themes: palace poems and “bamboo songs” from West Lack in Hangzhou.<br /> <br /> Hundreds of colophons and independently compiled and printed collections of poems on a single theme.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2721 2012-04-19T05:59:50Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * [[Yuan Literature I]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 05:53, 19 April 2012 (UTC)Arnold<br /> * [[Yuan Literature II]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * [[Ming Literature I]] -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2719 2012-04-19T05:59:10Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> *Friends: Eastern Forest partisans and later Revival Society members<br /> *Age 60: Accepted a courtesy appointment as a lowly official in an impoverished district.<br /> Applied myself in a variety of good works, including distributing medicine to the poor and reducing the rate of female infanticide, all detailed in the gazetteer I compiled in those days.<br /> *I had works ranging from classical commentary to ribald folk songs.<br /> Great achievements in almost every genre of nonelite literature: vernacular fiction long and short, jokes, anecdotes, drama, and popular song.<br /> *I also adapted plays.<br /> *I was sensitive enough to market potential that in 1615 he urged a publisher to offer a high price for the writer Shen Defu’s manuscript copy of The Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei). 3 years before publication I espied some commercial promise here.<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> Text pages 121-127.</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2715 2012-04-19T05:58:47Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> *Friends: Eastern Forest partisans and later Revival Society members<br /> *Age 60: Accepted a courtesy appointment as a lowly official in an impoverished district.<br /> Applied myself in a variety of good works, including distributing medicine to the poor and reducing the rate of female infanticide, all detailed in the gazetteer I compiled in those days.<br /> *I had works ranging from classical commentary to ribald folk songs.<br /> Great achievements in almost every genre of nonelite literature: vernacular fiction long and short, jokes, anecdotes, drama, and popular song.<br /> *I also adapted plays.<br /> *I was sensitive enough to market potential that in 1615 he urged a publisher to offer a high price for the writer Shen Defu’s manuscript copy of The Plum in the Golden Vase (Jin ping mei). 3 years before publication I espied some commercial promise here.<br /> <br /> = References =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2712 2012-04-19T05:56:43Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> Through a love story, described the oppression of women’s aspirations for happiness and attacked the feudal system and its oppression of women.<br /> <br /> === Du Shiniang nuchen baibaoxiang (杜十娘怒沉百宝箱) ===<br /> <br /> The novel created a brilliant image of women – 杜十娘.<br /> As a professional entertainer/prostitute(?) at a music house.<br /> She wanted to escape from her current life because of the inhumane way that she was treated, so she has to get married.<br /> (She met this person named 李甲 and) after she was convinced that his love for her is true, she started to fight with the mother of the prostitution house.<br /> Using her wits she was able to jump out of the “pit of hell.<br /> However, as she was going home with 李甲, 李甲 was lured by money and personal interest and sold her to the wealthy merchant named 孙富.<br /> 杜十娘 was filled with resentment for 李甲 so she scolded him and then took the treasure box and jumped into the waves.<br /> She used her youth and life to denounce the evils of the society and maintained her ideal of love.<br /> After she jumped into the river, the people who saw this were furious and started to beat 李甲 and 孙富, reflecting the hatred of the people for those born into the wealthy families and just wastes that money.<br /> <br /> (It also reflected the author’s 鲜明爱憎.)<br /> <br /> === Maiyoulang duzhan huakui (卖油郎独占花魁) ===<br /> <br /> Oil seller 秦重 was attacted by the beauty of the head prostitute 莘瑶琴 (Shen Yaoqin).<br /> He tried to used the hard-earned money that he saved to get close to her.<br /> At first, she was very unhappy because he was a nobody.<br /> But then because 秦重 was very considerate and thoughtful, she thought that it was quite rare for someone to be so loyal and honest.<br /> However, because of the existing hierarchy, 莘瑶琴 was unwilling to admit that she liked him.<br /> After she got raped by 吴八公子 she realized that the wealthy only knows how to buy happiness and not really treasure women, so she asked to marry 秦重 and says that she is fine with having just normal clothings and veggies for meals.<br /> <br /> This story reflected that regarding love and marriage, feelings and respect instead of money and social status were the most important aspects.<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> === Guanyuansou wanfeng xiannü (灌园叟晚逢仙女) ===<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> = References =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2709 2012-04-19T05:54:25Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> There were three main themes in ''Three Words'': the oppression of women, fights and struggles of the feudal ruling classes, and friendship vs treachery.