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User:Xiao Feiyan

2024-12-30T12:29:16Z

Xiao Feiyan:

I am a graduate student pursuing an MTI degree at Hunan Normal University, an institution with a rich academic history and a strong commitment to educational excellence. My program encompasses a variety of courses, including advanced translation skills, translation techniques, translation studies, and specialized translation subjects. These courses are designed to refine our language proficiency and enhance our practical abilities in the field of translation and interpretation. The curriculum also emphasizes real-world application, with opportunities for internships and collaborative projects that prepare us for the professional market.

==Nov 07, 2024==
I talked with Mira about education.

==Nov 08, 2024==
I translated a material.

==Nov 09, 2024==
I asked some questions related to translation studies with Mira.

==Nov 10, 2024==
I talked with Mira about daily life.

==Nov 11, 2024==
I did nothing today.

==Nov 12, 2024==
I asked about the ways about presentation with Mira.

==Nov 13, 2024==
I talked with Mira about friendship.

==Nov 14, 2024==
I talked with Mira about AI.

==Nov 15, 2024==
I asked for a debate on AI with Mira.

==Nov 16, 2024==
I did nothing today.

==Nov 17, 2024==
I talked with Mira about daily life.

==Nov 18, 2024==
I talked with Mira about the development of translation.

==Nov 19, 2024==
I asked Mira to rectify my translation.

==Nov 20, 2024==
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==Nov 21, 2024==
I talked with Mira about oral English.

==Nov 22, 2024==
I talked with Mira about tests.

==Nov 23, 2024==
I talked with Mira about finding the intern.

==Nov 24, 2024==
I translated a material.

==Nov 25, 2024==
I polished my translation.

==Nov 26, 2024==
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==Nov 27, 2024==
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==Nov 28, 2024==
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==Nov 29, 2024==
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==Nov 30, 2024==
I asked for tips of interviews from Mira.

==Dec 1, 2024==
I talked with Mira about job options.

==Dec 2, 2024==
I talked with Mira about hobbies.

==Dec 3, 2024==
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==Dec 4, 2024==
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==Dec 5, 2024==
I translated a material.

==Dec 6, 2024==
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==Dec 7, 2024==
I did nothing today.

==Dec 8, 2024==
I translated a material.

==Dec 9, 2024==
I talked with Mira about kinship.

==Dec 10, 2024==
I talked with Mira about daily life.

==Dec 11, 2024==
I polished a translation material.

==Dec 12, 2024==
I talked with Mira about opportunity.

==Dec 13, 2024==
I talked with Mira about gender equality.

==Dec 14, 2024==
I talked with Mira about recent news.

==Dec 15, 2024==
I did nothing today.

==Dec 16, 2024==
I talked with Mira about the present status about work.

==Dec 17, 2024==
I translated a material.

==Dec 18, 2024==
I talked with Mira about tips about improving work efficiency.

==Dec 19, 2024==
I talked with Mira about daily life.

==Final Paper==

Ronghua-Velvet Flower
Xiao Feiyan

Abstract: Velvet Flower, with a history of more than 1,000 years, is a traditional Chinese handicraft made of silk, originated in the Tang Dynasty. The craft of it includes many processes such as splitting, brushing and hooking, which requires a high degree of skill and patience. It is not only decoration, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture, as well as one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society. As a cultural symbol, it shows the artisan's love of life and nature, and contains the pursuit of beauty and the expression of feelings. It is an important part of the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation.

Introduction
Velvet Flower is a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, court flower, auspicious flower. It is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, with the meaning of good luck and blessings.(Dong Jing, 2017) It’s originated in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,000 years. It first appeared as a tribute to the court, and then was widely spread among the folk during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Its traditional production is divided into two schools: the Southern School and the Northern School. The southern school is represented by Nanjing, whose Velvet Flower is exquisite in shape and various in colors, full of the sense of southern elegance and delicacy. The northern school, represented by Beijing, is simple in shape and colourful. (Ge Mengjia, Liu Dawei, 2024:2)
With the development of modern society, the art of its production has been facing the challenge of inheritance. In 2007, Nanjing Velvet Flower was named intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, and in 2009, Beijing Velvet Flower was selected in a municipal intangible heritage list. The online development trend of it is reflected in its promotion and marketing through new media platforms and its deep integration with the lifestyle of modern society. As an intangible cultural heritage, the protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society.

Velvet Flowers
Click[https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/9358d109b3de9c82d1587e3bb0d3970a19d8bc3ee57e?x-bce-process=image/format,f_auto/watermark,image_d2F0ZXIvYmFpa2UyNzI,g_7,xp_5,yp_5,P_20/resize,m_lfit,limit_1,h_1080] for original source.

Craft Procedure
Velvet Flower craft, the production process of this traditional Chinese handicraft, is a complex and delicate art. The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking. It uses silk as the main material, and firstly undergoes the step of boiling in alkaline water to form soft and firm cooked velvet, when controlling the time and fire to prevent the silk from rotting too much is particularly critical. The cooked velvet is then dyed according to the colour of the desired velvet flower and dried on bamboo poles, which are constantly turned to ensure uniformity of colour. The dyed silk is split, lined up and combined with brass wire, which is brushed flat and evenly to form a velvet band. After special treatment, the brass wire is twisted with the velvet tape to form a spiral velvet strip, which is the basic component of the velvet flower. The velvet strips are processed into various shapes through ironing, pointing and other steps, and finally, through the process of shaping, i.e., using tweezers to shape the velvet strips that have been pointed and combining them, and supplemented with materials such as lead wire, leather paper, beads, etc., combining the velvet strips with beads, gold and silver and other materials, called ‘sticking the flowers’, to produce the finished products of the velvet flowers. The production process not only requires craftsmen to have superior skills and infinite patience, but also reflects the ultimate pursuit of details in every step, making Velvet Flower not only decorative, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture. The Velvet Flower embody the spirit of ‘skill to carry the way’, and the ‘fineness’ and ‘precision’ of the craftsmanship through the core of its production spirit. (Zhou Shang, 2017:42)

Historical Development
Velvet Flowers are traditional Chinese handicrafts with a long history and rich cultural connotations. The following is a brief overview of the historical development of it:
Origin and Early Development
The history of Velvet Flowers can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, and is said to have begun as a tribute to the court of the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was already present in the court life and was called ‘palace flowers’. Its name means ‘glory and splendour’, implying richness and good luck, always blooming, is a representative of the rich culture.
Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of Velvet Flowers was in boom. The court established ‘Jiangning Weaving Bureau’ to weave the silk fabrics needed by the court, including the Velvet Flowers. The production of Nanjing Velvet Flower crafts was at a considerable scale as early as the Ming and Qing dynasties. For its peak period ruled by Kangxi and Qianlong, two emperors during the Qing dynasties, businessmen from Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan provinces and other places often went to Nanjing province to purchase the Velvet Flower.
Prosperity in the Republic of China
During the Republic of China, the Velvet Flower industry continued to prosper. At the south of the Nanjing city, there were a lot of Velvet Flower shops, which formed as the ‘Flower Market Street’, ‘Velvet Flower Street’ and other streets. Yangzhou also had the Wanzi Street as the center for the production and sales of Velvet Flower. During this period, the Velvet Flower industry benefited from the development of Nanjing Yunjin industry, which produced a large amount of silk scraps, providing sufficient raw materials for the production of the Velvet Flower.
Changes after the founding of New China
After the founding of New China, the Velvet Flower industry experienced ups and downs. In order to speed up the recovery of the handicraft industry, the government helped set up co-operatives, including the Craft Velvet Gift Flower Co-operative, so the Velvet Flower industry was able to make a comeback, and was warmly received and highly praised in the Nanjing Arts and Crafts Exhibition at that time. (Yang Zhihong, Yang Yongmei, 2024:91) There was a great breakthrough in its style and technology, and a large number of exquisite handicrafts were produced and exported overseas. However, around the 1990s, as the crafts of the Velvet Flower lacked innovation and remained at the level of traditional skills in the past, the market demand dwindled, and its productive conservation was difficult to achieve. (Chen Yuyuan, 2019: 34)
Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage
In recent years, with the increasing awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection, the Velvet Flowers have been rated as intangible cultural heritage and have received much attention again. Nanjing Velvet Flower was listed as provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2007, which has received extensive attention from society and scholars.
To sum up, the historical development of Velvet Flower has gone through the process from palace tribute to the popular decoration among the folk, and then to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in modern times. It is not only a representative of traditional Chinese handicrafts, but also an important part of traditional Chinese culture.

Symbolic significance
Velvet Flower was initially used only in the court and later spread to the folk. Compared with the initial meaning of high position and great wealth, the folk give it more new meaning and wishes. The modelling and content are also more use of folk auspicious themes, to express the meaning of auspicious blessings, in order to pray for good luck, to ward off evil spirits. In the wedding ceremony, Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk generally have the custom of decorating with it. Each Velvet Flower is different, showing the beauty of different colours. Velvet Flowers are all handmade by craftsmen through a series of complicated procedures, and the exquisite beauty of Velvet Flower can be reflected in the details. (Chen Huiyan, 2020: 163)
As a traditional handicraft, Velvet Flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonies and daily life, as an important way of cultural inheritance. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of feelings, and shows craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times.

Terms and Expressions
velvet flower 绒花
velvet bird绒鸟
court flower宫花
auspicious flower喜花
skill to carry the way技以载道
Jiangning Weaving Bureau江宁织造府

Questions
(1)What is Velvet Flower?
(2)What steps does the production procedure of Velvet Flower include?
(3)What is the significance of Velvet Flower?
Answers
(1) Velvet flower, a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, palace flower, auspicious flower, is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, has the meaning of good luck and blessings.
(2)The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking.
(3)As a traditional handicraft, Velvet flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonial occasions and daily life, as an important way of cultural transmission. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of emotions, and show craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times.

References
[1]Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2
[2]Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42.
[3]Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017.
[4]Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91
[5]Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34.
[6]Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

AI statement
I used AI chatbot to edit the paper in Chinese first and then translated it into the English version. So for the AI statement, the following English statement is translated from the prompts written by Chinese.

To help me write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: Kimi
I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompts:
You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you are required to write an academic paper on the Velvet Flower. The main framework of the paper will be divided into introduction, production process, historical development and significance. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which introduces the Velvet Flower in a concise and precise manner, about 400 words on the production process, about 1,000 words on the historical development, and about 300 words on its value and significance. It is required to be logical and clear, with well-founded arguments, and in line with academic norms.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，论文的主要框架会分为简介、制作流程、历史发展和绒花的意义，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，简洁、精确地介绍绒花，400字左右讲述制作流程，1000字左右讲述历史发展，300字左右讲述其价值和意义。要求逻辑清晰，论点有据，符合学术规范。）

I found the following problems with the outcome:
1.The production process and historical development parts were very clear and concise, but the contents of the introduction and significance parts touched upon the information with the production and historical development, which I only expected a short and concise part to play their introduction and conclusion of the significance role. 2. the references were not really good enough to support the content.