<br /> <br /> == Oppression of Women ==<br /> <br /> == Fights and Struggles of the Feudal Ruling Classes ==<br /> <br /> After middle Ming, there were even more corruption among the feudal ruling classes than before and the power struggles among the rulers are were more intense, and these became the foundation for the literary works during the time.<br /> <br /> Sometime during Song Dynasty, there was this old guy (秋先); he used to be a farmer and has acres of land and a cottage (草房).<br /> His wife passed away some time ago and he had no children.<br /> Ever since he was young, he was obsessed with growing plants (flowers and fruits) that he abandoned farming and focused on growing flowers.<br /> To him, rare flowers were worth even more than priceless treasures.<br /> If he saw a flower that he liked on the market he would always buy it, and if he did not have money he would pound his clothes just to afford the flower.<br /> After days and months and years, his garden had accumulated a magnificent assortment of plants.<br /> He was thoroughly addicted and usually did not even let anyone into his garden because he was afraid that they might break it/the flowers.<br /> <br /> There was this person (张委) who was the son (?) of a court official.<br /> He was cunning, cruel, and wanted power, so he regularly terrorized his neighbors.<br /> One time when he was wandering around and came upon the garden.<br /> Despite being told that the old man did not allow people into his garden he still went in because he was quite narcissistic.<br /> 张委 really liked the garden; he started drinking and decided that he wanted the garden for himself.<br /> First he asked to buy it but the old man refused to sell.<br /> He got angry and plus he was drunk so he started to pluck and trample the flowers.<br /> <br /> The old man was very sad and as he cried he saw this very pretty woman; she magically fixed the garden.<br /> Zhang heard this and was quite surprised.<br /> Because the old man would not sell the garden he decided to demand it by accusing the old man to be a demon.<br /> The old man denied this and thus got arrested by 张霸 (works for 张委) .<br /> In the prison he prayed for someone to come and save him and the lady from before appeared and got him out of the prison… then he woke up (still in prison).<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, 张委 was about to show off “his” garden.<br /> But everything appeared dead again and the lady came and created a wind storm that scared everyone away.<br /> 张霸 tripped over the plant roots and broke his head.<br /> 张委 was buried head down in the manure.<br /> The next day the old man was freed.<br /> <br /> == Friendship vs Treachery==<br /> <br /> The stories praised friendship and rebuked treachery. They also included:<br /> *Darkness of politics<br /> *Bad social atmosphere<br /> *Industrial prosperity<br /> *Growth of public sectors<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> = References =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2699 2012-04-19T05:48:27Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan) = Stories Old and New (Gujin xiaoshuo = 古今小说), Comprehensive Words to Warn the World (Jingshi tongyan = 警世通言), and Constant Words to Awaken the World(Xingshi hengyan = 醒世恒言).<br /> <br /> Some of my other works include:<br /> *Xinlie guozhi (新列国志)<br /> *Gujin lienü yanyi (古今烈女演义)<br /> *Gujin Tangai (古今谈概)<br /> *Zhinang (智囊)<br /> *Qingshi(情史)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' contains 40 stories per volume thus 120 total. One third of the stories were set in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the other two thirds were set in the Ming dynasty. Some of the topics include common people's economic activities and friendships, feudal morals, ways of the immortals, and love and marriage.<br /> <br /> The stories condemned the corrupt feudal officials and praised the others. they also praised friendship and love and criticized ungratefulness and betrayal. Most importantly, the stories described the lives of the common people.<br /> <br /> ''Three Words'' presented the new ideas during the beginning of capitalism that was, at the same time, combined with the negative, corrupt, and vulgar past consciousness. The phenomena of intertwined progress and regress are the basis for the emerging style of literature.<br /> <br /> &quot;Unlike contemporary works of erotica or entertainment, in which the didactic content was secondary (or even ironic), these stories treat the reward of the good and the punishment of the bad as a matter of great seriousness. The protagonists are usually people of humble background, but the moral questions they confront are not in the least trivialized&quot; ().