I have adjusted the output by the following measures:
1. About the content, I sent their separate prompt to obtain every part one by one, the revised prompts are as follows:
You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you need to write an academic paper on the velvet flower. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which should be a concise and precise introduction of what the velvet flower is, the discussion and attention of the network on it, and its being listed as the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，要求简洁、精确地介绍绒花是什么，绒花的网络发展态势以及它作被列入非物质文化遗产的情况。）

Very good. Now please tell us about the process of velvet flower craft in about 400 words, which should be logical and in line with academic style.
（非常好。现在请用400字左右的篇幅讲述绒花工艺的工艺流程，要求逻辑清晰，符合学术风格。）

You are now an expert in Chinese cultural studies and now you need to write a research paper on the velvet flower, please briefly summarize the significance of it in about 1,000 words.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，现在需要写一篇关于绒花的研究报告，请用一千字左右简要概述绒花的意义。）

Right. Please now tell us about the significance of velvet flower in about 300 words, in line with academic style and presented objectively.
This is presented here as the final paragraph of the paper, so please do not summarize it in points, but make it into one paragraph of about 300 words in length.
（好的。请现在用300字左右讲述绒花的意义，符合学术风格，客观表述。
请不要对绒花作简介，而是对绒花的价值和意义作概况。
这里是作为论文最后一段，所以请不用分点概括，而是将其融合成一个段落，篇幅300字左右。）

As an academic research expert, please read the following paper and write an abstract of about 250 words in Chinese for it, which is required to be concise, precise and in line with academic norms.
（作为学术研究专家，请阅读以下论文，为其撰写一份250字左右的中文摘要，要求简洁、精确，符合学术规范。）

2.About the references problem, I manually corrected the information about the year of 2007 when the Velvet Flower was listed as intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, not the 2006 mentioned by AI.
Also, all the references as well as the illustration are manually searched and used in the paper as those used by AI not really in line with academic standards.
references :
Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2
Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42.
Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017.
Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91
Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34.
Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

绒花
摘要：绒花，一种以蚕丝为原料的中国传统手工艺品，起源于唐朝，具有超过千年的历史。绒花工艺包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条等多个精细工序，要求极高的技艺和耐心。绒花不仅是装饰，更是承载中国传统文化的艺术品，也是非物质文化遗产。绒花的保护和传承得到政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。绒花作为文化符号，展现了工匠对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达，是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。
简介
绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。（董静，2017）它起源于唐朝，距今已有超过千年的历史，最初作为宫廷贡品出现，后在明清时期广泛流传于民间。传统绒花制作分为南派和北派两个流派。南派绒花以南京为代表，其绒花造型精致，色彩柔和而丰富，充满了南方婉约细腻之感。北派绒花以北京为代表，其造型简洁，配色艳丽，显得古朴大方。（葛梦嘉,刘大玮，2024:2）随着现代社会的发展，绒花的制作技艺面临着传承的挑战，但在2007年，南京绒花被评为江苏省非物质文化遗产，2009年北京绒鸟（绒花）入选市级非遗名录。绒花的网络发展态势体现在其通过新媒体平台的推广和营销，以及与现代社会生活方式的深度融合。绒花作为非物质文化遗产，其保护和传承工作得到了政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。
工艺流程
绒花工艺，是一项中国传统手工艺品的制作工艺，包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等工序。它以蚕丝为主要原料，首先要经过碱水煮熟的步骤，形成柔软结实的熟绒，这时需要控制好时间和火候，防止蚕丝过烂。然后，根据所需的绒花颜色对熟绒进行染色，并在竹竿上晾干，为确保颜色均匀一致期间需要不断翻动竹竿。染色后的丝绸要劈开、排匀并与黄铜丝线结合在一起，通过刷平、刷匀，形成绒带。经过特殊处理后，铜丝与绒布带缠绕在一起，形成螺旋状的绒布条，这就是绒花的基本组成部分。绒条经过熨烫、打尖等步骤加工成各种形状，最后通过传花工序，即用镊子将打尖后的绒条定型组合，并辅以铅丝、皮纸、料珠等材料，将绒条与珠翠、金银等材料组合，这个过程称为 “贴花”，最终制作出绒花成品。绒花的制作过程不仅需要工匠们拥有高超的技艺和无限的耐心，更体现了每一个环节对细节的极致追求，使得绒花不仅具有装饰性，更是一件承载着中国传统文化的艺术品。南京绒花体现了“技以载道”的精神，制作工艺的“细”与“精”贯穿其制作精神的内核。（周尚，2017:42）
历史发展
绒花是中国的传统手工艺品，具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。以下是关于绒花历史发展的简要概述：
起源与早期发展
绒花的历史可以追溯到唐代，相传始于唐朝的宫廷贡品，距今已有1000多年的历史。唐代末年，绒花已出现于宫廷生活，被称为“宫花”。绒花谐音“荣华”，寓意富贵吉祥、常开不败，是富贵文化的代表。
明清时期的兴盛
到了明清时期，绒花的发展盛极一时。朝廷特设“江宁织造府”织造宫廷所需丝织品，绒花作为其中之一。南京绒花工艺早在明清时代就已具相当规模，康熙、乾隆年间为极盛时期，安徽、江西、湖北、河南等地商人经常到南京采购绒花工艺品。
民国时期的繁荣
民国时期，绒花行业继续繁荣。南京城南一带绒花店铺林立，形成了“花市大街”、“绒庄街”等街道，扬州也有湾子街为绒花制作、销售的中心。这一时期，绒花产业得益于南京云锦行业的发展，产生了大量的蚕丝下脚料，为绒花制作提供了充足的原材料。
新中国成立后的变化
新中国成立后，绒花产业经历了起伏。为加速手工业恢复，政府帮扶成立合作社，其中便有工艺绒礼花合作社，绒花行业得以东山再起，并在当时的“南京工艺美术展”中得到了热烈反响和高度赞扬。（杨志宏,杨咏梅，2024：91）在作品风格、技术上有很大突破，产出了大量精美的工艺品，并远销海外。然而，20世纪90年代前后，手艺缺乏创新，依旧停留在以往传统技艺层面，闭门造车缺乏源源不断的动力，市场需求日渐萎缩，生产性保护难以实现。（陈玉元，2019：34）
非物质文化遗产的保护与传承
近年来，随着非物质文化遗产保护意识的增强，绒花被评为非物质文化遗产，重新受到人们的关注和重视。南京绒花在2007年被列为省级非物质文化遗产，受到社会和学者的广泛关注。绒花的保护与传承工作受到社会的广泛关注。
综上所述，绒花的历史发展经历了从宫廷贡品到民间普及，再到现代的非物质文化遗产保护的过程。它不仅是中国传统手工艺的代表，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
绒花的意义
绒花最初只在宫中使用，到后来才流传至民间。相比于最初绒花的“绒花富贵”之意，百姓们赋予绒花更多的新意和祝愿，绒花的造型与内容也多选用民间祥瑞题材，表达吉祥祝福之意，借以祈福、辟邪。每逢婚嫁喜事、春节、端午节和中秋节，民间普遍有用绒花装饰的习俗。每一朵绒花都不尽相同，展现出不同颜色搭配或碰撞的色彩美。绒花都是由手艺人们纯手工制作，经过一系列繁复的工序流程，耗费心血、倾注感情制作而成，从细节处便能体现出绒花的精致之美。（陈慧燕，2020：163）
绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

问题
1.什么是绒花？
2.绒花制作工序有哪些步骤？
3.绒花有什么意义？
答案
1.绒花绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。
2.绒花工艺制作过程包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等。
3.绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

参考文献
[1]葛梦嘉,刘大玮.绒花传统制作技艺及传承现状[J].化纤与纺织技术,2024,53(04)：2
[2]周尚.南京绒花的装饰设计及文化内涵研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2017:42
[3]董静.绒花[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2017.
[4]杨志宏,杨咏梅,田宁.文旅融合视域下南京绒花创意转化研究[J].新楚文化,2024(04)：91
[5]陈玉元.乡村振兴视域下南京绒花的传承和发展研究[J].乡村科技,2019(25):34.
[6]陈慧燕.浅谈南京非遗绒花中的美学价值[J]汉字文化,2020(S1):163.

User:Xiao Feiyan

2024-12-30T12:24:45Z

Xiao Feiyan:

I am a graduate student pursuing an MTI degree at Hunan Normal University, an institution with a rich academic history and a strong commitment to educational excellence. My program encompasses a variety of courses, including advanced translation skills, translation techniques, translation studies, and specialized translation subjects. These courses are designed to refine our language proficiency and enhance our practical abilities in the field of translation and interpretation. The curriculum also emphasizes real-world application, with opportunities for internships and collaborative projects that prepare us for the professional market.

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Ronghua-Velvet Flower
Xiao Feiyan
Abstract: Velvet Flower, with a history of more than 1,000 years, is a traditional Chinese handicraft made of silk, originated in the Tang Dynasty. The craft of it includes many processes such as splitting, brushing and hooking, which requires a high degree of skill and patience. It is not only decoration, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture, as well as one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society. As a cultural symbol, it shows the artisan's love of life and nature, and contains the pursuit of beauty and the expression of feelings. It is an important part of the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation.
Introduction
Velvet Flower is a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, court flower, auspicious flower. It is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, with the meaning of good luck and blessings.(Dong Jing, 2017) It’s originated in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,000 years. It first appeared as a tribute to the court, and then was widely spread among the folk during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Its traditional production is divided into two schools: the Southern School and the Northern School. The southern school is represented by Nanjing, whose Velvet Flower is exquisite in shape and various in colors, full of the sense of southern elegance and delicacy. The northern school, represented by Beijing, is simple in shape and colourful. (Ge Mengjia, Liu Dawei, 2024:2)
With the development of modern society, the art of its production has been facing the challenge of inheritance. In 2007, Nanjing Velvet Flower was named intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, and in 2009, Beijing Velvet Flower was selected in a municipal intangible heritage list. The online development trend of it is reflected in its promotion and marketing through new media platforms and its deep integration with the lifestyle of modern society. As an intangible cultural heritage, the protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society.

Velvet Flowers
Click[https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/9358d109b3de9c82d1587e3bb0d3970a19d8bc3ee57e?x-bce-process=image/format,f_auto/watermark,image_d2F0ZXIvYmFpa2UyNzI,g_7,xp_5,yp_5,P_20/resize,m_lfit,limit_1,h_1080] for original source.