<br /> <br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =<br /> <br /> = References =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2695 2012-04-19T05:36:50Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief that led to my being the first commercially successful writer. Before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, he would pay money in the form of a bribe because giving payment is considered improper. I, however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> My most important work is the &quot;Three Words&quot; (三言 = Sanyan). &quot;Three Words&quot; is a collection of three different books: Clear Words to Instruct the World (喻世明言 = Yushi mingyan)<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2691 2012-04-19T05:32:28Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> To me, ethical earnestness and suspicion of traditional elite forms and accepted wisdom can coexist. In my works, I cited the writings that supported this point because I believe that the &quot;division that makes the most sense lies not between professionals and amateurs, but between ivory-tower pedantry and moral teachings that everyone, no matter how humble, can practice&quot; (122-123).<br /> <br /> My own works would almost always contain some kind of morality. In my stories, the greatest sins in the world is &quot;prudishness and hypocritical self-righteousness, while no shame attaches to earning honest money even, for example, as a beggar&quot; (123). It is because of this belief I am sometimes known as the first commercially successful writer: before, literature is shared by being passed among people and writer are not supposed to take money in exchange for their work. Sometimes, if a writer wanted another writer to promote or write a preface for his work, they will pay money in forms of bribes because giving payment is considered improper. I however, was sure that writing can be just as good a profession as any other, so I took money for my writings and made sure it was legal and out in the open.<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2680 2012-04-19T05:18:33Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> I was born in Changzhou in 1574. I came from a prestigious family. My elder brother, younger brother, and I are called Wuxia sanfeng, which means &quot;the three Feng's in Wuxia.&quot; My elder brother Feng Menggui was an artist, my younger brother Feng Mengxiong was a university student and also a published poet, and I was a vernacular writer and poet. <br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2678 2012-04-19T05:11:59Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)<br /> <br /> = Life =<br /> <br /> = Views in Writings =<br /> <br /> = Major Works =<br /> <br /> = ''Three Words'' (三言) =<br /> <br /> = Other Stuff =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Feng_Menglong&diff=2657 2012-04-19T04:55:24Z

<p>Wantong: Created page with '(the first commercially successful writer)'</p> <hr /> <div>(the first commercially successful writer)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2656 2012-04-19T04:55:00Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * Yuan Literature I -- Arnold<br /> * Yuan Literature II -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature I - Rise of books -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2647 2012-04-19T04:44:45Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * Yuan Literature I -- Arnold<br /> * Yuan Literature II -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature I - Rise of books -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong (the first commercially successful writer)]] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2643 2012-04-19T04:43:55Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * Yuan Literature I -- Arnold<br /> * Yuan Literature II --[[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature I - Rise of books -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay --[[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:43, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong (the first commercially successful writer)]] --[[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2640 2012-04-19T04:42:34Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * Yuan Literature I -- Arnold<br /> * Yuan Literature II -- Wantong D<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * [[Literary Societies]] -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature I - Rise of books -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay -- Wantong D<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Feng Menglong (the first commercially successful writer)]] -- --[[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 04:42, 19 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2636 2012-04-19T04:40:06Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters (&quot;Lyric&quot;).<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> Send-off poems are also called parting poems or farewell poems. A send-off poem is usually written to a friend with whom a poet is about go separate ways.<br /> <br /> === 《Seeing Off a Friend》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Green hills above the northern wall,''<br /> <br /> ''White water winding east of the city.''<br /> <br /> ''On this spot our single act of parting,''<br /> <br /> ''The lonely tumbleweed journeys ten thousand li.''<br /> <br /> ''Drifting clouds echo the traveller's thoughts,''<br /> <br /> ''The setting sun reflects my old friend's feelings.''<br /> <br /> ''You wave your hand and set off from this place,''<br /> <br /> ''Your horse whinnies as it leaves.''