Craft Procedure
Velvet Flower craft, the production process of this traditional Chinese handicraft, is a complex and delicate art. The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking. It uses silk as the main material, and firstly undergoes the step of boiling in alkaline water to form soft and firm cooked velvet, when controlling the time and fire to prevent the silk from rotting too much is particularly critical. The cooked velvet is then dyed according to the colour of the desired velvet flower and dried on bamboo poles, which are constantly turned to ensure uniformity of colour. The dyed silk is split, lined up and combined with brass wire, which is brushed flat and evenly to form a velvet band. After special treatment, the brass wire is twisted with the velvet tape to form a spiral velvet strip, which is the basic component of the velvet flower. The velvet strips are processed into various shapes through ironing, pointing and other steps, and finally, through the process of shaping, i.e., using tweezers to shape the velvet strips that have been pointed and combining them, and supplemented with materials such as lead wire, leather paper, beads, etc., combining the velvet strips with beads, gold and silver and other materials, called ‘sticking the flowers’, to produce the finished products of the velvet flowers. The production process not only requires craftsmen to have superior skills and infinite patience, but also reflects the ultimate pursuit of details in every step, making Velvet Flower not only decorative, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture. The Velvet Flower embody the spirit of ‘skill to carry the way’, and the ‘fineness’ and ‘precision’ of the craftsmanship through the core of its production spirit. (Zhou Shang, 2017:42)
Historical Development
Velvet Flowers are traditional Chinese handicrafts with a long history and rich cultural connotations. The following is a brief overview of the historical development of it:
Origin and Early Development
The history of Velvet Flowers can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, and is said to have begun as a tribute to the court of the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was already present in the court life and was called ‘palace flowers’. Its name means ‘glory and splendour’, implying richness and good luck, always blooming, is a representative of the rich culture.
Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of Velvet Flowers was in boom. The court established ‘Jiangning Weaving Bureau’ to weave the silk fabrics needed by the court, including the Velvet Flowers. The production of Nanjing Velvet Flower crafts was at a considerable scale as early as the Ming and Qing dynasties. For its peak period ruled by Kangxi and Qianlong, two emperors during the Qing dynasties, businessmen from Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan provinces and other places often went to Nanjing province to purchase the Velvet Flower.
Prosperity in the Republic of China
During the Republic of China, the Velvet Flower industry continued to prosper. At the south of the Nanjing city, there were a lot of Velvet Flower shops, which formed as the ‘Flower Market Street’, ‘Velvet Flower Street’ and other streets. Yangzhou also had the Wanzi Street as the center for the production and sales of Velvet Flower. During this period, the Velvet Flower industry benefited from the development of Nanjing Yunjin industry, which produced a large amount of silk scraps, providing sufficient raw materials for the production of the Velvet Flower.
Changes after the founding of New China
After the founding of New China, the Velvet Flower industry experienced ups and downs. In order to speed up the recovery of the handicraft industry, the government helped set up co-operatives, including the Craft Velvet Gift Flower Co-operative, so the Velvet Flower industry was able to make a comeback, and was warmly received and highly praised in the Nanjing Arts and Crafts Exhibition at that time. (Yang Zhihong, Yang Yongmei, 2024:91) There was a great breakthrough in its style and technology, and a large number of exquisite handicrafts were produced and exported overseas. However, around the 1990s, as the crafts of the Velvet Flower lacked innovation and remained at the level of traditional skills in the past, the market demand dwindled, and its productive conservation was difficult to achieve. (Chen Yuyuan, 2019: 34)
Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage
In recent years, with the increasing awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection, the Velvet Flowers have been rated as intangible cultural heritage and have received much attention again. Nanjing Velvet Flower was listed as provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2007, which has received extensive attention from society and scholars.
To sum up, the historical development of Velvet Flower has gone through the process from palace tribute to the popular decoration among the folk, and then to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in modern times. It is not only a representative of traditional Chinese handicrafts, but also an important part of traditional Chinese culture.
Symbolic significance
Velvet Flower was initially used only in the court and later spread to the folk. Compared with the initial meaning of high position and great wealth, the folk give it more new meaning and wishes. The modelling and content are also more use of folk auspicious themes, to express the meaning of auspicious blessings, in order to pray for good luck, to ward off evil spirits. In the wedding ceremony, Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk generally have the custom of decorating with it. Each Velvet Flower is different, showing the beauty of different colours. Velvet Flowers are all handmade by craftsmen through a series of complicated procedures, and the exquisite beauty of Velvet Flower can be reflected in the details. (Chen Huiyan, 2020: 163)
As a traditional handicraft, Velvet Flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonies and daily life, as an important way of cultural inheritance. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of feelings, and shows craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times.

Terms and Expressions
velvet flower 绒花
velvet bird绒鸟
court flower宫花
auspicious flower喜花
skill to carry the way技以载道
Jiangning Weaving Bureau江宁织造府

Questions
(1)What is Velvet Flower?
(2)What steps does the production procedure of Velvet Flower include?
(3)What is the significance of Velvet Flower?
Answers
(1) Velvet flower, a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, palace flower, auspicious flower, is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, has the meaning of good luck and blessings.
(2)The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking.
(3)As a traditional handicraft, Velvet flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonial occasions and daily life, as an important way of cultural transmission. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of emotions, and show craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times.

References
[1]Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2
[2]Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42.
[3]Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017.
[4]Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91
[5]Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34.
[6]Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

AI statement
I used AI chatbot to edit the paper in Chinese first and then translated it into the English version. So for the AI statement, the following English statement is translated from the prompts written by Chinese.

To help me write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: Kimi
I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompts:
You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you are required to write an academic paper on the Velvet Flower. The main framework of the paper will be divided into introduction, production process, historical development and significance. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which introduces the Velvet Flower in a concise and precise manner, about 400 words on the production process, about 1,000 words on the historical development, and about 300 words on its value and significance. It is required to be logical and clear, with well-founded arguments, and in line with academic norms.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，论文的主要框架会分为简介、制作流程、历史发展和绒花的意义，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，简洁、精确地介绍绒花，400字左右讲述制作流程，1000字左右讲述历史发展，300字左右讲述其价值和意义。要求逻辑清晰，论点有据，符合学术规范。）

I found the following problems with the outcome:
1.The production process and historical development parts were very clear and concise, but the contents of the introduction and significance parts touched upon the information with the production and historical development, which I only expected a short and concise part to play their introduction and conclusion of the significance role. 2. the references were not really good enough to support the content.

I have adjusted the output by the following measures:
1. About the content, I sent their separate prompt to obtain every part one by one, the revised prompts are as follows:
You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you need to write an academic paper on the velvet flower. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which should be a concise and precise introduction of what the velvet flower is, the discussion and attention of the network on it, and its being listed as the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，要求简洁、精确地介绍绒花是什么，绒花的网络发展态势以及它作被列入非物质文化遗产的情况。）

Very good. Now please tell us about the process of velvet flower craft in about 400 words, which should be logical and in line with academic style.
（非常好。现在请用400字左右的篇幅讲述绒花工艺的工艺流程，要求逻辑清晰，符合学术风格。）

You are now an expert in Chinese cultural studies and now you need to write a research paper on the velvet flower, please briefly summarize the significance of it in about 1,000 words.
（你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，现在需要写一篇关于绒花的研究报告，请用一千字左右简要概述绒花的意义。）

Right. Please now tell us about the significance of velvet flower in about 300 words, in line with academic style and presented objectively.
This is presented here as the final paragraph of the paper, so please do not summarize it in points, but make it into one paragraph of about 300 words in length.
（好的。请现在用300字左右讲述绒花的意义，符合学术风格，客观表述。
请不要对绒花作简介，而是对绒花的价值和意义作概况。
这里是作为论文最后一段，所以请不用分点概括，而是将其融合成一个段落，篇幅300字左右。）