<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> As the name suggest, a memorial poem is a poem written in the memory of someone who has passed away.<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> Satirical poems are poems that criticize society, politics, and/or people.<br /> <br /> One famous example of satirical poetry is 《Qin Zhong Yin》(秦中吟) written by Bai Juyi in 810. 《Qin Zhong Yin》is a series of ten poems written about society and corruption (&quot;Qin&quot;).<br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Lyric Poetry.&quot; Types-of-Poetry. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/31-lyric-poetry.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Qin Zhong Yin&quot; (秦中吟). 百度百科. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://baike.baidu.com/view/563690.htm&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2625 2012-04-19T04:32:50Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters (&quot;Lyric&quot;).<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> Send-off poems are also called parting poems or farewell poems. A send-off poem is usually written to a friend with whom a poet is about go separate ways.<br /> <br /> === 《Seeing Off a Friend》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Green hills above the northern wall,''<br /> <br /> ''White water winding east of the city.''<br /> <br /> ''On this spot our single act of parting,''<br /> <br /> ''The lonely tumbleweed journeys ten thousand li.''<br /> <br /> ''Drifting clouds echo the traveller's thoughts,''<br /> <br /> ''The setting sun reflects my old friend's feelings.''<br /> <br /> ''You wave your hand and set off from this place,''<br /> <br /> ''Your horse whinnies as it leaves.''<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> As the name suggest, a memorial poem is a poem written in the memory of someone who has passed away.<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Lyric Poetry.&quot; Types-of-Poetry. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/31-lyric-poetry.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2624 2012-04-19T04:31:56Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters (&quot;Lyric&quot;).<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> Send-off poems are also called parting poems or farewell poems. A send-off poem is usually written to a friend with whom a poet is about go separate ways.<br /> <br /> === 《Seeing Off a Friend》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Green hills above the northern wall,''<br /> <br /> ''White water winding east of the city.''<br /> <br /> ''On this spot our single act of parting,''<br /> <br /> ''The lonely tumbleweed journeys ten thousand li.''<br /> <br /> ''Drifting clouds echo the traveller's thoughts,''<br /> <br /> ''The setting sun reflects my old friend's feelings.''<br /> <br /> ''You wave your hand and set off from this place,''<br /> <br /> ''Your horse whinnies as it leaves.''<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Lyric Poetry.&quot; Types-of-Poetry. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/31-lyric-poetry.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2623 2012-04-19T04:31:29Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters (&quot;Lyric&quot;).<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> Send-off poems are also called parting poems or farewell poems. A send-off poem is usually written to a friend with whom a poet is about go separate ways.<br /> <br /> === 《Seeing Off a Friend》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Green hills above the northern wall,''<br /> <br /> �''White water winding east of the city.''<br /> <br /> �''On this spot our single act of parting,''<br /> <br /> �''The lonely tumbleweed journeys ten thousand li.''<br /> <br /> �''Drifting clouds echo the traveller's thoughts,''<br /> <br /> �''The setting sun reflects my old friend's feelings.�''<br /> <br /> ''You wave your hand and set off from this place,�''<br /> <br /> ''Your horse whinnies as it leaves.''<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Lyric Poetry.&quot; Types-of-Poetry. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/31-lyric-poetry.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2617 2012-04-19T04:26:47Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters (&quot;Lyric&quot;).<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Lyric Poetry.&quot; Types-of-Poetry. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.types-of-poetry.org.uk/31-lyric-poetry.htm&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2613 2012-04-19T04:23:56Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> Lyric poetry has a personal nature. A lyric poem portrays a poet's feelings, state of mind, and perceptions. Unlike a narrative poem, a lyric poem does not tell a story with a plot or characters.<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 (Yongwu shi) ==<br /> <br /> Yongwu shi (咏物诗) is a type of lyric poetry that uses objects - items, animals, etc. to express feelings and emotions.