As an academic research expert, please read the following paper and write an abstract of about 250 words in Chinese for it, which is required to be concise, precise and in line with academic norms.
（作为学术研究专家，请阅读以下论文，为其撰写一份250字左右的中文摘要，要求简洁、精确，符合学术规范。）

2.About the references problem, I manually corrected the information about the year of 2007 when the Velvet Flower was listed as intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, not the 2006 mentioned by AI.
Also, all the references as well as the illustration are manually searched and used in the paper as those used by AI not really in line with academic standards.
references :
Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2
Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42.
Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017.
Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91
Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34.
Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

绒花
摘要：绒花，一种以蚕丝为原料的中国传统手工艺品，起源于唐朝，具有超过千年的历史。绒花工艺包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条等多个精细工序，要求极高的技艺和耐心。绒花不仅是装饰，更是承载中国传统文化的艺术品，也是非物质文化遗产。绒花的保护和传承得到政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。绒花作为文化符号，展现了工匠对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达，是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。
简介
绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。（董静，2017）它起源于唐朝，距今已有超过千年的历史，最初作为宫廷贡品出现，后在明清时期广泛流传于民间。传统绒花制作分为南派和北派两个流派。南派绒花以南京为代表，其绒花造型精致，色彩柔和而丰富，充满了南方婉约细腻之感。北派绒花以北京为代表，其造型简洁，配色艳丽，显得古朴大方。（葛梦嘉,刘大玮，2024:2）随着现代社会的发展，绒花的制作技艺面临着传承的挑战，但在2007年，南京绒花被评为江苏省非物质文化遗产，2009年北京绒鸟（绒花）入选市级非遗名录。绒花的网络发展态势体现在其通过新媒体平台的推广和营销，以及与现代社会生活方式的深度融合。绒花作为非物质文化遗产，其保护和传承工作得到了政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。
工艺流程
绒花工艺，是一项中国传统手工艺品的制作工艺，包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等工序。它以蚕丝为主要原料，首先要经过碱水煮熟的步骤，形成柔软结实的熟绒，这时需要控制好时间和火候，防止蚕丝过烂。然后，根据所需的绒花颜色对熟绒进行染色，并在竹竿上晾干，为确保颜色均匀一致期间需要不断翻动竹竿。染色后的丝绸要劈开、排匀并与黄铜丝线结合在一起，通过刷平、刷匀，形成绒带。经过特殊处理后，铜丝与绒布带缠绕在一起，形成螺旋状的绒布条，这就是绒花的基本组成部分。绒条经过熨烫、打尖等步骤加工成各种形状，最后通过传花工序，即用镊子将打尖后的绒条定型组合，并辅以铅丝、皮纸、料珠等材料，将绒条与珠翠、金银等材料组合，这个过程称为 “贴花”，最终制作出绒花成品。绒花的制作过程不仅需要工匠们拥有高超的技艺和无限的耐心，更体现了每一个环节对细节的极致追求，使得绒花不仅具有装饰性，更是一件承载着中国传统文化的艺术品。南京绒花体现了“技以载道”的精神，制作工艺的“细”与“精”贯穿其制作精神的内核。（周尚，2017:42）
历史发展
绒花是中国的传统手工艺品，具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。以下是关于绒花历史发展的简要概述：
起源与早期发展
绒花的历史可以追溯到唐代，相传始于唐朝的宫廷贡品，距今已有1000多年的历史。唐代末年，绒花已出现于宫廷生活，被称为“宫花”。绒花谐音“荣华”，寓意富贵吉祥、常开不败，是富贵文化的代表。
明清时期的兴盛
到了明清时期，绒花的发展盛极一时。朝廷特设“江宁织造府”织造宫廷所需丝织品，绒花作为其中之一。南京绒花工艺早在明清时代就已具相当规模，康熙、乾隆年间为极盛时期，安徽、江西、湖北、河南等地商人经常到南京采购绒花工艺品。
民国时期的繁荣
民国时期，绒花行业继续繁荣。南京城南一带绒花店铺林立，形成了“花市大街”、“绒庄街”等街道，扬州也有湾子街为绒花制作、销售的中心。这一时期，绒花产业得益于南京云锦行业的发展，产生了大量的蚕丝下脚料，为绒花制作提供了充足的原材料。
新中国成立后的变化
新中国成立后，绒花产业经历了起伏。为加速手工业恢复，政府帮扶成立合作社，其中便有工艺绒礼花合作社，绒花行业得以东山再起，并在当时的“南京工艺美术展”中得到了热烈反响和高度赞扬。（杨志宏,杨咏梅，2024：91）在作品风格、技术上有很大突破，产出了大量精美的工艺品，并远销海外。然而，20世纪90年代前后，手艺缺乏创新，依旧停留在以往传统技艺层面，闭门造车缺乏源源不断的动力，市场需求日渐萎缩，生产性保护难以实现。（陈玉元，2019：34）
非物质文化遗产的保护与传承
近年来，随着非物质文化遗产保护意识的增强，绒花被评为非物质文化遗产，重新受到人们的关注和重视。南京绒花在2007年被列为省级非物质文化遗产，受到社会和学者的广泛关注。绒花的保护与传承工作受到社会的广泛关注。
综上所述，绒花的历史发展经历了从宫廷贡品到民间普及，再到现代的非物质文化遗产保护的过程。它不仅是中国传统手工艺的代表，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
绒花的意义
绒花最初只在宫中使用，到后来才流传至民间。相比于最初绒花的“绒花富贵”之意，百姓们赋予绒花更多的新意和祝愿，绒花的造型与内容也多选用民间祥瑞题材，表达吉祥祝福之意，借以祈福、辟邪。每逢婚嫁喜事、春节、端午节和中秋节，民间普遍有用绒花装饰的习俗。每一朵绒花都不尽相同，展现出不同颜色搭配或碰撞的色彩美。绒花都是由手艺人们纯手工制作，经过一系列繁复的工序流程，耗费心血、倾注感情制作而成，从细节处便能体现出绒花的精致之美。（陈慧燕，2020：163）
绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

问题
1.什么是绒花？
2.绒花制作工序有哪些步骤？
3.绒花有什么意义？
答案
1.绒花绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。
2.绒花工艺制作过程包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等。
3.绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

参考文献
[1]葛梦嘉,刘大玮.绒花传统制作技艺及传承现状[J].化纤与纺织技术,2024,53(04)：2
[2]周尚.南京绒花的装饰设计及文化内涵研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2017:42
[3]董静.绒花[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2017.
[4]杨志宏,杨咏梅,田宁.文旅融合视域下南京绒花创意转化研究[J].新楚文化,2024(04)：91
[5]陈玉元.乡村振兴视域下南京绒花的传承和发展研究[J].乡村科技,2019(25):34.
[6]陈慧燕.浅谈南京非遗绒花中的美学价值[J]汉字文化,2020(S1):163.

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Chinese Language and Culture 2024

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Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Zhou Xukai
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy
*Yang Lingyue
*Yang Fan
*Liu Peinan
*Peter
*Pan Yilin
*ceci
*Chen Pingan
*Grace
*Huang Mengyan
*Mandy
*Rachel
*Guo Zibin
*Anne
*Xiao Yixuan
*Zeng Xin
*Su Yi
*Zeng Man
*Emily
*Chen Mengzhu
*Chris
*Huang Zechen
*Zachary
*Liu Zhouli
*Kuang Jing
*Jin
*Tang Xinyan
*Estrella
*Peng Yingying
*Becca
*Ma Ruiqing
*Raymond
*Chen Guangzi
*Alan
*Hannah
*Tang Xinyu
*Zhou Ranran
*Shi Zhanning
*Wang Yue
*Hu Zetao
*Zhang Shuai
*Liu Zhehui
*Wang Xudong
*Zhou Jing
*Amy
*Zhang Yange
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211
25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan)

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343
40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason)

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian)

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary)

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500 (Cai Yingchu/ Rachel)

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509
(Zhou Ranran/Jerry)
58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555（Wu Jing/Jennie）

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara) (present first on Oct 10, Session 5)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818(Chen Guangzi/Alan)

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896(Zeng Man/Emily)

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ....................................................................... 917（Chen Pingan/Grace）

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949(Wang Yue/Nora)
(present in the end on Sep 26, Session 4)
105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958(Ma Ruiqing/Raymond)

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004（Chen Kuanshun/Jason）

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130 (Wang Xudong/Hue)

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241 （Shu Lin/Shirleen）

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249（Yu Yi/Memo)

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257(Lv Di/Ludy)

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280Zhang Yange(Mia)

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336(Chen Zilan/Landy)

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376(Peng Yingying/Becca)

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381 (Tang Xinyu/Eric)

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398(Peng Jiayi/Eva)

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404 Chen Shanshan /Rebecca

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick .................................................................. 1414(Chen Mengzhu/Chris)

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Xiao Yixuan/Yuki)

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430(Liu Zhouli/ lovia)

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479(Tang Xinyan/Estrella)

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502(Zhang Rui)

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513(Wang Xuan/Cynthia)

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531（Li Songlin/Solin)

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581（Wang Yan/Doris）

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608(Zhao Siyao/Caroline)

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615 (Su Yi/Suri)

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651(Shi Zhanning/Harper)

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670(Huang Zechen/Zachary)

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691 (Liu Peinan/Peter)

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697(Hu Shanshan/Maddy)

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712（Chen Weiping/Jackie）

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748(Jiao Mengting/Sherry)

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753（Wu Ziyi/Andrew）

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765（Sha Lijia/Reika）

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781（Guo Zibin/Anne）

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795(Liang Dan/Anne)

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806(Le Yuxuan/Lydia)

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827(Yang Hanxu/Hansu)

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836(Zhou Xiaoqiao）
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204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847(Zhou Xukai/Kyrie)

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885 （Hu Zheng/ Leven）

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898 （Gong Tao/Gisele)

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926 (Huang Qi/ Esther)

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935(Zhou Jing/ Amy)

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943 （Li Jia/ Zoe）

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970（He Chuwen/Lyra）

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003(Jiang Yaping/Sunny)

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019(Zhang Shuai / Andy)

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048(Yao Yiyun/Olivia）

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055（Li Ru/Lee）

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071(tao yu/mikansei)

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083(Zhang Mengzhe/Nine)

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 (Liao Wenyao/Rose)

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110（pan yilin/ceci）

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157（Liu Jieyu/Erica）

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192 (Han Yaxuan)

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204(Hu Zetao/Francis)

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213 （Xie Ke）

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221 （Zeng Xin）

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238(Jiang Caiyun/Tony)

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244(Kuang Jing/Jin)

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253(Huang Mengyan/Mandy)

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261(Li Dinghao/Leo)

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270 (Cao Jialong/caron)

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285（Yang Lingyue/Judy）

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294 (Fu Xinke/Finger)

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 23029（Liu Li/Glen）

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312（Xia Rong/Sharon)

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=
Deadline: Sep 15, 2024

1. Sports: Cuju 蹴鞠………(Liu Yi/Zer)

2. Science and Technology: Chinese Electrical Vehicles (Cheng Linjia/Jason)

3. Chinese tradition culture: Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花………(Xiao Feiyan)

=Session 1 Thursday Sep 5, 2024 19:00-21:35=
Please download the powerpoint presentation of the teacher here: [[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_2024.pptx]].