<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2601 2012-04-19T04:16:15Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> ''Bian'' (边) means borders and ''sai'' (塞) means fortress, so frontier fortress poems have topics such as the scenery and the life experiences of the soldiers on the edges of the Chinese empires. The themes in this genre include pride for serving the country, the harsh life on the borders, and homesickness of the soldiers.<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2598 2012-04-19T04:11:04Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> ''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> ''The window opens to the garden and field,''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> ''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2597 2012-04-19T04:10:37Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden. Therefore, these poems are often grouped together because they are all poems about nature.<br /> <br /> Many of these poems were inspired by the Shanshui painting style. Some landscape and pastoral poems were written for particular art works while others are original textual arts.<br /> <br /> === 《Visiting an Old Friend in His Farmhouse》– Meng Haoran ===<br /> <br /> ''An old friend prepared a meal of chicken and rice,�''<br /> <br /> ''And invited me to join him at his farmhouse.�''<br /> <br /> ''The village is surrounded by green trees,''<br /> <br /> �''And the pale blue of outlying mountains.''<br /> <br /> �''The window opens to the garden and field,�''<br /> <br /> ''While holding wine in our hands, we talked of mulberry and hemp.''<br /> <br /> �''We are looking forward to the Autumn Festival,''<br /> <br /> ''When I will return to visit the chrysanthemum bloom.''<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2583 2012-04-19T03:11:25Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> ''Shan'' (山) means mountain, ''shui'' (水) means water, ''tian'' (田) means field, and ''yuan'' (园) means garden.<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic.&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2578 2012-04-19T03:07:21Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems (&quot;The Epic&quot;).<br /> <br /> A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;The Epic&quot; Sandra Effinger -- MsEffie's LifeSavers for English Teachers. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://homepage.mac.com/mseffie/assignments/beowulf/epic.html&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2577 2012-04-19T03:03:59Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> An epic poem is a narrative poem that describes a significant historical event. Usually, an epic poem is centered on a heroic deed that is related to the belief and culture of a particular society. Epic poems are generally quite long relative to regular narrative poems. (A non-Chinese example of an epic poem is &quot;Beowulf.&quot;)<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2566 2012-04-19T02:53:27Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (&quot;Narrative&quot;).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2564 2012-04-19T02:52:52Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc (Narrative).<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2563 2012-04-19T02:52:02Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc.<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> = References = <br /> <br /> &quot;Narrative Poetry.&quot; Pflugerville Independent School District. Web. 01 Feb 2012. &lt;http://www.pflugervilleisd.net/curriculum/ela/grade9/documents/Narrative_Poetry_Lesson.pdf&gt;</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2562 2012-04-19T02:46:33Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> A narrative poem that tells a series of event or a story - something that has a plot. It contains characters, setting, and conflict. A narrative poem differs from a story in that the poem uses devices such as compact language, rhyme, etc.<br /> <br /> === 《Thoughts on a Still Night》– Li Bai ===<br /> <br /> ''Before my bed, the moon is shining bright,''<br /> <br /> ''I think that it is frost upon the ground.''<br /> <br /> ''I raise my head and look at the bright moon,''<br /> <br /> ''I lower my head and think of home.''<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Poetry_Genres&diff=2556 2012-04-19T01:55:14Z

<p>Wantong: Created page with '= 叙事诗 – Narrative = == 咏史诗 – Epic == = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral = = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress = = 抒情诗 – Lyric = == 咏物诗 …'</p> <hr /> <div>= 叙事诗 – Narrative =<br /> <br /> == 咏史诗 – Epic ==<br /> <br /> = 山水田园诗 – Landscape and pastoral =<br /> <br /> = 边塞诗 – Frontier fortress =<br /> <br /> = 抒情诗 – Lyric =<br /> <br /> == 咏物诗 ==<br /> <br /> = 送别诗 – Send-off =<br /> <br /> = 悼亡诗 – Memorial =<br /> <br /> = 讽喻诗 – Satirical =</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2533 2012-04-19T01:12:50Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''The wiki will be graded on W 4/18/2012 11:59 p.m. Please make sure that all articles are up. [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * [[The development of oral literature forms]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 13:48, 18 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-5.pptx]<br /> <br /> == Xia Dynasty ==<br /> Mythical dynasty before the invention of script.