=Session 2 Thursday Sep 12, 2024 19:00-21:35=
During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60 (Cheng Linjia/Jason) [[Media:Handsome_Men_2024.pptx]]

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia) [[Media:Milk_Tea_2024.pptx]]

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193（Yang Fan/Shawn）[[Media:Tea_2024_fall.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Tea_2024.pptx]].)

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198（Liu Zhuofan/Drovan）[[Media:Liquor_2024.pptx]]

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285 (Tang Yuewei/ Eavan) [[Media:Cheongsam_fall_2024.pptx]] (Please compare with old presentation from Spring 2024: [[Media:Cheongsam_2024.pptx]].)

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367（Hannah/Zhou Yicen）[[Media:Official_Selection_System_2024.pptx]]

=Session 3 Thursday Sep 19, 2024 19:00-21:35=

All students: Please prepare these three texts in the textbook for today.

During the three hours today, the students are presenting the following 6 topics:

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up, p. 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda) [[Media:Cosmetics_2024.pptx]]

50. Games: Go 围棋, p. 439 (Peng Yixin/ Eason) [[Media:Go_2024.pptx]]

51. Games: Kite Flying p. 445 （Liu Huixuan/ Polly）[[Media:Kite_2024.pptx]]

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play, p. 452(Zeng Wenjing/Zoey)[[Media:Mahjong_2024.pptx]]

53. Garden Culture: Gardens, p. 480(Jiang Chenmei/Lilian) [[Media:Gardens_2024.pptx]]

55. Garden culture: the Summer Palace, p. 493(Liu Zhehui/Mary) [[Media:Summer_Palace_2024.pptx]]

Homework:

1. Please read the six texts for next time in the textbook.

2. Please add your final exam paper topic and your name in the respective section above.

3. Take the surveys (EU: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, 2024: https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm).

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-05T03:56:28Z

Xiao Feiyan: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
*He Chuwen
*Lyra
*Shu Lin
*Shirleen
*Tang Yuewei
*Eavan
*Jiao Mengting
*Sherry
*Le Yuxuan
*Lydia
*Wu Jiaying
*Cathy
*Jiang Yaping
*Sunny
*Li Jia
*Zoe
*Wang Yujiao
*Wendy
*Fu Xinke
*Finger
*Zeng Wenjing
*Zoey
*Chen Zilan
*Landy

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186 (Peng Lu/Julia)

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393 (Li Xiaosu/Jacinda)

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626 (Long Jiayu/Tara)

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928 (Liu Zeyu/Yew)

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423（Wang Yan/Doris）

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561 (Liu Yi/Zer)

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729（Wang Yujiao/Wendy）

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773 (Zhao Jing/winnie)

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949 (Wu Jiaying Cathy)

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu

221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041 Xiao Feiyan
224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-04T11:37:49Z

Xiao Feiyan: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu
221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041

224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092 Xiao Feiyan

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

=Here you can suggest your topic for your final exam paper=

Chinese Language and Culture 2024

2024-09-04T11:29:37Z

Xiao Feiyan: /* 簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class */

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

=簽到 Here you can sign in behind the topic you want to present in class=
*Yu Yi
*Memo
*Guo Zibin
*Binbin
*Glen
*Liu Li
*Liu Zhuofan
*Drovan
*Wu Ziyi
*Andrew
*Wang Xuan
*Cynthia
*Wang Yan
*Doris
*Wu Jing
*Jennie
*Huang Qi
*Esther
*Xiao Feiyan
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7.
Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8.
Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9.
Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10.
Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11.
Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12.
Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13.
Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14.
Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15.
Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16.
Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17.
Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18.
Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19.
Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20.
Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186

21.
Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22.
Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23.
Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24.
Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25.
Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance
6
......................................................................................... 217

26.
Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27.
Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28.
Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30.
Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31.
Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32.
Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33.
Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34.
Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35.
Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37.
Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38.
Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39.
Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40.
Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41.
Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42.
Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43.
Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44.
Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393

45.
Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46.
Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47.
Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48.
Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49.
Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436
7

50.
Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51.
Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52.
Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53.
Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54.
Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55.
Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56.
Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57.
Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58.
History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59.
Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61.
Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62.
Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63.
Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65.
Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66.
Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67.
Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68.
Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69.
Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626

70.
Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72.
Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73.
Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75.
Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient
8
China
................................................................................ 680

76.
Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77.
Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78.
Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79.
Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80.
Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81.
Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82.
Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83.
Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84.
Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85.
Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86.
Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87.
Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88.
Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89.
Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90.
Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91.
Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92.
Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93.
Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94.
Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95.
Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96.
Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97.
Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98.
Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority
................................................................ 889

99.
Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100.
Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101.
Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102.
Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928

103.
Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104.
Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105.
Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106.
National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107.
National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108.
Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109.
Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110.
Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111.
Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112.
Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113.
Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118.
Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119.
Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120.
Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121.
Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122.
Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123.
Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124.
Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125.
Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126.
Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127.
Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128.
Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129.
Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130.
Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131.
Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132.
Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133.
Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136.
Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137.
Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138.
Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139.
Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140.
Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141.
Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142.
Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143.
Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144.
Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145.
Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146.
Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147.
Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149.
Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150.
Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151.
Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152.
Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153.
Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154.
Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156.
Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157.
Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158.
Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159.
Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160.
Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161.
Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162.
Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163.
Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164.
Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165.
Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166.
Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167.
History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168.
Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169.
Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170.
Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171.
Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172.
Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173.
Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174.
Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561

175.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176.
Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177.
stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178.
Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179.
Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180.
Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181.
Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182.
Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183.
Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184.
The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185.
Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186.
The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187.
Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188.
Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189.
Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190.
Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192.
National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193.
Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729

194.
Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195.
Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196.
Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197.
Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773

198.
Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199.
Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200.
Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201.
Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202.
Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203.
Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204.
Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205.
Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206.
Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207.
The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208.
Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209.
Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210.
Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211.
Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212.
Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213.
Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949

215.
Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡：湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216.
Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217.
Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218.
Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219.
Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220.
Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010 Liu XinYu
221.
Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么
....................................................................................... 2019

222.
Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223.
The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节
........................................................................... 2041

224.
Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225.
Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226.
Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227.
Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228.
Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229.
Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230.
Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231.
Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232.
Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233.
Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234.
Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235.
Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236.
Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237.
Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238.
Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239.
Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240.
Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241.
Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242.
The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243.
Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244.
Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245.
Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246.
Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247.
Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248.
The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249.
Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250.
Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251.
Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252.
The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312

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