<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script - Oracle Bones (turtle shells, scapula - cow shoulder blades)<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == 16 Kingdoms and 6 Dynasties ==<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Du Fu]] (712 - 770) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties Liao (Khitan), the Jin (Jurchen) and the Yuan (Mongols) =<br /> == Yuan ==<br /> * Yuan Literature I -- Arnold<br /> * Yuan Literature II -- Wantong D<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * Literary Societies -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature I - Rise of books -- Delon L<br /> * Ming literature, eight-legged essay -- Wantong D<br /> * [[The predecessors of newspapers]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 21:55, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-4.pptx]<br /> * Novel 'Plum in a Golden Vase / The Golden Lotus' -- Licia K<br /> * [[Novel 'Journey to the West']] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:17, 18 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Novel 'Water Margin']] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:04, 15 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * Feng Menglong, the first commercially successful writer -- Wantong D<br /> <br /> = Preview: Qing (Manchu)-Dynasty =<br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> <br /> = Timeless Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne?]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 22:13, 15 April 2012 (UTC) [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/File:CHIN_LIT_-2.pptx]<br /> * [[Poetry Genres]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Classical_Chinese_Literature&diff=2220 2012-04-04T19:51:59Z

<p>Wantong: </p> <hr /> <div>[https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/index.php/uvu:Community_Portal Click here to learn how to use this Wiki.] [[User:Root|Root]] 11:42, 10 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Announcements =<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''Good news! Powerpoint files can now be uploaded directly using [[Special:Upload]]'''&lt;/span&gt;<br /> <br /> = Beginnings =<br /> * The development of oral literature forms -- Alexis Sagen<br /> <br /> == Shang Dynasty ==<br /> * The emergence of script- Oracle Bones<br /> * The emergence of Written Literature (1200 BC)<br /> <br /> == Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period ==<br /> * [[Confucius]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 05:36, 6 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Mencius]] -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489162/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[The 5 Canonized Classics]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 04:35, 20 January 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Tao Yuanming - Manuscript Culture]] -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 23:06, 4 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> == Han Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Cai Yong]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489270/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Songs from India]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> <br /> <br /> = The Golden Age =<br /> == Tang Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Du Fu]] [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/d/da/Du_Fu_%28wiki%29.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 20:18, 2 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Li Bai]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:ArnoldQ|ArnoldQ]] 22:30, 1 March 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> == Song Dynasty ==<br /> * [[Ouyang Xiu]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 06:44, 28 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> * [[Su Shi (Su Dongpo)]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 17:48, 27 February 2012 (UTC) <br /> <br /> <br /> = The Foreign Dynasties =<br /> == The Liao, the Jin and the Yuan ==<br /> <br /> = Ming Dynasty =<br /> * The predecessors of newspapers -- Alexis Sagen<br /> <br /> <br /> = Additional Presentations =<br /> <br /> * [[Canonization of Chinese Literature in the East and West]] -- ''Mid Term Paper'' -- [[User:Delon Lier|Delon Lier]] <br /> * [[Middlebrow Literature]] [https://learn-uvu.uen.org/courses/98968/files/10489082/download?wrap=1 Powerpoint presentation]<br /> * [[Writing with your own blood]] -- [[User:Alexis Sagen|Alexis Sagen]] 03:43, 8 February 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Examples of authors unknown in their lifetime, but famous after their death]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * [[Saying A and meaning B - Several examples of double layer literature]] -- [[User:Licia K|Licia K]] 02:32, 4 April 2012 (UTC)<br /> * Which emperor had killed close relatives to ascend the throne? -- Alexis Sagen<br /> * Scholarship: Who coined the most important terms for classical Chinese literature? -- Arnold Q<br /> * Poetry Genres [https://wiki.vm.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/uvu/images/4/43/Poetry_Genres.pptx Powerpoint presentation] -- [[User:Wantong|Wantong]] 19:46, 4 April 2012 (UTC)</div>

Wantong